The impact of urbanization and agricultural development on vultures ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The methodology uses point count surveys of vulture species density along an urban to forest gradient (dense downtown areas, suburbs, rural villages and farms, mixed uninhabited savanna, open and closed forests). The very common Black Vulture and the slightly less common Turkey Vulture were most often recorded in ...

Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers.

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, Jacob E; DeVault, Travis L; Beasley, James C; Rhodes, Olin E; Belant, Jerrold L

2018-03-01

Vultures provide an essential ecosystem service through removal of carrion, but globally, many populations are collapsing and several species are threatened with extinction. Widespread declines in vulture populations could increase the availability of carrion to other organisms, but the ways facultative scavengers might respond to this increase have not been thoroughly explored. We aimed to determine whether facultative scavengers increase carrion consumption in the absence of vulture competition and whether they are capable of functionally replacing vultures in the removal of carrion biomass from the landscape. We experimentally excluded 65 rabbit carcasses from vultures during daylight hours and placed an additional 65 carcasses that were accessible to vultures in forested habitat in South Carolina, USA during summer (June-August). We used motion-activated cameras to compare carrion use by facultative scavenging species between the experimental and control carcasses. Scavenging by facultative scavengers did not increase in the absence of competition with vultures. We found no difference in scavenger presence between control carcasses and those from which vultures were excluded. Eighty percent of carcasses from which vultures were excluded were not scavenged by vertebrates, compared to 5% of carcasses that were accessible to vultures. At the end of the 7-day trials, there was a 10.1-fold increase in the number of experimental carcasses that were not fully scavenged compared to controls. Facultative scavengers did not functionally replace vultures during summer in our study. This finding may have been influenced by the time of the year in which the study took place, the duration of the trials, and the spacing of carcass sites. Our results suggest that under the warm and humid conditions of our study, facultative scavengers would not compensate for loss of vultures. Carcasses would persist longer in the environment and consumption of carrion would likely shift from

Dallas Zoo hunts for escaped vulture

African Journals Online (AJOL)

shows eating off the antelopes that lions kill and everything,” Mr Brown said. The African White-backed vultures have been at the zoo since August. They're expected to be part of an exhibit that is undergoing renovations. Mr Brown said vultures are hardy, resourceful animals. When the missing bird becomes hungry,.

Vulture worries stalk activists on Uttarayan

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

Mar 1, 2007 ... Vulture worries stalk activists on Uttarayan. Anon. Ahmedabad – When kites take to the skies on Uttarayan, animal activists will be biting their nails in apprehension. Their main concern is the White-rumped. Vulture, a highly endangered species, of which only 137 birds are left in the city, according to figures ...

Removal (and attempted removal) of material from a Hooded Vulture ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Relatively little is documented about nest material theft in vultures. We used camera traps to monitor Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus nests for a year. We report camera trap photographs of a starling Lamprotornis sp. removing what appeared to be dung from an inactive Hooded Vulture nest on Cleveland Game ...

Collision vulnerability of vultures at established windfarms

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Acquisition (SCADA) systems. (Davenport et al. 2011) as well as the strategic positioning of vulture restaurants to draw vultures away from these areas (Martin et al. 2012). Acknowledgements. An unknown reviewer is thanked for comments on a previous draft of this note. References. Baidya Roy, S., Pacala, S.W. & Walko, ...

Significant population of Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus population in Morocco has undergone a marked decline since the 1980s to the point of nearing local extinction in the twenty-first century. A field study of some possible sites for Egyptian Vultures was carried out over six days during June 2014 in the Middle Atlas Mountains, ...

Tree-nesting Rüppells Griffon vultures | Rondeau | Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Guy Rondeau, Phlippe Pilard, Bernard Ahon, Moussa Coundé. Abstract. No Abstract. Vulture News Vol. 55, 2006: 14-22. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians ...

The first whole genome and transcriptome of the cinereous vulture reveals adaptation in the gastric and immune defense systems and possible convergent evolution between the Old and New World vultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Chung, Oksung; Jin, Seondeok; Cho, Yun Sung; Lim, Jeongheui; Kim, Hyunho; Jho, Sungwoong; Kim, Hak-Min; Jun, JeHoon; Lee, HyeJin; Chon, Alvin; Ko, Junsu; Edwards, Jeremy; Weber, Jessica A; Han, Kyudong; O'Brien, Stephen J; Manica, Andrea; Bhak, Jong; Paek, Woon Kee

2015-10-21

The cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus, is the largest bird of prey and plays a key role in the ecosystem by removing carcasses, thus preventing the spread of diseases. Its feeding habits force it to cope with constant exposure to pathogens, making this species an interesting target for discovering functionally selected genetic variants. Furthermore, the presence of two independently evolved vulture groups, Old World and New World vultures, provides a natural experiment in which to investigate convergent evolution due to obligate scavenging. We sequenced the genome of a cinereous vulture, and mapped it to the bald eagle reference genome, a close relative with a divergence time of 18 million years. By comparing the cinereous vulture to other avian genomes, we find positively selected genetic variations in this species associated with respiration, likely linked to their ability of immune defense responses and gastric acid secretion, consistent with their ability to digest carcasses. Comparisons between the Old World and New World vulture groups suggest convergent gene evolution. We assemble the cinereous vulture blood transcriptome from a second individual, and annotate genes. Finally, we infer the demographic history of the cinereous vulture which shows marked fluctuations in effective population size during the late Pleistocene. We present the first genome and transcriptome analyses of the cinereous vulture compared to other avian genomes and transcriptomes, revealing genetic signatures of dietary and environmental adaptations accompanied by possible convergent evolution between the Old World and New World vultures.

Not in wilderness: African vulture strongholds remain in areas with high human density

Science.gov (United States)

Granadeiro, José Pedro; Monteiro, Hamilton; Nuno, Ana; Lecoq, Miguel; Cardoso, Paulo; Regalla, Aissa; Catry, Paulo

2018-01-01

Vultures constitute an important functional group in many ecosystems, providing crucial ecosystem services both in natural and humanized environments. These scavengers are facing massive declines worldwide, but in several African countries virtually nothing is known on populations’ status and threats, hampering the development of adequate conservation strategies. In Guinea-Bissau, globally important populations of Hooded Necrosyrtes monachus and African white-backed vultures Gyps africanus were recently reported. Using the country as a study area, we aim to characterize human-vulture interactions in West Africa applying a multidisciplinary approach. We assessed the status and distribution of vulture populations using data from 1711 km of roadside transects, examined predictors of their distribution, and produced a nationwide population estimate for the Hooded Vulture, using an innovative method based on the relationship between the size of human population in settlements and vulture numbers. We conducted 47 stakeholder interviews to assess perceived roles played by vultures, and to investigate potential anthropogenic threats. Hooded vultures were strongly associated with high human population densities, whereas no relation was found between African white-backed and Rüppell’s vultures and any of the tested predictors, which included cattle density, precipitation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, among others. We estimate a national population of 43347 Hooded vultures, the largest population reported in the species range. Respondents were generally aware of the services provided by vultures, especially waste and carcass removal, including in urban areas. Hunting for witchcraft and traditional medicine was the most frequently recognised threat, while poisoning was ranked as having the highest impact. We hypothesise that poisoning-related mortality may be affecting African white-backed and Rüppell’s vultures’ distribution and explain their scarcity

Vulture worries stalk activists on Uttarayan | Anon | Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vulture News. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 56 (2007) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register · Download this PDF file. The PDF file you selected should load here if your Web ...

Vulture worries stalk activists on Uttarayan | Anon | Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

No Abstract. Vulture News Vol. 56 () 2007: pp.103-103. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's Partners · Terms ...

Mighty vulture back from near extinction | Nickerson | Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

No Abstract. Vulture News Vol. 56 () 2007: pp.104-105. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's Partners · Terms ...

Vulture significance in Ogoni Culture | Saale | AFRREV LALIGENS ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study explained the spiritual and social significance of vulture in Ogoni culture. It also explained how the use of vulture to refer to human beings and its characteristics became sources of social relations and conflicts in Ogoni culture. It adopted both the anthropological and sociological approaches. Findings from the ...

Some statistics from the 2012 Lappet-faced Vulture chick ringing in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

The long and the short of it: Some statistics from the 2012. Lappet-faced Vulture chick ringing in the Namib. Holger Kolberg1 and Peter Bridgeford2. Vultures Namibia, P.O. Box 3699, Walvis Bay, Namibia. 1 email: holgerk@mweb.com.na, 2 email: pmbridge@iway.na. Vultures Namibia once again ringed. Lappet-faced.

Visitors to nests of Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

We recommend expanding the Hooded Vulture nest monitoring programme to include more pairs. Keywords: Alopochen aegyptiaca, Chacma Baboon, Egyptian Goose, Hooded Vulture, Kruger-to-Canyons Biosphere Region, Martial Eagle, Necrosyrtes monachus, nest visitors, Papio ursinus, Polemaetus bellicosus ...

Comoé National Park – a refuge for critically endangered vulture ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

vulture nests to assess the status of the different species in the south- west of the park;. 2. To capture two White- headed Vultures or White-backed. Vultures to equip them with satellite tags;. 3. To introduce the project to the park-authorities of the Office. Ivorien des Parcs et Reserves. (OIPR), to the Deutsche Gesellschaft.

Himalayan Vultures in Khodpe, far-west Nepal: is there any threat?

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Manoj Kumar Joshi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available There is evidence that Himalayan Vulture Gyps himalayensis is susceptible to the veterinary drug diclofenac, which is responsible for the decline of other Gyps species across South Asia.  Unlike other Gyps species, there is little quantitative data to assess Himalayan Vultures population.  Based on observation, we analyzed the flock size and breeding success of the Himalayan Vultures on two cliffs of Khodpe in Baitadi District, far-west Nepal.  The mean flock size of Himalayan Vulture was 25.83±6.33.  Overall breeding success was 90.9% based on active nests.  We also conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the perceived threats in the view of local people to vultures and these threats include loss of food, veterinary drug, lack of proper nest sites, and lack of public awareness.  Additionally, 76% of the respondents felt that vultures were decreasing in the area, 94.7% were not aware of the toxicity of diclofenac to vultures, and very few (2% knew about the availability of meloxicam as a safe alternative drug.  The colony we studied is one of the few remaining known breeding populations, which provide baseline information from far-west Nepal, thus we recommend for conservation and continuous monitoring of this species to understand their population change and breeding biology. 

Scavenging efficiency and red fox abundance in Mediterranean mountains with and without vultures

Science.gov (United States)

Morales-Reyes, Zebensui; Sánchez-Zapata, José A.; Sebastián-González, Esther; Botella, Francisco; Carrete, Martina; Moleón, Marcos

2017-02-01

Vertebrate scavenging assemblages include two major functional groups: obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures), which depend totally on carrion and are undergoing severe declines around the globe, and facultative scavengers, which exploit carrion opportunistically and are generally ubiquitous. Our goal was to investigate the hypothesis that vultures can indirectly regulate the abundance of mesopredators (i.e., facultative scavengers) through modulating their access to carrion resources. We studied scavenging efficiency and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) abundance in two neighbouring areas of South-eastern Spain where vultures (mainly griffon vultures Gyps fulvus) are present (Cazorla) and absent (Espuña). To do so, we monitored ungulate carcasses consumption during winter and summer, and counted red fox scats along walking transects as a proxy of fox density. Our results confirmed that scavenging efficiency was higher in Cazorla and in carcasses visited by vultures. This resulted in increasing scavenging opportunities for facultative scavengers where vultures were absent. Accordingly, mean red fox abundance was higher in Espuña. These results suggest the existence of a vulture-mediated mesopredator release (i.e., an increase of mesopredator numbers following vulture loss), which could trigger important indirect ecological effects. Also, our study demonstrates that facultative scavengers are hardly able to functionally replace vultures, mainly because the former exploit carrion on a slower time scale.

Removing the threat of diclofenac to critically endangered Asian vultures.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerry Swan

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Veterinary use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID drug diclofenac in South Asia has resulted in the collapse of populations of three vulture species of the genus Gyps to the most severe category of global extinction risk. Vultures are exposed to diclofenac when scavenging on livestock treated with the drug shortly before death. Diclofenac causes kidney damage, increased serum uric acid concentrations, visceral gout, and death. Concern about this issue led the Indian Government to announce its intention to ban the veterinary use of diclofenac by September 2005. Implementation of a ban is still in progress late in 2005, and to facilitate this we sought potential alternative NSAIDs by obtaining information from captive bird collections worldwide. We found that the NSAID meloxicam had been administered to 35 captive Gyps vultures with no apparent ill effects. We then undertook a phased programme of safety testing of meloxicam on the African white-backed vulture Gyps africanus, which we had previously established to be as susceptible to diclofenac poisoning as the endangered Asian Gyps vultures. We estimated the likely maximum level of exposure (MLE of wild vultures and dosed birds by gavage (oral administration with increasing quantities of the drug until the likely MLE was exceeded in a sample of 40 G. africanus. Subsequently, six G. africanus were fed tissues from cattle which had been treated with a higher than standard veterinary course of meloxicam prior to death. In the final phase, ten Asian vultures of two of the endangered species (Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus were dosed with meloxicam by gavage; five of them at more than the likely MLE dosage. All meloxicam-treated birds survived all treatments, and none suffered any obvious clinical effects. Serum uric acid concentrations remained within the normal limits throughout, and were significantly lower than those from birds treated with diclofenac in other studies. We conclude that

EL español andino. II parte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Arboleda Toro

2002-01-01

Full Text Available En el número 13 de esta revista (nov. del 2000 se publicó una primera parte del estudio sobre el español andino. Presentamos ahora una segunda parte que comprende aspectos histórico-geográficos de Nariño y Putumayo andinos, región de Colombia donde se habla esa variedad, y una descripción general de su realidad lingüística. Esperamos que sean objeto de otra publicación la descripción de los rasgos dialectales del español andino, parte nuclear del trabajo, y la presentación de la metodología y el corpus. En esto nos encontramos trabajando. Incluimos no obstante un inventario de rasgos más amplio que el presentado en la primera parte. Pero por ahora se trata de eso, de un inventario ilustrativo, no del análisis en el que estamos empeñados, en el marco del contacto de lenguas, el cambio lingüístico y la relación entre la norma y las posibilidades del sistema. Para contextualizar esta segunda parte, incluimos, a manera de introducción, un resumen de la primera.

Lappet-faced Vulture (Torgos tracheliotos) breeding in Ithala Game ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Predator simulation, re-colonization, KwaZulu-Natal. African White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus, Lappet-faced. Vulture Torgos tracheliotos. Authors' addresses: Ian Rushworth & James Wakelin, Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal. Wildlife, P.O. Box 13053, Cascades 3202, KwaZulu-Natal,. South Africa; Gary Bawden, Ithala Game ...

Population and breeding success of Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

the population trends of Red-headed and Egyptian Vultures in Nepal, where this study was undertaken. Large-scale surveys of domestic ungulate carcasses (the principal food source of vultures in South Asia) across India indicate that 10-11% of carcasses are contaminated with diclofenac (Cuthbert et al. 2011b).

Some Important Observations on the Populations of Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in Urban Ghana

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Francis Gbogbo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Despite major declines in the population of vultures around the world, noticeable increases were reported in the populations of Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus over the past decade in Accra—an important vulture habitat in Ghana. In recent times, however, there is a growing concern that the vulture numbers are decreasing even though scientific data to support this is nonexisting. As a vital zoogeographical and conservation tool, it is important to keep an up-to-date knowledge about urban bird populations amidst rapid urbanization and associated changes. Using a combination of field data, literature review, and stakeholder consultations, it was indicative that severe decline might have indeed occurred in the populations of Hooded Vultures in Accra. Evidence suggests the killing of vultures for consumption, traditional medicine, and black magic in an undercover trade with possible transboundary connections as important underlying factor. Additional factors suspected to underlie the declines include changes in management of urban facilities and destruction of roosting and nesting trees. The implications of interspecific competition with Pied Crows Corvus albus on Hooded Vultures however remain unclear. There is an urgent need for conservation campaign and education to save the Hooded Vulture in Ghana.

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Education Environnementale et de. Protection des Oiseaux au Maroc) has produced a poster on the Griffon Vulture. Gyps fulvus, in collaboration with the. HCEFLCD (Haut Commissariat au. Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la. Désertification) and ...

Vultures have flown under radar Population boom inspires scientists ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-02

Mar 2, 2007 ... Page 1 ... age structure is.” USDA researchers are fitting 16 vultures with satellite transmitters this month to document movements and behavioural patterns of vultures near the Marine Corps Air. Station in Beaufort, S.C. The project will ... emergency landing at Merritt Island. Airport. “You're always constantly ...

Vultures and honeybees

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ZeldaH

in the Ganab area of the Namib-Naukluft. Park, Namibia, we came across an unusual occurrence: When we reached the chick in the nest, we found honeybees Apis mellifera, crowded over and covering the eyes of the young vulture. The Namib-Naukluft Park (NNP),. 49,785 km², is the largest conservation area in Namibia ...

Observations of White-backed Vultures eating plant material in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

small quantities of the green leaves and eagerly feed on dried leaves after the first winter frost without obvious negative effects (H. Stehn, pers. obs.). On being informed of the incident, NT was intrigued, as he had never heard of vultures eating plant material and as White-backed. Vultures eat primarily soft body parts and do ...

Movement ecology of migration in turkey vultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Mandel, J T; Bildstein, K L; Bohrer, G; Winkler, D W

2008-12-09

We develop individual-based movement ecology models (MEM) to explore turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) migration decisions at both hourly and daily scales. Vulture movements in 10 migration events were recorded with satellite-reporting GPS sensors, and flight behavior was observed visually, aided by on-the-ground VHF radio-tracking. We used the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset to obtain values for wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and cloud height and used a digital elevation model for a measure of terrain ruggedness. A turkey vulture fitted with a heart-rate logger during 124 h of flight during 38 contiguous days showed only a small increase in mean heart rate as distance traveled per day increased, which suggests that, unlike flapping, soaring flight does not lead to greatly increased metabolic costs. Data from 10 migrations for 724 hourly segments and 152 daily segments showed that vultures depended heavily upon high levels of TKE in the atmospheric boundary layer to increase flight distances and maintain preferred bearings at both hourly and daily scales. We suggest how the MEM can be extended to other spatial and temporal scales of avian migration. Our success in relating model-derived atmospheric variables to migration indicates the potential of using regional reanalysis data, as here, and potentially other regional, higher-resolution, atmospheric models in predicting changing movement patterns of soaring birds under various scenarios of climate and land use change.

The impact of traditional use on vultures in South Africa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

are betting and gambling, for improved business success, and intelligence in school children. Vulture is ... some 59,000 consumption events of vulture pieces. The total ... spirits (Berglund 1976). For this ... plants and animals to earn a living .... relationship with traders / Traditional. Healers at ..... through enhanced policy and.

Blood lead levels in White-Backed Vultures (Gyps africanus) from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Currently vulture populations in sub-. Saharan Africa are dramatically declining due to direct and indirect poisoning with pesticides (Ogada. 2014, Virani 2011). During a tagging and radio telemetry study from 2012 thru 2015 involving several species of vultures in. Botswana, the Denver Zoological. Foundation in ...

White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus parental care and chick growth ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Persistent vulture declines across Africa are a cause for concern as the number of species threatened with extinction increases. The White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus was, until recently, considered abundant but has been declining rapidly in recent years due to various threats including decreasing food availability.

Vulture News - Vol 66 (2014)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The impact of urbanization and agricultural development on vultures in El Salvador · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Michael O'Neal Campbell, 16-28 ...

African vultures don't follow migratory herds: scavenger habitat use is not mediated by prey abundance.

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Corinne J Kendall

Full Text Available The ongoing global decline in vulture populations raises major conservation concerns, but little is known about the factors that mediate scavenger habitat use, in particular the importance of abundance of live prey versus prey mortality. We test this using data from the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in East Africa. The two hypotheses that prey abundance or prey mortality are the main drivers of vulture habitat use provide alternative predictions. If vultures select areas based only on prey abundance, we expect tracked vultures to remain close to herds of migratory wildebeest regardless of season. However, if vultures select areas where mortality rates are greatest then we expect vultures to select the driest regions, where animals are more likely to die of starvation, and to be attracted to migratory wildebeest only during the dry season when wildebeest mortality is greatest. We used data from GSM-GPS transmitters to assess the relationship between three vulture species and migratory wildebeest in the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem. Results indicate that vultures preferentially cluster around migratory herds only during the dry season, when herds experience their highest mortality. Additionally during the wet season, Ruppell's and Lappet-faced vultures select relatively dry areas, based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, whereas White-backed vultures preferred wetter areas during the wet season. Differences in habitat use among species may mediate coexistence in this scavenger guild. In general, our results suggest that prey abundance is not the primary driver of avian scavenger habitat use. The apparent reliance of vultures on non-migratory ungulates during the wet season has important conservation implications for vultures in light of on-going declines in non-migratory ungulate species and use of poisons in unprotected areas.

Riqueza específica y especies de interés para la conservación de la avifauna del área protegida Serranía del Aguaragüe (sur de Bolivia)

OpenAIRE

Martínez, Omar; Maillard Z., Oswaldo; Vedia-Kennedy, Javier; Herrera, Mauricio; Mesili, Thibeault; Rojas, Abraham

2011-01-01

Se relevó la avifauna de 11 localidades en el Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Serranía del Aguaragüe, provincia Gran Chaco, departamento de Tarija, Bolivia. Fueron registradas en total 272 especies de aves, 5 de ellas amenazadas (Buteogallus coronatus, Ara militaris, Amazona tucumana, Vultur gryphus y Buteogallus solitarius). Se incluye el registro de 11 especies nuevas para el departamento de Tarija y de 14 que eran conocidas por pocos registros. Se registraron 29 especies...

Coprophagy of African Wild Dog faeces by Hooded Vultures in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Coprophagy by vertebrates is rare, especially among birds and species that consume the faeces of other species (Soave & Brand 1991,. Hirakawa 2001, Shimada 2012). While New World Vultures practice coprophagy (Del Hoyo et al. 1994,. Buckley 1999, Blanco et al. 2013), the only Old World vulture we could find that ...

Natural mortality factors for African White-backed Vultures in Namibia?

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-09-02

Sep 2, 2007 ... September 2007. Vulture News 57. 63. Figure 2. Lightning damage to the bark of the above camel thorn tree (photographer: Ann Scott). Figure 1. Carcass of an African White-backed Vulture below a nest in a camel thorn tree in the Kalahari Desert, Namibia (photographer: Ann Scott).

Natural mortality factors for African White-backed Vultures in Namibia?

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Natural mortality factors for African White-backed Vultures in Namibia? A Scott, M Scott, P Bridgeford, M Bridgeford. Abstract. No Abstract. Vulture News Vol. 57 2007: pp. 62-64. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · AJOL African Journals Online.

Vulture News - Vol 56 (2007)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Radio-satelllite telemetry of a territorial bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus in the Caucasus · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. A Gavashelishvili, MJ McGrady, 4-13 ...

Vulture News - Vol 55 (2006)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

First record of Himalayan Griffon vulture Gyps himalyensis in Chhep, Preah Vihear, northern Cambodia · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Martin Gilbert, Song Chansocheat, Nadia Sureda, 4-5 ...

Vulture News 71 November 2016 61 The Editor The Hindu Daily ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

2016-11-17

Nov 17, 2016 ... governments, Non-Governmental Organizations and researchers to rescue vulture populations from the brink of extinction. Vultures play a very important role in ecosystems and biodiversity conservation by scavenging on dead animals thereby protecting humans from potentially lethal zoonotic diseases.

Naturally acquired antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in vultures of southern Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. C.B. Turnbull

2008-08-01

Full Text Available TURNBULLP, P.C.B. DIEKMANNM,M., KILIAN, J.W., VERSFELDW, W.,DE VOS, V., ARNTZENL, L.,WOLTER, K., BARTELS, P. & KOTZE, A. 2008.N aturally acquired antibodies to Bacillusa nthracisp rotective antigeni n vultureso f southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, T5:95-102 Sera from 19 wild caught vultures in northern Namibia and 15 (12 wild caught and three captive bred but with minimal histories in North West Province, South Africa, were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbenats say( ELISAf or antibodiesto the Bacillus anthracis toxin protective antigen (PA. As assessed from the baseline established with a control group of ten captive reared vultures with well-documented histories, elevated titres were found in 12 of the 19 (63% wild caught Namibian birds as compared with none of the 15 South African ones. There was a highly significant difference between the Namibian group as a hole and the other groups (P 0.05. Numbers in the Namibian group were too small to determine any significances in species-, sex- or age-related differences within the raw data showing elevated titres in four out of six Cape Vultures, Gyps coprotheress, six out of ten Whitebacked Vultures, Gyps africanus, and one out of three Lappet-faced Vultures, Aegypiust racheliotus, or in five of six males versus three of seven females, and ten of 15 adults versus one of four juveniles. The results are in line with the available data on the incidence of anthrax in northern Namibia and South Africa and the likely contact of the vultures tested with anthrax carcasses. lt is not known whether elevated titre indicates infection per se in vultures or absorption of incompletely digested epitopes of the toxin or both. The results are discussed in relation to distances travelled by vultures as determined by new tracking techniques, how serology can reveal anthrax activity in an area and the issue of the role of vultures in transmission of anthrax.

Breeding Biology of Critically Endangered Long-billed Vulture (Gyps indicus at a Unique Site in Telangana State, India

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Ravikanth Manchiryala

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Out of nine species of vultures, the population of three Gyps species, White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis, Slender-billed Vulture (Gyps tenuirostris and Long-billed Vulture (Gyps indicus has declined drastically by 99% over the past decade (Prakash, 1999. The Gyps vultures' population declined in India by 97% and by 92% in Pakistan (Virani, 2006, Prakash et al., 2012. Possibly the widespread usage of Diclofenac drug in the animal led to the rapid population decline for these Vultures (Green et al., 2004. The Long-billed Vulture G. indicus is a bald headed vulture with very broad wings and short tail feathers, having no sexual dimorphism. In Malabar hills region of India the breeding season of Long-billed Vultures was noted to be November to May where it breed mainly on cliffs (Edward, 1915. Presently, it is in the most critical category of endangerment, listed in Schedule-I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act-1972 followed by IUCN, 2015 (http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22729731/0. The Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Hyderabad announced that vultures are already 'Extinct' in the state (Medicheti, 2013.

Cinereous Vulture Nesting Ecology in Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve, Mongolia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard P. Reading

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Cinereous vultures ( Aegypius monachus are the largest raptors in Eurasia. Little is known about the species, especially in Mongolia. We studied the nesting ecology of cinereous vultures in Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve, Dornogobi Aimag. To assess reproductive success, we located active nests and periodically checked to determine if they remained active. We measured nest sizes and, periodically, nestling sizes and weights. We located 42 active cinereous vulture nests (27 on rocks and 15 on trees in 2003 and 19 nests (14 on rocks and 5 on trees in 2004. Mean volume of active nests was 3.92 ± 0.39 m 3 ( n = 36. Most nests failed prior to egg hatching, but after hatching nesting success rates increased dramatically. Following hatching, cinereous vulture chicks grew linearly until leveling off just prior to fledging. We generated growth curves for chicks that allowed us to determine the average size of chicks on specific dates. Improving the prospects for successful cinereous vulture conservation likely requires a better understanding of nesting ecology. As such, we plan to improve the quality of our data by monitoring nests more intensively to determine incubation and fledging lengths, as well as causes of nest failures.

Vulture rescue and rehabilitation in South Africa: An urban perspective

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V. Naidoo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available SouthAfrica is home to 9 vulture species, of which 7 are endangered. While the cause of the population declines remains largely speculative, a vast amount of effort has been dedicated towards the protection of populations by ensuring sustainable and safe food sources for the various colonies. Limited focus was placed in the past on efforts related to the rescue and/or rehabilitation (R&R of injured birds and the release of these birds back into the wild. This paper provides an overview of the causes, the impact and success of 3 organisations involved in R&R efforts of vultures in the Magaliesberg mountain range and surrounding areas over a period of 10 years. Study material included 162 Cape griffon (CGV and 38 African white-backed (AWBV vultures. Datasets include the number, sex and age of birds received, the reason the vultures were brought in for R&R, surgical interventions performed and outcomes of rescue efforts. The CGV dominated the rehabilitation attempts. Results further show that a large number of apparently healthy birds were presented for veterinary treatment. The R&R data clearly indicate that the major cause of injuries was birds colliding with overhead pylons, as a high number of soft tissue and skeletal injuries were observed. The study also shows that successful releases of rescued birds are possible. It is concluded that urbanisation has had a major negative impact on vultures around the Magaliesberg mountain range.

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-09-02

Sep 2, 2006 ... this predatory behaviour had a profound impact on chick mortality rates. Even after the chicks fledged and began flying around the pan, the vultures persisted with predation. In earlyMay many of the juvenile birds had already joined the adult population in the remaining waters in the northern section of Sua ...

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-09-02

Sep 2, 2006 ... trapping expedition* to Chhep district,. Preah Vihear province ... Our trap had been baited the previous evening with a young cow, and within two hours of sunrise had attracted a mixed flock of 54 vultures. The birds strung themselves out in the trees above the bait ... patterns and to locate nest locations. As.

Vulture News - Vol 58 (2008)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Scavenging and predation by Black Vultures Coragyps atratus at a South American sea lion breeding colony · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. HJ Pavés, RP Schlatter, CI Espinoza, 4-15 ...

Comparison of eye morphology and retinal topography in two species of New World vultures (Aves: Cathartidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Lisney, Thomas J; Stecyk, Karyn; Kolominsky, Jeffrey; Graves, Gary R; Wylie, Douglas R; Iwaniuk, Andrew N

2013-12-01

Vultures are highly reliant on their sensory systems for the rapid detection and localization of carrion before other scavengers can exploit the resource. In this study, we compared eye morphology and retinal topography in two species of New World vultures (Cathartidae), turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), with a highly developed olfactory sense, and black vultures (Coragyps atratus), with a less developed sense of olfaction. We found that eye size relative to body mass was the same in both species, but that black vultures have larger corneas relative to eye size than turkey vultures. However, the overall retinal topography, the total number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer, peak and average cell densities, cell soma area frequency distributions, and the theoretical peak anatomical spatial resolving power were the same in both species. This suggests that the visual systems of these two species are similar and that vision plays an equally important role in the biology of both species, despite the apparently greater reliance on olfaction for finding carrion in turkey vultures. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of eye morphology and retinal topography in two species of new world vultures (Aves: Cathartidae)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lisney, Thomas J.; Stecyk, Karyn; Kolominsky, Jeffrey

2013-01-01

Vultures are highly reliant on their sensory systems for the rapid detection and localization of carrion before other scavengers can exploit the resource. In this study, we compared eye morphology and retinal topography in two species of New World vultures (Cathartidae), turkey vultures (Cathartes...... aura), with a highly developed olfactory sense, and black vultures (Coragyps atratus), with a less developed sense of olfaction. We found that eye size relative to body mass was the same in both species, but that black vultures have larger corneas relative to eye size than turkey vultures. However......, the overall retinal topography, the total number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer, peak and average cell densities, cell soma area frequency distributions, and the theoretical peak anatomical spatial resolving power were the same in both species. This suggests that the visual systems of these two...

Using wind tunnels to predict bird mortality in wind farms: the case of griffon vultures.

Science.gov (United States)

de Lucas, Manuela; Ferrer, Miguel; Janss, Guyonne F E

2012-01-01

Wind farms have shown a spectacular growth during the last 15 years. Avian mortality through collision with moving rotor blades is well-known as one of the main adverse impacts of wind farms. In Spain, the griffon vulture incurs the highest mortality rates in wind farms. As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to predict flight trajectories of birds in order to foresee potentially dangerous areas for wind farm development. We analyse topography and wind flows in relation to flight paths of griffon vultures, using a scaled model of the wind farm area in an aerodynamic wind tunnel, and test the difference between the observed flight paths of griffon vultures and the predominant wind flows. Different wind currents for each wind direction in the aerodynamic model were observed. Simulations of wind flows in a wind tunnel were compared with observed flight paths of griffon vultures. No statistical differences were detected between the observed flight trajectories of griffon vultures and the wind passages observed in our wind tunnel model. A significant correlation was found between dead vultures predicted proportion of vultures crossing those cells according to the aerodynamic model. Griffon vulture flight routes matched the predominant wind flows in the area (i.e. they followed the routes where less flight effort was needed). We suggest using these kinds of simulations to predict flight paths over complex terrains can inform the location of wind turbines and thereby reduce soaring bird mortality.

Vulture News - Vol 60 (2011)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

second count of vultures at carcasses in Uganda, and a revised proposal for a standardised method · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. D Pomeroy, A Byaruhangab, G Kaphu, M Opige, M Masiko, B Lutuk, 15-21 ...

SOVEREIGN DEBT RESTRUCTURING AND “VULTURE FUNDS”

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Emilia Cornelia STOICA

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Defining sovereign debt - debt issued or guaranteed by a public entity: central and / or regional public authorities, central banks, public institutions or enterprises - must include the risks that its management may generate, mainly the risk of default. If an medium period of time - 3-5 years – the macroeconomic growth of a state, and as the result the increase of the public revenues constantly lies below the growth of sovereign debt, these will cause an insolvability risk to cover it, and that state should proceed to restructure its debt. Financial stability of public authorities and sovereign debt occurred since the beginning of the creation of democratic states, and instruments for debt restructuring have been continuously adapted to economic and social conjuncture. Initially, states faced a necessity of funding were borrowed from foreign governments and / or large consortia bank, and when their debts had to be restructured it has been created the international institutional framework to negotiate between debtor countries and public creditors - Paris Club - and to coordinate negotiations between public authorities and major debtor consortia - London Club. In the last decade 'vulture funds' occurred, which are hedge funds acquiring from the secondary financial market debt the securities, including public debt, to a much lower share nominal value. Subsequently, vulture funds claim states issuing debt repayment at values close or equal to the face value - in this way can make a profit of more than 100% of the financial investment they made it on the secondary market. If these countries do not comply, generally being unable to honor their public debt, vultures funds act the countries in international courts, which usually prevails because vultures funds’ action is legal under current conditions.

Using wind tunnels to predict bird mortality in wind farms: the case of griffon vultures.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuela de Lucas

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Wind farms have shown a spectacular growth during the last 15 years. Avian mortality through collision with moving rotor blades is well-known as one of the main adverse impacts of wind farms. In Spain, the griffon vulture incurs the highest mortality rates in wind farms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to predict flight trajectories of birds in order to foresee potentially dangerous areas for wind farm development. We analyse topography and wind flows in relation to flight paths of griffon vultures, using a scaled model of the wind farm area in an aerodynamic wind tunnel, and test the difference between the observed flight paths of griffon vultures and the predominant wind flows. Different wind currents for each wind direction in the aerodynamic model were observed. Simulations of wind flows in a wind tunnel were compared with observed flight paths of griffon vultures. No statistical differences were detected between the observed flight trajectories of griffon vultures and the wind passages observed in our wind tunnel model. A significant correlation was found between dead vultures predicted proportion of vultures crossing those cells according to the aerodynamic model. CONCLUSIONS: Griffon vulture flight routes matched the predominant wind flows in the area (i.e. they followed the routes where less flight effort was needed. We suggest using these kinds of simulations to predict flight paths over complex terrains can inform the location of wind turbines and thereby reduce soaring bird mortality.

DESPUÉS DE LA MUERTE EN EL MUNDO ANDINO. UNA APROXIMACIÓN ANTROPOLÓGICA

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Rodolfo Sánchez

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina las principales miradas que subsisten sobre la posibilidad de una vida ultraterrena, más allá de la muerte. El autor tiene una posición definida al respecto que, en muchos sentidos, sintoniza con la cosmovisión elaborada por el hombre andino a lo largo de los miles de años comprendidos en su desarrollo cultural. A pesar de la forzada evangelización cristiana soportada del siglo XVI en adelante, una buena parte del discurso andino prehispánico sobre los muertos continúa dando sentido a la existencia humana y al orden social en muchas comunidades quechuas y aimaras de los Andes centrales y meridionales. El hombre andino no está afectado de angustia ante la muerte, y establece, por el contrario, relaciones de reciprocidad con sus ancestros. Por sobre la costumbre de conservación a la espera de un día en que los cuerpos resuciten, los andinos tienen el convencimiento de que los muertos, de cualquier tiempo o espacio, tienen la misma vida que anima al cosmos en su conjunto.

Veinte años del Régimen Andino de Acceso a Recursos Genéticos

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Mónica Ribadeneira Sarmiento

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El artículo buscar contribuir al conocimiento del régimen legal andino de acceso a recursos genéticos, cuyo instrumento central es la Decisión Andina 391, promulgada en 1996. Se analiza la norma y se presentan sus más evidentes virtudes y limitaciones. Se incluye información sobre la evolución nacional de la decisión en cada uno de los países andinos. El artículo contiene un apartado referido al futuro de la norma en el actual escenario de reingeniería del Sistema Andino de Integración (SAI. Se han consultado documentos, fuentes oficiales, artículos de expertos y entrevistas. El artículo se estructura de la siguiente manera: los orígenes de la norma; el análisis y contenido de la norma andina; el proceso de reglamentación en los países andinos; las virtudes y limitaciones; la coyuntura y el futuro, y, por último, las conclusiones.

Metabolism of aceclofenac in cattle to vulture-killing diclofenac.

Science.gov (United States)

Galligan, T H; Taggart, M A; Cuthbert, R J; Svobodova, D; Chipangura, J; Alderson, D; Prakash, V M; Naidoo, V

2016-10-01

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac is highly toxic to Gyps vultures, and its recent widespread use in South Asia caused catastrophic declines in at least 3 scavenging raptors. The manufacture of veterinary formulations of diclofenac has since been banned across the region with mixed success. However, at least 12 other NSAIDs are available for veterinary use in South Asia. Aceclofenac is one of these compounds, and it is known to metabolize into diclofenac in some mammal species. The metabolic pathway of aceclofenac in cattle, the primary food of vultures in South Asia, is unknown. We gave 6 cattle the recommended dose of aceclofenac (2 mg/kg), collected blood thereafter at intervals for up to 12 h, and used liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry in a pharmacokinetic analysis of aceclofenac and diclofenac in the plasma. Nearly all the aceclofenac administered to the cattle was very rapidly metabolized into diclofenac. At 2 h, half the aceclofenac had been converted into diclofenac, and at 12 h four-fifths of the aceclofenac had been converted into diclofenac. Therefore, administering aceclofenac to livestock poses the same risk to vultures as administering diclofenac to livestock. This, coupled with the risk that aceclofenac may replace diclofenac in the veterinary market, points to the need for an immediate ban on all aceclofenac formulations that can be used to treat livestock. Without such a ban, the recovery of vultures across South Asia will not be successful. © 2016 Society for Conservation Biology.

The impact of traditional use on vultures in South Africa | McKean ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The main drivers of demand for these uses are betting and gambling, for improved business success, and intelligence in school children. Vulture is also prescribed by traditional healers for various ailments, including headaches. It is estimated that 160 vultures are sold per annum in eastern South Africa, with some 59,000 ...

LA EVIDENCIALIDAD EN EL CASTELLANO ANDINO NARIÑENSE

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Ómar Andrés Portilla Melo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen En este texto se hace una descripción de un fenómeno de transferencia semánticopragmática a nivel modal del quechua al castellano andino de la región nariñense. El trabajo está organizado de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, se introduce el concepto de evidencialidad; después, se hace una breve descripción histórica del quechua y una introducción a su tipología, y, finalmente, se explica la manera en que el contacto lingüístico quechua-español le dio al castellano andino nariñense los aspectos que lo caracterizan. La metodología usada fue la entrevista etnográfica. Como resultado se obtuvo que la influencia del quechua en el castellano del departamento de Nariño no se dio solamente a nivel léxico o sintáctico, sino que alcanzó niveles más profundos.

Effects of habitat and time of day on flock size of Turkey Vultures in Cuba (Cathartes aura

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Piotr Tryjanowski

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In agricultural landscapes, the Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura feeds mainly on carcases of domestic animals. In spring 2017, data on 214 flocks of Turkey vultures were collected in a road survey in Cuba (in total 2384 km. Turkey Vultures were found to be common accross Cuba, but flock size varied between habitats, reaching a maximum of 43 in valleys and 31 in agricultural landscapes with domestic animal farms. Vultures were active throughout the day, but the time of day did not significantly affect flock size. This study corroborates previous studies which suggested that carrion resources located in agricultural habitats and river valleys is crucial for the continued survival of this still abundant species. Changes in Cuba’s socio-political system in the near future will likely impact agricultural practices, and this in turn will likely affect Turkey Vultures. Our study may serve as a baseline against which future population changes and flocking behaviour of Turkey Vultures can be compared.

Vulture numbers are cut to the bone Extinction fears for a scavenger ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

Mar 1, 2007 ... gives them the gift to see the future. – are eating vulture meat to acquire the power of clairvoyance. ... Asia over the past five years, the use of the painkiller diclofenac in cattle has wiped out three species ... need for vulture flesh to satisfy markets for traditional medicines, their links with clairvoyance, hunting ...

Nandankanan zoo to house vultures

African Journals Online (AJOL)

of epidemics by eating the carcasses before they rot and are known to feed on rotting flesh without any adverse effect on them. The Indian White-backed. Vulture in 1992 number was more than 100 times than the 2003 number. Although they hang out in smelly places and eat carcasses, research shows that if given a choice ...

Chick success for Asian vultures

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-02

Mar 2, 2007 ... of international zoo programmes, said the society had been heavily involved in the centre since the late 1990s. “It was established with a UK government ... about the extinction of the vultures,” he warned. “The communities that use this drug can be remote; cattle are literally found in their millions and people ...

Effects of heavy metals on biomarkers for oxidative stress in Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Espín, Silvia; Martínez-López, Emma; Jiménez, Pedro; María-Mojica, Pedro; García-Fernández, Antonio J.

2014-01-01

Metals are involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may result in metal-related oxidative stress that can lead to oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and proteins. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of metal toxicity in wild birds, and the concentrations that cause effects on oxidative stress biomarkers. The aim of this study is to assess the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with regards to oxidative stress in blood samples of 66 Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from two areas of the Autonomous Community of Valencia (East of Spain). The two study areas (Alcoy n=36 and Cinctorres n=30) were selected as random locations of interest that had not yet been studied, and are feeding stations where supplementary food, mainly of pork origin, is provided for vultures. Given that the two study areas are not considered polluted sites, we expected to find low metal concentrations. However, there are no known threshold concentrations at which metals can affect antioxidant systems, and low metal levels may have an effect on antioxidant biomolecules. In this study, since sampling was done at the beginning of the hunting season, the low Pb levels found in most Griffon vultures from Alcoy and Cinctorres (median=12.37 and 16.26 μg/dl, respectively) are suggestive of background levels usually found in vultures that feed on pork carcasses all year round. The ingestion of game meat with bullet fragments in carcasses or with Pb shots embedded in the flesh could be the cause of the high blood Pb concentrations found in three vultures from Cinctorres (83, 290 and 362 μg/dl). Griffon vultures feeding in Cinctorres had enhanced CAT and GST activities and tGSH concentrations, which may be interpreted as protective response against the higher TBARS levels. This study provides threshold concentrations at which metals affect antioxidant system derived from 66 samples of Griffon vulture. Blood Cd concentrations

Effects of heavy metals on biomarkers for oxidative stress in Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Espín, Silvia, E-mail: silvia.espin@um.es [Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia (Spain); Martínez-López, Emma, E-mail: emmaml@um.es [Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia (Spain); Jiménez, Pedro, E-mail: pjjm@um.es [Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia (Spain); María-Mojica, Pedro, E-mail: pmmojica@um.es [Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia (Spain); “Santa Faz” Wildlife Recovery Centre, Comunidad Valenciana, Alicante (Spain); García-Fernández, Antonio J., E-mail: ajgf@um.es [Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia (Spain)

2014-02-01

Metals are involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may result in metal-related oxidative stress that can lead to oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and proteins. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of metal toxicity in wild birds, and the concentrations that cause effects on oxidative stress biomarkers. The aim of this study is to assess the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with regards to oxidative stress in blood samples of 66 Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from two areas of the Autonomous Community of Valencia (East of Spain). The two study areas (Alcoy n=36 and Cinctorres n=30) were selected as random locations of interest that had not yet been studied, and are feeding stations where supplementary food, mainly of pork origin, is provided for vultures. Given that the two study areas are not considered polluted sites, we expected to find low metal concentrations. However, there are no known threshold concentrations at which metals can affect antioxidant systems, and low metal levels may have an effect on antioxidant biomolecules. In this study, since sampling was done at the beginning of the hunting season, the low Pb levels found in most Griffon vultures from Alcoy and Cinctorres (median=12.37 and 16.26 μg/dl, respectively) are suggestive of background levels usually found in vultures that feed on pork carcasses all year round. The ingestion of game meat with bullet fragments in carcasses or with Pb shots embedded in the flesh could be the cause of the high blood Pb concentrations found in three vultures from Cinctorres (83, 290 and 362 μg/dl). Griffon vultures feeding in Cinctorres had enhanced CAT and GST activities and tGSH concentrations, which may be interpreted as protective response against the higher TBARS levels. This study provides threshold concentrations at which metals affect antioxidant system derived from 66 samples of Griffon vulture. Blood Cd concentrations

Molecular sexing of threatened Gyps vultures: an important strategy for conservation breeding and ecological studies

OpenAIRE

Ghorpade, Prabhakar B; Gupta, Praveen K; Prakash, Vibhu; Cuthbert, Richard J; Kulkarni, Mandar; Prakash, Nikita; Das, Asit; Sharma, Anil K; Saini, Mohini

2012-01-01

During the last two decades populations of three resident species of Gyps vulture have declined dramatically and are now threatened with extinction in South Asia. Sex identification of vultures is of key importance for the purpose of conservation breeding as it is desirable to have an equal sex ratio in these monogamous species which are housed together in large colony aviaries. Because vultures are monomorphic, with no differences in external morphology or plumage colour between the sexes, o...

Do power lines and protected areas present a catch-22 situation for Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres)?

Science.gov (United States)

Phipps, W Louis; Wolter, Kerri; Michael, Michael D; MacTavish, Lynne M; Yarnell, Richard W

2013-01-01

Cape vulture Gyps coprotheres populations have declined across their range due to multiple anthropogenic threats. Their susceptibility to fatal collisions with the expanding power line network and the prevalence of carcasses contaminated with illegal poisons and other threats outside protected areas are thought to be the primary drivers of declines in southern Africa. We used GPS-GSM units to track the movements and delineate the home ranges of five adult (mean ±SD minimum convex polygon area = 121,655±90,845 km(2)) and four immature (mean ±SD minimum convex polygon area = 492,300±259,427 km(2)) Cape vultures to investigate the influence of power lines and their use of protected areas. The vultures travelled more than 1,000 km from the capture site and collectively entered five different countries in southern Africa. Their movement patterns and core foraging ranges were closely associated with the spatial distribution of transmission power lines and we present evidence that the construction of power lines has allowed the species to extend its range to areas previously devoid of suitable perches. The distribution of locations of known Cape vulture mortalities caused by interactions with power lines corresponded to the core ranges of the tracked vultures. Although some of the vultures regularly roosted at breeding colonies located inside protected areas the majority of foraging activity took place on unprotected farmland. Their ability to travel vast distances very quickly and the high proportion of time they spend in the vicinity of power lines and outside protected areas make Cape vultures especially vulnerable to negative interactions with the expanding power line network and the full range of threats across the region. Co-ordinated cross-border conservation strategies beyond the protected area network will therefore be necessary to ensure the future survival of threatened vultures in Africa.

Lead toxicosis of captive vultures: case description and responses to chelation therapy

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Background Lead, a serious threat for raptors, can hamper the success of their conservation. This study reports on experience with accidental lead intoxication and responses to chelation therapy in captive Cinereous (Aegypius monachus) and Egyptian (Neophron percnopterus) Vultures. Results Soil contamination by lead-based paint sanded off the steel aviary resulted in poisoning of eight Cinereous and two Egyptian Vultures. A male Egyptian Vulture developed signs of apathy, polydipsia, polyuria, regurgitation, and stupor, and died on the next day. Liver, kidney and blood lead concentrations were 12.2, 8.16 and 2.66 μg/g, respectively. Laboratory analyses confirmed severe liver and kidney damage and anaemia. Blood Pb levels of Pb-exposed Cinereous Vultures were 1.571 ± 0.510 μg/g shortly after intoxication, decreased to 0.530 ± 0.165 μg/g without any therapy in a month and to 0.254 ± 0.097 μg/g one month after CaNa2EDTA administration. Eight months later, blood lead levels decreased to close to the background of the control group. Blood parameters of healthy Pb-non-exposed Cinereous Vultures were compared with those of the exposed group prior to and after chelation therapy. Iron levels in the lead-exposed pre-treatment birds significantly decreased after chelation. Haematocrit levels in Pb-exposed birds were significantly lower than those of the controls and improved one month after chelation. Creatine kinase was higher in pre-treatment birds than in the controls but normalised after therapy. Alkaline phosphatase increased after chelation. A marked increase in the level of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive species was demonstrated in birds both prior to and after chelation. The ferric reducing antioxidant power was significantly lower in pre-treatment vultures and returned to normal following chelation therapy. Blood metallothionein levels in lead-exposed birds were higher than in controls. Reduced glutathione dropped after

Lead toxicosis of captive vultures: case description and responses to chelation therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Pikula, Jiri; Hajkova, Pavlina; Bandouchova, Hana; Bednarova, Ivana; Adam, Vojtech; Beklova, Miroslava; Kral, Jiri; Ondracek, Karel; Osickova, Jitka; Pohanka, Miroslav; Sedlackova, Jana; Skochova, Hana; Sobotka, Jakub; Treml, Frantisek; Kizek, Rene

2013-01-16

Lead, a serious threat for raptors, can hamper the success of their conservation. This study reports on experience with accidental lead intoxication and responses to chelation therapy in captive Cinereous (Aegypius monachus) and Egyptian (Neophron percnopterus) Vultures. Soil contamination by lead-based paint sanded off the steel aviary resulted in poisoning of eight Cinereous and two Egyptian Vultures. A male Egyptian Vulture developed signs of apathy, polydipsia, polyuria, regurgitation, and stupor, and died on the next day. Liver, kidney and blood lead concentrations were 12.2, 8.16 and 2.66 μg/g, respectively. Laboratory analyses confirmed severe liver and kidney damage and anaemia. Blood Pb levels of Pb-exposed Cinereous Vultures were 1.571 ± 0.510 μg/g shortly after intoxication, decreased to 0.530 ± 0.165 μg/g without any therapy in a month and to 0.254 ± 0.097 μg/g one month after CaNa(2)EDTA administration. Eight months later, blood lead levels decreased to close to the background of the control group. Blood parameters of healthy Pb-non-exposed Cinereous Vultures were compared with those of the exposed group prior to and after chelation therapy. Iron levels in the lead-exposed pre-treatment birds significantly decreased after chelation. Haematocrit levels in Pb-exposed birds were significantly lower than those of the controls and improved one month after chelation. Creatine kinase was higher in pre-treatment birds than in the controls but normalised after therapy. Alkaline phosphatase increased after chelation. A marked increase in the level of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive species was demonstrated in birds both prior to and after chelation. The ferric reducing antioxidant power was significantly lower in pre-treatment vultures and returned to normal following chelation therapy. Blood metallothionein levels in lead-exposed birds were higher than in controls. Reduced glutathione dropped after CaNa(2)EDTA therapy, while

Effects of Vehicle Speed on Flight Initiation by Turkey Vultures: Implications for Bird-Vehicle Collisions

Science.gov (United States)

DeVault, Travis L.; Blackwell, Bradley F.; Seamans, Thomas W.; Lima, Steven L.; Fernández-Juricic, Esteban

2014-01-01

The avoidance of motorized vehicles is a common challenge for birds in the modern world. Birds appear to rely on antipredator behaviors to avoid vehicles, but modern vehicles (automobiles and aircraft) are faster than natural predators. Thus, birds may be relatively ill-equipped, in terms of sensory capabilities and behaviors, to avoid vehicles. We examined the idea that birds may be unable to accurately assess particularly high speeds of approaching vehicles, which could contribute to miscalculations in avoidance behaviors and ultimately cause collisions. We baited turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) to roads with animal carcasses and measured flight initiation distance and effective time-to-collision in response to a truck driving directly towards vultures from a starting distance of 1.13 km and at one of three speeds: 30, 60, or 90 kph (no vultures were struck). Flight initiation distance of vultures increased by a factor of 1.85 as speed increased from 30 to 90 kph. However, for 90-kph approaches there was no clear trend in flight initiation distance across replicates: birds appeared equally likely to initiate escape behavior at 40 m as at 220 m. Time-to-collision decreased by a factor of 0.62 with approach speeds from 30 to 90 kph. Also, at 90 kph, four vehicle approaches (17%) resulted in near collisions with vultures (time-to-collision ≤1.7 s), compared to none during 60 kph approaches and one during 30 kph approaches (4%). Our findings suggest that antipredator behaviors in turkey vultures, particularly stimulus processing and response, might not be well tuned to vehicles approaching at speeds ≥90 kph. The possible inability of turkey vultures to react appropriately to high-speed vehicles could be common among birds, and might represent an important determinant of bird-vehicle collisions. PMID:24503622

La evidencialidad en el castellano andino nariñense

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Portilla Melo Omar Andrés

2010-12-01

Full Text Available En este texto se hace una descripción de un fenómeno de transferencia semánticopragmática a nivel modal del quechua al castellano andino de la región nariñense. El trabajo está organizado de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, se introduce el concepto de evidencialidad; después, se hace una breve descripción histórica del quechua y una introducción a su tipología, y, finalmente, se explica la manera en que el contacto lingüístico quechua-español le dio al castellano andino nariñense los aspectos que lo caracterizan. La metodología usada fue la entrevista etnográfica. Como resultado se obtuvo que la influencia del quechua en el castellano del departamento de Nariño no se dio solamente a nivel léxico o sintáctico, sino que alcanzó niveles más profundos.

La evidencialidad en el castellano andino nariñense

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ómar Andrés Portilla Melo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este texto se hace una descripción de un fenómeno de transferencia semánticopragmática a nivel modal del quechua al castellano andino de la región nariñense. El trabajo está organizado de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, se introduce el concepto de evidencialidad; después, se hace una breve descripción histórica del quechua y una introducción a su tipología, y, finalmente, se explica la manera en que el contacto lingüístico quechua-español le dio al castellano andino nariñense los aspectos que lo caracterizan. La metodología usada fue la entrevista etnográfica. Como resultado se obtuvo que la influencia del quechua en el castellano del departamento de Nariño no se dio solamente a nivel léxico o sintáctico, sino que alcanzó niveles más profundos.

Assessing species habitat using Google Street View: a case study of cliff-nesting vultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Olea, Pedro P; Mateo-Tomás, Patricia

2013-01-01

The assessment of a species' habitat is a crucial issue in ecology and conservation. While the collection of habitat data has been boosted by the availability of remote sensing technologies, certain habitat types have yet to be collected through costly, on-ground surveys, limiting study over large areas. Cliffs are ecosystems that provide habitat for a rich biodiversity, especially raptors. Because of their principally vertical structure, however, cliffs are not easy to study by remote sensing technologies, posing a challenge for many researches and managers working with cliff-related biodiversity. We explore the feasibility of Google Street View, a freely available on-line tool, to remotely identify and assess the nesting habitat of two cliff-nesting vultures (the griffon vulture and the globally endangered Egyptian vulture) in northwestern Spain. Two main usefulness of Google Street View to ecologists and conservation biologists were evaluated: i) remotely identifying a species' potential habitat and ii) extracting fine-scale habitat information. Google Street View imagery covered 49% (1,907 km) of the roads of our study area (7,000 km²). The potential visibility covered by on-ground surveys was significantly greater (mean: 97.4%) than that of Google Street View (48.1%). However, incorporating Google Street View to the vulture's habitat survey would save, on average, 36% in time and 49.5% in funds with respect to the on-ground survey only. The ability of Google Street View to identify cliffs (overall accuracy = 100%) outperformed the classification maps derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) (62-95%). Nonetheless, high-performance DEM maps may be useful to compensate Google Street View coverage limitations. Through Google Street View we could examine 66% of the vultures' nesting-cliffs existing in the study area (n = 148): 64% from griffon vultures and 65% from Egyptian vultures. It also allowed us the extraction of fine-scale features of cliffs

A mass poisoning of White-Backed and Lappet-Faced Vultures in Gonarezhou National Park

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groom, R.J.; Gandiwa, E.; Gandiwa, P.; Westhuizen, H.F.

2013-01-01

In this article we report a mass poisoning of vultures in the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe. This was one of the largest mass killings of vultures ever recorded and the largest recorded in Zimbabwe. On many of the carcasses the upper beaks were removed, suggesting the involvement of

Foraging range and habitat use by Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres from the Msikaba colony, Eastern Cape province, South Africa

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Morgan B. Pfeiffer

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Despite the extent of subsistence farmland in Africa, little is known about endangered species that persist within them. The Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres is regionally endangered in southern Africa and at least 20% of the population breeds in the subsistence farmland area previously known as the Transkei in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. To understand their movement ecology, adult Cape Vultures (n = 9 were captured and fitted with global positioning system/global system for mobile transmitters. Minimum convex polygons (MCPs,and 99% and 50% kernel density estimates (KDEs were calculated for the breeding and non breeding seasons of the Cape Vulture. Land use maps were constructed for each 99% KDE and vulture locations were overlaid. During the non-breeding season, ranges were slightly larger(mean [± SE] MCP = 16 887 km2 ± 366 km2 than the breeding season (MCP = 14 707 km2 ± 2155 km2. Breeding and non-breeding season MCPs overlapped by a total of 92%. Kernel density estimates showed seasonal variability. During the breeding season, Cape Vultures used subsistence farmland, natural woodland and protected areas more than expected. In the non-breeding season, vultures used natural woodland and subsistence farmland more than expected, and protected areas less than expected. In both seasons, human-altered landscapes were used less, except for subsistence farmland. Conservation implications: These results highlight the importance of subsistence farm land to the survival of the Cape Vulture. Efforts should be made to minimise potential threats to vultures in the core areas outlined, through outreach programmes and mitigation measures.The conservation buffer of 40 km around Cape Vulture breeding colonies should be increased to 50 km.

Homesick vulture moves into retirement village

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

Mar 1, 2007 ... contact him on (031) 785-2981. Raptor. Rescue is based at the newly opened. African Bird of Prey Centre on the Lion. Park road where other vultures and many species of hawks, owls and eagles are on display. This is also where Hoffman's wife, Shannon, and her team, present daily flying demonstrations.

Congregations of wintering Egyptian Vultures Neophron ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nearly half of the birds were adults and the majority roosted on bird-safe types of electric pylons. Most of the Egyptian Vultures were found below 500 m above sea level, in bare areas, open savannas or grasslands, and their abundance was negatively related to the amount of cover of bush vegetation. The distribution of ...

The effect of wind farms on vultures in northern Spain - fatalities behaviour and correction measures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camina, Alvaro

2011-07-01

Full text: Spain is one of the leading countries on wind energy, accounting for 20,155 MW installed by 2010. The study has been made in a large area, 300 km long and 50 km width, extending over eight provinces accounting for 170 wind farms and 4605 turbines. 89 wind farms were sampled between 2001 and 2009 for bird fatalities. Collisions involved 2191 griffon vultures Gyps fulvus, the most affected species with 75% of them being adult birds. Other species colliding were the cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus (2 individuals) and the Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus (4 individuals). Around 5-10% of turbines caused up to 60% of fatalities and mortality was temporally clumped and related with the species biology. It was lower in January- February while griffons are incubating, increasing in March when hatching. Then, it was reduced until September with a new increase at November-December. In order to explain causes in detail and reduce mortality a pilot study was carried out in a portion of this area (10 wind farms and 267 turbines) from 2005 to the present. Due to high mortality rates on griffons, 33 turbines were shut down by authorities in June 2008. Relationships between flight altitude at turbines area with both weather conditions and landscape features were analysed by means of statistical parametric GLM models. Results included air temperature; turbine features such as its slope and time of the year as significant variables. On the other side, the European policy against the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) also contributed to increase both mortality and vulture.s crossings through the turbines. Closure of vulture restaurants and carcass removal in the area caused food lacking for these birds. Then, they were forced to feed from a rubbish dump close to the turbines. Correction measures such as opening vulture restaurants since June 2009 and ceasing droppings at the rubbish dump significantly reduced flying rates of griffons to previous levels. In

Diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat with reference to Gyps vulture population declines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taggart, M.A. [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL (United Kingdom); School of Biological Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UU (United Kingdom); Cuthbert, R. [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL (United Kingdom)]. E-mail: richard.cuthbert@rspb.org.uk; Das, D. [Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai, 400023 (India); Sashikumar, C. [Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Mumbai, 400023 (India); Pain, D.J. [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL (United Kingdom); Green, R.E. [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL (United Kingdom); Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ (United Kingdom); Feltrer, Y. [Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent' s Park, London, NW1 4RY (United Kingdom); Shultz, S. [Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL (United Kingdom); Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent' s Park, London, NW1 4RY (United Kingdom); Cunningham, A.A. [Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent' s Park, London, NW1 4RY (United Kingdom); Meharg, A.A. [School of Biological Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UU (United Kingdom)

2007-05-15

Gyps vultures across India are declining rapidly and the NSAID diclofenac has been shown to be the major cause. Vultures scavenge livestock carcasses that have been treated with diclofenac within the days preceding death. We present data on diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat, and field data on the prevalence of diclofenac in carcases in the environment. In the disposition experiment, animals were treated with a single intramuscular injection of diclofenac at 1000 {mu}g kg{sup -1} bw. In cow, diclofenac was detectable in liver, kidney and intestine up to 71 h post-treatment; in plasma, half-life was 12.2 h. In goat, tissue residues were undetectable after 26 h. Prevalence of diclofenac in liver from 36 dead livestock collected in the field was 13.9%. Data suggest that diclofenac residues in Indian cow and goat are short-lived, but diclofenac prevalence in carcasses available to vultures may still be very high. - Residual diclofenac in livestock carcasses in India poses a continuing risk to Gyps vultures.

Diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat with reference to Gyps vulture population declines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taggart, M.A.; Cuthbert, R.; Das, D.; Sashikumar, C.; Pain, D.J.; Green, R.E.; Feltrer, Y.; Shultz, S.; Cunningham, A.A.; Meharg, A.A.

2007-01-01

Gyps vultures across India are declining rapidly and the NSAID diclofenac has been shown to be the major cause. Vultures scavenge livestock carcasses that have been treated with diclofenac within the days preceding death. We present data on diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat, and field data on the prevalence of diclofenac in carcases in the environment. In the disposition experiment, animals were treated with a single intramuscular injection of diclofenac at 1000 μg kg -1 bw. In cow, diclofenac was detectable in liver, kidney and intestine up to 71 h post-treatment; in plasma, half-life was 12.2 h. In goat, tissue residues were undetectable after 26 h. Prevalence of diclofenac in liver from 36 dead livestock collected in the field was 13.9%. Data suggest that diclofenac residues in Indian cow and goat are short-lived, but diclofenac prevalence in carcasses available to vultures may still be very high. - Residual diclofenac in livestock carcasses in India poses a continuing risk to Gyps vultures

Assessing species habitat using Google Street View: a case study of cliff-nesting vultures.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro P Olea

Full Text Available The assessment of a species' habitat is a crucial issue in ecology and conservation. While the collection of habitat data has been boosted by the availability of remote sensing technologies, certain habitat types have yet to be collected through costly, on-ground surveys, limiting study over large areas. Cliffs are ecosystems that provide habitat for a rich biodiversity, especially raptors. Because of their principally vertical structure, however, cliffs are not easy to study by remote sensing technologies, posing a challenge for many researches and managers working with cliff-related biodiversity. We explore the feasibility of Google Street View, a freely available on-line tool, to remotely identify and assess the nesting habitat of two cliff-nesting vultures (the griffon vulture and the globally endangered Egyptian vulture in northwestern Spain. Two main usefulness of Google Street View to ecologists and conservation biologists were evaluated: i remotely identifying a species' potential habitat and ii extracting fine-scale habitat information. Google Street View imagery covered 49% (1,907 km of the roads of our study area (7,000 km². The potential visibility covered by on-ground surveys was significantly greater (mean: 97.4% than that of Google Street View (48.1%. However, incorporating Google Street View to the vulture's habitat survey would save, on average, 36% in time and 49.5% in funds with respect to the on-ground survey only. The ability of Google Street View to identify cliffs (overall accuracy = 100% outperformed the classification maps derived from digital elevation models (DEMs (62-95%. Nonetheless, high-performance DEM maps may be useful to compensate Google Street View coverage limitations. Through Google Street View we could examine 66% of the vultures' nesting-cliffs existing in the study area (n = 148: 64% from griffon vultures and 65% from Egyptian vultures. It also allowed us the extraction of fine-scale features of

Levels of blood lead in Griffon vultures from a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

González, Fernando; López, Irene; Suarez, Laura; Moraleda, Virginia; Rodríguez, Casilda

2017-09-01

Lead is considered a highly toxic contaminant with important impacts to bird wildlife. Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) are a sensitive indicator of the level of environmental contamination due to their position at the top of the food chain and their dependence on human activities. The aim of this study was to assess susceptibility to lead intoxication in Griffon vultures admitted to Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (WRC), measuring blood lead levels and determining if blood lead concentrations are related to clinical signs, hematological, biochemical or radiographic findings. Also, the influence of age, gender, body condition, season and primary cause of admission were evaluated. This study was realized in all Griffon vultures admitted during a period of one year in the Rehabilitation Center GREFA. Blood lead levels are measured by using anodic stripping voltammetry. In Griffon vultures, we observed that 26% of the analyzed birds presented lead levels above 20µg/dL with 74% below 20µg/dL ([Pb] lead according to sex, season of admission to the center and body condition. A negative correlation was found between levels of metal and hematocrit. No association was found between clinical signs and blood lead levels in Griffon vultures, except for digestive signs as stasis and weight loss. On numerous occasions, the intoxication in this specie is related to ingestion of lead ammunition; however, we have not detected radiographic lead in our vultures. Compared with other studies, we generally found low levels of lead in blood of Griffon vultures but the blood of all birds admitted to WRC presented detectable lead concentrations. This species apparently presents a higher sensibility to the toxic effects of this metal than that described by other authors. It have been observed that there is some evidence that suggests that subclinical levels of lead could be related with a predisposition to injury or diseases, even though these birds might be admitted for other causes. The

Trade in Andean Condor Vulture gryphus feathers and body parts in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

body parts in the city of Cusco and the Sacred Valley,. Cusco region, Peru. Robert S. R. ... The sale of Andean Condor feathers and body parts is undertaken openly in the tourist markets of Cusco and the Sacred .... and shops. Prices in local currency – Nuevo Sol and US Dollar equivalent given in parentheses). Feather.

Trade in Andean Condor Vulture gryphus feathers and body parts in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

commitments under international conventions and act immediately to stop this illegal trade, which is further threatening a species that is already in a precarious situation. Resumen. La venta de ... level (IUCN 2011) and Endangered in Peru.

Molecular sexing of threatened Gyps vultures: an important strategy for conservation breeding and ecological studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghorpade, Prabhakar B; Gupta, Praveen K; Prakash, Vibhu; Cuthbert, Richard J; Kulkarni, Mandar; Prakash, Nikita; Das, Asit; Sharma, Anil K; Saini, Mohini

2012-12-01

During the last two decades populations of three resident species of Gyps vulture have declined dramatically and are now threatened with extinction in South Asia. Sex identification of vultures is of key importance for the purpose of conservation breeding as it is desirable to have an equal sex ratio in these monogamous species which are housed together in large colony aviaries. Because vultures are monomorphic, with no differences in external morphology or plumage colour between the sexes, other methods are required for sex identification. Molecular methods for sex identification in birds rely on allelic length or nucleotide sequence discrimination of the chromohelicase-DNA binding (CHD) gene located on male and female chromosomes ZZ and ZW, respectively. We characterized the partial sequences of CHD alleles from Gyps indicus, Gyps bengalensis, Gyps himalayensis and Aegypius monachus and analysed the applicability of five molecular methods of sex identification of 46 individual vultures including 26 known-sex G. bengalensis and G. indicus. The results revealed that W-specific PCR in combination with ZW-common PCR is a quick, accurate and simple method, and is ideal for sex identification of vultures. The method is also suitable to augment ecological studies for identifying sex of these endangered birds during necropsy examinations especially when gonads are not apparent, possibly due to regression during non-breeding seasons.

Avian Pox in Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Vulture Cathartes aura meridionalis was captured for wing-tagging on San. Francisco, Zulia state, Venezuela. (10°32'15"N, -71°38'10"W). Nodular cutaneous lesions were observed on the head (Figure 1A). Sections of the skin were removed and fixed in 10% buffer formalin and submitted to. Laboratorio de. Diagnostico.

Observation of a population of Egyptian Vultures Neophron ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Forest between 2013 and 2014 in Karnataka, southern India. ... could affect other animals and humans (Ogada ... Nepal (Cuthbert et al. .... most people are Hindu and therefore .... Bathing behavior and waterhole importance of white-rumped vulture ... strategies in a flock-living bird: movement and social cohesion of hooded.

Observation of a population of Egyptian Vultures Neophron ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227- 267. Baral, N., R. Gautam & B. Tamang .2005. Population status and breeding ecology of White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Rampur Valley,. Nepal. Forktail 21: 87-91. Brandl, R., Utschick, H & Schmidtke, K. 1985. Raptors and land-use systems.

Food safety in scavenger conservation: Diet-associated exposure to livestock pharmaceuticals and opportunist mycoses in threatened Cinereous and Egyptian vultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Blanco, Guillermo; Junza, Alexandra; Barrón, Dolores

2017-01-01

Pharmaceuticals from veterinary treatments may enter terrestrial food webs when medicated livestock are available to wildlife in supplementary feeding stations aimed at the conservation of endangered scavengers. Here, we hypothesized that the exposure risk to livestock fluoroquinolones, as indicators of pharmaceutical burden in food, is related to the variable reliance of scavengers on domestic versus wild animal carcasses. Since the misuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a major predisposing factor for opportunistic mycoses, we evaluated disease signs potentially associated with diet-dependent drug exposure in nestlings of two threatened vultures. A greater occurrence (100%, n=14) and concentration of fluoroquinolones (mean±SD=73.0±27.5µgL -1 , range=33.2-132.7), mostly enrofloxacin, were found in Cinereous vultures, Aegypius monachus, due to their greater dependence on livestock carcasses than Egyptian vultures, Neophron percnopterus (fluoroquinolones occurrence: 44%, n=16, concentration: 37.9±16.6µgL -1 , range=11.5-55.9), which rely much more on carcasses of wild animals (42% of remains vs. 23% in the cinereous vulture). The chaotic, chronic and pulsed ingestion of these drugs throughout nestling development is proposed as one of the most plausible explanations for the high occurrence and intensity of oral Candida-like lesions in nestling vultures. The high occurrence of fluoroquinolone residues and disease hindered the probing of a cause-effect relationship between both factors in individual vultures. This relationship could be evaluated through a population-based approach by sampling vultures not exposed to these drugs. The high dependence of vultures on domestic animals today compared to past decades and the growing intensification of livestock farming, imply an expected increase in the impact of pharmaceuticals on scavenger populations. This requires further evaluation due to potential consequences in biodiversity conservation and environmental health

The vultures at the crossroads of biodiversity, politics, tourism, the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ZeldaH

... (Orabi 2011), or by consuming carcasses of cattle treated ... in the functioning of communities (Choisy. 2003). ... eaten by vultures at small feeding sites operated by ... water supplies can be polluted. The ..... The integrated biogeographic and.

Maintenance of syntenic groups between Cathartidae and Gallus gallus indicates symplesiomorphic karyotypes in new world vultures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcella M. Tagliarini

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Similarities between New World and Old World vultures have been interpreted to reflect a close relationship and to suggest the inclusion of both in Accipitridae (Falconiformes. However, deeper analyses indicated that the placement of the New World vultures (cathartids in this Order is uncertain. Chromosome analysis has shown that cathartids retained a karyotype similar to the putative avian ancestor. In order to verify the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in cathartids, we hybridized whole chromosome probes of two species (Gallus gallus and Leucopternis albicollis onto metaphases of Cathartes aura. The results showed that not only were the syntenic groups conserved between Gallus and C. aura, but probably also the general gene order, suggesting that New World vultures share chromosomal symplesiomorphies with most bird lineages.

The impact of urbanization and agricultural development on vultures ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

along an urban to forest gradient (dense downtown areas, suburbs, rural villages and farms ... negatively on many species, including .... landuse, this having more animals ..... behavior of black and turkey vultures: implications for reducing bird– .... Brazil: species richness and abundance and the influence of the survey.

A breeding site record of Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus (Aves: Accipitriformes: Accipitridae from Bejjur Reserve Forest, Telangana, India

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Swetha Stotrabhashyam

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus is, Critically Endangered with few known breeding sites in peninsular India.  We present a previously undocumented Long-billed Vulture breeding site in Bejjur Reserve Forest, Adilabad District, northern Telangana.

Report on Kwando (Botswana) Vulture poisoning investigation 16 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

2013-11-16

Nov 16, 2013 ... and only two white-back vulture remains were found. Although no tusks were present, we saw no evidence of chopping of the maxilla on this elephant skull. It is possible that all three carcasses were poisoned, but the majority of the dead birds were found at Carcass 1 and 2. Both carcasses were further ...

The population decline of Gyps vultures in India and Nepal has slowed since veterinary use of diclofenac was banned.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vibhu Prakash

Full Text Available Populations of oriental white-backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis, long-billed vulture (Gyps indicus and slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris crashed during the mid-1990s throughout the Indian subcontinent. Surveys in India, initially conducted in 1991-1993 and repeated in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2007, revealed that the population of Gyps bengalensis had fallen by 2007 to 0.1% of its numbers in the early 1990s, with the population of Gyps indicus and G. tenuirostris combined having fallen to 3.2% of its earlier level. A survey of G. bengalensis in western Nepal indicated that the size of the population in 2009 was 25% of that in 2002. In this paper, repeat surveys conducted in 2011 were analysed to estimate recent population trends. Populations of all three species of vulture remained at a low level, but the decline had slowed and may even have reversed for G. bengalensis, both in India and Nepal. However, estimates of the most recent population trends are imprecise, so it is possible that declines may be continuing, though at a significantly slower rate. The degree to which the decline of G. bengalensis in India has slowed is consistent with the expected effects on population trend of a measured change in the level of contamination of ungulate carcasses with the drug diclofenac, which is toxic to vultures, following a ban on its veterinary use in 2006. The most recent available information indicates that the elimination of diclofenac from the vultures' food supply is incomplete, so further efforts are required to fully implement the ban.

The decline of an urban Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Likely causes are (1) exponential urbanisation resulting in loss of feeding sites and reduced food availability, (2) increased poisoning of feral dogs with strychnine sulphate due to an upsurge of rabies and (3) increased disappearance of suitable trees for nesting and roosting. Keywords: cutting of trees, Hooded Vulture, ...

Pathology and proposed pathophysiology of diclofenac poisoning in free-living and experimentally exposed oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis)

Science.gov (United States)

Meteyer, C.U.; Rideout, B.A.; Gilbert, M.; Shivaprasad, H.L.; Oaks, J.L.

2005-01-01

Oriental white-backed vultures (Gyps bengalensis; OWBVs) died of renal failure when they ingested diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in tissues of domestic livestock. Acute necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules in these vultures was severe. Glomeruli, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules were relatively spared in the vultures that had early lesions. In most vultures, however, lesions became extensive with large urate aggregates obscuring renal architecture. Inflammation was minimal. Extensive urate precipitation on the surface and within organ parenchyma (visceral gout) was consistently found in vultures with renal failure. Very little is known about the physiologic effect of NSAIDs in birds. Research in mammals has shown that diclofenac inhibits formation of prostaglandins. We propose that the mechanism by which diclofenac induces renal failure in the OWBV is through the inhibition of the modulating effect of prostaglandin on angiotensin II-mediated adrenergic stimulation. Renal portal valves open in response to adrenergic stimulation, redirecting portal blood to the caudal vena cava and bypassing the kidney. If diclofenac removes a modulating effect of prostaglandins on the renal portal valves, indiscriminant activation of these valves would redirect the primary nutrient blood supply away from the renal cortex. Resulting ischemic necrosis of the cortical proximal convoluted tubules would be consistent with our histologic findings in these OWBVs.

Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres caught in gin trap

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

its right foot fly into its nest situated on a cliff face and containing a large chick. The chain used to tether the trap to the ground could be clearly seen dangling below the flying bird. We have no way of knowing whether the deployment of this trap was accidental or intentional relative to its having caught a Cape Vulture.

A survey of White-rumped Vultures Gyps bengalensis in Gujarat ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-09-02

Sep 2, 2007 ... During the field survey, 73.1% of the vultures were found soaring, 13.7% were perching on trees and/or the ground, while 13.2% were observed feeding on ..... A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian subcontinent. Bombay ...

The importance of the nutritive value of old bones in the diet of Bearded vultures Gypaetus barbatus.

Science.gov (United States)

Margalida, Antoni; Villalba, Daniel

2017-08-14

Vultures are central-place foragers and need to optimize their foraging behaviour to offset travel costs by increasing their energy gain. This process is more obvious in certain vulture species that do not feed their young by regurgitation and so must carry food items back to the nest. The Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus is the only species with a bone-diet based. We analysed the chemical composition of bones and the age-related changes in their nutritive value to assess the differences in energy content between bones of differing age, body part and species. We found differences between specific anatomical parts, species and the age of the bones. Fresh bones contain 108% as much energy as fresh meat and, interestingly, dry bones retain 90% of the protein found in fresh bones. Dry femurs weighing 140 g retain enough protein to be comparable to 111 g of fresh meat, in energy terms. Compared to meat-eating species, the specialized osteophagous diet of the Bearded Vulture seems to have certain advantages. A better understanding of nutrient levels in food remains could help to improve theoretical foraging models, assist in conservation management, and even improve our understanding of the use of bones by early hominids.

Traditional medicine trade in vulture parts in northern Nigeria | Saidu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

We report findings on the vulture trade in northern Nigeria, where it is commonly practised especially to supply the traditional medicine industry. We administered an open-ended questionnaire to 113 traditional, predominantly Hausa medicinal traders in 39 markets within eight states in northern Nigeria. Of the interviewed ...

How cheap is soaring flight in raptors? A preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Duriez, Olivier; Kato, Akiko; Tromp, Clara; Dell'Omo, Giacomo; Vyssotski, Alexei L; Sarrazin, François; Ropert-Coudert, Yan

2014-01-01

Measuring the costs of soaring, gliding and flapping flight in raptors is challenging, but essential for understanding their ecology. Among raptors, vultures are scavengers that have evolved highly efficient soaring-gliding flight techniques to minimize energy costs to find unpredictable food resources. Using electrocardiogram, GPS and accelerometer bio-loggers, we report the heart rate (HR) of captive griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus and G. himalayensis) trained for freely-flying. HR increased three-fold at take-off (characterized by prolonged flapping flight) and landing (>300 beats-per-minute, (bpm)) compared to baseline levels (80-100 bpm). However, within 10 minutes after the initial flapping phase, HR in soaring/gliding flight dropped to values similar to baseline levels, i.e. slightly lower than theoretically expected. However, the extremely rapid decrease in HR was unexpected, when compared with other marine gliders, such as albatrosses. Weather conditions influenced flight performance and HR was noticeably higher during cloudy compared to sunny conditions when prolonged soaring flight is made easier by thermal ascending air currents. Soaring as a cheap locomotory mode is a crucial adaptation for vultures who spend so long on the wing for wide-ranging movements to find food.

Las dinámicas de comercialización de la quinua en los países andinos: ¿qué oportunidades y retos para la agricultura familiar campesina?

OpenAIRE

Baudoin, Andrea; Lacroix, Pierril; Bazile, Didier; Chia, Eduardo

2014-01-01

La revalorización de la quinua despierta muchos intereses tanto en los países andinos como europeos y americanos. Este producto andino antes marginado y circunscrito al autoconsumo ha entrado en la dieta de la población urbana de los países andinos y su consumo se difunde en EEUU, Europa y en otras partes del mundo. En los Andes los precios en chacra aumentan y el sector quinuero ha pasado a ser un sector atractivo para las inversiones. De esta chenopodiácea se está comercializando una gran v...

Cholos, incas y fusionistas: El nuevo Perú y la globalización de lo andino

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Annelou Ypeij

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract:   Cholos, incas and fusionistas: The New Peru and the Globalization of 'Lo Andino'This Exploration deals with the cultural changes in Peru from the year 2000. Peru has become a society with more economic, political, social and global opportunities. Within this context, significant cultural changes can be noted. This essay explores cultural expressions such as the weaving associations of the women of Chinchero, the Peruvian cuisine and the rock band Uchpa. All have in common that they reinterpret 'lo andino', or what it is to be Andean, and that they integrate globalized elements. Based on this, a new identity becomes apparent which surpasses the known categories of ethnicity and class.Resumen:Esta exploración trata sobre los cambios culturales en Perú a partir del año 2000. Perú se ha convertido en una sociedad con más oportunidades económicas, políticas, sociales y globales. En este contexto se pueden notar cambios culturales significantes. El ensayo explora expresiones culturales como las asociaciones de tejidos de las mujeres de Chinchero, la gastronomía peruana y la banda de rock Uchpa. Todas tienen en común que reinterpretan lo andino y que integran elementos globalizados. Basándose en ello, surge una nueva identidad que sobrepasa las conocidas categorías de etnicidad y de clase.

Environmental drivers of variability in the movement ecology of turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) in North and South America.

Science.gov (United States)

Dodge, Somayeh; Bohrer, Gil; Bildstein, Keith; Davidson, Sarah C; Weinzierl, Rolf; Bechard, Marc J; Barber, David; Kays, Roland; Brandes, David; Han, Jiawei; Wikelski, Martin

2014-01-01

Variation is key to the adaptability of species and their ability to survive changes to the Earth's climate and habitats. Plasticity in movement strategies allows a species to better track spatial dynamics of habitat quality. We describe the mechanisms that shape the movement of a long-distance migrant bird (turkey vulture, Cathartes aura) across two continents using satellite tracking coupled with remote-sensing science. Using nearly 10 years of data from 24 satellite-tracked vultures in four distinct populations, we describe an enormous amount of variation in their movement patterns. We related vulture movement to environmental conditions and found important correlations explaining how far they need to move to find food (indexed by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and how fast they can move based on the prevalence of thermals and temperature. We conclude that the extensive variability in the movement ecology of turkey vultures, facilitated by their energetically efficient thermal soaring, suggests that this species is likely to do well across periods of modest climate change. The large scale and sample sizes needed for such analysis in a widespread migrant emphasizes the need for integrated and collaborative efforts to obtain tracking data and for policies, tools and open datasets to encourage such collaborations and data sharing.

Devil's Claw – a natural substitute for diclofenac? | Mundy | Vulture ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vulture News. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 67, No 2 (2014) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register · Download this PDF file. The PDF file you selected should load here if your ...

Effectiveness of Action in India to Reduce Exposure of Gyps Vultures to the Toxic Veterinary Drug Diclofenac

Science.gov (United States)

Cuthbert, Richard; Taggart, Mark A.; Prakash, Vibhu; Saini, Mohini; Swarup, Devendra; Upreti, Suchitra; Mateo, Rafael; Chakraborty, Soumya Sunder; Deori, Parag; Green, Rhys E.

2011-01-01

Contamination of their carrion food supply with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac has caused rapid population declines across the Indian subcontinent of three species of Gyps vultures endemic to South Asia. The governments of India, Pakistan and Nepal took action in 2006 to prevent the veterinary use of diclofenac on domesticated livestock, the route by which contamination occurs. We analyse data from three surveys of the prevalence and concentration of diclofenac residues in carcasses of domesticated ungulates in India, carried out before and after the implementation of a ban on veterinary use. There was little change in the prevalence and concentration of diclofenac between a survey before the ban and one conducted soon after its implementation, with the percentage of carcasses containing diclofenac in these surveys estimated at 10.8 and 10.7%, respectively. However, both the prevalence and concentration of diclofenac had fallen markedly 7–31 months after the implementation of the ban, with the true prevalence in this third survey estimated at 6.5%. Modelling of the impact of this reduction in diclofenac on the expected rate of decline of the oriental white-backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis) in India indicates that the decline rate has decreased to 40% of the rate before the ban, but is still likely to be rapid (about 18% year−1). Hence, further efforts to remove diclofenac from vulture food are still needed if the future recovery or successful reintroduction of vultures is to be feasible. PMID:21589920

Ochre Bathing of the Bearded Vulture: A Bio-Mimetic Model for Early Humans towards Smell Prevention and Health

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Helmut Tributsch

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Since primordial times, vultures have been competing with man for animal carcasses. One of these vultures, the once widespread bearded vulture ( Gypaetus barbatus , has the habit of bathing its polluted feathers and skin in red iron oxide - ochre - tainted water puddles. Why? Primitive man may have tried to find out and may have discovered its advantages. Red ochre, which has accompanied human rituals and everyday life for more than 100,000 years, is not just a simple red paint for decoration or a symbol for blood. As modern experiments demonstrate, it is active in sunlight producing aggressive chemical species. They can kill viruses and bacteria and convert smelly organic substances into volatile neutral carbon dioxide gas. In this way, ochre can in sunlight sterilize and clean the skin to provide health and comfort and make it scentless, a definitive advantage for nomadic meat hunters. This research thus also demonstrates a sanitary reason for the vulture’s habit of bathing in red ochre mud. Prehistoric people have therefore included ochre use into their rituals, especially into those in relation to birth and death. Significant ritual impulses during evolution of man may thus have developed bio-mimetically, inspired from the habits of a vulture. It is discussed how this health strategy could be developed to a modern standard helping to fight antibiotics-resistant bacteria in hospitals.

Lo andino en los murales de Jesús Flores Walpaq

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Mario Leandro Arce De Piero

2018-04-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo exploramos los modos en que lo andino se construye en la producción muralística del artista plástico Jesús Flores Walpq. Nos enfocamos en la definición de rasgos que configuran el centro representacional de lo andino y el proceso de deslizamientos semánticos y retóricos en la enunciación. A medida que el artista fue construyéndose como enunciador autorizado, la construcción del relato en el mural fue variando considerablemente. Si bien no se registran diferencias radicales en el empleo del color, la forma, la línea, etc. sí es significativa la variación en cuanto a la retórica que incorpora al indio en el discurso pictórico. El recorrido parte de la observación de los cambios en la construcción del yo-artista, que parte de la problematización del rol de productor de arte académico hasta plantear rol de “obrero del arte” comprometido con su contexto político, ideológico y artístico. Esto significó para Flores Walpaq adherir a las luchas reivindicatorias por los derechos indígenas. En conjunto, este texto nos lleva a problematizar sobre las condiciones de producción de la pregunta por la identidad en este contexto y las respuestas que los sujetos ensayan y modifican.

Bird-strike of a Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Bird-strike of a Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Alvaro Camiña1* and Joan ... http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v71i1.3. On 15 September 2016 a Lufthansa flight en route from Munich ... nautical miles from runway 24L. Considering the altitude of the area of around 100 meters, the bird ...

An analysis of bones and other materials collected by Cape Vultures ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

We compared bones and non-faunal items collected by Cape Vultures at the Blouberg and Kransberg colonies. Bones from the base of the nesting cliffs were on average longer than those from the crops and stomachs of birds. Bones from the Blouberg cliff base were on average shorter than those from the Kransberg.

El poblamiento en el siglo XVI. Contrastes entre el Caribe y el interior andino

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Marta Herrera Ángel

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Hablar de poblamiento en el Caribe o en el interior andino y, en general, en América en el siglo XVI, desde la perspectiva de la población que lo habitaba, resulta en buena medida un contrasentido, ya que lo que tuvo lugar en la mayor parte de este continente a lo largo del siglo XVI y buena parte del XVII , como consecuencia de la invasión europea. fue un intenso y continuado proceso de despoblamiento. Ese proceso, en todo caso, no significó la desaparición de la población nativa que, por lo menos hasta finales del siglo XVII y comienzos del siglo XVIII, continuó siendo la población mayoritaria en buena parte del territorio. Pero además, es de resaltar que en las llanuras del Caribe colombiano, así como en el interior andino, al igual que en muchas otras partes del territorio americano, el proceso de despoblamiento que tuvo lugar desde finales del siglo XV no fue compensado por el arribo de pobladores de otros continentes.

Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology to breed vultures for Parsis

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Hyderabad – Parsis worried about the growing pile of bodies in their 'Towers of Silence' can take heart. The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. (CCMB) has decided to take up, on an express basis, the job of breeding vultures, which can later be transported to various parts of the country. Though the problem of ...

Bioética y justicia ambiental en la salud de los pobladores andinos de Perú

Science.gov (United States)

Alcantara Zapata, Diana E.; Mazzei Pimental, Marinella

2018-01-01

Este artículo intenta plasmar el panorama bioético-ambiental de la salud del poblador que habita en la sierra peruana, remarcando la inequidad en el acceso a los servicios de salud que existe en esta región y reflexionando sobre las posibles causas contextuales, históricas y actuales que han originado diferencias entre el poblador andino del incanato y el poblador andino actual, el cambio de cosmovisón sobre el ambiente y los recursos, el deterioro del enfoque de justicia, solidaridad, bienestar y respeto hacia el ser humano y la naturaleza. Además, se describe la salud desde el escenario histórico de esta región, donde la salud pública tiene y tendrá como desafío la aplicación de programas que respondan a las necesidades específicas de esta población, con un enfoque dirigido hacia lo ambiental. PMID:29708219

Diclofenac toxicity in Gyps vulture is associated with decreased uric acid excretion and not renal portal vasoconstriction.

Science.gov (United States)

Naidoo, V; Swan, G E

2009-04-01

Diclofenac (DF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is largely regarded as one of the most devastating environmental toxicant in recent times, after accidental exposure via their food-chain lead to massive mortalities in three vulture species on the Asian subcontinent. Although the use of diclofenac was recently banned on the Indian subcontinent, following the favourable safety profile of meloxicam, its mechanism of toxicity remains unknown. In an attempt to establish this mechanism, we test three hypotheses using models established from either the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) or the African White-backed vulture (Gyps africanus). We demonstrate that both DF and meloxicam are toxic to renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells following 12 h of exposure, due to an increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be temporarily ameliorated by pre-incubation with uric acid (UA). When cultures were incubated with either drug for only 2 h, meloxicam showed no toxicity in contrast to diclofenac. In both cases no increase in ROS production was evident. In addition, diclofenac decreased the transport of uric acid, by interfering with the p-amino-hippuric acid (PAH) channel. We conclude that vulture susceptibility to diclofenac results from a combination of an increased ROS, interference with UA transport and the duration of exposure.

New Data About Breeding of the Cinereous Vulture in the Republic of Altai, Russia

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Elena P. Snayder

2016-02-01

Full Text Available A new step in our knowledge on Cinereous Vulture spreading in Altai was done at the end of July of 2015 when a new breeding colony was found in the canyon of river Kyziilshin that belongs to the basin of Chagan-Uzun River. In total, we found four nest – two of them were empty, but the other two possessed the signs of being used by the vultures in the present year. Checking of the one of those nests yielded us a nice views on a full-fledged nestling. The four newly-found nests located in a row along the river. The distance between the neighboring nests were 0.26 km, 0.16 km and 0.43 km respectively. The spacing between the occupied nests was 0.43 km. The distance between the newly found colony in the canyon of Kyziilshin and the old one in the canyon of Chagan-Uzun is 4.62 km average.

Head color and caruncles of sympatric Cathartes vultures (Aves Cathartidae) in Guyana and their possible function in intra- and interspecific signaling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Graves, Gary R.

2016-01-01

The naked heads of Cathartes vultures are widely believed to be adaptations for temperature regulation and to reduce plumage fouling during carrion feeding. Bright head color and the elaborate pattern of caruncles on the head and neck skin have a likely function in intra- and interspecific...... signaling. These integumentary characters have been difficult to study because of extensive postmortem color fading and shrinkage in museum specimens. Here I provide the first detailed description of head color and caruncles of the Greater Yellow-headed Vulture (C. melambrotus) from freshly collected...

La dimensión jurídica del derecho comunitario andino

OpenAIRE

Rodero García, Radday

2015-01-01

En ningún lugar se hace tan patente la urgencia de una superación de la tradicional vinculación del Derecho Público al Estado-nación, como en el caso de la región andina. Tanto quienes se dedican a la teoría como a la práctica del Derecho Público en nuestra región son testigos, y frecuentemente actores, del formidable desarrollo del Derecho Público nacido en paralelo a la integración comunitaria andina. Así, este nuevo Derecho público andino aparece como la dimensión jurídico-pública de un es...

How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating?

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Joan Bertran

2016-02-01

Full Text Available In colonial breeding species, preventive measures to reduce the risks of extra-pair copulations (EPCs should reflect the actual risk perceived by males (e.g., proximity of neighbors, intrusions into the nest mainly during the fertile period. In colonial vultures, specific studies examining the preventive measures that minimize the risks of EPCs occurring within the competitive context of colonial breeding have not been conducted. Here we tested at Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus nesting sites the intensity of paternity assurance behavior, shown as frequency and duration of within-pair copulations (WPCs, potential mate vigilance or nest attendance, and levels of aggressivity. This was measured according to the frequency of territorial intrusions and comparison of the fertile vs. the non-fertile period. Our findings suggest that the frequency of WPCs and their duration increased significantly during the presumed fertile period, regarded as the period when Griffon pairs spent significantly more time together at their nests. In addition, low levels of territorial intrusions were observed, an aggressive response of pairs towards intruders, and a relatively high presence of pairs at the nests during the fertile period. Thus, although nesting sites are subject to low exposure to EPC attempts, the increased frequency and duration of copulations during the fertile period suggests that, under pressure from the colonial breeding system, a higher rate of copulations is the most effective preventive mechanism against relative uncertainty of paternity.

A balanced solution to the cumulative threat of industrialized wind farm development on cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) in south-eastern Europe

Science.gov (United States)

Whitfield, D. Philip; Kati, Vassiliki

2017-01-01

Wind farm development can combat climate change but may also threaten bird populations’ persistence through collision with wind turbine blades if such development is improperly planned strategically and cumulatively. Such improper planning may often occur. Numerous wind farms are planned in a region hosting the only cinereous vulture population in south-eastern Europe. We combined range use modelling and a Collision Risk Model (CRM) to predict the cumulative collision mortality for cinereous vulture under all operating and proposed wind farms. Four different vulture avoidance rates were considered in the CRM. Cumulative collision mortality was expected to be eight to ten times greater in the future (proposed and operating wind farms) than currently (operating wind farms), equivalent to 44% of the current population (103 individuals) if all proposals are authorized (2744 MW). Even under the most optimistic scenario whereby authorized proposals will not collectively exceed the national target for wind harnessing in the study area (960 MW), cumulative collision mortality would still be high (17% of current population) and likely lead to population extinction. Under any wind farm proposal scenario, over 92% of expected deaths would occur in the core area of the population, further implying inadequate spatial planning and implementation of relevant European legislation with scant regard for governmental obligations to protect key species. On the basis of a sensitivity map we derive a spatially explicit solution that could meet the national target of wind harnessing with a minimum conservation cost of less than 1% population loss providing that the population mortality (5.2%) caused by the operating wind farms in the core area would be totally mitigated. Under other scenarios, the vulture population would probably be at serious risk of extinction. Our ‘win-win’ approach is appropriate to other potential conflicts where wind farms may cumulatively threaten wildlife

A balanced solution to the cumulative threat of industrialized wind farm development on cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus in south-eastern Europe.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dimitris P Vasilakis

Full Text Available Wind farm development can combat climate change but may also threaten bird populations' persistence through collision with wind turbine blades if such development is improperly planned strategically and cumulatively. Such improper planning may often occur. Numerous wind farms are planned in a region hosting the only cinereous vulture population in south-eastern Europe. We combined range use modelling and a Collision Risk Model (CRM to predict the cumulative collision mortality for cinereous vulture under all operating and proposed wind farms. Four different vulture avoidance rates were considered in the CRM. Cumulative collision mortality was expected to be eight to ten times greater in the future (proposed and operating wind farms than currently (operating wind farms, equivalent to 44% of the current population (103 individuals if all proposals are authorized (2744 MW. Even under the most optimistic scenario whereby authorized proposals will not collectively exceed the national target for wind harnessing in the study area (960 MW, cumulative collision mortality would still be high (17% of current population and likely lead to population extinction. Under any wind farm proposal scenario, over 92% of expected deaths would occur in the core area of the population, further implying inadequate spatial planning and implementation of relevant European legislation with scant regard for governmental obligations to protect key species. On the basis of a sensitivity map we derive a spatially explicit solution that could meet the national target of wind harnessing with a minimum conservation cost of less than 1% population loss providing that the population mortality (5.2% caused by the operating wind farms in the core area would be totally mitigated. Under other scenarios, the vulture population would probably be at serious risk of extinction. Our 'win-win' approach is appropriate to other potential conflicts where wind farms may cumulatively threaten

COMUNEROS ANDINOS EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN CHILENA (ARICA, 1880-1929

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ALBERTO DÍAZ ARAYA

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Resumen Se evalúa el impacto generado en los sectores rurales andinos de Arica por la implementación de la estructura y burocracia administrativa chilena post Guerra del Pacífico. A través de registros documentales se hace explícita la participación de comuneros indígenas en la trama estatal chilena en un período de conflicto político y de identidades nacionales. Palabras claves: Comunidad andina – administración chilena – Arica y Tacna. Abstract Assesses the impact generated in the rural Andes Arica for implementing the administrative structure and bureaucracy in Chile after the Pacific War. Through documentary record makes explicit the participation of indigenous community members in the plot Chilean state over a period of political and national identities. Keywords : Andean Community - Chilean government - Arica and Tacna.

Testing the goodness of supplementary feeding to enhance population viability in an endangered vulture.

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Daniel Oro

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Human-predator conflicts are directly or indirectly threatening many species with extinction. Thus, biologists are urged to find simple solutions to complex situations while avoiding unforeseen conservation outcomes. The provision of supplementary food at artificial feeding sites (AFS is frequently used in the conservation of scavenger bird populations currently suffering from indirect poisoning, although no scientific studies on its effectiveness have been conducted. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a long-term data set of 95 individually marked birds from the largest European core of the endangered bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus to test the long-term effects of specific AFS for bearded vultures on their survival rates (by CMR models and population dynamics (by Monte Carlo simulations in an area where fatalities derived from illegal poisoning and the use of other toxics like veterinary drugs have increased over the last several years. Our data support the positive relationship between the use of AFS and survival. However, contrary to theoretical predictions (e.g. high and more stable adult survival among long-lived species, the use of AFS increased only survival of pre-adults. Moreover, AFS buffered the effects of illegal poisoning on this age-class, while adult survival decreased over years. Our simulations predicted a maximum value of extinction probability over a time horizon of 50 years. Population projections run with survival rates expected in scenarios without poisoning predicted the situation of least conservation concern, while including only AFS can maintain a large floater surplus that may delay population decline but fails to reduce poisoning risk among adults. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Although AFS are not effective to save bearded vultures from an expected population decline, they delay population extinction and can be a useful tool for prolonging population viability while combating illegal and indirect

LAS ELECCIONES DIRECTAS EN EL PARLAMENTO ANDINO. UN CAMINO PARA FORTALECER SU PAPEL COMO INSTITUCIÓN PROMOTORA DE LA INTEGRACIÓN

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Silvana Insignares Cera

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El Parlamento Andino atraviesa por una serie de inconvenientes que le impiden cumplir su papel como órgano fundamental e institución promotora de la integración andina. A pesar de los intentos plasmados en los tratados constitutivos de la Comunidad, no se ha podido lograr que irradie su identidad legitimadora y fortalezca el carácter democrático fundamental para la evolución del proceso de integración en la Comunidad Andina. Las elecciones directas son una herramienta para que el Parlamento Andino se convierta en un pilar a nivel de las instituciones comunitarias, que permita reforzar el concepto de ciudadanía andina, así como la participación política de los pueblos de los Estados miembros, para que no continúen de espaldas al proceso unificador y se conviertan en pueblo unitario, actor relevante de la comunidad internacional.

Table scraps: inter-trophic food provisioning by pumas.

Science.gov (United States)

Elbroch, L Mark; Wittmer, Heiko U

2012-10-23

Large carnivores perform keystone ecological functions through direct predation, or indirectly, through food subsidies to scavengers or trophic cascades driven by their influence on the distributions of their prey. Pumas (Puma concolor) are an elusive, cryptic species difficult to study and little is known about their inter-trophic-level interactions in natural communities. Using new GPS technology, we discovered that pumas in Patagonia provided 232 ± 31 kg of edible meat/month/100 km(2) to near-threatened Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) and other members of a diverse scavenger community. This is up to 3.1 times the contributions by wolves (Canis lupus) to communities in Yellowstone National Park, USA, and highlights the keystone role large, solitary felids play in natural systems. These findings are more pertinent than ever, for managers increasingly advocate controlling pumas and other large felids to bolster prey populations and mitigate concerns over human and livestock safety, without a full understanding of the potential ecological consequences of their actions.

VULTURES: EXEGESIS OF A SYMBOL

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Maura Andreoni

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Depending on the different cultures and historical periods, vultures have been considered both impure or sacred. But, since they usually do not prey upon living animals, their symbolic dimension, associated to the idea of purification, is present in many myths, religions, burial praxis of ancient populations and remains in some religions today.In the ancient Mediterranean civilizations, they have been carved in some of the most ancient bas-reliefs of the history by stone age people; were sacred to Egyptians, who even took them as symbol of gods; in the classical times they were supposed to be all feminine and breed by parthenogenesis, and therefore appreciated by some early Christian authors, who came to comparing them even to the Virgin Mary; they have been studied and described by ancient scientists, naturalists, philosophers, playwrights; involved in many of the most enduring Greek and Roman myths and legends; many parts of their body were considered as a medicine or even a talisman for happiness; and they were so proverbial for Romans to become even one of the symbols of the founding of Rome itself.But they were also so fragile that perfumes, myrrh and pomegranates were supposed to be lethal for them ….

Susceptibility to infection and immune response in insular and continental populations of Egyptian vulture: implications for conservation.

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Laura Gangoso

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: A generalized decline in populations of Old World avian scavengers is occurring on a global scale. The main cause of the observed crisis in continental populations of these birds should be looked for in the interaction between two factors -- changes in livestock management, including the increased use of pharmaceutical products, and disease. Insular vertebrates seem to be especially susceptible to diseases induced by the arrival of exotic pathogens, a process often favored by human activities, and sedentary and highly dense insular scavengers populations may be thus especially exposed to infection by such pathogens. Here, we compare pathogen prevalence and immune response in insular and continental populations of the globally endangered Egyptian vulture under similar livestock management scenarios, but with different ecological and evolutionary perspectives. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adult, immature, and fledgling vultures from the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula were sampled to determine a the prevalence of seven pathogen taxa and b their immunocompetence, as measured by monitoring techniques (white blood cells counts and immunoglobulins. In the Canarian population, pathogen prevalence was higher and, in addition, an association among pathogens was apparent, contrary to the situation detected in continental populations. Despite that, insular fledglings showed lower leukocyte profiles than continental birds and Canarian fledglings infected by Chlamydophila psittaci showed poorer cellular immune response. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A combination of environmental and ecological factors may contribute to explain the high susceptibility to infection found in insular vultures. The scenario described here may be similar in other insular systems where populations of carrion-eaters are in strong decline and are seriously threatened. Higher susceptibility to infection may be a further factor contributing decisively to the extinction

Globalización, nuevas dinámicas urbanas y estrategias de integración de migrantes andinos indocumentados en Suiza

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Angela Stienen

2003-01-01

integración de migrantes indocumentados. En este estudio de caso sobre migrantes indocumentados de países andinos, se discuten los diferentes patrones de su integración social y económica en Suiza, relacionándolos con la aparición de territorios urbanos contestatarios durante los años 80 y el auge de una nueva clase media urbana durante los 90.

The Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Carprofen, Flunixin and Phenylbutazone in the Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres following Oral Exposure.

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Tamsyn Fourie

Full Text Available The following study evaluates the overt toxic potential of carprofen (CRP, flunixin (FXN and phenylbutazone (PBZ in Old world vultures in relation to historic toxicity data for diclofenac and ketoprofen, with the Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheres being the indicator species. The toxic potential of a single oral dose of CRP (11.5 mg/kg, FXN (1 mg/kg,PBZ (1.7 mg/kg or water was evaluated by means of a four-way parallel study (n = 2, as means of ascertaining if these drugs were as toxic as diclofenac in the vulture. No unscheduled deaths or pathological lesions were noted following exposure. Clinical signs of lethargy and depression were, however, noted in one CRP, two FXN and one PBZ treated birds. Mild reversible inhibition of UA excretion was evident in all three groups, although UA remained within the population reference interval in contrast to the effects previously described for diclofenac and ketoprofen. All treatment groups had a drug concentration responsive increase in alanine transferase activity. CRP, FXN and PBZ were characterised by a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax of 1051.8 ± 620.7 ng/ml, 335.9 ± 36.3 ng/ml and 11150 ± 2474.9 ng/ml at 4 ± 4.3, 0.45 ± 0.02 and 5.3 ± 5.2 hours (Tmax respectively and a half-life of elimination of 13.3 ±5, 1.8±1 and 18.7 ±11.4 hours respectively. While we could not demonstrate a lethal effect of the tested substances, the presence of toxic clinical signs, clinical pathological changes and/or long half-lives of elimination suggests that all three drugs have a potential for toxicity in a larger population or on repeat administration. In conclusion while the studied substances were not as overtly toxic as diclofenac, they are of safety concern.

The Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Carprofen, Flunixin and Phenylbutazone in the Cape Vulture (Gyps coprotheres) following Oral Exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Fourie, Tamsyn; Cromarty, Duncan; Duncan, Neil; Wolter, Kerri; Naidoo, Vinny

2015-01-01

The following study evaluates the overt toxic potential of carprofen (CRP), flunixin (FXN) and phenylbutazone (PBZ) in Old world vultures in relation to historic toxicity data for diclofenac and ketoprofen, with the Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheres) being the indicator species. The toxic potential of a single oral dose of CRP (11.5 mg/kg), FXN (1 mg/kg),PBZ (1.7 mg/kg) or water was evaluated by means of a four-way parallel study (n = 2), as means of ascertaining if these drugs were as toxic as diclofenac in the vulture. No unscheduled deaths or pathological lesions were noted following exposure. Clinical signs of lethargy and depression were, however, noted in one CRP, two FXN and one PBZ treated birds. Mild reversible inhibition of UA excretion was evident in all three groups, although UA remained within the population reference interval in contrast to the effects previously described for diclofenac and ketoprofen. All treatment groups had a drug concentration responsive increase in alanine transferase activity. CRP, FXN and PBZ were characterised by a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 1051.8 ± 620.7 ng/ml, 335.9 ± 36.3 ng/ml and 11150 ± 2474.9 ng/ml at 4 ± 4.3, 0.45 ± 0.02 and 5.3 ± 5.2 hours (Tmax) respectively and a half-life of elimination of 13.3 ±5, 1.8±1 and 18.7 ±11.4 hours respectively. While we could not demonstrate a lethal effect of the tested substances, the presence of toxic clinical signs, clinical pathological changes and/or long half-lives of elimination suggests that all three drugs have a potential for toxicity in a larger population or on repeat administration. In conclusion while the studied substances were not as overtly toxic as diclofenac, they are of safety concern.

El impacto del TLC frente al derecho comunitario andino

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Marcel Tangarife Torres

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En esta conferencia analiza el impacto del Tratado de Libre Comercio que se celebrará entre la República de Colombia y los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica frente al Derecho Comunitario Andino, con gran importancia en los temas relacionados con la propiedad intelectual. Adicional a lo anterior se suma un aspecto trascendental y es la supervivencia de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones y en este sentido se cuestiona la coexistencia de las normas comunitarias en relación con las previstas en el Tratado de Libre Comercio. De esta manera, se examina el marco constitucional del Tratado de Libre Comercio y del Acuerdo de Cartagena, para así determinar las características que tienen esta clase de tratados y con ello establecer el nivel jerárquico que le corresponden dentro del ordenamiento jurídico Colombiano. Finalmente se observa la prevalencía de las normas del Acuerdo de Cartagena y el Tratado de Libre Comercio o viceversa, para con ello encontrar soluciones frente a los posibles conflictos de normas que se pueden presentar por la coexistencia de dichas normatividades.

Relación del gradiente interior-borde de fragmentos de bosque andino sobre la comunidad de murciélagos en Encino (Santander, Colombia

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Aída Otálora Ardila

2005-01-01

área total y tienen una densidad de 0,39 parches/ha. Los índices calculados revelan que los bosques andinos tienen un menor proceso de fragmentación que los subandinos representado en fragmentos más grandes y más cercanos. El paisaje ha sido muy transformado pues el 90,4% de los fragmentos son

Using Wind Tunnels to Predict Bird Mortality in Wind Farms: The Case of Griffon Vultures

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de Lucas, Manuela; Ferrer, Miguel; Janss, Guyonne F. E.

2012-01-01

Background: Wind farms have shown a spectacular growth during the last 15 years. Avian mortality through collision with moving rotor blades is well-known as one of the main adverse impacts of wind farms. In Spain, the griffon vulture incurs the highest mortality rates in wind farms. Methodology/Principal Findings: As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to predict flight trajectories of birds in order to foresee potentially dangerous areas for wind farm development. We analyse topo...

Spatial and temporal movements in Pyrenean bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus): Integrating movement ecology into conservation practice.

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Margalida, Antoni; Pérez-García, Juan Manuel; Afonso, Ivan; Moreno-Opo, Rubén

2016-10-25

Understanding the movement of threatened species is important if we are to optimize management and conservation actions. Here, we describe the age and sex specific spatial and temporal ranging patterns of 19 bearded vultures Gypaetus barbatus tracked with GPS technology. Our findings suggest that spatial asymmetries are a consequence of breeding status and age-classes. Territorial individuals exploited home ranges of about 50 km 2 , while non-territorial birds used areas of around 10 000 km 2 (with no seasonal differences). Mean daily movements differed between territorial (23.8 km) and non-territorial birds (46.1 km), and differences were also found between sexes in non-territorial birds. Daily maximum distances travelled per day also differed between territorial (8.2 km) and non-territorial individuals (26.5 km). Territorial females moved greater distances (12 km) than males (6.6 km). Taking into account high-use core areas (K20), Supplementary Feeding Sites (SFS) do not seem to play an important role in the use of space by bearded vultures. For non-territorial and territorial individuals, 54% and 46% of their home ranges (K90), respectively, were outside protected areas. Our findings will help develop guidelines for establishing priority areas based on spatial use, and also optimize management and conservation actions for this threatened species.

Griffon vulture mortality at wind farms in southern Spain: Distribution of fatalities and active mitigation measures

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Lucas, Manuela de; Ferrer, Miguel; Bechard, Mark J.; Muñoz, Antonio R.

2012-01-01

Wind is increasingly being used as a renewable energy source around the world. Avian mortality is one of the negative impacts of wind energy and a new technique that reduces avian collision rates is necessary. Using the most frequently-killed species, the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), we studied its mortality at 13 wind farms in Tarifa, Cadiz, Spain, before (2006-2007) and after (2008-2009) when selective turbine stopping programs were implemented as a mitigation measure. Ten wind farms (tot...

Pathologic bone tissues in a Turkey vulture and a nonavian dinosaur: implications for interpreting endosteal bone and radial fibrolamellar bone in fossil dinosaurs.

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Chinsamy, Anusuya; Tumarkin-Deratzian, Allison

2009-09-01

We report on similar pathological bone microstructure in an extant turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) and a nonavian dinosaur from Transylvania. Both these individuals exhibit distinctive periosteal reactive bone deposition accompanied by endosteal bone deposits in the medullary cavity. Our findings have direct implications on the two novel bone tissues recently described among nonavian dinosaurs, radial fibrolamellar bone tissue and medullary bone tissue. On the basis of the observed morphology of the periosteal reactive bone in the turkey vulture and the Transylvanian dinosaur, we propose that the radial fibrolamellar bone tissues observed in mature dinosaurs may have had a pathological origin. Our analysis also shows that on the basis of origin, location, and morphology, pathologically derived endosteal bone tissue can be similar to medullary bone tissues described in nonavian dinosaurs. As such, we caution the interpretation of all endosteally derived bone tissue as homologous to avian medullary bone. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Procesos de transformación de los bosques andinos en la microcuenca del río Guacha, Encino, Santander (1978-1994-2006.

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Wilson Fernando Gómez Anaya

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En Colombia, los ecosistemas andinos presentan fuerte intervención demográfica y económica, por consiguiente los paisajes naturales son transformados y fragmentados en el tiempo. El presente artículo profundiza en la escala local sobre los procesos de transformación del paisaje mediante un estudio integrado del mismo y su evolución durante los últimos 28 años. Los resultados identifican 28 geosistemas en la microcuenca, de los cuales doce contienen un paisaje antrópico y trece conservan un grado de naturalidad alto, así mismo se registró una tendencia a la estabilidad de los procesos de cambio. Los bosques andinos presentan una pérdida de 7,37 ha por año o una tasa de 0,23 %, y las zonas con mayor intervención están asociadas a áreas núcleo, por ende aumentan los efectos de borde y fragmentación. Los resultados permitirán planificar la microcuenca a partir de los procesos históricos de uso y la condición del paisaje, para así facilitar la construcción de alternativas de uso y conservación de los geosistemas.

Using Africa's protected area network to estimate the global population of a threatened and declining species: a case study of the Critically Endangered White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis.

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Murn, Campbell; Mundy, Peter; Virani, Munir Z; Borello, Wendy D; Holloway, Graham J; Thiollay, Jean-Marc

2016-02-01

The White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis (WhV) is uncommon and largely restricted to protected areas across its range in sub-Saharan Africa. We used the World Database on Protected Areas to identify protected areas (PAs) likely to contain White-headed Vultures. Vulture occurrence on road transects in Southern, East, and West Africa was adjusted to nests per km(2) using data from areas with known numbers of nests and corresponding road transect data. Nest density was used to calculate the number of WhV nests within identified PAs and from there extrapolated to estimate the global population. Across a fragmented range, 400 PAs are estimated to contain 1893 WhV nests. Eastern Africa is estimated to contain 721 nests, Central Africa 548 nests, Southern Africa 468 nests, and West Africa 156 nests. Including immature and nonbreeding birds, and accounting for data deficient PAs, the estimated global population is 5475 - 5493 birds. The identified distribution highlights are alarming: over 78% (n = 313) of identified PAs contain fewer than five nests. A further 17% (n = 68) of PAs contain 5 - 20 nests and 4% (n = 14) of identified PAs are estimated to contain >20 nests. Just 1% (n = 5) of PAs are estimated to contain >40 nests; none is located in West Africa. Whilst ranging behavior of WhVs is currently unknown, 35% of PAs large enough to hold >20 nests are isolated by more than 100 km from other PAs. Spatially discrete and unpredictable mortality events such as poisoning pose major threats to small localized vulture populations and will accelerate ongoing local extinctions. Apart from reducing the threat of poisoning events, conservation actions promoting linkages between protected areas should be pursued. Identifying potential areas for assisted re-establishment via translocation offers the potential to expand the range of this species and alleviate risk.

Detecting diclofenac in livestock carcasses in India with an ELISA: A tool to prevent widespread vulture poisoning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saini, Mohini; Taggart, Mark A.; Knopp, Dietmar; Upreti, Suchitra; Swarup, Devendra; Das, Asit; Gupta, Praveen K.; Niessner, Reinhard; Prakash, Vibhu; Mateo, Rafael; Cuthbert, Richard J.

2012-01-01

Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has caused catastrophic vulture declines across the Indian sub-continent. Here, an indirect ELISA is used to detect and quantify diclofenac in 1251 liver samples from livestock carcasses collected across India between August 2007 and June 2008, one to two years after a ban on diclofenac manufacture and distribution for veterinary use was implemented. The ELISAs applicability was authenticated with independent data obtained using LC–ESI/MS. Of 1251 samples, 1150 (91.9%) were negative for diclofenac using both methods, and 60 (4.8%) were positive at 10–4348 and 10–4441 μg kg −1 when analysed by ELISA and LC–ESI/MS, respectively. The residue level relationship in the 60 positive samples was highly significant (p 2 = 0.644). Data suggest that this immunological assay could be used not only for cost effective sample screening, but also for residue level semi-quantification. - Highlights: ► An ELISA is validated for use in diclofenac monitoring. ► We compare ELISA and LC–ESI/MS data for 1251 samples. ► Results indicate the ELISA can be reliably used for screening and semi-quantification. ► In 2007–2008, in India, around 1 in 20 ungulate carcasses contained detectable diclofenac. - The prevalence of diclofenac in carcasses available to vultures in India has declined from around 1:10 to 1:20 since restrictions on veterinary use were first put in place in 2006.

Anfibios andinos del Perú fuera de Áreas Naturales Protegidas: amenazas y estado de conservación

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César Aguilar

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Presentamos una lista actualizada de los anfibios presentes en Perú y para las especies andinas (con distribución altitudinal sobre los 1000 m de altitud se informa sobre su categoría según la UICN, los endémicos de Perú, sus amenazas y su presencia dentro del SINANPE. Hasta el año 2010 se conocen 538 especies de anfibios; 110 especies fueron registradas entre el año 2003 y el 2010; aproximadamente una especie descrita por mes. De las 110 especies descritas desde el 2003, 77 fueron andinas y 64% de éstas se encuentran fuera del SINANPE. En total son reconocidas 235 especies andinas, el 80% son endémicas de Perú y 58% de éstas se encuentran fuera del SINANPE. Noventaiun especies andinas están en categorías de amenaza y en la categoría de Casi Amenazado, y 53% de éstas se encuentran fuera del SINANPE. Los géneros Telmatobius y Atelopus, así como las familias Centrolenidae y Strabomantidae, presentan los porcentajes más altos de especies andinas con categorías de amenaza y Casi Amenazado. Para 83 (36% especies de anfibios andinos presentes en Perú, la principal amenaza es la pérdida del hábitat. Otras amenazas que se presentan en menores porcentajes son la quitridiomicosis, degradación del hábitat y sobrexplotación. Se recomienda el fomento de áreas de conservación privadas para las especies de anfibios andinos presentes en Perú con categorías de amenaza, endémicas y que no están dentro del SINANPE.

Indicios indirectos de la presencia del oso andino (Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier, 1825 en el noroeste de Argentina Indirect evidence on the presence of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier, 1825 in northwestern Argentina

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J. Fernando Del Moral

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La presencia de osos andinos (Tremarctos ornatus en Argentina ha sido muy discutida debido a la ausencia de evidencia confirmativa. Muchos expertos en el oso dudan actualmente de su presencia en el país. No obstante, la Selva Tucumano-Boliviana o de Yungas es un ecosistema típico donde se puede encontrar esta especie; particularmente en el área estudiada, el hábitat parece ser de alta calidad para los osos. Entre los años 2001 y 2006, se recopilaron 23 casos de evidencia sobre la presencia de osos andinos en las provincias de Salta y Jujuy. Se registraron huellas, restos alimenticios y heces. Adicionalmente, se entrevistó a nativos, agricultores y cazadores para colectar otros datos sobre la especie. Se concluye que las selvas de Yungas del extremo noroeste de Argentina, deben ser consideradas un área con alta probabilidad de mantener una población residente de osos andinos. Aunque posiblemente esta sea una población aislada y pequeña, la presencia permanente de osos andinos en el noroeste de Argentina no debería ser puesta en duda.The presence of Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus in Argentina has been disputed due to the absence of confirming evidence. Many Andean bear experts currently doubt on their presence in this country. Nevertheless, the Tucuman-Bolivian Forest or Yungas is a typical ecosystem where this species can be found, particularly in the studied area, in which the habitat appears to be of high quality for bears. Between 2001 and 2006, 23 cases of evidence on the presence of Andean bears in the provinces of Salta and Jujuy were recorded. Footprints, food remains and scats were found. In addition, natives, farmers, and hunters where interviewed to collect new data of this species. The conclusion is that the Yungas Forest of northwestern Argentina must be considered an area with high probability of maintaining a resident population of Andean bears. Although this is probably a small and perhaps isolated population, the

Estudio de la Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp., cultivo andino con propiedades terapéuticas

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Gabriel Sifuentes-Penagos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La maca es un producto originario de los Andes Centrales del Perú, resistente a granizadas, heladas y sequías prolongadas. Se cultiva desde la época incaica en altitudes comprendidas entre los 3800 a 4500 m.s.n.m. Esta planta herbácea, presenta no sólo un alto valor nutricional sino también es valorada por su papel medicinal. Entre los componentes químicos de este cultivo andino que se han relacionado con sus acciones terapéuticas como el aumento de la fertilidad, niveles de energía, acción antioxidante, mejora del deseo sexual y la tasa de crecimiento, destacan: los glucosinolatos, esteroles, ácidos grasos (macaeno y sus respectivas amidas (macamidas, alcaloides (lepidilinas A y B, macaridina y polifenoles. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, recopilar las diferentes investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo sobre las propiedades terapéuticas de la maca y los compuestos responsables de las mismas.

Uneven large-scale movement patterns in wild and reintroduced pre-adult bearded vultures: conservation implications.

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Antoni Margalida

Full Text Available After the quasi-extinction of much of the European vertebrate megafauna during the last few centuries, many reintroduction projects seek to restore decimated populations. However, the future of numerous species depends on the management scenarios of metapopulations where the flow of individuals can be critical to ensure their viability. This is the case of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus, an Old World, large body-sized and long-lived scavenger living in mountain ranges. Although persecution in Western Europe restrained it to the Pyrenees, the species is nowadays present in other mountains thanks to reintroduction projects. We examined the movement patterns of pre-adult non-breeding individuals born in the wild population of the Pyrenees (n = 9 and in the reintroduced populations of the Alps (n = 24 and Andalusia (n = 13. Most birds were equipped with GPS-GSM radio transmitters, which allowed accurate determination of individual dispersal patterns. Two estimators were considered: i step length (i.e., the distance travelled per day by each individual, calculated considering only successive days; and ii total dispersal distance (i.e., the distance travelled between each mean daily location and the point of release. Both dispersal estimators showed a positive relationship with age but were also highly dependent on the source population, birds in Andalusia and Alps moving farther than in Pyrenees. Future research should confirm if differences in dispersal distances are the rule, in which case the dynamics of future populations would be strongly influenced. In summary, our findings highlight that inter-population differences can affect the flow of individuals among patches (a key aspect to ensure the viability of the European metapopulation of the endangered bearded vulture, and thus should be taken into account when planning reintroduction programs. This result also raises questions about whether similar scenarios may occur in other

Niveles de satisfacción de los usuarios del Hospital Andino Alternativo de Chimborazo

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Basantes-Avalos, René

2016-06-01

Full Text Available To be competitive in the present world, it should be offered goods and services of quality, therefore the efforts of enterprises should be focused on the customer, by knowing their needs, providing value-added solutions and a level of excellence that satisfies them, and thus ensure their loyalty. Alternative Andino Hospital of Chimborazo, Ecuador, which is a new institution in the area of health, performs procedures for continuous improvement when providing their service, but it does not know for sure what the opinions of its customers about the quality of the received service are. That is why, a research that analyzes the perceptions of customers, using the SERVPERF model was made, this model owes its name to the exclusive attention paid to performance assessment to measure the quality of service, although it consists of the same items and dimensions as SERVQUAL, the only difference is that it eliminates the part that refers to expectations of customers. Once analyzed the items of security, empathy, tangibility, reliability and responsiveness; the best one is safety, followed closely by reliability.

Estados sin nación. El discurso nacionalista y el evolucionismo andino, 1890-1930

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Paul Juan Montoya Vásquez

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this essay is to analyze the relationship between the nationalist pronouncements in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and the debate center on European evolutionism at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries. The essay, introductory in nature, presents some aspects of the recent debate on the genealogic discourse of nationalism as well as some important bibliographic references concerning these issues.//El artículo propone un análisis de las relaciones entre el discurso nacionalista en los países centro andinos (Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia y el debate en torno a las tesis del evolucionismo europeo, a fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX, centrado en el problema de la “integración de las mayorías” a la vida o dinámica nacional. Por ser de carácter introductorio se avoca a presentar algunos elementos del debate reciente sobre el discurso genealógico del nacionalismo así como parte importante de la bibliografía dedicada al tema en los referidos medios.

Alcance del principio de eficacia directa del derecho comunitario andino en el ámbito de la propiedad industrial y del derecho del consumidor en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano

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Pachón Guerrero, Juan Sebastián

2017-01-01

Tesis sobre el alcance del principio de eficacia directa del derecho comunitario andino en el ámbito de la propiedad industrial y del derecho del consumidor en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano Thesis related to the scope of the principle of direct effectiveness of andean community law in the field of industrial property and consumer law in the Colombian legal system

LA EVIDENCIALIDAD EN EL CASTELLANO ANDINO NARIÑENSE EVIDENTIALITY IN THE CASTILIAN SPANISH OF THE ANDEAN REGION OF NARIÑO

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Ómar Andrés Portilla Melo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen En este texto se hace una descripción de un fenómeno de transferencia semánticopragmática a nivel modal del quechua al castellano andino de la región nariñense. El trabajo está organizado de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, se introduce el concepto de evidencialidad; después, se hace una breve descripción histórica del quechua y una introducción a su tipología, y, finalmente, se explica la manera en que el contacto lingüístico quechua-español le dio al castellano andino nariñense los aspectos que lo caracterizan. La metodología usada fue la entrevista etnográfica. Como resultado se obtuvo que la influencia del quechua en el castellano del departamento de Nariño no se dio solamente a nivel léxico o sintáctico, sino que alcanzó niveles más profundos.Abstract The article describes a phenomenon of semantic-pragmatic transfer at the modal level from Quechua into the Castilian Spanish of the Andean region of Nariño. The article is organized as follows: first it introduces the concept of evidentiality, next it provides a brief historical description of Quechua and an introduction to its typology, and, finally, it explains how the linguistic contact between Quechua and Spanish gave the Castilian Spanish of the Andean region of Nariño its characteristic aspects. The methodology used was the ethnographic interview. The results obtained show that the influence of Quechua on the Castilian Spanish of the department of Nariño occurred not only at the lexical or syntactic levels, but also at deeper levels.

Effect of methodological and ecological approaches on heterogeneity of nest-site selection of a long-lived vulture.

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Rubén Moreno-Opo

Full Text Available The application of scientific-based conservation measures requires that sampling methodologies in studies modelling similar ecological aspects produce comparable results making easier their interpretation. We aimed to show how the choice of different methodological and ecological approaches can affect conclusions in nest-site selection studies along different Palearctic meta-populations of an indicator species. First, a multivariate analysis of the variables affecting nest-site selection in a breeding colony of cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus in central Spain was performed. Then, a meta-analysis was applied to establish how methodological and habitat-type factors determine differences and similarities in the results obtained by previous studies that have modelled the forest breeding habitat of the species. Our results revealed patterns in nesting-habitat modelling by the cinereous vulture throughout its whole range: steep and south-facing slopes, great cover of large trees and distance to human activities were generally selected. The ratio and situation of the studied plots (nests/random, the use of plots vs. polygons as sampling units and the number of years of data set determined the variability explained by the model. Moreover, a greater size of the breeding colony implied that ecological and geomorphological variables at landscape level were more influential. Additionally, human activities affected in greater proportion to colonies situated in Mediterranean forests. For the first time, a meta-analysis regarding the factors determining nest-site selection heterogeneity for a single species at broad scale was achieved. It is essential to homogenize and coordinate experimental design in modelling the selection of species' ecological requirements in order to avoid that differences in results among studies would be due to methodological heterogeneity. This would optimize best conservation and management practices for habitats and species in

¿ES EL COMPORTAMIENTO RELIGIOSO ANDINO PRODUCTO DE FACTORES ECONÓMICOS?

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Jazmín Tavera Colonna

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Sudamérica atravesada por los Andes presenta un contexto rico en diversidad pero incierto. Los fuertes cambios climáticos y terremotos han determinado cambios drásticos en la cosmogonía andina, así las primeras culturas andinas desarrolladas a orillas del mar le dan la espalda y reorientan sus dioses a los nevados de la cordillera. La escritura por su poder de comunicación en el tiempo ha revestido un cierto poder mágico para diferentes culturas. Las gracias impresas son agradecimientos a Dios o a los Santos por los favores concedidos. Al evaluar para Perú, el impacto de variables macroeconómicas sobre la cantidad de gracias por motivos económicos en sectores de clase media, encontramos que sólo los factores que reflejan el animismo andino guardan un impacto significativo. Ello sería el reflejo de un marco institucional débil en el que un individuo encuentra en la religión una institucionalidad legítima que le ofrece respuestas a necesidades básicas para su supervivencia como tal. El sincretismo religioso logró establecer el catolicismo en la Sudamérica andina, pero con una interesante reinterpretación, en la que la naturaleza y los ancestros siguen ocupando un lugar preponderante, sus señales son más claras que la de las instituciones que norman su sociedad.

Determinación de la capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos de cereales andinos: quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) y kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

OpenAIRE

Repo de Carrasco, Ritva; Encina Zelada, Christian Rene

2008-01-01

Se realizó la extracción de compuestos hidrofílicos y lipofílicos de cereales andinos, siendo el de mayor contenido en ambos casos la muestra de kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule variedad cupi), siguiendo la de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa ecotipo marrón) y finalmente la kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus ecotipo negra). Se realizó la determinación del contenido de compuestos fenólicos en quince variedades de quinua, siendo la de mayor contenido la variedad PIQ031046 con 139,94 mg ácido gálico/100 g; ...

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA ACUMULACIÓN DE CARBONO EN PEQUEÑOS HUMEDALES ANDINOS EN LA CUENCA ALTA DEL RÍO BARBAS (QUINDÍO, COLOMBIA)

OpenAIRE

María Cecilia Roa-García; Sandra Brown

2016-01-01

Se caracterizó el proceso de acumulación de carbono en pequeños humedales andinos de la cuenca alta del río Barbas, en el municipio de Filandia, departamento del Quindío, Colombia. El método de bolsas de descomposición se usó para estimar las tasas de acumulación de materia orgánica y las constantes de descomposición en el corto plazo. La pérdida por ignición y la datación con carbono 14 se usaron para calcular las tasas de acumulación de carbono en el largo plazo. Los 52 humedales ocupan un ...

Diferenciación étnica y redes de larga distancia entre migrantes andinos: el caso de Sanka y Colcha

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1991-01-01

Full Text Available DIFFERENTIATION ETHNIQUE ET RESEAUX DE LONGUE DISTANCE CHEZ LES MIGRANTS ANDINS : LE CAS DE “SANKA” ET “COLCHA”. Les migrants andins ne limitent pas leurs réseaux sociaux d’interaction au milieu urbain. La réorientation spatiale des migrants devient notable au moment de l’aggravation de la crise nationale au Pérou qui affecte avec une particulière dureté la population liménienne. La formation de nouveaux réseaux de longue distance entre migrants est déterminée historiquement par l’espace géographique que couvre l’histoire de leur migration. De tels réseaux d’interaction impliquent un mécanisme spécifique de reproduction sociale des migrants andins et constituent un facteur important de changement social. Los migrantes andinos en Lima no limitan sus redes sociales de interacción al centro urbano. Sobre todo con la agudización de la crisis nacional en el Perú, que afecta con particular dureza a la población limeña, comienza una notable reorientación espacial de los migrantes. La formación de nuevas redes de larga distancia entre migrantes es históricamente determinada por el espacio geográfico que cubre su historia migracional. Tales redes de interacción significan un mecanismo específico de reproducción social de migrantes andinos y son factor importante del cambio social. ETHNIC DIFFERENTIATION AND LONG-DISTANCE-NETWORKS BETWEEN ANDEAN MIGRANTS: THE CASE OF “SANKA” AND “COLCHA”. The andean migrants in Lima do not limit their social networks of interaction on the urban center. Together with the aggravation of the national crisis in Peru, which affects the urban population of Lima particularly hard, is emerging a remarkable spatial reorientation of those migrants. The formation of long-distance-networks between migrants is historically determined by the geographical space, which covers their migration history. Such networks of interaction suggest a specific form of social reproduction of the andean migrants

La delegación del Poder Tributario en el Poder Ejecutivo, su regulación en el Perú y en otros países andinos

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Urquizo Maggia, Daniel Fernando

2009-01-01

La presente tesis que lleva por título “La delegación del Poder Tributario en el Poder Ejecutivo, su regulación en el Perú y en otros países andinos” trata sobre la delegación legislativa tributaria regulada en los artículos 74 y 104 de la Carta del Perú aprobada en el año 1993, y en los países andinos de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Venezuela. La doctrina admite que el poder tributario ya no es atribución exclusiva del Poder Legislativo, que originariamente gozaba de esta facu...

Energy beyond food: foraging theory informs time spent in thermals by a large soaring bird.

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Emily L C Shepard

Full Text Available Current understanding of how animals search for and exploit food resources is based on microeconomic models. Although widely used to examine feeding, such constructs should inform other energy-harvesting situations where theoretical assumptions are met. In fact, some animals extract non-food forms of energy from the environment, such as birds that soar in updraughts. This study examined whether the gains in potential energy (altitude followed efficiency-maximising predictions in the world's heaviest soaring bird, the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus. Animal-attached technology was used to record condor flight paths in three-dimensions. Tracks showed that time spent in patchy thermals was broadly consistent with a strategy to maximise the rate of potential energy gain. However, the rate of climb just prior to leaving a thermal increased with thermal strength and exit altitude. This suggests higher rates of energetic gain may not be advantageous where the resulting gain in altitude would lead to a reduction in the ability to search the ground for food. Consequently, soaring behaviour appeared to be modulated by the need to reconcile differing potential energy and food energy distributions. We suggest that foraging constructs may provide insight into the exploitation of non-food energy forms, and that non-food energy distributions may be more important in informing patterns of movement and residency over a range of scales than previously considered.

Nuisance ecology: do scavenging condors exact foraging costs on pumas in Patagonia?

Science.gov (United States)

Elbroch, L Mark; Wittmer, Heiko U

2013-01-01

Predation risk describes the energetic cost an animal suffers when making a trade off between maximizing energy intake and minimizing threats to its survival. We tested whether Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) influenced the foraging behaviors of a top predator in Patagonia, the puma (Puma concolor), in ways comparable to direct risks of predation for prey to address three questions: 1) Do condors exact a foraging cost on pumas?; 2) If so, do pumas exhibit behaviors indicative of these risks?; and 3) Do pumas display predictable behaviors associated with prey species foraging in risky environments? Using GPS location data, we located 433 kill sites of 9 pumas and quantified their kill rates. Based upon time pumas spent at a carcass, we quantified handling time. Pumas abandoned >10% of edible meat at 133 of 266 large carcasses after a single night, and did so most often in open grasslands where their carcasses were easily detected by condors. Our data suggested that condors exacted foraging costs on pumas by significantly decreasing puma handling times at carcasses, and that pumas increased their kill rates by 50% relative to those reported for North America to compensate for these losses. Finally, we determined that the relative risks of detection and associated harassment by condors, rather than prey densities, explained puma "giving up times" (GUTs) across structurally variable risk classes in the study area, and that, like many prey species, pumas disproportionately hunted in high-risk, high-resource reward areas.

Relaciones entre democracia y desarrollo en los países andinos. Una reflexión desde la economía política

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Moncayo Jiménez, Édgard

2006-06-01

Full Text Available En los países andinos, la gobernabilidad democrática de los dos últimos decenios contrasta agudamente con los bajos niveles de crecimiento económico y el aumento del desempleo y la pobreza. Este artículo plantea que el nudo gordiano de esa paradoja es la gran desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso. Causa y consecuencia del mal funcionamiento del sistema político y de la economía, porque las élites económicas controlan el poder político, y crean instituciones y políticas que reflejan el interés de los dueños de la riqueza y no el interés común. Así se crea un círculo vicioso en el que la democracia ¿controlada¿ reproduce y amplía las desigualdades que la engendraron.

Cuando pobreza y género confluyen en el contexto educativo rural andino

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Beatriz Alvarado

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A pesar de haberse expandido las oportunidades educativas en el Perú andino durante las dos últimas décadas, la educación rural aún presenta problemas crónicos como una inadecuada inclusión de la niña y la joven en el sistema educativo. El mercado laboral tampoco les ofrece un panorama esperanzador luego de culminar la escuela, si tienen la posibilidad de hacerlo. Este artículo analiza los factores socio-económicos y educativos que impactan la permanencia o fracaso escolar de la joven andina en el Perú rural. Se señalan tres temas emergentes en el análisis y reflexión de esta realidad: brechas de género en el contexto educativo, pobreza y ruralidad así como políticas sensibles al género. Se concluye con sugerencias concretas para la toma de acciones inmediatas que tengan en cuenta la inclusión de todas las voces en la sociedad. Despite the fact that Andean Peru has expanded educational opportunities during the last two decades, rural education still presents serious problems as an inappropriate inclusion of girls and young women into the system of education. Moreover, the labor market does not offer to them an encouraging panorama after graduating from school, even if they have the chance to do so. This article analyzes the educational and socioeconomic factors that strike the permanence or school failure of young women´s in Peruvian rural. Three emerging topics are analyzed and considered on this context: gender gaps in the educational context, poverty and rurality, and gender-sensitive policies. The article draws some conclusions providing concrete recommendations for an urgent action-taking for the inclusion of all the voices in the society.

Caracterización de la circulación atmosférica y la temperatura superficial del mar asociadas a extremos de caudal de ríos andinos y su variabilidad en baja frecuencia

OpenAIRE

Araneo, Diego C.

2006-01-01

El objetivo principal del presente trabajo se centra en determinar los mecanismos asociados a la variabilidad de los caudales de los ríos andinos en relación con la circulación atmosférica y la Temperatura Superficial del Mar (TSM) como forzante del sistema climático. Para la circulación atmosférica el estudio se extiende desde la escala sinóptica a la climática. A lo largo de la Cordillera de los Andes se identifican dos zonas en las cuales el comportamiento de los caudales de los ríos muest...

Dualidad y diálogo postcolonial: desmarginalización de la lengua popular y del pensamiento andino en Rosa Cuchillo, de Óscar Colchado Lucio

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Víctor Quiroz

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo examinaremos cómo se inscribe la dualidad, aspecto fundamental de la racionalidad andina, en un texto literario. De este modo, estudiaremos la presencia activa de la dualidad tanto en el plano del contenido (el mundo representado cuanto en el plano de la expresión (el lenguaje y los mecanismos discursivos de Rosa Cuchillo (1997, la novela más importante del escritor peruano Óscar Colchado Lucio. Planteamos que la actualización de la dualidad en este texto contribuye a la desmarginalización y descolonización de la racionalidad andina con el fin de proponerla como un modo de pensamiento alternativo desde el que se pueden replantear los términos del diálogo entre lo occidental y lo andino más allá de las jerarquías coloniales.

Su majestad quiere saber. Información oficial y reformismo borbónico: el mundo andino bajo la mirada de la ilustración

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Juan Marchena Fernández

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Estudio dedicado a analizar el proceso de recolección de información burocrática que la Corona española requirió de sus posesiones americanas, durante las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII. La monarquía española demandó información sobre una variedad de aspectos que incluían producción, población, rentas, impuestos, doctrinas, costumbres, etc. El estudio escudriña, de manera específica, las vicisitudes que marcaron el cumplimiento de esta disposición real en el espacio andino. Se analizan las mediaciones sociales, políticas y culturales locales que estuvieron presentes en el proceso de recolección de la información. Por un lado, se subraya la distancia existente entre las premisas reformistas ilustradas que animaban los intereses de la monarquía española, y por otro, las maneras cómo reaccionaron la burocracia colonial y las sociedades andinas locales.

The shikimic acid: an important metabolite for the Aglianico del Vulture wines

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Pasquale Tamborra

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Shikimic acid is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and flavonoids (anthocyanins, tannins and flavonols. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is obtained by extraction of star anise from China, and at a yield of 3-7% it is used for the production of antiviral drug, e.g. oseltamivir. Unlike flavonoids which are only present in the grape skins, shikimic acid is present in the juice together with hydroxycinnamil tartaric acids (caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acid. Therefore, their content in white wines may not be negligible and their presence may explain the epidemiological studies that showed a reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases also in people with moderate white wine consumption. The content of shikimic acid has been used to characterize wines. In southern Italy it has been used to distinguish Aglianico grape, which holds medium-high content, from Negroamaro, Primitivo and Uva di Troia grapes who have rather lower levels. It could be useful also to distinguish Fiano di Avellino (high value from Fiano Minutolo (low value. However, results of a recent work showed that the shikimic acid content decreases significantly during the ripening of the grapes and therefore its content in wine is strongly influenced by the harvest period. Finally, in a recent paper it was highlighted the increase in shikimic acid content at the end of fermentation in an Aglianico del Vulture wine, produced in the area of Rapolla (PZ, Italy municipality during the 2013 harvest. These last experimental results explain why the values of shikimic acid were lower in grapes and surprisingly higher in wines produced in the 2011 and 2012 harvest.

Differential range use between age classes of southern African Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus.

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Sonja Krüger

Full Text Available Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus movements were investigated in southern Africa to determine whether an individual's age, sex or breeding status influenced its ranging behaviour and to provide the information required to guide conservation activities. Data from satellite transmitters fitted to 18 individuals of four age classes were used to determine range size and use. Because of the nature of the movements of marked individuals, these data could be used to determine the overall foraging range of the entire population, which was estimated to be 51 767 km(2. Although juvenile, immature and sub-adult birds used different parts of the overall range, their combined foraging range was 65% (33 636 km(2 of the overall range. Average adult home ranges (286 km(2 were only around 1% the size of the average foraging ranges of non-adults (10 540 -25 985 km(2, with those of breeding adults being even smaller (95 km(2. Home ranges of breeding adults did not vary in size between seasons but adults utilized their home range more intensively whilst breeding, moving greater distances during the incubation and chick hatching period. Range size and use increased as non-adults aged. Immatures and sub-adults had larger range sizes during winter, but range use of non-adults did not vary seasonally. Range size and use did not differ between the sexes in any of the age classes. Information on home range size and use enables specific areas within the species' range to be targeted for management planning, education and conservation action.

Análisis de la industria cultural en el pacto de integración sub-regional andino

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Nilo Fernández

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo general de la presente investigacion fue realizar un analisis de la industria cultural en el pacto de la integracion Sub-regional Andino, destancado el papel fundamental de esta industria como entidad de comunicacion que se construye y se modela a travez de signos culturales que se encuentran en la cotidianidad, en el discurso social y surgidas de realidades entrelazadas, siendo los medios de comunicacion los que hacen percibirlo de otra manera. Las bases teoricas describen como algunos elementos tento del contexto multidimensional de la region andina como elemento socio-juridicos y culturales influyen los aportes de autores tales como: Lorena Rincon, Lucrecia Morales, German Rey, Bernardo Klisberg, Marcelino Bisbal y Nestor Garcia Canclini, entre otros. El tipo de investigacion que se selecciono fue la descriptiva documental; para la cual se utilizo como instrumento de analisis una guia de observacion que permitio ubicar las principales categoria, sub-categorias y las unidades de analisis, de ocho (8 documentos (convenios, acuerdos y declaraciones que constituyeron en una muestra intencional de un total de 16 documentos seleccionados como poblacion inicial que conforman las bases de los pactos que ha suscrito la comunidad Andina de Naciones. Con referencia al analisis e interpretacion de los resultados, se constituyem en hallazgos los planteamientos ubicados en cada uno de los documentos estudiados confirmandose el papel central que juega la industria cultural para la integracion Sub-regional Andina, a pesar de no ser explico en algunos de los documentos.

Conflictos por acceso biotecnológico de los recursos genéticos y conocimientos tradicionales en la región andino-amazónica : los casos de patentes de la maca, el yacón y la sangre de drago

OpenAIRE

Pohlenz de Tavira, Ana

2009-01-01

Este estudio indaga acerca de si la intervención de las actividades biotecnológicas, que aprovecha el conocimiento tradicional, deviene en conflictos socioambientales. De ahí que se revise el por qué ocurren confrontaciones entre las empresas biotecnológicas y las comunidades indígenas. Específicamente, se investigaron tres casos de etnobioprospección en la región andino-amazónica, mediante los cuales se puede entender los modos de operar de la industria biotecnológica, además del sistema de ...

Teoría de las restricciones (TOC) y la mecánica del Throughput Accounting (TA) Una aproximación a un modelo gerencial para toma de decisiones: caso compañía de Cementos Andino S.A.

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González G., Patricia; Universidad del Valle; Escobar V., John Willmer; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali

2008-01-01

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar a los lectores cómo a partir del modelo de decisión propuesto por la TOC y el TA, los gerentes pueden tomar las mejores decisiones orientadas a maximizar las utilidades del negocio. Para el logro del objetivo propuesto se empleó un caso centrado en la compañía Cementos Andino S.A., en el cual se desarrolló la metodología del TA, cuyos resultados fueron confrontados con los obtenidos a partir del costeo variable, de tal forma que los throughput obtenid...

Roles of survival and dispersal in reintroduction success of Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus).

Science.gov (United States)

Le Gouar, Pascaline; Robert, Alexandre; Choisy, Jean-Pierre; Henriquet, Sylvain; Lecuyer, Philippe; Tessier, Christian; Sarrazin, François

2008-06-01

The success of reintroduction programs greatly depends on the amount of mortality and dispersal of the released individuals. Although local environmental pressures are likely to play an important role in these processes, they have rarely been investigated because of the lack of spatial replicates of reintroduction. In the present study, we analyzed a 25-year data set encompassing 272 individuals released in five reintroduction programs of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) in France to examine the respective roles of survival and dispersal in program successes and failures. We use recent developments in multi-strata capture-recapture models to take into account tag loss in survival estimates and to consider and estimate dispersal among release areas. We also examined the effects of sex, age, time, area, and release status on survival, and we tested whether dispersal patterns among release areas were consistent with habitat selection theories. Results indicated that the survival of released adults was reduced during the first year after release, with no difference between sexes. Taking into account local observations only, we found that early survival rates varied across sites. However when we distinguished dispersal from mortality, early survival rates became equal across release sites. It thus appears that among reintroduction programs difference in failure and success was due to differential dispersal among release sites. We revealed asymmetrical patterns of dispersal due to conspecific attraction: dispersers selected the closest and the largest population. We showed that mortality can be homogeneous from one program to another while, on the contrary, dispersal is highly dependent on the matrix of established populations. Dispersal behavior is thus of major interest for metapopulation restoration and should be taken into account in planning reintroduction designs.

La transformación del Estado en América Latina: una perspectiva económica desde los países andinos

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Edgard Moncayo Jiménez

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A juicio de muchos analistas, el Estadonación —piedra angular de la organización política del mundo desde la suscripción del Tratado de Wesfalia, en 1968— está experimentando una profunda crisis. En esta visión, el poder efectivo de dicha entidad política se está desbordando en tres direcciones: hacia arriba, por la globalización y la supranacionalización; horizontalmente, por el desmonte del Estado de bienestar, la privatización y la desregulación; y hacia abajo, por la descentralización y la devolución de autonomías a las polis regionales y locales. La acción conjunta de estas tendencias estaría determinando el vaciamiento (hollowing out del Estado-nación, en la medida en que muchas de sus competencias tradicionales se están transfiriendo hacia arriba, a las instituciones internacionales y supranacionales; hacia los lados, al mercado, las empresas privadas y las transnacionales; y hacia abajo, a las entidades de orden subnacional. En este artículo analizaremos el impacto de tales tendencias en los países andinos

Propuesta de mejoramiento tecnológico de techos verdes para el clima tropical andino

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Alejandro Gómez Cubillos

2018-01-01

Full Text Available La gestión de riesgos por el aumento de la escorrentía superficial en zonas urbanas requiere intervención desde múltiples enfoques, ambientales, sanitarios, sociales y económicas. La infraestructura verde aporta soluciones de creciente interés por sus beneficios ambientales y potencial aprovechamiento económico. Este artículo propone un mejoramiento tecnológi-co para la adaptación de los techos verdes al clima tropical andino, en términos de su com-portamiento hidrológico, para lo cual se desarrolló un montaje experimental con seis módu-los de techos verdes extensivos y un módulo testigo (solo cubierta. El montaje experimental permitió la obtención de datos de 21 eventos de precipitación, modificando la configuración de dos factores experimentales, tipo de planta con seis variaciones y altura de sustrato con tres variaciones y tres eventos más para verificar el efecto de la variación de la pendiente de la cubierta, como tercer factor. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron para el cálculo de las va-riables hidrológicas de interés (precipitación, escorrentía, duración del evento, tiempo ante-rior seco, que expresan las características del evento y los indicadores del comportamiento hidrológico (coeficientes de escorrentía basado en volumen Cv y en el caudal pico Cp y tiem-po de retraso K y su análisis estadístico permitió identificar cuáles factores experimentales tienen o no influencia significativa en dichos indicadores. Finalmente, se desarrollaron herramientas para la simulación de variables e indicadores hidrológicos a partir de series de precipitación externas y su implementación en una herramienta de diseño que seleccione las configuraciones de techos verdes que presenten el mejor comportamiento hidrológico.

Cadenas productivas promisorias para la seguridad alimentaria e inclusión económica en familias pobres rurales : caso del proyecto Desarrollo sostenible de granos andinos y papas nativas en comunidades rurales altoandinas de la región Ayacucho implementado por CARE Perú 2009-2011

OpenAIRE

Nishikawa Menacho, Julio

2016-01-01

En la perspectiva de aportar en el desarrollo de políticas de inclusión social y económica, basada en evidencias, se ha desarrollado el presente trabajo de investigación cualitativa tomando como base la experiencia desarrollada por CARE PERU a través del proyecto “Desarrollo Sostenible de Granos Andinos y Papas Nativas en Comunidades Rurales Altoandinas” en el Departamento de Ayacucho. El objetivo central de la investigación fue identificar los principales factores de éxito que han contri...

RELACIÓN ENTRE LA BIOMASA Y ALGUNAS CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS DE LAS BROMELIAS FITOTELMATAS DE UN BOSQUE ALTO ANDINO COLOMBIANO

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Isaza Carolina

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron algunas características morfológicas para seis especies de bromelias fitotelmata (Guzmania gloriosa, Racinaea tetrantha, Tillandsia biflora, T. complanata, T. fendleri y T. turneri con el fin de establecer cuales características podrían utilizarse como estimadores indirectos de la biomasa total de la planta. El estudio se realizó en un bosque alto andino de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia, ubicado a 2900 m de altitud. Para cada especie se recolectaron entre 32 y 64 individuos en diferentes estadios de crecimiento, a cada uno de los cuales se le registró: 1 el número de hojas por roseta; 2 el perímetro de la base de la roseta; 3 la cobertura de la planta; 4 el largo de la lámina foliar; 5 la altura de la roseta; y 6 la biomasa total. Los resultados de la prueba Wilcoxon muestran que la cobertura fue la variable que más se relacionó con la biomasa. Una prueba de ajuste de curva mostró que la línea recta es la que más explica la relación entre la cobertura y la biomasa, permitiendo hacer estimaciones a partir de la ecuación sin ser necesario un muestreo destructivo.

Características de la avifauna en un gradiente altitudinal de un bosque nublado andino en La Paz, Bolivia

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Omar Martínez

2013-04-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza la diversidad y composición de la avifauna en tres localidades ubicadas dentro del Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado de Cotapata, La Paz, Bolivia. Las tres localidades se distribuyeron en gradiente altitudinal y tres tipos de bosques húmedos andinos (ceja de monte a 3170 m, bosque nublado a 2620 m y bosque nublado secundario a 1850 m de la zona Yungas. Se realizó un esfuerzo total de 3286 horas-red niebla, 324 horas de caminatas y 216 horas de conteos por puntos en los tres lugares de estudio. Un total de 220 especies fueron registradas, la mayoría capturadas en redes (100 spp., 45%. Veinticinco familias fueron representadas en las capturas por redes y 42 mediante los censos. Tyrannidae y Thraupidae fueron las más representativas mediante ambos métodos. Las curvas acumulativas de especies fueron similares en todos los sitios. La riqueza de especies para la ceja de monte, bosque nublado y bosque secundario a partir de las capturas y censos fueron de 44, 40, 44 especies y 69, 57, 86 especies, respectivamente. Un total de 16 especies de rango restringido fueron registradas (p.e. Odontophorus balliviani, Andigena cucullata. La diversidad para la ceja de monte fue H´= 1,41; para el bosque nublado (H´= 0,98 y el bosque nublado secundario (H´= 0,96. La diversidad beta fue 0,74 basada en datos de capturas con redes y 0,79 basada en datos de censos en las tres alturas.

Status of birds of prey in Guinea-Bissau: first assessment based on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... cover (based on the normalised difference vegetation index). Apart from Hooded Vultures and White-backed Vultures Gyps africanus, all other raptors in the IUCN Red List were found to be scarce, including other vultures and several medium-to-large eagles. Keywords: birds, Guinea-Bissau, raptors, transects, West Africa ...

Estructura genética y simulaciones de máxima verosimilitud y Estadística Bayesiana aplicada a la conservación genética del Oso andino (Tremarctos ornatus en Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador y Bolivia

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M. Ruiz-García

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron 115 muestras de oso andino procedentes de Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador yBolivia mediante 5 microsatélites (G1A, G1D, G10B, G10C, G10M, G10P, G10X, UarMu 50,UarMu, 59. Se detectó: (1 No existencia de equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg en ninguna de laspoblaciones analizadas en cada uno de los países, lo que evidencia la existencia de efectoWahlund. (2 Los niveles de variabilidad genética fueron bajos (H=0.40, población total.Alarmantemente bajo fue el nivel de heterocigocidad en la población de Ecuador (H=0.27. (3Los niveles de flujo génico resultaron bajísimos (Nm=0.2-0.3.

Vultures of the seas: hyperacidic stomachs in wandering albatrosses as an adaptation to dispersed food resources, including fishery wastes.

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David Grémillet

Full Text Available Animals are primarily limited by their capacity to acquire food, yet digestive performance also conditions energy acquisition, and ultimately fitness. Optimal foraging theory predicts that organisms feeding on patchy resources should maximize their food loads within each patch, and should digest these loads quickly to minimize travelling costs between food patches. We tested the prediction of high digestive performance in wandering albatrosses, which can ingest prey of up to 3 kg, and feed on highly dispersed food resources across the southern ocean. GPS-tracking of 40 wandering albatrosses from the Crozet archipelago during the incubation phase confirmed foraging movements of between 475-4705 km, which give birds access to a variety of prey, including fishery wastes. Moreover, using miniaturized, autonomous data recorders placed in the stomach of three birds, we performed the first-ever measurements of gastric pH and temperature in procellariformes. These revealed surprisingly low pH levels (average 1.50±0.13, markedly lower than in other seabirds, and comparable to those of vultures feeding on carrion. Such low stomach pH gives wandering albatrosses a strategic advantage since it allows them a rapid chemical breakdown of ingested food and therefore a rapid digestion. This is useful for feeding on patchy, natural prey, but also on fishery wastes, which might be an important additional food resource for wandering albatrosses.

Géneros y formatos para la televisión digital. Análisis en los países andinos

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Abel Suing

2016-05-01

Full Text Available El propósito de la investigación es analizar los formatos de televisión vigentes en la transición hacia la televisión digital terrestre en los países andinos e identificar alternativas para la televisión local. La investigación se justifica en razón del apagón analógico entre el 2018 y 2020. La metodología es cualitativa y cuantitativa; los instrumentos son análisis de contenidos y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados permiten concluir que los contenidos de producción nacional están vinculados con la actualidad. Los elementos que influyen en la creación de contenidos están relacionados con factores de identidad, recursos económicos, talento humano y narrativas. La hibridación de formatos que promuevan la cultura es una opción para las estaciones locales. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current television formats in the transition to digital terrestrial television in the Andean countries, and to identify alternatives for the local television. The research is justified in view of the analog blackout that will occur between 2018 and 2020. The methodology is both qualitative and quantitative; the instruments are content analyses and semi-structured interviews. The results allow concluding that the local production contents are linked to current events. The elements that influence the creation of contents are related to factors of identity, economic resources, human talent and narratives. The hybridization of formats promoting culture is an option for the local stations.

Blood lead levels for Eurasian black vultures (Aegypius monachus migrating between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea

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David Kenny

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Since 2009, we have been determining blood lead levels (BLLs for Eurasian black vulture (EbVs, Aegypius monachus in Mongolia. Since EbVs migrated from Mongolia to the Republic (R. of Korea in 2012, we started comparing BLLs from Mongolia to Korean birds [Mongolia; mean=2.72±0.09 μg/dL standard error (SE, n=181, R. of Korea; mean=6.68±0.58 μg/dL SE, n=124]. In Korea we also analyzed birds by comparing BLLs for free-ranging birds (mean=7.54±0.50 μg/dL SE, n=44 to rehabilitation center birds (mean=6.21±0.86 μg/dL SE, n=80, and for birds fed rescued water deer (Hydropotes inermis (mean=11.26±1.66 μg/dL SE, n=7 to birds fed livestock (mean=1.97±0.27 μg/dL, n=4. Finally, we analyzed BLLs from Mongolia and the R. of Korea according to the following categories: background=<10.0 μg/dL (Mongolia 100%, n=181; R. of Korea 83.1%, exposure=≥10.0 μg/dL to <45.0 μg/dL (Mongolia 0%; R. of Korea 16.1%, n=20, and diagnostic=≥45.0 μg/dL (Mongolia 0%; R. of Korea 0.8%, n=1. Our research indicates that EbVs are acquiring lead while migrating to the R. of Korea.

Repeated conservation threats across the Americas: High levels of blood and bone lead in the Andean Condor widen the problem to a continental scale.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiemeyer, Guillermo M; Pérez, Miguel A; Torres Bianchini, Laura; Sampietro, Luciano; Bravo, Guillermo F; Jácome, N Luis; Astore, Vanesa; Lambertucci, Sergio A

2017-01-01

Wildlife lead exposure is an increasing conservation threat that is being widely investigated. However, for some areas of the world (e.g., South America) and certain species, research on this subject is still scarce or only local information is available. We analyzed the extent and intensity of lead exposure for a widely distributed threatened species, the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus). We conducted the study at two different scales: 1) sampling of birds received for rehabilitation or necropsy in Argentina, and 2) bibliographic review and extensive survey considering exposure event for the species' distribution in South America. Wild condors from Argentina (n = 76) presented high lead levels consistent with both recent and previous exposure (up to 104 μg/dL blood level, mean 15.47 ± 21.21 μg/dL and up to 148.20 ppm bone level, mean 23.08 ± 31.39 ppm). In contrast, captive bred individuals -not exposed to lead contamination- had much lower lead levels (mean blood level 5.63 ± 3.08 μg/dL, and mean bone level 2.76 ± 3.06 ppm). Condors were exposed to lead throughout their entire range in continental Argentina, which represents almost sixty percent (>4000 km) of their geographical distribution. We also present evidence of lead exposure events in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. Lead poisoning is a widespread major conservation threat for the Andean Condor, and probably other sympatric carnivores from South America. The high number and wide range of Andean Condors with lead values complement the results for the California Condor and other scavengers in North America suggesting lead poisoning is a continental threat. Urgent actions are needed to reduce this poison in the wild. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

NEWS AND COMMENTS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

On the morning of 13 May 2013, driving on the S28, a gravel road in southern. Kruger National Park, between Crocodile Bridge camp and Lower Sabie camp, a sub-adult Egyptian Vulture was spotted. It was in open knob-thorn - marula woodland and sitting near a white-backed vulture. The Egyptian Vulture was preening, ...

Utilizing NASA Earth Observations to investigate habitat suitability of the Cape Vulture in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Gray, D.; Estes, M. G., Jr.; Griffin, R.; Estes, S. M.

2017-12-01

As the global urban population rapidly increases, many wild species lose habitat to human development. The Western Cape of South Africa contains one of Earth's 35 biodiversity hotspots, with remarkably high levels of species richness and endemism. Understanding the relationship between anthropogenic changes and key species in this region is crucial for conservation of its threatened ecosystems. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect that climate change and urbanization each have on habitat suitability of the Cape Vulture. This research utilized NASA satellite data and crowdsourced species sightings to model past, current, and future habitat suitability for this key species in the Western Cape. Data used from NASA Earth Observations included: Landsat 8- derived Land Cover, Modis Land Surface Temperature, Digital Elevation Models from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, and precipitation data which integrated in-situ stations with Infrared data. Species observations were sourced from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility online database. A geospatial modelling framework was used to generate maps of present, past and future suitable habitats for analysis and comparison. Changes in precipitation and temperature may be a factor in the extreme loss of habitat since 1995, and predict even more drastic loss in the future. This research provides insights on anthropogenic effects on a species' range which may be used to inform discussions of conservation as an element of environmentally sustainable development.

Productores de una educación inclusiva: Fronteras ideográficas, demográficas, cartográficas y biográficas que, desde las prácticas formativas, delimitan la gestión de una educación inclusiva-diversa en la Institución Educativa Andino de San Lorenzo, del municipio de Bolívar (Cauca)

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Cerón, Miguel Angel; López Silva, Franciny Guillermo; Rivera Joaquí, Silvio Tulio; Valencia González, Gloria Clemencia

2015-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Educación desde la Diversidad). Universidad de Manizales. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-Instituto Pedagógico, 2015 El presente documento, denominado Productores de una educación inclusiva. Fronteras ideográficas, demográficas, cartográficas y biográficas que, desde las prácticas formativas, delimitan la gestión de una educación inclusiva-diversa en la Institución Educativa Andino de San Lorenzo, del municipio de Bolívar (Cauca), presenta los hallazgos de un pr...

La televisión social en los países andinos. Análisis de los medios sociales en informativos y magazines

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Abel Suing

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Los países andinos transitan hacia la televisión digital al mismo tiempo en que se consolidan los medios sociales que otorgan a la audiencia la capacidad de interactuar en tiempo real, ello deriva en interrogantes como ¿existe integración de los medios sociales en la televisión?, ¿la audiencia participa en la definición de la televisión digital? y ¿estamos frente a la televisión social? La investigación pretende responder a las preguntas señaladas mediante el estudio de los programas de noticias y magazines de las estaciones de televisión líderes del área andina, en razón de que sus contenidos se emiten en tiempo real cuando se generaría el mayor interés de la audiencia. La metodología empleada es cuantitativa y cualitativa a partir del análisis de cuentas en Facebook y Twitter de las estaciones. Las hipótesis son que la televisión social gana aceptación en los países del área andina y que los canales de televisión no explotan los medios sociales. Se concluye que las estaciones privadas muestran más actividad que las públicas, que existe diferencia entre los informativos y el entretenimiento en seguidores y actividad en la red y que estamos en el inicio de la televisión social pero demanda más esfuerzos para integrar pantallas y medios sociales.

How predictability of feeding patches affects home range and foraging habitat selection in avian social scavengers?

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Sophie Monsarrat

Full Text Available Feeding stations are commonly used to sustain conservation programs of scavengers but their impact on behaviour is still debated. They increase the temporal and spatial predictability of food resources while scavengers have supposedly evolved to search for unpredictable resources. In the Grands Causses (France, a reintroduced population of Griffon vultures Gyps fulvus can find carcasses at three types of sites: 1. "light feeding stations", where farmers can drop carcasses at their farm (spatially predictable, 2. "heavy feeding stations", where carcasses from nearby farms are concentrated (spatially and temporally predictable and 3. open grasslands, where resources are randomly distributed (unpredictable. The impact of feeding stations on vulture's foraging behaviour was investigated using 28 GPS-tracked vultures. The average home range size was maximal in spring (1272 ± 752 km(2 and minimal in winter (473 ± 237 km(2 and was highly variable among individuals. Analyses of home range characteristics and feeding habitat selection via compositional analysis showed that feeding stations were always preferred compared to the rest of the habitat where vultures can find unpredictable resources. Feeding stations were particularly used when resources were scarce (summer or when flight conditions were poor (winter, limiting long-ranging movements. However, when flight conditions were optimal, home ranges also encompassed large areas of grassland where vultures could find unpredictable resources, suggesting that vultures did not lose their natural ability to forage on unpredictable resources, even when feeding stations were available. However during seasons when food abundance and flight conditions were not limited, vultures seemed to favour light over heavy feeding stations, probably because of the reduced intraspecific competition and a pattern closer to the natural dispersion of resources in the landscape. Light feeding stations are interesting tools

How predictability of feeding patches affects home range and foraging habitat selection in avian social scavengers?

Science.gov (United States)

Monsarrat, Sophie; Benhamou, Simon; Sarrazin, François; Bessa-Gomes, Carmen; Bouten, Willem; Duriez, Olivier

2013-01-01

Feeding stations are commonly used to sustain conservation programs of scavengers but their impact on behaviour is still debated. They increase the temporal and spatial predictability of food resources while scavengers have supposedly evolved to search for unpredictable resources. In the Grands Causses (France), a reintroduced population of Griffon vultures Gyps fulvus can find carcasses at three types of sites: 1. "light feeding stations", where farmers can drop carcasses at their farm (spatially predictable), 2. "heavy feeding stations", where carcasses from nearby farms are concentrated (spatially and temporally predictable) and 3. open grasslands, where resources are randomly distributed (unpredictable). The impact of feeding stations on vulture's foraging behaviour was investigated using 28 GPS-tracked vultures. The average home range size was maximal in spring (1272 ± 752 km(2)) and minimal in winter (473 ± 237 km(2)) and was highly variable among individuals. Analyses of home range characteristics and feeding habitat selection via compositional analysis showed that feeding stations were always preferred compared to the rest of the habitat where vultures can find unpredictable resources. Feeding stations were particularly used when resources were scarce (summer) or when flight conditions were poor (winter), limiting long-ranging movements. However, when flight conditions were optimal, home ranges also encompassed large areas of grassland where vultures could find unpredictable resources, suggesting that vultures did not lose their natural ability to forage on unpredictable resources, even when feeding stations were available. However during seasons when food abundance and flight conditions were not limited, vultures seemed to favour light over heavy feeding stations, probably because of the reduced intraspecific competition and a pattern closer to the natural dispersion of resources in the landscape. Light feeding stations are interesting tools for managing

Erratum to ``Eruption style and petrology of a new carbonatitic suite from the Mt. Vulture (Southern Italy): The Monticchio Lakes Formation'' [Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 78 (1997) 251 265

Science.gov (United States)

Stoppa, Francesco; Principe, Claudia

1998-01-01

The Monticchio Lakes Formation (MLF) is a newly identified carbonatite-melilitite tuff sequence which is exposed in the southwestern sector of the Vulture volcano. It is the youngest example (ca. 0.13 m.y.) of this type of volcanism in Italy, although other carbonatites of smaller volume, but with similar characteristics, have been discovered recently. This volcanic event occurred in isolation after a 0.35 m.y. period of inactivity at Vulture. The eruption produced two maar-type vents and formed tuff aprons mainly composed of dune beds of lapilli. Depositional features suggest that a dry surge mechanism, possibly triggered by CO 2 expansion, was dominant during tuff emplacement. The MLF event involved a mixture of carbonatite and melilitite liquids which were physically separated before the eruption. Abundant mantle xenoliths are direct evidence of the deep-seated origin of the parental magma and its high velocity of propagation towards the surface. Often, these nodules form the core of lapilli composed of concentric shells of melilitite and/or porphyritic carbonatite. Coarse-ash beds alternate with lapilli beds and consist of abundant lumps and spherulae of very fine-grained calcite immersed in a welded, highly compacted carbonatite matrix. Porphyritic carbonatite shells of the lapilli and fine-grained spherulae of calcite in the tuff matrix suggest incipient crystallisation of a carbonatite liquid in subvolcanic conditions and eruption of carbonatite-spray droplets. Dark coloured juvenile fragments mainly consist of melilite, phlogopite, calcite, apatite, perovskite, and häuyne crystals in a carbonatite or melilitite matrix. The rocks have an extremely primitive, ultramafic composition with very high Mg# (> 85) and Cr and Ni content (1500 ppm). The calcite contains high SrO, BaO and REE of up to 1.5 wt.%. Similar compositions are typical of primary, magmatic carbonates which are found in both intrusive and extrusive carbonatites. The high modal Sr

Evaluación ambiental del proceso de urbanización de las cuencas del piedemonte andino de Santiago de Chile

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Hugo Romero

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Las cuencas son complejos sistemas ambientales en que se desarrollan procesos geomorfológicos, hidrológicos, climáticos y ecológicos, que son impactados por la urbanización. En este trabajo se estudian seis cuencas del piedemonte andino de la ciudad de Santiago que se encuentran en diferentes fases del proceso de urbanización, variando entre Macul-San Ramón, en donde casi el 40% de su superficie ha sido incorporada a la ciudad, y Pirque, que mantiene aún sus características agrícolas y rurales. Empleando Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se analiza el impacto de la urbanización sobre indicadores ambientales, tales como productividad vegetal, biomasa, humedad en el suelo y temperaturas superficiales de los territorios ocupados por las cuencas. Las Áreas Totales de Impermeabilización, los Coeficientes de Escorrentía y las Áreas Sensitivas Ambientales, permiten estimar el estado de las cuencas y su contribución a la salud ambiental de la ciudad de SantiagoWatersheds are complex environmental systems, where geomorphologic, hydrologic, climatic and ecological processes take place, and which are severely impacted by urbanisation. In this paper, six Santiago Andean piedmont watersheds have been researched, according with the degree of urbanisation that they reach, which varies between Macul-San Ramón, where about 40% of their land covers has been already urbanised, until Pirque, where agricultural and rural features are still dominants. Using geographical information systems, the impact of urbanization on several ecological indicators, such as vegetative productivity, biomass, soil moisture and surface temperature are analysed. Total Imperviousness Areas, Runoff Coefficients and Environmentally Sensitive Areas allow the estimation of the state of the watersheds ant their contribution to the environmental health of Santiago city

Nuevas evidencias de la presencia del Oso Andino (Tremarctos ornatus en las Yungas de Puno, el registro más austral de Perú

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Gisella Márquez

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El oso de anteojos Tremarctos ornatus es el único representante de la familia Ursidae en Suramérica. La población más grande y de distribución continua del oso andino en el Perú, se localiza en la ladera oriental de la cordillera oriental, incluyendo al departamento de Puno, donde casi todos los registros de esta especie provienen solamente de encuestas. Se describe aquí dos registros indirectos de la presencia del oso en el departamento de Puno, obtenidos en agosto del año 2009. El primer registro corresponde a una feca, con semillas perteneciente a la familia Lauraceae, encontrada en Yanacocha; y el segundo registro corresponde a unas marcas de garras del oso hallado en Challohuma. Este último representa el registro más austral con- firmado para la distribución del oso de anteojos en el Perú. Nuestros registros evidencian una continuidad en la distribución de esta especie en la vertiente oriental de la cordillera andina, desde el sur del Perú hasta el noroeste de Bolivia. Estos registros se hallan también muy próximos al Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene (PNBS, uno de los corredores de conservación más importantes en el mundo, y muestran la importancia de establecer estrategias de conservación tanto dentro como fuera de la zona de amortiguamiento del PNBS.

Antibiotics threaten wildlife: circulating quinolone residues and disease in Avian scavengers.

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Jesús A Lemus

Full Text Available Antibiotic residues that may be present in carcasses of medicated livestock could pass to and greatly reduce scavenger wildlife populations. We surveyed residues of the quinolones enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics (amoxicillin and oxytetracycline in nestling griffon Gyps fulvus, cinereous Aegypius monachus and Egyptian Neophron percnopterus vultures in central Spain. We found high concentrations of antibiotics in the plasma of many nestling cinereous (57% and Egyptian (40% vultures. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also found in liver samples of all dead cinereous vultures. This is the first report of antibiotic residues in wildlife. We also provide evidence of a direct association between antibiotic residues, primarily quinolones, and severe disease due to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Our results indicate that, by damaging the liver and kidney and through the acquisition and proliferation of pathogens associated with the depletion of lymphoid organs, continuous exposure to antibiotics could increase mortality rates, at least in cinereous vultures. If antibiotics ingested with livestock carrion are clearly implicated in the decline of the vultures in central Spain then it should be considered a primary concern for conservation of their populations.

Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Pad Avian Abatement Efforts Including Related KSC Road Kill Reduction Effort

Science.gov (United States)

Schlierf, Roland; Hight, Ron; Payne, Stephen J.; Shaffer, John P.; Missimer, Brad; Willis, Christopher

2007-01-01

While birds might seem harmless, there's a good reason for the concern. During the July 2005 launch of Discovery on mission STS-1 14, a vulture soaring around the launch pad impacted the shuttle's external tank just after liftoff. With a vulture's average weight ranging from 3 to 5 pounds. a strike at a critical point on the Shuttle -- like the nose or wing leading thermal protection panels -- could cause catastrophic damage to the vehicle. The foam chunk that fatefully struck Columbia's wing in 2003 weighed only 1.7 pounds. (Cheryl L. Mansfield "Bye Bye Birdies" 2006) To address this issue, NASA formed an "Avian Abatement Team". The team goal is to have safer Shuttle missions by reducing the vulture population at KSC near the pad area thereby reducing the probability of another vulture strike during a Shuttle launch.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 101 - 150 of 154 ... ... Coragyps atratus at a South American sea lion breeding colony ... Notes and reports - New record of African White-backed Vulture ... Vol 61 (2011), Sympatric occurrence of four Cathartid vultures in the dry forests of ...

A preliminary assessment of the potential risks from electrical ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... Grey-crowned Crane Balearica regulorum, Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor, White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus, Rüppell's Vulture Gyps rueppellii, Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus, White Stork Ciconia ciconia, Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius, and various sit-and-wait raptors. These preliminary findings ...

Transnacionalismo andino

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pærregaard, Karsten

2008-01-01

Formålet med kapitlet er at analyse den transnationale relation mellem to migrantkollektiver i USA og deres oprindelseslandsbyer i Perus højland. Analytisk koncentrerer kapitlet sig om, hvad som motiverer migranterne til at investere tid og penge i deres hjemlandsbyer, og hvordan dette engagement...

ARTICLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

Abstract. A study on communal roosts of African White-backed Gyps africanus and. Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, southern Ethiopia was conducted from January to. March 2012 to investigate population dynamics of vultures. The population fluctuation ...

High occurrence of extra-pair partnerships and homosexuality in a ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres is an Endangered colonial cliff-nesting species that is typically cited as monogamous. Observations of wild Cape Vulture colonies note extra-pair breeding activities but homosexual activity has never been confirmed. Observations of breeding behaviours within a captive colony were ...

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS, NOTES AND REPORTS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

Possible sighting of the Indian subspecies of the Egyptian. Vulture Neophron percnopterus ginginianus in Africa. Ivaylo Angelov. 1*. , Bruktawit Abdu. 2. , Nikolay Terziev. 3. , Samson Zelleke. 4. 1 “Balgarka” 29-A-18, Sliven 8800, Bulgaria. 2 Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society. ... Tunisia, which Egyptian Vultures.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Portuguese Nature Conservation. Agency) and the Arribes del Duero. Natural Park, revealed that there are. 135 pairs of Egyptian Vultures along the International Douro and its tributaries. Also, the survey of. Egyptian Vulture in France in 2016 was published by Erick Kobierzycki, who is responsible for the Pyrenees.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Chansocheat, Song. Vol 55 (2006) - Articles Olfaction in Accipitrid vultures. Abstract PDF · Vol 55 (2006) - Articles First record of Himalayan Griffon vulture Gyps himalyensis in Chhep, Preah Vihear, northern Cambodia Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for ...

Development of microsatellite markers and a restriction endonuclease digest assay for non-invasive sampling of endangered white-rumped, slender-billed and red-headed vultues

Science.gov (United States)

Y.A. Kapetanakos; I.J. Lovette; T.E. Katzner

2014-01-01

Southeast Asian vultures have been greatly reduced in range and population numbers, but it is challenging to use traditional tagging and monitoring techniques to track changes in their populations. Genotypes derived from non-invasively collected feather samples provide an alternative and effective means to 'capture' individual vultures for mark-recapture...

Short CommuniCationS, noteS and reportS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Lappet-faced Vultures with white feathers hein van Grouw. Curator, Bird Group, Dept. of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street,. Tring, Herts, HP23 6AP, UK. e-mail: h.van-grouw@nhm.ac.uk. Two different Lappet-faced Vultures Torgos tracheliotos with remarkable white feathers over their bodies are seen.

Assessing the impact on birds of prey of nine established wind farms in Thrace, NE Greece

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kret, Elzbieta; Carcamo, Beatriz; Zografou, Christina; Vasilakis, Dimitris

2011-07-01

Full text: In this study, we evaluate the impact on birds of prey of nine already established wind farms in Thrace, where a large scale wind farm development project of at least 930 MW is under development. Moreover, the area is acknowledged as of high ornithological interest, used for nesting, wintering and passage by rare territorial birds of prey, including the Near Threatened black vultures that use it for foraging. Finally, ca 50% of the wind farm development project area is covered by Natura 2000 sites. During the monitoring (2008-2010), carcass surveys were carried out in order to estimate mortality. In addition, avian space use surveys were carried out, in order to calculate indexes and to establish comparisons with a previous monitoring study run in 2004-05. In total, 14 birds of prey were found dead (one black vulture, four griffon vultures, one booted eagle, two short-toed eagles, one western marsh harrier, one Eurasian sparrow hawk, three common buzzards, one hawk species). The estimated mortality rate was 0.152 birds of prey (including vultures/turbine/year). Griffon vultures, black vultures and common buzzards comprised more than 50% of observations in the study area. Crossing densities between wind turbines were positively correlated with east exposition and the inclination of the slope, and the length of the wind turbines. gaps, while it was negatively correlated with north exposition. The use of the area was more intensive four years after the initial monitoring, but numbers of common buzzard observations drastically decreased. We suggest that during the planning phase of wind farms it is important to avoid steep slopes, east expositions and to take into account the distance between consecutive wind turbines. Our findings indicate that running a post-construction monitoring during only one year may not be enough to properly assess the impact of wind farms on birds of prey. (Author)

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tidmus, Scott. Vol 71 (2016) - Articles Vulture updates - October 2016 - Around the World of Vultures & VSG activities. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's Partners · Terms and Conditions of Use ...

LA COMUNIDAD ANDINA EN EL MARCO DE LO JURÍDICO Y POLÍTICO

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Carolina Blanco Alvarado

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El Acuerdo de Cartagena ha sido considerado como el cimiento de la “construcción inte - gracionista” de los países andinos, el cual puede seguir adelante si se adopta una visión finalmente integradora. En el presente artículo se pretende analizar el proceso andino de integración desde la faceta política y jurídica, teniendo en cuenta que la producción académica de la Comunidad Andina se ha limitado a la perspectiva económica. Los avances investigativos en dichas facetas se fundamentan, principalmente, en el análisis de la legitimidad de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN, y en la necesidad de contextualizar a los estados andinos frente a la nueva realidad mundial en aspectos que superan el ámbito económico.

Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 53, Part 1

Science.gov (United States)

1999-12-01

Malhotra, V.M., International Conference on Devel- Yuan, R.C., Thompson, D.B., Cereal chemistry, July- Showa kichi oyobi Domu Fuji kansoku kyoteni...cryogenic system. Microflora of the deep glacier horizons of Central de Ia banda C, en los estudios del medio ambi- Antarctica. ente, sector andino y...extra- andino de la Patago- Schiek, S., Bell, G., SPIE-The International Soci- Abyzov, S.S., Mitskevich, I.N., Poglazova, M.N., nia, Argentina] Vol

Sendero Luminoso: Origins, Outlooks, and Implications.

Science.gov (United States)

1986-06-01

means. The net result was a small shortage in the regional cities of potatoes and local cereals . This was by no means catastrophic, in light of the...Indigena," in Ideologia V. Mesianica del Mundo Andino , ed. Juan M. Ossio (Lima: Grafica Morson, 1973), p. 37.- 61 with the Spanish imperial society and...Mundo Andino , ed. Juan M. Ossio (Lima: Grafica Morson, 1973), p. 118. 53Fernando Fuenzalida, "Informe Antropologico," pp. 45-47. 62 S

Indígenas andinos en Chile Colonial: Inmigración, inserción espacial, integración económica y movilidad social (Santiago, Siglos XVI-XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valenzuela Márquez, Jaime

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Beginning with the 16th century conquering expeditions, many Andean natives who served the Spaniards arrived in Chile, where they settled in and integrated in the work and social areas of this outlying «New World»; they formed local networks and relationships, had offspring; a number of them became artisans and some drafted wills or left their mark in ecclesiastical or notarized documents that provide us with an idea of their mobility and local integration. This work offers a background and reveals the principle hubs of a process resembling a medullar structure, in order to understand how the early Chilean colonial society was made up. At the same time, it provides insights into the phenomena of movement, uprooting and settlement of the indigenous population in the southern Peruvian viceroyalty.

Desde las expediciones de conquista del siglo XVI llegaron a Chile numerosos indígenas andinos que sirvieron a los españoles, se asentaron y se integraron en los espacios laborales y sociales de este «nuevo mundo» periférico; formaron redes y parentescos locales, tuvieron descendencia, varios se transformaron en artesanos y algunos dictaron testamentos o dejaron huellas en documentos eclesiásticos y notariales que nos permiten observar su movilidad e inserción local. Este trabajo aporta antecedentes y desvela los principales ejes de un proceso que aparece como medular para entender la formación de la sociedad colonial chilena temprana y, a la vez, para dar cuenta de fenómenos de circulación, desarraigo y asentamiento de población indígena en el virreinato peruano meridional.

Poéticas andinas: Willanakuy willanakuy kasqan, Cuento es cuento

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Gonzalo Espino Relucé

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Este texto se ubica dentro de lo que se conoce como epistemologías del Sur. El enunciado básico que trabajaré será: las formas discursivas andinas están plegadas a la cosmovisión andina. La narración en los Andes está asociada a la manera como la gente concibe y vive su cotidianidad y la expresa como poética andina. La comprensión de esta supone cuatro aspectos mutuamente relacionados: (1 los relatos orales aparecen soldados a la comprensión del ser cultural andino; (2 la naturaleza distintiva del relato corresponde a la dimensión de un discurso que se justifica como ejercicio de la palabra; (3 las estrategias propias del relato andino quechua (aymara o en castellano andino enmarcan la situación del relato (un tiempo narrativo –sqa– y una manera de validar lo que se dice –s ~ –si; (4 la palabra viene acompañada de un conjunto de lenguajes que hacen posible su realización. La voz no es posible si no va acompañada del cuerpo. En nuestro artículo apelaremos a relatos que actualmente se escuchan y que provienen de la lengua quechua,  aymara y del castellano andino.

DEFORMACION CORTICAL Y PELIGRO SISMICO ASOCIADO A LA FALLA SAN RAMON EN EL FRENTE CORDILLERANO DE SANTIAGO, CHILE CENTRAL (33°S)

OpenAIRE

RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES; RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES

2011-01-01

1) El orógeno Andino es fundamentalmente bi-vergente, incluyendo un gran sistema de fallas inversas cabalgantes en el frente occidental chileno, que son sintéticas con respecto al acoplamiento tectónico causante de la orogenia Andina (subducción de la placa Nazca, oceánica, bajo la placa Sudamericana, continental); 2) El funcionamiento del Cabalgamiento Andino Occidental (West Andean Thrust, WAT), documentado por la estructura con vergencia oeste de la Cordillera Principal en Chile, tiene ...

DEVOCIONES DE INMIGRANTES: INDÍGENAS ANDINOS Y PLURIETNICIDAD URBANA EN LA CONFORMACIÓN DE COFRADÍAS COLONIALES (SANTIAGO DE CHILE, SIGLO XVII

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Jaime Valenzuela Márquez

2010-06-01

Full Text Available En los orígenes de Chile colonial nos encontramos con numerosos indígenas andinos que sirvieron a los españoles, se asentaron y se integraron en los espacios laborales y sociales de este “nuevo mundo” periférico; formaron redes y parentescos locales, tuvieron descendencia, varios se transformaron en artesanos y algunos dictaron testamentos o dejaron huellas en documentos eclesiásticos y notariales que nos permiten observar su participación en las cofradías de la capital chilena. Estas corporaciones, por su parte, si bien remiten a una finalidad eminentemente religiosa, también actúan como un canal privilegiado para la inserción y movilidad de población diversa. Bajo esta perspectiva, nuestro artículo analiza las principales cofradías en las cuales participaron estos inmigrantes, vinculando prácticas religiosas, redes sociales y espacios laborales. Las cofradías estudiadas se revelan, entonces, como instancias representativas de la diversidad de orígenes geográficos y étnicos de sus integrantes, así como de la pluralidad de referentes identitarios que circulaban e interactuaban en un escenario urbano colonial como Santiago de Chile.In the origins of colonial Chile it is possible to find numerous Andean Indians who worked for Spaniards, settled and were integrated in labor and social spaces of this peripheral “new world”. They established local nets and relationships, and had descendants. Many became craftmen and some left wills or traces on ecclesiastic and notarial documents that allow us to observe their participation in brotherhoods created in Chile’s capital. These corporations had a religious aim, but worked as privileged channels for the insertion and mobility of diverse people. Under this premise, this article analyzes the main brotherhoods in which these immigrants participated, linking religious practices with their social nets and working spaces. The brotherhoods studied reveal themselves as instances that

Recursos forestales para la vivienda

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Olga Elgueta A.

1984-06-01

Full Text Available En una visita a la Universidad del Bío-Bío, realizada por el arquitecto peruano Cristián Arbaiza, dio a conocer detalladamente cuáles fueron los propósitos que tuvo el Pacto Andino -del cual es funcionario- para ocuparse de la forestación tropical y su relación con la vivienda, aspectos considerados fundamentales en el estudio de soluciones que permitan paliar el grave déficit habitacional que afecta a los países que componen el grupo subregional andino.

Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Ngaio Richards, Irene Zorrilla, Joseph Lalah, Peter Otieno, Isabel Fernandez, Monica Calvino, Joaquin Garcia ...

Caracterización genética del puma andino boliviano (Puma concolor en el Parque Nacional Sajama (PNS y relaciones con otras poblaciones de pumas del noroccidente de Sudamérica Genetic characterization of the Bolivian Andean puma (Puma concolor at the Sajama National Park (SNP and relationships with other north-western South American puma populations

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MANUEL RUIZ-GARCÍA

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron originalmente 25 muestras fecales de puma andino boliviano para proceder a su extracción de ADN. De esas 25 muestras, se detectaron cinco pumas diferentes que, junto, a tres de pieles de animales cazados, completaron un total de ocho pumas andinos bolivianos analizados. Igualmente se analizaron 45 muestras de ADN procedentes de pumas silvestres de Colombia, Perú, Ecuador, Venezuela y Amazonia occidental brasileña obtenidas a partir de mechones de pelos con bulbo, trocitos de pieles, músculo y dientes. Todas ellas se genotipificaron para siete marcadores microsatélites (Fea 08, 24, 43, 45, 96, 126 y 391. Los niveles de diversidad genética resultaron muy elevados en ambas muestras (H = 0,942 y 0,845; respectivamente, con valores muy superiores a los reportados para pumas norteamericanos. Diversos análisis de asignación poblacional mostraron que los pumas andinos bolivianos no formaron un grupo consistentemente diferente del otro grupo de pumas analizado. Únicamente un marcador, Fea 96, mostró heterogeneidad genética significativa entre ambos grupos. Sin embargo, globalmente, esa heterogeneidad fue extremadamente pequeña (F ST, G ST, R ST. Por el contrario, las estimas de flujo génico entre ambas agrupaciones fueron elevadas para toaos los procedimientos empleados. La estimación del parámetro θ (= 4Neμ mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud de Nielsen (1997 mostró que la muestra boliviana es una extensión indiferenciable de la otra agrupación de pumas de otros países latinoamericanos. Por lo tanto, este estudio aporta resultados concluyentes en favor de un único acervo genético de pumas en el nor-occidente de Sudamérica, en contraste con las tradicionales clasificaciones morfológicas y morfométricas que habían identificado un número considerable de subespecies de puma en esta región de Latinoamérica.Twenty-five Andean Bolivian fecal samples were obtained for extracting DNA. Five different Andean

Vulture populations in Pakistan and the Gyps Vulture Restoration ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

near 50%, suggesting that extinction, at least across most of the range for these. March 2008 ... (approximately 90 km north-west of. Multan), were extinct by the 2003/2004 breeding season. .... Worldwide: Proceedings of the VI World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls,. Budapest, Hungary, 18-23 May 2003. Chancellor ...

Egyptian Vultures and the principle of subspecies in vultures

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

“abnormal pigmentation” (Porter &. Suleiman 2012). (ii) an adult was photographed in northern Ethiopia (410E) in December. 2010, and was noted as “considerably ... Cramp & Simmons 1980) has provided some real data on percnopterus skins from museums, to compare against the average of ginginianus from literature.

Mighty vulture back from near extinction | Nickerson | Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal Home > Vol 56 (2007) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register · Download this PDF file. The PDF file you selected should load here if your Web browser has a PDF reader plug-in installed (for example, a recent version of Adobe Acrobat Reader).

Estrategias de entrada a un oligopolio.

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Juan Benjamín Duarte Duarte

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Entre octubre de 2004 y agosto de 2005 se presentó en Colombia una guerra de precios entre las principales cementeras del país y la empresa Cementos Andino, una compañía que buscaba proteger su participación del 9% del mercado mediante estrategias de precios, su actividad de mercadeo y su posición geográfica. No es claro aún quién inició dicha situación, que finalizó con la venta de Cementos Andino. Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación realizada respecto a ese evento. Esta hace uso de la valoración con simulación de Montecarlo y de la teoría de juegos. Este trabajo permite el análisis de tres aspectos fundamentales de dicha situación: 1 las posibles causas de la venta de Cementos Andino, 2 el pensamiento estratégico en un oligopolio y 3 el papel del gobierno en estos sectores.

Cosmovisión Aymara y su Aplicación Práctica en un Contexto Sanitario del Norte de Chile.

OpenAIRE

Valdivia, María Paz

2006-01-01

El Aymara es un pueblo andino milenario dedicado al pastoreo y a la agricultura, que tiene su origen alrededor del lago Titicaca, comprendiendo lo que en la actualidad es parte de Bolivia y Perú, norte de Chile y norte de Argentina. Todo lo relevante al orden Aymara se vincula con sus creencias que se manifiestan en ritos y ceremonias. En el mundo andino, el concepto de salud no se restringe sólo al bienestar físico y psíquico, sino que incluye el equilibrio y bienestar social y económico de...

La República peregrina: hombres de armas y letras en América Andina, 1810-1884

OpenAIRE

Thibaud, Clément

2014-01-01

Del 18 al 20 de mayo de 2005 se realizó en el Instituto de Estudios Peruanos el coloquio internacional «La República peregrina: Hombres de armas y letras en América Andina, 1810-1884». El evento, co-organizado por el Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos y el IEP, reunió durante tres días a una veintena de historiadores especialistas en el siglo XIX, provenientes de todos los países andinos —de Chile hasta Venezuela, pasando por Argentina—, pero también de Inglaterra, Francia y Estados Unidos...

Coloquio internacional «Pensar las cárceles de América Latina»

OpenAIRE

Constant, Chloé

2014-01-01

Del 22 al 25 de abril de 2014, en las instalaciones de la Alianza Francesa de Lima, se llevó a cabo el coloquio internacional «Pensar las cárceles de América Latina» que reunió a 25 expositores, oriundos de México, El Salvador, Colombia, Venezuela, Perú, Argentina, Brasil y Francia. Organizado por Chloé Constant y Chloé Paux, el evento se realizó gracias al Servicio de Cooperación Regional para los Países Andinos de la Embajada de Francia en el Perú, al Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos (...

El nacionalismo cosmopolita. La referencia europea en la construcción nacional de Colombia 1845-1900

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Vera Weiler

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Frédéric Martínez, El nacionalismo cosmopolita. La referencia europea en la construcción nacional de Colombia 1845-1900. Bogotá, Banco de la Repúblicallnstituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 2001, 580 páginas. El libro, esperado desde que su autor presentara los primeros avances de su investigación en forma de ponencias y artículos, es la traducción de una tesis doctoral sustentada en la Sorbona en 1997 y publicada en su lengua original, por el Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos.

Las sirenas de Sarhua

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Luis Millones

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es producto de una investigación sobre uno de los motivos más llamativos y recurrentes en las Tablas de Sarhua: la sirena.Realizamos una aproximación a este motivo, que originalmente aparece en la literatura clásica occidental, con la finalidad de explicar las razones de su presencia en el arte andino. Para tal efecto transcribimos algunos testimoniosque, desde una cosmovisión netamente andina, dan cuenta de una serie de creencias vinculadas con el ámbito musical, en el que las sirenas juegan un papel central.Palabras claves: Tablas de Sarhua, sirena, arte andino, música andina.

Conservation genetics of Iberian raptors

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Martinez–Cruz, B.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper I provide an overview of conservation genetics and describe the management actions in the wild that can benefit from conservation genetic studies. I describe the genetic factors of risk for the survival of wild species, the consequences of loss of genetic diversity, inbreeding and outbreeding depression, and the use of genetic tools to delimitate units of conservation. Then I introduce the most common applications of conservation genetics in the management of wild populations. In a second part of the paper I review the conservation genetic studies carried on the Iberian raptors. I introduce several studies on the Spanish imperial eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture and the red kite that were carried out using autosomal microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA sequencing. I describe studies on the lesser kestrel and Egyptian vulture that additionally applied major histocompatibility complex (MHC markers, with the purpose of incorporating the study of non–neutral variation. For every species I explain how these studies can be and/or are applied in the strategy of conservation in the wild.

Vulture News: Submissions

African Journals Online (AJOL)

On first mention in all articles, the generally accepted English common name of a species should be followed by the scientific binomial. Thereafter the English name should be used. Scientific names and all non-English words, with the exception of those adopted into the English language, should be in italics. Journal names ...

Calibration of a PHREEQC Based Geochemical Model to Predict Surface Water Discharge Compositions from an Operating Uranium Mill in the Athabasca Basin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahoney, John J.; Frey, Ryan A.

2014-01-01

Objectives: • Develop predictive model to estimate concentrations in the Sink Vulture Treated Effluent Management System (SVTEMS) for AREVA Resources Canada McClean Lake Mill: • Sink Reservoir, Vulture and McClean Lakes; • PHREEQC based calculations for geochemistry; • Employ PHREEPLOT for data fittings. • Model designed to predict concentrations in response to changing conditions, including: • Different ores; • Different processes; • Different waters sources; • Changing treatment conditions; • This is a batch mixing model: • Think well mixed beakers; • Each model represents one year; • No year-to-year carry over in models

Reflexiones etnográficas sobre la «ciudadanía transnacional». Prácticas políticas de andinos en el sur de Europa

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Suárez Navaz, Liliana

2010-08-01

Full Text Available This article explores from an ethnographic perspective the political practices of migrants in a transnational public sphere, based in a study case of Andean Ecuadorians in Spain. It emphasizes the connections between the impact of immigrants settling in Madrid and their efforts to maintain a socioeconomic and political presence in their community of origin, looking at the way new practices of transnational citizenship are established in current neoliberal age. It proposes the category of transnational social fields in the bourdieuan sense to scrutinize how territory, identity and residence are redefined to build up a new cartography of inclusion and exclusion from citizenship rights and duties across national frontiers. It offers some empirical findings to illustrate the way new structures of sociocultural stratification are built both in the origin and destiny countries through these new transnational political practices. These insights are contextualized within some key theoretical debates around the new proposals of transnational citizenship.

Este trabajo explora desde una perspectiva etnográfica las prácticas políticas de migrantes en una esfera pública transnacional, en base a un estudio de caso de ecuatorianos andinos en España. Enfatiza las interconexiones que se producen entre el impacto del asentamiento de los inmigrantes en Madrid y sus esfuerzos por mantener una presencia socioeconómica y política activa en su comunidad de origen, analizando el modo en el que las nuevas prácticas de ciudadanía transnacional se configuran en la actual era neoliberal. Se propone la categoría de campo migratorio transnacional en el sentido bourdieuano para profundizar cómo el territorio, la identidad y la residencia se redefinen en una nueva cartografía de inclusión y exclusión de los derechos y deberes de ciudadanía a través de las fronteras. Se ofrecen algunos resultados empíricos que ilustran las nuevas estructuras de

Lenguaje y cognición en la cosmovisión andina

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Félix Quesada Castillo

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la categoría de número en el sistema de persona en las lenguas quechua y aimara. El análisis se sustenta en consideraciones tanto diacrónicas como sincrónicas y el autor evalúa las propuestas inscritas en la lingüística andina. Sobre la base de este análisis, se establece la posiblecorrelación del sistema morfológico con la cosmovisión del hombre andino.Al respecto, el autor incide en las sustantivas diferencias de la cognición andina con respecto a la estructura morfológica de una lengua occidental como la castellana. Palabras claves: Quechua, aimara, cognición, sistema de persona, cosmovisión andina.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Raptors

Science.gov (United States)

Oaks, J. Lindsay; Meteyer, Carol U.; Miller, R. Eric; Fowler, Murray E.

2012-01-01

The use of analgesia has become standard, and appropriate, practice in avian medicine. As in mammals, pain control in avian patients is usually accomplished with opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used singly or in combination for a multimodal approach. Despite their usefulness, widespread use, and relative safety in clinical use, few controlled studies in birds have been conducted on efficacy, safety, and dosing. The guidelines for the use of NSAIDs in raptors and other birds have mainly been empirical. More recently, NSAIDs in free-living raptors have emerged as a major conservation issue with the discovery that diclofenac sodium was responsible for the population crash of three species of Gyps vultures in southern Asia. In this context, residues of veterinary NSAIDs in domestic animals are now considered environmental contaminants that can be significantly toxic to vultures and possibly other avian scavengers. Ironically, the disaster with Asian vultures has led to a considerable body of research on NSAIDs in raptors to the benefit of clinicians who now have scientific information available to help assess dosing, safety, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs in their raptor patients.

Confirmed organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in South African wildlife (2009–2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christo J. Botha

2015-12-01

Full Text Available During a six-year period (from January 2009 to December 2014, specimens collected from 344 cases of suspected organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in wildlife, including birds, were submitted to the Toxicology Laboratory (ARC-OVI for analysis. A positive diagnosis was made in 135 (39% of these cases. The majority of cases were from birds, which included Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres and African white-backed vultures (Gyps africanus and bateleur eagles (Terathopius ecaudatus. In one incident 49 vultures were killed when a farmer intentionally laced carcasses with carbofuran in an attempt to control jackal predation. There were 22 incidents of poisoning in helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris. On nine different occasions blue cranes (Anthropoides paradiseus were poisoned, in one incident 14 birds were reported to have been killed. Over the period of investigation, there were 20 cases of poisoning involving mammalian species, the majority being vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus. The carbamate pesticides were responsible for 57 incidents of poisoning. Aldicarb, carbofuran and methomyl were detected in 26, 18 and 12 cases respectively. The majority of organophosphorus pesticide poisonings were caused by diazinon (n = 19, monocrotophos (n = 13 and methamidophos (n = 10.

Aportes amazonicos al formativo andino*

OpenAIRE

Morales Chocano, Daniel

2014-01-01

RESUMEN La tesis de J.C Tello sobre los orígenes amazónicos de la cultura Chavín ha tenido en la iconografía amazónica presente en Chavin sus argumentos mas fuertes, sin embargo, falta mucho por investigar el aspecto ideológico que representan esos iconos como el jaguar, las cabezas trofeo y el uso de alucinógenos, los cuales indudablemente se vinculan al chamanismo amazónico.

Estructura comunitaria de diatomeas presentes en los sedimentos superficiales de ocho lagos andinos de Chile central Diatoms community structure in superficial sediments of eight Andean lakes of central Chile

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INGRID E ALVIAL

2008-03-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizó la estructura comunitaria de diatomeas depositadas en los sedimentos superficiales de ocho lagos andinos chilenos ubicados entre los 32°49' y 38°48' S. Se encontró un total de 99 taxa de diatomeas, distribuidos en 48 géneros. Del total de taxa, 74 fueron identificados a nivel de especie siendo todos ellos cosmopolitas a excepción de Eunotia andinofrequens, Gomphonema punae, Pinnularia araucanensis y Pinnularia acidicola, entre otras, que están descritos solo para el Hemisferio Sur. Por otro lado, las muestras analizadas presentaron distinta composición florística de diatomeas. De esta manera, en los ensambles diatomológicos depositados en los sedimentos de las lagunas de altura Ocho, Huifa, Ensueño y Negra ubicadas sobre los 2.860 m del nivel del mar, abundaron especies bentónicas, típicas de aguas oligotróficas y acidas como Achnanthidium exiguum, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema minutum, Pinnularia acidicola y Planothidium lanceolatum. En los ensambles diatomológicos de los lagos Galletué, Icalma y Laja, ubicados bajo los 1.360 m del nivel del mar, abundaron diatomeas planctónicas, características de aguas alcalinas y mesotróficas como Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira distans, Aulacoseira granulata, Cyclotella stelligera y Rhopalodia gibbaIn this research the taxonomic structure of diatoms in sediments of high mountain lakes was studied. These lakes are located in Chile between 32°49' and 38°48' S in the Andean Cordillera. A total of 99 diatom taxa distributed in 48 genera were identified and all this taxa are cosmopolitan excepting a Eunotia andinofrequens, Gomphonema punae, Pinnularia araucanensis and Pinnularia acidicola, which are know only for the Southern Hemisphere. The assemblages of diatoms were different in the studied lakes. So the high mountain lakes Ocho, Huifa, Ensueño and Negra, dominated benthic diatoms which are typical of oligotrophic and acid waters as Achnanthidium

Concursos

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Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico Banco de la República

1995-09-01

Full Text Available Se presenta la información y las bases para los siguientes concursos; Concurso Enka de literatura infantil Premio Andino; Becas para Jóvenes Talentos en Música y Artes Plásticas.

ENTRE LO INDIO, LO NEGRO Y LO INCAICO: LA JERARQUÍA ESPACIAL DE LA DIFERENCIA EN EL PERÚ MULTICULTURAL

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Shane Greene

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina los problemas encontrados por un programa estatal sobre multiculturalismo afro-indígena en Perú dentro del marco de la historia intelectual de la nación, sus regiones, y las ideologías que las gobiernan. En vez de presentar un recuento comparativo sobre las políticas aplicadas a afro-descendientes e indígenas a nivel regional Latinoamericano enfatizando «raza» versus «cultura» arguyo que se debe prestar más atención a las formas en las que el multiculturalismo afro-indígena se «peruaniza» en el proceso de la expansión global/regional. El caso peruano es particularmente interesante por la forma en la que el Estado separa sus sujetos multiculturales por región (reconociendo los andinos, amazónicos, y afroperuanos que son implícitamente de la costa. También analizo cómo la larga fascinación de la nación con la figura del inca permite que los andinos tengan un estatus de elite indígena dentro de la imaginación multicultural. La influencia histórica de lo que llamo el «apartado inca» sugiere posibilidades para poder comparar todos aquellos sujetos definidos como no andinos / no incas, y particularmente para los afroperuanos e indígenas amazónicos en este contexto.

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

introduced veterinary pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac is a non steroidal anti- inflammatory (NSAID) drug administered to livestock on the Indian subcontinent. Diclofenac is administered for many of the same reasons that a human might take aspirin or ibuprofen, it masks nominal pain and discomfort and gets us back on our feet ...

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-01-30

Jan 30, 2006 ... extensive visceral gout (a buildup of uric acid crystals in the internal organs associated with renal failure). The birds often appeared sick and lethargic, some showed prolonged severe neck drooping, before collapsing—sometimes from their perches. Intensive testing failed to implicate infectious disease ...

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-09-02

Sep 2, 2006 ... area in eastern Mali (Rondeau et al. in prep), along with the Gandamia colony of Gourma, Mali – once the largest in West Africa (Elósegui 1975) that is now virtually abandoned (Rondeau &. Thiollay 2004, Thiollay 2006), there is no overpopulation, nor lack of suitable cliffs, to explain the tree-nesting ...

Tagged vulture causes concerns

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2008-09-15

Sep 15, 2008 ... Italy, Croatia, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia,. Macedonia, Turkey, Jordan, Sinai and even from Saudi Arabia. Together with. Orr Spiegel we fit 40 GPS-loggers (these are not transmitters) as part of a feeding and demography study, in addition to a smaller number of GPS/PTT transmitters received from Argos.

Vulture News: Advanced Search

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Search tips: Search terms are case-insensitive; Common words are ignored; By default only articles containing all terms in the query are returned (i.e., AND is implied); Combine multiple words with OR to find articles containing either term; e.g., education OR research; Use parentheses to create more complex queries; e.g., ...

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-06-18

Jun 18, 2006 ... near San Lucas, but the marksmen didn't use non-lead ammunition. Condors eat only carrion – dead carcasses – and are highly susceptible to lead poisoning if they ingest lead bullet ... came in and started eating everything,”. Petersen said. News of the ... And yet the state refuses to act.” Earlier this.

VULTURE NEWS 55.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-09-02

Sep 2, 2006 ... to scan the hills with binoculars. To my shock, just 20 feet away, I found myself looking into the ruby eyes of a condor. It was perched on the brink of a cliff, just beyond a guard rail, overlooking. Sea Lion Cove and the Pacific Ocean. The condor stared straight at me as if wondering when I might be ready for.

Arquitectura y vivienda campesina en tres pueblos andinos: Yanque, Lari y Coporaque en el valle del río Colca, Arequipa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1994-01-01

hasta el presente. Este trabajo aporta un testimonio histórico y antropológico que podría ser un modelo valioso para realizar un análisis comparativo con los pueblos en otros valles andinos. ARCHITECTURE AND PEASANT HOMES IN THREE ANDEAN VILLAGES: YANQUE, LARI AND COPORAQUE IN THE COLCA VALLEY, PERU. This essay discusses the civil architecture in Yanque, Lari and Coporaque, three of the 16 'Indians villages' founded in the Colca Valley of southern Peru in the 1570s, during the rule of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo. The first part of the article describes the general layout of the villages and their architectural characteristics. The second part enters more fully into the technology and use of villagers' homes and compares traditional 'modern' styles and building materials. Contemporary historical and anthropological literature offers little information on the subject of peasant housing in peruvian mountain villages. Hopefully, this essay will be of value for comparative research in other Andean villages.

DE CHARANGO A CHILLADOR. CONFLUENCIAS MUSICALES EN LA ESTUDIANTINA ALTIPLANICA.

OpenAIRE

PONCE VALDIVIA, OMAR PERCY; PONCE VALDIVIA, OMAR PERCY

2008-01-01

En el presente trabajo enfocaremos un proceso musical que ha estado distante de las construcciones discursivas acerca del instrumento andino denominado charango, tanto desde las referencias escritas, como desde las asunciones ideológicas de lo nacional y 179p.

VIGILANCE POISON: Illegal poisoning and lead intoxication are the main factors affecting avian scavenger survival in the Pyrenees (France).

Science.gov (United States)

Berny, Philippe; Vilagines, Lydia; Cugnasse, Jean-Marc; Mastain, Olivier; Chollet, Jean-Yves; Joncour, Guy; Razin, Martine

2015-08-01

A specific surveillance program has been set up to monitor avian scavenger populations in the French Pyrenean Mountains, hosting a high proportion of the French populations. The two main purposes of the study were to identify all causes of death and to investigate poisoning cases. All 170 birds found dead during the 7-year program were submitted to full necropsy, X-Ray, parasitological investigations and consistent analytical toxicology screenings (Cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulant rodenticides, organochlorine insecticides, Pb, Cd). Over the study period, 8 Bearded Vultures, 120 Griffon Vultures, 8 Egyptian Vultures and 34 Red kites were eventually collected. Mortality events were often multifactorial, but poisoning was by far the most common cause of death (24.1%), followed by trauma/fall (12%), bacterial diseases and starvation (8%) and electrocution (6%). Illicit use of banned pesticides was identified as a common cause of poisoning (53% of all poisoning cases) and lead poisoning was also identified as a significant toxicant issue (17% of all poisoning cases). Lead isotopic signature could be associated primarily with ammunition. Last, a positive association between trauma and lead contamination was detected, indicating that lead could be a significant contributor to different causes of death. These results urge for severe restrictions on the use of lead ammunition to prevent scavengers from detrimental exposure. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology - Vol 77, No 1 (2006)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Adaptive benefits of differential post-fledging development patterns in the Lesser Flamingo ... Breeding records and nest site preference of Hooded Vultures in the greater Kruger ... The Bird-watcher's Companion to North American Birdlife

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Many animal species benefit from resources provided by other species. ... 98), we observed behavioral interactions at the Punta Lobería Southern Sea-lion ... by Black Vulture Coragyps atratus, Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus and Domestic Dogs.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2013). International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. Vol 5, No 3 (2013). International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. Vol 30, No 1 (2018). South African Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol 66 (2014). Vulture News.

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User

Ilorin Journal of Religious Studies, (IJOURELS). Vol.7 No.2, 2017, ..... Bee, iah meaning Vulture , Zimri meaning a mountain Sheep ,. Jonah meaning Dove , ..... American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures Vol. 24, No. 1. (1907) ...

El espejo europeo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Orlando Melo

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El nacionalismo cosmopolita. La referencia europea en la construcción nacional en Colombia, 1845-1900. Frédéric Martínez. Banco de la República, Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Bogotá, 2001, 580 págs.

Liberales, protestantes y masones, modernidad y tolerancia religiosa. Perú, siglo XIX. [Reseña

OpenAIRE

Cuesta-Alonso, M.R. (Marcelino R.)

1999-01-01

Reseña de: Fernando ARMAS ASÍN, Liberales, protestantes y masones, modernidad y tolerancia religiosa. Perú, siglo XIX, Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos «Bartolomé de las Casas» - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Cusco (Perú) 1998, 298 pp.

African Zoology - Vol 25, No 3 (1990)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Food choice and diet of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus in southern Africa · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. C.J. Brown, I Plug, 169-177 ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

Mar 1, 2007 ... most colonies of Cape Vultures have gone extinct; a southern colony is the only one showing ... have disappeared first around Lesotho causing both species' range to retract into ... plants and animals have shifted their.

Las autoridades indígenas y los símbolos de prestigio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cora Bunster

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo analiza el significado de los emblemas de poder y prestigio usados por las autoridades indígenas durante los siglos XVI y XVII, en el Virreinato del Perú. A través de los mismos los jefes étnicos legitiman su posición frente a la naciente sociedad colonial y ante sus propios ayllus. Se observan dos actitudes con respecto al uso de los mismos. Una es la adopción de formas pertenecientes a la cultura del colonizador ya que la integración de elementos foráneos es necesaria para la construcción y reconstrucción de la identidad y legitimidad cacicales. La otra es la utilización y alusión a símbolos de prestigio netamente andinos como vehículo de reafirmación de la identidad étnica local y como medio de lograr una jerarquización social frente al “otro” europeo en una sociedad en formación compuesta por españoles y andinos. Se examinan primero probanzas de mérito, reales cédulas y memoriales, cuyos protagonistas y/o autores son siempre señores étnicos que desean obtener algún beneficio material o de status social. Luego se analizan los cronistas andinos quienes mostraron en sus obras la naturaleza de la organización social de su pueblo, además de ser los primeros en expresar una crítica a la conquista. En ambos casos, sus autores hacen de la escritura un dispositivo decisivo para su reproducción e identidad como miembros de una elite

Selected mineral and heavy metal concentrations in blood and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Unknown

Pb in the dead vultures were generally above values characteristic of heavy metal poisoning. ... of the food chain), may accumulate and concentrate heavy metals in their ..... µg/g wet weight) (Honda et al., 1990), which validates the order of ...

Vulture News - Vol 53 (2005)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Poisoning of seventeen Eurasian Griffons by carbofuran on the Island of Rab, Croatia, in December 2004 · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Gordana Pavokovic, Goran Susic, 24-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v53i1.37632 ...

Book Reviews | Mundy | Vulture News

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(2015) Ministry of Environment and Tourism, and Namibia Nature Foundation, Windhoek. 320pp. ISBN 978-9-9945-0082-6. Book Review 3. Book Title: The 2015 Eskom Red Data Book of birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Book Authors: M.R. Taylor, F Peacock & R.M. Wanless (Eds.) (2015) BirdLife South Africa, ...

Vulture News - Vol 72 (2017)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Ngaio Richards, Irene Zorrilla, Joseph Lalah, Peter Otieno, Isabel Fernandez, Monica Calvino, Joaquin Garcia ...

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

... Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Foundation for the Conservation of the Bearded Vulture (FCQ), Zaragoza, Spain; Biodiversity Service, Agriculture and Environmental Department, Aragón Government, Aragón, Spain; Wildlife Conservation Centre La Alfranca, Zaragoza, Spain; Surgery Unit, ...

Wind effects on the migration routes of trans-Saharan soaring raptors: geographical, seasonal, and interspecific variation

Science.gov (United States)

Vidal-Mateo, Javier; Mellone, Ugo; López-López, Pascual; La Puente, Javier De; García-Ripollés, Clara; Bermejo, Ana; Urios, Vicente

2016-01-01

Abstract Wind is among the most important environmental factors shaping birds’ migration patterns. Birds must deal with the displacement caused by crosswinds and their behavior can vary according to different factors such as flight mode, migratory season, experience, and distance to goal areas. Here we analyze the relationship between wind and migratory movements of three raptor species which migrate by soaring–gliding flight: Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, booted eagle Aquila pennata, and short-toed snake eagle Circaetus gallicus. We analyzed daily migratory segments (i.e., the path joining consecutive roosting locations) using data recorded by GPS satellite telemetry. Daily movements of Egyptian vultures and booted eagles were significantly affected by tailwinds during both autumn and spring migrations. In contrast, daily movements of short-toed eagles were only significantly affected by tailwinds during autumn migration. The effect of crosswinds was significant in all cases. Interestingly, Egyptian vultures and booted eagles showed latitudinal differences in their behavior: both species compensated more frequently at the onset of autumn migration and, at the end of the season when reaching their wintering areas, the proportion of drift segments was higher. In contrast, there was a higher drift at the onset of spring migration and a higher compensation at the end. Our results highlight the effect of wind patterns on the migratory routes of soaring raptors, with different outcomes in relation to species, season, and latitude, ultimately shaping the loop migration patterns that current tracking techniques are showing to be widespread in many long distance migrants. PMID:29491895

ARTICLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Traders identified the following traits ascribed to vulture remains: treatment of epilepsy, insanity, stroke, ease of delivery in women, spiritual protection against witches and witchcraft, evil spirits, good luck (during gambling, money doubling, competition, contest), to stimulate walking in infants, and to gain supernatural powers.

Conservation of the Red Kite Milvus milvus (Aves: Accipitriformes) is not affected by the establishment of a broad hybrid zone with the Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans in central Europe

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Heneberg, P.; Dolinay, Matej; Matušík, H.; Pfeiffer, T.; Nachtigall, W.; Bizos, J.; Šimčíková, D.; Literák, I.

2016-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 7 (2016), č. článku 159202. E-ISSN 1932-6203 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Old-World vultures * mitochondrial DNA * harriers circus * bird * gene * sterility * Eagles * hybridization * phylogeny Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.806, year: 2016

Adaptation aux changements climatiques et équité en Colombie rurale

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Articles de revue. Recent waves of water governance : constitutional reform and resistance to neoliberalization in Latin America (1990-2012); GEOFORUM (50: 20-30) - final version. Téléchargez le PDF. Documents. Equidad, eficiencia y escala en la asignación de agua en los países Andinos : sinergia o conflicto? 52993 ...

Vegetación halófila de tres localidades andinas en la vertiente pácifica del sur de perú

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Montesinos, D.B.

2012-01-01

Se describen las comunidades vegetales halófilas halladas en tres ecosistemas andinos en los departamentos de Arequipa y Moquegua (sur de Perú) en campos con influencia de pastoreo, fuego, abandono de agricultura o ocupando suelos inundados en las márgenes de los ríos. Se aplicó la metodología

The Andean Common Market: An Experiment in Regional Cooperation.

Science.gov (United States)

Carlson, Reynold E.

The Grupo Andino (GRAN) was formed in 1969 as an effort at economic integration by six Latin American countries (Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). It was an outgrowth of its predecessor, the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA), which had been formed in 1960 with eleven member countries. The Andean Group (GRAN) from…

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS, NOTES AND REPORTS Record of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

50. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS, NOTES AND. REPORTS. Record of Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus from Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan,. India. Sailaja Nayak1*, Sunny Shah2 and Jimmy Borah2 .... Prey status and abundance in Mukundara Hills Tiger. Reserve. Technical Report, WWF-India. Rao, J.P. ...

Observations on the population and breeding status of the African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The breeding success of the nests of 60 African White-backed Vultures Gyps africanus, nine Black-chested Snake Eagles Circaetus pectoralis and 12 Secretarybirds Sagittarius serpentarius was monitored for three years, during a seven-year population dynamics study on raptors in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP).

Articles

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ZeldaH

better method than a bird carrying us up to the heavens. ... on the Gulf of Khambhat at 250 km north of Mumbai .... connected to the war-god Ares, and thus affiliated to .... The role of vultures in the disposal of human corpses in India and. Tibet.

ARTICLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Migrants tended to fly higher in more stable air than local birds, which often fly low over the forest canopy .... Flapping rate of Turkey Vultures as a function of cloud cover in Costa Rica, autumn 2003. Data are ... layer in order to search for food.

Los 'Colorados': Etnohistoria y Toponimia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gómez-Rendón, J.

2015-01-01

Los "colorados" comprendían varios grupos étnicos emparentados etnolingüísticamente que ocupaban el piedemonte andino occidental desde El Carchi hasta Bolívar así como las tierras bajas del Pacífico en los sistemas hidrográficos de los ríos Esmeraldas y Guayas. Aunque la ocupación "colorada" de

Serologic evidence of exposure of raptors to influenza A virus.

Science.gov (United States)

Redig, Patrick T; Goyal, Sagar M

2012-06-01

Serum or plasma samples from raptors that prey or scavenge upon aquatic birds were tested by a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the evidence of antibodies to influenza A virus. Samples were taken from birds (n = 616) admitted to two rehabilitation centers in the United States. In addition, samples from 472 migrating peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) trapped on autumnal and vernal migrations for banding purposes were also tested. Only bald eagles were notably seropositive (22/406). One each of peregrine falcon, great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), and Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperi) from a total of 472, 81, and 100, respectively, were also positive. None of the turkey vultures (n = 21) or black vultures (n = 8) was positive. No clinical signs referable to avian influenza were seen in any bird at the time of capture. These data indicate that, among raptors, bald eagles do have exposure to influenza A viruses.

Carbono almacenado en páramo andino

OpenAIRE

Castañeda-Martín, Abel Efrén; Montes-Pulido, Carmen Rosa

2017-01-01

RESUMEN A pesar de la importancia del ecosistema de páramo en el ciclo global de carbono no se dispone de una síntesis que permita diferenciar si es la biomasa vegetal o el suelo el componente que acumula la mayor cantidad de carbono. En este documento se busca integrar los aspectos fundamentales relacionados con el carbono almacenado en el ecosistema de páramo, a través de: 1) Revisar las estimaciones de carbono en biomasa aérea y suelo reportadas por la literatura para el ecosistema de pára...

Items of interest from recent ornithological literature

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327-346. ii) Helbig, A.J., Kocum, A., Seibold, I. & Braun, M.J. 2005. A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles ... Genera: Gypohierax, Neophron and Gypaetus (Palm-nut and. Egyptian Vultures and Lammergeier) iv. Perninae: Kites that specialise on insects, bees or wasp larvae.

Validation of the EU Environmental Risk Assessment for Veterinary Medicines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Montforts, M.H.M.M.

2005-01-01

An alarming decline of vulture populations (up to 95%) in Pakistan in the late 1990’s has recently been attributed to the use of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in cattle. Several species are now threatened with extinction, a tragedy that demonstrates that an environmental risk assessment of

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Wildlife and Environmental Society of Malawi, Blantyre. Lipiya, A. 2011. Status of Birds of Prey, with Special Emphasis on Vultures, in Kasungu. National Park. Unpublished report. Department of National Parks and Wildlife,. Lilongwe. 5pp. MacDonald, L. 2011. Recent Sightings. Vocifer. A Bulletin of Ornithological News in.

Selected mineral and heavy metal concentrations in blood and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Concentrations of eight essential elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and three toxic metals (Al, Pb and Sr) were measured in various tissue samples from African whitebacked (Pseudogyps africanus), Cape griffon (Gyps coprotheres) and Lappetfaced (Torgos tracheliotos) vultures in different regions of South ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 1 - 50 of 154 ... Vol 68, No 1 (2015), A preliminary assessment of the palate and tongue for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in the degraded carcasses of vultures and other animals, Abstract PDF PDF. Ngaio L Richards, Irene Zorilla, Isabel Fernandez, Monica Calvino, Joaquin Garcia, ...

The 20TH Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: Building a Generation of Robotists

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-26

advisors as an excellent multidisciplinary design experience for student teams, and a number of engineering schools give credit in senior design courses...Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay IIT Bombay 1044.00 7 U.S. Naval Academy Robo -Goat 1041.67 8 Lawrence Technological University vuLTUre 2 1033.67

California condors spotted nesting in Big Spur | San Hose Mercury ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

California condors spotted nesting in Big Spur. Associated Press San Hose Mercury News. Abstract. No Abstract. Vulture News Vol. 55, 2006: 59. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL.

Impact of Kite String Injuries and Temporal Variation in Type of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

patterns. Results and Discussion. Injuries caused by Kite Strings. (KSI), dehydration and visceral gout have been the major causes of rescues/mortalities in Ahmadabad and the White-rumped Vulture. (WRV) colonies in the surrounding areas (Muralidharan et al. 2010;. Roy 2011). A total of 108 live/dead WRVs have been.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Thomson, Ian. Vol 70 (2016) - Articles King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) scavenging at green turtle (Chelonia mydas) carcasses in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Cutler, Kat. Vol 70 (2016) - Articles King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) scavenging at green turtle (Chelonia mydas) carcasses in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL ...

Andean contributions to the biogeochemistry of the amazon river system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1995-01-01

Full Text Available LA CONTRIBUTION ANDINE A LA BIOGEOCHIMIE DE L’AMAZONE. Les fleuves andins ont vraisemblablement un rôle déterminant sur la biogéochimie de l’Amazone au Brésil. Les données disponibles sur le C organique, le NO3- et le PO43- des fleuves andins montrent des concentrations très variables et ne révèlent aucune relation avec leur altitude ou leur position dans le bassin. En général, les concentrations des fleuves andins sont semblables à celles du chenal principal et de ses principaux affluents. L’explication des phénomènes d’altération du matériel provenant des Andes ne peut être que spéculative. Cependant, l’atténuation du signal andin est liée à la décomposition et à l’ajout de matériel en aval des Andes. Les analyses de 13C sur la matière organique particulaire ou soluble du chenal principal de l’Amazone mettent en évidence qu’une fraction andine persiste dans le système fluvial qui se jette dans l’océan Atlantique. En 1994, un nouveau programme international de recherche a commencé pour mieux caractériser la biogéochimie des fleuves andins. CONTRIBUCIÓN ANDINA A LA BIOGEOQUÍMICA DEL RÍO AMAZONAS. Los ríos andinos podrían ejercer una influencia significativa sobre la biogeoquímica del Río Amazonas. Las concentraciones en C orgánico, NO3- y PO43- de los ríos andinos son altamente variables y no presentan claros patrones geográficos o altitudinos. En general, las concentraciones presentan valores similares a aquéllos observados en el Río Amazonas. Actualmente sólo existen explicaciones especulativas de los procesos que modifican el material de origen andino sin embargo, la atenuación de la señal andina es una consecuencia del proceso de descomposición y de la añadidura de materiales provenientes de las planicies bajas. El contenido de 13C en el material orgánico del Río Amazonas constituye una evidencia concreta de que cierta fracción del material andino persiste y es transportado hacia el

Immunity: Insect Immune Memory Goes Viral.

Science.gov (United States)

Ligoxygakis, Petros

2017-11-20

Adaptive memory in insect immunity has been controversial. In this issue, Andino and co-workers propose that acquisition of viral sequences in the host genome gives rise to anti-sense, anti-viral piRNAs. Such sequences can be regarded as both a genomic archive of past infections and as an armour of potential heritable memory. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La geografía diferencial de los derechos: entre la regulación del trabajo forzado en los países coloniales y la disociación entre trabajadores e indígenas en los Andes (1920-1954)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barragàn, R.; Caruso, Laura; Stagnate, Andrés

2017-01-01

En los países andinos de Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia, los indígenas podían representar entre el 60 y hasta el 90% de su población; vivían relativamente autónomos en comunidades, pero cuando lo hacían en haciendas se encontraban sujetos a relaciones laborales descritas bajo diversos grados de

Distribución espacio-temporal de larvas de Chironomidae (Diptera en un arroyo andino (Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina Spatial and temporal distribution of larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera in an Andean stream (Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erica E. Scheibler

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio sobre la composición larval de la familia Chironomidae en un arroyo andino en la localidad de Uspallata (Mendoza, Argentina. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales durante un ciclo anual completo (2001/2002 en tres sitios, siguiendo un gradiente altitudinal. Se midieron variables físico-químicas en campo y laboratorio. La relación entre presencia y abundancia de quironómidos y parámetros ambientales se exploró mediante un análisis de Correspondencia Canónica. Se identificaron siete géneros pertenecientes a cuatro subfamilias: Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Podonominae y Tanypodinae. Orthocladiinae fue la subfamilia que tuvo mayor riqueza genérica (Cricotopus van der Wulp, Onconeura Andersen & Saether y Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer, densidad y frecuencia de aparición a nivel estacional y espacial. Podonominae (Podonomus Philippi y Podonomopsis Brundin se halló únicamente en SA mientras que Chironominae (Polypedilum Kieffer estuvo presente en UD. Tanypodinae (Pentaneura Philippi se encontró en los tres sitios de muestreo aunque con una densidad menor. Se detectó incremento de la conductividad y temperatura del agua, y disminución del tamaño del sustrato desde SA a UD, lo que coincide con la desaparición de Podonomus y Podonomopsis y la aparición de Polypedilum hacia UD. De este estudio se concluye que el sistema presenta baja riqueza genérica comparada con otros sistemas montañosos de Argentina.A study was conducted on the larval composition of the family Chironomidae in an Andean stream in Uspallata locality (Mendoza, Argentina. Seasonal samplings were performed over a full annual cycle (2001/2002 at three sites, along an altitudinal gradient. Physical and chemical variables were measured in both the field and the laboratory. Relationship between presence and abundance of chironomids and environmental parameters was explored using a Canonical Correspondence analysis. Seven genera were identified

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Reid, Tim. Vol 64 (2013) - Articles New project examining Bearded Vulture movements in southern Africa to inform wind turbine placement. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's Partners · Terms ...

Raptor population decline in West Africa | Thiollay | Ostrich: Journal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The roadside counts conducted in 1969–1973 through Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and northern Cameroon (9 712km) were repeated in 2000–2004 by the same observer, using the same methods, during the same season. Overall, 28 837 Falconiforms from 51 species were recorded. The four large vultures decreased ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

van Stuyvenberg, Karen. Vol 66 (2014) - Articles Monitoring White-backed Vultures Gyps africanus in the North West Province (Stellaland), South Africa Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's ...

Salar de Surire un ecosistema altoandino en peligro, frente a escenario del cambio climático

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Ingrid Garcés

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo realiza un análisis al salar de Surire desde el punto de vista de la biodiversidad y sus implicancias producto del cambio climático. Como resultado se predice que los próximos años serán secos y la temperatura podría ir en aumento, lo cual afectará notablemente a la flora y fauna del altiplano. El salar de Surire es un cuerpo salino ubicado en el altiplano andino chileno, en un entorno geológico de características volcánicas. La climatología actual de aridez no permite una acumulación de agua superficial de gran extensión, y por lo tanto es posible diferenciar tres tipos principales de aguas: los aportes de drenaje, las acumulaciones de agua en la aureola pantanosa externa o “bofedales”, y las aguas del interior del cuerpo salino (surgencias termales y salmueras. Estas condiciones hidrológicas afectan factores abióticos, como anaerobiosis de suelos, disposición de nutrientes y salinidad, factores determinantes del desarrollo de la flora y fauna. Palabras claves: Salar de Surire; Biodiversidad andina; Cambio climático; Ecosistema andino

INVENTARIO DE MAMÍFEROS EN UN BOSQUE DE LOS ANDES CENTRALES DE COLOMBIA

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SÁNCHEZ FRANCISCO

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Se usaron técnicas de captura, observación directa y registro indirecto para obtenerun inventario de mamíferos en un bosque andino de Colombia. Se realizaronmuestreos entre octubre de 1998 y abril de 1999 en la Reserva Río Blanco (Manizales,Departamento de Caldas, entre 2200 - 3750 m de altitud. Para capturar pequeñosmamíferos no voladores se usaron trampas Sherman. Para capturar murciélagos seusaron mallas de niebla y colectas manuales. Para registrar medianos y grandesmamíferos se usaron trampas Tomahawk, puntos de observación, recorridos, trampasde huellas, rastros y encuestas. Se registraron 42 especies de mamíferospertenecientes a doce órdenes. El inventario de pequeños mamíferos no voladoresy murciélagos es incompleto; se dan sugerencias para complementarlo. Las trampasde huellas, los rastros y las encuestas fueron técnicas más eficientes para registrarmedianos y grandes mamíferos, que la captura con trampas Tomahawk, los recorridosy los puntos de observación. Se hacen observaciones y se dan recomendacionespara implementar las diferentes técnicas en bosques andinos.

VULTURE SNIPPETS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-09-02

Sep 2, 2007 ... roof of this structure the bottom of their nest. As the palm sheds its .... It is fairly flat area, 900-1100 m ... Drinie van Rensburg; e-mail address: driniev@wrc.org.za. Buzzards foil .... be about three feet tall, weigh up to 30 pounds ...

VULTURE SNIPPETS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

Mar 1, 2007 ... We spent a week in the Kruger National ... minutes, they started taking off without ... Kundian near Mianwali in three months, ... Some more links to articles about lead poisoning and California .... which also kill the condors.

VULTURE SNIPPETS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

Mar 1, 2007 ... bird-watchers, we made a list of all the bird species seen .... on the vehicle contains a very good image of a Cape Griffon, ..... gets into an engine, it will destroy it, the motor will stop ... benches and a shelf for binoculars, books.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell, Michael O'Neal. Vol 66 (2014) - Articles The impact of urbanization and agricultural development on vultures in El Salvador Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1606-7479. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's Partners · Terms and ...

Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus)

Science.gov (United States)

Scott H. Stoleson; Giancarlo Sadoti

2010-01-01

The Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus) might well be dubbed "the Great Pretender" because it so closely resembles the ubiquitous Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) in appearance and behavior as to be frequently mistaken for it. In the border regions where it lives, it may be confused as well with another "Mexican" raptor, the Common Black-Hawk (...

Rare birds of prey observations in Kresna Gorge in Bulgaria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

the feeding site and roost in the area in 2013. Passage of birds from Serbia,. Croatia, FYR of Macedonia and. Greece were recorded, as well as a bird tagged in Israel, but most were probably of Balkan origin. There are two peaks of increased presence of exogenous Griffon Vultures in. Kresna Gorge and these are in May-.

Malaria Epidemics in Dembia, Northwest Ethiopia 1952 – 1953

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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result, dead bodies were reportedly devoured by dogs and wild animals. That was particularly the case when domestic servants died. They were left in the open field to be eaten by vultures, dogs, and hyenas. Some of the lucky ones were .... had fever and enormous swelling of the spleen and nearly all of them had serious ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-03-02

Mar 2, 2006 ... perch sites utilized by the adult Turkey. Vultures before landing on the entrance ledge at the BMW Nest could not be seen by the nestlings. Therefore, at the BMW nest the only contact between the adult on perch sites and young in the pit was auditory. On day 25 post hatch the nestlings appeared to respond.

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS, NOTES AND REPORTS

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

1976). Among raptors there are those species where only the female incubates, those where the male may also incubate for short to longer periods, and those in which females and males equally share the incubation (Newton 1979). It is well known that both sexes incubate the clutch in vultures, both in the wild (Mundy et al.

Book Review – Wildlife Forensic Investigation

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Wildlife crime is an increasingly serious issue for populations of both threatened and common species in many parts of the world. In particular, the use of poisons and other toxic chemicals are one of the greatest threats to vultures in many parts of the world, especially in. Africa. Often, one of the key difficulties in prosecuting ...

Organ procurement: let's presume consent

OpenAIRE

Moustarah, F

1998-01-01

IN WINNING FIRST PRIZE in the Logie Medical Ethics Essay Contest in 1997, Dr. Fady Moustarah made a strong and compelling argument in favour of presumed consent in the procurement of donor organs. He stressed that a major education campaign will be needed when such a policy is adopted lest some people begin to regard physicians as "organ vultures."

Ecological niche models and patterns of richness and endemism of the southern Andean genus Eurymetopum (Coleoptera, Cleridae Modelos de nicho ecológico y patrones de riqueza y endemismo del género andino austral Eurymetopum (Coleoptera, Cleridae

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Tania Escalante

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Eurymetopum is an Andean clerid genus with 22 species. We modeled the ecological niches of 19 species with Maxent and used them as potential distributional maps to identify patterns of richness and endemicity. All modeled species maps were overlapped in a single map in order to determine richness. We performed an optimality analysis with NDM/VNDM in a grid of 1º latitude-longitude in order to identify endemism. We found a highly rich area, located between 32º and 41º south latitude, where the richest pixels have 16 species. One area of endemism was identified, located in the Maule and Valdivian Forest biogeographic provinces, which extends also to the Santiago province of the Central Chilean subregion, and contains four endemic species (E. parallelum, E. prasinum, E. proteus, and E. viride, as well as 16 non-endemic species. The sympatry of these phylogenetically unrelated species might indicate ancient vicariance processes, followed by episodes of dispersal. Based on our results, we suggest a close relationship between these provinces, with the Maule representing a complex area.Eurymetopum es un género de cléridos andinos con 22 especies. Modelamos los nichos ecológicos de 19 especies con Maxent y los utilizamos como mapas de distribución potencial para identificar patrones de riqueza y endemismo. Todos los mapas de las especies se superpusieron en un mapa único para determinar la riqueza. Realizamos un análisis de optimalidad con NDM/VNDM en una cuadrícula de 1º de latitud-longitud para identificar el endemismo. Hallamos un área de mayor riqueza, localizada entre los 32º y 41º de latitud sur, donde los pixeles más ricos poseen 16 especies. Se identificó un área de endemismo en las provincias biogeográficas del Maule y el Bosque Valdiviano, la cual se extiende también a la provincia de Santiago de la subregión Chilena Central, y que contiene cuatro especies endémicas (E. parallelum, E. prasinum, E. proteus y E. viride, as

Environmental Assessment of Demolition Activities at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware

Science.gov (United States)

2003-11-01

Setophaga ruticilla), broad- winged hawk (Buteo platypterus), cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), bank swallow ( Riparia riparia ), black vulture...Explosive safety-quantity distance (QD) zones are designated areas designed to safeguard the base population and civilian community from potential...explosions. These clear zones include the area within a safety arc surrounding an explosive storage facility. The QD zones at Dover AFB encompass

ARTICLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-09-02

Sep 2, 2007 ... Summary. I collected data over six field seasons (34 ½ wks) between 1994-2000 at Hato Las. Nieves in northwestern Bolívar state, Venezuela. A mean of 6.4 King Vultures. (Sarcoramphus papa) ± 4.9 SD (range = 2-15) searched in flight for jaguar (Panthera onca) or remains of kills and were present at or ...

Los primeros pasos de una ciencia republicana emancipatoria en la América andina

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Leoncio LÓPEZ-OCÓN

2011-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se muestran, en primer lugar, las diversas acciones realizadas por los gobiernos de los países andinos en las primeras décadas de vida independiente para fomentar el cultivo de las ciencias. Entre esas acciones cabe destacar la promoción de la enseñanza técnica, la importación de científicos de Europa y el apoyo dado a los naturalistas europeos que recorrieron las nuevas naciones andinas siguiendo las huellas de Alejandro de Humboldt. Se analiza luego el debate entre los historiadores sobre si ese impulso científico inicial se debió a la iniciativa de los propios países andinos o surgió de presiones procedentes del extranjero. Se señalan finalmente algunos resultados de los programas de investigación de naturalistas y médicos en las repúblicas andinas durante el segundo tercio del siglo XIX. Se sostiene entonces que debido a esa multiplicidad de iniciativas se estableció en la América andina, y en otras partes del continente americano, un vínculo duradero y decisivo entre ciencia y política, entre saber y poder.

CRONICA: FIESTA FUNERAL: LUMBALÚ PARA BATA III

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Enrique Luis Muñoz Vélez

2005-08-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se inspira en las conversaciones con Paulino Salgado Valdez. Entrevistas con Batata III en Bogotá, 1998 y en Cartagena en el 2000 en el marco del Encuentro de los países andinos. Batata III nace el 29 de mayo de 1927 en el Palenque de San Basilio en el departamento de Bolívar, muere en Bogotá el viernes 23 de enero del 2004.

Prevalence of encysted apicomplexans in muscles of raptors.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindsay, D S; Blagburn, B L

1999-01-28

An acid-pepsin digestion technique was used to examine portions of breast muscle and heart from raptors for encysted protozoans. Apicomplexan zoites were present in 52 (45.6%) of the 114 samples examined: 11 of 12 (91.7%) red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), 20 of 34 (58.8%) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), two of seven (28.6%) Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperi), three of four (75%) sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus), one (100%) Mississippi kites (Ictinia misisippiensis), one of two (50%) American kestrels (Falco sparverius), one bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), one of two (50%) golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), one of three (33%) turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), two of three (66.7%) black vultures (Coragyps atratus), three of six (50%) great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus), five of 15 (33.3%) barred owls (Strix varia), and one of 12 (8.3%) screech owls (Asio otus). Encysted protozoans were not observed in digests of tissues from three broad-winged hawks (Buteo platypterus), four ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), and five barn owls (Tyto alba). Apicomplexan cysts resembling Sarcocystis species were observed in tissue sections of muscles from 28 (37.8%) of 74 raptors.

Comparison of nest-site selection patterns of different sympatric raptor species as a tool for their conservation

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Poirazidis, K.

2007-12-01

Full Text Available In this study the nest-site selection patterns of four tree-nesting sympatric raptor species in Dadia National Park (Greece were compared in order to provide a sound conservation tool for their long-term management in the area. The species studied were the Black vulture (Aegypius monachus, the Lesser-spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina, the Booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus and the Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis. Twenty-six variables illustrating the landscape context and vegetation structure of nesting sites were analysed. Multivariate-ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis were used to test for significant differentiations in nest-site characteristics among the species. The species studied were initially differentiated by geomorphology and distance to foraging areas. Once these were determined their nesting areas were established according to forest structure. Our results indicate that forest management should integrate the preservation of mature forest stands with sparse canopy and forest heterogeneity in order to conserve suitable nesting habitats for the raptors. Specific conservation measures such as restriction of road construction should be implemented in order to protect the active nests and provisions should be made for adequate nesting sites for the Black vulture, which is sensitive to human disturbance.

Improving conservation outcomes with insights from local experts and bureaucracies.

Science.gov (United States)

Haenn, Nora; Schmook, Birgit; Reyes, Yol; Calmé, Sophie

2014-08-01

We describe conservation built on local expertise such that it constitutes a hybrid form of traditional and bureaucratic knowledge. Researchers regularly ask how local knowledge might be applied to programs linked to protected areas. By examining the production of conservation knowledge in southern Mexico, we assert local expertise is already central to conservation. However, bureaucratic norms and social identity differences between lay experts and conservation practitioners prevent the public valuing of traditional knowledge. We make this point by contrasting 2 examples. The first is a master's thesis survey of local experts regarding the biology of the King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) in which data collection took place in communities adjacent to the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve. The second is a workshop sponsored by the same reserve that instructed farmers on how to monitor endangered species, including the King Vulture. In both examples, conservation knowledge would not have existed without traditional knowledge. In both examples, this traditional knowledge is absent from scientific reporting. On the basis of these findings, we suggest conservation outcomes may be improved by recognizing the knowledge contributions local experts already make to conservation programming. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.

Assessing allowable take of migratory birds

Science.gov (United States)

Runge, M.C.; Sauer, J.R.; Avery, M.L.; Blackwell, B.F.; Koneff, M.D.

2009-01-01

Legal removal of migratory birds from the wild occurs for several reasons, including subsistence, sport harvest, damage control, and the pet trade. We argue that harvest theory provides the basis for assessing the impact of authorized take, advance a simplified rendering of harvest theory known as potential biological removal as a useful starting point for assessing take, and demonstrate this approach with a case study of depredation control of black vultures (Coragyps atratus) in Virginia, USA. Based on data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and other sources, we estimated that the black vulture population in Virginia was 91,190 (95% credible interval = 44,520?212,100) in 2006. Using a simple population model and available estimates of life-history parameters, we estimated the intrinsic rate of growth (rmax) to be in the range 7?14%, with 10.6% a plausible point estimate. For a take program to seek an equilibrium population size on the conservative side of the yield curve, the rate of take needs to be less than that which achieves a maximum sustained yield (0.5 x rmax). Based on the point estimate for rmax and using the lower 60% credible interval for population size to account for uncertainty, these conditions would be met if the take of black vultures in Virginia in 2006 was < 3,533 birds. Based on regular monitoring data, allowable harvest should be adjusted annually to reflect changes in population size. To initiate discussion about how this assessment framework could be related to the laws and regulations that govern authorization of such take, we suggest that the Migratory Bird Treaty Act requires only that take of native migratory birds be sustainable in the long-term, that is, sustained harvest rate should be < rmax. Further, the ratio of desired harvest rate to 0.5 x rmax may be a useful metric for ascertaining the applicability of specific requirements of the National Environmental Protection Act.

Iconografía religiosa andina en el noroeste argentino

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1986-01-01

Full Text Available L'examen du 'Disque de Lafone Quevedo ou Disque de Chaquiago' s'inscrit dans deux perspectives: l'importance de l'étude de l'histoire des Andes méridionales et l'andin comme unité dynamique. Une telle analyse nous permet de faire des rapprochements intéressants: ainsi, sont mis en évidence des liens entre les disques et les plaques de bronze du Nord de l'Argentine et de Bolivie, la vision de Pachacutec (le promoteur de l'expansion Inca et l'image principale (Punchao du Coricancha. Enfin, de nouveaux éléments sont proposés en faveur de l'existence d'une divinité polyvalente dont la longue histoire rassemble les 'récits sacrés' de plusieurs dieux andins. El examen del 'Disco de Lafone Quevedo o Disco de Chaquiago' está enmarcado dentro de dos perspectivas: la importancia del estudio de la historia de los Andes meridionales y 'lo andino' como unidad dinámica. Su análisis nos permite señalar correspondencias interesantes. Así, se hallarán evidencias que establezcan las vinculaciones entre los discos y placas de bronce del NO. argentino y Bolivia, la visión de Pachacuti (que dio origen a la expansión de los Incas y la imagen principal (Punchao del Coricancha. Para finalizar, se propone nuevos elementos en favor de la existencia de una deidad polivalente en cuya larga historia se recoge las 'historias sagradas' de varios dioses andinos. The examination of the 'Disc of Lafone Quevedo or Disc of Chaquiago' is inscribed in two perspectives: the importance of the study of the history of the meridional Andes and lo andino as a dynamic unit. Such an analysis permits us to make interesting comparisons: thus are placed on evidence links between the discs and the bronze plaques from the North of Argentina and Bolivia, the vision of Pachacutec (the instigator of the Inca expansion and the principal image (Punchao of the Coricancha. Finally, new elements are proposed in favor of the existence of a polyvalent divinity of which the long history

Incidencia de los Hábitos Alimenticios en los Niveles de Rendimiento Académico Escolar en las Instituciones Educativas Secundarias Urbano Marginales de Juliaca

OpenAIRE

Aguilar Roque, Gaylee Yemira

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación denominado “INCIDENCIA DE LOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTICIOS EN LOS NIVELES DE RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO ESCOLAR EN LAS INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS SECUNDARIAS URBANO - MARGINALES DE JULIACA”, cuyo objetivo general es establecer la importancia del consumo de cereales andinos y productos procesados en los niveles de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de las I.E.S. de las zonas urbano – marginales de la ciudad de Juliaca. Este estudio nos permite establec...

Agrupaciones de cuidadores familiares en Colombia: perfil, habilidad de cuidado y sobrecarga

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Sonia Patricia Carreño

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Explorar el papel de las variables sociodemográfi cas, la sobrecarga del cuidador y la habilidad de cuidado en una muestra de cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica en Colombia, para conocer sus formas de agrupación. Método. Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, de corte descriptivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1137 cuidadores familiares, quienes respondieron la Encuesta de Caracterización de la Diada (cuidador-paciente, el Inventario de Habilidad de Cuidado de Nkongho y la Encuesta de Sobrecarga de Zarit. Con estos datos se realizó un análisis factorial y un análisis de conglomerados k-medias. Resultados.Se encontró que los cuidadores se agrupan según su región de procedencia, en cuatro conjuntos geográfi cos: andino y pacífi co, andino, caribe y amazónico. Además, se observó que cada agrupación posee necesidades de atención específi cas para el cuidador. Conclusión. Los grupos de cuidadores identifi cados refl ejan la diversidad cultural del país y la urgencia de explorar factores socioculturales que pueden estar incidiendo en las habilidades de cuidado y de sobrecarga de los cuidadores, según su región de procedencia.

La influencia positiva de la CAN en la descentralización territorial colombiana

OpenAIRE

Ruth Carolina Blanco Alvarado

2015-01-01

Mediante las presentes páginas desarrollaremos la importancia del proceso andino de integración en la descentralización territorial colombiana. Para efectos de lo anterior, estableceremos, desde una perspectiva general, los principales beneficios que la descentralización territorial colombiana puede obtener en el marco de la Comunidad Andina (CAN), haciendo un análisis que descarta la perspectiva económica, núcleo rector de cualquier proceso de integración, y como consecuencia de ello, pre...

El acuerdo de comercio preferencial entre la Unión Europea, Colombia y Perú. Contenido y cambios al Status quo

OpenAIRE

Dieter Wolfram

2011-01-01

El acuerdo de comercio preferencial negociado y suscrito entre la Unión Europea, Colombia y Perú en mayo de 2010 aspira a profundizar y vivificar las relaciones comerciales entre las partes sin causar conflictos con convenciones internacionales multilaterales como el GATT, el GATS, el ADPIC, y la Convención sobre la Biodiversidad. . Un análisis de los cambios jurídicos impulsados por el acuerdo muestra pocas modificaciones o cambios sustanciales del status quo. Para los comerciantes andinos, ...

Polyphyly of the hawk genera Leucopternis and Buteogallus (Aves, Accipitridae): multiple habitat shifts during the Neotropical buteonine diversification

OpenAIRE

do Amaral, Fabio S Raposo; Miller, Matthew J; Silveira, Luís Fábio; Bermingham, Eldredge; Wajntal, Anita

2006-01-01

Abstract Background The family Accipitridae (hawks, eagles and Old World vultures) represents a large radiation of predatory birds with an almost global distribution, although most species of this family occur in the Neotropics. Despite great morphological and ecological diversity, the evolutionary relationships in the family have been poorly explored at all taxonomic levels. Using sequences from four mitochondrial genes (12S, ATP8, ATP6, and ND6), we reconstructed the phylogeny of the Neotro...

Composición bioquímica y toxicidad de colonias comestibles de la cianobacteria andina Nostoc sp. Llayta

OpenAIRE

Galetovic, Alexandra; E. Araya, Jorge; Gómez-Silva, Benito

2017-01-01

RESUMEN Llayta es el nombre asignado a la biomasa seca de macrocolonias de una cianobacteria filamentosa, clasificada como Nostoc sp. Llayta crece en humedales andinos de Sudamérica y ha sido considerada como un ingrediente alimenticio desde tiempos precolombinos. Este estudio pretende contribuir a la definición de la calidad nutritiva de la Llayta, proporcionando información sobre su composición bioquímica e identificar aspectos críticos de interés toxicológico. Los resultados mostraron que ...

Asociaciones políticas de inmigrantes peruanos y la "Lima Chica" en Santiago de Chile

OpenAIRE

Luque Brazán, José Carlos

2007-01-01

El presente trabajo describe y examina la emergencia y desarrollo de tres asociaciones políticas de inmigrantes peruanos y su relación con el surgimiento de un "vecindario cultural", conocido por sus habitantes, la prensa chilena y algunos investigadores como la "Lima Chica", en Santiago de Chile. Nos referimos al Comité de Refugiados Peruanos en Chile, a la Asociación de Inmigrantes por la Integración Latinoamericana y del Caribe (APILA) y al Programa Andino para la Dignidad Humana (Proandes...

Cuando los muiscas diversificaron la agricultura y crearon el intercambio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carl Henrik Langebaek

1985-02-01

Full Text Available Al comienzo del siglo XVI y de la conquista del centro de la actual Colombia, los españoles encontraron un grupo indígena, los muiscas, que habitaban en los valles interandinos fríos y en las tierras adyacentes de la cordillera Oriental. Su territorio abarcaba una amplia porción del ramal andino, desde los páramos de Sumapaz, al sur, hasta el valle transversal del Chicamocha, al norte, en los actuales departamentos de Cundinamarca y Boyacá.

Composición química de “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa), ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza) y ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis). Formulación de una mezcla base para productos alimenticios

OpenAIRE

Sandra Elizabeth Pagador Flores; Misael Ydilbrando Villacorta González; María Elena León Marroú

2011-01-01

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo formular una mezcla base a partir de cultivos nativos, la cual una vez estandarizada, se constituye en materia prima de alto valor nutricional para su utilización en la elaboración de productos alimenticios como: purés, papillas y productos de panificación, entre otros. Se seleccionaron tres cultivos andinos: un tubérculo, “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa); una raíz, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza) y una leguminosa, ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis). Se realizaron ...

Desarrollo de producto sobre la base de harinas de cereales y leguminosa para niños celíacos entre 6 y 24 meses; II: Propiedades de las mezclas

OpenAIRE

Cerezal Mezquita, P.; Urtuvia Gatica, V.; Ramírez Quintanilla, V.; Arcos Zavala, R.

2011-01-01

Las formulaciones alimenticias de alto contenido proteico, aportado por una mezcla de harinas a partir de dos cultivos andinos, quinua (Chenopodium quinua Willd) y lupino (Lupi-nus albus L), con dos cereales tradicionales maíz (Zea mays L.) y arroz (Oryza sativa L.), conllevaron a la preparación de una 'mezcla dulce' para la elaboración de queques y otra "mezcla postre" saborizada con plátano, que puede ser preparada con agua o con leche, constituyeron una buena alternativa como suplemento al...

Desarrollo empresarial como eje transversal para la competitividad en el sector portuario Venezolano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ada Maritza Pérez Cárdenas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo Regional del Caribe Venezolano, está conformado por los principales puertos marítimos de Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello y La Guaira. Los cuales se encuentran ubicados en el eje Andino, que está constituido por cinco países: Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Perú y Venezuela. Donde promocionan un sistema de coordinación para la planificación estratégica de la integración física y sincronización de las actividades de comercio internacional. El Eje Andino se caracteriza por articular los principales aeropuertos internacionales y los puertos marítimos de los cinco países. Originando esto un punto estratégico para las negociaciones internacionales y el desarrollo económico social y cultural para lograr un impacto en las funciones comerciales.En Venezuela sus principales centros urbanos, lo componen las ciudades de Caracas, Maracay, Valencia, Maracaibo, Puerto La Cruz, Barcelona, Ciudad Guayana y San Cristóbal. Dentro del eje andino Venezuela es el punto de enlace ferroviario de Caracas con la red nacional, así como brindar apoyo a la negociación comercial en el eje fluvial Orinoco Apure.Palabras Clave: Desarrollo; Eje Transversal; Punto de Enlace. Business development as cross shaft for competitiveness in the port sectorAbstractThe development of the Venezuelan Caribbean Regional, is formed by. major seaports Maracaibo Puerto Cabello and La Guaira. Which are located in the Andean axis, which is formed by five countries, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Which promoted a system of coordination for the strategic planning of the integration of physical and disincronizacion international trade activities. The Andean axis is characterized by articulating the major international airports and seaports of the five countries.Causing it a strategic point for international negotiations in Venezuela the main urban centers, it comprises the cities of Caracas, Maracay, Valencia, Maracaibo, Puerto La Cruz, Barcelona, Ciudad Guayana and

La crisis del ciclo neoliberal en los países de la región andina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eudis F. Fermín T.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En el artículo se estudia la crisis del ciclo neoliberal en los países de la Región Andina en el contexto delos cambios políticos latinoamericanos. Es una investigación documental-analítica, fundamentada en una revisión bibliográfica y en la clasificación del material para el procesamiento de los datos recolectados, la interpretación de esos datos parte de la categoría crisis del ciclo neoliberal. El neoliberalismo reduce las funciones de los Estados andinos a las áreas medulares: educación, salud y seguridad ciudadana, privatiza las empresas estatales y los servicios públicos, donde la ¿razón del mercado¿ priva la relación Sociedad-Estado, con consecuencias nefastas para la población, originando en el tiempo el surgimiento democrático de gobiernos anti-neoliberales. Se concluye que en los albores del siglo XXI el neoliberalismo entra en crisis, cuando el mercado manifiesta su incapacidad de contrarrestar los altos índices de pobreza y el deterioro de las condiciones vida de los ¿pueblos¿, los gobiernos andinos de izquierda introducen cambios en los sistemas políticos, redimensionando las políticas de ajuste macro-económico y rechazan los acuerdos bilaterales y multilaterales promotores de libre mercado en el seno del sistema institucional de integración andina.

DIVERSITY OF SAPROTROPHIC ANAMORPHIC ASCOMYCETES FROM NATIVE FORESTS IN ARGENTINA: AN UPDATED REVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Allegrucci

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En Argentina se reconocen ocho regiones de bosques nativos: bosque Andino-Patagónico, Talares de la Región Pampeana, Parque Chaqueño, Selva Misionera, Selva Tucumano-Boliviana, Monte, Espinal y Bosques Pluviales de los ríos Paraguay, Paraná y Uruguay. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido reunir y revisar la información sobre la biodiversidad de microhongos saprótrofos (Ascomycetes anamórficos citados en los bosques nativos de Argentina, desde las primeras colecciones de Spegazzini hasta el presente. De las regiones anteriormente mencionadas los bosques Andino-Patagónicos, Bosques Pluviales de los ríos Paraguay, Paraná y Uruguay y recientemente los Talares de la provincia de Buenos Aires son aquellos donde se han realizado más exploraciones de microhongos saprótrofos. Por otro lado se obtuvieron muy pocos registros de especies fúngicas del resto de los bosques; para la región de Monte en particular no se han realizado hasta el presente estudios de hongos anamórficos, por lo cual no se cuenta con registros de especies anamórficas de Ascomycetes. Como resultado de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, se registraron 344 especies, de las cuales 81 (23,5% son nuevas especies. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto la falta de exploraciones de áreas de importancia en nuestro país, y muestra la necesidad de incrementar estos estudios.

Assessing the impact of removal scenarios on population viability of a threatened, long-lived avian scavenger

OpenAIRE

Margalida, Antoni; Colomer, M? ?ngels; Oro, Daniel; Arlettaz, Rapha?l; Don?zar, Jos? A.

2015-01-01

The removal of eggs or chicks from wild populations to create captive populations, reinforce free-ranging populations or reintroduce species into the wild is a restoration tool that requires an assessment of potential detrimental effects upon the donor population. This is an absolute prerequisite when wild donor populations are scarce and small. Here, we forecast the population trend of the largest European population of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) over the next 30 years under dif...

U. S. Pacific Fleet. Central Pacific Force. Operation Plan Number Cen 1-43

Science.gov (United States)

1943-10-25

Wareagle Snowflake Stork Beagle v Jocko Bagdad Frolic Locust Tycoon Vulture Dodger Husky Trojan Harpoon Designation or Commander A-II-2 COMM. A...Tiptop Killnrney Saskatoon Dodger Boar lake Titvdllow Beagle Huniboldt Moonglow Raiiisgate COIJ2!. A-II GOMI. A-II OPERATIONfPI^M No. Cen 1-43 ANNEX A...Daytona Decatur Delaware Denmark Del Rio Democrat DeSoto Dingbct Dodger Dogwood Dolores Ship or Unit TG 54.1 CTG 54.6 CTF 51 LST 78 Hq

Seasonal and circadian biases in bird tracking with solar GPS-tags

OpenAIRE

Silva, Rafa; Afán, Isabel; Gil, Juan A.; Bustamante, Javier

2017-01-01

Global Positioning System (GPS) tags are nowadays widely used in wildlife tracking. This geolocation technique can suffer from fix loss biases due to poor satellite GPS geometry, that result in tracking data gaps leading to wrong research conclusions. In addition, new solar-powered GPS tags deployed on birds can suffer from a new "battery drain bias" currently ignored in movement ecology analyses. We use a GPS tracking dataset of bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus), tracked for several years...

Wind farms threaten southern Africa's cliff-nesting vultures ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

active selection for ridge tops and upper slopes), and that both species generally fly at heights within the rotor-sweep of a typical, modern wind turbine. We constructed a population viability model using actual population data from the area presently ...

New project examining Bearded Vulture movements in southern ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

southern Africa to inform wind turbine placement. Tim Reid. 1. , Sonja Krüger. 1,2 and Arjun Amar. 1. 1. Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of. Excellence, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town,. Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. 2. Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, P.O. Box ...

Unearthing poison use and consequent anecdotal vulture mortalities ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Aldicarb or carbofuran were the most commonly used poisons, but strychnine is still used by about one farmer out of 10. Poison is typically used by means of distributing poisoned baits in the landscape. Furthermore, willingness to use poison in the future was highest for farmers who own large properties with high livestock ...

Antropometría del trabajador minero de la altura

OpenAIRE

Ramírez, Augusto V.

2013-01-01

Introducción: La antropometría trata de las medidas del cuerpo humano y es base fundamental para la ergonomía. La minería peruana se localiza casi siempre en la gran altura, hábitat del hombre andino, que tiene características antropométricas diversas al hombre del llano. Objetivo: Caracterizar antropométricamente a una población andina de trabajadores mineros en la sierra central del Perú. Diseño: El estudio fue descriptivo, tipo prospectivo y observacional. Lugar: Servicio de Salud Ocupacio...

Lo indio, indigenismo y movimiento campesino en el Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Fernández Fontenoy

2013-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo el autor presenta un análisis histórico sobre la naturaleza de la aparición de movimientos indígenas en Perú, en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se compara la situación del país andino, con otros de la región  y encuentra una relación con las especiales condiciones en las que se conforman los partidos políticos y se describe su dependencia con los movimientos sociales y campesinos.

Diagnóstico de los mecanismos de cooperación multilateral en materia antidroga referente a la reducción de oferta, donde participan los países de América del Sur: Marco de Recomendaciones para el Consejo Suramericano sobre el Problema Mundial de las Drogas

OpenAIRE

Agatón Posada, Ginna Paola

2013-01-01

Esta investigación diagnóstica tiene por objeto la elaboración de un marco de recomendaciones para el Consejo Suramericano sobre el Problema Mundial de Drogas con el fin de actuar frente al problema de las drogas en la región a partir del diagnóstico de los alcances y limitaciones de la Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas (CICAD) y la decisión 505 o Plan Andino de Cooperación para la Lucha contra las Drogas Ilícitas y Delitos Conexos.

Minería y glaciares rocosos: impactos ambientales, antecedentes políticos y legales, y perspectivas futuras

OpenAIRE

Brenning,Alexander; Azócar,Guillermo F

2010-01-01

El interés científico y político en los glaciares rocosos andinos ha aumentado fuertemente en los últimos años debido al creciente reconocimiento de su importancia hidrológica y las recientes intervenciones mineras en ellos. Se presenta un resumen de los conocimientos científicos y el marco político-legal de las intervenciones pasadas y actuales en glaciares rocosos en Chile y, en forma preliminar, en Argentina y Perú. En estos países, 26 faenas mineras han afectado glaciares rocosos o podría...

DEFORMACION CORTICAL Y PELIGRO SÍSMICO ASOCIADO A LA FALLA SAN RAMON EN EL FRENTE CORDILLERANO DE SANTIAGO, CHILE CENTRAL (33ºS)

OpenAIRE

RAULD PLOTT, RODRIGO ANDRES

2011-01-01

Resultados presentados recientemente, que se incluyen en esta tesis (Armijo, R., R. Rauld, R. Thiele, G. Vargas, J. Campos, R. Lacassin, and E. Kausel (2010), The West Andean Thrust (WAT), the San Ramón Fault and the seismic hazard for Santiago (Chile), Tectonics, 29, TC2007, doi:10.1029/2008TC002427) modifican substancialmente paradigmas anteriores sobre la tectónica Andina y la Geología de la región de Santiago, sosteniendo que: 1) El orógeno Andino es fundamentalmente bi-vergente, in...

Antropometría del trabajador minero de la altura

OpenAIRE

Augusto V Ramírez

2006-01-01

Introducción: La antropometría trata de las medidas del cuerpo humano y es base fundamental para la ergonomía. La minería peruana se localiza casi siempre en la gran altura, hábitat del hombre andino, que tiene características antropométricas diversas al hombre del llano. Objetivo: Caracterizar antropométricamente a una población andina de trabajadores mineros en la sierra central del Perú. Diseño: El estudio fue descriptivo, tipo prospectivo y observacional. Lugar: Servicio de Salud Ocupacio...

La escritura fonémica del quechua Ayacuchano

OpenAIRE

Majerhua Castro, Samuel

2008-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación es el resultado de varios años de recopilación de datos concernientes a demostrar que en el mundo andino hay una diversidad de lenguas y dialectos que continúan vertiginosamente atomizándose producto de la presencia compulsiva de la política etnocentrista de la cultura occidental, quien genera en los Andes la barrera lingüística y la discriminación social y cultural. En el caso de la lengua quechua, el factor fundamental de la profunda dialectalizació...

Sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la comunidad andina : auditorías de verificación

OpenAIRE

Vásquez Zamora, Luis

2016-01-01

Objetivos: análisis comparativo de los principales sistemas de gestión de seguridad y salud tomando como referente el Sistema de la Comunidad Andina. Elaborar un sistema de auto auditorías automatizado y comparar sus resultados con auditorías externas realizadas por expertos del Instituto Ecuatoriano de la Seguridad Social (IESS) y conocer el grado de aceptación de empresarios y trabajadores de! sistema de auditorías. Metodología: Se comparó el sistema Andino, vigente en los países de Colo...

Análisis de la Cooperación Multilateral para la Gestión de biodiversidad en Instituciones Subregionales. Caso de Estudio: Estrategia regional para la conservación y uso Sostenible de recursos en el Amazonas (TCA) y Proyecto Facilitación de financiamiento para negocios de biodiversidad y apoyo al desarrollo de actividades del mercado en la Región Andina (CAN) 2000-2009

OpenAIRE

Martín Hilarión, Jorge Luis

2012-01-01

Este trabajo de investigación analiza la importancia de la cooperación internacional para la gestión de biodiversidad entregada por el Global Environmental Facilty-GEF, para la conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad en la cuenca Andino-amazónica. Esto a través del estudio de los proyectos de alcance regional financiados a dos instituciones subregionales, el primero, “Estrategia Regional para la Conservación y Uso Sostenible de Recursos en el Amazonas” perteneciente al Tratado de Co...

Riesgo en la zona andina tropical por laderas inestables

OpenAIRE

Duque Escobar, Gonzalo

2000-01-01

Las presentes notas relacionadas con la definición de riesgo y amenaza, y la aplicación de estos conceptos para eventos como los relacionados con la inestabilidad de las vertientes, pueden tener importancia para las comunidades de la región andina. Este trabajo se ocupa de una de las amenazas más importantes del medio tropical andino: los deslizamientos de tierra vistos desde la óptica de los desastres naturales. Se definen los movimientos de masas. Luego se discuten los parámetros de la ines...

La fuente Inca de Aypate

OpenAIRE

Astuhuamán Gonzáles, César W.; Ministerio de Cultura

2013-01-01

La mayor parte del cerro Aypate está cubierto por la tupida vegetación del húmedo bosque de neblina, la cual concentra y produce el elemento más valioso para los pueblos andinos: el agua. El asentamiento Inca de Aypate se construyó sobre el cerro que forma parte de una cadena montañosa de la que nacen pequeñas quebradas que alimentan las subcuencas de los ríos Quiroz y Macará, que a su vez integran la cuenca del Chira.

Las relaciones de comercio e inversión entre Colombia y Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Eglé Iturbe de Blanco

1997-01-01

Venezuela y Colombia cuentan con una larga trayectoria histórica en sus relaciones económicas. Comercian entre ellas y sus nacionales a lo largo de la frontera desde su nacimiento como naciones e interactúan entre ambos países como si fuera uno solo. Al norte, en la península de la Guajira, viven poblaciones indígenas comunes cuyo sustento es el comercio entre ambos lados de la frontera; y al sur, en los estados andinos venezolanos limítrofes con los llanos colombianos, tradicionalmente se ha...

Indios urbanos: inmigraciones, alteridad y ladinización en Santiago de Chile (siglos XVI-XVII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Valenzuela Márquez

2014-05-01

Full Text Available During the period following the Conquista and when the Santiago de Chile's urban society was formed, one can observe various indigenous peoples that migrated to the city: Andinos, Huarpes of Cuyo, Juries from Tucaman, and Mapuche-Huilliches from the south of the Kingdom of Chile. The objective of this article is to show the great geographic and ethnic diversity of the city by studying the arrival, deployment and mobility of these actors and their descendants, as well as their forms of settlement and their strategies for integration.

Análisis de redes sociales para la gobernanza de un área protegida y su zona de amortiguación en el bosque templado del sur de Chile

OpenAIRE

Mardones, Gonzalo

2017-01-01

Para transitar desde el manejo hacia la gobernanza de las áreas protegidas y sus zonas aledañas, se requiere el involucramiento y la colaboración de las comunidades locales, además de múltiples otros actores involucrados en la conservación y el desarrollo de dicho territorio. El presente trabajo presenta un análisis de redes sociales de los actores con interés y/o influencia en la zona de amortiguación del Parque Nacional Alerce Andino (PNAA) y la Reserva Nacional Llanquihue (RNLL), ubicado e...

Música y fiesta en la construcción del territorio nasa (Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Miñana Blasco

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El pueblo nasa , en el sur occ idente andino de Colombia, reafirma y construye a diario sus territorios no sólo por medios legales, trabajando o luchando por la tierra, sino también con ritos, fiestas, música y bailes. Este artículo, basado en un trabajo de campo de varios años, señala vínculos significativos y continuidades entre los territorios de los cacicazgos precolombinos y las fronteras delimitadas y celebradas por las actuales prácticas rituales y musicales.

Nuevos productos alimenticios en el comercio mundial: situación y perspectivas actuales para el cultivo y exportación de quinua por parte del Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Valenzuela Chauca, Diana Pamela

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación plantea un estudio sobre la producción de quinua, enfocado en sus principales proveedores: Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú. El objetivo que guió esta investigación fue determinar las tendencias de la evolución de la producción y el comercio internacional de quinua en los países andinos, y en particular el Ecuador. Para ello se estudiaron las características, actores, tendencias del cultivo y comercio internacional de la quinua. En el capítulo uno, se presentan las...

Medicinas tradicionales andinas y su despenalización: entrevista con Walter Álvarez Quispe

OpenAIRE

Quispe, Walter Álvarez; Loza, Carmen Beatriz

2014-01-01

Walter Álvarez Quispe, terapeuta kallawaya y biomédico especializado en cirugía general y ginecología, presenta la lucha de los terapeutas tradicionales y alternativos por la depenalización de estos sistemas médicos andinos realizada entre 1960 y 1990. Bolivia se torna el primer país en América Latina y el Caribe en despenalizar la medicina tradicional antes de los planteamientos de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Atención Primaria de Salud (Alma-Ata, 1978). Los datos aportados por el entr...

Presentacio?n. Experiencias y propuestas de educacio?n intercultural bilingu?e en los cantones Cayambe y Pedro Moncayo (Ecuador)

OpenAIRE

Granda Mercha?n, Sebastia?n

2014-01-01

En el 2004, luego de 10 an?os de experiencia en los pa?ramos andinos de la Provincia de Cotopaxi, la Universidad Polite?cnica Salesiana oferta la Carrera de Educacio?n Intercultural Bilingu?e en la ciudad de Cayambe con el objetivo de atender las demandas de formacio?n de los docentes de las escuelas y colegios de la Jurisdiccio?n de Educacio?n Intercultural Bilingu?e de la zona. Para ese entonces, habi?an transcurrido ya 15 an?os desde que se institucionalizo? la Educacio?n Intercultural Bil...

El tarwi o chocho: una de las principales fuentes de proteína vegetal de las comunidades indígenas de los Andes Centrales

OpenAIRE

Planchuelo, Ana M.; Fuentes, Esteban P.

2005-01-01

El lupino andino (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) conocido también como tarwi o chocho, es una especie de leguminosa nativa de los Andes Centrales. Su domesticación se remonta a los principios de la cultura Nazca y desde ese entonces hasta la actualidad el cultivo está ampliamente difundido en las laderas montañosas y en los altos valles de Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia. La importancia del lupino para las comunidades andinas prehispánicas quedo documentada en pinturas de cerámicas y en tributos encontrado...

Bogotá 450 años

OpenAIRE

Santana, Pedro; Vargas, Julián; Zambrano, Fabio; Díaz, Juan; Goueset, Vincent; Giraldo, Fabio; González, Hernando; López, Néstor; Andrade, Irma; Arbeláez, Juan Díaz; Bernal, Por Gustavo Samper; Cuervo, Luis Augusto; Fernández, Néstor López; Goueset, Vincent; Isaza, Fabio Giraldo

2015-01-01

El pasado 6 de agosto, Bogotá cumplió 450 años de fundada. Con este motivo durante los meses finales de 1987 un grupo de investigadores que trabajan sobre distintos aspectos de la problemática de la ciudad capital de Colombia, decidimos reunir-nos para discutir la posibilidad de un trabajo colectivo que tomara como objeto de su reflexión la ciudad de Bogotá. Esta idea fue promovida en el marco del Convenio Foro Nacional por Colombia-Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos. De hecho las dos inst...

Propiedades nutricionales y antioxidantes de la cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

OpenAIRE

Bartolo Estrella, Dolly Elisa

2013-01-01

El objetivo de esta revisión fue detallar las propiedades nutricionales y antioxidantes de la cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen). La cañihua es uno de los granos andinos menos estudiados y más nutritivos, debido a su contenido y calidad proteica. Esta planta a causa de su crecimiento en condiciones climáticas extremas, como en el altiplano (4000 m.s.n.m.), probablemente ha desarrollado una protección natural contra la oxidación. Los reportes indican que la cañihua tiene una calidad pro...

Estrategias sustentables de manejo de los productores de la feria agroecológica de Córdoba

OpenAIRE

Cabanillas, Carmen; Tablada, Margot; Ferreyra, Luis Alberto; Ramos, Érica

2015-01-01

En la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, se desarrolla la Feria Agroecológica que reúne a pequeños productores de hortalizas, aromáticas, cereales, oleaginosas, flores, frutales y andinos, en transición agroecológica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar a los agroecosistemas en relación a las estrategias sustentables de manejo que implementan los productores de la Feria Agroecológica de Córdoba en la dimensión ambiental. Mediante una encuesta se evaluaron: la diversificación de la prod...

Desarrollo de producto sobre la base de harinas de cereales y leguminosa para niños celíacos entre 6 y 24 meses; I: Formulación y aceptabilidad

OpenAIRE

Cerezal Mezquita, P.; Urtuvia Gatica, V.; Ramírez Quintanilla, V.; Romero Palacios, N.; Arcos Zavala, R.

2011-01-01

La revalorización de los cultivos andinos, quinua (Chenopodium quinua Willd) y lupino (Lupinus albus L), para ser utilizados en mezclas alimenticias, con cereales tradicionales como maíz (Zea mays L.) y arroz (Oryza sativa L.), originan mezclas sin gluten que constituyen una buena alternativa para la alimentación de niños menores de 24 meses que sufren la enfermedad celíaca, ya que mejoran la calidad de la proteína, por compensación de los aminoácidos esenciales, e incide en la diversificació...

Prevalence of encysted Toxoplasma gondii in raptors from Alabama.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindsay, D S; Smith, P C; Hoerr, F J; Blagburn, B L

1993-12-01

Little is known about the prevalence of encysted Toxoplasma gondii in wild birds. We examined the hearts and breast muscles from 101 raptors for encysted T. gondii. All of the raptors had been submitted for necropsy to the State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama. Tissues were digested in acid-pepsin solution and inoculated into groups of 3-5 laboratory mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 27 of 101 (26.7%) raptors: 8 of 12 (66.7%) red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), 13 of 27 (41.1%) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 1 of 4 (25%) Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperi), 1 of 5 (20%) great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), 4 of 15 (26.7%) barred owls (Strix varia), and 1 of 3 (33.3%) kestrels (Falco sparverius). Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from 3 broad-winged hawks (Buteo platypterus), 3 sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus), 6 barn owls (Tyto alba), 9 screech owls (Asio otus), a Mississippi kite (Ictinia misisippiensis), 2 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), 4 ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), 4 turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), or 2 black vultures (Coragyps atratus). No significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence was detected based on sex using chi-square analysis. Chi-square analysis of the data demonstrated that adult raptors had encysted stages of T. gondii significantly (P < 0.05) more often than did immature raptors.

Seroepidemiologic Survey of Potential Pathogens in Obligate and Facultative Scavenging Avian Species in California

Science.gov (United States)

Straub, Mary H.; Kelly, Terra R.; Rideout, Bruce A.; Eng, Curtis; Wynne, Janna; Braun, Josephine; Johnson, Christine K.

2015-01-01

Throughout the world, populations of scavenger birds are declining rapidly with some populations already on the brink of extinction. Much of the current research into the factors contributing to these declines has focused on exposure to drug residues, lead, and other toxins. Despite increased monitoring of these declining populations, little is known about infectious diseases affecting scavenger bird species. To assess potential infectious disease risks to both obligate and facultative scavenger bird species, we performed a serosurvey for eleven potential pathogens in three species of scavenging birds in California: the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) and golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). California condors were seropositive for avian adenovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, avian paramyxovirus-2, West Nile virus (WNV) and Toxoplasma gondii. Golden eagles were seropositive for avian adenovirus, Chlamydophila psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii, and turkey vultures were seropositive for avian adenovirus, Chlamydophila psittaci, avian paramyxovirus-1, Toxoplasma gondii and WNV. Risk factor analyses indicated that rearing site and original release location were significantly associated with a positive serologic titer to WNV among free-flying condors. This study provides preliminary baseline data on infectious disease exposure in these populations for aiding in early disease detection and provides potentially critical information for conservation of the endangered California condor as it continues to expand its range and encounter new infectious disease threats. PMID:26606755

Co-evolução entre raças fisiológicas de colletotrichum lindemuthianum e feijoeiro Co-evolution of physiological races of colletotrichum lindemuthianum and common bean

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alisson Fernando Chiorato

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O agente causal da antracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum em feijoeiro comum é classificado, assim como seu hospedeiro, em Andino e Mesoamericano, sendo a resposta à infecção dependente da origem genética de um e de outro. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar 220 acessos do Banco de Germoplasma de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris do Instituto Agronômico, IAC, quanto à infecção por três raças fisiológicas do patógeno (31, 65 e 89, caracterizando uma possível co-evolução entre a origem do acesso e do patógeno. No estudo, foram utilizados 120 acessos de origem mesoamericana, 57 andinos e 43 cultivares geneticamente melhoradas. Além dos dados relacionados à infecção, foram avaliados 23 descritores morfo-agronômicos com finalidade de melhor caracterizar os acessos em relação aos seus respectivos centros de origem. As análises estatísticas foram baseadas em componentes principais a fim de exibir graficamente a variabilidade em função da origem do patógeno e dos acessos. Dentre os acessos mesoamericanos, 50% foram suscetíveis às três raças, enquanto nos andinos apenas 33% foram suscetíveis. Entre as cultivares geneticamente melhoradas, 79% foram resistentes a pelo menos uma das raças, provavelmente devido a seleções para resistência ao C. lindemuthianum. Nos gráficos da análise de componentes principais, a maioria dos acessos resistentes foi agrupada na região de dispersão dos acessos andinos. Os resultados permitiram estabelecer uma associação entre a origem do feijoeiro e do patógeno da antracnose, ajudando assim no conhecimento biológico da reação dos acessos ao C. lindemuthianum e orientando a escolha de genitores para realização de cruzamentos visando à resistência a essa doença.The causal agent of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum of common bean and its host, are classified as Andean and Mesoamerican. Response to infection depends on the genetic origin of both plant

Representaciones del Mundo Andino en un relato oral sobre fantasmas.

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Florencia Raquel Angulo Villán

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo centra el análisis en las narraciones de tradición oral que tematizan las historias de fantasmas. Si bien existen “constelaciones de imágenes” más o menos constantes compartidas por el ser humano y su entorno material y social, éstas se enriquecen en tanto pueden ser leídas desde los códigos de la cultura que las produce. En este caso, representada por la zona andina. La metodología utilizada pondrá en relación las categorías de imaginario desde una perspectiva antropológica y los aportes de la filosofía andina, sustentada en los principios de reciprocidad y complementariedad. La lectura analítica tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto cómo los discursos orales que circulan en una comunidad en particular se constituyen como estrategias de consolidación de la “memoria” de un pueblo.

Primer registro de infestación en un reptil por larvas de Amblyomma parvitarsum (Acari: Ixodidae en Argentina

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Gabriel Natalio Castillo

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Amblyomma parvitarsum es una garrapata endémica del Altiplano Andino de Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y Perú. En la provincia de San Juan adultos de esta garrapata fueron encontrados en el Parque Nacional San Guillermo sobre Vicugna vicugna. En Argentina también existen citas de adultos de A. parvitarsum sobre bovinos, ovinos y el ñandú . El primer caso de parasitismo de larvas de A. parvitarsum en Liolaemus fue realizado en Chile. El presente trabajo menciona por primera vez para Argentina la presencia de larvas de A. parvitarsum parasitando al lagarto Liolaemus eleodori.

¿Por qué el satélite Cóndor?

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Leonardo Ferrerira

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Estados Unidos y Rusia representan el 15 por ciento de la población mundial sin embargo utilizan el 50 por ciento de la órbita geoestacionaria, mientras todo el Tercer Mundo emplea menos del 10 por ciento. Los países del Pacto Andino se encuentran trabajando conjuntamente en el uso compartido de un solo sistemas satelital CONDOR. Pero los críticos norteamericanos consideran que es una manera ineficiente e irracional congestionar el espectro orbital. El artículo se centra en describir este proyecto y la lógica Andina, la soberanía

Potencial del tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) como futura fuente proteínica y avances de su desarrollo agroindustrial

OpenAIRE

Suca, G. R.; suca, C. A.

2016-01-01

El principal fortaleza de las leguminosas es la de sostener la producción global de proteínas, mitigando la falta de fuentes de proteínas de origen animal. Entre las legumbres, el tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) es una de las fuentes más importantes de proteínas, especialmente en los países andinos. Además, las plantas de tarwi permiten la fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico y puede ser usado como cultivo rotativo en una agricultura ambientalmente sostenible. Sus semillas contienen más proteína...

Tratamiento comunitario al capital extranjero en los países de la Comunidad Andina desde 1970 hasta 1998

OpenAIRE

Montes, Carmen Victoria

2001-01-01

Con la presente investigación, se pretende ir más allá de una simple descripción de las normas que han regulado el capital extranjero en los países de la Comunidad Andina. El propósito principal es hallar las razones, que han motivado el cambio en las normas y las incidencias que ha tenido ese cambio sobre la afluencia de capital. Asimismo se pretende ver si la legislación comunitaria de los países andinos es compatible con la de la OMC. Para cumplir con este propósito se ha...

Estudio de la influencia comercial sobre los barrios el Nogal, el Espartillal y el Retiro y su efecto en el precio del suelo, en el periodo 1993 – 2010.

OpenAIRE

Cárdenas Carvajal, María Claudia

2014-01-01

El interés de esta monografía es describir el proceso de transformación urbana de los barrios El Retiro, El Espartillal y el Nogal de la ciudad de Bogotá, a partir del año 1993, en el cual se inauguró el Centro Comercial Andino. Se analiza y explica el desarrollo impulsado por el centro comercial sobre el territorio, transformando el uso de residencial e institucional a comercial y de servicios lo cual influyó directamente la densificación y valorización de los barrios. Por último se describe...

Estructura, diversidad y dinámica de la vegetación en el ecotono bosque-páramo: revisión de la evidencia en la Cordillera de Mérida

OpenAIRE

Luis Daniel Llambí

2015-01-01

En los Andes tropicales, el límite altitudinal de los bosques corresponde a una compleja zona de transición entre el bosque paramero y el páramo andino. En el límite inferior de esta zona ocurre a su vez una transición gradual entre el bosque y las selvas nubladas. La ordenación del territorio en estos ecosistemas se ha convertido en un tema prioritario en virtud de la creciente amenaza que representan para su conservación las actividades agropecuarias y la minería. En este trabajo se revisar...

Vegetation Structure, Diversity and Dynamics in the Forest-Paramo Ecotone: A Review of the Evidence in the Cordillera de Mérida

OpenAIRE

LLAMBÍ, Luis Daniel

2015-01-01

Acta Biológica Colombiana, 20(3):5-19, septiembre-diciembre de 2015. http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/index En los Andes tropicales, el límite altitudinal de los bosques corresponde a una compleja zona de transición entre el bosque paramero y el páramo andino. En el límite inferior de esta zona ocurre a su vez una transición gradual entre el bosque y las selvas nubladas. La ordenación del territorio en estos ecosistemas se ha convertido en un tema prioritario en virtud d...

Seminario Regional «La Cuestión Urbana en América Latina: Panorama y Desafíos de la investigación y la formación»

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Robert, Jérémy

2016-01-01

Quito está a punto de recibir la Tercera Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Desarrollo Sostenible y Vivienda, Hábitat III, en el mes de octubre de 2016, y pone el tema urbano en la agenda regional. En este marco, el IRD (Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement) con el apoyo del Instituto de la Ciudad de Quito, la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar y del IFEA (Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos UMIFRE 17, MAEDI/CNRS, USR 3337 América Latina), organizó el Seminario Regional «La Cuest...

Sistema electoral y representación política en el Perú actual

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Domingo García Belaunde

1987-12-01

Full Text Available El presente texto es la ponencia presentada al simposio internadonal "Sistema electoral y representación política-países andinos", organizado por el Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana y la Fundación Ebert, en colaboración con el Centro de Estudios Constitucionales y la Cátedra de Teoría del Estado de la UNED, y que se llevó a cabo en Segovia. del 25 al 27 de noviembre de 1986. Por razones de tiempo, no se pudo considerar comentario alguno acerca de las elecciones municipales realizadas en noviembre de 1986.

Políticas públicas y el derecho humano a la libertad sindical. El caso de los trabajadores agroindustriales del valle de Ica en Perú

OpenAIRE

Orellana Pérez, Pedro Mijaíl

2016-01-01

Nuestra Latinoamérica ha estado casi constantemente a la saga de los procesos globales, particularmente los países andinos han tenido que enfrentar fenómenos que han venido en vulnerar su soberanía así como a los sectores más vulnerables de nuestras sociedades, tanto en el ejercicio y realización de sus derechos como en oportunidades para su desarrollo; en el caso peruano la crisis hiperinflacionaria de los ochentas, con recesión económica y financiera total, además del narcotráfico y el terr...

Plan estratégico para la quinua del Perú

OpenAIRE

Sheen Cortavarría, Erika María; Arbieto Ramírez, Erico; Pozo Molina, María Del Rocío del

2007-01-01

La quinua es un producto oriundo de la región andina que ha sido reconocida en el mundo por su alto nivel proteico. Su cultivo, ha experimentado a lo largo de toda la historia peruana una serie de cambios genéticos que les han dado a los países andinos la exclusividad de su crecimiento a pesar que se han hecho esfuerzos para propiciar su adaptación a otros países. El Perú es el principal productor de quinua y el segundo país que exporta este cultivo, principalmente, al mercado norteamerica...

MODELACIÓN DEL EFECTO DE LA PODA Y RALEO SOBRE LAS DEFORMACIONES RESIDUALES LONGITUDINALES EN Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

OpenAIRE

Eduardo Navarrete; Carolina Valenzuela; Leif Nutto

2016-01-01

RESUMEN Se estudió una plantación de Eucalyptus globulus ubicada en el sector precordillerano andino de la región del Bío Bío, Chile, c on el objetivo de evaluar y modelar el efecto de la poda y raleo sobre las deformaciones residuales longitudinales (DRL) . El lugar de estudio correspondió a un rodal de 12 años de edad, el cual fue intervenido a los 2 años y medio de establecido, donde se evaluaron distintas intensidades de poda (0% y 60% de la altura total) y densidades de raleo (1.6...

MODELACIÓN DEL EFECTO DE LA PODA Y RALEO SOBRE LAS DEFORMACIONES RESIDUALES LONGITUDINALES EN Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

OpenAIRE

Navarrete, Eduardo; Valenzuela, Carolina; Nutto, Leif

2016-01-01

RESUMEN Se estudió una plantación de Eucalyptus globulus ubicada en el sector precordillerano andino de la región del Bío Bío, Chile, con el objetivo de evaluar y modelar el efecto de la poda y raleo sobre las deformaciones residuales longitudinales (DRL). El lugar de estudio correspondió a un rodal de 12 años de edad, el cual fue intervenido a los 2 años y medio de establecido, donde se evaluaron distintas intensidades de poda (0% y 60% de la altura total) y densidades de raleo (1.600 árb·ha...

IFEA 60 años

OpenAIRE

2014-01-01

15-09-2008 Riqueza paleontológica del Perú y Bolivia Museo Nacional de Historia Natural - Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María Coord. Christian De Muizon (Ex Director del Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Director de Investigación del CNRS, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural – Francia) Presentación de la Sesión Georges Lomné (Director del IFEA) Gerardo Lamas (Director del Museo de Historia Natural – UNMSM) La riqueza paleontológica del Perú: fauna de vertebrados marinos fósiles de la costa per...

Jóvenes, política y youtube : AZTRA estudio de caso

OpenAIRE

Nacimba Chicaiza, Henry Heriberto

2011-01-01

El grupo de folk metal andino AZTRA, tema de análisis, nace en Quito 18 de octubre 2001. El nombre se lo debe a la matanza acaecida en el ingenio azucarero del mismo nombre el 18 de octubre de 1977. Uno de los hallazgos de esta investigación da cuenta de cómo la banda se instituye como un agente de mediación entre su discurso y los jóvenes rockeros seguidores del grupo. Se instituye en la medida de complementar la experiencia del saber popular de la lucha y resistencia con la sistematización ...

Corredor Bimodal Cafetero

OpenAIRE

Duque Escobar, Gonzalo

2015-01-01

El Corredor Bimodal Cafetero es un proyecto de infraestructura estratégica que articula la Hidrovía del Magdalena con el Corredor Férreo del río Cauca, inscrito en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2014/2018 y financiable con la salida de 30 mil toneladas diarias de carbón andino a la cuenca del Pacífico. Incluye el Túnel Cumanday para cruzar la Cordillera Central, el Ferrocarril Cafetero de 150 km y 3% de pendiente entre La Dorada y el Km 41, y la Transversal Cafetera de 108 km para una vía de...

First detection of an NSAID, flunixin, in sheep's wool using GC-MS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Richards, Ngaio, E-mail: ngaio.richards@anglia.ac.uk [Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT (United Kingdom); Hall, Sarah [Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT (United Kingdom); Scott, Karen [Forensic Medicine and Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ (United Kingdom); Harrison, Nancy [Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT (United Kingdom)

2011-05-15

Exposure to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac resulted in the near extinction of three species of Gyps vultures on the Indian subcontinent. Other NSAIDs present in the environment, including flunixin, may pose a similar risk. In the course of a study to determine the feasibility of detecting NSAIDs in keratinous matrices (i.e., hair, nails and feathers) using GC-MS, wool opportunistically collected from a sheep treated with flunixin was analysed for residues. Flunixin was detected qualitatively in external wool wash and extract samples. While residues of veterinary agents and pesticides have previously been found in sheep's wool, our preliminary investigation provides the first instance of an NSAID being detected in this matrix. Here we provide the sample preparation methods and GC-MS parameters used to enable further refinement as part of ongoing conservation and consumer quality control measures. - Highlights: > In this study we qualitatively detected the NSAID flunixin in sheep's wool using GC-MS. > Potential applications of this technique to the conservation of avian scavengers are outlined. > The quantitative and confirmatory steps required to fully validate the method are also provided. - This is the first time that an NSAID has been investigated or detected in sheep's wool. As such, it details a novel exposure pathway for scavenging species in the environment and offers a potential tool for future monitoring effort in vulture conservation.

The power of poison: pesticide poisoning of Africa's wildlife.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogada, Darcy L

2014-08-01

Poisons have long been used to kill wildlife throughout the world. An evolution has occurred from the use of plant- and animal-based toxins to synthetic pesticides to kill wildlife, a method that is silent, cheap, easy, and effective. The use of pesticides to poison wildlife began in southern Africa, and predator populations were widely targeted and eliminated. A steep increase has recently been observed in the intensity of wildlife poisonings, with corresponding population declines. However, the majority of poisonings go unreported. Under national laws, it is illegal to hunt wildlife using poisons in 83% of African countries. Pesticide regulations are inadequate, and enforcement of existing legislation is poor. Few countries have forensic field protocols, and most lack storage and testing facilities. Methods used to poison wildlife include baiting carcasses, soaking grains in pesticide solution, mixing pesticides to form salt licks, and tainting waterholes. Carbofuran is the most widely abused pesticide in Africa. Common reasons for poisoning are control of damage-causing animals, harvesting fish and bushmeat, harvesting animals for traditional medicine, poaching for wildlife products, and killing wildlife sentinels (e.g., vultures because their aerial circling alerts authorities to poachers' activities). Populations of scavengers, particularly vultures, have been decimated by poisoning. Recommendations include banning pesticides, improving pesticide regulations and controlling distribution, better enforcement and stiffer penalties for offenders, increasing international support and awareness, and developing regional pesticide centers. © 2014 New York Academy of Sciences.

Observaciones sobre la ecología del páramo andino de Monserrate Observaciones sobre la ecología del páramo andino de Monserrate

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Sturm Helmut

1981-09-01

Full Text Available In a paramo region near Bogotá (Colombia, 3.230 m aboveseal evel investigations were made of clima, soil vegetation and fauna.  The mean temperature was 8.4 degrees C and the annual rainfall 1.221.4 mm. Sometimes great variations of relative humidity and of temperature near the soil surface could be registered. The properties of the black coloured paramosoil, wich probably is not a uniform type, are discussed. Its micromorphology and fauna were examined for the first time. The fauna is well developed and takes part intensivily in mixing the mineral and organic components. The soil type is classified as being between those which KUBIENA (1953 called "Pechtorf" and "Moderranker", The vegetation has been characterized by the estimation of the "Artmächtigkeit" (BRAUN-BLANQUET,1964 of the single species. The distribution and net production of Espeletia grandiflora Humb. & Bonpl., the most specificplant species in this paramo is discussed. The quantitative sampling of the fauna, especially of the arthropod fauna,was carried out by means of a combination of different methods to evaluate the density per litre and the density of activity. The mantle consisting of dead leaves of E. grandiflora proved to be a rich and characteristic "biotope". The facts are discussed partly by comparing them with correspondingfacts from a tropical rain forest.In a paramo region near Bogotá (Colombia, 3.230 m above seal evel investigations were made of clima, soil vegetation and fauna.  The mean temperature was 8.4 degrees C and the annual rainfall 1.221.4 mm. Sometimes great variations of relative humidity and of temperature near the soil surface could be registered. The properties of the black coloured paramo soil, wich probably is not a uniform type, are discussed. Its micromorphology and fauna were examined for the first time. The fauna is well developed and takes part intensivily in mixing the mineral and organic components. The soil type is classified as being between those which KUBIENA (1953 called "Pechtorf" and "Moderranker", The vegetation has been characterized by the estimation of the "Artmächtigkeit" (BRAUN-BLANQUET,1964 of the single species. The distribution and net production of Espeletia grandiflora Humb. & Bonpl., the most specific plant species in this paramo is discussed. The quantitative sampling of the fauna, especially of the arthropod fauna, was carried out by means of a combination of different methods to evaluate the density per litre and the density of activity. The mantle consisting of dead leaves of E. grandiflora proved to be a rich and characteristic "biotope". The facts are discussed partly by comparing them with corresponding facts from a tropical rain forest.

A lightweight portable, walk-in trap for catching vultures

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Two holes are drilled through the tubing and the piece of wood is attached to the tubing using 8.7 cm screws (Figure. 3). The location of the latch on the ... lightweight, walk-in trap, with door (shaded area) open, small black square shows location of gate latch. Figure 3. Close-up of gate latch. (photograph: David R. Barber).

Mighty vulture back from near extinction Austrian project breeds ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-02

Mar 2, 2007 ... Alpine roosts. Today, however, the bone crusher is soaring toward a comeback as the continent's most ambitious – and priciest – wildlife reintroduction project achieves small but biologically significant success. The species was hunted nearly to extinction in the Alps by the start of the 20th century, mainly by ...

Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres breeding status in southern Africa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

While our data suggests multiple colonies are stable or increasing, the extinction of peripheral colonies and contraction of the species' range is alarming and gives evidence for unsustainable population declines. Monitoring efforts chronicled the extinction of the previously large core colony at Roberts' Farm, which was ...

Poison blamed for decline of Spain's majestic Black Vultures

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-03-01

catastrophic” decline in numbers because of illegal poisoning by hunters. The use of poisoned bait to kill foxes, badgers, wild dogs, feral cats and smaller birds of prey has reduced the population by almost a half in the past decade,.

Evaluación de la eficiencia fotosintética del fitoplancton en un lago amazónico (Lago Boa y en un lago andino (Lago Guatavita Evaluation of the phytoplanktonic photosynthetic efficiency in an Amazon Lake (Lake Boa and in an Andean Lake (Lake Guatavita

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Gabriel A. Pinilla

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La relación entre la fluorescencia variable y la fluorescencia máxima (Fv/Fm de las comunidades de algas se ha utilizado comúnmente como una medida de la eficiencia fotosintética del fitoplancton. Dicha eficiencia puede estar afectada por la localización de los ambientes acuáticos en distintas provincias limnológicas. En este trabajo se quiso establecer la diferencia en la relación Fv/Fm entre el lago Boa (150 msnm, Amazonía colombiana y el lago Guatavita (3000 msnm, cordillera oriental de los Andes colombianos. Los promedios de las eficiencias medidas fueron en general bajos (0,212 a 0,367 y 0,089 a 0,32 en los lagos Boa y Guatavita, respectivamente, lo que señala estrés fisiológico para las algas. La eficiencia fue mayor en aguas intermedias y presentó cambios fuertes entre épocas de muestreo y entre ecosistemas. En aguas superficiales se presentó fotoinhibición, la cual fue más fuerte en Guatavita. La eficiencia fotosintética fue menor en el lago andino debido posiblemente a diferencias climáticas, de altura sobre el nivel del mar y de estratificación. Durante los ensayos de laboratorio se observó que la eficiencia disminuyó con el tiempo, lo cual pudo deberse a una aclimatación de las algas a la oscuridad. Los datos de laboratorio confirmaron que el fitoplancton epilimnético del lago Guatavita estuvo fotoinhibido en la época de estratificación.Commonly relation between variable fluorescence and maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm of the algae community has been utilized like a measure of the phytoplanktonic photosynthetic efficiency. Such efficiency can be affected by the water bodies' location in different limnological provinces. The goal of this work was to establish the differences in the Fv/Fm rate between Lake Boa (150 masl Colombian Amazon and Lake Guatavita (3000 masl, East Range in the Colombian Andes. In general, averages of the photosynthetic efficiencies were low (0.212 to 0.367 and 0.089 to 0.32 in lakes Boa and

La situación energética en el Pacto Andino

OpenAIRE

Centro de Estudios Sudamericanos

2008-01-01

Los países de la región han venido modernizando sus sectores energéticos y han adoptado enfoques similares en cuanto a objetivos generales como la búsqueda de la eficiencia mediante mecanismos de mercado donde ello sea posible; la tendencia al alejamiento del Estado de actividades puramente empresariales y su focalización en los temas de regulación y control; la puesta en marcha de políticas transparentes que promuevan la competencia; y la participación de inversionistas privados, etc. No obs...

Inmigrantes andinos en Madrid: Sus danzas y sus músicas tradicionales

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Lourdes Morales

2007-01-01

Full Text Available In our urban context we get in touch with people that have been forced to leave their countries under different circumstances in order to live in Spain. This article analyses their wish to maintain a group identity and how this identity is materialized by some individuals through traditional dance and music. The study is intended as a framework for subsequent educational investigations that relate that cultural reality with the situation in secondary schools where children of Latin American immigrants study.Nuestro entorno ciudadano inmediato nos pone en contacto diario con personas que por diferentes razones se han visto obligadas a dejar sus países de origen para instalarse en España. Este artículo analiza el deseo que surge en ellas de mantener una identidad de grupo, y cómo ésta se concreta en ciertos individuos mediante manifestaciones de danza y música popular tradicional. El estudio pretende servir de marco para ulteriores investigaciones educativas que vinculen esa realidad cultural con la situación de institutos de enseñanza secundaria en los que estudian hijos de inmigrantes latinoamericanos.

Grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae en Colombia

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Jorge Ari Noriega

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Una de las principales limitantes para generar estrategias para la conservación, es la falta de información y la dificultad para identificar vacíos de conocimiento, que faciliten el entendimiento de un grupo taxonómico. En este trabajo desarrollamos el diagnóstico sobre el grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos en Colombia. Se recopiló la bibliografía, utilizando 12 bases de datos y se revisaron 16 940 especímenes depositados en 26 colecciones. Se encontraron 232 especies, en 386 localidades, con un porcentaje de cobertura del 10.62%. Se evidencia en los últimos años un incremento en el número de estudios, sin embargo solo 64 localidades tienen publicaciones. Se encontraron registros para todos los departamentos, siendo los mejor muestreados: Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca y Boyacá. Los ecosistemas con mayor número de publicaciones son el bosque húmedo premontano Andino, el bosque húmedo montano Andino y el bosque húmedo del Pacífico. Sin embargo, existen muchos ecosistemas con muy pocos estudios como los manglares, zonas desérticas, savanas naturales, morichales, páramos, bosques inundables y sistemas agrícolas. La región biogeográfica con mayor número de localidades es la Andina, seguida del Chocó-Magdalenense y la Amazonía. A nivel general, persiste un alto nivel de submuestreo. Se evidencia la necesidad de ampliar la cobertura del muestreo a nivel nacional, enfocando los esfuerzos en aquellas áreas submuestreadas con importancia a nivel de conservación.

Le travail des femmes à Frías: modèle andin et variante régionale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1993-01-01

Full Text Available À Frías, dans les Andes de Piura, les femmes sont absentes des tâches de production agricole au sens strict. Une comparaison avec des études menées dans d’autres régions montre en quoi cette organisation diffère d’un modèle andin. Mais ce modèle est trompeur. Il recouvre une grande variété de situations. Entre autres facteurs, la reconstitution du passé d’un système de production est nécessaire pour comprendre son orientation actuelle. EL TRABAJO DE LAS MUJERES EN FRÍAS: MODELO ANDINO Y VARIANTE REGIONAL. En Frías, en la sierra de Piura, las mujeres no participan en las tareas de producción agrícola en el sentido estricto. Una comparación con estudios realizados en otras regiones indica cómo esta organización difiere de un modelo andino. Pero, este modelo, que hemos construido, encubre una gran diversidad de casos. Entre otros factores, la reconstitución del pasado de un sistema de producción es necesaria para entender su orientación actual. WOMEN’ S WORK: ANDEAN PATTERN AND LOCAL VARIATION. Women are not present in agricultural working stricto sensu in Frías, in the Piura highlands. A comparison of the pattern of organization with case studies in other regions of Peru shows differences with the Andean pattern. But the pattern described here covers a great diversity of situations. Among many factors, the historical reconstitution of a farming system is necessary to understand its current orientation.

Horacio Durán, Italo Pedrotti, Charango Method – Método de Charango, Mel Bay Publications, INC, Noviembre 2010, 208 p.

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Léonardo Garcia

2010-11-01

Full Text Available La edición de métodos dedicados a la ejecución de instrumentos musicales andinos populares ha sido generalmente escasa en comparación su grado de difusión discográfica y a su proyección musical.   La mayoría de las obras editadas remontan a un período relativamente reciente (años 1960, asociándose a las diversas experiencias folk de esa época (Ej. “nueva canción latinoamericana”. Sin embargo, hasta los años 1990 la reticencia a la escritura en este ámbito pareciera primar. Podríamos mencion...

Red de Noticias vía satélite. Diógenes y el reto de América Latina

OpenAIRE

Nell Thomas

2015-01-01

Los sistemas de intercambio de noticias existentes fueron desarrolladas en una época en la cual la capacidad de satélites era escasa y costosa. Ahora los procesos de integración se han acelerado. En América Latina se puede constatar que los procesos de integración son muy dinámicos en el Cono Sur, en los países andinos y también en América Central. Con el surgimiento de TLC, gigante económico, la necesidad de mayor información ha crecido porque sin información no se puede dar a la integración...

Valorización de la empresa Unión Andina de Cementos S.A.A. (UNACEM S.A.A.)

OpenAIRE

Cárdenas Zúñiga, Julissa Yasmet; Zapana Solórzano, Edson Humberto; Puell Escobedo, Percy Alejandro

2016-01-01

Unión Andina de Cementos S.A.A. (UNACEM S.A.A.) es la cementera líder en el Perú con más de 60 años en el mercado. Es una empresa formada el 25 de julio del 2012 a partir de la fusión de dos empresas cementeras (Cementos Lima fundada en 1967, y Cemento Andino creada en 1952). Su actividad se centra en producir cemento en el Perú y en el extranjero, incluyendo su comercialización y venta. Se muestra el valor de la empresa UNACEM mediante el uso de dos modelos: el método de descuento del flujo ...

LI, Fabiana. Unearthing conflict: corporate mining, activism, and expertise in Peru. Durham: Duke University Press, 2015. 265 p.

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Peñafiel, Adriana Paola Paredes

2015-01-01

Este livro é o produto da pesquisa de mestrado e doutorado da antropóloga Fabiana Li em dois lugares emblemáticos na questão de conflitos mineiros no Peru: La Oroya no centro andino e Cajamarca ao norte dos Andes peruanos. O primeiro é um complexo metalúrgico que funciona desde os inícios do século XX e que a partir de 1997 está sob o comando da empresa americana Doe Run. O segundo é a cidade de Cajamarca, onde está localizada a maior jazida de ouro da América do Sul, Yanacocha, operada pela ...

¿Nuevos sujetos subalternos? ¡No en la nación cercada! Del “Informe sobre Uchuraccay” de Mario Vargas Llosa a Madeinusa de Claudia Llosa

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Juan Carlos Ubilluz Raygada

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Madeinusa (2006, la ópera prima de Claudia Llosa, es una de las películas peruanas más exitosas en el exterior; ha ganado festivales de cine en Europa y Estados Unidos. Pero también es la película que ha suscitado uno de los debates más candentes en el medio nacional. El debate gira en torno a la representación del mundo andino y de sus habitantes. A fin de entender el porqué de su carácter encendido, dediquemos de entrada algunas líneas al espacio y al tiempo de la película.

Efecto de gelificantes en la formulación de dulce de yacón

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Maldonado,Silvina; Singh,Judith del Carmen

2008-01-01

El yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) es un tubérculo andino cultivado en las laderas de los Andes. Es una planta perenne que llega a su madurez entre 6-7 meses hasta 1 año, según la altura sobre el nivel del mar. Este trabajo propone la formulación de un producto alimenticio a partir de yacón por agregado de solutos: glucosa y sacarosa y combinación de barreras de estrés. Se estudió el efecto de gelificantes: agar-agar, pectina y goma arábiga, en tres concentraciones: 0,30, 0,41 y 0,48%. Se ag...

Efecto de gelificantes en la formulación de dulce de yacón Efeito de gelificante na formulação do doce do yacon

OpenAIRE

Silvina Maldonado; Judith del Carmen Singh

2008-01-01

El yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) es un tubérculo andino cultivado en las laderas de los Andes. Es una planta perenne que llega a su madurez entre 6-7 meses hasta 1 año, según la altura sobre el nivel del mar. Este trabajo propone la formulación de un producto alimenticio a partir de yacón por agregado de solutos: glucosa y sacarosa y combinación de barreras de estrés. Se estudió el efecto de gelificantes: agar-agar, pectina y goma arábiga, en tres concentraciones: 0,30, 0,41 y 0,48%. Se ag...

Comunidad Andina y negocios internacionales: una visión desde su institucionalidad y supranacionalidad

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Luis Nelson Beltrán Mora

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg Este trabajo, presenta la evolución de la integración de la Comunidad Andina (CAN desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional; se deduce que el Sistema de Integración Andino (SAI, no sólo ha permitido la promoción de los negocios sino que el Derecho Comunitario (DC desarrollado en el grupo, blinda los tratados comerciales dando institucionalidad y supranacionalidad a la CAN, al punto de convertirse en referencia para imitarlo en la reciente creada Unión de Naciones del Sur (UNASUR. En la CAN, el nuevo regionalismo abierto genera incertidumbre sobre el futuro de dicho bloque.

Turismo, geografía, globalización. Una multitud de combinaciones por explorar

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Raymond, Nathalie

2013-01-01

De París a Lima: los orígenes de un tema de investigación Cuando hace 10 años, durante una conversación, Olivier Dollfus me habló por primera vez de la posibilidad de solicitar una beca de investigación al Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos de Lima para llevar a cabo una tesis de doctorado, yo no conocía ni la existencia de estos centros de investigación franceses en el extranjero ni América Latina. Mis estudios secundarios me habían orientado hacia el aprendizajedel alemán y no del castel...

Dominant culturable bacterial microbiota in the digestive tract of the American black vulture (Coragyps atratus Bechstein 1793 and search for antagonistic substances Microbiota bacteriana dominante cultivável no trato digestivo do urubu (Coragyps atratus Bechstein 1793

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Lydston Rodrigues de Carvalho

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Strict and facultative culturable anaerobic bacteria from the digestive tract of six American black vultures (Coragyps atratus Bechstein 1793 were isolated and identified. After capture, the birds received a non-contaminated diet for one week to eliminate possible allochthonous microorganisms. Then, specimens collected from tongue, stomach and intestines were weighed, submitted to decimal dilution in an anaerobic chamber, inoculated into culture media and incubated aerobically and anaerobically at 37ºC for enumeration, isolation and identification. Isolated bacteria were submitted to tests to detect possible antagonisms between them. The total bacterial population along the digestive tract ranged from 3.46 ± 0.39 log CFU/g in the stomach to 10.75 ± 0.37 log CFU/g in the distal intestine. Some bacteria were isolated for the first time from the digestive tract of C. atratus: Actinomyces bovis, Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Micrococcus luteus, Neisseria sicca, Clostridium bifermentans, Enterobacter agglomerans, Peptostreptococcus sp., Sarcina sp., Serratia odorifera, and Shigella flexneri. Associations between microorganisms were observed during isolation on two occasions, one involving A. bovis and N. sicca, and the other involving A. bovis and a Gram-negative rod. Hetero-, iso- and autoantagonisms were observed, suggesting the ecological role of these indigenous microorganisms in terms of population auto-control and environmental barrier in the digestive tract of carrion-feeding birds.As bactérias anaeróbias estritas e facultativas cultiváveis do trato digestivo de seis urubus (Coragyps atratus Bechstein 1793 foram isoladas e identificadas. Após a captura, as aves receberam uma alimentação de baixa contaminação durante uma semana para eliminar possíveis microorganismos alóctonos. A seguir, amostras colhidas na língua, estomago e intestinos foram pesadas, submetidas a diluições decimais numa câmara anaeróbia, inoculadas em meios de

La précarité : une catégorie d’analyse pertinente des enjeux de la norme d’emploi et des situations sociales « d’entre-deux »

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Maryse Bresson

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Le présent article propose de prolonger le débat sur « La précarité » commencé dans la livraison de SociologieS mise en ligne le 27 septembre 2010. Il met en perspective les analyses d’Henri Eckert et Mircea Vultur, et propose une grille d’analyse de la précarité ou plus exactement, ici, des emplois dits « atypiques ». L’auteure invite à distinguer d’une part, les représentations sociales et les ressentis « subjectifs » des individus ; d’autre part, les processus économiques et sociaux associés aux transformations du marché du travail, afin de mieux articuler ensuite ces deux dimensions, en insistant sur l’enjeu de la norme d’emploi, et sur l’idée « d’entre-deux » proposée comme clé de lecture de la précarité.Precariousness: a pertinent analysis of the standard of employment issues and of "in-between" social situationsThis paper proposes to extend the debate on "Precariousness" started in SociologieS online on September 27, 2010. It puts into perspective analyses of Henry Eckert and Mircea Vultur, and offers an analysis of precariousness, or more precisely, here, jobs as "atypical". The author invites to distinguish, on the one hand, social representations and how individualsfeel subjectively the precariousness; on the other hand, economic and social processes associated to changes in the labour market, in order to better articulate these two dimensions, with particular emphasis on the issue of the standard of employment, and on the idea of "in-between" proposed as a key to reading the precariousness.¿Es la precariedad un concepto pertinente en lo que concierne la problemática del empleo y des situaciones sociales ambiguas?Este artículo es la continuación del debate sobe la precariedad publicado en la red en Sociologies el 27 septiembre de 2010. Pone en perspectiva los análisis de Henri Eckert y de Mircea Vultur y presenta un panel de análisis de la precariedad en particular de los

Linajes mitocondriales en muestras de esquina de Huajra (Jujuy, Argentina. Aportes al estudio de la ocupación incaica en la región y la procedencia de sus habitantes

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María Russo

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El sitio arqueológico Esquina de Huajra (centrosur de la Quebrada de Humahuaca corresponde a una instalación ubicada cronológicamente en la Fase Inca (ca. 500-420 AP y la tradicionalmente asignada en el noroeste argentino como Hispano Indígena o de primeros contactos con el español (ca. 420-320 AP. Enmarcado en la política económica incaica, habría sido clave en la explotación y distribución de bienes procedentes de las Yungas Orientales. Además, su cultura material sugiere importantes redes de interacción con las tierras altas, planteando interrogantes sobre la conformación poblacional de sus habitantes.En este trabajo se analizan los linajes maternos de individuos de Esquina de Huajra en comparación con otros sitios del centro-sur andino para evaluar su posible origen foráneo, considerando que el reasentamiento de poblaciones fue una práctica imperial recurrente. El ADN fue extraído de piezas dentales de 6 individuos. Se secuenció la Región Hipervariable I del ADN mitocondrial en cuatro individuos hallándose dos A2 y dos C1. La ausencia de B2 discrepa con lo descripto para gran parte de los sitios andinos, donde este haplogrupo es mayoritario. Dos de los cuatro haplotipos se comparten únicamente con otros sitios de la Quebrada de Humahuaca del Período de Desarrollos Regionales (Los Amarillos y San José; pero una variante nodal C1 fue reportada tanto en Juella como en sitios peruanos preincaicos e incaicos. Estos resultados representan un primer aporte al estudio genético de los habitantes de Esquina de Huajra y una evidencia más de los complejos procesos poblacionales en la región andina.

El tarwi o chocho: una de las principales fuentes de proteína vegetal de las comunidades indígenas de los Andes Centrales

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Planchuelo, Ana M.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El lupino andino (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet conocido también como tarwi o chocho, es una especie de leguminosa nativa de los Andes Centrales. Su domesticación se remonta a los principios de la cultura Nazca y desde ese entonces hasta la actualidad el cultivo está ampliamente difundido en las laderas montañosas y en los altos valles de Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia. La importancia del lupino para las comunidades andinas prehispánicas quedo documentada en pinturas de cerámicas y en tributos encontrados en tumbas de 100-150 años AC. Diversas técnicas de lavado y de mejoramiento vegetal fueron aplicadas desde la antigüedad para eliminar los alcaloides tóxicos que le confieren el sabor amargo a la planta y los granos. El tarwi, el maíz. los frijoles, los pseudocereales, quinoa y amaranto y la papa junto a otras raíces y tubérculos constituyen la comida básica de muchas culturas andinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los componentes nutricionales de los granos del lupino andino para compararlos con los otros constituyentes de la dieta de las comunidades campesinas. Se analizaron por medio de técnicas fitoquímicas distintas variedades de tarwi. Se determinaron los contenidos de proteínas y grasas y los patrones de ácidos grasos. Los resultados muestran que la ingesta de lupinos, que provee un buen balance de proteínas y grasas en combinación con el maíz y los tubérculos, que aportan los hidratos de carbono, forman una dieta balanceada y de alto valor nutricional.

Blood-borne parasites in the Black Vulture Coragyps atratus in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

campbell

varying greatly by species (Kloss et al. 2003, Nogami et al. 2000). Because sampling occurred at an .... of 12 with multiple protozoan genera present. Finding only hemoprotozoans of the genus. Plasmodium is thus concordant with previously established patterns. Also in agreement with previous research is the lack of.

Scavenging and predation by Black Vultures Coragyps atratus at a ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Entre un 12% y 17% de los cachorros sufrieron ataques por jotes durante ambas temporadas. Los perros vagos compiten en forma ventajosa con jotes por carroña. Se postula que la redirección de una conducta carroñera mutualista a depredadora, en el jote de cabeza negra, estaría influenciada por estrés alimentario, ...

Observations on the breeding of Indian long-billed vultures Gyps ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

observed to be abandoned by the birds after 29 days of incubation during December. We also observed mating attempts (n=5) in adult birds during nestling period. Out of 16 chicks, one died at the hatching stage and one died during the fledgling stage, thus only 14 chicks fledged successfully with a success rate of. 82.35%.

Monitoring White-backed Vultures Gyps africanus in the North West ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Campbell Murn

Stellaland), South Africa. Dirk, Karen and Stefan van Stuyvenberg. Stellaland Raptor Project. e-mail: stuyvies@telkomsa.net. Introduction. We became involved with the ringing of birds in 2002 and started to ring raptors actively since 2003.

TAFONOMÍA DE RESTOS ÓSEOS PROVENIENTES DE EGAGRÓPILAS DE CORAGYPS ATRATUS (JOTE DE CABEZA NEGRA EN EL NOROESTE DE LA PATAGONIA ARGENTINA/Taphonomy of bones remains from pellets of Coragyps Atratus (black vulture in the northwest of the argentinian Patag

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Fernando Ballejo

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Existen diversos estudios actualísticos en tafonomía sobre restos de presas de diferentes especies de aves raptoras. Sin embargo, este tipo de trabajos en aves carroñeras ha sido escasamente considerado hasta el momento en Argentina, a pesar que ellas cumplen un papel fundamental en la alteración y transporte de cadáveres. Coragyps atratus (jote de cabeza negra tiene la particularidad de formar posaderos comunales cercanos a áreas de actividades humanas y de alimentarse de animales de todos los tamaños, por lo que pueden interferir en la formación de sitios arqueológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis tafonómico sobre los restos óseos recuperados de egagrópilas de C. atratus en el Noroeste patagónico, con el fin de generar herramientas que permitan identificar a estas aves como posibles agentes acumuladores. Se recolectaron 469 egagrópilas distribuidas en tres posaderos del Noroeste patagónico. Se identificaron los elementos recuperados y se evaluaron los grados de alteraciones por ácidos gástricos. Lepus europaeus y Ovis aries dominaron las muestras. Los elementos más representativos pertenecen al autopodio, principalmente falanges. Todos ellos muestran signos de digestión, que van desde porosidades superficiales, perforaciones y fracturas, con la desaparición de la médula en el caso de varias falanges; denotando diferencias en relación al tamaño de la presa consumida. Abstract There are several actualistic taphonomic studies regarding different species of birds of prey. However, the studies focus on scavenger birds have been scarcely considered in Argentina, despite the fact that they play a fundamental role in the alteration and transportation of carcasses. A peculiar characteristic of Coragyps atratus (black vulture is that it builds communal roosts near places where human activities are developed and it feeds on animals of varying size, which may interfere with the formation of archaeological

Then Fandango Complex in the Spanish Atlantic: a Panoramic View

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Peter Manuel

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Así como las formas andaluzas más conocidas del fandango muestran ciertos rasgos musicales distintivos, que pueden servir para vincular estos subgéneros, histórica y estructuralmente, a grupos mucho más amplios de las familias musicales transatlánticas, como el fandango popular y el semiclásico del siglo XVIII, géneros anteriores como la zarabanda y la chacona, la amplia familia de patrón ternario de la cuenca del Caribe, además de otros géneros andinos y sudamericanos. Mientras tanto, existen diferencias claras entre el complejo del fandango y otras familias importantes en el Atlántico español.

"Piores que bestas feras": Garcilaso de la Vega e o imaginário hispano-inca sobre os Guarani Chiriguano

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Protasio Paulo Langer

Full Text Available No presente artigo propomos uma análise do imaginário de Garcilaso de la Vega sobre os Chiriguano - povo guarani falante que, por volta do século XV, se estabeleceu nas fronteiras do império andino. O tenaz enfrentamento que travaram contra os exércitos imperiais incaicos e, posteriormente, contra os hispânicos ensejou que o cronista Garcilaso de la Vega descrevesse os Chiriguano como a antítese da civilização. Nossa análise incide sobre como esse cronista mestiço abordou os Chiriguano, no intuito de tecer similaridades entre o imaginário cristão e o inca.

Germán Rodas Chaves. Eloy Alfaro y Cuba en el Siglo XIX. La Habana: Fondo Editorial Casa de las Américas, 2013. 218 páginas.

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René Villaboy Zaldivar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A propósito de que la República del Ecuador fuera el país invitado de honor a la XXIII Feria Internacional del Libro de la Habana, numerosas ediciones relacionadas con la literatura, el arte, la historia, la política y, en general, sobre la rica cultura del país andino vieron la luz en febrero de 2014. A una de ellas dedico este comentario. Se trata de Eloy Alfaro y Cuba en el siglo XIX, del historiador ecuatoriano Germán Rodas Chaves, publicada con excelente factura dentro de la colección investigaciones del Fondo Editorial de la Casa de las Américas.

Jícama: Producto con Identidad Territorial

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Marisol Idrovo Avecillas

2015-11-01

La jícama es un producto con identidad territorial (PIT, son fragmentos de la perspectiva de tierras aptas para el cultivo, producción, comercialización sostenible que se apega al Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir, que se ajusta al cambio de la Matriz Productiva incluyendo a los sectores involucrados del país, este vegetal andino no es consumido regularmente por los ecuatorianos; los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio nos indican que es un vegetal rico en: grasa, proteína, humedad, fibra dietética, carbohidratos totales, energía total, energía de la grasa, hierro, sodio, potasio, calcio, vitaminas, entre otras propiedades.

El simbolismo del piojo en el mundo andino. Boceto filológico

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Marie-France Souffez

1985-12-01

Full Text Available El valor que se da al piojo varía  según los lugares y las culturas del mundo. En las zonas urbanas peruanas es  sinónimo de  suciedad y  pobreza. En las zonas rurales tradicionales andinas, nos parece estar asociado a la pobreza y a la riqueza, a la muerte y a la vida. Las modalidades-y los matices de expresión de estas asociaciones forman el objeto de nuestro estudio. El presente artículo desarrolla un análisis parcial del vocabulario quechua y aimara relacionado con este parásito.

Recuperación estructural en bosques sucesionales andinos de Porce (Antioquia, Colombia

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Adriana P Yepes

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Lugares susceptibles a perturbaciones naturales o antrópicas pueden recuperar la cobertura boscosa. La sucesión tropical puede ser afectada por factores tales como perturbaciones, distancia al bosque original, topografía y clima local. Estos factores determinan la composición de especies y la tasa de recuperación de los sitios. Se estudió la sucesión en suelos que habían sido usados para el establecimiento de pasturas ganaderas por varias décadas en la Región Porce de Colombia (bosques Colombianos de los Andes. Se midieron un total de veinticinco parcelas, incluyendo nueve parcelas (20x50m en bosques primarios y dieciséis (20x25m en bosques secundarios. Se midieron todos los árboles con un diámetro ≥1.0cm. Se analizó la densidad, área basal, biomasa aérea y riqueza de especies, en un bosque con un proceso sucesional de ca. 43 años y en un bosque primario. Las edades de los bosques secundarios fueron obtenidas en estudios previos usando la datación con carbono catorce (C14, fotografías aéreas y el análisis de imágenes de satélite de alta resolución (entre 7 y >43 años. En total, 1 143 y 1 766 individuos se midieron en bosque primario y secundario, respectivamente. El área basal (5.7 a 85.4m²ha-1, la biomasa aérea (19.1 a 1 011.5 t ha-1 y la riqueza de especies (4 a 69 aumentaron directamente con la edad de los sitios, mientras que la densidad de árboles disminuyó (3 180 a 590. Las distribuciones diamétricas fueron en J-invertida para los bosques primarios y unimodal para los secundarios. Tres especies de palmas fueron abundantes y exclusivas de bosques secundarios viejos y bosques primarios: Oenocarpus mapora, Euterpe precatoria y Oenocarpus bataua. Cohortes de estas palmas aparecieron después de perturbaciones del bosque. La recuperación de la estructura de los bosques secundarios en más de 43 años de sucesión fue 40% e indica que varios factores están interactuando y afectando la sucesión de los bosques en el área (e.g. agricultura, ganadería extensiva, minería, etc..Structural recovering in Andean successional forests from Porce (Antioquia, Colombia. Places subjected to natural or human disturbance can recover forest through an ecological process called secondary succession. Tropical succession is affected by factors such as disturbances, distance from original forest, surface configuration and local climate. These factors determine the composition of species and the time trend of the succession itself. We studied succession in soils used for cattle ranching over various decades in the Porce Region of Colombia (Andean Colombian forests. A set of twenty five permanent plots was measured, including nine plots (20x50m in primary forests and sixteen (20x25m in secondary forests. All trees with diameter ≥1.0cm were measured. We analyzed stem density, basal area, above-ground biomass and species richness, in a successional process of ca. 43 years, and in primary forests. The secondary forests’ age was estimated in previous studies, using radiocarbon dating, aerial photographs and a high-resolution satellite image analysis (7 to >43 years. In total, 1 143 and 1 766 stems were measured in primary and secondary forests, respectively. Basal area (5.7 to 85.4m²ha-1, above-ground biomass (19.1 to 1 011.5 t ha-1 and species richness (4 to 69 directly increased with site age, while steam density decreased (3 180 to 590. Diametric distributions were "J-inverted" for primary forests and even-aged size-class structures for secondary forests. Three species of palms were abundant and exclusive in old secondary forests and primary forests: Oenocarpus mapora, Euterpe precatoria and Oenocarpus bataua. These palms happened in cohorts after forest disturbances. Secondary forest structure was 40% in more than 43 years of forest succession and indicate that many factors are interacting and affecting the forests succession in the area (e.g. agriculture, cattle ranching, mining, etc.. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1: 427-445. Epub 2010 March 01.

La mitigación de heladas en los camellones del altiplano andino

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2003-01-01

Full Text Available The raised fields system is an old technique of soil and water management, which was very frequent in the Lake Titicaca region before the Spanish conquest. It essentially consists of a series of earth platforms surrounded by water canals. Crops are grown on the platforms and water level in the canals is controled through inlet and outlet ditches. An important and widely recognized benefit of this system of management is its contribution to frost mitigation during the growing season. An experiment has been conducted on a system of raised fields in the Lake Titicaca region with the goal of quantifying the phenomenon and specifying the physical processes responsible for the mitigation effect. A potato crop was grown on the platforms of the raised fields and the same crop was grown on a control plot in the “Pampa”. Experimental results show that during the night: (i water temperature is much greater than the temperature of the crop on the platforms (ii crop temperature is always greater (1-2 degrees on the platforms than on the control plot in the Pampa. A physical process-based model, adapted from a two-layer transfer scheme of the Shuttleworth-Wallace type (a vegetation layer and a substrate layer of water, is presented to explain the mitigation effect. The model specifies the role played by the canals in the nocturnal heat dynamics and the night-time variation of crop temperature. The mitigation effect is due to heat emanating from the canals and to water condensation on the leaves. When used in a predictive way, the model shows that wider canals and narrower platforms have a positive impact on the minimum crop temperature reached during the night. Increasing water depth also improves frost mitigation, but conversely, a deeper canal (with the same level of water has a negative impact. Leaf area index (LAI and crop height, both have a positive impact on frost mitigation. The marginal benefit, however, is very small when LAI is greater than 1. Higher wind velocity or higher air relative humidity also enhances the frost mitigation effect. El sistema de camellones o “waru warus” es una antigua técnica agrícola de manejo del suelo y del agua. En los tiempos prehispánicos era muy frecuente en la región del lago Titicaca. Consiste esencialmente en una serie de plataformas de tierra rodeadas por canales de agua. Las plantas se cultivan sobre las plataformas y el nivel del agua en los canales puede controlarse a través de entradas y salidas de agua. Un beneficio importante y ampliamente reconocido de este sistema de manejo en el altiplano es su contribución a la mitigación de heladas nocturnas durante la campaña agrícola. Con el objetivo de cuantificar este fenómeno y describir los procesos físicos responsables de la mitigación, se ha realizado un experimento en la región del lago Titicaca sobre un sistema de camellones cultivado con papas comparándolo con una parcela “testigo” en la “Pampa”. Se presentan resultados experimentales que evidencian por una parte, el valor elevado de la temperatura del agua con respecto a la del cultivo sobre las plataformas, y por otra, una temperatura de cultivo siempre mayor (1-2 grados en los camellones que en la Pampa. Conjuntamente se presenta un modelo mecanístico adaptado de un esquema de transferencia bi-capa de tipo “Shuttleworth-Wallace” (una capa de vegetación y un sustrato de agua. El modelo precisa el papel que juegan los canales en la dinámica del calor y por lo tanto en la variación de la temperatura del cultivo durante la noche. El efecto de mitigación se debe al flujo de calor que emana del agua y a menudo también a la condensación del vapor de agua sobre las hojas del cultivo. Utilizando el modelo de manera predictiva, se muestra que canales más anchos o plataformas más estrechas tienen un impacto positivo sobre la temperatura mínima del cultivo alcanzada durante la noche. Aumentar la profundidad del agua mejora también la mitigación de heladas, pero a la inversa, un canal más profundo (con el mismo nivel de agua tiene un impacto negativo. Aumentar el índice de ��rea foliar (LAI o la altura del cultivo tiene un efecto positivo sobre la mitigación de heladas (el beneficio marginal, sin embargo, es muy pequeño cuando el índice foliar supera el valor 1. Mayor velocidad de viento o mayor humedad relativa incrementa también el efecto de mitigación de heladas. Le système des ados ou waru warus, est une ancienne technique agricole qui était très fréquente dans la région du lac Titicaca à l’époque préhispanique. Elle consiste essentiellement en une série de plateformes de terre surélevées entourées par des canaux. Les plantes se cultivent sur les plateformes et le niveau d’eau dans les canaux est contrôlé par les entrées et sorties. Un bénéfice important et largement reconnu de ce système de culture sur l’altiplano est sa contribution à l’atténuation des gelées nocturnes durant la campagne agricole. Dans le but de quantifier ce phénomène et de décrire les processus physiques responsables de cette atténuation une expérimentation a été conduite dans la région du lac Titicaca en comparant un système d’ados cultivés avec des pommes de terre avec une parcelle témoin dans la “ Pampa ”. Les résultats expérimentaux mettent en évidence, d’une part la valeur élevée de la température de l’eau par rapport à celle de la culture sur les plateformes, d’autre part une température de la culture toujours plus élevée (1-2 degrés dans les ados que dans la Pampa. On présente également un modèle mécaniste, adapté d’un schéma de transfert bi-couche de type “ Shuttleworth-Wallace ” (une couche représentant la végétation et une couche représentant le substrat d’eau. Le modèle précise le rôle joué la nuit par les canaux dans la dynamique de la chaleur et dans la variation de la température de la culture. Il apparaît que l’effet d’atténuation est dû principalement au flux de chaleur sensible qui émane de l’eau, mais souvent aussi à la condensation de vapeur d’eau sur les feuilles de la culture. En utilisant le modèle de manière prédictive on montre que des canaux plus larges ou des plateformes plus étroites ont un impact positif sur la température minimale de la culture atteinte durant la nuit. Augmenter la profondeur de l’eau améliore également l’effet d’atténuation des gelées, mais à l’inverse, un canal plus profond, avec le même niveau d’eau, a un impact négatif. L’augmentation de la surface foliaire (LAI ou de la hauteur du couvert a un effet positif sur l’atténuation des gelées. Une vitesse de vent plus forte ou une humidité relative de l’air plus élevée accroît également l’effet d’atténuation.

Age-Related Relationships between Innate Immunity and Plasma Carotenoids in an Obligate Avian Scavenger.

Science.gov (United States)

López-Rull, Isabel; Hornero-Méndez, Dámaso; Frías, Óscar; Blanco, Guillermo

2015-01-01

Variation in immunity is influenced by allocation trade-offs that are expected to change between age-classes as a result of the different environmental and physiological conditions that individuals encounter over their lifetime. One such trade-off occurs with carotenoids, which must be acquired with food and are involved in a variety of physiological functions. Nonetheless, relationships between immunity and carotenoids in species where these micronutrients are scarce due to diet are poorly studied. Among birds, vultures show the lowest concentrations of plasma carotenoids due to a diet based on carrion. Here, we investigated variations in the relationships between innate immunity (hemagglutination by natural antibodies and hemolysis by complement proteins), pathogen infection and plasma carotenoids in nestling and adult griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) in the wild. Nestlings showed lower hemolysis, higher total carotenoid concentration and higher pathogen infection than adults. Hemolysis was negatively related to carotenoid concentration only in nestlings. A differential carotenoid allocation to immunity due to the incomplete development of the immune system of nestlings compared with adults is suggested linked to, or regardless of, potential differences in parasite infection, which requires experimental testing. We also found that individuals with more severe pathogen infections showed lower hemagglutination than those with a lower intensity infection irrespective of their age and carotenoid level. These results are consistent with the idea that intraspecific relationships between innate immunity and carotenoids may change across ontogeny, even in species lacking carotenoid-based coloration. Thus, even low concentrations of plasma carotenoids due to a scavenger diet can be essential to the development and activation of the immune system in growing birds.

Exploring bird aerodynamics using radio-controlled models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoey, Robert G

2010-01-01

A series of radio-controlled glider models was constructed by duplicating the aerodynamic shape of soaring birds (raven, turkey vulture, seagull and pelican). Controlled tests were conducted to determine the level of longitudinal and lateral-directional static stability, and to identify the characteristics that allowed flight without a vertical tail. The use of tail-tilt for controlling small bank-angle changes, as observed in soaring birds, was verified. Subsequent tests, using wing-tip ailerons, inferred that birds use a three-dimensional flow pattern around the wing tip (wing tip vortices) to control adverse yaw and to create a small amount of forward thrust in gliding flight.

Carrapatos do gênero amblyomma (acari: ixodidae e suas relações com os hospedeiros em área endêmica para febre maculosa no Estado de São Paulo Ticks of genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae and their relationship with hosts in endemic area for spotted fever in the state of São Paulo

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Carlos Alberto Perez

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliadas 7 espécies da mastofauna e 36 da avifauna quanto à prevalência e intensidade de infestação por carrapatos na ESALQ/USP, no Município de Piracicaba, SP. Analisaram-se 52 indivíduos da mastofauna e 158 da avifauna, parasitados por 12418 carrapatos. Os exemplares adultos (N= 7343 foram encontrados em parasitismo nas capivaras enquanto que os imaturos foram, na maioria, coletados de pequenos mamíferos e aves. Os principais hospedeiros para as formas imaturas, em ordem decrescente, foram gambás (69,1%, capivaras (24,4% e urubus (3,7%. Entre a avifauna, o urubu apresentou o maior número de carrapatos com 69,9%, seguido por indivíduos das famílias Thamnophilidae e Turdidae. Os carrapatos adultos encontrados em capivaras foram A. cajennense (80,8% e A. dubitatum (19,2%. Ambas as espécies foram também coletadas em gambás, correspondendo a 72,4% e 27,6%, respectivamente. Pela facilidade de captura e atratividade de Amblyomma spp. o gambá pode ser usado como bioindicador de infestação em locais endêmicos para febre maculosa. Considerando os índices de parasitismo e prevalência bem como de abundância de carrapatos, susceptibilidade dos hospedeiros, proliferação e susceptibilidade para infecção por R. rickettsi, capivaras e gambás são potenciais hospedeiros amplificadores desse microrganismo no Campus da ESALQ, enquanto eqüídeos, urubus e gatos atuam como hospedeiros secundários.Seven species of mammals and 36 of birds were investigated to determine the tick prevalence and intensity of infestation. The study was conducted at the Esalq/USP in Piracicaba municipality, State of São Paulo. It was collected 52 mammals and 158 birds parasitized by 12,418 ticks. Adult ticks (N= 7,343 were found on capybaras, while the immature were mainly collected on small mammals and birds. The main hosts for immatures in descending order were opossums (69.1%, capybara (24.4% and black vultures (3.7%. Among the avifauna, the black

Sensitivity of winter phytoplankton communities from Andean lakes to artificial ultraviolet-B radiation Sensibilidad de comunidades fitoplanctónicas invernales de lagos andinos a la radiación ultravioleta-B artificial

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E. WALTER HELBLING

2001-06-01

Andinos con el objetivo de determinar la sensibilidad de comunidades fitoplanctónicas invernales a la radiación ultravioleta-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm. Los lagos estudiados, Moreno, El Trébol, Nahuel Huapi, Gutiérrez y Morenito, están ubicados la región Patagónica (41° S, 71° W, 800 m de altitud y tienen coeficientes de atenuación variables entre 0,36 m-1 (Lago Moreno y 2,8 m-1 (Lago Morenito. Las muestras se inocularon con carbono marcado (NaH14CO3 y se incubaron en una cámara iluminada (UV-B = 0,35 W m-2, UV-A [320-400 nm] = 1,1 W m-2, y PAR [400-700 nm] = 10,8 W m-2 a 10° C. El fitoplancton se expuso a PAR (radiación fotosintéticamente activa + radiación UV (tubos de cuarzo, y a PAR + UV-A (tubos de cuarzo recubiertos con Mylar-D. La duración total de los experimentos fue de 4 h y se retiraron dos muestras de cada tratamiento cada 1 h. En los Lagos Moreno, El Trébol, Nahuel Huapi y Gutiérrez la inhibición fotosintética aumentó en forma linear con la dosis de UV-B, mientras que en el Lago Morenito esta relación fue débil. Después de recibir una dosis de 1,25 kJ m-2 (UV-B, el fitoplancton del Lago Morenito tuvo la mayor inhibición fotosintética acumulada (44 %, mientras que en los Lagos Moreno, Trébol, Nahuel Huapi y Gutiérrez la inhibición fue de 22, 11, 5 y 1 %, respectivamente. Sin embargo, al final de la incubación, y luego de recibir una dosis de 5 kJ m-2, el fitoplancton más inhibido fue aquel del Lago Moreno (70 %, y el más resistente aquel del Lago Gutiérrez (27 %. La cinética de inhibición fue distinta para cada lago, registrándose una mayor velocidad en los lagos más transparentes y con mayor proporción de células grandes. Los resultados sugieren que, ante un aumento de UV-B (e.g., producto de una disminución de ozono estratosférico, el microplancton de lagos más claros será el más afectado mientras que el pico- y nanoplancton de lagos menos transparentes será el más resistente

Estudio florístico de los páramos de pajonal meridionales de Ecuador

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Jesús Izco

2013-04-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es un estudio de la flora de los páramos de pajonal seriales de distintos macizos montañosos de los Andes del Sur de Ecuador (provincias de Azuay y Loja comprendidos entre los 2850 m y 3635 m. Fueron identificadas 43 familias de plantas vasculares, 120 géneros y 216 especies. La flora local es comparada con la de otros páramos de pajonal andinos; la riqueza florística (géneros y especies es analizada por tramos altitudinales y se establece la flora característica de cada tramo del territorio estudiado. De forma complementaria, discutimos las influencias biogeográficas de la flora de los páramos de pajonal.

Nueva especie de (Sauria: Iguanidae Lagarto Collarejo de la zona sur andina de Colombia Nueva especie de (Sauria: Iguanidae Lagarto Collarejo de la zona sur andina de Colombia

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Castro Fernando

1982-04-01

Full Text Available Two species of the Andean lizard genus Stenocercus are reported from Colombia, in addition to the well-known S. trachycepbalus. The presence of Stenocercus guentheri, group lizards in the southern Departamento de Nariño is confirmed. A new species of Stenocercus is described from the immediate surroundings of the town of Bolivar, Departamento del Cauca.Se informa la presencia en Colombia de dos especies adicionales de lagartos del género andino Stenocercus, además de la especie bien conocida S. trachycephalus. Se confirma la presencia de poblaciones del grupo S. guentheri en el Departamento de Nariño. Se describe una especie nueva de Stenocercus de los alrededores del Municipio de Bolívar en el Departamento del Cauca.

Tourism in protected areas: Disentangling road and traffic effects on intra-guild scavenging processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Donázar, José Antonio; Ceballos, Olga; Cortés-Avizanda, Ainara

2018-07-15

The expansion of road networks and the increase in traffic have emerged in recent years as key threats to the conservation of biodiversity. This is particularly concerning in many protected areas because the increase of recreational activities requiring the use of vehicles. Effects of roads and traffic within guild scenarios and ecological processes remain however poorly known. Here we examined how road proximity and traffic intensity influence patterns of resource use in an Old-World avian scavenger guild living in a protected natural park in northern Spain. We experimentally placed 130 carcasses at different distances from a scenic road in the centre of the park. Vehicles were recorded by means of traffic counters which revealed that maximum numbers were reached during weekends and holidays and during the middle hours of the day. Avian scavenger attendance at carcasses was recorded by means of camera-traps. Obligated scavengers, Eurasian griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) were frequently observed (59.4% and 37.7% of the consumed carcasses) together with five other facultative scavenger species. We found that the richness (number of species) and the probability of consumption of the resource were reduced the smaller the distance to the road and in days with higher traffic intensity. The same factors affected the probability of presence of all the scavenger species. Moreover, some of them, notably griffon vultures, showed hourly patterns of carcass attendance suggesting avoidance of maximum traffic levels. Our results highlight that roads and traffic would trigger consequences on the structure and functioning of scavenger food webs, which may be particularly concerning in protected areas with remarkable levels of biodiversity. Future regulations at protected areas should couple both traffic and tourist affluence with wildlife conservation. In this way important ecological processes would be preserved while maintaining a good

Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gallego, Antonio-Roman Munoz; Lucas, Manuela De; Casado, Eva; Ferrer, Miguel

2011-07-01

Full text: To assess and monitor the impact of wind farms on fauna is crucial if we want to achieve ecologically sustainable development of this renewable energy resource. Today there are clear evidences that the probability of raptor collision depends critically on species behaviour and weather conditions, and the topographic factors related to each windmill. In our study area EIA were not able to predict this differential risk and in these circumstances mitigating the causes of bird mortality becomes a task of major importance, especially to those wind farms located in the Strait of Gibraltar, a water crossing of 14 km at its shortest distance acting as a major migration bottleneck for Paleo-African soaring migrants. We collected all available information on raptor collision from 1992, when the first wind farm was installed, and from 2005 until present a total of 262 turbines, grouped into 20 wind farms, were surveyed in a daily basis through a surveillance program with the main goal of register the actual mortality of birds. A total of 1291 raptors of 19 species were found of which 78.5% correspond to two species, the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) and the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). In order to mitigate the impact on raptors, and particularly on the griffon vulture, in 2007 a program based on selective stopping of turbines was imposed, in collaboration with the environmental competent authority, on new approved projects. During 2008 there was a reduction in mortality by 48%, which remained in 2009 with a remarkably lower economic cost. An analysis of the temporal collision patterns will be presented and discussed, with special attention to those species suffering higher mortality rate, and to those who have some degree of threat. (Author)

Using areas of known occupancy to identify sources of variation in detection probability of raptors: taking time lowers replication effort for surveys.

Science.gov (United States)

Murn, Campbell; Holloway, Graham J

2016-10-01

Species occurring at low density can be difficult to detect and if not properly accounted for, imperfect detection will lead to inaccurate estimates of occupancy. Understanding sources of variation in detection probability and how they can be managed is a key part of monitoring. We used sightings data of a low-density and elusive raptor (white-headed vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis ) in areas of known occupancy (breeding territories) in a likelihood-based modelling approach to calculate detection probability and the factors affecting it. Because occupancy was known a priori to be 100%, we fixed the model occupancy parameter to 1.0 and focused on identifying sources of variation in detection probability. Using detection histories from 359 territory visits, we assessed nine covariates in 29 candidate models. The model with the highest support indicated that observer speed during a survey, combined with temporal covariates such as time of year and length of time within a territory, had the highest influence on the detection probability. Averaged detection probability was 0.207 (s.e. 0.033) and based on this the mean number of visits required to determine within 95% confidence that white-headed vultures are absent from a breeding area is 13 (95% CI: 9-20). Topographical and habitat covariates contributed little to the best models and had little effect on detection probability. We highlight that low detection probabilities of some species means that emphasizing habitat covariates could lead to spurious results in occupancy models that do not also incorporate temporal components. While variation in detection probability is complex and influenced by effects at both temporal and spatial scales, temporal covariates can and should be controlled as part of robust survey methods. Our results emphasize the importance of accounting for detection probability in occupancy studies, particularly during presence/absence studies for species such as raptors that are widespread and

Food choice and diet of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1990-04-17

Apr 17, 1990 ... samples, forming at least 67% of the bones collected at ossuaries (Table 8) and .... for breaking, and these were mostly larger animals (e.g. horses and cattle). ..... NEWMAN, K.B. 1969. Some notes on the feeding habits of.

The creation of the SAVE consortium – Saving Asia's Vultures from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article describes the background to this problem, caused mainly by the veterinary drug diclofenac, and the establishment and structure of the SAVE consortium created to help coordinate the necessary conservation response. The lessons learnt in Asia and the working model of such a consortium are presented, which ...

The normal electrocardiogram of four species of conscious raptors.

Science.gov (United States)

Talavera, J; Guzmán, M J; del Palacio, M J Fernández; Albert, A P; Bayón, A

2008-02-01

The aim of this study was to describe normal ECG patterns and values in four species of conscious raptors (Eurasian kestrel, Griffon vulture, Little owl, and Eurasian Eagle owl). Electrocardiograms were carried out in 75 conscious birds belonging to four species of raptors. Lead II waveforms were analysed to determine amplitudes and durations of waves and intervals. Morphologic patterns of P-QRS-T deflections were analysed in the six limb leads. Rhythm, heart rate, mean electrical axis, presence of Ta wave, ST slurring, and P-on-T phenomenon were also studied. The influence of species, body weight and heart rate in electrocardiographic variables were statistically analysed (P raptors that can be used to establish comparisons for clinical purposes.

Megabenthic assemblages in the continental shelf edge and upper slope of the Menorca Channel, Western Mediterranean Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Grinyó, Jordi; Gori, Andrea; Greenacre, Michael; Requena, Susana; Canepa, Antonio; Lo Iacono, Claudio; Ambroso, Stefano; Purroy, Ariadna; Gili, Josep-Maria

2018-03-01

Highly diverse megabenthic assemblages dominated by passive and active suspension feeders have been recently reported in shelf edge environments of the Mediterranean Sea. Due to their frequent association with species of commercial interest, these assemblages have been heavily impacted by fishing. The vulnerability and low resilience of these assemblages, composed mainly by long-living and slow-growing species, have motivated the implementation of management measures such as the restriction of bottom trawling, and the establishment of large protected areas embracing these environments. The Menorca Channel is one of such areas recently included in the European Union Natura 2000 network. Quantitative analysis of video transects recorded at 95-360 m depth by manned submersible and remotely operated vehicles were used to characterize megabenthic assemblages and to assess their geographical and bathymetric distribution. Six different assemblages were identified, mainly segregated by substrate type and depth. Hard substrates hosted coral gardens and sponge grounds, whereas soft sediments were mainly characterized by large extensions of the crinoid Leptometra phalangium and the brachiopod Gryphus vitreus. The good preservation of most of the observed assemblages is probably related to a low bottom trawling pressure, which mainly concentrates deeper on the adjacent continental slope. Because of their biological and ecological value, management and conservation measures need to be established to preserve these benthic assemblages.

El sol de los venados. Un fenómeno universal, pero muy andino.

OpenAIRE

Rivas, Laura

2006-01-01

: Editorial: El emblemático número tres. Por: Ruiz Calderón, Humberto Especial Jóvenes, alcohol y ¿salud?. Venezuela, penoso liderazgo: consumo de licor y muertes en percances viales. Por: González, Silvia Lidia ¡Cuidado! ebrio al volante. Artículo Bebiendo el futuro. Por: Morales, Nelson Guía Web Sitios sobre alcoholismo en Internet. Historias El rostro más especial de Venezuela. Jacqueline Saburido. Por: González, Silvia Lidia Hora libre...

Efectos reglamentarios y jurisdiccionales del derecho comunitario Andino sobre el derecho administrativo colombiano

OpenAIRE

Montes Sarmiento, Maria Alejandra

2012-01-01

Este trabajo se soporta sobre una base conformada por dos conceptos, que constituyen el horizonte contextual de la investigación: Derecho Administrativo y Comunidad de integración. Es claro que al hablar de una Comunidad de integración específica como la Comunidad Andina (CAN), incide de forma directa en la actividad del derecho administrativo.Ha sido necesario que los países que conforman los grupos de integración económica cedan parte de sus competencias para crear un ordenamiento jurídico ...

Distribución de los subtipos del VIH-1 en nueve países de América del Sur, 1995-2002

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V. Alberto Laguna-Torres

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la distribución de los subtipos del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH-1 y las presencia de cepas recombinantes en Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela a través de estudios epidemiológicos y de genotipificación. Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyeron a los participantes de los protocolos realizados en los nueve paises, incluyendo poblaciones de trabajadoras sexuales (TS, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH, individuos VIH positivos, gestantes y paciente con tuberculosis (TB. Se utilizó la prueba de movilidad heteroduplex de envoltura (env HMA, ProRT, secuenciamiento completo o ambas para determinar los subtipos de VIH 1. Resultados: Se identificaron 3081 individuos positivos al VIH (de un total de 42 290 voluntarios, las prevalencias oscilaban entre menos de 1% a 29% según población estudiada, siendo mayor en los HSH. Un total de 1654 muestras (54% fueron genotipificadas. Se encontró el subtipo B en 1380 (83% muestras, el subtipo F en 218 (13%, así como los subtipos A y C en 0,1% y 0,4% respectivamente. Se hallaron subtipos recombinantes BF en 39 muestras (2% y formas recombinantes CRF01_AE(0,1%, CRF17_BF(0,4% y CRF02_AG(0,1%. En Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia y Chile (paises andinos predominó el subtipo B, mientras en Argentina, Uruguay y Paraguay hubo un alto porcentaje del subtipo F. Conclusiones: En la mayoría de países andinos la epidemia de VIH-1 se concentró en los HSH con un predominio del subtipo B. El subtipo F es más frecuente en las TS en Argentina y Uruguay. Esta información es útil para implementar planes de prevención y futuros ensayos de vacunas en esta región.

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SUBJETIVIDADES POLÍTICAS DE NIÑAS, NIÑOS Y JÓVENES, EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA EXPERIENCIA EDUCATIVA CAE, EN LOS ANDES CENTRALES DEL PERÚ:UN REFERENTE DE CONSTITUCIÓN SOCIOCULTURAL, SOCIOAMBIENTAL

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MARCO TULIO PEÑA

2013-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es producto de los desarrollos investigativos y reflexivos de la experiencia educativa “Construcción de subjetividades políticas de niñas, niños y jóvenes quechuahablantes, en el contexto de la experiencia ‘Comunidades Andinas Educativas’ en los Andes centrales del Perú: un referente de educación alternativa”. Desarrollada entre los años 2008-2009 y 2012, con la participación integral de los actores que formaron parte de esta investigación en el distrito de Pucará, provincia de Huancayo, departamento de Junín, Andes centrales del Perú. El trabajo se presentó como tesis de la Maestría en Desarrollo Educativo y Social en el Centro Internacional de Educación y Desarrollo Humano (Cinde y la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Bogotá, Colombia, 2013. Desde el contexto de recuperación de la experiencia educativa, se buscó significar conocimientos en torno a la construcción de subjetividades políticas de niñas, niños y jóvenes andinos considerando su universo sociocultural y socioambiental, diverso y particularizado de las comunidades andinas quechuas. La investigación se enmarcó en la modalidad de la sistematización de experiencias educativas mediante el establecimiento de unidades categoriales interpretativas devenidas de los hitos o momentos centrales, referidas a los procesos de formación y constitución de Asociaciones Educativas Infantiles (AEI y de interpretación, para este caso en la formación de habilidades interculturales y de sostenibilidad medioambiental. Dicho trabajo develó aportes significativos relacionados con la educación comunitaria y alternativa en el aporte a los procesos de motivación y construcción de subjetividades Políticas de niñas, niños y jóvenes andinos, desde contexto sociocultural y socioambiental particularizado y diverso del universo y cosmovisión andina.

José María Arguedas and knowing how to dance History

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Yazmín López Lenci

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El artículo indaga la propuesta narrativa del escritor, antropólogo y musicólogo latinoamericano, José María Arguedas, de ofrecer una historicidad alternativa construida sobre las dinámicas vitales movilizadas por los cuerpos, los saberes y subjetividades que a su vez, constituyen lugar y región en los Andes.  A partir del enfoque de las rebeliones indígenas del sur andino del Perú, se analizarán las relaciones entre música, danza y la construcción del sujeto político; su genealogía en la narrativa arguediana y las indagaciones que destacan no sólo las tensiones sino los encuentros posibles que reparan las hondas fracturas e interrupciones históricas.

Efecto tóxico de b-cipermetrina, deltametrina y fenitrotión en cepas de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811 y Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae

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Marlene Reyes

2007-01-01

Conclusión. En ninfas de primer estadio de T. dimidiata y T. maculata los insecticidas piretroides fueron mas efectivos; en ninfas de quinto estadio de T. dimidiata la efectividad de los piretroides del organofosforado fue diferente con las DL50; las ninfas de este estadio requirieron dosis altas comparadas con las utilizadas para otros triatominos, lo cual sugiere una baja susceptibilidad. La DL99 para el organofosforado fue significativamente menor, lo que podría indicar una mayor efectividad en campo. Es importante realizar estudios de efectos sinergistas para mostrar el posible rol de mecanismos bioquímicos que determine su tolerancia a los piretroides, esto representa un nuevo reto para las campañas de control en los países andinos y centroamericanos donde esta especie es endémica.

Nueva localidad para Alsodes tumultuosus Veloso, Iturra & Galleguillos, 1979 (Amphibia, Alsodidae en la Cordillera de los Andes, Region de O’Higgins, Chile

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Diego Ramírez Álvarez

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Alsodes tumultuosus Veloso, Iturra & Galleguillos, 1979 es un anfibio endémico de Chile, descrito y hasta hace poco conocido únicamente en su localidad tipo, los arroyos cordilleranos del Sector La Parva, en la región Metropolitana. En este artículo se detalla el hallazgo de una nueva localidad para esta especie, en la región de O’Higgins, aproximadamente a 100 kilómetros al sur de La Parva. Este hallazgo, sugiere la ampliación del rango de distribución de esta especie al cordón cordillerano Andino de la región de O’Higgins, y señala la necesidad de efectuar mayores prospecciones e investigación de la especie, que permitan definir claramente su estado de conservación en Chile.

Compensaciones económicas ante conflictos de uso del suelo

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Polanco Jorge Andrés

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Existen conflictos de uso del suelo que pretenden ser atenuados con compensaciones económicas. En este trabajo se estiman los conflictos existentes en el Sistema de Páramos Alto-Andinos de Antioquia, comparando las restricciones al uso del suelo con la dinámica de la frontera agropecuaria. Las compensaciones se calculan en función de la renta de la tierra y se evalúa su financiación con recursos públicos y privados considerando las inversiones municipales y la solvencia del sector productivo. Los resultados muestran que los conflictos son mayores donde la frontera es activa. Las compensaciones logran ser asumidas por los municipios pequeños con tierras poco rentables, mientras que los grupos económicos pueden financiarlas dependiendo de la gobernanza.

Los hongos de Colombia – VIII Some new species of Soil Fungi from Colombia Los hongos de Colombia – VIII Some new species of Soil Fungi from Colombia

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Veerkamp John

1983-09-01

Full Text Available Three new Colombian microfungi are described. Trichoderma inhamatum Veerkamp & W. Gams and Rhinocladiella phaeophora Veerkamp & W. Gams were isolated from a maizefield soil near Acacías, Dep. Meta, at 500 m alt.; Mortierella ornata W. Gams was isolated from a soil sample from mountain forest, Parque Nacional del Puracé, Cauca-Huila, at 3.100 m alt.Tres nuevos hongos colombianos son descritos: Trichoderma inhamatum Veerkamp & W. Gams y Rhinocladiella phaeophora Veerkamp & W. Gams fueron aislados de una muestra de suelo agrario (campo de maíz vecino de Acacías, Dep. del Meta, a 500 m de altitud; Mortierella ornata W. Gams fue aislada de una muestra de suelo de bosque andino, Parque Nacional delPuracé, Cauca-Huila, a 3.100 m de altitud.

De Santos y Huacas

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María Augusta Vintimilla C.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Los relatos de Gregorio Condori Mamani son el testimonio de una existencia que transcurre entre los márgenes de una modernidad racista y excluyente, y la persistencia de una memoria que continúa activa contribuyendo a dar sentido a la vida de amplios grupos humanos en los países andinos, a partir de una reinterpretación simbólica de sus vínculos con la tierra, con la comunidad y aún con el espacio nacional. Como relato de frontera, el testimonio de Condori re-articula los discursos que provienen de su experiencia en la ciudad moderna con los que fluyen desde las tradiciones culturales andinas, una de cuyas expresiones es la hibridación del cristianismo y la religiosidad indígena, como forma de reinvención de las identidades comunitarias.

Aves de Caldas: la complejidad cotidiana entre la sobrevivencia y la belleza

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Natalia Ruíz Rodgers

2016-12-01

En la región andina central de Colombia, la belleza resulta aún más difícil de analizar debido a que es una región muy heterogénea, con una variación altitudinal amplia, una topografía desigual, condiciones climáticas y edafológicas diversas, diferentes formaciones vegetales (bosque andino, bosque de niebla, páramos, nieves perpetuas y zonas productivas (cafetales, guaduales, ganadería, cultivos de papa, frutales, minería, etc.. Toda esta heterogeneidad produce una gran riqueza de especies, solo Caldas acoge el cuarenta y ocho por ciento de las aves que se encuentran en el país. Esta riqueza se representa además en la importancia que tienen las aves gracias a sus múltiples interacciones, su efecto en el ecosistema y sus diferentes estrategias evolutivas.

Composición química de “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Formulación de una mezcla base para productos alimenticios

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María Elena León Marroú

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo formular una mezcla base a partir de cultivos nativos, la cual una vez estandarizada, se constituye en materia prima de alto valor nutricional para su utilización en la elaboración de productos alimenticios como: purés, papillas y productos de panificación, entre otros. Se seleccionaron tres cultivos andinos: un tubérculo, “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa; una raíz, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y una leguminosa, ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Se realizaron por triplicado análisis bromatológicos, de minerales y vitaminas. Se formularon 8 mezclas bases a diferentes proporciones de cultivos nativos. Se seleccionó la mezcla base identificada como M7 en proporción 1:1:2 (oca:arracacha:tarwi por presentar mayor valor nutricional.

Composición química de “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Formulación de una mezcla base para productos alimenticios

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Sandra Elizabeth Pagador Flores

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo formular una mezcla base a partir de cultivos nativos, la cual una vez estandarizada, se constituye en materia prima de alto valor nutricional para su utilización en la elaboración de productos alimenticios como: purés, papillas y productos de panificación, entre otros. Se seleccionaron tres cultivos andinos: un tubérculo, “oca” (Oxalis tuberosa; una raíz, ‘arracacha’ (Arracaccia xanthorriza y una leguminosa, ‘tarwi’ (Lupinus mutabilis. Se realizaron por triplicado análisis bromatológicos, de minerales y vitaminas. Se formularon 8 mezclas bases a diferentes proporciones de cultivos nativos. Se seleccionó la mezcla base identificada como M7 en proporción 1:1:2 (oca:arracacha:tarwi por presentar mayor valor nutricional.

Rethinking the recent past: Policies of the difference and interculturality

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Fernando Garcés V.

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Desde la década del noventa del siglo pasado se hicieron explícitas unas políticas de la diferencia en los espacios estatales bolivianos (Postero, 2005;Paz, 2005a, 2006.1 Cuando hablamos de políticas de la diferencia nos referimos a la implementación de mecanismos de reconocimiento y tolerancia de la diversidad, cada vez más frecuentes al interior de los Estados del ámbito andino. Estos mecanismos de reconocimiento y tolerancia de la diversidad pueden esconder sutiles mecanismos de dominación bajo un discurso y unas prácticas incorporadoras y asimiladoras de lo diverso en el aparato estatal y en los circuitos de acumulación del capital.2 Se trata de unas políticas que pueden ser encontradas no sólo en declaraciones

Bosques andinos del sur de Ecuador, clasificación, regeneración y uso

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Rainer W. Bussmann

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Existen muy pocos inventarios y descripciones sintaxonómicas de la vegetación de bosques montanos tropicales. Este trabajo presenta datos sobre los bosques del sur de Ecuador localizados en la Reserva Biológica San Francisco, límite norte del Parque Nacional Podocarpus. Se propone la siguiente clasificación junto con notas sobre los factores edáficos que contribuyen a su establecimiento. El «Bosque Montano Bajo» (1800-2150 m, formando el orden Alzateetalia verticillatae, muestra 2-3 estratos arbóreos muy diversos, con árboles de 20-35 m de altura, y es una clímax mosaico típico. Creciendo sobre Terric Haplosaprists y Aquic Dystrupepts, originado del material de derrumbes viejos, este tipo de bosque se extiende hasta los 2300 m sobre el nivel del mar en quebradas protegidas de viento. A altitudes de 2100-2650 m (menos de 2750 m la estructura del bosque y la composición florística cambia totalmente. Esta vegetación, el «Bosque Montano Alto» forma el orden de Purdiaeaetalia nutantis y crece sobre Histic Petraquepts. Representando una vegetación monotípica con un solo estrato arbóreo de 5-10 m (–15 m de altura, completamente dominado por Purdiaea nutans (Cyrillaceae. El bosque ubicado a mayor altitud en el área, densamente enlazado con el páramo es el «Bosque Nublado Subalpino». Descritos como Clusio ellipticae-Weinmannietum cochensis aparecen más como una vegetación arbustiva casi impenetrable, y crecen sobre Humaquic Epiaquents. El límite del bosque es causado principalmente por los vientos fuertes de la región. Derrumbes e incendios naturales representan el «motor» de regeneración de los bosques. Se encontró carbón en la base de los niveles A de muchos perfiles de suelo. El análisis 14C precisó una edad de 710-980 ±50 años antes del presente. Esto indica que fuegos en la vegetación han contribuido a la dinámica de esta vegetación en el pasado y no es un fenómeno reciente. El diámetro basal de los árboles y el volumen total de madera por hectárea disminuyen rápidamente con la altitud a partir de los 2100 m y no pueden ser eficazmente utilizados para una explotación de madera sostenible.

Efectos negativos de las plantas exóticas maderables sobre el bosque nativo andino

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Fidel Antonio Gutiérrez

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Los abusos que el hombre ha cometido con la naturaleza han provocado que muchas áreas, que debían ser santuarios vegetales, padezcan el deterioro del bosque nativo, con el consiguiente daño ambiental, hídrico, de flora y fauna. No escapa a ello la Escuela Nacional de Carabineros, pues su cerro tutelar fue sometido a una plantación de árboles exóticos maderables, con la consabida tala del bosque nativo. Los daños en dicho cerro han provocado la implementación de una reforestación técnica, que permita devolver la dinámica propia a la vegetación nativa, lo cual debe dar como resultado un Plan Estratégico de Manejo Ambiental, para futuras aplicaciones.

Mirando a la Pachamama: globalización y territorio en el Tarapacá andino

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Sergio Gonzu00E1lez Miranda

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la distancia cultural entre las poblaciones indígenas y la sociedad occidental desde la Colonia hasta nuestros días a través del concepto tiempo y espacio (devenir y territorio, empleando el concepto agua como un elemento vital y ritual. Se analizan las oportunidades y los riesgos que les plantea la globalización a las comunidades andinas, ofreciendo una propuesta, basada en la teoría de Sergio Boisier, que podría resolver el dilema entre globalización y desarrollo endógeno en la sociedad indígena. Se señala la importancia de la nueva geografía cultural, como disciplina, para entender la importancia del territorio en sociedades y culturas no occidentales como la andina.

Una nueva especie ecuatoriana del género de peces andinos Grundulus (Characiformes: Characidae

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César Román-Valencia

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Se describe Grundulus quitoensis nueva especie (Characiformes, Characidae proveniente de las Lagunas El Voladero reserva biológica El Angel al norte de Ecuador. El nuevo taxon se distingue de las demás especies por el menor número de radios simples en la aleta anal (tres vs. cuatro a cinco y en las aletas pectorales (uno vs. dos a tres, por el mayor número de dientes en cada dentario (12- 14 vs. 8-10, perfil ventral posterior a la cintura pectoral hasta el origen de la aleta anal plano (vs. curvo, el segundo infraorbital es tres veces más grande que el primero (vs. dos veces más grande, el tercer infraorbital está separado del preopérculo (vs. en contacto con la superficie del preopérculo, dentario presenta cuatro pequeñas fenestras en el margen infero-lateral (vs. uno a dos, el premaxilar presenta un proceso lateral largo (vs. corto, maxilar con dos muescas en la superficie infero-lateral (vs. maxilar con una muesca en la superficie inferolateral.A new Ecuadorian species of the Andean fish genus Grundulus (Characiformes: Characidae. The new species Grundulus quitoensis is described from El Voladero Lake, El Angel Biological Reserve, Northern Ecuador. The new taxon can be distinguished from all congeners by the following characters, respectively: a low number of unbranched rays in the anal fin (three vs. four-five and in pectoral fins (on vs. two - three, a higher number of dentary teeth (12-14 vs. 8-10, a second infraorbital about three times larger than the first (vs. about two times larger, a third infraorbital which is not in contact with the preopercle (vs. in contact with preopercle, the presence of four small fenestrae in the infero-lateral bone dentary (vs. one - two; and a premaxilla which presents a long lateral process (vs. short, a maxilla with two notches in the infero-lateral surface (vs. one notch in the infero-lateral surface. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(3-4: 537-544. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

Mariátegui entre dois mundos: Visões do comunitarismo indígena andino

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Cristhian Teófilo da Silva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo  Este artigo visa demonstrar que a presença da herança andina no projeto de socialismo “indo-americano” de Mariátegui gerou uma tensão epistemológica original e crítica do pensamento social marxista na América Latina. A partir desta releitura da perspectiva mariateguiana apoiada em duas vertentes, indigenista peruana e marxista europeia, o presente artigo afirma a importância dos estudos sobre o indigenismo para a compreensão dos limites do socialismo de orientação marxista no Peru. O artigo será concluído ressaltando a importância do socialismo indo-americano de Mariátegui para a “descoberta” da constituição híbrida do modo de produção peruano.  Palavras-chave  Indigenismo; marxismo; Peru; José Carlos Mariátegui  --- Resumen  Este artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que la presencia de la herencia andina en el diseño del socialismo "indoamericano" de Mariátegui ha generado una crítica epistemológica original del pensamiento social marxista en América Latina. De este recuento la perspectiva de Mariátegui apoyada en dos frentes, indigenista peruana y marxista europea, este artículo defiende la importancia de los estudios sobre el indigenismo para la comprensión de los límites del socialismo marxista en el Perú. El artículo concluirá destacando la importancia del socialismo indo-americano de Mariátegui en el "descubrimiento" de la constitución híbrida del modo de producción peruana.  Palabras clave  Indigenismo; marxismo; Perú; José Carlos Mariátegui --- Abstract This article aims to demonstrate that the presence of the Andean heritage in Mariátegui's "Indo-American" socialist project generated a new and critical epistemological tension of the Marxist social thinking in Latin America. From this mariateguian retelling, which is established in two ways, Peruvian indigenous and European Marxist, this article maintains the importance of studies on the indigenous movement to understand the boundaries of Marxist socialism in Peru. The text highlights the importance of Mariátegui's Indo-American socialism in the "discovery" of the hybrid constitution of the Peruvian way of production. Keywords indigenism; Marxism; Peru; José Carlos Mariátegui ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ERRATA Onde se lê na página 141, v.8, n. 2 (2014: Esse aspecto é precisamente o cerne das polêmicas que surgiram em torno de suas idéias, que culminaram em desavenças com a III Internacional Comunista, em Montevidéu (maio de 1929. Lê-se: Esse aspecto é precisamente o cerne das polêmicas que surgiram em torno de suas idéias, que culminaram em controvérsias na primeira conferência comunista latino-americana, em Buenos Aires (junho de 1929.   ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Scavengers on the move: behavioural changes in foraging search patterns during the annual cycle.

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Pascual López-López

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Optimal foraging theory predicts that animals will tend to maximize foraging success by optimizing search strategies. However, how organisms detect sparsely distributed food resources remains an open question. When targets are sparse and unpredictably distributed, a Lévy strategy should maximize foraging success. By contrast, when resources are abundant and regularly distributed, simple brownian random movement should be sufficient. Although very different groups of organisms exhibit Lévy motion, the shift from a Lévy to a brownian search strategy has been suggested to depend on internal and external factors such as sex, prey density, or environmental context. However, animal response at the individual level has received little attention. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used GPS satellite-telemetry data of Egyptian vultures Neophron percnopterus to examine movement patterns at the individual level during consecutive years, with particular interest in the variations in foraging search patterns during the different periods of the annual cycle (i.e. breeding vs. non-breeding. Our results show that vultures followed a brownian search strategy in their wintering sojourn in Africa, whereas they exhibited a more complex foraging search pattern at breeding grounds in Europe, including Lévy motion. Interestingly, our results showed that individuals shifted between search strategies within the same period of the annual cycle in successive years. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Results could be primarily explained by the different environmental conditions in which foraging activities occur. However, the high degree of behavioural flexibility exhibited during the breeding period in contrast to the non-breeding period is challenging, suggesting that not only environmental conditions explain individuals' behaviour but also individuals' cognitive abilities (e.g., memory effects could play an important role. Our results support the growing

Seropositivity and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds from Spain.

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Oscar Cabezón

Full Text Available Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution that infects many species of warm-blooded animals, including birds. To date, there is scant information about the seropositivity of T. gondii and the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in wild bird populations. In the present study, T. gondii infection was evaluated on sera obtained from 1079 wild birds belonging to 56 species (including Falconiformes (n=610, Strigiformes (n=260, Ciconiiformes (n=156, Gruiformes (n=21, and other orders (n=32, from different areas of Spain. Antibodies to T. gondii (modified agglutination test, MAT titer ≥1:25 were found in 282 (26.1%, IC(95%:23.5-28.7 of the 1079 birds. This study constitute the first extensive survey in wild birds species in Spain and reports for the first time T. gondii antibodies in the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus, short-toed snake-eagle (Circaetus gallicus, Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata, golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus, osprey (Pandion haliaetus, Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus, Western marsh-harrier (Circus aeruginosus, peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus, long-eared owl (Asio otus, common scops owl (Otus scops, Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia, white stork (Ciconia ciconia, grey heron (Ardea cinerea, common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus; in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN "vulnerable" Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti, lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni and great bustard (Otis tarda; and in the IUCN "near threatened" red kite (Milvus milvus. The highest seropositivity by species was observed in the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo (68.1%, 98 of 144. The main risk factors associated with T. gondii seropositivity in wild birds were age and diet, with the highest exposure in older animals and in carnivorous wild birds. The results showed that T. gondii infection is widespread and can be at a high level in many wild

Culture- and molecular-based detection of swine-adapted Salmonella shed by avian scavengers.

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Blanco, Guillermo; Díaz de Tuesta, Juan A

2018-04-13

Salmonella can play an important role as a disease agent in wildlife, which can then act as carriers and reservoirs of sanitary importance at the livestock-human interface. Transmission from livestock to avian scavengers can occur when these species consume contaminated carcasses and meat remains in supplementary feeding stations and rubbish dumps. We compared the performance of PCR-based detection with conventional culture-based methods to detect Salmonella in the faeces of red kites (Milvus milvus) and griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) in central Spain. The occurrence of culturable Salmonella was intermediate in red kites (1.9%, n=52) and high in griffon vultures (26.3%, n=99). These proportions were clearly higher with PCR-based detection (13.5% and 40.4%, respectively). Confirmation cultures failed to grow Salmonella in all faecal samples positive by the molecular assay but negative by the initial conventional culture in both scavenger species, indicating the occurrence of false (non-culturable) positives by PCR-based detection. This suggests that the molecular assay is highly sensitive to detecting viable Salmonella in cultures, but also partial genomes and dead or unviable bacteria from past infections or contamination. Thus, the actual occurrence of Salmonella in a particular sampling time period can be underestimated when using only culture detection. The serovars found in the scavenger faeces were among the most frequently isolated in pigs from Spain and other EU countries, especially those generally recognized as swine-adapted monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium. Because the studied species obtain much of their food from pig carcasses, this livestock may be the primary source of Salmonella via direct ingestion of infected carcasses and indirectly via contamination due to the unsanitary conditions found in supplementary feeding stations established for scavenger conservation. Combining culture- and molecular-based detection is encouraged to understand the

Consumption of Big Game Remains by Scavengers: A Potential Risk as Regards Disease Transmission in Central Spain

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Ricardo Carrasco-Garcia

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Understanding the role that facultative scavenger species may play in spreading infectious pathogens, and even becoming reservoirs for humans, domestic and wild ungulates or, on the contrary, preventing the spread of disease, requires a prior understanding of the pattern of carrion scavenging in specific scenarios. The objectives of this paper are (i to describe the guild of vertebrate scavengers and (ii to study the species-specific, habitat, and management-related factors involved in the usage of gut piles in South Central Spain (SCS, a tuberculosis (TB endemic area. We used camera trapping at 18 hunting piles on seven hunting estates. A total of eight bird and five mammal taxa were detected at the remains of hunting piles. The most frequently detected species in terms of number of gut piles visited (78% and scavenged (61% was the red fox Vulpes vulpes, followed by the griffon vulture Gyps fulvus (56% as regards both presence and scavenging and the raven Corvus corax (61 and 39% as regards presence and scavenging, respectively. We evidenced that griffon vultures accounted for most of the scavenging activity in open habitats, while facultative mammal scavengers, red fox, and wild boar Sus scrofa made the highest contribution to scavenging in vegetation-covered habitats. In the case of wild boar, the gut piles deposited during the evening and night favored higher rates of scavenging, while the opposite pattern was observed for griffons. Overall, our findings suggest that when disposing of hunting remains in areas of risk as regards disease transmission it is particularly important to consider the access that facultative mammals, and especially wild boar, have to material, while the presence of the resource needs to be safeguarded to protect specialist scavengers of conservation value. These results are of particular relevance in the case of wild boar in the current context of re-emerging TB and emerging African swine fever (ASF in Europe.

Seasonal and circadian biases in bird tracking with solar GPS-tags.

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Rafa Silva

Full Text Available Global Positioning System (GPS tags are nowadays widely used in wildlife tracking. This geolocation technique can suffer from fix loss biases due to poor satellite GPS geometry, that result in tracking data gaps leading to wrong research conclusions. In addition, new solar-powered GPS tags deployed on birds can suffer from a new "battery drain bias" currently ignored in movement ecology analyses. We use a GPS tracking dataset of bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus, tracked for several years with solar GPS tags, to evaluate the causes and triggers of fix and data retrieval loss biases. We compare two models of solar GPS tags using different data retrieval systems (Argos vs GSM-GPRS, and programmed with different duty cycles. Neither of the models was able to accomplish the duty cycle programed initially. Fix and data retrieval loss rates were always greater than expected, and showed non-random gaps in GPS locations. Number of fixes per month of tracking was a bad criterion to identify tags with smaller biases. Fix-loss rates were four times higher due to battery drain than due to poor GPS satellite geometry. Both tag models were biased due to the uneven solar energy available for the recharge of the tag throughout the annual cycle, resulting in greater fix-loss rates in winter compared to summer. In addition, we suggest that the bias found along the diurnal cycle is linked to a complex three-factor interaction of bird flight behavior, topography and fix interval. More fixes were lost when vultures were perching compared to flying, in rugged versus flat topography. But long fix-intervals caused greater loss of fixes in dynamic (flying versus static situations (perching. To conclude, we emphasize the importance of evaluating fix-loss bias in current tracking projects, and deploying GPS tags that allow remote duty cycle updates so that the most appropriate fix and data retrieval intervals can be selected.

Landscape structure and live fences in Andes Colombian agrosystems: upper basin of the Cane-Iguaque River.

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Otero, Javier; Onaindia, Miren

2009-12-01

Changes in land use have generated a new landscape configuration in the Andino orobiome (mountain range) of the tropical Andes, resulting in a mosaic of cultivation and pastures interrupted by small fragments of forest and live fences. This has resulted in an ongoing decrease in the biodiversity of this biome. In the upper basin of the Cane-Iguaque River (Villa de Levya-Boyacá, Colombia), located 2,600-3,000 m above the Cordillera Oriental, over three time periods in 1960, 1984, and 2004, we characterized the structure, patterns, and evolution of the overall landscape and of the live fences (used as tools in biodiversity conservation and considered to be desirable alternatives to nonlive fences in farming production systems) within an agricultural landscape. To do this, we interpreted high-resolution satellite images using a landscape ecology approach and applied landscape map metrics. We found that the natural forests have been transformed by pastures and cultivation, and that although live fences cover only a small portion of the total landscape (4.6%), they have an important effect on landscape structure and biodiversity. There has been an increase in live fences, especially between 1960 and 1984, as well as an increase in their density. However, there has been a reduction in the average length of live fences over the periods that we studied. This could be due in part to changes in the types of agricultural products that have been cultivated in recent years, with an increase in potatoes and a decrease in other vegetables, and also by resource extraction of timber and fuel wood. In the studied area, agricultural production was sustained while biodiversity conservation was improved by the use of live fences. Therefore, live fences should be considered not only as part of an agriculturally productive area, but also as an important element of a multi-functional landscape that contributes to the maintenance of biodiversity and provides resources of economic and

El léxico de parentesco quechua según Juan Pérez Bocanegra (Cuzco, siglo XVII

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Raúl Bendezú-Araujo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available ResumenEn el marco de los estudios andinos coloniales, la figura de Juan Pérez Bocanegra, párroco de Andahuaylillas (Cuzco, goza de gran prestigio y su obra es frecuentemente citada como una fuente muy digna de crédito. El aporte más significativo de este clérigo a nuestro conocimiento del pasado andino lo constituye, muy probablemente, su detallada descripción del sistema de parentesco quechua. Ahora bien, sin intentar desmerecer el valor general de la obra de Pérez Bocanegra, la presente nota busca ofrecer una perspectiva lingüístico-filológica de los datos que esta presenta respectodel léxico de parentesco del quechua de inicios del siglo XVII. En ese sentido, intentaremos fundamentar la hipótesis de que, en relación con este aspecto particular, los datos de Pérez Bocanegra no son del todo fiables, pues obedecen a un proyecto evangelizador particular, que deja rastros en la selección y presentación de los lexemas que componen el campo léxico en cuestión.Palabras clave: filología andina, términos de parentesco, Juan Pérez Bocanegra, quechua colonial AbstractWithin the framework of colonial Andean studies, the image of Juan Perez Bocanegra, parish priest of Andahuaylillas (Cuzco, is highly regarded, and his work is often cited as a very reliable source. The most significant contribution of this cleric to our knowledge of the Andean past lies in its detailed description of the Quechua kinship system. However, without trying dismiss the overall value of the work of Pérez Bocanegra, this article seeks to provide a linguistic-philological perspective of the data he provides regarding the Quechua kinship lexicon from the early seventeenth century. In this respect, I will try to support the hypothesis that, on this particular aspect, this author’s data is not entirely reliable, for it obeys a particular evangelizer project that leaves traces in the selection and presentation of the lexemes that compose the lexical field in

EL CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL Y SUS MANIFESTACIONES EN LA CRIÓSFERA DE LAS ALTAS MONTAÑAS DEL NORTE ARGENTINO.

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Ana Lía Ahumada

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Los efectos de el Cambio Climático Global afectan fuertemente los parámetros físicos que condicionan la estabilidad de la Criósfera del planeta. Las temperaturas del siglo XX se han incrementado en la Cordillera de los Andes en 0,62o C entre 1901-1997, incrementándose en 0,4o C por encima de lo esperado durante los 90 por efecto del Calentamiento Global. Por otro lado recientes evaluaciones de los glaciares de los Andes Centrales prevén una desaparición del 80% de los mismos en los próximos 15 años. La Criósfera se encuentra representada en las altas montañas del NW argentino por la presencia de permafrost de montaña, el que se manifiesta topoclimáticamente en el paisaje con glaciares de escombros y una asociación de geoformas menores generadas por el congelamiento permanente o estacional de los suelos. Los glaciares de escombros activos, indicadores de permafrost discontínuo, se encuentran ubicados de S a N en alturas desde 4000 a 4850 m s.n.m. en la región. Sus condiciones de estabilidad geoecológica son resilientes debido a las modificaciones de la temperatura en altura. Se han observado geoindicadores criosféricos de cambio climático global que pueden ser usados para el monitoreo y seguimiento de cambios geológicos en la región del NW de Argentina con permafrost andino. Se describen brevemente ejemplos de indicadores criosféricos. Los mismos pueden ser usados para el monitoreo y seguimiento de cambios geológicos en la región del NW de Argentina con permafrost andino. Como resultado del Calentamiento Global el hielo contenido en glaciares de escombros se está descongelando. Esto puede resultar en deslizamientos catastróficos, endicamientos y aluvionamientos en el curso de los ríos de montaña que provocan desastres significativos en las regiones pobladas de la zona de trabajo y el daño consecuente en la infraestructura vial y en instalaciones de energía eléctrica de costosa recuperación

Integración oficial y pirata

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Gino Lofredo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Contrario a lo que afirman muchos analistas respecto a que no existen proyectos de integración latinoamericana, el autor dice que existe una integración oficial, en América del Norte: Canadá, Estados Unidos y México, quienes coquetean con la creación del proyecto de zona libre de comercio que cuenta con el apoyo de la élites políticas y económicas. Igual en El Caribe hay media docena de acuerdos integracionistas, más el Pacto Andino en América del Sur combatido por Washington. La otra es la integración pirata, espectacular,el contrabando de mercancías, personal y capital todas actividades están fuera de la ley, . Nos referimos al contrabando de mercancías, personal y capital. Los medios de comunicación deben hacerla conocer.

A new species of Silvinichthys (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) lacking pelvic fins from mid-elevation localities of the southern Andes, with comments on the genus.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández, L; Sanabria, E A; Quiroga, L B; Vari, R P

2014-02-01

Silvinichthys huachi new species, is described from a stream along the lower slope of the Andean Cordillera in the Provincia de San Juan, Argentina. It shares the distinctive modifications characteristic of Silvinichthys, but is distinguished from the four previously described congeners by the combination of a lack of the pelvic fin and the pelvic girdle, details of pigmentation and various meristic and morphometric features. Silvinichthys huachi is apparently endemic to the type locality situated within an arid region of western central Argentina in the Andino Cuyana Province. Major gaps in the range of species of Silvinichthys may indicate that the origin of the genus predates the uplift events that subdivided drainages along the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera in west central Argentina. Silvinichthys huachi is hypothesized to be the sister species of Silvinichthys bortayro. © 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

La globalización de la Amazonía: una perspectiva andina

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Fontaine , Guillaume

2006-05-01

Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos el contexto histórico, social, político y económico que enmarca a la cuenca amazónica contemporánea, desde la perspectiva de los países andinos. En la introducción recordamos algunos datos básicos sobre la situación geográfica y demográfica de la región. Luego presentamos las principales etapas de la ocupación humana del espacio amazónico, desde la Conquista hasta la irrupción del capitalismo. Dedicamos la segunda parte a la internacionalización de la agenda amazónica, en particular a través de la conservación del medio ambiente y de la cooperación. Concluimos con un breve comentario sobre el papel de los actores sociales en el futuro de la región.

Mujeres latinoamericanas inmigrantes jefas de hogares monoparentales en España

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Rosalina ALCALDE CAMPOS

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La monoparentalidad en la inmigración es un fenómeno poco explorado en Espa- ña, a pesar de la frecuencia con que estas formas de hogar se presentan entre las mujeres migrantes, especialmente latinoamericanas que se instalan en este país. Pobreza y monoparentalidad son dos elementos que a menudo aparecen adyacen- tes en sus trayectorias migratorias. En este artículo se analizará la incidencia de la monoparentalidad entre las mujeres migrantes procedentes de países latinoame- ricanos –esencialmente andinos y caribeños– residentes en España, y a la vez se indagará sobre las vías de entrada en la monoparentalidad y las condiciones de vida de estas familias. Se demostrará que la migración en la monoparentalidad presenta diferentes perfiles en relación con las causas que originan el proyecto migratorio.

VULtURe snIPPets FRoM ARoUnD tHe WoRLD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-05-03

May 3, 2007 ... species. The government has now modified the mad cow rules, adopting a decree allowing farmers ..... Endangered California Condors Gymnogyps californianus in ... Tree Condor Conservation Act and again putting our state ...

High altitude and hemoglobin function in the vultures Gyps rueppelli and Aegypius monachus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Weber, Roy E.; Hiebl, Inge; Braunitzer, Gerhard

1988-01-01

Functional characteristics of the stripped composite hemoglobins (Hbs) of lhevultures Gyps rueppellii and Aegypills monachus that can fly at extremely high altitudes, and of component Hbs of G. rueppellii are reported, in relation to influences of pH, temperalure and inositol hexaphosphate. G...... structures of the constituent polypeptide chains to trace molecular adaptations to high-altitude respiration, and to physiological factors (pulmonary hypoxia and hypocapnia, body temperature shifts, and lung and nasal gas and heat exchange) to discern their possible survival value at altitudes of 11300 m....

VULtURe snIPPets FRoM ARoUnD tHe WoRLD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2007-05-03

May 3, 2007 ... protect this incredible bird,” said Nava. AB. 821, the Ridley-Tree Condor Preservation. Act, will remove the number one threat to the survival of the endangered California. Condor, lead ammunition, by having hunters switch to a widely available, non- lead ammunition alternative when they hunt big game ...

Buen Vivir Andino: Resistência e/ou alternativa ao modelo hegemônico de desenvolvimento

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Klaus Pereira da Silva

Full Text Available Resumo Este ensaio teórico problematiza a ética do Buen Vivir como forma de resistência e/ou alternativa ao modelo hegemônico de desenvolvimento que tem sido disseminado e implementado por organizações internacionais e corporações. Após a declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os direitos indígenas, em 2007 (MAMANI, 2010, o Buen Vivir alcançou status oficial nas Constituições do Equador e da Bolívia. O Buen Vivir é uma visão de mundo distinta da ordem internacional liberal institucionalizada no pós-II Guerra Mundial; fundamenta-se nas noções de cosmovisão relacional e pluriverso (ESCOBAR, 2011, multiverso (MAMANI, 2010 ou ecosofia andina (ESTERMANN, 2013, enunciados no Sul e subalternizados por mais de cinco séculos de colonialidade. Com base nestas noções, o ensaio enfatiza a importância de repensar, segundo uma abordagem decolonial, o papel desempenhado pelos Estados e organizações governamentais internacionais no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento local. A análise crítica da literatura sugere a existência de múltiplas visões acerca do desenvolvimento que devem ser debatidas no âmbito de estudos organizacionais.

In vitro mutagenesis of red ginger (Alpinia purpurata)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lamseejan, S.; Ubonprasert, B.; Kareeros, P.; Pungkan, V.

1996-01-01

Gamma rays and in vitro culture techniques were used for mutation induction experiment in red ginger. Shoot clusters of red ginger were treated with gamma rays at 0, 30, 50, 70 and 90 Gy. Treated shoots were then isolated and transferred individually to fresh medium. L D 50 was calculated based on a number of surviving plants in each treatment at 30 days after irradiation. L D 50 for in vitro vulture of red ginger was approximately 20 Gy. In an attempt to isolate mutants by sub culturing 3 times at 1 month interval, two mutants were isolated. One mutant has a normal growth with numerous white streaks on green leaves. The other mutant has darkly wrinkled leaves with abnormal plant type. These mutants were both isolated from in vitro culture of red ginger treated with 10 Gy of gamma rays

Distribución y ecología de Vesicarex collumanthus Steyermark (Cyperaceae

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Antoine M. Cleef

1982-01-01

Full Text Available Desde la descripción original de Vesicarex collumanthus por Steyermark (1951, genero nuevo encontrado en el Paramo de Tama en la parte venezolana de la Cordillera Oriental, no se conoee publicaciones posteriores sobre esta diminuta Ciperacea, Vesicarex es un genero monotipico de los páramos del trópico andino. Fitogeogrilficamente, Vesicarex pertenece al elemento endémico O "Paramo element" de la flora vascular paramuna (Cleef, 1979. Aunque la plantica es bastante inconspicua, hoy día disponemos de suficientes colecciones y observaciones de campo, para la siguiente presentación de datos de distribución y ecología. La forma de vida y aspectos fonológicos, anatómicos y sistemáticos de Vesicarex son tratados por el Dr. Luis Eduardo Mora-Osejo, en artículo separado que aparece publicado en esta primera entrega de "Acta Biológica Colombiana".

Sobre a origem e dispersão das leishmanioses cutânea e mucosa com base em fontes históricas pré e pós-colombianas

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Altamirano-Enciso Alfredo J.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de quatro fontes do século XVI, são relatadas algumas ocorrências sugestivas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA no território andino. A reinterpretação dessas fontes permite enfocar o velho tema da origem da espundia ou leishmaniose de forma mucosa (LM. O artigo reforça a hipótese de que a LM tenha se originado na área amazônica ocidental em tempos arqueológicos por intermédio de migrações humanas, depois ascendido à selva alta e, posteriormente, às terras quentes interandinas, pelos limites da Bolívia e do Peru com o Brasil. As migrações dos mitmaq ou mitimaes contribuíram para sua intensificação durante o império inca. Tais fatos se desenvolvem no contexto histórico e social da queda do império inca e da instalação da colônia espanhola.

De estructuras, culturas y otros demonios: una revisión de las insurrecciones andinas de finales del siglo XVIII

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Hanni Jalil Paier

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo observa las insurrecciones populares del siglo XVIII no como episodios casuales o aislados, sino como síntomas de un sentimiento generalizado de descontento social e intensificado conflicto. Sentimientos cuya intensidad se incrementó durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y culminó con la Gran Rebelión de 1780-1783 en el sur de los Andes, el levantamiento en Quito de 1765 y la Rebelión de los Comuneros en la Nueva Granada de 1781. Este artículo examina los trabajos que hacen referencia a estas revueltas, reconociendo el hecho que la producción académica de las insurrecciones de finales del siglo XVIII en las colonias americanas forman parte de los amplios debates académicos que abordan las insurrecciones fuera del contexto Andino, e incorpora preguntas promulgadas por los estudiosos de las revueltas campesinas y el conflicto armado en otros campos y otros periodos.

Cambio climático y salud en la región andina

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Oscar Feo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan de manera resumida las causas fundamentales que contribuyen al calentamiento global y una serie de evidencias de la realidad que nos afecta: aumenta la temperatura de la tierra, se derriten los glaciares, sube el nivel de los océanos y se incrementa la frecuencia e intensidad de los eventos meteorológicos; todo ello como producto de la acumulación inusitada de gases de efecto invernadero, provenientes de la actividad humana. Se plantea las implicaciones que, de forma directa o indirecta, el cambio climático tiene para la salud, en particular para los países andinos: trastornos vinculados con la disponibilidad y calidad del agua y los alimentos, afecciones respiratorias, infecciones de transmisión vectorial, cáncer y enfermedades crónico degenerativas, cuadros asociados con desastres climáticos y temperaturas extremas. Finalmente, se revisa las propuestas y cursos de acción.

Entre palabra, escritura e imagen

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José Sánchez Parga

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Plantea el autor que, hace quinientos años, cuando se produjo el encuentro entre la cultura europea y las americanas junto con la conquista y la dominación colonial se instauró un régimen de comunicación en el que se reprodujo una situación de incomunicación y transcomunicaciones hasta ahora existentes. Se refiere el autor también a la violencia verbal y la ley del silencio, a lo que se entiende por mundo andino, a la comunicación como intercambio, la tradición oral-galaxia radial, la dominación gráfica, la Biblia-Gramática- leyes de Indias, Otavalo, quema de papeles, Guamán Poma, el imperialismo de la imagen, destrucción de ídolos, imagen cristiana colonizadora, imperialismo de la imagen, resistencia cultural, importancia de la virgen y el neocolonialismo electrónico.

El concepto de taypi ch'ixi como aporte al estudio de la poesía mapuche bilingüe

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Melisa Stocco

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En los tejidos andinos aymara, el taypi es el centro que ordena las simetrías, asimetrías y ritmos de la práctica textil. Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui retoma el concepto para referirse a un taypi chꞌixi como el espacio donde lo indígena y lo occidental se entretejen y donde se evidencia la vitalidad de la compleja trama cultural latinoamericana. El presente trabajo busca indagar en la profundidad conceptual y la aplicabilidad de nociones como chꞌixi y taypi para analizar la práctica autotraductora en la actual poesía originaria bilingüe como un espacio intermedio pleno de tensiones, un tejido urdido en el conflicto y la complementariedad entre lenguas, culturas y subjetividades. Se analizarán poemas y metatextos de dos autores mapuche, Leonel Lienlaf y Adriana Paredes Pinda, en los que se plantea la tensión entre oralidad y escritura.

PABLO PALACIO: LA VIOLENCIA CORPORAL SOBRE LAS IDENTIDADES IMPOSIBLES EN LA ZONA DE LOS ANDES

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Diego Falconí Travez

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Pablo Palacio, escritor ecuatoriano de la segunda década del siglo pasado, se encargó de construir en sus relatos un catálogo de cuerpos raros con sexualidades ambiguas e inquietantes que se alejan del canon andino al que él pertenece. No obstante, una de las cuestiones que más llama la atención es que varios de esos cuerpos son disciplinados por ciertos discursos de poder de un modo violento. Este trabajo explora desde la teoría literaria dichas vejaciones tomando en consideración la violencia sobre las identidades de mujeres y homosexuales en dos de sus relatos, e indaga sobre cuestiones como la economía de la representación, la  violencia, su relación con el texto literario y la vulnerabilidad, como requisito sine qua non de las vejaciones, en ciertos cuerpos en la zona de los Andes.

IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DEL TLC COLOMBIA - ESTADOS UNIDOS EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE NARIÑO (Segunda parte

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Manuel Iván Ortiz Ramos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La segunda parte analiza los términos del TLC y su impacto en la economía regional, que de manera objetiva, permita coincidir sus alcances comerciales con las características que posee la estructura productiva de Nariño a partir del contexto conómico de frontera. La frontera sur juega un papel importante frente al sector agrícola ya que posee desde el suroccidente excelentes recursos naturales y ecosistemicos desde donde se extrae materias primas, insumos, localización y productos de exportación, como son: 1 Producción de agua limpia y potable; 2 Producción de energía eólica, solar y eléctrica; 3 Minería de metales preciosos y químicos; 4 Producción en agroindustria de lácteos y alimentos; 5 Logística comercial con los socios andinos; 6 Almacenamientos y Warehousing para materias primas e insumos del comercio intra e interindustrial entre Ecuador y Colombia; 7 Agenciamiento del comercio exterior y actividades aduaneras conexas y yuxtapuestas; 8 Transporte e interconexión interoceánica con Brasil y el cono sur por carretera; 9 Mejores comunicaciones por poseer una estratégica ubicación satelital entre la zona ecuatorial y el litoral pacíco; 10 La producción de una economía en escala de papa, tubérculos, frutas verduras desde la región del altiplano andino (Exprovincia de Obando y el valle de Sibundoy, ya que Nariño en varios años consecutivos ha ocupado el primer lugar en la producción nacional de papa;11 Colindante de la región periférica amazónica (COFAM ubicada en los esteros ricos de petróleo crudo (Bajo Putumayo, que por muchos decenios le han generado a Colombia, las divisas necesarias para la expansión económica y social de las ciudades y departamentos del centro a costas de la extracción, explotación, logística y exportación de petróleo crudo que realiza Ecopetrol por el oleoducto: Orito-Putumayo hasta el puerto de Tumaco-Nariño con conexión temporal con Ecuador.

Antropometría del trabajador minero de la altura

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Augusto V Ramírez

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La antropometría trata de las medidas del cuerpo humano y es base fundamental para la ergonomía. La minería peruana se localiza casi siempre en la gran altura, hábitat del hombre andino, que tiene características antropométricas diversas al hombre del llano. Objetivo: Caracterizar antropométricamente a una población andina de trabajadores mineros en la sierra central del Perú. Diseño: El estudio fue descriptivo, tipo prospectivo y observacional. Lugar: Servicio de Salud Ocupacional, Centromin-Perú, en La Oroya, y 4 de sus hospitales mineros satélites. Participantes: Tres mil trabajadores mineros, sanos, de sexo masculino, de 21 a 60 años, nativos-residentes alturas superiores a 3 500 msnm. Intervenciones: La muestra la generamos con un modelo aleatorio polietápico de conglomerados. El estudio se realizó entre 1984-1994; obtuvimos media, rango desviación estándar de la media. Para la certeza estadística de la hipótesis de normalidad, aplicamos la prueba de significancia de Shapiro - Wilk, para dos colas. Principales medidas de los resultados: Medidas morfológicas, macroscópicas, fenotípicas y de superficie, realizadas con un protocolo medición y según técnica reconocida en el ámbito científico. Resultados: De los parámetros estudiados destacaron: de pie, estatura 151,2 a 154,6, altura piso-ojos, 1,481 m; sentado, asiento-codo 0,243 m, a vértex y altura ojos, 1,155 y 1,095 m; mano, ancho y largo, 0,104 a 0,171 m; pie, ancho y largo, 0,92 y 0,239 m; perímetro tórax, reposo 98,16, inspiración forzada, 105,3, espiración forzada 94,3 cm. Los resultados fueron validados con la prueba de Shapiro Wilk que, para aceptación, valora entre 0,01 y 0,099. Del total (47, tres parámetros fueron rechazados totalmente: alcance vertical máximo de brazo, ancho de caderas y perímetro de cráneo, cuyo valor de x en los tres casos 0,50. Conclusiones: La caracterización antropométrica del trabajador minero andino

DIATOMEAS DE PEQUEÑOS RÍOS ANDINOS Y SU UTILIZACIÓN COMO INDICADORAS DE CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES

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DÍAZ-QUIRÓS CATHERINA

2004-12-01

Full Text Available En veinte ríos de la cuenca alta y media del Río Bogotá (Cundinamarca, Colombiase estudió la relación entre algunas variables físicas, químicas e hidrológicas con lacomunidad de diatomeas perifíticas. A partir de un Análisis de ComponentesPrincipales se estableció que la conductividad, el pH, el amonio, la turbidez, elfósforo total, el dióxido de carbono y la velocidad de la corriente fueron las variablesque determinaron los patrones físicos y químicos de los ríos. Mediante un Análisisde Correspondencia Canónica se estableció que el pH, el fósforo reactivo soluble,el nitrógeno total y la conductividad fueron las variables que determinaron lacomunidad de diatomeas. Finalmente, se propone un modelo de regresión ycalibración para inferir los valores de las variables significativas a partir de laestructura de la comunidad.

Polémicas en torno a los catequistas andinos en el virreinato peruano (siglos XVI-XVII)

OpenAIRE

Charles, John

2012-01-01

El presente artículo examina el papel de los catequistas indígenas en la evangelización andina, dándole énfasis a la influencia de las políticas del Tercer Concilio Limense (1582-1583) en favor del quechua y los testimonios de oficiales eclesiásticos sobre el estatus del quechua como lengua de enseñanza doctrinal hacia principios del siglo XVII. El trabajo analiza, además, los problemas que el bilingüismo indígena planteó para el proyecto colonial de unificación cultural y religiosa, así como...

Reproducción identitaria y social en las redes translocales de migrantes de dos pueblos andinos

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Jacques Malengreau

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Se analizan de manera comparativa —según su destino y según su origen— las estrategias adoptadas por los migrantes de dos comunidades andinas de distintas regiones del Perú en su manejo de recursos sociales, culturales y materiales de su entorno extendido en el cuadro de su experiencia translocal. Estas estrategias están fundadas en una forma paralela. Por una parte, sobre una extensión de los lazos domésticos del pueblo originario, sobre todo a través de una continuidad transgeneracional basada en la descendenciacolateral tío(a – sobrino (a entre el pueblo originario y el lugar de inmigración, lo que implica un debilitamiento de las identidades colectivas supradomésticas originarias. Y, por otra parte, sobre la construcción de lazos vecindarios nuevos interétnicos, lo cual reinventa un modelo de solidaridad social en el lugar de inmigración. Estas estrategias —que combinan la jerarquización, el clientelismo, así como la reciprocidad y la redistribución— implican una reinterpretaciónde las normas vehiculadas por el modelo empresarial «liberal»,productivista, competitivo y consumista acondicionado a partir de un mundo extranjero que se manifiesta en una forma transnacional y transregional. En consecuencia, se pueden ver de modo comparativo las estrategias seguidas por los migrantes de ambos pueblos originarios como un desarrollo, tanto de rasgos comunes, como de particularidades que son ligadas, no solamente a las experiencias sociohistóricas y a las herencias culturales propias de cada uno de los pueblos, sino también al tipo de destino escogido por ellos; porejemplo, Lima metropolitana, los centros urbanos regionales y los valles tropicales del oriente. -- This article contrasts strategies adopted by migrants from two Andeancommunities located in different regions in Peru, in their useof social, cultural, and material networks, taking into consideration the place they settle in and where they come from, their translocal experience. These strategies are embedded in a parallel form; on the one hand there is an extension of the domestic bonds from the original village in the place they finally settle down in, mostly givenby a transgenerational continuation, based on collateral descendance (uncle/aunt – nephew/niece, which weakens the original supradomestic collective identities; and, on the other hand, the newly interethnic neighborhood bonds which transform the social solidarity model in the place they settle down in. These strategies that combine hierarchy, clientelism, reciprocity and redistribution, also imply a new interpretation of norms regulated by the «liberal», productive, competitive and consumer model, conditioned by a foreign world which is manifested in a transnational and transregional form.Hence, these strategies can be seen as a development of common traits, particularities related not only to social-historic and cultural heritage, but also to a type of destination chosen by these migrants, for example metropolitan Lima, the urban and regional centers and the Oriental tropical valleys.

Terapeutas tradicionales andinos en un contexto de cambio: el caso de Churcampa en el Perú

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Julio Portocarrero

Full Text Available Objetivos. Describir la diversidad de terapeutas tradicionales, sus vínculos con el sistema de salud oficial y los cambios en sus recursos terapéuticos, en dos comunidades rurales de los andes en Churcampa, región de Huancavelica, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo en el que se combinan tres técnicas etnográficas: entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones y acompañamientos a terapeutas tradicionales y personal de salud. Resultados. Se identificaron 58 terapeutas, clasificados como curanderos, parteros y hueseros. La mayoría de terapeutas entrevistados aprendió su labor siendo joven y muy pocos tuvieron un maestro o mentor. La gran mayoría señaló tener reparos para vincularse con los establecimientos de salud más allá de las referencias. No había un trabajo articulado entre personal de salud y terapeutas tradicionales. Sin embargo, cuando sucedía, el personal de salud prefería a aquellos terapeutas que tuvieran la disposición para adecuarse a las necesidades de los servicios de salud. Se encontró que buena parte de los terapeutas estaban cambiando sus prácticas debido a la influencia de las iglesias evangélicas. Ningún terapeuta contaba con discípulos para transmitir sus conocimientos y prácticas. Conclusiones. Existe una gran diversidad de terapeutas tradicionales. Esta diversidad viene disminuyendo, entre otros factores, por el avance de las iglesias evangélicas. Los terapeutas tradicionales refieren a algunos pacientes al establecimiento de salud; mientras que el personal de salud establece relaciones jerárquicas de trabajo con los terapeutas. Se requiere trabajar estas actitudes del personal de salud pues la base de un enfoque intercultural es el trabajo articulado y horizontal entre ambos sistemas

Apuntes sobre las relaciones entre el pensamiento, la lengua y la cultura, en el caso andino

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Marie-France Souffez

1984-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo reproduce algunas ideas generales sobre los problemas del sistema educativo peruano frente a la cultura andina. Avanza unas propuestas de investigación y desarrolla una posición teórica que subraya, al lado de los diferentes estudios sobre el hombre en su generalidad y permanencia,ia importancia de explorar las variaciones del espíritu humano en las diferentes culturas y épocas, lo que podría ser útil en. el Perú, país pluricultural dominado por una sola, cultura. Asimismo, propone indagar, dentro de la especificidad andina, sobre las formas de pensar y de expresar la inteligencia valoradas en esta cultura, iniciando la aproximación por un análisis de los significados de las expresiones lingüisticas relativas a estas formas.

El Rostro Andino del Arco Iris La diversidad cultural, el desarrollo y el sumak kawsay ecuatoriano

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Merchán, Andrés Abad

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The article reflects on the concept of human development and its cultural dimensions. It analyzes the Human Development Index (HDI, the legal framework for development in the Ecuador and the concept of sumak kawsay (known as "living well", as well as the intrinsic relationship between biological and cultural diversity. In addition, it analyzes the proposal of UNESCO, which provides a series of indicators linked to welfare and the promotion of cultural and creative diversity. Finally, the National Plan for Living Well 2009-2013 drawn up by the National Secretariat of Planning and Development (SENPLADES is reviewed.

Reproducción identitaria y social en las redes translocales de migrantes de dos pueblos andinos

OpenAIRE

Malengreau, Jacques

2012-01-01

Se analizan de manera comparativa —según su destino y según su origen— las estrategias adoptadas por los migrantes de dos comunidades andinas de distintas regiones del Perú en su manejo de recursos sociales, culturales y materiales de su entorno extendido en el cuadro de su experiencia translocal. Estas estrategias están fundadas en una forma paralela. Por una parte, sobre una extensión de los lazos domésticos del pueblo originario, sobre todo a través de una continuidad transgeneracional bas...

Lead and cadmium in wild birds in southeastern Spain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia-Fernandez, A.J.; Sanchez-Garcia, J.A.; Luna, A. [Univ. of Murcia (Spain); Jimenez-Montalban, P. [Regional Environmental Agency, Murcia (Spain). Centro de Recuperacion de Fauna Silvestre El Valle

1995-12-01

The main purpose of this study was to monitor exposure to lead and cadmium in wild birds in Murcia, a southeastern region of Spain on the Mediterranean coast. This region lies on one of the African-European flyways. Samples of liver, kidney, brain, bone, and whole blood from several species of wild birds were obtained during 1993. The authors found a clear relationship between cadmium and lead concentrations in birds and their feedings habits. Vultures (Gyps fulvus) had the highest concentrations of lead (mean 40 {micro}g/dl in blood), and seagulls (Larus argentatus and Larus ridibundus) the highest concentrations of cadmium (mean 4.43 {micro}g/g in kidney). Insectivores had high concentrations of both metals, and diurnal and nocturnal raptors showed the lowest tissue concentrations. The findings that tissue and blood concentrations were generally not elevated suggests environmental (rather than acute) exposure. Birds from more industrialized areas of the region studied here had higher concentrations of both lead and cadmium.

Fatal embryo chondral damage associated with fluoroquinolones in eggs of threatened avian scavengers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemus, J.A.; Blanco, G.; Arroyo, B.; Martinez, F.; Grande, J.

2009-01-01

Stabled livestock reared in housed conditions are often subjected to intensive treatments with veterinary drug, which residues may be present in livestock meat ingested by scavengers, but nothing is known about their presence in eggs of wild birds and their potential detrimental effects on breeding success. We searched for residues of veterinary drugs and other toxicants in infertile and embryonated unhatched eggs of griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and red kites (Milvus milvus), two threatened avian scavengers. Quinolones (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were found in most unhatched eggs of both scavenger species clearly associated with severe alterations in the development of embryo cartilage and bones that could preclude embryo movements and subsequently normal development, pre-hatch position and successful hatching. The detrimental effects on developing eggs of veterinary drugs from livestock operations may help to explain reduced breeding success of avian scavengers. - Fluoroquinolones used in livestock farming and found in eggs of avian scavenger caused severe alterations in embryo cartilage and bone development.

Fatal embryo chondral damage associated with fluoroquinolones in eggs of threatened avian scavengers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemus, J.A. [Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain); Blanco, G., E-mail: gublanco2@yahoo.e [Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain); Arroyo, B.; Martinez, F.; Grande, J. [Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain)

2009-08-15

Stabled livestock reared in housed conditions are often subjected to intensive treatments with veterinary drug, which residues may be present in livestock meat ingested by scavengers, but nothing is known about their presence in eggs of wild birds and their potential detrimental effects on breeding success. We searched for residues of veterinary drugs and other toxicants in infertile and embryonated unhatched eggs of griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and red kites (Milvus milvus), two threatened avian scavengers. Quinolones (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were found in most unhatched eggs of both scavenger species clearly associated with severe alterations in the development of embryo cartilage and bones that could preclude embryo movements and subsequently normal development, pre-hatch position and successful hatching. The detrimental effects on developing eggs of veterinary drugs from livestock operations may help to explain reduced breeding success of avian scavengers. - Fluoroquinolones used in livestock farming and found in eggs of avian scavenger caused severe alterations in embryo cartilage and bone development.

Precariedade do trabalho e da vida de catadores de recicláveis em Fortaleza, CE

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Regina Heloisa Maciel

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The article discusses life and work conditions of young, middle-aged and elderly street pickers, focusing on experiences of childhood, adolescence and actual job. Eight workers, between 20 and 85 years of age, men and women, were interviewed. The data indicates that: all had a childhood and adolescence marked by lack of resources and emotional support, early insertion in precarious work and low education; the current work maintains the previous experiences of precarious living and working conditions and lack of prospects of inclusion in the formal work market; young workers express feelings of hopelessness and failure; middle-aged and older workers managed to build a safety net through associations of recyclable collectors; all participants reported they have to deal with bigotry revealed in the eyes "of others" for whom a collector is "garbage", "beggar, vulture", a possible "thief". Finally, all believe the work is critical to their and their families’ survival and is a "right" job.

Precariedade do trabalho e da vida de catadores de recicláveis em Fortaleza, CE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regina Heloisa Maciel

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The article discusses life and work conditions of young, middle-aged and elderly street pickers, focusing on experiences of childhood, adolescence and actual job. Eight workers, between 20 and 85 years of age, men and women, were interviewed. The data indicates that: all had a childhood and adolescence marked by lack of resources and emotional support, early insertion in precarious work and low education; the current work maintains the previous experiences of precarious living and working conditions and lack of prospects of inclusion in the formal work market; young workers express feelings of hopelessness and failure; middle-aged and older workers managed to build a safety net through associations of recyclable collectors; all participants reported they have to deal with bigotry revealed in the eyes "of others" for whom a collector is "garbage", "beggar, vulture", a possible "thief". Finally, all believe the work is critical to their and their families' survival and is a "right" job.

Net Effects of Ecotourism on Threatened Species Survival.

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Ralf C Buckley

Full Text Available Many threatened species rely on ecotourism for conservation funding, but simultaneously suffer direct ecological impacts from ecotourism. For a range of IUCN-Redlisted terrestrial and marine bird and mammal species worldwide, we use population viability analyses to calculate the net effects of ecotourism on expected time to extinction, in the presence of other anthropogenic threats such as poaching, primary industries and habitat loss. Species for which these calculations are currently possible, for one or more subpopulations, include: orangutan, hoolock gibbon, golden lion tamarin, cheetah, African wild dog, New Zealand sealion, great green macaw, Egyptian vulture, and African penguin. For some but not all of these species, tourism can extend expected survival time, i.e., benefits outweigh impacts. Precise outcomes depend strongly on population parameters and starting sizes, predation, and ecotourism scale and mechanisms. Tourism does not currently overcome other major conservation threats associated with natural resource extractive industries. Similar calculations for other threatened species are currently limited by lack of basic population data.

An immunohistochemical study of the endocrine pancreas in raptors.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmieri, C; Shivaprasad, H L

2014-12-01

The cytoarchitecture of the endocrine pancreas of 10 raptors (golden eagles, peregrine falcons, Saker falcon, turkey vultures, red-tailed hawk and unspecified falcon) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Three islet types were identified: type A mixed islets composed mainly by glucagon (A)-secreting cells, type B mixed islets with predominantly insulin (B)-secreting cell component and type M mixed islets (type M) consisting of variable number of glucagon-, insulin- and somatostatin (D)-secreting cells. The latter were further characterized into Type I, II or III according to the cell distribution of the three cell types. A and D cells were also randomly scattered within the exocrine pancreas. The results of this study suggest that the classical concept in birds of a segregation of A and B cells in well-defined and distinct islets is not applicable in raptors, reflecting an evolutionary adaptation to different dietary habits and variation in developmental mechanisms. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of Aerodynamic Capabilities of Flying Fish in Gliding Flight

Science.gov (United States)

Park, H.; Choi, H.

In the present study, we experimentally investigate the aerodynamic capabilities of flying fish. We consider four different flying fish models, which are darkedged-wing flying fishes stuffed in actual gliding posture. Some morphological parameters of flying fish such as lateral dihedral angle of pectoral fins, incidence angles of pectoral and pelvic fins are considered to examine their effect on the aerodynamic performance. We directly measure the aerodynamic properties (lift, drag, and pitching moment) for different morphological parameters of flying fish models. For the present flying fish models, the maximum lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio are similar to those of medium-sized birds such as the vulture, nighthawk and petrel. The pectoral fins are found to enhance the lift-to-drag ratio and the longitudinal static stability of gliding flight. On the other hand, the lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio decrease with increasing lateral dihedral angle of pectoral fins.

Net Effects of Ecotourism on Threatened Species Survival.

Science.gov (United States)

Buckley, Ralf C; Morrison, Clare; Castley, J Guy

2016-01-01

Many threatened species rely on ecotourism for conservation funding, but simultaneously suffer direct ecological impacts from ecotourism. For a range of IUCN-Redlisted terrestrial and marine bird and mammal species worldwide, we use population viability analyses to calculate the net effects of ecotourism on expected time to extinction, in the presence of other anthropogenic threats such as poaching, primary industries and habitat loss. Species for which these calculations are currently possible, for one or more subpopulations, include: orangutan, hoolock gibbon, golden lion tamarin, cheetah, African wild dog, New Zealand sealion, great green macaw, Egyptian vulture, and African penguin. For some but not all of these species, tourism can extend expected survival time, i.e., benefits outweigh impacts. Precise outcomes depend strongly on population parameters and starting sizes, predation, and ecotourism scale and mechanisms. Tourism does not currently overcome other major conservation threats associated with natural resource extractive industries. Similar calculations for other threatened species are currently limited by lack of basic population data.