analog efecto citotoxico: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Sample records for analog efecto citotoxico

Efecto placebo en el tratamiento conductual del insomnio : un enfoque desde las diferencias individuales

OpenAIRE

Aluja Fabregat, Antón; Farré Martí, Josep Ma.

1986-01-01

En el trabajo que se presenta se revisan varias investigaciones sobre el tratamiento conductual del insomnio de conciliación en los que se utilizan procedimientos de control placebo. Se encuentra que los procedimientos diseñados como control placebo causan diferentes efectos sobre la disminución de la latencia inicial de sueño, por lo que se infiere que por su naturaleza los distintos procedimientos diseñados inciden inespecíficamente en los sujetos insomnes.Se intenta buscar analogías hipoté...
El efecto fotoeléctrico

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M. A. Rodríguez-Meza

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una revisión del trabajo de Albert Einstein de 1905 que popularmente se conoce como del efecto fotoeléctrico, y por el cual se le otorgó el premio Nobel en 1921. Mostramos que para Einstein el efecto en sí no era importante, sino que estaba interesado en entender los procesos de emisión y absorción de radiación por la materia. Veremos también que al entender la termodinámica de la radiación electromagnética en una cavidad en equilibrio térmico a una temperatura dada, Einstein pudo plantear su hipótesis de los quanta que aplicó a tres fenómenos de interés en esos años, entre ellos el efecto fotoeléctrico.
Efectos colaterales del voto preferente

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Luis Diego Brenes Villalobos

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo describe la multiplicidad de potenciales efectos que la implementación del voto preferente podría acarrear en el ordenamiento jurídico y el sistema de partidos. La primera parte del análisis se dirige a caracterizar y definir el voto preferencial. En segunda instancia, el estudio comprenderá la revista de los efectos colaterales del voto preferente como modalidad de votación.
El efecto abanico y la paradoja del experto

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Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza

2010-09-01

Full Text Available La investigación sobre la memoria ha demostrado que conocer más hechos sobre algo conlleva un incremento en el tiempo de reconocimiento de información al respecto (el efecto abanico. Aunque explicable por teorías de amplio espectro sobre la cognición humana, este efecto de interferencia plantea una paradoja: ¿cómo es posible entonces que un experto en un tema no sucumba ante los efectos de la interferencia durante la recuperación? La respuesta parece estar relacionada con la capacidad para integrar la información en estructuras complejas de información.
Detecting analogical resemblance without retrieving the source analogy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kostic, Bogdan; Cleary, Anne M; Severin, Kaye; Miller, Samuel W

2010-06-01

We examined whether people can detect analogical resemblance to an earlier experimental episode without being able to recall the experimental source of the analogical resemblance. We used four-word analogies (e.g., robin-nest/beaver-dam), in a variation of the recognition-without-cued-recall method (Cleary, 2004). Participants studied word pairs (e.g., robin-nest) and were shown new word pairs at test, half of which analogically related to studied word pairs (e.g., beaver-dam) and half of which did not. For each test pair, participants first attempted to recall an analogically similar pair from the study list. Then, regardless of whether successful recall occurred, participants were prompted to rate the familiarity of the test pair, which was said to indicate the likelihood that a pair that was analogically similar to the test pair had been studied. Across three experiments, participants demonstrated an ability to detect analogical resemblance without recalling the source analogy. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential relevance to the study of analogical reasoning and insight, as well as to the study of familiarity and recognition memory.
EFECTOS DEL EMBARAZO ADOLESCENTE EN CHILE

OpenAIRE

Loyola Heufemann, AMANDA

2014-01-01

Los efectos del embarazo adolescente en Chile han sido poco estudiados aun cuando existe diversa literatura para el resto del mundo, en especial para países desarrollados. Este trabajo estima el efecto del embarazo adolescente sobre la asistencia o completitud de la educación secundaria, años de escolaridad y participación laboral. Usando datos de corte transversal del a˜no 2012 y un enfoque de variable instrumental a trav´es del uso de la entrega comunal de la píldora anticoncept...
Cambio climático: Efectos indirectos de los aerosoles atmosféricos.

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Ernesto López Baeza

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Los aerosoles atmosféricos y los gases de efecto invernadero ejercen un forzamiento radiativo directo sobre el sistema climático, modificando las propiedades radiativas y el albedo planetarios, que determinan el balance de radiación del planeta y, por tanto, el cambio climático global. No obstante, los aerosoles también dan lugar a varios efectos indirectos en el clima que se traducen en forzamientos radiativos indirectos, principalmente a través de la modulación de las propiedades y cobertura nubosas. El conocimiento y la estimación precisa de estos efectos indirectos son de gran importancia debido a su tendencia en algunos casos a compensar los efectos producidos por los gases de efecto invernadero, que podrían ser neutralizados o invertidos a escales espaciales local y regional. En este trabajo se muestran simulaciones de los forzamientos radiativos a que pueden dar lugar los aerosoles y se revisan sus efectos indirectos sobre el clima y su incidencia en el balance de radiación del planeta y el cambio climático.
Analogical scaffolding: Making meaning in physics through representation and analogy

Science.gov (United States)

Podolefsky, Noah Solomon

This work reviews the literature on analogy, introduces a new model of analogy, and presents a series of experiments that test and confirm the utility of this model to describe and predict student learning in physics with analogy. Pilot studies demonstrate that representations (e.g., diagrams) can play a key role in students' use of analogy. A new model of analogy, Analogical Scaffolding, is developed to explain these initial empirical results. This model will be described in detail, and then applied to describe and predict the outcomes of further experiments. Two large-scale (N>100) studies will demonstrate that: (1) students taught with analogies, according to the Analogical Scaffolding model, outperform students taught without analogies on pre-post assessments focused on electromagnetic waves; (2) the representational forms used to teach with analogy can play a significant role in student learning, with students in one treatment group outperforming students in other treatment groups by factors of two or three. It will be demonstrated that Analogical Scaffolding can be used to predict these results, as well as finer-grained results such as the types of distracters students choose in different treatment groups, and to describe and analyze student reasoning in interviews. Abstraction in physics is reconsidered using Analogical Scaffolding. An operational definition of abstraction is developed within the Analogical Scaffolding framework and employed to explain (a) why physicists consider some ideas more abstract than others in physics, and (b) how students conceptions of these ideas can be modeled. This new approach to abstraction suggests novel approaches to curriculum design in physics using Analogical Scaffolding.
Detecting analogies unconsciously

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Thomas Peter Reber

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Analogies may arise from the conscious detection of similarities between a present and a past situation. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we tested whether young volunteers would detect analogies unconsciously between a current supraliminal (visible and a past subliminal (invisible situation. The subliminal encoding of the past situation precludes awareness of analogy detection in the current situation. First, participants encoded subliminal pairs of unrelated words in either one or nine encoding trials. Later, they judged the semantic fit of supraliminally presented new words that either retained a previously encoded semantic relation (‘analog’ or not (‘broken analog’. Words in analogs versus broken analogs were judged closer semantically, which reflects unconscious analogy detection. Hippocampal activity associated with subliminal encoding correlated with the behavioral measure of unconscious analogy detection. Analogs versus broken analogs were processed with reduced prefrontal but enhanced medial temporal activity. We conclude that analogous episodes can be detected even unconsciously drawing on the episodic memory network.
Estudio del efecto de la adición de titanio en la microestructura y el efecto magnetocalórico en Ni-Mn-In-Co

OpenAIRE

Anaut Ezquer, Borja

2015-01-01

Se ha estudiado el efecto de la adición de pequeñas cantidades de titanio en la microestructura, propiedades mecánicas y efecto magnetocalórico de una aleación metamagnética con memoria de forma Ni-Mn-In-Co. Se ha visto que la adición de Ti produce una mejora de las propiedades mecánicas, como la microdureza y el límite elástico, a través de la reducción del tamaño de grano de la aleación. Sin embargo el Ti disminuye el máximo efecto magnetocalórico alcanzable por la aleación, aunque el rango...
Automatic activation of categorical and abstract analogical relations in analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Adam E; Fugelsang, Jonathan A; Dunbar, Kevin N

2006-10-01

We examined activation of concepts during analogical reasoning. Subjects made either analogical judgments or categorical judgments about four-word sets. After each four-word set, they named the ink color of a single word in a modified Stroop task. Words that referred to category relations were primed (as indicated by longer response times on Stroop color naming) subsequent to analogical judgments and categorical judgments. This finding suggests that activation of category concepts plays a fundamental role in analogical thinking. When colored words referred to analogical relations, priming occurred subsequent to analogical judgments, but not to categorical judgments, even though identical four-word stimuli were used for both types of judgments. This finding lends empirical support to the hypothesis that, when people comprehend the analogy between two items, they activate an abstract analogical relation that is distinct from the specific content items that compose the analogy.
Analog computing

CERN Document Server

Ulmann, Bernd

2013-01-01

This book is a comprehensive introduction to analog computing. As most textbooks about this powerful computing paradigm date back to the 1960s and 1970s, it fills a void and forges a bridge from the early days of analog computing to future applications. The idea of analog computing is not new. In fact, this computing paradigm is nearly forgotten, although it offers a path to both high-speed and low-power computing, which are in even more demand now than they were back in the heyday of electronic analog computers.
Science Teachers' Analogical Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Mozzer, Nilmara Braga; Justi, Rosária

2013-08-01

Analogies can play a relevant role in students' learning. However, for the effective use of analogies, teachers should not only have a well-prepared repertoire of validated analogies, which could serve as bridges between the students' prior knowledge and the scientific knowledge they desire them to understand, but also know how to introduce analogies in their lessons. Both aspects have been discussed in the literature in the last few decades. However, almost nothing is known about how teachers draw their own analogies for instructional purposes or, in other words, about how they reason analogically when planning and conducting teaching. This is the focus of this paper. Six secondary teachers were individually interviewed; the aim was to characterize how they perform each of the analogical reasoning subprocesses, as well as to identify their views on analogies and their use in science teaching. The results were analyzed by considering elements of both theories about analogical reasoning: the structural mapping proposed by Gentner and the analogical mechanism described by Vosniadou. A comprehensive discussion of our results makes it evident that teachers' content knowledge on scientific topics and on analogies as well as their pedagogical content knowledge on the use of analogies influence all their analogical reasoning subprocesses. Our results also point to the need for improving teachers' knowledge about analogies and their ability to perform analogical reasoning.
Analog synthetic biology.

Science.gov (United States)

Sarpeshkar, R

2014-03-28

We analyse the pros and cons of analog versus digital computation in living cells. Our analysis is based on fundamental laws of noise in gene and protein expression, which set limits on the energy, time, space, molecular count and part-count resources needed to compute at a given level of precision. We conclude that analog computation is significantly more efficient in its use of resources than deterministic digital computation even at relatively high levels of precision in the cell. Based on this analysis, we conclude that synthetic biology must use analog, collective analog, probabilistic and hybrid analog-digital computational approaches; otherwise, even relatively simple synthetic computations in cells such as addition will exceed energy and molecular-count budgets. We present schematics for efficiently representing analog DNA-protein computation in cells. Analog electronic flow in subthreshold transistors and analog molecular flux in chemical reactions obey Boltzmann exponential laws of thermodynamics and are described by astoundingly similar logarithmic electrochemical potentials. Therefore, cytomorphic circuits can help to map circuit designs between electronic and biochemical domains. We review recent work that uses positive-feedback linearization circuits to architect wide-dynamic-range logarithmic analog computation in Escherichia coli using three transcription factors, nearly two orders of magnitude more efficient in parts than prior digital implementations.
Efectos cardiovasculares debido al consumo de cannabinoides

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Oscar J. León

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Objetivo: dar a conocer los efectos cardiovasculares secundarios al consumo de marihuana según lo reportado en la literatura médica. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda con los términos MESH “Cannabis”, “Marijuana smoking” y “adverse effects” en la base de datos PubMed hasta el año 2016. Se obtuvieron 265 referencias. Se excluyeron cartas de editores, protocolos de investigación en proceso, población pediátrica (menores de 18 años, embarazadas, referencias en idiomas diferentes a inglés y español y se escogieron solo referencias relacionadas con efectos cardiovasculares. Resultados: se han establecido dos tipos de receptores de cannabinoides, los CB1 y los CB2, con localizaciones a nivel del sistema nervioso central, endotelial, renal y músculo liso. En la actualidad el consumo de marihuana ha venido en aumento y los médicos poco conocen de sus efectos y los diferentes nombres comerciales para esta sustancia. Existen efectos protectores a nivel vascular con detención de la progresión de la placa aterosclerótica y a la vez múltiples efectos no deseados como taquicardia, hipotensión y bradicardia. Múltiples reportes de caso documentan la relación de la marihuana con el infarto agudo de miocardio con o sin lesión de las arterias coronarias, así como con hemorragia subaracnoidea, pero no existen mecanismos claramente descritos que expliquen una relación directa con estos desenlaces. Conclusiones: se conoce la fisiopatología y los receptores donde actúan los cannabinoides generando efectos tanto protectores como dañinos. Existe fuerte correlación con enfermedad cardiovascular, principalmente síndrome coronario agudo, pero el mecanismo fisiopatológico aún no es claro. Abstract: Objective: To determine the cardiovascular side-effects of smoking marihuana according to that reported in the medical literature. Methods: A search was performed using the MeSH terms, “Cannabis”, “Marijuana smoking” and
LOS EFECTOS DE LA ESTIMULACIÓN SOBRE EL MEDIO INTERNO DE LOS ORGANISMOS

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Laura Acuña

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Los efectos de la estimulación no se limitan a la conducta ostensible de los organismos sino que incluyen el funcionamiento de su medio interno. Tales efectos se encuentran en un continuo, desde los nocivos hasta los benéficos para la salud. El extremo de los efectos nocivos es la muerte súbita de los sujetos. En este trabajo se describen dos experimentos realizados en el laboratorio del primer autor sobre eventos ambientales conducentes a una muerte súbita en ratas, así como sobre algunos eventos involucrados en alargar su expectativa de vida. Alejándose del extremo de los efectos letales de la estimulación se encuentran otros efectos nocivos que involucran la salud de los sujetos. En este trabajo también se describe un estudio con humanos en el que se exploró la influencia negativa o positiva de otras personas sobre su salud física y mental. Mientras que la contribución principal del trabajo con las ratas fue mostrar que existen variables que promueven la supervivencia en una situación amenazante a la vida, en el estudio con sujetos humanos, la contribución principal fue relacionar los hallazgos con el concepto Pavloviano del Efecto de la Persona.
Rhetoric and analogies

OpenAIRE

Aragonès, Enriqueta; Gilboa, Itzhak; Postlewaite, Andrew; Schmeidler, David; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica

2013-01-01

The art of rhetoric may be defined as changing other people's minds (opinions, beliefs) without providing them new information. One tech- nique heavily used by rhetoric employs analogies. Using analogies, one may draw the listener's attention to similarities between cases and to re-organize existing information in a way that highlights certain reg- ularities. In this paper we offer two models of analogies, discuss their theoretical equivalence, and show that finding good analogies is a com- p...
Intuitive analog circuit design

CERN Document Server

Thompson, Marc

2013-01-01

Intuitive Analog Circuit Design outlines ways of thinking about analog circuits and systems that let you develop a feel for what a good, working analog circuit design should be. This book reflects author Marc Thompson's 30 years of experience designing analog and power electronics circuits and teaching graduate-level analog circuit design, and is the ideal reference for anyone who needs a straightforward introduction to the subject. In this book, Dr. Thompson describes intuitive and ""back-of-the-envelope"" techniques for designing and analyzing analog circuits, including transistor amplifi
Los efectos de la estimulación sobre el medio interno de los organismos

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Carlos A. Bruner

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Los efectos de la estimulación no se limitan a la conducta ostensible de los organismos sino que incluyen el funcionamiento de su medio interno. Tales efectos se encuentran en un continuo, desde los nocivos hasta los benéficos para la salud. El extremo de los efectos nocivos es la muerte súbita de los sujetos. En este trabajo se describen dos experimentos realizados en el laboratorio del primer autor sobre eventos ambientales conducentes a una muerte súbita en ratas, así como sobre algunos eventos involucrados en alargar su expectativa de vida. Alejándose del extremo de los efectos letales de la estimulación se encuentran otros efectos nocivos que involucran la salud de los sujetos. En este trabajo también se describe un estudio con humanos en el que se exploró la influencia negativa o positiva de otras personas sobre su salud física y mental. Mientras que la contribución principal del trabajo con las ratas fue mostrar que existen variables que promueven la supervivencia en una situación amenazante a la vida, en el estudio con sujetos humanos, la contribución principal fue relacionar los hallazgos con el concepto Pavloviano del Efecto de la Persona
¿Cuáles fueron los efectos de la campaña electoral española del 2000?

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Ferran Martínez i Coma

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo analizo cuáles fueron los efectos de la campaña electoral del 2000 en España. Argumento y evidencio un cuarto efecto hasta ahora ignorado, la desactivación. Una vez hallados los efectos de dicha campaña, averiguo bajo qué condiciones es más posible que se produzcan determinados efectos. Los resultados muestran la distinta capacidad explicativa de las variables en los efectos de la campaña.

Efecto neuroprotector de los cannabinoides en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas

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Carlos Suero-García

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Se analiza la situación actual de las investigaciones relacionadas con las sustancias cannabinoides, así como su interacción con el organismo, clasificación, efectos terapéuticos y su uso en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Métodos: Se realiza una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica relacionada con las sustancias cannabinoides y sus derivados sintéticos, haciendo especial hincapié en la forma de interactuar con el organismo y los efectos que provocan dichas interacciones. Concretamente, se estudiarán sus efectos neuroantiinflamatorio y analgésico lo que conlleva al efecto neuroprotector en enfermedades neurodegenerativas tales como Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, esclerosis múltiple y esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Resultados: Desde hace miles de años la planta Cannabis Sativa ha sido utilizada por muchas culturas con distintos fines, de ocio, textiles, analgésicos, pero no es hasta finales del siglo XX cuando se empieza a incentivar los estudios científicos relacionados con ésta. La planta posee una mezcla de unos 400 componentes, de los cuales 60 pertenecen al grupo de los cannabinoides siendo los principales el cannabinol, cannabidiol y tetrahidrocannabinol. Con el descubrimiento de las sustancias cannabinoides, sus derivados, y los receptores que interactúan, se amplían las posibilidades terapéuticas teniendo un especial interés el efecto neuroprotector que estas sustancias contienen. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado el gran potencial de los cannabinoides como sustancias terapéuticas más allá de su uso analgésico o antiemético, esto es, en enfermedades neurodegenerativas en las que pueden no solo disminuir los síntomas, sino frenar el proceso de la enfermedad. Otra posible aplicación puede ser en el campo oncológico, siendo particularmente intensa la actividad investigadora realizada en los últimos 15 años.
CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA EFECTOS EN LA SALUD RESPIRATORIA EN EL NIÑO

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Dr. Carlos Ubilla

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La exposición de la población a la contaminación del aire es ubicua e involuntaria y puede ocasionar desde efectos fisiológicos imperceptibles hasta enfermedades y muerte. Los niños son un grupo especialmente vulnerable por la inmadurez del sistema respiratorio e inmune y por las conductas propias de la edad. Los efectos respiratorios en los niños a corto plazo más reportados en la literatura son: aumento de síntomas y consultas de urgencia por causas respiratorias, aumento de exacerbaciones asmáticas y reducción en la función pulmonar. El efecto a largo plazo con evidencia más consistente es el déficit en el crecimiento de la función pulmonar en los niños más expuestos. El efecto de la contaminación en la incidencia de asma, es más controversial. Es esencial que los profesionales de la salud reconozcan los efectos causados por la contaminación e instruyan a los padres para reducir al mínimo la exposición a los contaminantes en los niños.
Efectos reales de la política fiscal en Colombia: 1990-2007

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Henry Laverde

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La evidencia internacional muestra que la actividad económica se veafectada por los choques de la política fiscal. En este trabajo se caracterizan los efectos dinámicos del gasto y los ingresos del Gobierno nacional colombiano sobre el producto interno bruto (PIB y la demanda agregada para el periodo 1990-2007. Para ello se utiliza un modelo estructural de vectores autorregresivos (SVAR con información trimestral. Los resultados evidencian los efectos keynesianos tanto de la tributación como del gasto gubernamental y de sus componentes (consumo e inversión, aunque sus efectos son de bajapersistencia.
High-speed and high-resolution analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van de Plassche, R.J.

1989-01-01

Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters are important building blocks connecting the analog world of transducers with the digital world of computing, signal processing and data acquisition systems. In chapter two the converter as part of a system is described. Requirements of analog
El efecto invernadero

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Vega, Marco Vinicio

2016-01-01

El aumento de la concentración de los gases conocidos como de efecto invernadero, tales como el dióxido de carbono, el metano y los óxidos de nitrógeno, entre otros, hace que la atmósfera retenga un porcentaje superior del calor emitido por la Tierra, produciéndose un calentamiento global. Este calentamiento podría, si alcanzara niveles críticos, fundir parte de los casquetes polares, lo que elevaría el nivel de los mares, provocando inundaciones de algunas zonas costeras donde se concentra u...
Evaluación del efecto del agonista cannabinoide WIN 55,212-2 en el tratamiento de los efectos secundarios producidos por el fármaco antineoplásico 5-fluorouracilo en rata

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Huertas, María

2016-01-01

Los efectos secundarios producidos por la quimioterapia anticancerosa suponen un problema para el que se han propuesto los cannabinoides como tratamiento (a pesar de su principal limitación, los efectos centrales). El antineoplásico 5-Fluorouracilo (5-FU) produce en los pacientes náuseas, vómitos, diarrea, neuropatía periférica y, posiblemente, dolor visceral. Se evaluó si el agonista cannabinoide WIN 55, 212-2 (WIN), a dosis no psicoactivas, puede ser efectivo para tratar dichos efectos secu...
El efecto antihipertensivo de las leches fermentadas

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Karina N Domínguez González

Full Text Available Existe una gran variedad de leches fermentadas con bacterias lácticas, con propiedades que promueven la salud. Recientemente se ha comunicado que las proteínas de los alimentos pueden, además, ejercer otras funciones in vivo, por medio de sus péptidos con actividad biológica. Estos péptidos se encuentran encriptados dentro de la estructura primaria de las proteínas y pueden ser liberados por fermentación de la leche, hidrólisis enzimática, o bien durante el tránsito gastrointestinal. Las funciones que presentan son diversas, ya que pueden actuar en diferentes sistemas del cuerpo humano: el cardiovascular, el digestivo, el endocrino, el inmune y el nervioso. Los péptidos bioactivos que presentan un efecto en el sistema cardiovascular (antihipertensivo, antitrombótico, antioxidante o hipocolesterolémico pueden reducir los factores de riesgo para la manifestación de enfermedades crónicas y ayudar a mejorar la salud humana. Los péptidos bioactivos más estudiados son aquellos que ejercen un efecto antihipertensivo a través de la inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE. Este documento se enfoca en la producción de péptidos antihipertensivos inhibidores de la ACE en leches fermentadas, en su historia, y en las pruebas in vivo realizadas en ratas y en humanos, donde se ha demostrado su efecto hipotensor.
Structured Analog CMOS Design

CERN Document Server

Stefanovic, Danica

2008-01-01

Structured Analog CMOS Design describes a structured analog design approach that makes it possible to simplify complex analog design problems and develop a design strategy that can be used for the design of large number of analog cells. It intentionally avoids treating the analog design as a mathematical problem, developing a design procedure based on the understanding of device physics and approximations that give insight into parameter interdependences. The proposed transistor-level design procedure is based on the EKV modeling approach and relies on the device inversion level as a fundament
Analog and hybrid computing

CERN Document Server

Hyndman, D E

2013-01-01

Analog and Hybrid Computing focuses on the operations of analog and hybrid computers. The book first outlines the history of computing devices that influenced the creation of analog and digital computers. The types of problems to be solved on computers, computing systems, and digital computers are discussed. The text looks at the theory and operation of electronic analog computers, including linear and non-linear computing units and use of analog computers as operational amplifiers. The monograph examines the preparation of problems to be deciphered on computers. Flow diagrams, methods of ampl
Analog-to-digital conversion

CERN Document Server

Pelgrom, Marcel J M

2010-01-01

The design of an analog-to-digital converter or digital-to-analog converter is one of the most fascinating tasks in micro-electronics. In a converter the analog world with all its intricacies meets the realm of the formal digital abstraction. Both disciplines must be understood for an optimum conversion solution. In a converter also system challenges meet technology opportunities. Modern systems rely on analog-to-digital converters as an essential part of the complex chain to access the physical world. And processors need the ultimate performance of digital-to-analog converters to present the results of their complex algorithms. The same progress in CMOS technology that enables these VLSI digital systems creates new challenges for analog-to-digital converters: lower signal swings, less power and variability issues. Last but not least, the analog-to-digital converter must follow the cost reduction trend. These changing boundary conditions require micro-electronics engineers to consider their design choices for...
EL EFECTO SPILLOVER: IMPACTO SOCIAL DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO UNIVERSITARIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CAROLINA DELGADO

Full Text Available La función de la universidad pública en términos de investigación y desarrollo gira en torno a procesos de consolidación y socialización del conocimiento. La Universidad no apropia todos los beneficios resultantes de sus procesos investigativos, sino que estos se trasladan a terceros en forma de externalidades positivas, fenómeno denominado Spillover. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar si el efecto spillover se produce al interior de una universidad pública, utilizando un enfoque metodológico mixto, integrando elementos de la investigación modo 1, fuentes documentales, para establecer las variables y la Modelación lógica del sistema I&D de la universidad y la elaboración de perfiles de efecto Spillover; y del modo 2, panel de expertos, para la construcción de la matriz del efecto spillover de la I&D universitaria. Los resultados indican que: i en la universidad se presentan las tres categorias de efecto spillovers(conocimiento, red, mercado y se presenta el efecto combinado a través de la propiedad intelectual; ii los articulos y libros de investigación publicados en bases de datos como Scienti podrían ser importantes mecanismos de transmisión de externalidades positivas. iii Los productos de investigacion que producen docentes durante su formación postgradual son un importante canal de difusión de Spillovers de conocimiento.
El acuerdo preventivo extrajudicial del derecho argentino. Efectos de su homologación judicial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Germán E. Gerbaudo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo describe y analiza los efectos que produce la homologación judicial del acuerdo preventivo extrajudicial en la legislación de insolvencia de la República Argentina. Expone la aproximación existente entre los efectos del acuerdo preventivo extrajudicial y los del concurso preventivo a partir de la reforma concursal de 2002. Asimismo, se realiza un llamado de atención porque el acercamiento entre los efectos de los dos institutos puede generar una afectación al derecho de los acreedores en el acuerdo preventivo extrajudicial. Se demuestra cómo el deudor a través del acuerdo preventivo extrajudicial puede obtener los mismos efectos que los del concurso preventivo, aunque a través de un régimen más flexible. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones.
Efecto de la Escolaridad sobre la Fecundidad en Nicaragua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bonilla, Roger

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Son muchos los estudios que han mostrado la asociación inversa existente entre la escolaridad y la fecundidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar el efecto de la escolaridad sobre la fecundidad, en una muestra de 11246 mujeres de Nicaragua. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Poisson en donde la variable respuesta Y fue el número de hijos nacidos vivos de la mujer y la variable independiente fue la escolaridad, controlando por otros efectos como zona de residencia, tenencia de empleo, uso actual de métodos anticonceptivos, edad y una medida del nivel informativo de la mujer. Los modelos propuestos son significativos (p < 0.05 el hecho de tener escolaridad primaria hace que el riesgo de tener hijos adicionales sea 13% menor con respecto a las mujeres que no tienen escolaridad alguna. El riesgo para las mujeres con escolaridad secundaria es 40% menor (Modelo 1. El efecto interactivo de la escolaridad secundaria y más y la edad es significativo ( <0.05 (Modelo 2. El estudio suministra información útil para el apropiado diseño de políticas públicas y programas educativos.
EDITORIAL EFECTOS ADVERSOS DE MEDICAMENTOS: UNA PATOLOGÍA MULTIFORME RESPONSABILIDAD

OpenAIRE

Joan-Ramon Laporte

2009-01-01

Quizá todavía haya profesionales que, cuando oyen hablar de efectos adversos de medicamentos, piensen en erupciones cutáneas, discrasias hemáticas, shock anafiláctico o incluso malformaciones congénitas. Los citados son efectos adversos reales, pero relativamente raros. Además, son inesperados, no relacionados con la acción farmacológica, imprevisibles e independientes de la dosis. Son como una lotería terapéutica, que dependería de «la suerte».No obstante, cuando se examina la patología farm...
Analog earthquakes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hofmann, R.B.

1995-01-01

Analogs are used to understand complex or poorly understood phenomena for which little data may be available at the actual repository site. Earthquakes are complex phenomena, and they can have a large number of effects on the natural system, as well as on engineered structures. Instrumental data close to the source of large earthquakes are rarely obtained. The rare events for which measurements are available may be used, with modfications, as analogs for potential large earthquakes at sites where no earthquake data are available. In the following, several examples of nuclear reactor and liquified natural gas facility siting are discussed. A potential use of analog earthquakes is proposed for a high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repository
Efectos del miedo en los trabajadores y la organización

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristian Bedoya Dorado

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de la propuesta de Deming sobre erradicar el miedo en el lugar de trabajo, diferentes investigaciones han encontrado que esta emoción es negativa para los trabajadores y las organizaciones. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los efectos que el miedo genera en los trabajadores y en las organizaciones. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los estudios del miedo en la organización y sus implicaciones en el trabajo. De este modo se agruparon los efectos del miedo en el trabajador y en la organización y se analizaron sus implicaciones, a partir de lo cual se encontró que identificar los efectos que tiene el miedo en la organización contribuye a la comprensión del papel que tienen las subjetividades en el contexto organizacional y el funcionamiento de estas.
Efecto sedante del midazolam genérico versus innovador en ratas Wistar

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Radamés Alemón-Medina

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes: ocho de cada diez pacientes en Terapia Intensiva del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría no obtienen el mismo efecto ansiolítico y sedante con midazolam genérico (PiSA®, que con el innovador (Dormicum, Roche® a pesar de que su biodisponibilidad es de 100%. Objetivo: determinar diferencias significativas en el efecto sedante del midazolam genérico y del innovador administrados parenteralmente. Material y métodos: estudio aleatorizado cruzado en 24 ratas Wistar macho distribuidas en 4 grupos (n=6. A cada individuo se le administró una dosis de 0.5 mg/kg de peso vía intraperitoneal. Se determinaron los grados de sedación mediante la escala de Salamone. Se midió la concentración del fármaco en las ampolletas de ambas marcas por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Resultados: el efecto sedante del midazolam apareció al mismo tiempo y tuvo la misma duración, ndependientemente de la marca. El efecto tiende a ser más duradero con el innovador pero sin ser estadísticamente significativo (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05. Asimismo, la mayoría de los animales llegaron al nivel 3 de sedación con ambas marcas. Conclusión: tanto el midazolam innovador como el genérico tienen el mismo efecto sedante: aparece al mismo tiempo y tiene la misma duración.
Analog circuit design

CERN Document Server

Dobkin, Bob

2012-01-01

Analog circuit and system design today is more essential than ever before. With the growth of digital systems, wireless communications, complex industrial and automotive systems, designers are being challenged to develop sophisticated analog solutions. This comprehensive source book of circuit design solutions aids engineers with elegant and practical design techniques that focus on common analog challenges. The book's in-depth application examples provide insight into circuit design and application solutions that you can apply in today's demanding designs. <
Optical analogy. Synthesis report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1965-01-01

The authors report the study of conditions under which light attenuation (reflection, diffusion, absorption) and the attenuation of some radiations (notably thermal neutrons) can be described with analogical calculations. The analogy between light physical properties and neutron properties is not searched for, but the analogy between their attenuation characteristics. After having discussed this possible analogy, they propose a mathematical formulation of neutron and optical phenomena which could theoretically justify the optical analogy. The second part reports a more practical study of optics problems such as the study of simple optics materials and illumination measurements, or more precisely the study of angular distributions of optical reflections, a determination of such angular distributions, and an experimental determination of the albedo
¿Efectos Limitados o Poderosos? Una Revisión a la Investigación sobre los Efectos de las Comunicaciones de Campaña en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oniel Francisco Diaz Jimenez

2014-04-01

Full Text Available La investigación sobre los efectos de la comunicación política en México ha experimentado un importante avance durante las últimas décadas. Diversos trabajos desde la ciencia política y los estudios en comunicación de masas han realizado aportaciones significativas a la literatura acerca de los efectos de los medios y las campañas electorales en nuevas democracias, con México como estudio de caso. Este artículo ofrece una revisión de los hallazgos de diversos estudios sobre los efectos de las comunicaciones de campaña en elecciones presidenciales sobre el aprendizaje político, la cultura política y el comportamiento político de los mexicanos, señalando también aquellas áreas en las cuales la investigación es aún escasa.

Are all analogies created equal? Prefrontal cortical functioning may predict types of analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Chrysikou, Evangelia G; Thompson-Schill, Sharon L

2010-06-01

Abstract The proposed theory can account for analogies based on learned relationships between elements in the source and target domains. However, its explanatory power regarding the discovery of new relationships during analogical reasoning is limited. We offer an alternative perspective for the role of PFC in analogical thought that may better address different types of analogical mappings.
Efectos ecológicos del fenómeno ENOS en Colombia

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Yesid Carvajal

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno ENOS, tiene un sustancial efecto sobre las variaciones del clima a nivel mundial; por lo tanto, no sorprende que sus efectos tengan un impacto ecológico y socioeconómico fuerte, alterando la seguridad alimentaria de los países a nivel mundial. Ante este panorama, es comprensible que haya despertado el mayor interés mundial, no sólo en los especialistas en meteorología y oceanografía sino también entre biólogos, ecólogos, físicos, matemáticos, agrónomos, hidrólogos, economistas, sociólogos y planificadores, entre otros. En el presente documento, se muestra algunos de los principales efectos ecológicos en Colombia durante las fases extremas cálida (El Niño y fría (La Niña, indicando que es una necesidad urgente, orientar la investigación en sus causas, consecuencias e impactos.
Troubleshooting analog circuits

CERN Document Server

Pease, Robert A

1991-01-01

Troubleshooting Analog Circuits is a guidebook for solving product or process related problems in analog circuits. The book also provides advice in selecting equipment, preventing problems, and general tips. The coverage of the book includes the philosophy of troubleshooting; the modes of failure of various components; and preventive measures. The text also deals with the active components of analog circuits, including diodes and rectifiers, optically coupled devices, solar cells, and batteries. The book will be of great use to both students and practitioners of electronics engineering. Other
Analogical Reasoning in Geometry Education

Science.gov (United States)

Magdas, Ioana

2015-01-01

The analogical reasoning isn't used only in mathematics but also in everyday life. In this article we approach the analogical reasoning in Geometry Education. The novelty of this article is a classification of geometrical analogies by reasoning type and their exemplification. Our classification includes: analogies for understanding and setting a…
Efectos de la imagen corporativa en el comportamiento del consumidor. Un estudio aplicado a la banca comercial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Bravo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de las dimensiones de imagen corporativa sobre la satisfacción, compromiso y lealtad del cliente hacia su entidad bancaria, así como el efecto moderador de las variables sexo, edad y tipo de entidad en estas relaciones. A través de un estudio empírico se muestra que la dimensión relacionada con el personal es la que tiene un mayor efecto directo sobre la satisfacción y la lealtad. Asimismo, la dimensión de justicia en precios es la que tiene un mayor efecto directo sobre el compromiso. El análisis comparativo por grupos de sexo y edad señala diferencias en los efectos de algunas de las dimensiones de imagen, si bien no se observan diferencias significativas entre los bancos y las cajas de ahorros.
DISEÑO DE UN MICROSISTEMA PROGRAMABLE PARA EFECTOS DE AUDIO DIGITAL USANDO FPGAS

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John Michael Espinosa Durán

Full Text Available Este artículo describe el diseño de un microsistema programable para el procesamiento de efectos de audio digital implementado en un FPGA. El microsistema es diseñado usando un procesador de propósito específico y reconfigurable, un banco de RAMs y una interfaz gráfica de usuario basada en una pantalla táctil LCD. El procesador es diseñado usando 15 efectos de audio basados en retardos y procesamiento en el dominio dinámico y de la frecuencia. Los efectos son diseñados usando Megafunciones y el compilador FIR de Quartus II, son simulados en Simulink5 usando DSP Builder6, y son configurados utilizando una interfaz gráfica de usuario. El microsistema programable es implementado en el sistema de desarrollo DE2-70, y su funcionamiento es verificado usando un reproductor MP3 y un parlante. Adicionalmente, el microsistema permite la generación de efectos con alta fidelidad usando una tasa de muestreo máxima de 195.62 MSPS, y puede ser embebido en un SoC.
Analog and mixed-signal electronics

CERN Document Server

Stephan, Karl

2015-01-01

A practical guide to analog and mixed-signal electronics, with an emphasis on design problems and applications This book provides an in-depth coverage of essential analog and mixed-signal topics such as power amplifiers, active filters, noise and dynamic range, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion techniques, phase-locked loops, and switching power supplies. Readers will learn the basics of linear systems, types of nonlinearities and their effects, op-amp circuits, the high-gain analog filter-amplifier, and signal generation. The author uses system design examples to motivate
Meat analog: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Malav, O P; Talukder, S; Gokulakrishnan, P; Chand, S

2015-01-01

The health-conscious consumers are in search of nutritious and convenient food item which can be best suited in their busy life. The vegetarianism is the key for the search of such food which resembles the meat in respect of nutrition and sensory characters, but not of animal origin and contains vegetable or its modified form, this is the point when meat analog evolved out and gets shape. The consumers gets full satisfaction by consumption of meat analog due to its typical meaty texture, appearance and the flavor which are being imparted during the skilled production of meat analog. The supplement of protein in vegetarian diet through meat alike food can be fulfilled by incorporating protein-rich vegetative food grade materials in meat analog and by adopting proper technological process which can promote the proper fabrication of meat analog with acceptable meat like texture, appearance, flavor, etc. The easily available vegetables, cereals, and pulses in India have great advantages and prospects to be used in food products and it can improve the nutritional and functional characters of the food items. The various form and functional characters of food items are available world over and attracts the meat technologists and the food processors to bring some innovativeness in meat analog and its presentation and marketability so that the acceptability of meat analog can be overgrown by the consumers.
Digital and analog communication systems

Science.gov (United States)

Shanmugam, K. S.

1979-01-01

The book presents an introductory treatment of digital and analog communication systems with emphasis on digital systems. Attention is given to the following topics: systems and signal analysis, random signal theory, information and channel capacity, baseband data transmission, analog signal transmission, noise in analog communication systems, digital carrier modulation schemes, error control coding, and the digital transmission of analog signals.
El efecto Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson. El caso de México

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Mario Gómez Aguirre

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza el efecto Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson (HBS para el caso de México durante el periodo 1970-2009. Para ello se utiliza un modelo econométrico que incorpora la presencia de cambios estructurales. Los resultados alcanzados en esta investigación sugieren que no se cumple el efecto HBS entre México y Estados Unidos durante este periodo y, por lo tanto, no se corrobora estadísticamente que las diferentes tasas de crecimiento de la productividad de los bienes comerciables y no comerciables entre ambos países hayan afectado al tipo de cambio real.
Children's Development of Analogical Reasoning: Insights from Scene Analogy Problems

Science.gov (United States)

Richland, Lindsey E.; Morrison, Robert G.; Holyoak, Keith J.

2006-01-01

We explored how relational complexity and featural distraction, as varied in scene analogy problems, affect children's analogical reasoning performance. Results with 3- and 4-year-olds, 6- and 7-year-olds, 9- to 11-year-olds, and 13- and 14-year-olds indicate that when children can identify the critical structural relations in a scene analogy…
ESD analog circuits and design

CERN Document Server

Voldman, Steven H

2014-01-01

A comprehensive and in-depth review of analog circuit layout, schematic architecture, device, power network and ESD design This book will provide a balanced overview of analog circuit design layout, analog circuit schematic development, architecture of chips, and ESD design. It will start at an introductory level and will bring the reader right up to the state-of-the-art. Two critical design aspects for analog and power integrated circuits are combined. The first design aspect covers analog circuit design techniques to achieve the desired circuit performance. The second and main aspect pres
Hydraulic Capacitor Analogy

Science.gov (United States)

Baser, Mustafa

2007-01-01

Students have difficulties in physics because of the abstract nature of concepts and principles. One of the effective methods for overcoming students' difficulties is the use of analogies to visualize abstract concepts to promote conceptual understanding. According to Iding, analogies are consistent with the tenets of constructivist learning…
Analog fourier transform channelizer and OFDM receiver

OpenAIRE

2007-01-01

An OFDM receiver having an analog multiplier based I-Q channelizing filter, samples and holds consecutive analog I-Q samples of an I-Q baseband, the I-Q basebands having OFDM sub-channels. A lattice of analog I-Q multipliers and analog I-Q summers concurrently receives the held analog I-Q samples, performs analog I-Q multiplications and analog I-Q additions to concurrently generate a plurality of analog I-Q output signals, representing an N-point discrete Fourier transform of the held analog ...
Estimación bayesiana de efectos de red: el modelo Logit mixto

OpenAIRE

Chahuara Vargas, Paulo Roberto

2017-01-01

Los efectos o externalidades de red son factores que pueden condicionar las decisiones de contratación de los consumidores en favor de empresas ya establecidas y en contra de los nuevos competidores, pudiendo limitar la competencia efectiva y potencial de los mercados, en especial, en aquellas industrias donde el número de empresas es bajo y la entrada de nuevos competidores es poco frecuente. Por ello, es importante verificar su existencia y la magnitud de sus efectos sobre las decisiones de...
Efectos subletales de la lambda-cialotrina sobre eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

OpenAIRE

Ricardo, Tamara; Maitre, Maria Ines; Rodriguez, Alba Rut

2017-01-01

El uso intensivo de agroquímicos provoca efectos indeseables sobre la fauna no blanco. Dentro de la misma, los oligoquetos contribuyen a mantener la estructura y fertilidad del suelo. La lambda-cialotrina es uno de los insecticidas piretroides más utilizados en Argentina, pero son escasos los datos existentes acerca de su toxicidad sobre oligoquetos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar mediante bioensayos de toxicidad crónica los efectos de lambda-cialotrina (producto comercial al 5%...
Efecto de la tensión, ansiedad y relajación con respecto al rendimiento cognitivo en deportistas

OpenAIRE

Zamora Salas, Juan Diego; Salazar, Walter

2004-01-01

El presente estudio propone como objetivos: 1- Identificar el efecto de la tensión muscular y de la ansiedad en el rendimiento de una prueba cognitiva, 2- Identificar el efecto de una sesión de relajación y control de la tensión en el rendimiento de una prueba cognitiva, 3- Identificar el efecto de una sesión de actividad física vigorosa y de diversos sonidos sobre los niveles de tensión y ansiedad, 4- Identificar el efecto de una sesión de relajación sobre los niveles de tensión y ansied...
Inductive, Analogical, and Communicative Generalization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adri Smaling

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Three forms of inductive generalization - statistical generalization, variation-based generalization and theory-carried generalization - are insufficient concerning case-to-case generalization, which is a form of analogical generalization. The quality of case-to-case generalization needs to be reinforced by setting up explicit analogical argumentation. To evaluate analogical argumentation six criteria are discussed. Good analogical reasoning is an indispensable support to forms of communicative generalization - receptive and responsive (participative generalization — as well as exemplary generalization.
El efecto de los mecanismos internos de control en las operaciones con información privilegiada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José E. Tobar

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza el uso de la información privilegiada en las operaciones de compra de los insiders españoles y de cómo la estructura de propiedad afecta su comportamiento transaccional. Para ello se realizó un estudio empírico con una muestra de 2.233 operaciones de compra. Respecto al cálculo de los retornos anormales se aplicó la metodología de estudio de eventos, mientras que para el análisis del efecto de la estructura de propiedad se utilizaron regresiones lineales múltiples. Los resultados aportan evidencia sobre la coexistencia de los efectos de control y expropiación de la concentración de propiedad, de la coexistencia de los efectos de convergencia y atrincheramiento de la propiedad de los insiders y del efecto del tipo de accionista sobre los retornos anormales.
Analogical Reasoning and Computer Programming.

Science.gov (United States)

Clement, Catherine A.; And Others

1986-01-01

A study of correlations between analogical reasoning and Logo programming mastery among female high school students related the results of pretests of analogical reasoning to posttests of programming mastery. A significant correlation was found between analogical reasoning and the ability to write subprocedures for use in several different…

CAFÉ, CAFEÍNA VS. SALUD REVISIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS DEL CONSUMO DE CAFÉ EN LA SALUD

OpenAIRE

Ramírez Prada, Dianna Mayrene

2010-01-01

El consumo de café puede tener efectos positivos y riesgos para la salud de las personas que lo ingieren, según la evidencia encontrada en estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales que demuestran la relación del café con la memoria, las funciones intelectuales, las enfermedades neurodegerativas, diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad hepática, y la función ergogénica, como los posibles efectos benéficos. Los efectos adversos incluyen: aumento en la severidad de patologías gastrointestinales, alteracion...
Efectos de la suplementación con testosterona sobre el rendimiento en resistencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Fernández-Díaz

2016-09-01

Full Text Available El dopaje en el deporte tiene su origen en la Grecia Clásica. Sin embargo, a lo largo del siglo pasado y hasta la actualidad, la utilización de este tipo de prácticas fraudulentas en el deporte ha ido en aumento. Entre las sustancias dopantes más utilizadas destacan la testosterona y sus derivados sintéticos, los anabolizantes sintéticos. A pesar de que estas sustancias prohibidas se han utilizado para la mejora del rendimiento en pruebas de fuerza y potencia, frecuentemente se detectan positivos en deportistas de resistencia. Los objetivos del presente estudio han sido informar acerca de los efectos ergogénicos de la suplementación con testosterona y anabolizantes sintéticos sobre el rendimiento en resistencia, a través de cambios sobre parámetros sanguíneos, así como los efectos secundarios que tienen sobre la salud. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión en bases de datos como Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed y Web of Science incluyendo términos como testosterone, anemia, doping, endurance, erythropoietin, hepcidin e iron. La hepcidina se ha propuesto la principal reguladora de las reservas corporales de hierro y la suplementación con testosterona puede afectar a la síntesis de dicha hormona. Los efectos de la testosterona sobre la hepcidina podrían hacer mejorar tanto la capacidad de transporte como de difusión de oxígeno. De este modo, el dopaje con testosterona podría tener un potencial efecto ergogénico en modalidades de resistencia. Sin embargo, dichas mejoras pueden tener efectos negativos sobre el estado de salud del deportista, entre los que se encuentran trastornos metabólicos, orgánicos, psicológicos e inmunosupresión.
Analogical reasoning in children with specific language impairment: Evidence from a scene analogy task.

Science.gov (United States)

Krzemien, Magali; Jemel, Boutheina; Maillart, Christelle

2017-01-01

Analogical reasoning is a human ability that maps systems of relations. It develops along with relational knowledge, working memory and executive functions such as inhibition. It also maintains a mutual influence on language development. Some authors have taken a greater interest in the analogical reasoning ability of children with language disorders, specifically those with specific language impairment (SLI). These children apparently have weaker analogical reasoning abilities than their aged-matched peers without language disorders. Following cognitive theories of language acquisition, this deficit could be one of the causes of language disorders in SLI, especially those concerning productivity. To confirm this deficit and its link to language disorders, we use a scene analogy task to evaluate the analogical performance of SLI children and compare them to controls of the same age and linguistic abilities. Results show that children with SLI perform worse than age-matched peers, but similar to language-matched peers. They are more influenced by increased task difficulty. The association between language disorders and analogical reasoning in SLI can be confirmed. The hypothesis of limited processing capacity in SLI is also being considered.
PEMETAAN ANALOGI PADA KONSEP ABSTRAK FISIKA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nyoto Suseno

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The research of any where founded majority students have common difficulties in abstract physics concept. The result of observation, lecturers have problem in teaching implementation of abstract concepts on physics learning. The objective of this research is to find out the ways how to overcome this problem. The research place of physics education programs and senior high school. The data are colected by quetionere, observation and interview. The lecturer behavior to making out this case is use of analogy to make concrete a abstract concept. This action is true, because the analogies are dynamic tools that facilitate understanding, rather than representations of the correct and static explanations. Using analogies not only promoted profound understanding of abstract concept, but also helped students overcome their misconceptions. However used analogy in teaching not yet planed with seriousness, analogy used spontanously with the result that less optimal. By planing and selecting right analogy, the role of analogy can be achieved the optimal result. Therefore, it is important to maping analogies of abstract consepts on physics learning.
Science Teachers' Analogical Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Mozzer, Nilmara Braga; Justi, Rosária

2013-01-01

Analogies can play a relevant role in students' learning. However, for the effective use of analogies, teachers should not only have a well-prepared repertoire of validated analogies, which could serve as bridges between the students' prior knowledge and the scientific knowledge they desire them to understand, but also know how to…
Analog circuits cookbook

CERN Document Server

Hickman, Ian

2013-01-01

Analog Circuits Cookbook presents articles about advanced circuit techniques, components and concepts, useful IC for analog signal processing in the audio range, direct digital synthesis, and ingenious video op-amp. The book also includes articles about amplitude measurements on RF signals, linear optical imager, power supplies and devices, and RF circuits and techniques. Professionals and students of electrical engineering will find the book informative and useful.
Advances in Analog Circuit Design 2015

CERN Document Server

Baschirotto, Andrea; Harpe, Pieter

2016-01-01

This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 24th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, including low-power and energy-efficient analog electronics, with specific contributions focusing on the design of efficient sensor interfaces and low-power RF systems. This book serves as a valuable reference to the state-of-the-art, for anyone involved in analog circuit research and development. · Provides a state-of-the-art reference in analog circuit design, written by experts from industry and academia; · Presents material in a tutorial-based format; · Includes coverage of high-performance analog-to-digital and digital to analog converters, integrated circuit design in scaled technologies, and time-domain signal processing.
Efecto inhibitorio in vitro de cinco isotiocianatos sobre Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Federico Molina-Vargas

2019-12-01

Full Text Available Evaluamos el efecto de cinco isotiocianatos (ITC para controlar a Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-3, un hongo causante de enfermedades en plantas de importancia agrícola, como estudio preliminar para la implementación de la técnica de biofumigación en Colombia. Realizamos pruebas in vitro con diluciones de cinco ITC, con metanol como solvente, en cajas de Petri con medio PDA y calculamos las áreas de crecimiento micelial, el porcentaje de inhibición y la concentración efectiva media (CE50. La respuesta del patógeno fue dependiente de la concentración y del tipo de ITC aplicado. Todos los ITC en concentraciones al 10% presentaron efecto inhibitorio total. PEITC y BITC tuvieron un efecto fungistático hasta los seis y 27 días después de aplicados los tratamientos, respectivamente. PITC, AITC y MITC mantuvieron el efecto inhibitorio por más de un año después de aplicados los tratamientos. PITC fue más eficaz en controlar R. solani Kühn AG-3 que los otros ITC, mostrando el valor más bajo de la CE50 para la inhibición del crecimiento micelial.
Students' Pre- and Post-Teaching Analogical Reasoning when They Draw Their Analogies

Science.gov (United States)

Mozzer, Nilmara Braga; Justi, Rosaria

2012-01-01

Analogies are parts of human thought. From them, we can acquire new knowledge or change that which already exists in our cognitive structure. In this sense, understanding the analogical reasoning process becomes an essential condition to understand how we learn. Despite the importance of such an understanding, there is no general agreement in…
Aprender del texto: Efectos de la estructura textual y las estrategias del lector

OpenAIRE

McNamara,Danielle S

2004-01-01

La habilidad de los alumnos para comprender los textos difíciles que generalmente se usan en la sala de clases es cuestionable, especialmente cuando se trata de material científico. Esta investigación pretende abordar este problema, observando los efectos de manipular la estructura del texto y de intervenir la estrategia lingüística, determinando cómo esos efectos dependen de diferencias individuales, tales como el conocimiento previo. El propósito de este trabajo es encontrar soluciones real...
Analogical proportions: another logical view

Science.gov (United States)

Prade, Henri; Richard, Gilles

This paper investigates the logical formalization of a restricted form of analogical reasoning based on analogical proportions, i.e. statements of the form a is to b as c is to d. Starting from a naive set theoretic interpretation, we highlight the existence of two noticeable companion proportions: one states that a is to b the converse of what c is to d (reverse analogy), while the other called paralogical proportion expresses that what a and b have in common, c and d have it also. We identify the characteristic postulates of the three types of proportions and examine their consequences from an abstract viewpoint. We further study the properties of the set theoretic interpretation and of the Boolean logic interpretation, and we provide another light on the understanding of the role of permutations in the modeling of the three types of proportions. Finally, we address the use of these proportions as a basis for inference in a propositional setting, and relate it to more general schemes of analogical reasoning. The differences between analogy, reverse-analogy, and paralogy is still emphasized in a three-valued setting, which is also briefly presented.
EFECTOS GENÉTICOS ADITIVOS Y NO ADITIVOS EN CRUCES ROTACIONALES HOLSTEIN×JERSEY Y HOLSTEIN×PARDO SUIZO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Vargas-Leit\\u00F3n

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar el impacto de efectos genéticos aditivos y no aditivos sobre días abie rtos (DA, edad a primer parto (EPP, vida productiva (VP y producción de leche por día (KG en cruces rotacionales Holstein×Jersey (HxJ y Holstein×Pardo Suizo (HxPS. Los datos utilizados se colectaron en fincas lecheras de Costa Rica en el periodo entre 1990 a 2009. Los efectos fueron cuantificados utilizando dos métodos: un modelo estadístico de clasificación racial y un modelo genético de regresión sobre heterocigosidad esperada. Se observaron correlaciones mayores a 0,90 entre los rendimie ntos predichos por ambos métodos. Los porcentajes de heterosis directa para H×J vs. H×PS fueron, respectivamente: -6,4 vs. -2,2 para DA; -2,5 vs. -2,2 para EPP, 4,4 vs. 12,2 para VP, y 3,2 vs. 3,8 para KG. Se gún el modelo genético los efectos aditivos directos fueron significativos (P<0,05 para todos los rasgos excepto VP en H×PS; mie ntras que los efectos aditivos maternos fueron significativos (P<0,05 para VP y KG en ambos cruces rotacionales. La heterosis directa fue significativa (P<0,05 para DA, EPP y KG en H×J; así como EPP, VP y KG en H×PS. La heterosis materna fue significativa (P<0,05 para EPP y KG en H×J y para KG en H×PS. El efecto de recombinación fue significativo (P<0,05 para EPP y KG en H×J; así como para KG en H×PS. En general, tanto los efectos genéticos aditivos como no aditivos juegan un papel importante en estos dos cruces.
Efecto incretina en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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Manuel de Jesús Díaz Pérez

2015-02-01

Full Text Available El efecto incretina está dado por las funciones del polipéptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa y un péptido similar a glucagón sobre la hiperglucemia en el organismo humano. Desde su descubrimiento ha cobrado un papel cada vez más significativo en la elaboración de nuevos fármacos normoglucemiantes, que logren el control metabólico de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar la información sobre el efecto incretina, su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, los fármacos cuyo mecanismo de acción se basa en este fenómeno fisiológico, así como las perspectivas para el futuro inmediato en este tema. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, empleando servicios disponibles desde la red Infomed, específicamente: SciELO, Hinari, PubMed y EBSCO. Se resumen aspectos del sustrato fisiológico y fisiopatológico del efecto incretina y su aplicación en la terapéutica de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, así como los resultados positivos que se han logrado hasta el momento en este campo
El efecto colegio en Colombia: tres décadas de estudio

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Silvio Fernando López Mera

2016-04-01

Full Text Available A partir de las pruebas nacionales Icfes 1980-2009 el presente estudio estima el porcentaje de la variabilidad del logro atribuible al plantel educativo —el efecto colegio— dentro de un análisis multinivel y discriminando por sector educativo. Los resultados sugieren, por un lado que, sin importar la prueba, el efecto colegio público siempre ha sido menor que el efecto colegio privado y que la incidencia en la prueba de matemáticas es siempre mínima; y, por otro que, a partir del 2000, se registra una caída considerable en el coeficiente en ambos sectores y en todas las pruebas y se mantiene en bajos niveles hasta finales de década, lo que indica que el cambio de metodología y de forma efectuado a las pruebas en dicho año modificó la importancia del colegio en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes colombianos. Finalmente, con un análisis intertemporal de los percentiles de los puntajes —algo novedoso en el país—, se encuentra que los colegios privados han estado siempre mejor posicionados que los públicos en todas las pruebas analizadas.
Efectos de la publicidad de productos de alimentación en pacientes ingresadas con TCA

OpenAIRE

Añaños, Elena

2016-01-01

Se estudian los efectos de la publicidad de alimentación, especialmente la relacionada con la estética corporal, en las actitudes y los comportamientos incitados en pacientes ingresadas por TCA. Se analizan las diferencias de los efectos de la publicidad en función de la edad (adolescentes, jóvenes y adultas) y la influencia de la variable enfermedad (anorexia o bulimia).
Analog circuit design art, science and personalities

CERN Document Server

Williams, Jim

1991-01-01

This book is far more than just another tutorial or reference guide - it's a tour through the world of analog design, combining theory and applications with the philosophies behind the design process. Readers will learn how leading analog circuit designers approach problems and how they think about solutions to those problems. They'll also learn about the `analog way' - a broad, flexible method of thinking about analog design tasks.A comprehensive and useful guide to analog theory and applications. Covers visualizing the operation of analog circuits. Looks at how to rap
Resistive RAMs as analog trimming elements

Science.gov (United States)

Aziza, H.; Perez, A.; Portal, J. M.

2018-04-01

This work investigates the use of Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) as an analog trimming device. The analog storage feature of the RRAM cell is evaluated and the ability of the RRAM to hold several resistance states is exploited to propose analog trim elements. To modulate the memory cell resistance, a series of short programming pulses are applied across the RRAM cell allowing a fine calibration of the RRAM resistance. The RRAM non volatility feature makes the analog device powers up already calibrated for the system in which the analog trimmed structure is embedded. To validate the concept, a test structure consisting of a voltage reference is evaluated.
La generatividad como una forma de envejecimiento exitoso. Estudio del efecto mediacional de los vínculos sociales

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Ana V. Arias Orduña

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan los efectos de la generatividad sobre la salud tanto percibida como objetiva, y el posible papel mediador en este modelo, de la estructura de relaciones sociales. En la investigación participaron 168 personas mayores de 60 años (83 hombres y 85 mujeres. Los resultados del estudio muestran efectos directos de la generatividad sobre la salud. Esta influencia persiste incluso cuando se controla el efecto mediador de aspectos estructurales de las relaciones sociales clasificadas según el modelo convoy de relaciones. Adicionalmente, nuestros resultados indican un efecto significativo mediador de la estructura de relaciones sobre el eje generatividad-salud. Sin embargo, este efecto mediador no se produce de forma homogénea y sistemática en los distintos círculos del convoy de relaciones. Nuestros datos se suman al conjunto de resultados previos que apoyan la importancia de la relación entre generatividad y salud pero como novedad aporta el estudio simultáneo de los aspectos estructurales de las redes sociales, y los resultados permiten profundizar en la compresión del modelo generatividad-salud.
Fast multichannel analog storage system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freytag, D.R.

1982-11-01

A Multichannel Analog Storage System based on a commercial 32-channel parallel in/serial out (PISO) analog shift register is described. The basic unit is a single width CAMAC module containing 512 analog cells and the associated logic for data storage and subsequent readout. At sampling rates of up to 30 MHz the signals are strobed directly into the PISO. At higher rates signals are strobed into a fast presampling stage and subsequently transferred in block form into an array of PISO's. Sampling rates of 300 MHz have been achieved with the present device and 1000 MHz are possible with improved signal drivers. The system is well suited for simultaneous handling of many signal channels with moderate numbers of samples in each channel. RMS noise over full scale signal has been measured as 1:3000 (approx. = 11 bit). However, nonlinearities in the response and differences in sensitivity of the analog cells require an elaborate calibration system in order to realize 11 bit accuracy for the analog information
Efecto del montelukast sobre la concentración de mediadores inflamatorios en el modelo de artritis gotosa múrida

OpenAIRE

Ponce, Loida; Bermúdez, Mariangélica; Miranda, Jorgelin; Verzura, Julie; Tovar, Robert; Corado, José

2016-01-01

El tratamiento de la artritis gotosa controla parcialmente la enfermedad con efectos secundarios importantes. El montelukast es un antagonista selectivo de los receptores de leucotrienos LTD4, útil en el tratamiento de rinitis alérgica y asma bronquial. Investigaciones previas han reportado un potente efecto antiinflamatorio de montelukast en el modelo de artritis gotosa múrida. Este estudio investigó el efecto de montelukast sobre la concentración de leucotrienos cisteinil y LTB4, interleuci...

Efecto antiinflamatorio preclínico del polvo seco de Caléndula officinalis

OpenAIRE

Núñez Figueredo, Yanier; Montero Alarcón, Claudia; Agüero Fernández, Sara; Muñoz Cernuda, Adriana

2007-01-01

Para demostrar la actividad antiinflamatoria del polvo seco Caléndula officinalis secado por atomización se emplearon dosis de 50, 150 y 450 mg/Kg y se evaluó el efecto sobre la inflamación aguda provocada por carragenina, dextrán, histamina y serotonina y granuloma inducido por discos de algodón en ratas y edema auricular inducido por aceite de crotón en ratones. El polvo seco mostró efecto inhibitorio sobre los diferentes modelos empleados sin afectar el peso del timo y las glándulas suprar...
Electrical Circuits and Water Analogies

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Frederick A.; Wilson, Jerry D.

1974-01-01

Briefly describes water analogies for electrical circuits and presents plans for the construction of apparatus to demonstrate these analogies. Demonstrations include series circuits, parallel circuits, and capacitors. (GS)
Producing and Recognizing Analogical Relations

Science.gov (United States)

Lipkens, Regina; Hayes, Steven C

2009-01-01

Analogical reasoning is an important component of intelligent behavior, and a key test of any approach to human language and cognition. Only a limited amount of empirical work has been conducted from a behavior analytic point of view, most of that within Relational Frame Theory (RFT), which views analogy as a matter of deriving relations among relations. The present series of four studies expands previous work by exploring the applicability of this model of analogy to topography-based rather than merely selection-based responses and by extending the work into additional relations, including nonsymmetrical ones. In each of the four studies participants pretrained in contextual control over nonarbitrary stimulus relations of sameness and opposition, or of sameness, smaller than, and larger than, learned arbitrary stimulus relations in the presence of these relational cues and derived analogies involving directly trained relations and derived relations of mutual and combinatorial entailment, measured using a variety of productive and selection-based measures. In Experiment 1 participants successfully recognized analogies among stimulus networks containing same and opposite relations; in Experiment 2 analogy was successfully used to extend derived relations to pairs of novel stimuli; in Experiment 3 the procedure used in Experiment 1 was extended to nonsymmetrical comparative relations; in Experiment 4 the procedure used in Experiment 2 was extended to nonsymmetrical comparative relations. Although not every participant showed the effects predicted, overall the procedures occasioned relational responses consistent with an RFT account that have not yet been demonstrated in a behavior-analytic laboratory setting, including productive responding on the basis of analogies. PMID:19230515
Desarrollo de un Efecto de Sonido controlado mediante un acelerómetro

OpenAIRE

Naami, Amnay

2015-01-01

En este TFG se propone un nuevo procedimiento para accionar un efecto de sonido wah-wah basado en el uso de un acelerómetro que detecta el movimiento del pie del músico, sin necesidad de accionar directamente una plataforma. El efecto de sonido estaría formado por el acelerómetro, un circuito de detección de la señal del acelerómetro y generación de una señal de control que actúa sobre un filtro controlado por tensión (VCF) y el propio VCF, cuya frecuencia de corte depende de la señal d...
Challenges in Using Analogies

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Shih-Yin; Singh, Chandralekha

2011-01-01

Learning physics requires understanding the applicability of fundamental principles in a variety of contexts that share deep features. One way to help students learn physics is via analogical reasoning. Students can be taught to make an analogy between situations that are more familiar or easier to understand and another situation where the same…
The Micro-Category Account of Analogy

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Adam E.; Fugelsang, Jonathan A.; Kraemer, David J. M.; Dunbar, Kevin N.

2008-01-01

Here, we investigate how activation of mental representations of categories during analogical reasoning influences subsequent cognitive processing. Specifically, we present and test the central predictions of the "Micro-Category" account of analogy. This account emphasizes the role of categories in aligning terms for analogical mapping. In a…
Priming analogical reasoning with false memories.

Science.gov (United States)

Howe, Mark L; Garner, Sarah R; Threadgold, Emma; Ball, Linden J

2015-08-01

Like true memories, false memories are capable of priming answers to insight-based problems. Recent research has attempted to extend this paradigm to more advanced problem-solving tasks, including those involving verbal analogical reasoning. However, these experiments are constrained inasmuch as problem solutions could be generated via spreading activation mechanisms (much like false memories themselves) rather than using complex reasoning processes. In three experiments we examined false memory priming of complex analogical reasoning tasks in the absence of simple semantic associations. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated the robustness of false memory priming in analogical reasoning when backward associative strength among the problem terms was eliminated. In Experiments 2a and 2b, we extended these findings by demonstrating priming on newly created homonym analogies that can only be solved by inhibiting semantic associations within the analogy. Overall, the findings of the present experiments provide evidence that the efficacy of false memory priming extends to complex analogical reasoning problems.
An emergent approach to analogical inference

Science.gov (United States)

Thibodeau, Paul H.; Flusberg, Stephen J.; Glick, Jeremy J.; Sternberg, Daniel A.

2013-03-01

In recent years, a growing number of researchers have proposed that analogy is a core component of human cognition. According to the dominant theoretical viewpoint, analogical reasoning requires a specific suite of cognitive machinery, including explicitly coded symbolic representations and a mapping or binding mechanism that operates over these representations. Here we offer an alternative approach: we find that analogical inference can emerge naturally and spontaneously from a relatively simple, error-driven learning mechanism without the need to posit any additional analogy-specific machinery. The results also parallel findings from the developmental literature on analogy, demonstrating a shift from an initial reliance on surface feature similarity to the use of relational similarity later in training. Variants of the model allow us to consider and rule out alternative accounts of its performance. We conclude by discussing how these findings can potentially refine our understanding of the processes that are required to perform analogical inference.
Children's analogical reasoning about natural phenomena.

Science.gov (United States)

Pauen, S; Wilkening, F

1997-10-01

This report investigates children's analogical reasoning in a physics task, using an analogy generated by the children rather than by the experimenter. A total of 127 elementary school children took part in three related studies. Children learned to predict the behavior of a balance scale. Later, they were asked to solve a force interaction problem. Two versions of the balance scale training were devised: version A suggested an incorrect solution to the target problem (negative analogy), and version B suggested a correct solution to the target problem (positive analogy). In Study 1, 9- to 10-year-olds showed spontaneous transfer in both training conditions. In Study 2, 7-year-olds did not show any transfer in the positive analogy condition. Study 3 revealed that the lack of transfer in younger children was not due to a failure either to notice the analogy or to perform the mapping. Instead, 7-year-olds transferred only selected aspects of the correct solution. Copyright 1997 Academic Press.
Working memory predicts children's analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Simms, Nina K; Frausel, Rebecca R; Richland, Lindsey E

2018-02-01

Analogical reasoning is the cognitive skill of drawing relationships between representations, often between prior knowledge and new representations, that allows for bootstrapping cognitive and language development. Analogical reasoning proficiency develops substantially during childhood, although the mechanisms underlying this development have been debated, with developing cognitive resources as one proposed mechanism. We explored the role of executive function (EF) in supporting children's analogical reasoning development, with the goal of determining whether predicted aspects of EF were related to analogical development at the level of individual differences. We assessed 5- to 11-year-old children's working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility using measures from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition battery. Individual differences in children's working memory best predicted performance on an analogical mapping task, even when controlling for age, suggesting a fundamental interrelationship between analogical reasoning and working memory development. These findings underscore the need to consider cognitive capacities in comprehensive theories of children's reasoning development. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Process and circuiting arrangement for the conversion of analog signals to digital signals and digital signals to analog signals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wintzer, K.

1977-01-01

Process for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion in telecommunication systems whose outstations each have an analog transmitter and an analog receiver. The invention illustrates a method of reducing the power demand of the converters at times when no conversion processes take place. (RW) [de
Efecto acaricida de una mezcla química

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Egea

2000-02-01

Full Text Available
Introducción: Se investiga el efecto de una nueva mezcla química (ATLASAC para el control de ácaros del polvo doméstico, microorganismos cosmopolitas que conviven con el hombre, reconocidos como importante fuente de alergenos y la principal causa de exacerbación de las enfermedades alérgicas. En el medio ambiente de los hogares colombianos se conoce por reportes científicos la prevalencia de varias especies comunes en otros países: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. Farinae, Blomia tropicales, etc, asociados con asma y/o rinitis. Por todo ello, en el medio ambiente residencial del paciente es importante establecer medidas locativas tendientes a evitar la exposición y el control químico para reducir o eliminar la fuente de alergenos, en especial, los ácaros. Un recurso fácil de aplicar son los acaricidas, los cuales varían en el grado de efectividad y tiempo de protección. En nuestro medio no se tienen productos aprobados como acaricidas. Por tal motivo, esta investigación pretende llenar un vacío en el medio colombiano con una mezcla química con efecto acaricida, en especial sobre aquellos implicados con las enfermedades alérgicas.

Metodología: Se seleccionaron 25 pacientes definidos por historia clínica como alérgicos y 50 voluntarios que por pruebas cutáneas se descartó sensibilización a ácaros. Inmediatamente después del ingreso se hicieron muestreos para determinar la presencia de ácaros del polvo doméstico y fundamentalmente para obtener cultivos puros.

Resultados preliminares: 100 ácaros de
Analogies and the 5E Model

Science.gov (United States)

Orgill, Mary Kay; Thomas, Megan

2007-01-01

Science classes are full of abstract or challenging concepts that are easier to understand if an analogy is used to illustrate the points. Effective analogies motivate students, clarify students' thinking, help students overcome misconceptions, and give students ways to visualize abstract concepts. When they are used appropriately, analogies can…
How Analogy Drives Physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hofstadter, Doug

2004-01-01

Many new ideas in theoretical physics come from analogies to older ideas in physics. For instance, the abstract notion of 'isospin' (or isotopic spin) originated in the prior concept of 'spin' (quantized angular momentum); likewise, the concept of 'phonon' (quantum of sound, or quantized collective excitation of a crystal) was based on the prior concept of 'photon' (quantum of light, or quantized element of the electromagnetic field). But these two examples, far from being exceptions, in fact represent the bread and butter of inventive thinking in physics. In a nutshell, intraphysics analogy-making -- borrowing by analogy with something already known in another area of physics -- is central to the progress of physics. The aim of this talk is to reveal the pervasiveness -- indeed, the indispensability -- of this kind of semi-irrational, wholly intuitive type of thinking (as opposed to more deductive mathematical inference) in the mental activity known as 'doing physics'. Speculations as to why wild analogical leaps are so crucial to the act of discovery in physics (as opposed to other disciplines) will be offered.
Efecto del burnout y la sobrecarga en la calidad de vida en el trabajo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juana Patlán Pérez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El síndrome de burnout se presenta con frecuencia en trabajadores que tienen contacto con usuarios o clientes. El artículo tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto del burnout y la sobrecarga en la calidad de vida en el trabajo en personal de un instituto de salud en México. La metodología de investigación fue expostfacto y descriptiva con una muestra estratificada de 673 trabajadores. Se utilizaron 4 escalas para medir sobrecarga de trabajo, burnout y 2 factores de calidad de vida en el trabajo: conflicto trabajo-familia y satisfacción laboral. Los resultados indican un efecto positivo y significativo de la sobrecarga en el burnout y el conflicto trabajo-familia, y un efecto negativo de la sobrecarga en la satisfacción laboral. Además, el burnout está asociado de forma positiva al conflicto trabajo-familia y negativa a la satisfacción laboral.
Component Processes in Analogical Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Sternberg, Robert J.

1977-01-01

Describes alternative theoretical positions regarding (a) the component information processes used in analogical reasoning and (b) strategies for combining these processes. Also presents results from three experiments on analogical reasoning. (Author/RK)
Is the link from working memory to analogy causal? No analogy improvements following working memory training gains.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J Elizabeth Richey

Full Text Available Analogical reasoning has been hypothesized to critically depend upon working memory through correlational data, but less work has tested this relationship through experimental manipulation. An opportunity for examining the connection between working memory and analogical reasoning has emerged from the growing, although somewhat controversial, body of literature suggests complex working memory training can sometimes lead to working memory improvements that transfer to novel working memory tasks. This study investigated whether working memory improvements, if replicated, would increase analogical reasoning ability. We assessed participants' performance on verbal and visual analogy tasks after a complex working memory training program incorporating verbal and spatial tasks. Participants' improvements on the working memory training tasks transferred to other short-term and working memory tasks, supporting the possibility of broad effects of working memory training. However, we found no effects on analogical reasoning. We propose several possible explanations for the lack of an impact of working memory improvements on analogical reasoning.
Is the link from working memory to analogy causal? No analogy improvements following working memory training gains.

Science.gov (United States)

Richey, J Elizabeth; Phillips, Jeffrey S; Schunn, Christian D; Schneider, Walter

2014-01-01

Analogical reasoning has been hypothesized to critically depend upon working memory through correlational data, but less work has tested this relationship through experimental manipulation. An opportunity for examining the connection between working memory and analogical reasoning has emerged from the growing, although somewhat controversial, body of literature suggests complex working memory training can sometimes lead to working memory improvements that transfer to novel working memory tasks. This study investigated whether working memory improvements, if replicated, would increase analogical reasoning ability. We assessed participants' performance on verbal and visual analogy tasks after a complex working memory training program incorporating verbal and spatial tasks. Participants' improvements on the working memory training tasks transferred to other short-term and working memory tasks, supporting the possibility of broad effects of working memory training. However, we found no effects on analogical reasoning. We propose several possible explanations for the lack of an impact of working memory improvements on analogical reasoning.
Is the Link from Working Memory to Analogy Causal? No Analogy Improvements following Working Memory Training Gains

Science.gov (United States)

Richey, J. Elizabeth; Phillips, Jeffrey S.; Schunn, Christian D.; Schneider, Walter

2014-01-01

Analogical reasoning has been hypothesized to critically depend upon working memory through correlational data [1], but less work has tested this relationship through experimental manipulation [2]. An opportunity for examining the connection between working memory and analogical reasoning has emerged from the growing, although somewhat controversial, body of literature suggests complex working memory training can sometimes lead to working memory improvements that transfer to novel working memory tasks. This study investigated whether working memory improvements, if replicated, would increase analogical reasoning ability. We assessed participants’ performance on verbal and visual analogy tasks after a complex working memory training program incorporating verbal and spatial tasks [3], [4]. Participants’ improvements on the working memory training tasks transferred to other short-term and working memory tasks, supporting the possibility of broad effects of working memory training. However, we found no effects on analogical reasoning. We propose several possible explanations for the lack of an impact of working memory improvements on analogical reasoning. PMID:25188356
Beginning analog electronics through projects

CERN Document Server

Singmin, Andrew

2001-01-01

Analog electronics is the simplest way to start a fun, informative, learning program. Beginning Analog Electronics Through Projects, Second Edition was written with the needs of beginning hobbyists and students in mind. This revision of Andrew Singmin's popular Beginning Electronics Through Projects provides practical exercises, building techniques, and ideas for useful electronics projects. Additionally, it features new material on analog and digital electronics, and new projects for troubleshooting test equipment.Published in the tradition of Beginning Electronics Through Projects an

Efectos de la maprotilina sobre la evitacion inhibidora en ratones machos y hembras

OpenAIRE

Martos Mula, Ana Josefa

2002-01-01

RESUMEN Los antidepresivos constituyen un grupo de psicofármacos que son consumidos a gran escala debido a su uso en la depresión mayor, trastornos crónicos de ansiedad, y en otros cuadros clínicos. No obstante, muchos antidepresivos, aparte de su efecto terapéutico, también tienen efectos colaterales adversos sobre la memoria. A esto, hay que sumarle el hecho de que algunos trastornos (p.e. la depresión) por sí mismos también pueden producir daños en las funciones cognitivas. Por este mot...
El "efecto calendario" y la especificación de un modelo de series de tiempo para la demanda de electricidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elkin Castaño

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Muchas de las series de tiempo tratadas en la práctica son observadas mensualmente y debido a que el número de veces que cada día de la semana ocurre varía con el mes, la serie puede estar afectada por la variación en los días comerciales.Algunas de estas series también pueden estar influenciadas por otros efectos de calendario tales como la Semana Santa y días de fiesta. El presente documento presenta una aplicación del método de Bell y Hillmer, basado en funciones de transferencia, para modelar los efectos por variaciones en los días comerciales y el efecto de la Semana Santa y el empleo del análisis de observaciones atípicas para detectar efectos calendario en la serie de demanda de energía eléctrica de las Empresas Públicas de Medellín. Se comparan los resultados con los del modelo que no considera dichos efectos.
EFECTOS DEL MEDIO Y LA HERENCIA SOBRE EL PESO AL DESTETE DE TERNEROS DE LA RAZA ROMOSINUANO

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Gustavo Ossa S

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Fueron analizados 1877 datos del peso al destete de terneros de la raza Romosinuano, relativos al período1980 a 2001. El peso medio al destete fue de 182,88 ± 0,67 kg, con una desviación estándar de 29,35kg y un coeficiente de variación del 16,02%. Los efectos del año, mes de nacimiento, el número del partoy el sexo del ternero, influyeron significativamente en el peso al destete. La heredabilidad estimada parael peso al destete según el efecto directo fue de 0,14 ± 0,05 y para el efecto materno fue de 0,12 ± 0,03.
Efecto magnetocalórico en aleaciones ferromagnéticas con memoria de forma monocristalinas de NiFeCoGa.

OpenAIRE

Vázquez Risco, Alain

2017-01-01

Este trabajo se centrará en el estudio del efecto magnetocalórico de una aleación monocristalina ferromagnética de composición Ni-Fe-Co-Ga. Este tipo de material entra dentro de las denominadas aleaciones con memoria de forma o SMA (Shape Memory Alloys). Estas aleaciones presentan los efectos de memoria de forma de las propias SMA y otras características como las uperelasticidad, los efectos magnetocalóricos directo e inverso. El interés de estos materiales se debe a que pued...
Analog circuit design art, science, and personalities

CERN Document Server

Williams, Jim

1991-01-01

Analog Circuit Design: Art, Science, and Personalities discusses the many approaches and styles in the practice of analog circuit design. The book is written in an informal yet informative manner, making it easily understandable to those new in the field. The selection covers the definition, history, current practice, and future direction of analog design; the practice proper; and the styles in analog circuit design. The book also includes the problems usually encountered in analog circuit design; approach to feedback loop design; and other different techniques and applications. The text is
A Póetica da obra Efecto Mariposa

OpenAIRE

Witt - Universidade de Brasília, Anelise

2016-01-01

Este artigo busca discutir conceitos emergentes da instalação interativa Efecto Mariposa de Patrício Gonzalez. É através dos estudos dos semioticistas Iuri Lótman e Irene Machado, e do pesquisador em arte e tecnologia, Milton Sogabe que este texto se desenvolve. O conceito de “explosão” elaborado por Lótman, bem como o de falsa interface de Sogabe são norteadores para a análise da obra de Gonzalez.
Synthetic Analogs of Phospholipid Metabolites as Antimalarials.

Science.gov (United States)

1979-07-01

phosphatidic acid analogs containing ether and phosphonate groups; completely non- hydrolyzable lecithin analogs containing phosphinate and ether groups...substance is a completely non- hydrolyzable analog of lecithin containing ether and phosphonate moieties instead of the normally labile carboxylic and...and also ant-i-phospholipase C (clostridial enzyme) activity. This substance Is a completely non- hydrolyzable analog of lecithin containing ether
FGF growth factor analogs

Science.gov (United States)

Zamora, Paul O [Gaithersburg, MD; Pena, Louis A [Poquott, NY; Lin, Xinhua [Plainview, NY; Takahashi, Kazuyuki [Germantown, MD

2012-07-24

The present invention provides a fibroblast growth factor heparin-binding analog of the formula: ##STR00001## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, X, Y and Z are as defined, pharmaceutical compositions, coating compositions and medical devices including the fibroblast growth factor heparin-binding analog of the foregoing formula, and methods and uses thereof.
Efecto ansiolítico de la Estimulación Cerebral Profunda a corto plazo en animales de experimentación

OpenAIRE

Ardaya Franco, María Isabel

2016-01-01

Para solventar las limitaciones del tratamiento actual con respecto a la Depresión Mayor Resistente (DMR), se investigan estrategias terapéuticas alternativas. De entre ellas, la Estimulación Cerebral Profunda (ECP) muestra resultados muy prometedores. A partir de los estudios llevados a cabo queremos conocer si la ECP, además del efecto antidepresivo, puede inducir efecto ansiolítico en animales de experimentación a corto plazo. Método: Para evaluar el efecto ansiolítico de la...
Structure problems in the analog computation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braffort, P.L.

1957-01-01

The recent mathematical development showed the importance of elementary structures (algebraic, topological, etc.) in abeyance under the great domains of classical analysis. Such structures in analog computation are put in evidence and possible development of applied mathematics are discussed. It also studied the topological structures of the standard representation of analog schemes such as additional triangles, integrators, phase inverters and functions generators. The analog method gives only the function of the variable: time, as results of its computations. But the course of computation, for systems including reactive circuits, introduces order structures which are called 'chronological'. Finally, it showed that the approximation methods of ordinary numerical and digital computation present the same structure as these analog computation. The structure analysis permits fruitful comparisons between the several domains of applied mathematics and suggests new important domains of application for analog method. (M.P.)
Efecto de la urea sobre la viscosidad de soluciones acuosas de aminoácidos

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Carmen María Romero

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Se midió a 25.0° la viscosidad de soluciones de glicina, dl-alanina, norvalina, dlvalina, norleucina y 1-leucina usando como solventes soluciones acuosas de urea 0.5 y 2.0 M. Los valores obtenidos para los coeficientes B de viscosidad muestran que aún a bajas concentraciones la urea ejerce un efecto disruptor sobre la estructura del agua y sugieren que a- aminoácidos con más de 4 carbonos en el grupo apolar pueden presentar efectos de doblez de cadena por interacciones hidrofóbicas.
Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz

OpenAIRE

Furcal-Beriguete, Parménides; Herrera-Barrantes, Alejandra

2013-01-01

Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, ...
Molecular modeling of fentanyl analogs

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LJILJANA DOSEN-MICOVIC

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Fentanyl is a highly potent and clinically widely used narcotic analgesic. A large number of its analogs have been synthesized, some of which (sufentanil and alfentanyl are also in clinical use. Theoretical studies, in recent years, afforded a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of this class of opiates and allowed insight into the molecular mechanism of the interactions of fentanyl analogs with their receptors. An overview of the current computational techniques for modeling fentanyl analogs, their receptors and ligand-receptor interactions is presented in this paper.
Terrestrial Analogs to Mars

Science.gov (United States)

Farr, T. G.; Arcone, S.; Arvidson, R. W.; Baker, V.; Barlow, N. G.; Beaty, D.; Bell, M. S.; Blankenship, D. D.; Bridges, N.; Briggs, G.; Bulmer, M.; Carsey, F.; Clifford, S. M.; Craddock, R. A.; Dickerson, P. W.; Duxbury, N.; Galford, G. L.; Garvin, J.; Grant, J.; Green, J. R.; Gregg, T. K. P.; Guinness, E.; Hansen, V. L.; Hecht, M. H.; Holt, J.; Howard, A.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Lee, P.; Lanagan, P. D.; Lentz, R. C. F.; Leverington, D. W.; Marinangeli, L.; Moersch, J. E.; Morris-Smith, P. A.; Mouginis-Mark, P.; Olhoeft, G. R.; Ori, G. G.; Paillou, P.; Reilly, J. F., II; Rice, J. W., Jr.; Robinson, C. A.; Sheridan, M.; Snook, K.; Thomson, B. J.; Watson, K.; Williams, K.; Yoshikawa, K.

2002-08-01

It is well recognized that interpretations of Mars must begin with the Earth as a reference. The most successful comparisons have focused on understanding geologic processes on the Earth well enough to extrapolate to Mars' environment. Several facets of terrestrial analog studies have been pursued and are continuing. These studies include field workshops, characterization of terrestrial analog sites, instrument tests, laboratory measurements (including analysis of Martian meteorites), and computer and laboratory modeling. The combination of all these activities allows scientists to constrain the processes operating in specific terrestrial environments and extrapolate how similar processes could affect Mars. The Terrestrial Analogs for Mars Community Panel has considered the following two key questions: (1) How do terrestrial analog studies tie in to the Mars Exploration Payload Assessment Group science questions about life, past climate, and geologic evolution of Mars, and (2) How can future instrumentation be used to address these questions. The panel has considered the issues of data collection, value of field workshops, data archiving, laboratory measurements and modeling, human exploration issues, association with other areas of solar system exploration, and education and public outreach activities.
Expert analogy use in a naturalistic setting

Science.gov (United States)

Kretz, Donald R.; Krawczyk, Daniel C.

2014-01-01

The use of analogy is an important component of human cognition. The type of analogy we produce and communicate depends heavily on a number of factors, such as the setting, the level of domain expertise present, and the speaker's goal or intent. In this observational study, we recorded economics experts during scientific discussion and examined the categorical distance and structural depth of the analogies they produced. We also sought to characterize the purpose of the analogies that were generated. Our results supported previous conclusions about the infrequency of superficial similarity in subject-generated analogs, but also showed that distance and depth characteristics were more evenly balanced than in previous observational studies. This finding was likely due to the nature of the goals of the participants, as well as the broader nature of their expertise. An analysis of analogical purpose indicated that the generation of concrete source examples of more general target concepts was most prevalent. We also noted frequent instances of analogies intended to form visual images of source concepts. Other common purposes for analogies were the addition of colorful speech, inclusion (i.e., subsumption) of a target into a source concept, or differentiation between source and target concepts. We found no association between depth and either of the other two characteristics, but our findings suggest a relationship between purpose and distance; i.e., that visual imagery typically entailed an outside-domain source whereas exemplification was most frequently accomplished using within-domain analogies. Overall, we observed a rich and diverse set of spontaneously produced analogical comparisons. The high degree of expertise within the observed group along with the richly comparative nature of the economics discipline likely contributed to this analogical abundance. PMID:25505437
Expert Analogy Use in a Naturalistic Setting

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Donald R Kretz

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The use of analogy is an important component of human cognition. The type of analogy we produce and communicate depends heavily on a number of factors, such as the setting, the level of domain expertise present, and the speaker’s goal or intent. In this observational study, we recorded economics experts during scientific discussion and examined the categorical distance and structural depth of the analogies they produced. We also sought to characterize the purpose of the analogies that were generated. Our results supported previous conclusions about the infrequency of superficial similarity in subject-generated analogs, but also showed that distance and depth characteristics were more evenly balanced than in previous observational studies. This finding was likely due to the nature of the goals of the participants, as well as the broader nature of their expertise. An analysis of analogical purpose indicated that the generation of concrete source examples of more general target concepts was most prevalent. We also noted frequent instances of analogies intended to form visual images of source concepts. Other common purposes for analogies were the addition of colorful speech, inclusion (i.e., subsumption of a target into a source concept, or differentiation between source and target concepts. We found no association between depth and either of the other two characteristics, but our findings suggest a relationship between purpose and distance; i.e., that visual imagery typically entailed an outside-domain source whereas exemplification was most frequently accomplished using within-domain analogies. Overall, we observed a rich and diverse set of spontaneously produced analogical comparisons. The high degree of expertise within the observed group along with the richly comparative nature of the economics discipline likely contributed to this analogical abundance.
A bilateral frontoparietal network underlies visuospatial analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, Christine E; Chatterjee, Anjan

2012-02-01

Our ability to reason by analogy facilitates problem solving and allows us to communicate ideas efficiently. In this study, we examined the neural correlates of analogical reasoning and, more specifically, the contribution of rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) to reasoning. This area of the brain has been hypothesized to integrate relational information, as in analogy, or the outcomes of subgoals, as in multi-tasking and complex problem solving. Using fMRI, we compared visuospatial analogical reasoning to a control task that was as complex and difficult as the analogies and required the coordination of subgoals but not the integration of relations. We found that analogical reasoning more strongly activated bilateral RLPFC, suggesting that anterior prefrontal cortex is preferentially recruited by the integration of relational knowledge. Consistent with the need for inhibition during analogy, bilateral, and particularly right, inferior frontal gyri were also more active during analogy. Finally, greater activity in bilateral inferior parietal cortex during the analogy task is consistent with recent evidence for the neural basis of spatial relation knowledge. Together, these findings indicate that a network of frontoparietal areas underlies analogical reasoning; we also suggest that hemispheric differences may emerge depending on the visuospatial or verbal/semantic nature of the analogies. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Neural correlates of creativity in analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Adam E; Kraemer, David J M; Fugelsang, Jonathan A; Gray, Jeremy R; Dunbar, Kevin N

2012-03-01

Brain-based evidence has implicated the frontal pole of the brain as important for analogical mapping. Separately, cognitive research has identified semantic distance as a key determinant of the creativity of analogical mapping (i.e., more distant analogies are generally more creative). Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain activity during an analogy generation task in which we varied the semantic distance of analogical mapping (as derived quantitatively from a latent semantic analysis). Data indicated that activity within an a priori region of interest in left frontopolar cortex covaried parametrically with increasing semantic distance, even after removing effects of task difficulty. Results implicate increased recruitment of frontopolar cortex as a mechanism for integrating semantically distant information to generate solutions in creative analogical reasoning. 2012 APA, all rights reserved
Using Visual Analogies To Teach Introductory Statistical Concepts

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Jessica S. Ancker

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Introductory statistical concepts are some of the most challenging to convey in quantitative literacy courses. Analogies supplemented by visual illustrations can be highly effective teaching tools. This literature review shows that to exploit the power of analogies, teachers must select analogies familiar to the audience, explicitly link the analog with the target concept, and avert misconceptions by explaining where the analogy fails. We provide guidance for instructors and a series of visual analogies for use in teaching medical and health statistics.
Efecto del aceite esencial de Cymbopogon citratus sobre propiedades fisicoquímicas en películas de quitosano

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María del Carmen Vázquez - Briones

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se investigó el efecto de la incorporación de aceite esencial de zacate limón ( Cymbopogon citratus , en concentraciones de 0, 200 y 400 ppm, en las propiedades fisicoquímicas (espesor, humedad, solubilidad, permeabilidad al vapor de agua, color, transparencia y mecánicas (resistencia a la tensión y elongación de películas de quitosano a dos concentraciones (1 y 3%. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,05 en los valores del espesor de las películas a las dos concentraciones de quitosano. Se observó un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,05 en los valores de humedad a concentraciones de 0, 200 y 400 ppm de aceite esencial. La adición de aceite esencial en películas de quitosano mostró un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,05 en los valores de permeabili dad al vapor de agua. La concentración de quitosano mostró un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,05 en transparencia y en los parámetros de color L* , a* , b* . Al variar la concentración de quitosano se observó un incremento significativo (p ≤ 0,05 en los valores de resistencia a la tensión de las películas de quitosano.

El efecto de las remesas familiares en el bienestar de los hogares guatemaltecos

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Sibyl Italia Pineda Salazar

2008-08-01

Full Text Available EL PRESENTE ESTUDIO TIENE COMO OBJETIVO MEDIR EL EFECTO QUE HAN tenido las remesas familiares en el bienestar de los hogares guatemaltecos. El análisis se realizó a través de los datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INEen su Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI del año 2006.Para determinar el efecto que tienen estos flujos, se aplicó un modelo econométrico1 planteado por Adams (2004 que utiliza el Agregado de Consumo como medida de bienestar.En base a las estimaciones derivadas, se logró determinar que las remesas familiares han generado una disminución en la incidencia, la brecha y severidad de la pobreza en el país. Asimismo, se estimó que estos flujos son fundamentales para financiar los servicios educativos y atención en salud de los hogares receptores. Por lo tanto, las remesas recibidas por los hogares guatemaltecos nosolamente tienen un efecto positivo en el bienestar desde la perspectiva del gasto, sino que también generan retornos sobre la inversión en capital humano.
CMOS analog circuit design

CERN Document Server

Allen, Phillip E

1987-01-01

This text presents the principles and techniques for designing analog circuits to be implemented in a CMOS technology. The level is appropriate for seniors and graduate students familiar with basic electronics, including biasing, modeling, circuit analysis, and some familiarity with frequency response. Students learn the methodology of analog integrated circuit design through a hierarchically-oriented approach to the subject that provides thorough background and practical guidance for designing CMOS analog circuits, including modeling, simulation, and testing. The authors' vast industrial experience and knowledge is reflected in the circuits, techniques, and principles presented. They even identify the many common pitfalls that lie in the path of the beginning designer--expert advice from veteran designers. The text mixes the academic and practical viewpoints in a treatment that is neither superficial nor overly detailed, providing the perfect balance.
Efectos de la cocaína y del tolueno sobre la neurogénesis en el hipocampo de rata

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Escribà, Laura

2009-01-01

En el presente proyecto se estudió el efecto de dos drogas adictivas, el tolueno y la cocaína, sobre la neurogénesis hipocámpica. Los experimentos diseñados para ambas drogas, abordaron el estudio de la neurogénesis, a través de la medida de proliferación, supervivencia, diferenciación y migración. Además se analizó el efecto ultraestructural que ambas drogas causan sobre el giro dentado. De forma más exhaustiva, se estudió el efecto producido por una administración crónica ...
Frontopolar cortex mediates abstract integration in analogy.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Adam E; Fugelsang, Jonathan A; Kraemer, David J M; Shamosh, Noah A; Dunbar, Kevin N

2006-06-22

Integration of abstractly similar relations during analogical reasoning was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activation elicited by an analogical reasoning task that required both complex working memory and integration of abstractly similar relations was compared to activation elicited by a non-analogical task that required complex working memory in the absence of abstract relational integration. A left-sided region of the frontal pole of the brain (BA 9/10) was selectively active for the abstract relational integration component of analogical reasoning. Analogical reasoning also engaged a left-sided network of parieto-frontal regions. Activity in this network during analogical reasoning is hypothesized to reflect categorical alignment of individual component terms that make up analogies. This parieto-frontal network was also engaged by the complex control task, which involved explicit categorization, but not by a simpler control task, which did not involve categorization. We hypothesize that frontopolar cortex mediates abstract relational integration in complex reasoning while parieto-frontal regions mediate working memory processes, including manipulation of terms for the purpose of categorical alignment, that facilitate this integration.
The force of dissimilar analogies in bioethics.

Science.gov (United States)

Mertes, Heidi; Pennings, Guido

2011-04-01

Although analogical reasoning has long been a popular method of reasoning in bioethics, current literature does not sufficiently grasp its variety. We assert that the main shortcoming is the fact that an analogy's value is often judged on the extent of similarity between the source situation and the target situation, while in (bio)ethics, analogies are often used because of certain dissimilarities rather than in spite of them. We make a clear distinction between dissimilarities that aim to reinforce a similar approach in the source situation and the target situation and dissimilarities that aim to undermine or denounce a similar approach. The former kind of dissimilarity offers the analogy more normative force than if there were no dissimilarities present; this is often overlooked by authors who regard all relevant dissimilarities as detrimental to the analogy's strength. Another observation is that an evaluation of the normative force of an analogy cannot be made independently of moral principles or theories. Without these, one cannot select which elements in an analogy are morally relevant nor determine how they should be interpreted.
Efectos de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud: una introducción

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Ballester Díez Ferran

1999-01-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años ha habido un gran avance en el conocimiento y comprensión de los efectos de la contaminación atmosférica. En este trabajo se establecen sus conceptos fundamentales y se revisan las diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas posibles. Entre los estudios epidemiológicos, los de series temporales son los más utilizados para medir los efectos a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica. Los factores de confusión más importantes en este tipo de estudios son las variaciones estacionales y semanales, la tendencia, las variables meteorológicas y las enfermedades graves con un comportamiento estacional, como la gripe. Los principales efectos a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud van desde un aumento de la mortalidad total y por causas respiratorias y cardiovasculares a las alteraciones del funcionalismo pulmonar y otros síntomas, pasando por un incremento en el número de visitas médicas e ingresos hospitalarios. A pesar de existir un amplio consenso en cuanto al efecto nocivo de la contaminación atmosférica, existen una serie de cuestiones que necesitan de mayor investigación.
Anti-Plasmodium activity of ceramide analogs

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Gatt Shimon

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Sphingolipids are key molecules regulating many essential functions in eukaryotic cells and ceramide plays a central role in sphingolipid metabolism. A sphingolipid metabolism occurs in the intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and is associated with essential biological processes. It constitutes an attractive and potential target for the development of new antimalarial drugs. Methods The anti-Plasmodium activity of a series of ceramide analogs containing different linkages (amide, methylene or thiourea linkages between the fatty acid part of ceramide and the sphingoid core was investigated in culture and compared to the sphingolipid analog PPMP (d,1-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol. This analog is known to inhibit the parasite sphingomyelin synthase activity and block parasite development by preventing the formation of the tubovesicular network that extends from the parasitophorous vacuole to the red cell membrane and delivers essential extracellular nutrients to the parasite. Results Analogs containing methylene linkage showed a considerably higher anti-Plasmodium activity (IC50 in the low nanomolar range than PPMP and their counterparts with a natural amide linkage (IC50 in the micromolar range. The methylene analogs blocked irreversibly P. falciparum development leading to parasite eradication in contrast to PPMP whose effect is cytostatic. A high sensitivity of action towards the parasite was observed when compared to their effect on the human MRC-5 cell growth. The toxicity towards parasites did not correlate with the inhibition by methylene analogs of the parasite sphingomyelin synthase activity and the tubovesicular network formation, indicating that this enzyme is not their primary target. Conclusions It has been shown that ceramide analogs were potent inhibitors of P. falciparum growth in culture. Interestingly, the nature of the linkage between the fatty acid part and the
The future of vitamin D analogs

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Carlien eLeyssens

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is a major regulator of bone and calcium homeostasis. In addition, this hormone also inhibits the proliferation and stimulates the differentiation of normal as well as malignant cells. Supraphysiological doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are required to reduce cancer cell proliferation. However, these doses will lead in vivo to calcemic side effects such as hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. During the last 25 years, many structural analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have been synthesized by the introduction of chemical modifications in the A-ring, central CD-ring region or side chain of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the hope to find molecules with a clear dissociation between the beneficial antiproliferative effects and adverse calcemic side effects. One example of such an analog with a good dissociation ratio is calcipotriol (DaivonexR, which is clinically used to treat the hyperproliferative skin disease psoriasis. Other vitamin D analogs were clinically approved for the treatment of osteoporosis or secondary hyperparathyroidism. No vitamin D analog is currently used in the clinic for the treatment of cancer although several analogs have been shown to be potent drugs in animal models of cancer. Omics studies as well as in vitro cell biological experiments unraveled basic mechanisms involved in the antineoplastic effects of vitamin D and its analogs. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and analogs act in a cell type- and tissue-specific manner. Moreover, a blockade in the transition of the G0/1 towards S phase of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of migration and invasion of tumor cells together with effects on angiogenesis and inflammation have been implicated in the pleiotropic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs. In this review we will give an overview of the action of vitamin D analogs in tumor cells and look forward how these compounds could be introduced in the
El efecto de rebote y la expresión oral en inglés

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Ulises Escalona Sánchez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la formación de la habilidad de expresión oral en inglés en estudiantes de preuniversitario, con énfasis en las potencialidades del efecto de rebote de la categoría evaluación dadas sus implicaciones en tal proceso. Primeramente, se abordó la mencionada habilidad comunicativa. Luego, se trata la categoría evaluación vista como un proceso donde su efecto de rebote juega un rol trascendental al estimular a los estudiantes hacia el aprendizaje de la expresión oral en la lengua extranjera. Para realizar este trabajo se tuvo en cuenta categorías clave como competencia comunicativa, expresión oral, evaluación y efecto de rebote, con una mirada desde las diferentes ciencias relacionadas con las mismas. Finalmente, se abogó por una reconceptualización teórica de estas categorías y su profundo conocimiento y sistematización por parte del profesor de Inglés para lograr una mejor comunicación oral en los estudiantes.
Acuerdos conjuntos: Efectos de su aplicación en Colombia

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Zuray Andrea Melgarejo Molina

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Actualmente el país se encuentra en un momento de convergencia hacia las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera - NIIF, en esa medida este trabajo pretende describir y examinar los negocios conjuntos y las operaciones conjuntas a la luz de tales normas, para ello se llevará a cabo una revisión de los diversos estándares bajo las NIIF Plenas y las NIIF para Pymes tocantes a esta clase de alianzas estratégicas. De dicho estudio se identificarán algunos impactos en la aplicación local de los criterios establecidos para las inversiones en negocios conjuntos bajo los estándares internacionales detectando algunos efectos generales de su aplicación en las empresas colombianas. Por último, se mostrará un caso particular de acuerdo conjunto denominado Joint Venture, vislumbrando los efectos concernientes a la tenencia de este tipo de contrato dentro de una organización.
Estimación del efecto colegio en Colombia: 1980-2009

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SILVIO FERNANDO LÓPEZ MERA

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de los resultados de los exámenes de Estado de la educación media en Colombia (ICFES en el periodo 1980-2009, el estudio estima dentro de un análisis multinivel, el efecto colegio por sector educativo y para tres pruebas (total, lenguaje y matemáticas. Los resultados sugieren que independientemente de la prueba, el efecto colegio público siempre ha sido menor que el privado y que la incidencia en la prueba de matemáticas es siempre mínima. Igualmente, que a partir del 2000 se registra una caída considerable en el coeficiente, lo cual puede estar relacionado con el cambio de las pruebas en dicho año. Finalmente, con un análisis intertemporal de los percentiles de los puntajes, se encuentra que los colegios privados tradicionalmente han estado mejor posicionados en las pruebas que los públicos.
Enhancing programming logic thinking using analogy mapping

Science.gov (United States)

Sukamto, R. A.; Megasari, R.

2018-05-01

Programming logic thinking is the most important competence for computer science students. However, programming is one of the difficult subject in computer science program. This paper reports our work about enhancing students' programming logic thinking using Analogy Mapping for basic programming subject. Analogy Mapping is a computer application which converts source code into analogies images. This research used time series evaluation and the result showed that Analogy Mapping can enhance students' programming logic thinking.
EFECTOS ENTRENAMIENTO INTERVÁLICO DE MÁXIMA INTENSIDAD EN HIPOXIA (EIMIH SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Camacho-Cardenosa

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Tradicionalmente, el entrenamiento en altura ha sido utilizado para mejorar el rendimiento de los deportistas. Con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías que permiten simular situaciones de altitud en cualquier parte del mundo, se han empezado a estudiar los efectos de la exposición a la misma en combinación con otros métodos de entrenamiento, por ejemplo, el entrenamiento interválico de máxima intensidad (Czuba et al. 2013 Por otra parte, recientemente se han llevado a cabo otros estudios que analizaron los efectos del estímulo hipóxico sobre los cambios en la composición corporal (Kaiser & Verges, 2013.Objetivo: Combinar entrenamiento en altitud simulada y entrenamiento de máxima intensidad para analizar los efectos sobre la composición corporal en sujetos activos.
Gemini analogs of vitamin D.

Science.gov (United States)

Pazos, Gonzalo; Rivadulla, Marcos L; Pérez-García, Xenxo; Gandara, Zoila; Pérez, Manuel

2014-01-01

The Gemini analogs are the last significant contribution to the family of vitamin D derivatives in medicine, for the treatment of cancer. The first Gemini analog was characterized by two symmetric side chains at C-20. Following numerous modifications, the most active analog bears a C-23-triple bond, C-26, 27- hexafluoro substituents on one side chain and a terminal trideuteromethylhydroxy group on the other side chain. This progression was possible due to improvements in the synthetic methods for the preparation of these derivatives, which allowed for increasing molecular complexity and complete diastereoselective control at C-20 and the substituted sidechains.
A fast multichannel analog storage system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freytag, D.R.

1983-01-01

A Multichannel Analog Storage System based on a commercial 32-channel parallel in/serial out (PISO) analog shift register is described. The basic unit is a single width CAMAC module containing 512 analog cells and the associated logic for data storage and subsequent readout. At sampling rates of up to 30 MHz the signals are strobed directly into the PISO. At higher rates signals are strobed into a fast presampling stage and subsequently transferred in block form into an array of PISO's. Sampling rates of 300 MHz have been achieved with the present device and 1000 MHz are possible with improved signal drivers. The system is well suited for simultaneous handling of many signal channels with moderate numbers of samples in each channel. RMS noise over full scale signal has been measured as 1:3000 (approx. =11 bit). However, nonlinearities in the response and differences in sensitivity of the analog cells require an elaborate calibration system in order to realize 11 bit accuracy for the analog information
Atheism and Analogy: Aquinas Against the Atheists

OpenAIRE

Linford, Daniel J.

2014-01-01

In the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas developed two models for how humans may speak of God - either by the analogy of proportion or by the analogy of proportionality. Aquinas's doctrines initiated a theological debate concerning analogy that spanned several centuries. In the 18th century, there appeared two closely related arguments for atheism which both utilized analogy for their own purposes. In this thesis, I show that one argument, articulated by the French materialist Paul-Henri Thiry Bar...
Analog filters in nanometer CMOS

CERN Document Server

Uhrmann, Heimo; Zimmermann, Horst

2014-01-01

Starting from the basics of analog filters and the poor transistor characteristics in nanometer CMOS 10 high-performance analog filters developed by the authors in 120 nm and 65 nm CMOS are described extensively. Among them are gm-C filters, current-mode filters, and active filters for system-on-chip realization for Bluetooth, WCDMA, UWB, DVB-H, and LTE applications. For the active filters several operational amplifier designs are described. The book, furthermore, contains a review of the newest state of research on low-voltage low-power analog filters. To cover the topic of the book comprehensively, linearization issues and measurement methods for the characterization of advanced analog filters are introduced in addition. Numerous elaborate illustrations promote an easy comprehension. This book will be of value to engineers and researchers in industry as well as scientists and Ph.D students at universities. The book is also recommendable to graduate students specializing on nanoelectronics, microelectronics ...
Scientific Analogies and Their Use in Teaching Science

Science.gov (United States)

Kipnis, Nahum

Analogy in science knew its successes and failures, as illustrated by examples from the eighteenth-century physics. At times, some scientists abstained from using a certain analogy on the ground that it had not yet been demonstrated. Several false discoveries in the 18th and early 19th centuries appeared to support their caution. It is now clear that such a position reflected a methodological confusion that resulted from a failure to distinguish between particular and general analogies. Considering analogy as a hierarchical structure provides a new insight into "testing an analogy". While warning science teachers of dangers associated with use of analogy, historical cases and their analysis provided here may encourage them to use analogy more extensively while avoiding misconceptions. An argument is made that the history of science may be a better guide than philosophy of science and cognitive psychology when it concerns the role of analogy in science and in teaching science for understanding.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects caused by {sup 153} Sm-EDTMP, combined with BrdU a thymidine analog; Efecto citotoxico y genotoxico causado por {sup 153} Sm-EDTMP, combinado con BrdU un analogo de timidina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morales A, E; Ferro F, G; Morales R, P [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2006-07-01

The ablation of the bone marrow previous to the transplant by means of radiation and chemical antineoplastics its affect indiscriminately to the healthy tissues and in particular those that are in proliferation. The objective of this work is to determine the effect of the incorporation from the BrdU to the DNA on the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the cells of the bone marrow caused by the radiopharmaceutical {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP. The genotoxicity was determined by the rate of erythrocytes polychromatic micro nucleates (EPC-MN) and the cytotoxicity by the frequency of EPC. Both parameters determined in peripheral blood after the BrdU administration and {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP. The combination of the BrdU and r1 radiopharmaceutical produced a bigger cytotoxicity that the radiation and the BrdU alone; on the other hand it produced a reduction of the EPC-MN produced by the radiation, suggesting that the cytotoxicity didn't allow the expression of the genotoxicity. (Author)
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects caused by {sup 153} Sm-EDTMP, combined with BrdU a thymidine analog; Efecto citotoxico y genotoxico causado por {sup 153} Sm-EDTMP, combinado con BrdU un analogo de timidina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morales A, E.; Ferro F, G.; Morales R, P. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2006-07-01

The ablation of the bone marrow previous to the transplant by means of radiation and chemical antineoplastics its affect indiscriminately to the healthy tissues and in particular those that are in proliferation. The objective of this work is to determine the effect of the incorporation from the BrdU to the DNA on the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the cells of the bone marrow caused by the radiopharmaceutical {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP. The genotoxicity was determined by the rate of erythrocytes polychromatic micro nucleates (EPC-MN) and the cytotoxicity by the frequency of EPC. Both parameters determined in peripheral blood after the BrdU administration and {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP. The combination of the BrdU and r1 radiopharmaceutical produced a bigger cytotoxicity that the radiation and the BrdU alone; on the other hand it produced a reduction of the EPC-MN produced by the radiation, suggesting that the cytotoxicity didn't allow the expression of the genotoxicity. (Author)

Drawing Analogies in Environmental Education

Science.gov (United States)

Affifi, Ramsey

2014-01-01

Reconsidering the origin, process, and outcomes of analogy-making suggests practices for environmental educators who strive to disengage humans from the isolating illusions of dichotomizing frameworks. We can view analogies as outcomes of developmental processes within which human subjectivity is but an element, threading our sense of self back…
Conjecturing via Reconceived Classical Analogy

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Kyeong-Hwa; Sriraman, Bharath

2011-01-01

Analogical reasoning is believed to be an efficient means of problem solving and construction of knowledge during the search for and the analysis of new mathematical objects. However, there is growing concern that despite everyday usage, learners are unable to transfer analogical reasoning to learning situations. This study aims at facilitating…
Efecto de la prednisona en la magnitud del movimiento dentario ortodóntico en ratas

OpenAIRE

Ruiz Ramirez, Eliberto

2017-01-01

Evalúa el efecto de la prednisona, glucocorticoide de acción intermedia, y su efecto en el movimiento dentario ortodóntico en ratas. Se utilizan 20 ratas albinas machos Holtzman, a las cuales se les coloca un aparato ortodóntico disyuntor entre sus incisivos centrales superiores, luego son divididas de manera aleatoria en dos grupos: Grupo control, el cual no recibe ningún tratamiento farmacológico y grupo experimental, al cual se le administra prednisona 5 días antes de la colocación del apa...
Efectos toxicológicos y neuropsiquiátricos producidos por consumo de cocaína

OpenAIRE

Téllez Mosquera, Jairo; Cote Menéndez, Miguel

2014-01-01

Este artículo realiza una revisión sobre la historia, la cultura, los aspectos clínico toxicológicos y los efectos en el comportamiento producidos por el uso agudo y crónico de la cocaína. La cocaína como sustancia psicoactiva sin importar su forma de consumo, una vez dentro del organismo sigue las mismas vías metabólicas, produciendo efecto sobre los diferentes órganos. La toxicidad de la cocaína es debida a su metabolito el benzoilecgonina un potente agonista a...
Efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el metabolismo oxidativo de cerebro de rata "in vitro"

OpenAIRE

Torrecilla García-Ripoll, Juan Ramón

2012-01-01

El clorhidrato de tiaprida es una benzamida u ortopramida con efecto neuroléptico atípico. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto del clorhidrato de tiaprida sobre el consumo de oxígeno, glucosa, fosforilación oxidativa mitocondrial, actividad ATPasa y la interacción con diversos neurotransmisores en preparaciones de cortes de corteza de rata "in vitro". En relación con el MATERIAL Y METODOS, se determinó el consumo de oxígeno en cortes, homogeneizados y mitocondrias de cerebro de r...
Efectos sobre la temperatura, frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca y electrocardiograma de Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq. (chuchuhuasi)

OpenAIRE

Huaccho Rojas, Juan Jesús; Cavero Aguilar, Evelyn Sally; Quezada Rojas, Melissa Andrea; Lara Paredes, Andrea Mercedes; Lluen Escobar, Silvana Estela; Paragulla Bocángel, Ahmed Alberto; Rojas Villacorta, Fernando Junior; Loja Herrera, Berta; Alvarado Yarasca, Ángel Tito; Mujica Calderón, José; Salazar Granara, Alberto Alcibíades

2012-01-01

Introducción: estudios de árboles del género Maytenus, especies forsskaoliana, ilicifolia y krukovii revelan efectos depresores a nivel cardiovascular sobre la presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca. Objetivos: analizar experimentalmente los efectos de las hojas de Maytenus macrocarpa "chuchuhuasi" sobre la frecuencia cardiaca, patrones electrocardiográficos, frecuencia respiratoria, y temperatura. Métodos: investigación de tipo exploratorio, analítico y experimental. Se uti...
Spectrometric analog-to-digital converter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ormandzhiev, S.I.; Jordanov, V.T.

1988-01-01

Converter of digit-by-digit counterbalancing with slipping dial with number of channels equal to total number of states of the main digital-to-analog converter of digit-by-digit counterbalancing systems is presented. Algorithm for selection of digital-to-analog converters, which must be used by means of computer is suggested
Efectos de la actividad física sobre las funciones ejecutivas en una muestra de adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inmaculada Martín-Martínez

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos de un programa de actividad física, con una duración de 8 semanas y basado en juegos reducidos, sobre diversas variables cognitivas vinculadas al constructo funciones ejecutivas como memoria de trabajo, inhibición y flexibilidad cognitiva. Los participantes fueron 54 adolescentes, físicamente inactivos, de la ciudad de Priego (Córdoba, España, con edades entre los 15 y 16 años (M = 15.35; DT = .48. Se empleó un diseño pre-post con dos grupos aleatorizados, control y experimental. Los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las habilidades cognitivas fueron el test Dígitos y el test Letras y Números, de la Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Niños (WISC-IV, el Trail Making Test y el Test Stroop. Se realizó un análisis de la varianza mixta 2x2 para determinar los efectos del tratamiento. Los resultados indicaron efectos positivos del programa de actividad física sobre la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva, aunque con un tamaño del efecto bajo. Se propone incrementar el tiempo de intervención y aplicar diferentes programas para observar el impacto del tipo de actividad en futuras investigaciones.
Relations as transformations: implications for analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Leech, Robert; Mareschal, Denis; Cooper, Richard P

2007-07-01

We present two experiments assessing whether the size of a transformation instantiating a relation between two states of the world (e.g., shrinks) is a performance factor affecting analogical reasoning. The first experiment finds evidence of transformation size as a significant factor in adolescent analogical problem solving while the second experiment finds a similar effect on adult analogical reasoning using a markedly different analogical completion paradigm. The results are interpreted as providing evidence for the more general framework that cognitive representations of relations are best understood as mental transformations.
Fermilab accelerator control system: Analog monitoring facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seino, K.; Anderson, L.; Smedinghoff, J.

1987-10-01

Thousands of analog signals are monitored in different areas of the Fermilab accelerator complex. For general purposes, analog signals are sent over coaxial or twinaxial cables with varying lengths, collected at fan-in boxes and digitized with 12 bit multiplexed ADCs. For higher resolution requirements, analog signals are digitized at sources and are serially sent to the control system. This paper surveys ADC subsystems that are used with the accelerator control systems and discusses practical problems and solutions, and it describes how analog data are presented on the console system
Estudio del efecto fotocrómico que presentan los vidriados opacificados por esfena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gimeno, R.

2012-04-01

Full Text Available White glazes opacified by sphene, based on the system SiO₂-CaO-TiO₂, are an alternative to the glazes in which the opacifying phase is zircon. However, it has been observed that this type of glaze displays photochromism (reversible change of colour after exposure to a light source, involving the appearance of a yellowish shade after the glaze has been subjected to sunlight for several hours, which then disappears after a few days. This effect has led to limited use of this type of glaze. In this study, a method of quantifying the photochromic effect by means of a UV light source is established. The microstructural characterisation of glazes with a pronounced tendency to display a photochromic effect has allowed the possible causes of the photochromic effect to be determined. Finally, a series of tests have been conducted that show that the photochromic effect is related to the impurities present in the glaze, as well as to the type and quantity of crystalline phases contained in the glaze.

Los vidriados blancos opacificados por esfena, basados en el sistema SiO₂-CaO-TiO₂, son una alternativa a los vidriados en los que la fase opacificante es el circón. Sin embargo, se ha observado que este tipo de vidriados presentan fotocromismo (cambio de color reversible tras la exposición a una fuente de luz, el cual consiste en la aparición de una tonalidad amarillenta tras someter el vidriado a la luz solar durante varias horas, que desaparece al cabo de varios días. Este efecto hace que la utilización de este tipo de vidriados no se haya generalizado. En el presente trabajo se establece un método para la cuantificación del efecto fotocrómico mediante el uso de una fuente de luz ultravioleta. La caracterización microestructural de vidriados con distinta tendencia a presentar el efecto fotocrómico ha permitido establecer las posibles causas que provocan el efecto fotocrómico. Finalmente, se
Musik som analogi og metafor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bonde, Lars Ole

2014-01-01

Indeholder underkapitlerne: 2.5.1 Musik som analogi 2.5.2 Musik som metafor 2.5.3 Musikkens psykologiske funktioner - en taxonomi og metaforisk lytning til fire baroksatser......Indeholder underkapitlerne: 2.5.1 Musik som analogi 2.5.2 Musik som metafor 2.5.3 Musikkens psykologiske funktioner - en taxonomi og metaforisk lytning til fire baroksatser...
Non-analog Monte Carlo estimators for radiation momentum deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hykes, Joshua M.; Densmore, Jeffery D.

2009-01-01

The standard method for calculating radiation momentum deposition in Monte Carlo simulations is the analog estimator, which tallies the change in a particle's momentum at each interaction with the matter. Unfortunately, the analog estimator can suffer from large amounts of statistical error. In this paper, we present three new non-analog techniques for estimating momentum deposition. Specifically, we use absorption, collision, and track-length estimators to evaluate a simple integral expression for momentum deposition that does not contain terms that can cause large amounts of statistical error in the analog scheme. We compare our new non-analog estimators to the analog estimator with a set of test problems that encompass a wide range of material properties and both isotropic and anisotropic scattering. In nearly all cases, the new non-analog estimators outperform the analog estimator. The track-length estimator consistently yields the highest performance gains, improving upon the analog-estimator figure of merit by factors of up to two orders of magnitude.
Analog-to-digital conversion using custom CMOS analog memory for the EOS time projection chamber

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, K.L.; Arthur, A.A.; Jones, R.W.; Matis, H.S.; Nakamura, M.; Kleinfelder, S.A.; Ritter, H.G.; Wienman, H.H.

1990-01-01

This paper describes the multiplexing scheme of custom CMOS analog memory integrated circuits, 16 channels x 256 cells, into analog to digital converters (ADC's) to handle 15,360 signal channels of a time projection, chamber detector system. Primary requirements of this system are high density, low power and large dynamic range. The analog memory device multiplexing scheme was designed to digitize the information stored in the memory cells. The digitization time of the ADC's and the settling times for the memory unit were carefully interleaved to optimize the performance and timing during the multiplexing operation. This kept the total number of ADC's, a costly and power dissipative component, to an acceptable minimum
Dispositivo de efectos digitales para guitarra eléctrica controlado por Arduino y mando a distancia

OpenAIRE

Pan Pérez-Vivancos, Luis Manuel

2016-01-01

El presente proyecto implementa el diseño, cálculo y la construcción de un equipo de efectos digitales para guitarra eléctrica, programados en una tarjeta de DSP controlada por un Arudino UNO y comandado por infrarrojos. Se estudian los diferentes tipos de efectos, se analizan diferentes configuraciones de hardware y sus limitaciones y se cons- truye físicamente un equipo plenamente funcional. Para ello se han empleado los siguientes programas de diseño: PsPice (Simular la adap- taci...
NASA HRP Immunology Discipline - Use of Terrestrial Analogs

Science.gov (United States)

Crucian, Brian

2014-01-01

Due to the cost and operational constraints, as well as technical implementation limitations, it is desirous to perform relevant space physiology investigations first in terrestrial 'space analogs'. This is particularly true for initial investigations, which may then provide appropriate focus for subsequent flight investigations, or for mechanistic investigations that simply cannot be performed during spaceflight. Appropriate analog choice is extremely important. There are a wide variety of terrestrial space analogs, each relevant to a particular physiological discipline (or disciplines) and each with a particular fidelity (or lack thereof) to spaceflight, and each with unique operational constraints. The HRP Immunology Discipline is tasked with managing the HRP Risk concerning clinical risk for Astronaut crews related to spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation. Such dysregulation has been documented to occur during spaceflight, and found to persist for the duration of a 6-month ISS mission. Studies continue to characterize the onorbit phenomenon, but it generally consists of diminished immunocyte function, dysregulated cytokine profiles, and persistent herpesvirus reactivation. Causes are thought to synergistically include microgravity, psychological or physiological stress, radiation, and/or circadian misalignment. An appropriate terrestrial analog for immune dysregulation would replicate as many of these influences as possible. Such analogs may include clinostat or bioreactor cell culture (microgravity), hindlimb suspension (stress, fluid shifts, hypokinesis), or human deployment to remote or extreme environments (isolation, stress, circadian). Also, the laboratory setting may be used as an analog, or to augment analogs, such as sleep deprivation/misalignment or human centrifugation to replicate gravitational stress. As an appropriate example of a NASA Disciplines use of Terrestrial space analogs, this talk will discuss spaceflight associated immune
The Development of Analogical Reasoning Processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Sternberg, Robert J.; Rifkin, Bathsheva

1979-01-01

Two experiments were conducted to test the generalizability to children of a theory of analogical reasoning processes, originally proposed for adults, and to examine the development of analogical reasoning processes in terms of five proposed sources of cognitive development. (MP)
Computational approaches to analogical reasoning current trends

CERN Document Server

Richard, Gilles

2014-01-01

Analogical reasoning is known as a powerful mode for drawing plausible conclusions and solving problems. It has been the topic of a huge number of works by philosophers, anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists. As such, it has been early studied in artificial intelligence, with a particular renewal of interest in the last decade. The present volume provides a structured view of current research trends on computational approaches to analogical reasoning. It starts with an overview of the field, with an extensive bibliography. The 14 collected contributions cover a large scope of issues. First, the use of analogical proportions and analogies is explained and discussed in various natural language processing problems, as well as in automated deduction. Then, different formal frameworks for handling analogies are presented, dealing with case-based reasoning, heuristic-driven theory projection, commonsense reasoning about incomplete rule bases, logical proportions induced by similarity an...
Design and Analysis of Reconfigurable Analog System

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-01

34010010" �" �" �" �" �" �" �±" N3 N2 N± P1 P2 P3 * Current sources $RR = 1; *Ramp Rate (slope of the...2008/12/12/31e83bac-500f-4182- acca -4d360295fd9c.pdf, Analog Devices, Analog Dialogue 39-06, June 2005. [15] D. A. Johns, K. Martin "Analog Integrated
Crows spontaneously exhibit analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Smirnova, Anna; Zorina, Zoya; Obozova, Tanya; Wasserman, Edward

2015-01-19

Analogical reasoning is vital to advanced cognition and behavioral adaptation. Many theorists deem analogical thinking to be uniquely human and to be foundational to categorization, creative problem solving, and scientific discovery. Comparative psychologists have long been interested in the species generality of analogical reasoning, but they initially found it difficult to obtain empirical support for such thinking in nonhuman animals (for pioneering efforts, see [2, 3]). Researchers have since mustered considerable evidence and argument that relational matching-to-sample (RMTS) effectively captures the essence of analogy, in which the relevant logical arguments are presented visually. In RMTS, choice of test pair BB would be correct if the sample pair were AA, whereas choice of test pair EF would be correct if the sample pair were CD. Critically, no items in the correct test pair physically match items in the sample pair, thus demanding that only relational sameness or differentness is available to support accurate choice responding. Initial evidence suggested that only humans and apes can successfully learn RMTS with pairs of sample and test items; however, monkeys have subsequently done so. Here, we report that crows too exhibit relational matching behavior. Even more importantly, crows spontaneously display relational responding without ever having been trained on RMTS; they had only been trained on identity matching-to-sample (IMTS). Such robust and uninstructed relational matching behavior represents the most convincing evidence yet of analogical reasoning in a nonprimate species, as apes alone have spontaneously exhibited RMTS behavior after only IMTS training. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efectos adversos asociados a la vacunación anti-gripal en pediatría

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín Moreno Vicente

1998-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: las dificultades para valorar adecuadamente la morbimortalidad por gripe en la infancia y las limitaciones de la propia vacuna, hacen que su uso en esta etapa siga siendo limitado. El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar los efectos adversos asociados a la vacunación antigripal en niños. MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo realizado en las campañas 92/93, 93/94 y 97/98 en 105 niños de Navalcarnero, con vacuna antigripal de virus fraccionados e inactivados con las cepas vacunales recomendadas por la OMS. Todas las dosis son administradas por una enfermera, que también realiza los controles postvacunales a las 72 horas. Se valoran los efectos adversos, la zona de inyección, el sexo, la edad, la vacunación previa y el recoger los datos por teléfono o en consulta. RESULTADOS: de forma global, en 318 dosis administradas, a nivel local aparece reacción en el 10,7%, en forma de eritema (8,5%, induración (7,9% y dolor (sólo 97/98, 13,9% y a nivel sistémico en el 11,9%, en forma de rinorrea (3,1%, malestar general (2,5%, fiebre (2,5%, dolores musculares (1,6% y tos (1,6%. El 89,5% de los efectos sistémicos desaparecen en las primeras 48 horas. Ningún caso precisó consulta médica. CONCLUSIONES: la vacuna es segura. Los efectos adversos que aparecen son escasos, leves y bien tolerados. No existen diferencias significativas en función de la edad, el sexo, la vacunación previa o el hecho de recoger los resultados por teléfono o en consulta. La zona glútea presenta mayor reactogenicidad local que la zona deltoidea.
Efecto del tramadol en la motilidad del ciego en dos equinos sanos (estudio preliminar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anastasia Cruz-Carrillo

2012-07-01

Full Text Available El tramadol (analgésico opioide atípico es utilizado ampliamente en humanos y, en menor proporción, en animales, por falta de productos comerciales de uso veterinario. Es un analgésico eficaz que produce efectos adversos suaves, en comparación con los opioides típicos. Se propone su uso como alternativa en el manejo del dolor en equinos, a partir de la hipótesis de que al estimular los receptores opioides de manera suave, los efectos adversos en los equinos deben ser menores. Así, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto del tramadol en la motilidad de la musculatura lisa de la base del ciego en equinos sanos. Se utilizaron tres equinos, a los cuales, mediante intervención quirúrgica, se les colocaron dos electrodos en la base del ciego, y se exteriorizaron sus extensiones por la pared abdominal, para conectarlas a un equipo de registro electromiográfico que permitió la valoración de la actividad intestinal 15 días después de colocados los electrodos y después de aplicar 1,2 mg de tramadol/kg de peso. Se comprobó que después de aplicar el tramadol hubo un descenso leve de la intensidad de las contracciones musculares, los sonidos intestinales estuvieron presentes, no hubo atonía, cólico ni estreñimiento. Adicionalmente, se comprobó su gran eficacia analgésica y la ausencia de cualquier efecto adverso. Se concluye que bajo las condiciones aquí planteadas, el tramadol no deprimió la motilidad del ciego en equinos sanos, aunque disminuyó la intensidad de las contracciones musculares en el ciego.
Perceptions of Rebuttal Analogy: Politeness and Implications for Persuasion.

Science.gov (United States)

Whaley, Bryan B.

1997-01-01

States that recent theorizing about the role of analogy in persuasion suggests that "rebuttal" analogy addresses two communicative functions by serving as argument and a method of social attack. Examines message receivers' perceptions of rebuttal analogy and rebuttal analogy users. Finds that participants perceived the communicator using…
El cambio climático y sus efectos en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Barco, Daniel; Vargas, Paola

2010-01-01

Luego de una presentación del impacto esperado del cambio climático en el crecimiento global, analizan las consecuencias del calentamiento y la acumulación de gases de efecto invernadero sobre el crecimiento del país.
Efectos del entrenamiento con vibraciones mecánicas sobre la ‘performance’ neuromuscular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marzo Edir Da Silva

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Hace ya varias décadas que se estudian los efectos de las vibraciones sobre el organismo humano. En un principio se evaluaban estos efectos con respecto a patologías producidas por la exposición prolongada de tipo ocupacional. Sin embargo, se empezaron a hacer estudios sobre el posible beneficio de la aplicación de la vibración en deportistas y a la luz de los primeros hallazgos se concluyó que se producía una mejora en la flexibilidad. Fue el ruso Nazarov quien realizó esos primeros estudios con atletas, aplicando una vibración local. Poco a poco fueron surgiendo diversos estudios sobre la vibración local o aplicada a todo el cuerpo (WBV pero en otras variables como son la fuerza, la potencia y la capacidad de salto. A pesar de que no hay un consenso en la aplicación de protocolos de entrenamiento y los resultados que se obtienen, el entrenamiento con WBV está en auge porque parece ofrecer unos resultados benéficos de manera más rápida que el entrenamiento convencional. El propósito del presente artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evolución del entrenamiento de WBV con sus aplicaciones y efectos sobre la performance muscular.
Elucidating the neurotoxic effects of MDMA and its analogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Karuppagounder, Senthilkumar S; Bhattacharya, Dwipayan; Ahuja, Manuj; Suppiramaniam, Vishnu; Deruiter, Jack; Clark, Randall; Dhanasekaran, Muralikrishnan

2014-04-17

There is a rapid increase in the use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its structural congeners/analogs globally. MDMA and MDMA-analogs have been synthesized illegally in furtive dwellings and are abused due to its addictive potential. Furthermore, MDMA and MDMA-analogs have shown to have induced several adverse effects. Hence, understanding the mechanisms mediating this neurotoxic insult of MDMA-analogs is of immense importance for the public health in the world. We synthesized and investigated the neurotoxic effects of MDMA and its analogs [4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 2, 6-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), and N-ethyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA)]. The stimulatory or the dopaminergic agonist effects of MDMA and MDMA-analogs were elucidated using the established 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned animal model. Additionally, we also investigated the neurotoxic mechanisms of MDMA and MDMA-analogs on mitochondrial complex-I activity and reactive oxygen species generation. MDMA and MDMA-analogs exhibited stimulatory activity as compared to amphetamines and also induced several behavioral changes in the rodents. MDMA and MDMA-analogs enhanced the reactive oxygen generation and inhibited mitochondrial complex-I activity which can lead to neurodegeneration. Hence the mechanism of neurotoxicity, MDMA and MDMA-analogs can enhance the release of monoamines, alter the monoaminergic neurotransmission, and augment oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities leading to neurotoxicity. Thus, our study will help in developing effective pharmacological and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MDMA and MDMA-analog abuse. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Plate Tectonics Using a Pre-Analogy Step

Science.gov (United States)

Glesener, G. B.; Sandoval, W. A.

2011-12-01

Previous research has shown that children tend to demonstrate lower performance on analogical reasoning tasks at a causal relations level compared to most adults (Gentner & Toupin, 1986). This tendency is an obstacle that geoscience educators must overcome because of the high frequency of analogies used in geoscience pedagogy. In particular, analog models are used to convey complex systems of non-everyday/non-observable events found in nature, such as plate tectonics. Key factors in successful analogical reasoning that have been suggested by researchers include knowledge of the causal relations in the base analog (Brown & Kane, 1988; Gentner, 1988; Gentner & Toupin, 1986), and development of learning strategies and metaconceptual competence(Brown & Kane, 1988). External factors, such as guiding cues and hints have been useful cognitive supports that help students reason through analogical problems (Gick & Holyoak, 1980). Cognitive supports have been seen by researchers to decrease processing demands on retrieval and working memory (Richland, Zur, & Holyoak, 2007). We observed third and fourth graders learning about plate tectonics beginning with a pre-analogy step-a cognitive support activity a student can do before working with an analogy to understand the target. This activity was designed to aid students in developing their understanding of object attributes and relations within an analog model so that more focus can be placed on mapping the corresponding higher-order relations between the base and target. Students learned targeted concepts of plate tectonics, as measured by pre to post gains on items adapted from the Geosciences Concept Inventory. Analyses of classroom interaction showed that students used the object attributes and higher-order relations highlighted in the pre-analogy activity as resources to reason about plate boundaries and plate movement during earthquakes.
Mediatización: reencuadrando el análisis de los efectos de los medios

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjarvard, Stig

2016-01-01

al contenido de los medios (por ejemplo, los efectos son vistos como el resultado de la comunicación mediada). La investigación sobre mediatización se preocupa de los cambios estructurales de largo plazo que involucran a los medios, la cultura y la sociedad (por ejemplo, la influencia de los medios...... es entendida en relación a cómo los medios están implicados en los cambios sociales y culturales y a cómo estos procesos llegan a crear nuevas condiciones para la comunicación e interacción humanas). Desde la perspectiva de la investigación en mediatización, el efecto más importante de los medios...
Natural analogs for Yucca Mountain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murphy, W.M.

1995-01-01

High-level radioactive waste in the US, spent fuels from commercial reactors and nuclear materials generated by defense activities, will remain potentially hazardous for thousands of years. Demonstrable long-term stability of certain geologic and geochemical systems motivates and sustains the concept that high-level waste can be safely isolated in geologic repositories for requisite periods of time. Each geologic repository is unique in its properties and performance with reguard to isolation of nuclear wastes. Studies of processes analogous to waste-form alteration and radioelement transport in environments analogous to Yucca Mountain are being conducted at two sites, described in this article to illustrate uses of natural analog data: the Nopal I uranium deposit in the Sierra Pena Blanca, Mexico, and the Akrotiri archaeological site on the island of Santorini, Greece
Analogy-Enhanced Instruction: Effects on Reasoning Skills in Science

Science.gov (United States)

Remigio, Krisette B.; Yangco, Rosanelia T.; Espinosa, Allen A.

2014-01-01

The study examined the reasoning skills of first year high school students after learning general science concepts through analogies. Two intact heterogeneous sections were randomly assigned to Analogy-Enhanced Instruction (AEI) group and Non Analogy-Enhanced (NAEI) group. Various analogies were incorporated in the lessons of the AEI group for…
Epistemology of analogy: Knowledge, society and expression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Beuchot

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this article we expose the bases of analog epistemology. This theory of knowledge is between an extreme subjectivism and an extreme objectivism. Analog hermeneutics is a realistic hermeneutics. She seeks the truth, but incorporates the meaning and emotion. We have separated the reason from the experience, the praxis theory, the mind or the soul of the body. We have to get them back together, if we do not get lost in the rational (which says little of the human being, or we lose ourselves in the emotional (without logical consistency. The analogical hermeneutic realism is able, thanks to the analogy itself, to mediate in this way of union.
La política de seguridad democrática 2002-2006: efectos socioeconómicos en las áreas rurales

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Gerson Javier Pérez Valbuena

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo usa el cambio estructural en el número de incautaciones para medir el impacto de la política de seguridad democrática sobre el mercado laboral rural, entre 2002 y 2006. La nueva política tuvo efectos diferenciales por género, edad y tipo de ocupación. Produjo pérdidas socioeconómicas por la reducción simultánea de la oferta laboral y del ingreso de los adultos. En la participación laboral de los jóvenes y los niños tuvo un efecto diferenciado, por género. No parece haber tenido efectos significativos en la matrícula escolar.
Analog elements for transuranic chemistries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weimer, W.C.

1982-01-01

The analytical technique for measuring trace concentrations of the analog rare earth elements has been refined for optimal detection. The technique has been used to determine the rare earth concentrations in a series of geological and biological materials, including samples harvested from controlled lysimeter investigations. These studies have demonstrated that any of the trivalent rare earth elements may be used as analog elements for the trivalent transuranics, americium and curium
Analogy, explanation, and proof

Science.gov (United States)

Hummel, John E.; Licato, John; Bringsjord, Selmer

2014-01-01

People are habitual explanation generators. At its most mundane, our propensity to explain allows us to infer that we should not drink milk that smells sour; at the other extreme, it allows us to establish facts (e.g., theorems in mathematical logic) whose truth was not even known prior to the existence of the explanation (proof). What do the cognitive operations underlying the inference that the milk is sour have in common with the proof that, say, the square root of two is irrational? Our ability to generate explanations bears striking similarities to our ability to make analogies. Both reflect a capacity to generate inferences and generalizations that go beyond the featural similarities between a novel problem and familiar problems in terms of which the novel problem may be understood. However, a notable difference between analogy-making and explanation-generation is that the former is a process in which a single source situation is used to reason about a single target, whereas the latter often requires the reasoner to integrate multiple sources of knowledge. This seemingly small difference poses a challenge to the task of marshaling our understanding of analogical reasoning to understanding explanation. We describe a model of explanation, derived from a model of analogy, adapted to permit systematic violations of this one-to-one mapping constraint. Simulation results demonstrate that the resulting model can generate explanations for novel explananda and that, like the explanations generated by human reasoners, these explanations vary in their coherence. PMID:25414655
Analogy, Explanation, and Proof

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John eHummel

2014-11-01

Full Text Available People are habitual explanation generators. At its most mundane, our propensity to explain allows us to infer that we should not drink milk that smells sour; at the other extreme, it allows us to establish facts (e.g., theorems in mathematical logic whose truth was not even known prior to the existence of the explanation (proof. What do the cognitive operations underlying the (inductive inference that the milk is sour have in common with the (deductive proof that, say, the square root of two is irrational? Our ability to generate explanations bears striking similarities to our ability to make analogies. Both reflect a capacity to generate inferences and generalizations that go beyond the featural similarities between a novel problem and familiar problems in terms of which the novel problem may be understood. However, a notable difference between analogy-making and explanation-generation is that the former is a process in which a single source situation is used to reason about a single target, whereas the latter often requires the reasoner to integrate multiple sources of knowledge. This small-seeming difference poses a challenge to the task of marshaling our understanding of analogical reasoning in the service of understanding explanation. We describe a model of explanation, derived from a model of analogy, adapted to permit systematic violations of this one-to-one mapping constraint. Simulation results demonstrate that the resulting model can generate explanations for novel explananda and that, like the explanations generated by human reasoners, these explanations vary in their coherence.
Insulin analogs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles.

Science.gov (United States)

Brange; Vølund

1999-02-01

The aim of insulin replacement therapy is to normalize blood glucose in order to reduce the complications of diabetes. The pharmacokinetics of the traditional insulin preparations, however, do not match the profiles of physiological insulin secretion. The introduction of the rDNA technology 20 years ago opened new ways to create insulin analogs with altered properties. Fast-acting analogs are based on the idea that an insulin with less tendency to self-association than human insulin would be more readily absorbed into the systemic circulation. Protracted-acting analogs have been created to mimic the slow, steady rate of insulin secretion in the fasting state. The present paper provides a historical review of the efforts to change the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of insulin in order to improve insulin therapy. The available clinical studies of the new insulins are surveyed and show, together with modeling results, that new strategies for optimal basal-bolus treatment are required for utilization of the new fast-acting analogs.
Los pasiegos. La analogía salvaje y lo salvaje de la analogía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JAIME DE LA CALLE VALVERDE

2007-01-01

-entendiendo salvaje como un pensamiento humano prístino-: por un lado en sus relaciones con el racionalismo (¿emerge la analogía desde el racionalismo?, ¿qué relación guarda con éste?, ¿su nacimiento es resultado de una función «natural»? y por otro sobre la naturaleza social de lo salvaje a partir de las bases sociales que lo producen. Es decir, se rastrea lo que de salvaje tiene la analogía, si la analogía es o no una función ahistórica y asocial del intelecto humano. No se examina todo el complejo analógico de los pasiegos, únicamente aquél que establece relaciones homólogas entre las vacas y el entorno.
Efecto del beneficiado de mezclas de variedades de arroz sobre variables de rendimiento molinero

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Zeled\\u00F3n-Grau

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Efecto del beneficiado de mezclas de variedades de arroz sobre variables de rendimiento molinero. Con el fin de determinar si las variables de rendimiento molinero del arroz (rendimiento de molino, rendimiento de arroz co mer cial e ín di ce de pi la da se afec tan cuan do una va rie dad se be ne fi cia en mez cla con otras, en el Cen tro de In vestigacio nes en Gra nos y Se mi llas (CIGRAS se eva lua ron cua tro mez clas de las tres va rie da des más uti li za das en Cos ta Ri ca en la co se cha 1999-2000 (CR-1113, CR-5272 y Se te sa-9. Otras variables analizadas fueron los por centajes de: grano quebrado, grano quebrado grueso, puntilla, semolina (salvado de arroz, se mo li na pu ra y cas carilla en la semolina. Para cada variable se calculó un índice (Im que ex presa qué tanto el va lor ob te ni do se des vió del va lor esperado para cada una de las mez clas (es pe ra do = pro me dio de los re sultados individua les para cada variedad cuando se la pro cesó sin mezclar. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los índices de los tra ta mien tos eva lua dos. Sin em bar go, se ob ser vó un efecto detrimental en las variables de rendimiento molinero de las mez clas en que par ti ci pó CR 5272. Con tra rio a es to, la mezcla CR-1113-Setesa-9 mostró un efecto beneficioso. Los efectos detrimentales observados con el beneficiado de las mez clas fue ron atri bui dos a una ma yor pro duc ción que la esperada de puntilla y de pedazos muy pequeños de arroz en la se mo li na. Por su par te, en la mez cla en la que se re gis tró un efecto beneficioso hubo una menor producción que la esperada de se molina pura y de quebrado grueso. La pérdida económica que causaría la mezcla más perjudicial fue estimada en $ 1 por to ne la da mé tri ca.
Efecto manada en sectores económicos de las bolsas latinoamericanas: una visión pre y poscrisis subprime

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Juan Benjamín Duarte Duarte

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En los últimos a ̃ nos, el comportamiento de los agentes y lo que los motiva a tomar sus decisiones de inversión ha sido foco de estudio de muchos investigadores en las ramas de economía, finanzas y afines. Teniendo en cuenta esto, en este artículo se busca comprobar empíricamente uno de estos comportamientos, el efecto manada, mediante los modelos propuestos por Christie y Huang (1995 y Chang, Cheng y Khorana (2000, en el índice más representativo y en los sectores que lo componen, de los principales mercados de América Latina (Brasil, México, Chile, Colombia, Perú y Argentina para el periodo 2002-2014, así como en los subperiodos pre y poscrisis originados por las hipotecas subprime. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran que el efecto manada está presente en el índice más representativo del mercado bursátil de Colombia, Chile y Perú y en algunos de los sectores que lo componen, ya sea en el periodo total y/o en los subperiodos de pre y poscrisis; en el mercado de Brasil, el efecto está presente en el sector bancario en el periodo total y en el subperiodo de precrisis; en el mercado de Argentina tal efecto se presentó en el sector bancario y en el sector de petróleo y gas, y en el mercado de México no existe ninguna evidencia de dicho efecto
Efecto del Consumo de Astaxantina en la Salud

OpenAIRE

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya; López Roldán, Patricia

2012-01-01

El presente trabajo trata de una recopilación de los artículos más relevantes publicados sobre la astaxantina y la mejora o prevención de enfermedades, enfatizando su rol como antioxidante y antiinflamatorio. Se ha realizado una extensa búsqueda de publicaciones científicas en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas especializadas: PubMed central (PMC)-NBCI, Elsevier Journal, Scielo España, Scirus, Science Direct, para establecer el estado actual del potencial efecto de la astaxantina en...

How the creative use of analogies can shape medical practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Prasad, G V Ramesh

2015-06-01

Analogical reasoning is central to medical progress, and is either creative or conservative. According to Hofmann et al., conservative analogy relates concepts from old technology to new technologies with emphasis on preservation of comprehension and conduct. Creative analogy however brings new understanding to new technology, brings similarities existing in the source domain to a target domain where they previously had no bearing, and imports something entirely different from the content of the analogy itself. I defend the claim that while conservative analogies are useful by virtue of being comfortable to use from familiarity and experience, and are more easily accepted by society, they only lead to incremental advances in medicine. However, creative analogies are more exciting and productive because they generate previously unexpected associations across widely separated domains, emphasize relations over physical similarities, and structure over superficiality. I use kidney transplantation and anti-rejection medication development as an exemplar of analogical reasoning used to improve medical practice. Anti-rejection medication has not helped highly sensitized patients because of their propensity to rejecting most organs. I outline how conservative analogical reasoning led to anti-rejection medication development, but creative analogical reasoning helped highly sensitized and blood type incompatible patients through domino transplants, by which they obtain a kidney to which they are not sensitized. Creative analogical reasoning is more likely than conservative analogical reasoning to lead to revolutionary progress. While these analogies overlap and creative analogies eventually become conservative, progress is best facilitated by combining conservative and creative analogical reasoning. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analogs for transuranic elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weimer, W.C.; Laul, J.C.; Kutt, J.C.

1981-01-01

A combined theoretical and experimental approach is being used to estimate the long-term environmental and biogeochemical behaviors of selected transuranic elements. The objective of this research is to estimate the effect that long-term (hundreds of years) environmental weathering has on the behavior of the transuranic elements americium and curium. This is achieved by investigating the actual behavior of naturally occurring rare earth elements, especially neodymium, that serve as transuranic analogs. Determination of the analog element behavior provides data that can be used to estimate the ultimate availability to man of transuranic materials released into the environment
23rd workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design

CERN Document Server

Baschirotto, Andrea; Makinwa, Kofi

2015-01-01

This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 23rd workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, serving as a valuable reference to the state-of-the-art, for anyone involved in analog circuit research and development. • Includes coverage of high-performance analog-to-digital and digital to analog converters, integrated circuit design in scaled technologies, and time-domain signal processing; • Provides a state-of-the-art reference in analog circuit design, written by experts from industry and academia; • Presents material in a tutorial-based format.
Bayesian analogy with relational transformations.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Hongjing; Chen, Dawn; Holyoak, Keith J

2012-07-01

How can humans acquire relational representations that enable analogical inference and other forms of high-level reasoning? Using comparative relations as a model domain, we explore the possibility that bottom-up learning mechanisms applied to objects coded as feature vectors can yield representations of relations sufficient to solve analogy problems. We introduce Bayesian analogy with relational transformations (BART) and apply the model to the task of learning first-order comparative relations (e.g., larger, smaller, fiercer, meeker) from a set of animal pairs. Inputs are coded by vectors of continuous-valued features, based either on human magnitude ratings, normed feature ratings (De Deyne et al., 2008), or outputs of the topics model (Griffiths, Steyvers, & Tenenbaum, 2007). Bootstrapping from empirical priors, the model is able to induce first-order relations represented as probabilistic weight distributions, even when given positive examples only. These learned representations allow classification of novel instantiations of the relations and yield a symbolic distance effect of the sort obtained with both humans and other primates. BART then transforms its learned weight distributions by importance-guided mapping, thereby placing distinct dimensions into correspondence. These transformed representations allow BART to reliably solve 4-term analogies (e.g., larger:smaller::fiercer:meeker), a type of reasoning that is arguably specific to humans. Our results provide a proof-of-concept that structured analogies can be solved with representations induced from unstructured feature vectors by mechanisms that operate in a largely bottom-up fashion. We discuss potential implications for algorithmic and neural models of relational thinking, as well as for the evolution of abstract thought. Copyright 2012 APA, all rights reserved.
Analogical reasoning for reliability analysis based on generic data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kozin, Igor O

1996-10-01

The paper suggests using the systemic concept 'analogy' for the foundation of an approach to analyze system reliability on the basis of generic data, describing the method of structuring the set that defines analogical models, an approach of transition from the analogical model to a reliability model and a way of obtaining reliability intervals of analogous objects.
Analogical reasoning for reliability analysis based on generic data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kozin, Igor O.

1996-01-01

The paper suggests using the systemic concept 'analogy' for the foundation of an approach to analyze system reliability on the basis of generic data, describing the method of structuring the set that defines analogical models, an approach of transition from the analogical model to a reliability model and a way of obtaining reliability intervals of analogous objects
Analog electronics for radiation detection

CERN Document Server

2016-01-01

Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection showcases the latest advances in readout electronics for particle, or radiation, detectors. Featuring chapters written by international experts in their respective fields, this authoritative text: Defines the main design parameters of front-end circuitry developed in microelectronics technologies Explains the basis for the use of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors for the detection of charged particles and other non-consumer applications Delivers an in-depth review of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), evaluating the pros and cons of ADCs integrated at the pixel, column, and per-chip levels Describes incremental sigma delta ADCs, time-to-digital converter (TDC) architectures, and digital pulse-processing techniques complementary to analog processing Examines the fundamental parameters and front-end types associated with silicon photomultipliers used for single visible-light photon detection Discusses pixel sensors ...
Efectos de la magnesia sobre la combinación de la cal en el clínker

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hesselljerg Christenssen, Niels

1979-06-01

Full Text Available El autor se propone, en este muy apreciable artículo, poner de manifiesto que la magnesia en el clínker de portland no es un constituyente "traza" sino que tiene efectos pequeños pero distintos en la calcinación del clínker, diferentes del efecto perjudicial que ejercería en la estabilidad del hormigón, motivo de su limitación al 6% en la mayoría de las normas qué condicionan al cemento portland.
Personas mayores con demencia institucionalizadas : efectos de la musicoterapia versus los talleres de reminiscencia-recreación

OpenAIRE

Solé Resano, Carme; Mercadal-Brotons, Melissa; Castro, Mónica de; Asensio, Francisca María

2017-01-01

Las personas afectadas de demencia continúan creciendo cada año.. Dentro del marco de la Psicología Positiva, vamos a estudiar los efectos positivos de la musicoterapia en la calidad de vida de las personas con demencia. El objetivo principal es analizar y comparar los efectos de un programa de musicoterapia (grupo experimental), y un programa de reminiscencia/recreación (grupo control) en personas mayores institucionalizadas. Se analiza el impacto: cognitivo, estado anímico y participación-i...
Los efectos agudos de la contaminación del aire en la salud de la población: evidencias de estudios epidemiológicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosales-Castillo José Alberto

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Sintetizar las evidencias de los efectos en la salud de la población por la exposición a contaminación del aire por ozono y partículas suspendidas. Material y métodos. A partir de las principales publicaciones internacionales y mexicanas, publicadas y referidas hasta junio del año 2000, se realizó un metanálisis para resumir los efectos reportados a través del empleo de modelos de efectos aleatorios. Resultados. Los resultados se expresaron como porcentajes de incremento por 10 unidades de concentración de PM10 (µg/m³ y ozono (ppb. Entre los efectos de PM10 cabe destacar el efecto agudo en la mortalidad (0.96%, hospitalizaciones (1.39%, visitas a salas de urgencias (3.11%, síntomas respiratorios (7.72%, parámetros de función pulmonar (1.42%, para capacidad vital forzada (CVF y días de actividad restringida (7.74%. Los efectos de la exposición a ozono son igualmente significativos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran el gran impacto que las concentraciones de contaminantes del aire podrían tener en la salud de las poblaciones urbanas de las grandes metrópolis. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html
Analogical Matrices in Young Children and Students with Intellectual Disability: Reasoning by Analogy or Reasoning by Association?

Science.gov (United States)

Denaes, Caroline

2012-01-01

Background: Analogical reasoning (AR) is renowned for being a complex activity. Young children tend to reason by association, rather by analogy, and people with intellectual disability present problems of memorization. Both these populations usually show low performances in AR. The present author investigated whether familiar material and external…
Neurotoxic Alkaloids: Saxitoxin and Its Analogs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Troco K. Mihali

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Saxitoxin (STX and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs. PSTs are the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP and are mostly associated with marine dinoflagellates (eukaryotes and freshwater cyanobacteria (prokaryotes, which form extensive blooms around the world. PST producing dinoflagellates belong to the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium and Pyrodinium whilst production has been identified in several cyanobacterial genera including Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis, Aphanizomenon Planktothrix and Lyngbya. STX and its analogs can be structurally classified into several classes such as non-sulfated, mono-sulfated, di-sulfated, decarbamoylated and the recently discovered hydrophobic analogs—each with varying levels of toxicity. Biotransformation of the PSTs into other PST analogs has been identified within marine invertebrates, humans and bacteria. An improved understanding of PST transformation into less toxic analogs and degradation, both chemically or enzymatically, will be important for the development of methods for the detoxification of contaminated water supplies and of shellfish destined for consumption. Some PSTs also have demonstrated pharmaceutical potential as a long-term anesthetic in the treatment of anal fissures and for chronic tension-type headache. The recent elucidation of the saxitoxin biosynthetic gene cluster in cyanobacteria and the identification of new PST analogs will present opportunities to further explore the pharmaceutical potential of these intriguing alkaloids.
Efectos de la escopolamina a corto y largo plazo en la memoria y las habilidades conceptuales

OpenAIRE

Sandra Milena Camelo Roa; Alfredo Ardila

2013-01-01

El uso de este tóxico en Colombia con fines delincuenciales representa un problema social y de salud de proporciones inmensurables, de ahí la importancia de conocer sus efectos a corto y largo plazo en la memoria y las habilidades conceptuales. Se evaluaron los efectos de la intoxicación por escopolamina sobre memoria, categorización y clasificación en 20 sujetos, entre 15 y 60 años. Se utilizó un diseño prospectivo con dos mediciones. Los sujetos fueron evaluados a los cinco días después de ...
Modelos teóricos sobre los efectos de los medios de comunicación de masas.

OpenAIRE

Álvarez Gálvez, Javier

2012-01-01

El análisis de la influencia de los medios de comunicación sobre las audiencias resulta una tarea sumamente compleja. Durante el ya pasado siglo XX hemos asistido a una multitud de intentos de explicar los efectos que la comunicación de masas produce sobre las audiencias. Desde las clásicas teorías que, en los años previos a la II Guerra Mundial, proclamaban la omnipotencia del poder de los medios, pasando por las teorías de los efectos limitados, hasta la etapa posterior a los años setenta d...
Efecto de la amonificación sobre el valor nutritivo del ensilaje de maíz

OpenAIRE

Pabón P., Ricardo A.; Toro B., J. Omar; Sánchez G., Hugo

2010-01-01

Mediante la técnica del microsilo, se midió el efecto de niveles de 0, 1, 2 y 3% de NH3 en base a la materia seca sobre el ensilaje de maíz con y sin mazorca. Las variables medidas fueron pH, temperatura, contenido de materia seca (%), contenido de proteína cruda (%), degradabilidad insitu de la materia seca y de la proteína cruda (%) a 48 horas de incubación ruminal. Los resultados muestran el efecto benéfico de la amonificación sobre la estabilidad del ensilaje y sobre su valor nutritivo. E...
A hierarchical spatiotemporal analog forecasting model for count data.

Science.gov (United States)

McDermott, Patrick L; Wikle, Christopher K; Millspaugh, Joshua

2018-01-01

Analog forecasting is a mechanism-free nonlinear method that forecasts a system forward in time by examining how past states deemed similar to the current state moved forward. Previous applications of analog forecasting has been successful at producing robust forecasts for a variety of ecological and physical processes, but it has typically been presented in an empirical or heuristic procedure, rather than as a formal statistical model. The methodology presented here extends the model-based analog method of McDermott and Wikle (Environmetrics, 27, 2016, 70) by placing analog forecasting within a fully hierarchical statistical framework that can accommodate count observations. Using a Bayesian approach, the hierarchical analog model is able to quantify rigorously the uncertainty associated with forecasts. Forecasting waterfowl settling patterns in the northwestern United States and Canada is conducted by applying the hierarchical analog model to a breeding population survey dataset. Sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean is used to help identify potential analogs for the waterfowl settling patterns.
Ecología de la conducta urbana y calidad de vida: el efecto ambiental del basural "La Aguada"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

March, Juan Manuel

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar e identificar patrones conductuales humanos y sus efectos materiales que conducen al deterioro ecosistémico del ambiente urbano periférico de la ciudad de San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca. Dentro de este plan, se focaliza en un efecto ambiental concreto: la formación de un basural en el Norte de la ciudad y sus efectos adversos sobre la salud humana. La metodología empleada corresponde a la antropología ambiental (aplicación de análisis de ecología de la conducta y arqueología de los residuos sólidos urbanos (clasificación y composición de RSUs. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: la composición del basural es mayoritariamente de residuos inorgánicos, siendo el efecto de la chatarra y hojalatas el más peligroso para la salud humana (contaminación de napas subterráneas por percolación de metales pesados; el deterioro visual del paisaje por los residuos constituye un efecto evidente; los patrones de conducta asociados a la formación del basural tienen como base la visión del ecosistema periurbano como un área no valorada (ecosistema sin función definida en la ecología del comportamiento urbano. Conclusión: para arribar a una neutralización del basural es necesario modificar patrones en la ecología de la conducta urbana que conduzcan a un cambio en la visión del ecosistema periférico de la ciudad. Asimismo, es preciso realizar análisis de los estratos acuíferos presentes bajo el área del basural (posible presencia de metales pesados.
Efecto de la harina de champiñón y flavofosfolipol sobre la canal en pollos de engorda

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Sepideh Shamsi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Tras demostrar efectos beneficiosos sobre el desarrollo del crecimiento de pollos, se realizó un estudio para evaluar el efecto de la adición de flavofosfolipol y harina de champiñón común desde el nacimiento y durante todo el período de crecimiento sobre las características de la canal, peso de vísceras y medidas del tracto digestivo en pollos de engorda. Se utilizaron 300 pollitos machos de un día de edad distribuidos al azar en 10 tratamientos con tres repeticiones por tratamiento y 10 pollitos por corral. El experimento consistió en un arreglo factorial de 2 x 5: cinco concentraciones de harina de champiñón (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 y 2.0 g/kg de dieta y la adición de dos concentraciones de flavofosfolipol (0.0 o 5.0 mg/kg, desde el nacimiento hasta el sacrificio a los 42 días de edad. Los resultados demostraron que la adición de harina de champiñón y flavofosfolipol tienen un efecto positivo sobre el peso de partes de la canal de importancia comercial como el pecho y muslos. En cambio, no hubo ningún efecto sobre el peso de las alas. En relación al peso de las vísceras, la harina de champiñón (pero no el flavofosfolipol o la interacción de ambos, afectó el peso del timo, bazo, bolsa de Fabricio e hígado. Finalmente, a pesar de escasos resultados significativos en varias medidas del tracto digestivo, no se encontró ningún efecto estadístico de la harina de champiñón o la adición del antibiótico en estas variables.
El efecto fin de mes en los principales mercados accionarios latinoamericanos

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Werner Kristjanpoller Rodríguez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En los mercados accionarios es frecuente encontrar anomalías de calendario, las cuales han sido objeto de diversos estudios en estas últimas décadas, incluso demostrándose que algunas de ellas a través del tiempo han ido desapareciendo. En este contexto, este artículo analiza una de estas anomalías, el efecto fin de mes, tanto en rendimiento como en volatilidad en los mercados accionarios de seis países latinoamericanos; a saber, Brasil, México, Chile, Colombia, Perú y Argentina en el periodo 1993-2011. La importancia de este estudio radica en poder probar si el efecto de fin de mes ha ido desapareciendo o aún persiste, ya que algunos efectos calendario en mercados accionarios desarrollados se han ido disipando. Los hallazgos de esta investigación, que se realizó de acuerdo con los tres periodos diferentes definidos en la literatura para analizar el impacto fin de mes, muestran que la mayoría de los países bajo análisis obtienen rendimientos anormales positivos en los días asociados al cambio de mes y también muestran anomalías en la volatilidad. Esta investigación no solamente analiza los índices característicos de cada mercado, sino que también las acciones en particular de cada uno, dotándolo de una muestra mucho mayor y exigente al momento de concluir sobre la existencia del fenómeno. También se incluye un análisis de volumen de transacción para verificar ciertas hipótesis del fenómeno asociadas a mayor flujo de efectivo.
Molecular interactions between (--epigallocatechin gallate analogs and pancreatic lipase.

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Shihui Wang

Full Text Available The molecular interactions between pancreatic lipase (PL and four tea polyphenols (EGCG analogs, like (--epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, (--gallocatechin gallate (GCG, (--epicatechin gallate (ECG, and (--epigallocatechin (EC, were studied from PL activity, conformation, kinetics and thermodynamics. It was observed that EGCG analogs inhibited PL activity, and their inhibitory rates decreased by the order of EGCG>GCG>ECG>EC. PL activity at first decreased rapidly and then slowly with the increase of EGCG analogs concentrations. α-Helix content of PL secondary structure decreased dependent on EGCG analogs concentration by the order of EGCG>GCG>ECG>EC. EGCG, ECG, and EC could quench PL fluorescence both dynamically and statically, while GCG only quenched statically. EGCG analogs would induce PL self-assembly into complexes and the hydrodynamic radii of the complexes possessed a close relationship with the inhibitory rates. Kinetics analysis showed that EGCG analogs non-competitively inhibited PL activity and did not bind to PL catalytic site. DSC measurement revealed that EGCG analogs decreased the transition midpoint temperature of PL enzyme, suggesting that these compounds reduced PL enzyme thermostability. In vitro renaturation through urea solution indicated that interactions between PL and EGCG analogs were weak and non-covalent.

Functional DNA: Teaching Infinite Series through Genetic Analogy

Science.gov (United States)

Kowalski, R. Travis

2011-01-01

This article presents an extended analogy that connects infinite sequences and series to the science of genetics, by identifying power series as "DNA for a function." This analogy allows standard topics such as convergence tests or Taylor approximations to be recast in a "forensic" light as mathematical analogs of genetic concepts such as DNA…
Antioxidantes de origen vegetal. Efecto sobre el envejecimiento

OpenAIRE

Descalzo Perea, Virginia

2016-01-01

Este trabajo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica sobre diferentes tipos de antioxidantes de origen vegetal que podemos encontrar en los alimentos, así como sus características y efectos principales. Los radicales libres más frecuentes son los derivados del oxígeno y se producen como consecuencia de las reacciones de oxidación, que constituyen una parte esencial del metabolismo. Cuando la producción de radicales libres excede a la defensa antioxidante se da un desequilibrio y, como consecue...
Analog techniques in CEBAF's RF control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hovater, C.; Fugitt, J.

1989-01-01

Recent developments in high-speed analog technology have progressed into the areas of traditional RF technology. Diode related devices are being replaced by analog IC's in the CEBAF RF control system. Complex phase modulators and attenuators have been successfully tested at 70 MHz. They have three advantages over existing technology: lower cost, less temperature sensitivity, and more linearity. RF signal conditioning components and how to implement the new analog IC's will be covered in this paper. 4 refs., 5 figs
Analog techniques in CEBAF'S RF control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hovater, C.; Fugitt, J.

1989-01-01

Recent developments in high-speed analog technology have progressed into the areas of traditional rf technology. Diode-related devices are being replaced by analog IC's in the CEBAF rf control system. Complex phase modulators and attenuators have been successfully tested at 70 MHz. They have three advantages over existing technology: lower cost, less temperature sensitivity, and more linearity. Rf signal conditioning components and how to implement the new analog IC's will be covered in this paper. 4 refs., 5 figs
Benefit of Analog, Programmable and Digital Hearing Aids

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Jamileh Fatahi

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Background and Aims: As the hearing aid technology progressively promotes toward replacing analog hearing aids with digital and programmable ones, comparison of the patient satisfaction of those kinds of hearing aids by means of a valuable tool seems so necessary. So, the aim of this study was to compare self-reported benefit of analog, digitally controlled programmable and digital hearing aids for reducing disability caused by hearing impairment in mild to severe sensorineural hearing impaired persons. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 persons with mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss dividing into three groups: 43 subjects were fitted with digital, 15 with programmable, 32 with analog hearing aids. After pure tone audiometry, Abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit (APHAB was completed before and one month after using hearing aids to determine the benefit of them. Results: Global APHAB mean scores for digital, programmable and analog hearing aids were 49.05, 33.19 and 39.53, respectively. Ease of Communication subscale mean scores were 53.46 for digitals, 37.66 for programmables and 39.09 for analogs. Background noise subscale mean scores for digital programmable and analog hearing aids were 46.36, 25.53 and 35.31, respectively. Global and also both subscale mean scores showed significant difference between digital hearing aids and programmable and analog ones. There was no significant difference between reverberation subscale mean scores of three groups. Conclusion: It seems digital hearing aids may be more beneficial to reduce disability caused by hearing loss than analog and programmable hearing aids are.
Efectos tóxicos del paracetamol en la salud humana y el ambiente

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Rosa Leonor Acevedo-Barrios

2017-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se detallan los efectos tóxicos del paracetamol en la salud humana y el ambiente, detallando las generalidades del paracetamol APAP. El metabolismo del APAP y factores potenciales que influyen en su toxicidad, pasando por estudios de toxicidad y por último el destino ambiental. El paracetamol es un analgésico de uso común, presenta alta hidrosolubilidad, eliminándose hasta un 90% por gluconación o sulfación; pero su metabólito N-acetil-para-benzoilquinoneimina en ocasiones se expulsa por medio de las heces y orina, volviéndose un compuesto toxico persistente. Se observan efectos crónicos principalmente en organismos acuáticos, a través de la exposición a diferentes concentraciones de APAP durante un prolongado período de tiempo.
ANALOGICAL REASONING USING TRANSFORMATIONS OF RULES

OpenAIRE

Haraguchi, Makoto; 原口, 誠

1986-01-01

A formalism of analogical reasoning is presented. The analogical reasoning can be considered as a deduction with a function of transforming logical rules. From this viewpoint, the reasoning is defined in terms of deduction, and is therefore realized in a logic programming system. The reasoning system is described as an extension of Prolog interpreter.
Priming atencional en patrones visuales jerárquicos: efectos del nivel atendido, tamaño absoluto y congruencia estimular

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Antonio Prieto

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Estudios previos sobre el procesamiento visual de patrones jerárquicos, muestran que la respuesta ante objetivos presentados en cualquiera de sus niveles (global/local es más rápida cuando en el ensayo anterior el objetivo se presentó en ese mismo nivel (efecto de priming secuencial. En el presente trabajo, se utiliza un nuevo paradigma de priming atencional para explorar la existencia de este efecto secuencial dentro de cada ensayo en lugar de en diferentes ensayos. Para ello se realizaron dos experimentos en los que se manipuló el tipo de atención (selectiva vs. dividida, la congruencia de los estímulos y el tamaño absoluto de los mismos. Los resultados indican que el efecto de priming secuencial se debe al nivel jerárquico atendido, con independencia del tamaño absoluto de los estímulos, en tareas de atención selectiva (Experimento 1, y que es modulado por el tamaño absoluto de los estímulos tras el cambio a una tarea de atención dividida (Experimento 2. Por último, el efecto de priming secuencial tan solo aparece cuando los estímulos presentados son incongruentes.
Modelacion del Efecto del Día de la Semana para los Indices Accionarios de Colombia mediante un Modelo STAR GARCH.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Mauricio Rivera Palacio

2010-05-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de los retornos de los tres principales índices bursátiles de Colombia: el IBB de la Bolsa de Bogotá, el IBOMED de la Bolsa de Medellin, y el IGBC de Bolsa de Valores de Colombia. A través de un modelo STAR GARCH se identifican dos estados o regiones extremos; mientras en el primero los rendimientos de los índices son, en términos absolutos, bajos y los procesos son estacionarios, en el segundo se tienen grandes pérdidas o ganancias, donde los efectos de los choques son permanentes. Aunque en cada uno de los regímenes el efecto del día de la semana es diferente, los resultados indican que para los tres índices existe un efecto del día de la semana en la media, y un efecto del día en la varianza para la Bolsa de Bogotá y Bolsa de Valores de Colombia. Los resultados contradicen la hipótesis de un mercado de acciones efciente en información.
La responsabilidad social corporativa de las marcas globales y sus efectos en la conducta del consumidor: un estudio del sector moda rápida.

OpenAIRE

Rivera Alcamí, José Javier

2015-01-01

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa de las Marcas Globales y sus Efectos en la Conducta del Consumidor: un Estudio del Sector Moda Rápida. Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo principal, diseñar y contrastar empíricamente un modelo de relaciones causales, que analiza los efectos en la conducta del consumidor de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC), de las marcas globales. Los efectos, en la conducta del consumidor, se analizan a partir de la percepción de marca global, y a trav...
Evite el efecto látigo en su planificación

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fransoo, J.C.; Moscoso, P.G.; Wäfler, T.; Fischer, D.

2008-01-01

El artículo explica los factores que pueden provocar que una empresa padezca el "efecto látigo" en la planificación de su producción. A partir de esto presenta medidas que pueden ayudar a mitigarlo. Aunque los autores avisan de que no hay soluciones generales, sino que cada empresa debe crear su
Josephson junction analog and quasiparticle-pair current

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bak, Christen Kjeldahl; Pedersen, Niels Falsig

1973-01-01

A close analogy exists between a Josephson junction and a phase-locked loop. A new type of electrical analog based on this principle is presented. It is shown that the inclusion in this analog of a low-pass filter gives rise to a current of the same form as the Josephson quasiparticle-pair current....... A simple picture of the quasiparticle-pair current, which gives the right dependences, is obtained by assuming a junction cutoff frequency to be at the energy gap. ©1973 American Institute of Physics...
Fast parallel-series analog-to-digital converter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pogosov, A.Yu.

1987-01-01

Fast analog-to-digital converters are used in systems for detection of rapid processes, nuclear spectroscopy. A 12-digit analog-to-digital converter with conversion time of 160 ns and conversion frequency of 8.3 MHz is described; a segmented digital-to-analog converter with differential non-linearity of < 0.01% and a differential amplifier-limiter with setting time of 80 ns at the error of 0.2% are utilized in the converter; a control device is based on the chain of flip-flop circuit
CMOS Analog IC Design: Fundamentals

OpenAIRE

Bruun, Erik

2018-01-01

This book is intended for use as the main textbook for an introductory course in CMOS analog integrated circuit design. It is aimed at electronics engineering students who have followed basic courses in mathematics, physics, circuit theory, electronics and signal processing. It takes the students directly from a basic level to a level where they can start working on simple analog IC design projects or continue their studies using more advanced textbooks in the field. A distinct feature of thi...
Cyclopentanoid analogs of phosphatidylcholine: susceptibility to phospholipase A2.

Science.gov (United States)

Lister, M D; Hancock, A J

1988-10-01

Six isomers of dipalmitoylcyclopentanetriol phosphocholine (cyclopentano-lecithin) were tested as potential substrates for phospholipase A2. Since each of these analogs possesses a configuration that mimics a narrow range of conformations of a glycerophospholipid molecule, the analogs were used to assess the enzyme's conformational requirements. Studies showed that all of the analogs containing the phosphocholine at the C-1 (or C-3) position could be hydrolyzed, while only one of the three analogs that contains the polar head group at the C-2 position was susceptible. Kinetic studies, however, revealed that only the all-trans-(1,3/2-1P)-cyclopentano-lecithin gave initial rates of hydrolysis that were measurable by pH-stat. Acyl group specificity of the enzyme towards the all-trans isomer was determined with an analog was acyl groups were distinguishable. The synthesis of this mixed-acid-cyclopentano-PC is described herein. When this analog was enzymatically assayed, results unequivocally showed the enzyme to be specific for C-2 acyl hydrolysis. This specificity, and data showing that the all-trans analog is stereospecifically hydrolyzed, indicate that it is acted on in an analogous manner to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. These studies indicate that although the configuration of the analog is not necessarily a prerequisite for hydrolysis, there does appear to be an optimal spatial orientation for enzymatic activity. The analogy between the susceptibilities of all-trans-(1,3/2-1P)-cyclopentano-lecithin and glycero-lecithin suggests that the conformation of the glycero-lecithin during phospholipase A2-mediated hydrolysis may be best simulated by the all-trans orientation of C-O bonds in the artificial substrate.
Efecto agudo y retardado de siete tipos de estímulos diferentes sobre la capacidad de salto y efecto de ocho estímulos diferentes sobre la capacidad de salto y la velocidad de desplazamiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Sáez Sáez de Villarreal

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizaron 3 estudios experimentales para determinar el efecto agudo y retardado de diferentes estímulos sobre la capacidad de salto (CSV y velocidad de desplazamiento (VD. En el primer estudio comprobamos el efecto de 7 tipos de estímulos de activación muscular sobre la CSV a corto y largo plazo (5 min-6 h. 12 jugadores de voleibol de 1ª división, realizaron diferentes estímulos de activación aleatoriamente. La utilización de movimientos dinámicos con cargas de alta intensidad (80-95% 1RMSP así como protocolos de calentamiento específicos para el voleibol generaron mejores efectos neuromusculares sobre las acciones explosivas realizadas a corto plazo (5 min.. Los efectos agudos positivos sobre la CSV tras una óptima activación fueron mantenidos después de largos periodos de descanso (6 horas, cuando se realizaron acciones dinámicas de alta intensidad. En el segundo estudio examinamos el efecto de tres frecuencias de entrenamiento pliométrico (1, 2 y 4 días/sem durante un programa de 7 semanas, sobre la CSV, la VD la fuerza máxima (FM y explosiva (FE. 42 estudiantes fueron aleatoriamente asignados en 4 grupos experimentales. El entrenamiento incluía saltos drop jump (DJ desde 20-40-60 cm. El tratamiento (2 días/sem, 840 saltos produjo similares mejoras en la CSV, aunque fue más eficiente (~12% y 0,014%/salto cuando se comparó con un volumen de (4 días/sem, 1.680 saltos (~18% y 0,011%/saltos. Se observaron mejoras similares en la VD en 20m y en la FM tanto utilizando un moderado o bajo como un alto volumen de entrenamiento, a pesar de que el número medio de saltos realizados por el grupo 7S (420 saltos y 14S (840 saltos fue un 25% y un 50% de los realizados por el grupo 28S (1680 saltos. En el tercer estudio examinamos el efecto retardado de 5 estímulos diferentes sobre la CSV y la VD después de 7 semanas de entrenamiento. 63 estudiantes fueron aleatoriamente asignados en 5 grupos experimentales. Se produjo una mejora
NaturAnalogs for the Unsaturated Zone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A. Simmons; A. Unger; M. Murrell

2000-03-08

The purpose of this Analysis/Model Report (AMR) is to document natural and anthropogenic (human-induced) analog sites and processes that are applicable to flow and transport processes expected to occur at the potential Yucca Mountain repository in order to build increased confidence in modeling processes of Unsaturated Zone (UZ) flow and transport. This AMR was prepared in accordance with ''AMR Development Plan for U0135, Natural Analogs for the UZ'' (CRWMS 1999a). Knowledge from analog sites and processes is used as corroborating information to test and build confidence in flow and transport models of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This AMR supports the Unsaturated Zone (UZ) Flow and Transport Process Model Report (PMR) and the Yucca Mountain Site Description. The objectives of this AMR are to test and build confidence in the representation of UZ processes in numerical models utilized in the UZ Flow and Transport Model. This is accomplished by: (1) applying data from Boxy Canyon, Idaho in simulations of UZ flow using the same methodologies incorporated in the Yucca Mountain UZ Flow and Transport Model to assess the fracture-matrix interaction conceptual model; (2) Providing a preliminary basis for analysis of radionuclide transport at Pena Blanca, Mexico as an analog of radionuclide transport at Yucca Mountain; and (3) Synthesizing existing information from natural analog studies to provide corroborating evidence for representation of ambient and thermally coupled UZ flow and transport processes in the UZ Model.
Analogy, higher order thinking, and education.

Science.gov (United States)

Richland, Lindsey Engle; Simms, Nina

2015-01-01

Analogical reasoning, the ability to understand phenomena as systems of structured relationships that can be aligned, compared, and mapped together, plays a fundamental role in the technology rich, increasingly globalized educational climate of the 21st century. Flexible, conceptual thinking is prioritized in this view of education, and schools are emphasizing 'higher order thinking', rather than memorization of a cannon of key topics. The lack of a cognitively grounded definition for higher order thinking, however, has led to a field of research and practice with little coherence across domains or connection to the large body of cognitive science research on thinking. We review literature on analogy and disciplinary higher order thinking to propose that relational reasoning can be productively considered the cognitive underpinning of higher order thinking. We highlight the utility of this framework for developing insights into practice through a review of mathematics, science, and history educational contexts. In these disciplines, analogy is essential to developing expert-like disciplinary knowledge in which concepts are understood to be systems of relationships that can be connected and flexibly manipulated. At the same time, analogies in education require explicit support to ensure that learners notice the relevance of relational thinking, have adequate processing resources available to mentally hold and manipulate relations, and are able to recognize both the similarities and differences when drawing analogies between systems of relationships. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analog forecasting with dynamics-adapted kernels

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Zhizhen; Giannakis, Dimitrios

2016-09-01

Analog forecasting is a nonparametric technique introduced by Lorenz in 1969 which predicts the evolution of states of a dynamical system (or observables defined on the states) by following the evolution of the sample in a historical record of observations which most closely resembles the current initial data. Here, we introduce a suite of forecasting methods which improve traditional analog forecasting by combining ideas from kernel methods developed in harmonic analysis and machine learning and state-space reconstruction for dynamical systems. A key ingredient of our approach is to replace single-analog forecasting with weighted ensembles of analogs constructed using local similarity kernels. The kernels used here employ a number of dynamics-dependent features designed to improve forecast skill, including Takens’ delay-coordinate maps (to recover information in the initial data lost through partial observations) and a directional dependence on the dynamical vector field generating the data. Mathematically, our approach is closely related to kernel methods for out-of-sample extension of functions, and we discuss alternative strategies based on the Nyström method and the multiscale Laplacian pyramids technique. We illustrate these techniques in applications to forecasting in a low-order deterministic model for atmospheric dynamics with chaotic metastability, and interannual-scale forecasting in the North Pacific sector of a comprehensive climate model. We find that forecasts based on kernel-weighted ensembles have significantly higher skill than the conventional approach following a single analog.
Natural Analogs for the Unsaturated Zone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simmons, A.; Unger, A.; Murrell, M.

2000-01-01

The purpose of this Analysis/Model Report (AMR) is to document natural and anthropogenic (human-induced) analog sites and processes that are applicable to flow and transport processes expected to occur at the potential Yucca Mountain repository in order to build increased confidence in modeling processes of Unsaturated Zone (UZ) flow and transport. This AMR was prepared in accordance with ''AMR Development Plan for U0135, Natural Analogs for the UZ'' (CRWMS 1999a). Knowledge from analog sites and processes is used as corroborating information to test and build confidence in flow and transport models of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This AMR supports the Unsaturated Zone (UZ) Flow and Transport Process Model Report (PMR) and the Yucca Mountain Site Description. The objectives of this AMR are to test and build confidence in the representation of UZ processes in numerical models utilized in the UZ Flow and Transport Model. This is accomplished by: (1) applying data from Boxy Canyon, Idaho in simulations of UZ flow using the same methodologies incorporated in the Yucca Mountain UZ Flow and Transport Model to assess the fracture-matrix interaction conceptual model; (2) Providing a preliminary basis for analysis of radionuclide transport at Pena Blanca, Mexico as an analog of radionuclide transport at Yucca Mountain; and (3) Synthesizing existing information from natural analog studies to provide corroborating evidence for representation of ambient and thermally coupled UZ flow and transport processes in the UZ Model

AVANCEMOS: Efectos sobre el abandono educativo en el hogar de personas beneficiarias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alfonso Muñoz-Alvarado

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En el siguiente trabajo se presenta la diferencia entre las variables que explican el abandono educativo en los hogares en los que, al menos, una persona es beneficiaria de AVANCEMOS y en los hogares donde nadie lo es. Además, se busca demostrar si existe algún efecto en el programa AVANCEMOS sobre estudiantes familiares de un beneficiario directo en cuanto a su decisión de abandonar el sistema educativo. Utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares para el año 2013 del INEC y por medio de modelos logísticos y estadística descriptiva, se obtuvo como resultados que algunas variables que influyen en el abandono escolar como zona, calidad de la vivienda, servicios básicos y el género no influencian de la misma forma los hogares que tienen o no AVACEMOS, mientras que la edad siempre es importante para cualquier estudiante a la hora de tomar su decisión de desistir del estudio, sin importar las condiciones de su hogar. Además, los 18 años son una edad decisiva para tal efecto, ya que presenta un punto de quiebre en su decisión de seguir estudiando o no. AVANCEMOS no presenta efectos sobre hermanos o hermanas de quienes se benefician directamente del programa; pero es mayor la proporción de estudiantes que abandonan el sistema educativo, un 59,28% para trabajar, si provienen de un hogar con AVANCEMOS; en contra de provenientes de un hogar que no es partícipe del programa, que corresponde a un 48,35% de esta población.
Circuit with a successive approximation analog to digital converter

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Louwsma, S.M.; Vertregt, Maarten

2011-01-01

During successive approximation analog to digital conversion a series of successive digital reference values is selected that converges towards a digital representation of an analog input signal. An analog reference signal is generated dependent on the successive digital reference values and
Circuit with a successive approximation analog to digital converter

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Louwsma, S.M.; Vertregt, Maarten

2010-01-01

During successive approximation analog to digital conversion a series of successive digital reference values is selected that converges towards a digital representation of an analog input signal. An analog reference signal is generated dependent on the successive digital reference values and
16-channel analog store and multiplexer unit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brossard, M; Kulka, Z [Clermont-Ferrand-2 Univ., 63 - Aubiere (France). Lab. de Physique Corpusculaire

1979-03-15

A 16-channel analog store and multiplexer unit is described. The unit enables storing and selection of analog information which is then digitally encoded by single ADC. This solution becomes economically attractive particularly in multidetector pulse height analysis systems.
Principio de proporcionalidad y principio de Doble Efecto. Una propuesta desde la Filosofía del Derecho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristóbal Orrego-Sánchez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo propone, desde la perspectiva de la filosofía del derecho, un complemento del principio de proporcionalidad, acogido por una parte de la dogmática constitucional y de los tribunales constitucionales o internacionales que adjudican sobre derechos humanos, mediante el principio de doble efecto, clásico en la filosofía moral. Primero, plantea el problema de los análisis de proporcionalidad para la filosofía del derecho, en su aspecto fundamentalmente crítico y ético-político. Después, presenta el principio de doble efecto, de acuerdo con las investigaciones más recientes. Enseguida, sintetiza el principio de proporcionalidad, acudiendo también a algunas obras representativas de la dogmática constitucional. Finalmente, sugiere algunas comparaciones y formas de retener el principio, no obstante sus límites, mejorando su uso mediante la incorporación expresa del principio de doble efecto en la adjudicación constitucional sobre la protección de derechos fundamentales.
EFECTOS DEL MERCURIO SOBRE ALGUNAS PLANTAS ACUÁTICAS TROPICALES

OpenAIRE

Posada, Martha Isabel; Arroyave, María del Pilar

2006-01-01

El presente artículo es una descripción de los efectos del mercurio sobre algunas plantas acuáticas tropicales y sobre los ecosistemas donde habitan. Adicionalmente, se recomienda un protocolo para realizar pruebas de toxicidad con la lenteja de agua (Lemna minor) y se presentan los resultados de los preensayos con diferentes concentraciones de sales de mercurio en condiciones de laboratorio. Se encontró que la biodisponibilidad del mercurio depende de factores que facilitan la disolución del...
Efecto de la ciclosporina A y el verapamil en el pancreas endocrino de ratas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nuris Ledón Naranjo

1995-08-01

Full Text Available Se demostró el efecto tóxico de la ciclosporina A (10 mg/kg sobre las células ß- pancreáticas, al ser suministrada diariamente durante una semana a ratas Wistar, así como la reducción de su toxicidad por tratamiento conjunto de verapamil (1 mg/kg. El tratamiento con ciclosporina A produjo hiperglicemia, disminuyó la tolerancia a la glucosa y los niveles de insulina, lo que ocasionó una reducción del incremento de peso en las ratas. Desde el punto de vista ultraestructural, se observó desorden y destrucción celular. Se concluyó que el tratamiento con ciclosporina A y verapamil simultáneamente evitó los efectos tóxicos de la ciclosporina A.
Analogical Reasoning in the Engineering Design Process and Technology Education Applications

OpenAIRE

2008-01-01

This synthesis paper discusses the research exploring analogical reasoning, the role of analogies in the engineering design process, and educational applications for analogical reasoning. Researchers have discovered that analogical reasoning is often a fundamental cognitive tool in design problem solving. Regarding the possible role of analogical reasoning in the context of technology education; analogies may be a useful tool to develop student’s design skills, teach abstract or complex conce...
Efecto del Propóleos Chileno sobre el Metabolismo de Glucosa en Ratones Diabéticos

OpenAIRE

Pacheco, Alejandro; Daleprane, Julio B; Freitas, Vanessa S; Ferderbar, Simone; Hirabara, Sandro; Cuevas, Alejandro; Saavedra, Nicolás; Curi, Rui; Abdalla, Dulcineia S. P; Salazar, Luis A

2011-01-01

En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto del propóleos sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa en ratones C57/BL-6 con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 inducida por dieta alta en grasa. Se midieron los cambios en las concentraciones séricas de lípidos, glucosa e insulina, y el efecto sobre la captación de 2-deoxi-[2,6-3H]-D-glucosa, síntesis de [14C]-glicógeno y descarboxilación de [U-14C]-D-glucosa inducida por insulina en músculo aislado. Los resultados muestran que en ratones diabéticos, el tratamien...
Efectos de la comida sobre variables antropométricas y de grasa de tronco y visceral por bioimpedancia

OpenAIRE

Diego-Acosta, Ángel Mario; Fernández-Vázquez, R; García-Vega, MM; García-Lavigne, JA; Martínez-Blanco, J; Rodríguez-Linares, MV; Ramos-Gil, R; Alvero-Cruz, Jose Ramon

2014-01-01

Los efectos de la comida y la bebida sobre las mediciones masa grasa (MG) derivadas por bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA) tienen efectos que pueden modificar las estimaciones de MG Y masa libre de grasa. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar si existen diferencias en el perímetro abdominal máximo (PAbM), diámetro sagital abdominal (DSA) como indicadores de obesidad central y en las variables de grasa de tronco y visceral estimadas por BIA. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internaci...
Eye Movements Reveal Optimal Strategies for Analogical Reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Vendetti, Michael S; Starr, Ariel; Johnson, Elizabeth L; Modavi, Kiana; Bunge, Silvia A

2017-01-01

Analogical reasoning refers to the process of drawing inferences on the basis of the relational similarity between two domains. Although this complex cognitive ability has been the focus of inquiry for many years, most models rely on measures that cannot capture individuals' thought processes moment by moment. In the present study, we used participants' eye movements to investigate reasoning strategies in real time while solving visual propositional analogy problems (A:B::C:D). We included both a semantic and a perceptual lure on every trial to determine how these types of distracting information influence reasoning strategies. Participants spent more time fixating the analogy terms and the target relative to the other response choices, and made more saccades between the A and B items than between any other items. Participants' eyes were initially drawn to perceptual lures when looking at response choices, but they nonetheless performed the task accurately. We used participants' gaze sequences to classify each trial as representing one of three classic analogy problem solving strategies and related strategy usage to analogical reasoning performance. A project-first strategy, in which participants first extrapolate the relation between the AB pair and then generalize that relation for the C item, was both the most commonly used strategy as well as the optimal strategy for solving visual analogy problems. These findings provide new insight into the role of strategic processing in analogical problem solving.
Eye Movements Reveal Optimal Strategies for Analogical Reasoning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael S. Vendetti

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Analogical reasoning refers to the process of drawing inferences on the basis of the relational similarity between two domains. Although this complex cognitive ability has been the focus of inquiry for many years, most models rely on measures that cannot capture individuals' thought processes moment by moment. In the present study, we used participants' eye movements to investigate reasoning strategies in real time while solving visual propositional analogy problems (A:B::C:D. We included both a semantic and a perceptual lure on every trial to determine how these types of distracting information influence reasoning strategies. Participants spent more time fixating the analogy terms and the target relative to the other response choices, and made more saccades between the A and B items than between any other items. Participants' eyes were initially drawn to perceptual lures when looking at response choices, but they nonetheless performed the task accurately. We used participants' gaze sequences to classify each trial as representing one of three classic analogy problem solving strategies and related strategy usage to analogical reasoning performance. A project-first strategy, in which participants first extrapolate the relation between the AB pair and then generalize that relation for the C item, was both the most commonly used strategy as well as the optimal strategy for solving visual analogy problems. These findings provide new insight into the role of strategic processing in analogical problem solving.
An Analog Computer for Electronic Engineering Education

Science.gov (United States)

Fitch, A. L.; Iu, H. H. C.; Lu, D. D. C.

2011-01-01

This paper describes a compact analog computer and proposes its use in electronic engineering teaching laboratories to develop student understanding of applications in analog electronics, electronic components, engineering mathematics, control engineering, safe laboratory and workshop practices, circuit construction, testing, and maintenance. The…
The interplay of conflict and analogy in multidisciplinary teams.

Science.gov (United States)

Paletz, Susannah B F; Schunn, Christian D; Kim, Kevin H

2013-01-01

Creative teamwork in multidisciplinary teams is a topic of interest to cognitive psychologists on the one hand, and to both social and organizational psychologists on the other. However, the interconnections between cognitive and social layers have been rarely explored. Drawing on mental models and dissonance theories, the current study takes a central variable studied by cognitive psychologists-analogy-and examines its relationship to a central variable examined by social psychologists-conflict. In an observational, field study, over 11h of audio-video data from conversations of the Mars Exploration Rover scientists were coded for different types of analogy and micro-conflicts that reveal the character of underlying psychological mechanisms. Two different types of time-lagged logistic models applied to these data revealed asymmetric patterns of associations between analogy and conflict. Within-domain analogies, but not within-discipline or outside-discipline analogies, preceded science and work process conflicts, suggesting that in multidisciplinary teams, representational gaps in very close domains will be more likely to spark conflict. But analogies also occurred in reaction to conflict: Process and negative conflicts, but not task conflicts, preceded within-discipline analogies, but not to within-domain or outside-discipline analogies. This study demonstrates ways in which cognition can be bidirectionally tied to social processes and discourse. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fluorinated analogs of malachite green: synthesis and toxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Kraus, George A; Jeon, Insik; Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit; Awad, Ahmed M; Banerjee, Jayeeta; Parvin, Bahram

2008-04-27

A series of fluorinated analogs of malachite green (MG) have been synthesized and their toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a human ovarian epithelial cell line examined. The toxicity profiles were found to be different for these two species. Two analogs, one with 2,4-difluoro substitution and the other with 2-fluoro substitution seem to be the most promising analogs because they showed the lowest toxicity to the human cells.
Analogies between classical statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uehara, M.

1986-01-01

Some analogies between nonequilibrium classical statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, at the level of the Liouville equation and at the kinetic level, are commented on. A theorem, related to the Vlasov equation applied to a plasma, is proved. The theorem presents an analogy with Ehrenfest's theorem of quantum mechanics. An analogy between the plasma kinetic theory and Bohm's quantum theory with 'hidden variables' is also shown. (Author) [pt
Rutas de glicosilación en Candida albicans: circuitos reguladores y efectos sobre virulencia

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Cantero, María del Pilar

2011-01-01

[ES]Esta tesis trata sobre las rutas de glicosilación en Candida albicans: circuitos reguladores y efectos sobre virulencia. [EN]This thesis is about glycosylation pathways in Candida albicans: regulatory circuits and effects on virulence.
Efecto de cohorte en la evolución de la mortalidad por enfermedad de la motoneurona en España, 1951-1992

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Llorca Díaz Javier

1999-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Se ha descrito un aumento en la mortalidad por enfermedad de la motoneurona (EMN en España en las últimas décadas; se ha sugerido que este aumento se debe a un efecto de cohorte, pero esta hipótesis no ha sido comprobada. MÉTODOS: Los datos de mortalidad por edad y sexo debido a la EMN se han obtenido del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Se han calculado las tasas de mortalidad específicas por edad y las tasas ajustadas por edad. Mediante regresión de Poisson se ha analizado el efecto de la cohorte de nacimiento en la mortalidad por edades; el efecto de cohorte fue también analizado por métodos gráficos. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad ajustada por edad descendió hasta 1969 y aumentó desde entonces. Cada cohorte quinquenal de nacimiento aumenta en un 8,5% el riesgo de morir por EMN. CONCLUSIONES: El aumento de la mortalidad por EMN en España está causado por un efecto de cohorte.
Tracking cognitive phases in analogical reasoning with event-related potentials.

Science.gov (United States)

Maguire, Mandy J; McClelland, M Michelle; Donovan, Colin M; Tillman, Gail D; Krawczyk, Daniel C

2012-03-01

Analogical reasoning consists of multiple phases. Four-term analogies (A:B::C:D) have an encoding period in which the A:B pair is evaluated prior to a mapping phase. The electrophysiological timing associated with analogical reasoning has remained unclear. We used event-related potentials to identify neural timing related to analogical reasoning relative to perceptual and semantic control conditions. Spatiotemporal principal-components analyses revealed differences primarily in left frontal electrodes during encoding and mapping phases of analogies relative to the other conditions. The timing of the activity differed depending upon the phase of the problem. During the encoding of A:B terms, analogies elicited a positive deflection compared to the control conditions between 400 and 1,200 ms, but for the mapping phase analogical processing elicited a negative deflection that occurred earlier and for a shorter time period, between 350 and 625 ms. These results provide neural and behavioral evidence that 4-term analogy problems involve a highly active evaluation phase of the A:B pair. 2012 APA, all rights reserved
Crema dental con manzanilla, efecto estomatológico

OpenAIRE

Estela Gispert Abreu; . Elena Cantillo Estrada; . Aracelys Rivero López; Berta Oramas Rodríguez

1998-01-01

Se plantea que la manzanilla tiene propiedades antiinflamatorias y antisépticas. Se evaluó el efecto estomatológico del cepillado con una crema dental que contiene aceite esencial de manzanilla, una vez al día durante 21 días en 27 niños de 10 años de edad, y en otros 23 niños que se cepillaron con una crema dental placebo. Entre los grupos no existían al inicio diferencias significativas en los parámetros evaluados. El grupo cepillado con la crema dental de manzanilla redujo significativamen...

High-frequency analog integrated circuit design

CERN Document Server

1995-01-01

To learn more about designing analog integrated circuits (ICs) at microwave frequencies using GaAs materials, turn to this text and reference. It addresses GaAs MESFET-based IC processing. Describes the newfound ability to apply silicon analog design techniques to reliable GaAs materials and devices which, until now, was only available through technical papers scattered throughout hundred of articles in dozens of professional journals.
HAPS, a Handy Analog Programming System

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Højberg, Kristian Søe

1975-01-01

HAPS (Hybrid Analog Programming System) is an analog compiler that can be run on a minicomputer in an interactive mode. Essentially HAPS is written in FORTRAN. The equations to be programmed for an ana log computer are read in by using a FORTRAN-like notation. The input must contain maximum...... and emphasizes the limitations HAPS puts on equation structure, types of computing circuit, scaling, and static testing....
The use of analogy in pro-life argumentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simona Mazilu

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The paper is concerned with how analogy is strategically used in pro-life argumentation on abortion. Pragma-dialectics (van Eemeren and Grootendorst 1992 offers a set of critical questions by means of which I will evaluate the use of the argumentation based on a relation of analogy in terms of dialectical soundness. Examining various pro-life texts, I have noticed that the analogies employed remain unexplained. Therefore, despite the apparent similarities between abortion and the German holocaust or slavery, for instance, there are essential differences which are not mentioned. I claim that these analogies mainly have a rhetorical function, to operate what has been called by Micheli (2007: 960 “a transfer of emotional consensus”.
Patterns of Analogical Reasoning among Beginning Readers

Science.gov (United States)

Farrington-Flint, Lee; Wood, Clare; Canobi, Katherine H.; Faulkner, Dorothy

2004-01-01

Despite compelling evidence that analogy skills are available to beginning readers, few studies have actually explored the possibility of identifying individual differences in young children's analogy skills in early reading. The present study examined individual differences in children's use of orthographic and phonological relations between…
Single-event transients (SET) in analog circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Panxun; Zhou Kaiming

2006-01-01

A new phenomenon of single- event upset is introduced. The transient signal is produced in the output of analog circuits after a heavy ion strikes. The transient upset can influence the circuit connected with the output of analog circuits. For example, the output of operational amplifier can be connected with the input of a digital counter, and the pulse of sufficiently high transient output induced by an ion can increase counts of the counter. On the other hand, the transient voltage signal at the output of analog circuits can change the stage of other circuits. (authors)
An analog silicon retina with multichip configuration.

Science.gov (United States)

Kameda, Seiji; Yagi, Tetsuya

2006-01-01

The neuromorphic silicon retina is a novel analog very large scale integrated circuit that emulates the structure and the function of the retinal neuronal circuit. We fabricated a neuromorphic silicon retina, in which sample/hold circuits were embedded to generate fluctuation-suppressed outputs in the previous study [1]. The applications of this silicon retina, however, are limited because of a low spatial resolution and computational variability. In this paper, we have fabricated a multichip silicon retina in which the functional network circuits are divided into two chips: the photoreceptor network chip (P chip) and the horizontal cell network chip (H chip). The output images of the P chip are transferred to the H chip with analog voltages through the line-parallel transfer bus. The sample/hold circuits embedded in the P and H chips compensate for the pattern noise generated on the circuits, including the analog communication pathway. Using the multichip silicon retina together with an off-chip differential amplifier, spatial filtering of the image with an odd- and an even-symmetric orientation selective receptive fields was carried out in real time. The analog data transfer method in the present multichip silicon retina is useful to design analog neuromorphic multichip systems that mimic the hierarchical structure of neuronal networks in the visual system.
Reynolds analogy for the Rayleigh problem at various flow modes.

Science.gov (United States)

Abramov, A A; Butkovskii, A V

2016-07-01

The Reynolds analogy and the extended Reynolds analogy for the Rayleigh problem are considered. For a viscous incompressible fluid we derive the Reynolds analogy as a function of the Prandtl number and the Eckert number. We show that for any positive Eckert number, the Reynolds analogy as a function of the Prandtl number has a maximum. For a monatomic gas in the transitional flow regime, using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, we investigate the extended Reynolds analogy, i.e., the relation between the shear stress and the energy flux transferred to the boundary surface, at different velocities and temperatures. We find that the extended Reynolds analogy for a rarefied monatomic gas flow with the temperature of the undisturbed gas equal to the surface temperature depends weakly on time and is close to 0.5. We show that at any fixed dimensionless time the extended Reynolds analogy depends on the plate velocity and temperature and undisturbed gas temperature mainly via the Eckert number. For Eckert numbers of the order of unity or less we generalize an extended Reynolds analogy. The generalized Reynolds analogy depends mainly only on dimensionless time for all considered Eckert numbers of the order of unity or less.
Two analogy strategies: the cases of mind metaphors and introspection

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, Eugen

2018-04-01

Analogical reasoning is often employed in problem-solving and metaphor interpretation. This paper submits that, as a default, analogical reasoning addressing these different tasks employs different mapping strategies. In problem-solving, it employs analogy-maximising strategies (like structure mapping, Gentner, D., & Markman, A. B. (1997). Structure mapping in analogy and similarity. American Psychologist, 52, 45-56); in metaphor interpretation, analogy-minimising strategies (like ATT-Meta, Barnden, J. A. (2015). Open-ended elaborations in creative metaphor. In T. R. Besold, M. Schorlemmer, & A. Smaill (Eds.), Computational creativity research: Towards creative machines (pp. 217-242). Berlin: Springer). The two strategies interact in analogical reasoning with conceptual metaphors. This interaction leads to predictable fallacies. The paper supports these hypotheses through case-studies on "mind" metaphors from ordinary discourse, and abstract problem-solving in the philosophy of mind, respectively. It shows that (1) default metaphorical interpretations for vision- and space-cognition metaphors can be derived with a variant of the analogy-minimising ATT-Meta approach, (2) philosophically influential introspective conceptions of the mind can be derived with conceptual metaphors only through an analogy-maximising strategy, and (3) the interaction of these strategies leads to hitherto unrecognised fallacies in analogical reasoning with metaphors. This yields a debunking explanation of introspective conceptions.
25th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design

CERN Document Server

Harpe, Pieter; Makinwa, Kofi

2017-01-01

This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 25th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, including low-power and energy-efficient analog electronics, with specific contributions focusing on the design of continuous-time sigma-delta modulators, automotive electronics, and power management. This book serves as a valuable reference to the state-of-the-art, for anyone involved in analog circuit research and development.
EL CADÁVER DE LA IRA COMO EFECTO MARIPOSA: LA REALIZACIÓN DE UN RELATO DE FICCIÓN

OpenAIRE

VALERO MARCO, DANIEL

2016-01-01

[ES] El presente proyecto trata sobre la realización de un cortometraje de ficción con el tema de la ira y el efecto mariposa. En primer lugar se realiza un proceso de documentación teórica en el que se estudia el comportamiento de la ira y se relaciona con el efecto mariposa de la teoría del caos. Tras esto, se plantea la creación de un cortometraje de ficción que refleje las principales conclusiones de la investigación realizada. ...
Is the Link from Working Memory to Analogy Causal? No Analogy Improvements following Working Memory Training Gains

OpenAIRE

Richey, J. Elizabeth; Phillips, Jeffrey S.; Schunn, Christian D.; Schneider, Walter

2014-01-01

Analogical reasoning has been hypothesized to critically depend upon working memory through correlational data [1], but less work has tested this relationship through experimental manipulation [2]. An opportunity for examining the connection between working memory and analogical reasoning has emerged from the growing, although somewhat controversial, body of literature suggests complex working memory training can sometimes lead to working memory improvements that transfer to novel working mem...
Selective termination, fetal reduction and analogical reasoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Pennings, G

2013-06-01

Analogical reasoning is a basic method in bioethics. Its main purpose is to transfer the rule from an existing or known situation to a new and problematic situation. This commentary applies the lifeboat analogy to the context of selective termination and fetal reduction. It turns out that the analogy is only partially helpful as the main principle in the case of selective termination is the procreative beneficence principle. However, the wide person-affecting form of this principle doubly justifies selective termination: i.e. one prevents the harm caused by the birth of an affected child and one increases the life chances of the remaining fetuses. I conclude, however, that all analogies are basically flawed since they assume that fetuses as such have interests. I argue that fetuses only have interests to the extent that they are potential future persons. Copyright © 2013 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Efecto de diferentes regímenes de fertilización sobre la relación fitoplancton-bacteríoplancton en mesocosmos

OpenAIRE

Monserrate Vite, Marita Elizabeth

2003-01-01

Efecto de diferentes regímenes de fertilización sobre la relación fitoplancton-bacterioplancton en mesocosmos Se estudió el efecto de la adición de fertilizantes inorgánicos y orgánicos sobre la relación bacterioplancton – fitoplancton en mesocosmos (24 tanques de una tonelada de capacidad), llenados con agua del canal reservorio de la camaronera COFIMAR (Palmar, Ecuador).
The design analogy : a model for moral problem solving

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dorst, C.H.; Royakkers, L.M.M.

2006-01-01

In this paper we explore an analogy between design and ethics, first drawn by Whitbeck. We investigate her claim that such an analogy can help to understand moral problems and aid us in dealing with them by suggesting strategies for addressing moral problems. We explore the nature of analogies, and
Efecto antiinflamatorio y antioxidante del extracto hidroalcohólico de Petiveria alliacea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Zaa

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Los radicales libres y el daño oxidativo están relacionados con la muerte celular, siendo la peroxidación lipídica un mecanismo que lleva a la destrucción oxidativa de la membrana celular. Además, en procesos inflamatorios, uno de los primeros estadios es la permeabilidad vascular incrementada (formación del edema seguido de la extravasación de los fluídos, migración de leucocitos al sitio dañado y liberación de proteínas pro-inflamatorias. Evaluamos el efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio para Petiveria alliacea“mucura”. Para el efecto antioxidante, se evaluó la formación de especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico como indicador de la peroxidación lipídica. Dosis 200mg/mL de Petiveria alliaceadisminuyó significativamente en un 42% los niveles de MDA comparado con el agua (control negativo. En la evaluación antiinflamatoria, se indujo la inflamación por inyección de car-ragenina (solución al 1%, en la parte subplantar de ratones y en la “bolsa de aire subcutánea” de ratas para la inflamación aguda y crónica respectivamente. En la evaluación antiinflamatoria hay una máxima reducción del edema en un 23,26% a las 4 horas del tratamiento. Para la inflamación crónica hay una reducción del 25,9% y 29,5% del peso y volumen del exudado extraído, respectivamente, así como una reducción del 24% de peso de tejido fibroso. Estos resultados evidencian efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio de Petiveria alliacea.
Wafer-level chip-scale packaging analog and power semiconductor applications

CERN Document Server

Qu, Shichun

2015-01-01

This book presents a state-of-art and in-depth overview in analog and power WLCSP design, material characterization, reliability, and modeling. Recent advances in analog and power electronic WLCSP packaging are presented based on the development of analog technology and power device integration. The book covers in detail how advances in semiconductor content, analog and power advanced WLCSP design, assembly, materials, and reliability have co-enabled significant advances in fan-in and fan-out with redistributed layer (RDL) of analog and power device capability during recent years. Along with new analog and power WLCSP development, the role of modeling is a key to assure successful package design. An overview of the analog and power WLCSP modeling and typical thermal, electrical, and stress modeling methodologies is also provided. This book also: · Covers the development of wafer-level power discrete packaging with regular wafer-level design concepts and directly bumping technology · �...
Modern Communication: Exploring Physiological Transmission through Tech-Savvy Analogies

Science.gov (United States)

Hollabaugh, Christopher R.; Milanick, Mark A.

2014-01-01

Analogies are often helpful for students to grasp key physiological concepts; sometimes the technical jargon makes the concept seem more complex than it actually is. In this article the authors provide several analogies for information transfer processes that sometimes confuse students. For an analogy to be useful, of course, it needs to be…
AnalogRF and mixed-signal circuit systematic design

CERN Document Server

Tlelo-Cuautle, Esteban; Castro-Lopez, Rafael

2013-01-01

Despite the fact that in the digital domain, designers can take full benefits of IPs and design automation tools to synthesize and design very complex systems, the analog designers’ task is still considered as a ‘handcraft’, cumbersome and very time consuming process. Thus, tremendous efforts are being deployed to develop new design methodologies in the analog/RF and mixed-signal domains. This book collects 16 state-of-the-art contributions devoted to the topic of systematic design of analog, RF and mixed signal circuits. Divided in the two parts Methodologies and Techniques recent theories, synthesis techniques and design methodologies, as well as new sizing approaches in the field of robust analog and mixed signal design automation are presented for researchers and R/D engineers.
Proportional and functional analogical reasoning in normal and language-impaired children.

Science.gov (United States)

Nippold, M A; Erskine, B J; Freed, D B

1988-11-01

Teachers often use analogies in classroom settings to clarify new concepts for their students. However, analogies may inadvertently confuse the youngster who has difficulty identifying the one-to-one comparisons underlying them. Although analogical reasoning has been studied extensively in normal children, no information was available concerning this construct in children having a specific language impairment. Thus, it was unknown to what extent they might be deficient in analogical reasoning. Therefore, in the present study, 20 children ages 6-8 years (mean age = 7:6) having normal nonverbal intelligence but deficits in language comprehension were administered tasks of verbal and perceptual proportional analogical reasoning and a problem-solving task of functional analogical reasoning. Compared to a normal-language control group matched on the basis of chronological age and sex, the language-impaired group was deficient in all three tasks of analogical reasoning. However, when the factor of nonverbal intelligence was controlled statistically, the differences between the groups on each of the tasks were removed. Additional findings were that verbal proportional analogical reasoning was significantly correlated to perceptual proportional analogical reasoning and to functional analogical reasoning. Implications for assessment and intervention with young school-age language-impaired children are discussed.
Analogical reasoning and aging: the processing speed and inhibition hypothesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bugaiska, Aurélia; Thibaut, Jean-Pierre

2015-01-01

This study was designed to investigate the effect of aging on analogical reasoning by manipulating the strength of semantic association (LowAssoc or HighAssoc) and the number of distracters' semantic analogies of the A:B::C:D type and to determine which factors might be responsible for the age-related differences on analogical reasoning by testing two different theoretical frameworks: the inhibition hypothesis and the speed mediation hypothesis. We compared young adults and two groups of aging people (old and old-old) with word analogies of the A:B::C:D format. Results indicate an age-related effect on analogical reasoning, this effect being greatest with LowAssoc analogies. It was not associated with the presence of semantic distractors. Moreover, the results show that the variance part of the analogy task due to age was mainly explained by processing speed (rather than by inhibition) in the case of old participants and by both processing speed and inhibition in the old-old group. These results are discussed in relation to current models of aging and their interaction with the processes involved in analogical reasoning.

Analogy as a means of theoretical adoption of pedagogical disciplines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Solovcova Irina A.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The paper considers an application of analogy in the initial-teacher training as a tool of approaching pedagogical disciplines. The author proposes a classification of pedagogical analogies which provides choices of the most efficient model for a specific didactic situation. The article clarifies the model of the theoretical approach to pedagogical disciplines through active use of analogy, which contributes to a higher efficiency in a teacher and student interaction. The model consists of three stages: training (the stage of acquiring analogy model, the analytical stage (acquisition of pedagogical concepts, phenomena and systems through the application of analogy, and the stage of self-realization (the application of analogy method in students’ scientific-research activities considering external and internal didactic conditions which transform analogy from a teaching method into a tool for the acquisition of pedagogical disciplines. The author demonstrates that the application of analogy has a positive effect not only on the acquisition of pedagogical knowledge (especially methodic and the development of heuristic skills in students, but also on motivation for the study of pedagogical disciplines (cognitive aspect and professional pedagogical activity (formation of an individual-pedagogical attitude. .
Riqueza por vivienda de los hogares y sus efectos amplificadores en el consumo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Morales Mosquera

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este documento analiza los efectos que generan los cambios en la riquezade los hogares en el consumo agregado de la economía. Dado que el principalactivo en la riqueza de los hogares es la vivienda, es importante analizar sucomportamiento y entender los canales por los cuales el cambio en la valoración de este activo, puede generar cambios en la riqueza, y por ende, variaciones en el consumo agregado. Para ello se desarrolla un modelo en el que la vivienda hace de colateral y los hogares pueden realizar inversión en este sector. En el modelo se incluyen restricciones al crédito y costos de ajuste a la inversión, en orden de analizar sus implicaciones en el consumo. Al final, se obtiene que los hogares que enfrentan bajos costos de ajuste en la inversión y que, adicionalmente utilizan a la vivienda como colateral, enfrentan mayores fluctuaciones en el consumo dado el efecto del acelerador financiero.
SIMULACIÓN ESTACIONARIA DE UN EVAPORADOR DE DOBLE EFECTO PARA JUGO DE TOMATE

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Álvaro Núñez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se desarrolló un modelo estacionario para simular un sistema evaporador de doble efecto destinado a la concentración de jugo de tomate. Debido a que el licopeno muestra capacidad antioxidante, es deseable que su concentración sea máxima en la pasta de tomate. Ello se logra optimizando tanto el diseño como las condiciones de operación del equipo concentrador de jugo. Para alcanzar ese objetivo, se incorporó al modelo la cinética de degradación del licopeno, y se realizó un estudio de sensibilidad para determinar las relaciones que vinculan las variables de proceso. El estudio determinó que el contenido de licopeno en el producto es altamente sensible al tiempo de residencia; mientras que el consumo de vapor está determinado por la presión del vapor de servicio y las presiones de los efectos.
Synthetic Biology: A Unifying View and Review Using Analog Circuits.

Science.gov (United States)

Teo, Jonathan J Y; Woo, Sung Sik; Sarpeshkar, Rahul

2015-08-01

We review the field of synthetic biology from an analog circuits and analog computation perspective, focusing on circuits that have been built in living cells. This perspective is well suited to pictorially, symbolically, and quantitatively representing the nonlinear, dynamic, and stochastic (noisy) ordinary and partial differential equations that rigorously describe the molecular circuits of synthetic biology. This perspective enables us to construct a canonical analog circuit schematic that helps unify and review the operation of many fundamental circuits that have been built in synthetic biology at the DNA, RNA, protein, and small-molecule levels over nearly two decades. We review 17 circuits in the literature as particular examples of feedforward and feedback analog circuits that arise from special topological cases of the canonical analog circuit schematic. Digital circuit operation of these circuits represents a special case of saturated analog circuit behavior and is automatically incorporated as well. Many issues that have prevented synthetic biology from scaling are naturally represented in analog circuit schematics. Furthermore, the deep similarity between the Boltzmann thermodynamic equations that describe noisy electronic current flow in subthreshold transistors and noisy molecular flux in biochemical reactions has helped map analog circuit motifs in electronics to analog circuit motifs in cells and vice versa via a `cytomorphic' approach. Thus, a body of knowledge in analog electronic circuit design, analysis, simulation, and implementation may also be useful in the robust and efficient design of molecular circuits in synthetic biology, helping it to scale to more complex circuits in the future.
Efectos de la competencia del terapeuta en el tratamiento de adolescentes con fobia social generalizada

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Pablo J. Olivares-Olivares

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio es verificar la parte de los resultados del Programa para la Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social que puede ser atribuida a la competencia del terapeuta. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en tres condiciones experimentales (grupos experto, cuasi-experto e inexperto, integradas por 46 adolescentes españoles con una edad media de 15.37 años (DT = 1.04; rango = 14-18, siendo la mayoría chicas (67.40% que cursaban 4º de E.S.O (46.70%. Todos cumplieron los criterios requeridos para el diagnóstico de Fobia Social Generalizada. Los resultados muestran que (i el tamaño del efecto que se puede atribuir a los terapeutas es bajo, (ii que la magnitud del tamaño del efecto obtenido correlaciona con la magnitud de la competencia del terapeuta en las variables más sensibles al cambio terapéutico, (iii que tales resultados no alcanzan diferencias con significación estadística entre las tres condiciones experimentales. Los datos hallados nos permiten concluir que siendo relevante el impacto de la competencia del terapeuta en los resultados obtenidos la mayor parte de la varianza en los resultados se relaciona directamente con el efecto del programa de tratamiento manualizado que se ha aplicado.
Abstract analogical reasoning in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Adam E; Kenworthy, Lauren; Mosner, Maya G; Gallagher, Natalie M; Fearon, Edward W; Balhana, Carlos D; Yerys, Benjamin E

2014-12-01

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit a deficit in spontaneously recognizing abstract similarities that are crucial for generalizing learning to new situations. This may contribute to deficits in the development of appropriate schemas for navigating novel situations, including social interactions. Analogical reasoning is the central cognitive mechanism that enables typically developing children to understand abstract similarities between different situations. Intriguingly, studies of high-functioning children with ASD point to a relative cognitive strength in basic, nonabstract forms of analogical reasoning. If this analogical reasoning ability extends to abstract analogical reasoning (i.e., between superficially dissimilar situations), it may provide a bridge between a cognitive capability and core ASD deficits in areas such as generalization and categorization. This study tested whether preserved analogical reasoning abilities in ASD can be extended to abstract analogical reasoning, using photographs of real-world items and situations. Abstractness of the analogies was determined via a quantitative measure of semantic distance derived from latent semantic analysis. Children with ASD performed as well as typically developing children at identifying abstract analogical similarities when explicitly instructed to apply analogical reasoning. Individual differences in abstract analogical reasoning ability predicted individual differences in a measure of social function in the ASD group. Preliminary analyses indicated that children with ASD, but not typically developing children, showed an effect of age on abstract analogical reasoning. These results provide new evidence that children with ASD are capable of identifying abstract similarities through analogical reasoning, pointing to abstract analogical reasoning as a potential lever for improving generalization skills and social function in ASD. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley
Quantum Analog Computing

Science.gov (United States)

Zak, M.

1998-01-01

Quantum analog computing is based upon similarity between mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and phenomena to be computed. It exploits a dynamical convergence of several competing phenomena to an attractor which can represent an externum of a function, an image, a solution to a system of ODE, or a stochastic process.
Fast event recorder utilizing a CCD analog shift register

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ducar, R.J.; McIntyre, P.M.

1978-01-01

A system of electronics has been developed to allow the capture and recording of relatively fast, low-amplitude analog events. The heart of the system is a dual 455-cell analog shift register charge-coupled device, Fairchild CCD321ADC-3. The CCD is operated in a dual clock mode. The input is sampled at a selectable clock rate of .25-20 MHz. The stored analog data is then clocked out at a slower rate, typically about .25 MHz. The time base expansion of the analog data allows for analog-to-digital conversion and memory storage using conventional medium-speed devices. The digital data is sequentially loaded into a static RAM and may then be block transferred to a computer. The analog electronics are housed in a single-width NIM module, and the RAM memory in a single-width CAMAC module. Each pair of modules provides six parallel channels. Cost is about $200.00 per channel. Applications are described for ionization imaging (TPC, IRC) and long-drift calorimetry in liquid argon
Changes in analogical reasoning in adulthood.

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, E; Gardner, M K; Brown, G; Howell, R J

1990-01-01

This study sought to investigate adult intellectual development through an analysis of a particular type of cognitive ability, verbal analogical reasoning. The performance of 60 individuals between the ages of 20 and 79 was compared on 100 verbal analogies. The subjects consisted of six groups of ten individuals each (five males and five females), matched as a group for education and gender. Solution times and error rates served as the dependent measures. Results showed that there was a significant trend for the older subjects (60- and 70-year-olds) to be slower than the young subjects (20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-year-olds), but not necessarily more error prone. These data suggest that verbal analogical reasoning changes with age. Supplemental data demonstrated a change in other abilities as well (i.e., decline in perceptual-motor speed and spatial skill).
Electrical analog of a Josephson junction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldman, A.M.

1979-01-01

It is noted that a mathematical description of the phase-coupling of two oscillators synchronized by a phase-lock-loop under the influence of thermal white noise is analogous to that of the phase coupling of two superconductors in a Josephson junction also under the influence of noise. This analogy may be useful in studying threshold instabilities of the Josephson junction in regimes not restricted to the case of large damping. This is of interest because the behavior of the mean voltage near the threshold current can be characterized by critical exponents which resemble those exhibited by an order parameter of a continuous phase transition. As it is possible to couple a collection of oscillators together in a chain, the oscillator analogy may also be useful in exploring the dynamics and statistical mechanics of coupled junctions
Evaluación preliminar del efecto de Lepidium meyenii Walp en el desarrollo embrionario de ratón

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Guadalupe D´Arrigo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La "maca", Lepidium meyenii Walp, especie vegetal nativa del Perú, es un recurso de gran valor nutricional. Además son varias las investigaciones realizadas en la última década en las cuales se ha comprobado sus efectos sobre la fertilidad de mamíferos. En este trabajo, evaluamos el posible efecto del extracto liofilizado del hipocótilo de L. meyenii Walp en el desarrollo de los embriones preimplantacionales de Mus musculus. Se suministró el liofilizado intra-peritonealmente, en una concentración de 0 g/Kg (grupo control y 1 g/Kg de peso corporal a dos grupos de ratonas preñadas respectivamente, desde el día 1 hasta el día 4 de preñez. Se evaluaron el estadío de desarrollo, condición y morfología embrionarias, no encontrándose efectos tóxicos del extracto acuoso liofilizado de "maca" en el desarrollo normal de los embriones pre-implantacionales de ratón.
Estudio de dos materiales volcánicos y efecto del tipo de molienda en su reactividad

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Diana M Burgos

2014-08-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se presenta la caracterización y evaluación de la actividad puzolánica de dos materiales volcánicos procedentes de dos depósitos volcánicos Colombianos (Volcán Puracé y Nevado del Tolima. Estos materiales fueron analizados mediante diversas técnicas de caracterización, la aptitud de los materiales volcánicos como puzolanas y el efecto de la molienda en su reactividad, se evaluó por medio del índice de Actividad Puzolánica (iaP, ensayo de Frattini. Los resultados indican que el MVP presenta un iaP de 77,51% y se ubica en la zona reactiva de la curva de Frattini, características que permiten clasificar este material como una puzolana natural. En cuanto al MVT los resultados indicaron que químicamente no reaccionó, pero generó un índice de resistencia de 92,36% respecto a la muestra patrón, características de un material inerte que por efecto filler permite el desarrollo de resistencias mecánicas. Por otra parte, también se evidenció que no existe un efecto significativo del proceso de molienda en la reactividad de estos materiales.
Understanding the generative capacity of analogies as a tool for explanation

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, E. David

1993-12-01

Psychological studies have typically portrayed analogical reasoning as a process of schema transfer from a familiar domain of understanding to a problem situation. These studies have usually examined analogical reasoning in contexts where (a) individuals possess or have been provided with appropriate, problem-specific schema, (b) the nature of the problem and/or solution is fairly well defined, and (c) ideal analogies are provided or suggested by an outside source. This study examines analogical reasoning in contexts where understanding is generated from loosely organized, incomplete prior knowledge rather than transferred from a well-structured domain of understanding. In addition, participants were asked to create, apply, and modify their own analogies - as opposed to applying a given analogy - as a heuristic for constructing, evaluating, and modifying their explanations for a particular scientific phenomena. The results provide empirical support for the generative properties of analogies; that is, analogies can stimulate new inferences and insight. Furthermore, under specific conditions, individuals can productively harness the generative capacity of their own analogies to advance their conceptual understanding of scientific phenomena.
Transistor analogs of emergent iono-neuronal dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Rachmuth, Guy; Poon, Chi-Sang

2008-06-01

Neuromorphic analog metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) transistor circuits promise compact, low-power, and high-speed emulations of iono-neuronal dynamics orders-of-magnitude faster than digital simulation. However, their inherently limited input voltage dynamic range vs power consumption and silicon die area tradeoffs makes them highly sensitive to transistor mismatch due to fabrication inaccuracy, device noise, and other nonidealities. This limitation precludes robust analog very-large-scale-integration (aVLSI) circuits implementation of emergent iono-neuronal dynamics computations beyond simple spiking with limited ion channel dynamics. Here we present versatile neuromorphic analog building-block circuits that afford near-maximum voltage dynamic range operating within the low-power MOS transistor weak-inversion regime which is ideal for aVLSI implementation or implantable biomimetic device applications. The fabricated microchip allowed robust realization of dynamic iono-neuronal computations such as coincidence detection of presynaptic spikes or pre- and postsynaptic activities. As a critical performance benchmark, the high-speed and highly interactive iono-neuronal simulation capability on-chip enabled our prompt discovery of a minimal model of chaotic pacemaker bursting, an emergent iono-neuronal behavior of fundamental biological significance which has hitherto defied experimental testing or computational exploration via conventional digital or analog simulations. These compact and power-efficient transistor analogs of emergent iono-neuronal dynamics open new avenues for next-generation neuromorphic, neuroprosthetic, and brain-machine interface applications.
Emergent Explorations: Analog and Digital Scripting

OpenAIRE

Worden, Alexander

2011-01-01

This book documents an exploration of emergent and linear modes of defining space, form, and structure. The thesis highlights a dialog between analog and digital modeling techniques, in concept and project development. It identifies that analog modeling techniques, coupled with judgment, can be used to develop complex forms. The thesis project employs critical judgment and the textile techniques of crochet as a vehicle generate form. Crochet lends itself to this investigation because it ...
La preservación multiobjetivo de alimentos: Efecto de factores tradicionales y emergentes en la respuesta de Aspergillus flavus

OpenAIRE

López-Malo Vigil, Aurelio

2000-01-01

El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar el efecto de la interacción de distintos factores de estrés (aw, pH, antimicrobianos sintetizados químicamente o antimicrobianos naturales y sus mezclas binarias) en la respuesta de crecimiento de Aspergillus flavus y determinar las condiciones de combinación inhibitorias sinérgicas o de cooperación de dichos factores, con miras a generar modelos predictivos para la conservación multiobjetivo de alimentos. Se determinó el efecto de distintas combinaciones...
Priming atencional en patrones visuales jerárquicos: efectos del nivel atendido, tamaño absoluto y congruencia estimular

OpenAIRE

Antonio Prieto; Pedro R. Montoro

2015-01-01

Estudios previos sobre el procesamiento visual de patrones jerárquicos, muestran que la respuesta ante objetivos presentados en cualquiera de sus niveles (global/local) es más rápida cuando en el ensayo anterior el objetivo se presentó en ese mismo nivel (efecto de priming secuencial). En el presente trabajo, se utiliza un nuevo paradigma de priming atencional para explorar la existencia de este efecto secuencial dentro de cada ensayo en lugar de en diferentes ensayos. Para ello se realizaron...
Cadmio: efectos sobre la salud. Respuesta celular y molecular

OpenAIRE

Martínez Flores, Karina; Souza Arroyo, Verónica; Bucio Ortiz, Leticia; Gómez Quiroz, Luis Enrique; Gutiérrez Ruiz, María Concepción

2013-01-01

El cadmio (Cd) es un metal que se encuentra principalmente en la corteza terrestre y siempre se presenta en combinación con el zinc. Es ampliamente utilizado en la industria. Se considera un contaminante y es liberado al ambiente como subproducto de la extracción de cobre, hierro y zinc. La exposición al Cd puede producir una variedad de efectos adversos tanto en el humano como en los animales. Una vez absorbido se acumula en el organismo por tiempos largos. Dependiendo de la dosis, fuente y ...
Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza con distintas intensidades relativas y nivel de rendimiento inicial sobre las respuestas neuromuscular y hormonal

OpenAIRE

Otero Esquina, Carlos

2017-01-01

Programa de Doctorado en Actividad Física, Rendimiento Deportivo y Salud El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral fue comprobar los efectos de dos tipos de entrenamiento de fuerza distintos en intensidad e igualados en volumen en el ejercicio de sentadilla completa sobre la respuesta neuromuscular y hormonal. Para ello se realizaron 3 estudios en los que se analizaron: Estudio 1: Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza con distintas intensidades sobre la mejora en la capacidad de salto, e...
Young Children's Analogical Reasoning in Science Domains

Science.gov (United States)

Haglund, Jesper; Jeppsson, Fredrik; Andersson, Johanna

2012-01-01

This exploratory study in a classroom setting investigates first graders' (age 7-8 years, N = 25) ability to perform analogical reasoning and create their own analogies for two irreversible natural phenomena: mixing and heat transfer. We found that the children who contributed actively to a full-class discussion were consistently successful at…

Children's Use of Analogy during Collaborative Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Tzu-Jung; Anderson, Richard C.; Hummel, John E.; Jadallah, May; Miller, Brian W.; Nguyen-Jahiel, Kim; Morris, Joshua A.; Kuo, Li-Jen; Kim, Il-Hee; Wu, Xiaoying; Dong, Ting

2012-01-01

This microgenetic study examined social influences on children's development of analogical reasoning during peer-led small-group discussions of stories about controversial issues. A total of 277 analogies were identified among 7,215 child turns for speaking during 54 discussions from 18 discussion groups in 6 fourth-grade classrooms (N = 120; age…
El Efecto del Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo sobre la Salud: El Papel Mediador del Conflicto Trabajo- Familia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Isabel Sanz-Vergel

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Los efectos de los estresores psicosociales pueden influir en la vida personal, afectando a la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el papel mediador del conflicto trabajo-familia en la relación entre el acoso psicológico en el trabajo y problemas de salud. La muestra del estudio estuvo formada por 441 trabajadores de tres empresas del sector de telecomunicaciones ubicadas en la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados muestran que el acoso psicológico tiene efectos negativos sobre la salud de forma directa, e indirecta mediante el conflicto trabajo-familia, actuando éste último como mediador parcial. Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones a nivel teórico, puesto que muestra que los efectos negativos de un estresor como es el acoso, se pueden transmitir a través de un conflicto que tiene lugar fuera del ámbito laboral.
Efecto inhibitorio de extractos de Renealmia alpinia Rottb. Maas (Zingiberaceae sobre el veneno de Bothrops asper (mapaná

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Arley Camilo Patiño

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La medicina tradicional es una invaluable fuente de investigación de nuevos remedioscomo complemento para el tratamiento del accidente ofídico, considerado como un grave problema desalud pública a nivel mundial. Objetivo. Este trabajo de investigación pretende comprobar la capacidad de neutralizar los efectoshemorrágicos, coagulantes y proteolíticos, de los extractos de hojas de Renealmia alpinia, usadatradicionalmente por los indígenas del Chocó (Colombia contra la mordedura de la serpiente Bothropsasper, causante de la gran mayoría de los accidentes ofídicos en nuestro país. Materiales y métodos. Se llevaron a cabo ensayos de toxicidad aguda y de actividad analgésica in vivo de R. alpinia. Además, se hicieron ensayos in vitro sobre inhibición de las actividades coagulante,hemolítica y proteolítica del veneno de Resultados. El presente estudio demuestra que R. alpinia no produce efectos tóxicos en animales deexperimentación; además, presenta efectos analgésicos in vivo y antiofídicos in vitro, y protege contralos efectos letales del veneno de B. asper, in vivo. Conclusión. Renealmia alpinia puede ser una buena alternativa terapéutica como complemento altratamiento con antiveneno en el accidente ofídico, por sus efectos analgésicos y antiofídicos. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.591
Analogical Reasoning in the Engineering Design Process and Technology Education Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Daugherty, Jenny; Mentzer, Nathan

2008-01-01

This synthesis paper discusses the research exploring analogical reasoning, the role of analogies in the engineering design process, and educational applications for analogical reasoning. Researchers have discovered that analogical reasoning is often a fundamental cognitive tool in design problem solving. Regarding the possible role of analogical…
Investigación sobre el efecto de la temperatura en los procesos biológicos por fangos activos

OpenAIRE

Francisco Díaz, Juan Pablo de

2003-01-01

Durante la presente Investigación se ha estudiado el efecto que produce la temperatura en los procesos de depuración biológica por fangos activos, desarrollando la influencia de dicho factor en cada una de las etapas de la línea de agua de una estación depuradora. - Pretratamiento - Decantación Primaria - Reactor Biológico - Decantación Secundaria Se ha considerado que los efectos de la temperatura en los procesos meramente físicos, son mínimos, únicamente provocados por la variación de la de...
Efecto de una mayor cobertura de salas cuna en la participación laboral femenina: evidencia de Chile

OpenAIRE

Jenny Encina; Claudia Martínez

2009-01-01

La provisión publica de salas cunas en Chile aumento en un 70% entre el 2005 y 2006. Esta variación exógena en la disponibilidad de cuidado infantil a nivel comunal es utilizada en este estudio para estimar su efecto en la participación laboral femenina (PLF). A pesar de esta fuerte expansión se encuentra que la provisión de salas cunas no ha tenido efecto en la PLF. Razones culturales e institucionales pueden explicar este resultado: la visión tradicional del rol de la mujer en el cuidado de...
Las dietas cetogénicas: beneficios adicionales a la pérdida de peso y efectos secundarios infundados

OpenAIRE

Pérez-Guisado, Joaquín

2008-01-01

Además de la pérdida de peso, también es importante enfatizar que las dietas cetogénicas son saludables cardiovascularmente y para el metabolismo glucídico, ya que promueven un perfil lipídico no aterogénico, el descenso de la presión arterial y disminuyen la resistencia a la insulina con una mejora en los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa e insulina. Estas dietas podrían tener efectos anticancerígenos, no tienen efectos perniciosos sobre el hígado o el riñón, no se asocian ...
Global orbit feedback utilizing analog and digital technologies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, O.; Tang, Y.; Ramamoorthy, S.; Krinsky, S.; Yu, L.H.

1997-01-01

At the NSLS, an analog global orbit feedback system is used in regular operations, and a digital global orbit feedback system is available in machine physics studies on the X-Ray Ring. Here, the authors discuss the relative merits of utilizing analog and digital technology in orbit feedback. Results of experiments are reported characterizing the performance of the analog and digital systems when operated individually or together. They give their thoughts on plans for future development of the orbit feedback systems at the NSLS
Effects of Multimedia and Schema Induced Analogical Reasoning on Science Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, R. Z.; Yang, W.; Garcia, D.; McCadden, E. P.

2008-01-01

The present study investigates the effects of multimedia and schema induced analogical reasoning on science learning. It involves 89 fourth grade elementary students in the north-east of the United States. Participants are randomly assigned into four conditions: (a) multimedia with analogy; (b) multimedia without analogy; (c) analogy without…
An analog integrated circuit design laboratory

OpenAIRE

Mondragon-Torres, A.F.; Mayhugh, Jr.; Pineda de Gyvez, J.; Silva-Martinez, J.; Sanchez-Sinencio, E.

2003-01-01

We present the structure of an analog integrated circuit design laboratory to instruct at both, senior undergraduate and entry graduate levels. The teaching material includes: a laboratory manual with analog circuit design theory, pre-laboratory exercises and circuit design specifications; a reference web page with step by step instructions and examples; the use of mathematical tools for automation and analysis; and state of the art CAD design tools in use by industry. Upon completion of the ...
On Lovelock analogs of the Riemann tensor

Science.gov (United States)

Camanho, Xián O.; Dadhich, Naresh

2016-03-01

It is possible to define an analog of the Riemann tensor for Nth order Lovelock gravity, its characterizing property being that the trace of its Bianchi derivative yields the corresponding analog of the Einstein tensor. Interestingly there exist two parallel but distinct such analogs and the main purpose of this note is to reconcile both formulations. In addition we will introduce a simple tensor identity and use it to show that any pure Lovelock vacuum in odd d=2N+1 dimensions is Lovelock flat, i.e. any vacuum solution of the theory has vanishing Lovelock-Riemann tensor. Further, in the presence of cosmological constant it is the Lovelock-Weyl tensor that vanishes.
Efecto de la manipulación del semen criopreservado de bovinos Bos Taurus sobre la integridad espermática

OpenAIRE

Norberto Villa-Duque; Claudia Marcela Amaya-Torres; Darwin García-Rojas; Natalia Nieto-Omeara; Natalia Terán-Acuña

2016-01-01

En el estudio se evaluó el efecto de descongelar y aplicar semen de bovinos Bos Taurus en 33 ganaderías del Magdalena Medio colombiano, y se estudió in vitro el efecto de la injuria encontrada sobre la integridad de las membranas espermáticas. La información en fincas se recopiló mediante formulario específico, mientras que el estudio in vitro se ejecutó en el laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva Animal del Instituto Universitario de la Paz (Barrancabermeja, Santander). El estudio consis...
El videojuego League of legends y su efecto en memoria de trabajo visual y solución de problemas

OpenAIRE

Leyva-Rodríguez, Jesús Eduardo; Varela-García, Juan David

2016-01-01

El propósito de este estudio es medir los efectos que tiene el videojuego League of Legends en los procesos cognitivos de memoria de trabajo visual (MVT) y solución de problemas (SP). Para medir dichos efectos se implementó un diseño pre test-post con un grupo experimental y uno control, compuestos cada uno por siete participantes, en donde se evaluaron los procesos previamente mencionados utilizando los cubos de Corsi para MVT y las matrices del WAIS III para SP. Después de realizar los resp...
"El Niño 1997-98": su efecto sobre el ambiente y los recursos pesqueros en el Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Espino

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una reseña de los efectos del fenómeno "El Niño 1997-98" en los recursos pesqueros del ecosistema de afloramiento peruano, dando especial énfasis a los cambios en los patrones de distribución y abundancia de los recursos anchoveta, sardina y merluza; ya los cambios en la autoecología de los mismos recursos. Finalmente, se comenta sobre las similitudes y diferencias de los efectos de este fenómeno con otros eventos de la misma naturaleza.
Analogies in high school Brazilian chemistry textbooks

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Rosária Justi

2000-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents and discusses an analysis of the analogies presented by Brazilian chemistry textbooks for the medium level. The main aim of the analysis is to discuss whether such analogies can be said good teaching models. From the results, some aspects concerning with teachers' role are discussed. Finally, some new research questions are emphasised.
Analogy, an Alternative Model.  Critics to the standard model of analogical problems solving and proposals for an alternative one

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo A. Minervino

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The authors made an extension of Hofstadter‘s criticisms against the standard approach in analogical thinking represented by the structure-mapping theory of Gentner and the multiconstraint theory of Holyoak and Thagard. Based on this extension, they proposed a non-serial model of analogical problem solving. Against the standard approach, the model postulates that: (a people detect and evaluate differences between mapped elements before the subprocess of inference generation and consider them in order to control it, and (b properties of an element that explain why the element could fill a certain role in the base problem resolution (PERs play a crucial role in these detection and evaluation operations, and also in post-inferences subprocesses. An experiment showed that: (a people detect and evaluate the relevance of differences between mapped elements before inference generation, (b that they inhibit the generation of literal inferences when they face relevant differences, and (c that they stop the subprocess when they recognize insuperable ones. The results also showed that base PERs are reactivated at different moments of analogical transfer. The data obtained are incompatible with the standard theories of analogical thinking, which treat inference generation as a syntactic mechanism and exclude contextual semantic analysis from the study of analogy.
The making of analog module for gamma camera interface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yulinarsari, Leli; Rl, Tjutju; Susila, Atang; Sukandar

2003-01-01

The making of an analog module for gamma camera has been conducted. For computerization of planar gamma camera 37 PMT it has been developed interface hardware technology and software between the planar gamma camera with PC. With this interface gamma camera image information (Originally analog signal) was changed to digital single, therefore processes of data acquisition, image quality increase and data analysis as well as data base processing can be conducted with the help of computers, there are three gamma camera main signals, i.e. X, Y and Z . This analog module makes digitation of analog signal X and Y from the gamma camera that conveys position information coming from the gamma camera crystal. Analog conversion to digital was conducted by 2 converters ADC 12 bit with conversion time 800 ns each, conversion procedure for each coordinate X and Y was synchronized using suitable strobe signal Z for information acceptance
EFECTO DEL EJERCICIO FÍSICO AERÓBICO SOBRE LOS NIVELES SÉRICOS DE ADIPONECTINA Y LEPTINA EN MUJERES POSMENOPÁUSICAS

OpenAIRE

Luz Helena Aranzález; Ismena Mockus Sivickas; Doris Ramírez; Erica Mancera; Óscar García

2011-01-01

Antecedentes. Las variaciones de peso corporal se acompañan de modificaciones en los niveles circulantes de adipocinas como la adiponectina y la leptina. Durante la posmenopausia se presenta una tendencia al incremento de peso. Se recomienda ejercicio físico, que tiene efectos sobre tejido adiposo y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como parte del tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico controlado sobre los niveles séricos...
Efectos del alta hospitalaria temprana en el periodo posparto en la Clínica del Prado, Medellín, Colombia

OpenAIRE

Cardona-Ospina, Arturo; Ordoñez-Molina, Jaime; Vásquez-Trespalacios, Elsa María; Universidad CES; Mestra-Palomino, Laureano; García-Posada, Raúl Alejandro

2014-01-01

Problema: evaluar el efecto del alta hospitalaria temprana en pacientes sanas. Objetivo: establecerel riesgo de complicaciones en pacientes obstétricas con alta temprana respecto a aquellasque egresan después de 24 horas. Métodos: cohorte prospectiva con seguimiento postparto.Resultados: 750 pacientes, edad promedio de 24,5 años y edad gestacional de 38,5 semanas.El porcentaje de consulta luego del alta fue 2,0 %. El efecto del alta hospitalaria tempranasobre la necesidad de consultar luego d...
Children's analogical reasoning in a third-grade science discussion

Science.gov (United States)

May, David B.; Hammer, David; Roy, Patricia

2006-03-01

Expert scientific inquiry involves the generation and use of analogies. How and when students might develop this aspect of expertise has implications for understanding how and when instruction might facilitate that development. In a study of K-8 student inquiry in physical science, we are examining cases of spontaneous analogy generation. In the case we present here, a third-grader generates an analogy and modifies it to reconcile his classmates' counterarguments, allowing us to identify in these third-graders specific aspects of nascent expertise in analogy use. Promoting abilities and inclinations such as these children display requires that educators recognize and respond to them.

Leibniz y el concepto de analogía

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Oscar Miguel Esquisabel

2008-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper an analysis of the leibnizian applications of conceptof analogy as well as the analogical reasoning is approached. Thus, the analysis tries to show that the leibnizian concept of analogy is based on the idea of structural similarity. As a consequence of such consideration,two basic ways in which Leibniz applies analogical reasoning are examined. The first way has a conjectural character and is rather heuristic, whereas the second constitutes, at least in intention, a kind of demonstrative analogicalreasoning, since it tries to prove its conclusions for a determined theoreticaldomain by applying a transfer principle, which is itself founded on the identity of structural properties.This procedure is exemplified by outlining the leibnizian view on contingent truths. In this way, the paper concludesby pointing out the theoretical relevance of the concept of similarity in theleibnizian thought.
The Discourse on Printed and Electronic Books: Analogies, Oppositions, and Perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

Velagic, Zoran

2014-01-01

Introduction: The point of departure for this paper is the twofold analogy (analogy of content, analogy of medium) between printed and electronic books, the aim being to draw attention to the usual perception of their capacities and relationships, to provide a rather detailed analysis of the outcome and sustainability of such analogies and…
Source selection for analogical reasoning an empirical approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stubblefield, W.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Luger, G.F. [Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)

1996-12-31

The effectiveness of an analogical reasoner depends upon its ability to select a relevant analogical source. In many problem domains, however, too little is known about target problems to support effective source selection. This paper describes the design and evaluation of SCAVENGER, an analogical reasoner that applies two techniques to this problem: (1) An assumption-based approach to matching that allows properties of candidate sources to match unknown target properties in the absence of evidence to the contrary. (2) The use of empirical learning to improve memory organization based on problem solving experience.
Creative Analogy Use in a Heterogeneous Design Team

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Bo; Ball, Linden J.

2016-01-01

the design dialogue derived from team members with highly disparate educational backgrounds. Our analyses revealed that analogies that matched (versus mismatched) educational backgrounds were generated and revisited more frequently, presumably because they were more accessible. Matching analogies were also...
Migración interna y ciudades de América Latina: efectos sobre la composición de la población

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Jorge Rodríguez Vignoli

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La migración, por su selectividad, afecta la composición de la población de los lugares de destino y origen. Mediante el procesamiento de microdatos censales se obtienen matrices de indicadores de flujos migratorios; con ellas, y usando procedimientos novedosos, se estima el efecto neto y exclusivo de la migración sobre la composición por sexo, edad y educación de doce ciudades de siete países de la región. Luego, este efecto se segmenta entre el originado por el intercambio con otras ciudades y el producido por el intercambio con el resto del sistema de asentamientos humanos de cada país. A continuación, y como ejercicio separado, se descompone el efecto debido a la inmigración y el debido a la emigración. Los principales resultados de la investigación son: a la migración interna total (entre ciudades y con el resto del sistema de asentamientos humanos sigue tendiendo a feminizar las ciudades, pero ya no por la atracción selectiva de mujeres, sino por una emigración selectiva de hombres; b la migración interna tiende a robustecer la franja intermedia de edad y a comprimir la representación de los menores de 15 años y de los adultos mayores en las ciudades. La combinación de estos efectos sobre la estructura por edad de la población de las ciudades acrecienta el denominado "bono demográfico" de éstas; c la migración interna tiende a deprimir, en general ligeramente, los niveles educativos de las ciudades (incluso una vez controlada la edad; el intercambio con otras ciudades es el responsable principal de este efecto, por lo cual resulta inapropiado achacarlo a la migración desde el campo; d la inmigración tiende a elevar el nivel educativo promedio de las ciudades, por lo cual el efecto reductor observado se debe a la emigración. Estos resultados actualizan, modifican y complejizan la visión existente en materia de impacto de la migración interna sobre las ciudades. Aunque cada ciudad tiene sus especificidades y las
Electronic devices for analog signal processing

CERN Document Server

Rybin, Yu K

2012-01-01

Electronic Devices for Analog Signal Processing is intended for engineers and post graduates and considers electronic devices applied to process analog signals in instrument making, automation, measurements, and other branches of technology. They perform various transformations of electrical signals: scaling, integration, logarithming, etc. The need in their deeper study is caused, on the one hand, by the extension of the forms of the input signal and increasing accuracy and performance of such devices, and on the other hand, new devices constantly emerge and are already widely used in practice, but no information about them are written in books on electronics. The basic approach of presenting the material in Electronic Devices for Analog Signal Processing can be formulated as follows: the study with help from self-education. While divided into seven chapters, each chapter contains theoretical material, examples of practical problems, questions and tests. The most difficult questions are marked by a diamon...
Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of phenylbutenoid dimer analogs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sung Soo; Fang, Yuan Ying; Park, Hae Eil

2015-01-01

Several phenylbutenoid dimer (PBD) analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF-α release. The PBD analogs were synthesized via Diels–Alder and subsequent Schlosser reactions as key steps. Among the tested compounds, two analogs (8c, 8f) exhibited much stronger inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production and TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 cells than that of wogonin
BERAS ANALOG SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL DENGAN INDEKS GLIKEMIK RENDAH

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Santi Noviasari

2016-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to produce rice analogue as functional food with low glycemic index. The rice was made from white corn and sorghum with additional soybean flour. The physicochemical properties of rice analogue being analysed were resistant starch content, total phenolic content, dietary fiber, color (L*, +a, +b values and whiteness (oHue. Rice analogue was potentially used as functional food indicated by high level of resistant starch 2.59%-3.31%, total phenolic content 0.18-0.25 mg GAE/g sample and dietary fiber 5.35%-6.14%. Rice analogue from white corn with and without soybean flour was further tested for glycemic index. Rice analogue from white corn has 69 GI value, while rice analogue from white corn with 10% soybean flour addition has 50 GI value.Keywords: functional food, glycemic index, rice analogueABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan beras analog yang berpotensi sebagai pangan fungsional dan bernilai indeks glikemik rendah. Beras analog dibuat dari bahan baku jagung putih dan sorgum dengan penambahan tepung kedelai. Sifat fisiko kimia beras analog yang dianalisis adalah pati resisten, total fenol, serat pangan, warna (nilai L*, +a, +b dan derajat putih (oHue. Beras analog berpotensi sebagai pangan fungsional, yang ditunjukkan dengan tingginya kadar pati resisten yaitu sebanyak 2,59%-3,31%, total fenol sekitar 0,18-0,25 mg GAE/g sampel dan serat pangan antara 5,35%-6,14%. Beras analog berbahan baku jagung putih dengan dan tanpa penambahan kedelai dipilih untuk uji indeks glikemik. Beras analog dari jagung putih memiliki nilai IG 69 sedangkan beras analog dari jagung putih dengan penambahan tepung kedelai 10% memiliki nilai IG 50.Kata kunci: beras analog, indeks glikemik, pangan fungsional
Efectos del pH, NaCl, CaCl2 y la temperatura sobre la fuerza de cuajo de tres coagulantes/cuajos

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Osmar Thomas Morillo Piña

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El cuajo y los coagulantes juegan un papel fundamental en el proceso de elaboración de queso y su actividad se ve afectada por diversos parámetros tecnológicos. En este sentido se determinó el efecto del pH, concentración de NaCl, CaCl2 y de la temperatura sobre la fuerza de cuajo de un coagulante microbiano experimental (BIOMI-13, una quimosina recombinante comercial (Maxiren® y un cuajo comercial de origen animal (BIOVEN, preparados a concentraciones de 0,05 g/mL; 0,0004 g/mL y 0,0008 g/mL, respectivamente. El efecto del pH fue evaluado en un intervalo de 5,0 a 7,5 y la concentración de NaCl y CaCl2 en la leche entre 0,02 y 0,16 M. El efecto de los iones de Na y Ca en las soluciones enzimáticas fue evaluado entre 0,04 y 0,80 M y la temperatura de incubación entre 20 y 70 ºC. Se determinó que los cambios de pH tienen un efecto inversamente proporcional sobre la actividad coagulante de la leche y la máxima actividad fue a pH 5 para los tres coagulantes evaluados. La concentración de NaCl en la leche tuvo un efecto adverso sobre la actividad coagulante, mientras que el incremento de la [CaCl2] aumentó la actividad alcanzando valores máximos a 0,04 M. La presencia iones de Na en las soluciones enzimáticas tuvo el mismo efecto observado en las pruebas de concentración de NaCl en la leche y se observó un aumento de la actividad relativa conforme se incrementó la concentración de iones de Ca en la solución. Los tres coagulantes/cuajos evaluados exhibieron la máxima fuerza de cuajo a 45 ºC y tuvieron una acción catalítica muy específica sobre la leche con una marcada dependencia a los parámetros evaluados, presentando algunas diferencias entre ellos debido posiblemente a la fuente y forma de obtención.
Efectos del pH, NaCl, CaCl2 y la temperatura sobre la fuerza de cuajo de tres coagulantes/cuajos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osmar Thomas Morillo Piña

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El cuajo y los coagulantes juegan un papel fundamental en el proceso de elaboración de queso y su actividad se ve afectada por diversos parámetros tecnológicos. En este sentido se determinó el efecto del pH, concentración de NaCl, CaCl2 y de la temperatura sobre la fuerza de cuajo de un coagulante microbiano experimental (BIOMI-13, una quimosina recombinante comercial (Maxiren® y un cuajo comercial de origen animal (BIOVEN, preparados a concentraciones de 0,05 g/mL; 0,0004 g/mL y 0,0008 g/mL, respectivamente. El efecto del pH fue evaluado en un intervalo de 5,0 a 7,5 y la concentración de NaCl y CaCl2 en la leche entre 0,02 y 0,16 M. El efecto de los iones de Na y Ca en las soluciones enzimáticas fue evaluado entre 0,04 y 0,80 M y la temperatura de incubación entre 20 y 70 ºC. Se determinó que los cambios de pH tienen un efecto inversamente proporcional sobre la actividad coagulante de la leche y la máxima actividad fue a pH 5 para los tres coagulantes evaluados. La concentración de NaCl en la leche tuvo un efecto adverso sobre la actividad coagulante, mientras que el incremento de la [CaCl2] aumentó la actividad alcanzando valores máximos a 0,04 M. La presencia iones de Na en las soluciones enzimáticas tuvo el mismo efecto observado en las pruebas de concentración de NaCl en la leche y se observó un aumento de la actividad relativa conforme se incrementó la concentración de iones de Ca en la solución. Los tres coagulantes/cuajos evaluados exhibieron la máxima fuerza de cuajo a 45 ºC y tuvieron una acción catalítica muy específica sobre la leche con una marcada dependencia a los parámetros evaluados, presentando algunas diferencias entre ellos debido posiblemente a la fuente y forma de obtención.
Efecto de riegos presurizados sobre propiedades físicas de un suelo bananero asociado Con Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides Benth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ing. Pablo Ernesto Villa Guerrero

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Para evaluar el efecto de los riegos presurizados sobre suelos bananeros se seleccionaron cuatro bloques, uno de ellos influenciado por un sistema de riego subfoliar y otro influenciado por un sistema de riego suprafoliar, completándolo condos bloques asociados con Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides Benth de iguales sistemas de riego. El efecto de los sistemas de riego se evaluó sobre el perfil del suelo en estratos de 10cm hasta los 50 cm de profundidad, determinando en cada estratola densidad real, porcentaje de humedad, densidad aparente, resistencia a la penetración y porcentaje de porosidad, además del índice de estabilidad estructural y el de encostramiento. Los valores obtenidos indican que para ambos sistemas de riego la capa con más influencia fue la 10-20 cm y observándose un menor efecto en los bloques asociados con Kudzu, los cuales no tuvieron índices de formación de costras superficiales. Palabras clave: Sistemas de riego, porosidad, humedad del suelo, densidad aparente, banano.
Nitrate analogs as attractants for soybean cyst nematode.

Science.gov (United States)

Hosoi, Akito; Katsuyama, Tsutomu; Sasaki, Yasuyuki; Kondo, Tatsuhiko; Yajima, Shunsuke; Ito, Shinsaku

2017-08-01

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, a plant parasite, is one of the most serious pests of soybean. In this paper, we report that SCN is attracted to nitrate and its analogs. We performed attraction assays to screen for novel attractants for SCN and found that nitrates were attractants for SCN and SCN recognized nitrate gradients. However, attraction of SCN to nitrates was not observed on agar containing nitrate. To further elucidate the attraction mechanism in SCN, we performed attraction assays using nitrate analogs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). SCN was attracted to all nitrate analogs; however, attraction of SCN to nitrate analogs was not observed on agar containing nitrate. In contrast, SCN was attracted to azuki root, irrespective of presence or absence of nitrate in agar media. Our results suggest that the attraction mechanisms differ between plant-derived attractant and nitrate.
Reference-Free CMOS Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converters

CERN Document Server

Figueiredo, Michael; Evans, Guiomar

2013-01-01

This book shows that digitally assisted analog-to-digital converters are not the only way to cope with poor analog performance caused by technology scaling. It describes various analog design techniques that enhance the area and power efficiency without employing any type of digital calibration circuitry. These techniques consist of self-biasing for PVT enhancement, inverter-based design for improved speed/power ratio, gain-of-two obtained by voltage sum instead of charge redistribution, and current-mode reference shifting instead of voltage reference shifting. Together, these techniques allow enhancing the area and power efficiency of the main building blocks of a multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) based stage, namely, the flash quantizer, the amplifier, and the switched capacitor network of the MDAC. Complementing the theoretical analyses of the various techniques, a power efficient operational transconductance amplifier is implemented and experimentally characterized. Furthermore, a medium-low ...
When Reasoning Modifies Memory: Schematic Assimilation Triggered by Analogical Mapping

Science.gov (United States)

Vendetti, Michael S.; Wu, Aaron; Rowshanshad, Ebi; Knowlton, Barbara J.; Holyoak, Keith J.

2014-01-01

Analogical mapping highlights shared relations that link 2 situations, potentially at the expense of information that does not fit the dominant pattern of correspondences. To investigate whether analogical mapping can alter subsequent recognition memory for features of a source analog, we performed 2 experiments with 4-term proportional analogies…
A heat exchanger analogy of automotive paint ovens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, Preetham P.

2013-01-01

Computational prediction of vehicle temperatures in an automotive paint oven is essential to predict paint quality and manufacturability. The complex geometry of vehicles, varying scales in the flow, transient nature of the process, and the tightly coupled conjugate heat transfer render the numerical models computationally very expensive. Here, a novel, simplified model of the oven is developed using an analogy to a three-stream cross flow heat exchanger that transfers heat from air to a series of moving bodies and supporting carriers. The analogous heat exchanger equations are developed and solved numerically. Steady state Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to model the flow field and to extract the heat transfer coefficients around the body and carriers. The air temperature distribution from the CFD models is used as a boundary condition in the analogous model. Correction coefficients are used in the analogy to take care of various assumptions. These are determined from existing test data. The same corrections are used to predict air temperatures for a modified configuration of the oven and a different vehicle. The method can be used to conduct control volume analysis of ovens to determine energy efficiency, and to study new vehicle or oven designs. -- Highlights: • Analogy of an automotive paint oven as a three stream cross flow heat exchanger. • The three streams are vehicle bodies, carriers and hot air. • Convection coefficients and inlet air stream temperatures from steady CFD simulations. • Analogy useful for overall energy efficiency analysis of conveyor ovens in general
Desarrollo de efectos cerámicos como acabados superficiales, mediante tecnología de inyección digital

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Spain S.A., Ferro

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Ferro Spain SA has tackled the practical viability of tile surfaces decoration by means of applying layers of reduced thickness by means of the use of digital injection technology by inkjet and, specifically, relating to effects and superficial finishes different from colouring. It has been studied several mechanisms which allow to get those effects and the influence of the main variables. It has also been assessed the obtained results dealing with the current regulations as in the case of non-slip effect.

Ferro Spain, S.A. ha abordado la viabilidad práctica de la decoración de superficies cerámicas mediante la aplicación de capas de muy reducido espesor mediante el uso de la tecnología de inyección digital por chorro de tinta y, específicamente en lo relativo a efectos y acabados superficiales distintos de la coloración. Se han estudiado los diversos mecanismos que permiten obtener dichos efectos y la influencia de las principales variables. También ha evaluado los resultados obtenidos atendiendo a las normativas vigentes como es el caso del efecto antideslizante.
Efectos de contexto en la formación de juicios en un caso de violación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mercedes Novo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se diseñó un estudio con el objetivo de conocer cómo los efectos de contexto (consumo de alcohol y el uso de una vestimenta sugerente por la víctima influyen en la formación de juicios en un caso de violación. Para ello se ejecutó un diseño factorial completo 2 (género: hombres vs. mujeres x 3 (condición: neutra, alcohol y vestimenta para analizar la influencia sobre la credibilidad percibida, la atribución de responsabilidad y la valoración de la violación como una agresión frente a una relación consentida. Participaron 112 sujetos asignados a una de las condiciones experimentales. Los resultados informaron que el consumo de alcohol reducía significativamente la credibilidad percibida. Además, se observó un efecto para la interacción entre el género y la condición experimental, de modo que los hombres valoraban la violación más como una relación consentida en la condición alcohol, mientras que en las mujeres se producía el efecto inverso.
Analogical Reasoning in Children with Specific Language Impairment

Science.gov (United States)

Leroy, Sandrine; Parisse, Christophe; Maillart, Christelle

2012-01-01

Usage-based theory considers analogical reasoning as a cognitive process required in language development. We hypothesized that difficulties with analogical reasoning could hinder the abstraction of construction schemas, thus slowing down morphosyntactic development for children with specific language impairment (SLI). We also hypothesized, in…
Analogies in Medicine: Valuable for Learning, Reasoning, Remembering and Naming

Science.gov (United States)

Pena, Gil Patrus; Andrade-Filho, Jose de Souza

2010-01-01

Analogies are important tools in human reasoning and learning, for resolving problems and providing arguments, and are extensively used in medicine. Analogy and similarity involve a structural alignment or mapping between domains. This cognitive mechanism can be used to make inferences and learn new abstractions. Through analogies, we try to…
Spanish Velar-Insertion and Analogy: A Usage-Based Diachronic Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Fondow, Steven Richard

2010-01-01

The theory of Analogical and Exemplar Modeling (AEM) suggests renewed discussion of the formalization of analogy and its possible incorporation in linguistic theory. AEM is a usage-based model founded upon Exemplar Modeling (Bybee 2007, Pierrehumbert 2001) that utilizes several principles of the Analogical Modeling of Language (Skousen 1992, 1995,…

El efecto de la edad relativa en el fútbol español

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan José Salinero Martín

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar si se produce el efecto de la edad relativa en el fútbol profesional en España, equipos filiales y sus categorías inferiores, donde el corte de edad actual para la formación de las diferentes categorías es el del año natural. El análisis ha incluido a todos los futbolistas de la primera división española de la temporada 2009-2010, así como a 16 equipos filiales y a la cantera de 11 de estos equipos (total N=2.116. El resultado de nuestro estudio confirma un efecto de la edad relativa en todos los grupos, con un descenso significativo desde las categorías inferiores hasta los equipos filiales y la primera división. Se hace patente replantear los sistemas de competición y la detección de talentos de cara a evitar este sesgo que limita las posibilidades de los deportistas nacidos en los últimos meses del año.
Efectos de la Ley 789 sobre la demanda laboral manufacturera colombiana 2001-2006

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Álvaro Fernando Narváez Rubiano

2015-11-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudian los impactos de un cambio institucionalcomo la reforma laboral del 2002 sobre la demanda laboral colombiana, con base en datos panel suministrados por la Encuesta Anual Manufacturera desagregada a cuatro dígitos CIUU para el periodo 2001-2006 y de acuerdo a los planteamientos teóricos de Hamermesh (1993. Adicionalmente, se estiman elasticidades y los resultados del ejercicio econométrico arrojan una elasticidad empleo producto de 0,57 y 0,61 de corto y largo plazo respectivamente; una elasticidad empleo-salario en el corto plazo de -0,78 y en el largo plazo de -0,98. Esto corrobora un elemento común de los trabajos empíricos, según el cual las elasticidades precios de los factores son mayores en el largo plazo. Los valores anteriores muestran que en el corto plazo la reforma tiene efectos negativos sobre la creación de empleos, mientras que en el largo plazo la reforma no tiene efectos sobre la demanda laboral manufacturera.
Multilateral Research Opportunities in Ground Analogs

Science.gov (United States)

Corbin, Barbara J.

2015-01-01

The global economy forces many nations to consider their national investments and make difficult decisions regarding their investment in future exploration. International collaboration provides an opportunity to leverage other nations' investments to meet common goals. The Humans In Space Community shares a common goal to enable safe, reliable, and productive human space exploration within and beyond Low Earth Orbit. Meeting this goal requires efficient use of limited resources and International capabilities. The International Space Station (ISS) is our primary platform to conduct microgravity research targeted at reducing human health and performance risks for exploration missions. Access to ISS resources, however, is becoming more and more constrained and will only be available through 2020 or 2024. NASA's Human Research Program (HRP) is actively pursuing methods to effectively utilize the ISS and appropriate ground analogs to understand and mitigate human health and performance risks prior to embarking on human exploration of deep space destinations. HRP developed a plan to use ground analogs of increasing fidelity to address questions related to exploration missions and is inviting International participation in these planned campaigns. Using established working groups and multilateral panels, the HRP is working with multiple Space Agencies to invite International participation in a series of 30- day missions that HRP will conduct in the US owned and operated Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) during 2016. In addition, the HRP is negotiating access to Antarctic stations (both US and non-US), the German :envihab and Russian NEK facilities. These facilities provide unique capabilities to address critical research questions requiring longer duration simulation or isolation. We are negotiating release of international research opportunities to ensure a multilateral approach to future analog research campaigns, hoping to begin multilateral campaigns in the
SSERVI Analog Regolith Simulant Testbed Facility

Science.gov (United States)

Minafra, J.; Schmidt, G. K.

2016-12-01

SSERVI's goals include supporting planetary researchers within NASA, other government agencies; private sector and hardware developers; competitors in focused prize design competitions; and academic sector researchers. The SSERVI Analog Regolith Simulant Testbed provides opportunities for research scientists and engineers to study the effects of regolith analog testbed research in the planetary exploration field. This capability is essential to help to understand the basic effects of continued long-term exposure to a simulated analog test environment. The current facility houses approximately eight tons of JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant in a test bin consisting of a 4 meter by 4 meter area. SSERVI provides a bridge between several groups, joining together researchers from: 1) scientific and exploration communities, 2) multiple disciplines across a wide range of planetary sciences, and 3) domestic and international communities and partnerships. This testbed provides a means of consolidating the tasks of acquisition, storage and safety mitigation in handling large quantities of regolith simulant Facility hardware and environment testing scenarios include, but are not limited to the following; Lunar surface mobility, Dust exposure and mitigation, Regolith handling and excavation, Solar-like illumination, Lunar surface compaction profile, Lofted dust, Mechanical properties of lunar regolith, and Surface features (i.e. grades and rocks) Numerous benefits vary from easy access to a controlled analog regolith simulant testbed, and planetary exploration activities at NASA Research Park, to academia and expanded commercial opportunities in California's Silicon Valley, as well as public outreach and education opportunities.
Efectos secundarios del implante etonogestrel en mujeres en edad fértil atendidas en el Subcentro de San Antonio, 2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maritza Marisol Álvarez Moreno

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción. El Implante de Etonogestrel es un método anticonceptivo, que ofrece a las usuarias alta eficacia anticonceptiva del 99%, en un periodo de tres años; es seguro, cómodo y accesible. Los efectos secundarios que se describen son: irregularidades del ciclo menstrual, cefalea, náuseas, aumento de peso; siendo estos la razón para no continuar utilizando este método anticonceptivo. Objetivo. Identificar los efectos secundarios del Implante de Etonogestrel, usado como método anticonceptivo seleccionado en mujeres en edad fértil. Material y Método. Este es un estudio de; revisión documentada, de campo, cualicuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra es de 112 usuarias. A 60 usuarias se les aplico una encuesta validada, así como a los profesionales que laboran en la unidad, con la finalidad de identificar como se brinda la consejería respecto a este dispositivo. Conclusión. Las características de las usuarias que fueron incluidas en nuestro estudio, no influyen significativamente en la percepción de efectos secundarios, no se puede identificar que la aparición de los efectos como son: irregularidades en el ciclo menstrual, cefalea, aumento de peso, irritabilidad, náuseas y disminución del libido, además se plantea la importancia de la atención a controles subsecuentes en donde la misma no se está aplicando.
La educación de los hijos de inmigrantes: efectos contextuales sobre los logros educativos de la segunda generación

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Alejandro Portes

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Completamos hallazgos publicados anteriormente sobre los logros académicos de la segunda generación de inmigrantes con un análisis de los efectos contextuales de los colegios basado en el amplio conjunto de datos usado por el análisis previo más conocido, el Estudio Longitudinal de Hijos de Inmigrantes, en inglés CILS. Un modelo jerárquico de los efectos contextuales y a nivel individual sobre los logros académicos y el desempeño escolar revela patrones que reproducen los ya encontrados en sondeos que se realizaron a estudiantes nacionales, pero también muestra otros exclusivos de la segunda generación de inmigrados. Entre estos últimos, el fuerte efecto negativo del periodo de residencia en EE.UU. sobre logros en los diversos contextos escolares y el hecho de que los efectos fuertes de origen nacional en las calificaciones se ven atenuados en colegios con altas proporciones de diversidad étnica. Los estudiantes de origen mexicano muestran importantes desventajas en los logros y la retención que, por lo general, en los colegios a los que asisten, se agravan y no se solucionan. Se adelanta una explicación teórica de este modelo y se discuten sus implicaciones prácticas.
Efectos de sorpresas económicas en la estructura de tasas de interés. Evidencia para Brasil, Chile y México

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Luis Ceballos Sanhueza

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se reporta el impacto de sorpresas económicas y anuncios de política monetaria no convencional en los factores de la estructura de tasas nominales en Brasil, Chile y México. Se evidencia que sorpresas locales de inflación y de política monetaria tienen mayor efecto en la forma de la estructura de tasas, además, se registran efectos asimétricos de dichas sorpresas en la estructura de tasas de las economías analizadas. Por otro lado, sorpresas externas tienen un impacto asimétrico, mientras que el efecto de anuncios de política no convencionales, tanto el Quantitative Easing como el Twist Operation son los anuncios que presentan mayor impacto en la estructura de tasas de interés.
Neuroscientific Insights into the Development of Analogical Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Whitaker, Kirstie J.; Vendetti, Michael S.; Wendelken, Carter; Bunge, Silvia A.

2018-01-01

Analogical reasoning, or the ability to find correspondences between entities based on shared relationships, supports knowledge acquisition. As such, the development of this ability during childhood is thought to promote learning. Here, we sought to better understand the mechanisms by which analogical reasoning about semantic relations improves…
Cross-Domain Analogies as Relating Derived Relations among Two Separate Relational Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Ruiz, Francisco J; Luciano, Carmen

2011-01-01

Contemporary behavior analytic research is making headway in analyzing analogy as the establishment of a relation of coordination among common types of trained or derived relations. Previous studies have been focused on within-domain analogy. The current study expands previous research by analyzing cross-domain analogy as relating relations among separate relational networks and by correlating participants' performance with a standard measure of analogical reasoning. In two experiments, adult participants first completed general intelligence and analogical reasoning tests. Subsequently, they were exposed to a computerized conditional discrimination training procedure designed to create two relational networks, each consisting of two 3-member equivalence classes. The critical test was a two-part analogical test in which participants had to relate combinatorial relations of coordination and distinction between the two relational networks. In Experiment 1, combinatorial relations for each network were individually tested prior to analogical testing, but in Experiment 2 they were not. Across both experiments, 65% of participants passed the analogical test on the first attempt. Moreover, results from the training procedure were strongly correlated with the standard measure of analogical reasoning. PMID:21547072
MENUMBUHKAN DAYA NALAR ( POWER OF REASON SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN ANALOGI MATEMATIKA

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Rahayu Kariadinata

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Learning mathematical analogy is one alternative learning that can be applied in order to cultivate the power of reason (power of reason students. Through mathematical analogy students are required to be able to look for similarities or relationship nature of the two concepts are the same or different by comparison, then draw a conclusion from the similitude. Thus the analogy can be used as an explanation or as the basis of reasoning. Before starting the analogy of learning mathematics, teachers should examine the ability of understanding mathematical concepts of students, because of the level of understanding of students will affect the power of reason. Tasks (problems mathematical analogy included non-routine matter, therefore the required readiness of teachers to make it. In each question contained mathematical analogy same or different concepts, so it takes quite a lot of material. Steps to make about the mathematical analogy, are: a assemble all the concepts in mathematics student has learned; b Similarly stacking properties / relationships contained in any concept, and c select materials that have a nature / relationship analogous. In this paper is given two forms of matter of mathematical analogy is the analogy of mathematical models and mathematical analogy 1 models 2. Learning mathematical analogy should be carried out after a number of concepts learned. It is better to be given in classes end for many of the concepts that have been learned by the students. Reasoning power (power of reason the student becomes an important part in the process of learning to drive them toward their future as citizens are intelligent, which will be led by the power of reason (the brain and not by the strength (muscle only. As noted by former US President Thomas Jefferson (in Copi, 1978: vii, which states: "In a republican nation, Whose citizens are to be led by reason and persuasion and not by force, the art of reasoning Becomes of first importance"
Software approach to automatic patching of analog computer

Science.gov (United States)

1973-01-01

The Automatic Patching Verification program (APV) is described which provides the hybrid computer programmer with a convenient method of performing a static check of the analog portion of his study. The static check insures that the program is patched as specified, and that the computing components being used are operating correctly. The APV language the programmer uses to specify his conditions and interconnections is similar to the FORTRAN language in syntax. The APV control program reads APV source program statements from an assigned input device. Each source program statement is processed immediately after it is read. A statement may select an analog console, set an analog mode, set a potentiometer or DAC, or read from the analog console and perform a test. Statements are read and processed sequentially. If an error condition is detected, an output occurs on an assigned output device. When an end statement is read, the test is terminated.
Estudio del Efecto de la Altitud sobre el Comportamiento de Motores de Combustión Interna. Parte 1: Funcionamiento

OpenAIRE

Lapuerta, Magín; Armas, Octavio; Agudelo, John R; Sánchez, Carlos A

2006-01-01

En este trabajo se estudia el efecto de la altitud sobre la potencia en motores de aspiración natural y turbosobrealimentados sin sistemas correctores, en función de la presión ambiental. La altitud sobre el nivel del mar tiene un notable efecto sobre la densidad del aire y su composición. Dado que los motores de combustión interna tienen sistemas de admisión y de inyección de combustible volumétricos, la altitud modifica el ciclo termodinámico de operación, y en consecuencia las prestaciones...
Efecto de la elevación precoz de progesterona sobre la efectividad de la fecundación in vitro

OpenAIRE

Caballero Campo, Miguel

2016-01-01

La elevación precoz de progesterona ha sido catalogada como un efecto colateral desfavorable de la estimulación ovárica, que produce un aumento de la masa de células granulosas capaces de sintetizar progesterona y favorece su producción. La exposición precoz del endometrio a la progesterona puede producir una alteración de la regulación de la ventana de implantación, y reducir la probabilidad de implantación embrionaria, de gestación clínica y de nacido vivo. El efecto de la progesterona pued...
La Antracnosis del olivo y su efecto en la calidad del aceite

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Moral, J.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea is one of the first domesticated and cultivated trees that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean regions. The Anthracnose, caused by the two complex fungal species Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, is the most important disease adversely affecting the olive oil quality. Even so, the effect of Anthracnose on oil quality is largely unknown and many questions remain unanswered. This offers a unique opportunity to study how Colletotrichum species, cultivars, infection type (latent or visible and severity, and other factors that may affect different parameters of oil quality, such us acidity, peroxide value, K232, K270, phenolic compounds, or alkyl esters. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the biology, epidemiology, and management of Anthracnose and its effect on olive oil quality.El olivo (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea es uno de los primeros cultivos leñosos domesticados. Actualmente el olivo se encuentra ampliamente distribuido por todas las regiones de clima mediterráneo. La Antracnosis, causada por las especies complejas Colletotrichum acutatum y C. gloeosporioides, es la enfermedad del olivo que más afecta a la calidad del aceite. Aun así, el efecto de la Antracnosis en la calidad del aceite es ampliamente desconocido. Por lo que creemos esencial que se afronten estudios encaminados a dilucidar el efecto de las especies del patógeno, el cultivar de olivo y el tipo (latente o visible y severidad de las infecciones de la aceituna en los distintos parámetros de calidad del aceite como la acidez, índice de peróxidos, K232, K270, compuestos fenólicos o ésteres alquílicos. Esta revisión presenta los conocimientos actuales sobre la biología, epidemiología, control, y efecto en la calidad del aceite de la Antracnosis del olivo.
Efecto del hidróxido de calcio sobre comunidades de nemátodos marinos

OpenAIRE

Cornejo, Mare

2003-01-01

Efecto del Hidróxido de Calcio sobre comunidades de nemátodos marinos El hidróxido de calcio es un compuesto químico utilizado para neutralizar la acidez del suelo e incrementar la alcalinidad total y la dureza total de los estanques de acuicultura pobremente tamponados.
An Experimentation Platform for On-Chip Integration of Analog Neural Networks: A Pathway to Trusted and Robust Analog/RF ICs.

Science.gov (United States)

Maliuk, Dzmitry; Makris, Yiorgos

2015-08-01

We discuss the design of an experimentation platform intended for prototyping low-cost analog neural networks for on-chip integration with analog/RF circuits. The objective of such integration is to support various tasks, such as self-test, self-tuning, and trust/aging monitoring, which require classification of analog measurements obtained from on-chip sensors. Particular emphasis is given to cost-efficient implementation reflected in: 1) low energy and area budgets of circuits dedicated to neural networks; 2) robust learning in presence of analog inaccuracies; and 3) long-term retention of learned functionality. Our chip consists of a reconfigurable array of synapses and neurons operating below threshold and featuring sub-μW power consumption. The synapse circuits employ dual-mode weight storage: 1) a dynamic mode, for fast bidirectional weight updates during training and 2) a nonvolatile mode, for permanent storage of learned functionality. We discuss a robust learning strategy, and we evaluate the system performance on several benchmark problems, such as the XOR2-6 and two-spirals classification tasks.
Comparación de los efectos del D-004, imipramina y sertralina en el modelo de nado forzado en ratones

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Daisy Carbajal Quintana

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La finasterida, inhibidor de la 5 a-reductasa, se emplea en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia prostática benigna, y ocasiona entre sus efectos adversos un aumento de cuadros de depresión. El D-004 es un extracto lipídico extraído a partir del fruto de la palma real (Roystonea regia, inhibe la 5 a-reductasa y previene la hiperplasia prostática benigna, y muestra un efecto antidepresivo moderado en el ensayo de nado forzado y suspensión por la cola. Objetivo: comparar el efecto del D-004 con la imipramina y la sertralina sobre la duración de las conductas de inmovilidad, nado y escalado en el ensayo de nado forzado. Métodos: se distribuyeron los ratones en ocho grupos: control (vehículo, tres tratados con D-004 (100, 250 y 500 mg/kg, dos con sertralina y dos con imipramina (30 y 50 mg/kg respectivamente. Estos se colocaron en un cilindro de cristal que contenía agua a una altura de 6 cm y se cuantificaron las conductas. Resultados: la administración oral de D-004 (100, 250 y 500 mg/kg durante 14 días redujo significativamente el tiempo de inmovilidad con respecto al grupo control (17, 22 y 25 % y aumentó significativamente la conducta de nado en 1,58, 1,68 y 1,74 veces. Este efecto resulta moderado (25 % comparado con las reducciones alcanzadas por la sertralina y la imipramina (³ 60 %. Las dosis mayores (250 y 500 mg/kg ocasionaron incrementos de la conducta de escalado, 2,79 y 3,55 veces superiores a la del grupo control, lo que mostró semejanza con la imipramina, aunque con una menor eficacia. Conclusiones: el D-004 ejerce un moderado efecto antidepresivo, lo que pudiera contribuir al manejo de los pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna en los cuales se informa coincidencia de cuadros depresivos.
Evaluación del efecto citotóxico de una resina dental a base de siloranos sobre fibroblastos L929

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Milena Guerrero F

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las resinas dentales basadas en siloranos, son el resultado de la unión química de siloxanos y oxiranos. Dentro del proceso de evolución de las resinas, se han modificado sus formulaciones para optimizar sus propiedades físicas, mecánicas y estéticas. Sin embargo, aún presentan problemas como la contracción de polimerización, problemas alérgicos y toxicológicos. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial efecto citotóxico de las resinas a base de siloranos sobre la viabilidad celular en un cultivo de fibroblastos de la línea L929. Metodología: Se estudió la exposición de fibroblastos de ratón L929 a resinas dentales a base de siloranos Filtek p90 y metacrilatos Filtek p60 en tres tiempos de fotocurado durante 6 días. Se evaluó el efecto sobre la viabilidad celular mediante pruebas de exclusión vital, micrografías electrónicas y composición elemental de superficie (Mg, Na, K y Ca por ESEM/EDAX. Resultados: La resina Filtek p90 mostró un mayor efecto citotóxico a tiempos de fotocurado prolongados (20 segundos o más respecto a la resina Filtek p60. El efecto resultó más marcado para 20 segundos de fotocurado, ya que las concentraciones de Ca y K en la superficie celular fueron las más afectadas. Conclusiones: La resina dental Filtek p90 ejerce un efecto citotóxico relativamente bajo sobre las células de fibroblastos L929 (p <0.01. Su uso en la práctica odontológica se puede considerar bioseguro, pero un tiempo de fotocurado prolongado con la resina dental a base de siloranos puede afectar significativamente la viabilidad de los tejidos dentales
Synthesis and structure-distribution study of radioiodinated norepinephrine storage analogs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wieland, D.M.; Inbasekaran, M.; Brown, L.E.; Marsh, D.D.; Beierwaltes, W.H. (Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor (USA). Medical Center)

Unlabelled analogs of norepinephrine have been synthesised and then labelled with /sup 125/I in an attempt to find an agent with heart uptake and neuronal specificity greater than metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). The analogs of norepinephrine were injected intravenously into dogs and showed a heart concentration similar to MIBG. Neuronal specificity of some analogs is being evaluated in rat heart.
Efectos del tipo de diabetes, estrategias de afrontamiento, sexo y optimismo en el apoyo social

OpenAIRE

Rondón, José E.; Lugli, Zoraide

2013-01-01

Se desea conocer el efecto del tipo de diabetes, las estrategias de afrontamiento, el sexo, y el optimismo sobre las redes sociales y el apoyo social percibido por sujetos con diabetes. Participaron 103 hombres y 197 mujeres divididos en diabéticos tipo

Efectos desbordamiento de la inversión en infraestructuras en las regiones españolas

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Oriol Roca Sagalés

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo estimamos el impacto de la inversión en infraestructuras sobre el producto, la ocupación y la inversión privada en el conjunto de España y sus CC.AA., y evaluamos la importancia de los efectos desbordamiento en las distintas regiones españolas. Para ello estimamos una serie de modelos econométricos utilizando la metodología de Vectores Autoregresivos (VAR. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan un impacto positivo de la inversión en infraestructuras tanto en España como en la mayoría de regiones sobre el PIB y la inversión privada, así como sobre el empleo, aunque en menor medida. También detectamos la presencia de efectos desbordamiento muy significativos, y ofrecemos una interpretación económica de los mismos desde una perspectiva regional.
Efectos desbordamiento de la inversión en infraestructuras en las regiones españolas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oriol Roca Sagalés

2006-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo estimamos el impacto de la inversión en infraestructuras sobre el producto, la ocupación y la inversión privada en el conjunto de España y sus CC.AA., y evaluamos la importancia de los efectos desbordamiento en las distintas regiones españolas. Para ello estimamos una serie de modelos econométricos utilizando la metodología de Vectores Autoregresivos (VAR. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan un impacto positivo de la inversión en infraestructuras —tanto en España como en la mayoría de regiones— sobre el PIB y la inversión privada, así como sobre el empleo, aunque en menor medida. También detectamos la presencia de efectos desbordamiento muy significativos, y ofrecemos una interpretación económica de los mismos desde una perspectiva regional.
Efecto del Hierro en el Desarrollo de las Raíces de las Plantas

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Correa Velásquez Jairo

1964-08-01

Full Text Available Se investigó el efecto del hierro en el desarrollo de las raíces del cacao, el café y el fríjol. También se observó la velocidad de recuperación de la clorofila en plantas cloróticas de cacao y café, al agregarles cantidades crecientes de hierro, y el efecto de dicha recuperación sobre el desarrollo radical. Además, se estudió el grado de absorción y movilización de Fe50 en plantas de cacao, y el efecto de distintas dosis de hierro en el crecimiento de raíces aisladas cacao, café y fríjol. Las plantas fueron cultivadas en el invernadero en solución HoagIand N° 2 sin Fe y las raíces para cultivo se obtuvieron de semillas germinadas en el laboratorio. Se usaron plantas de cacao del clon uf 668 de 3 meses y de café (variedad caturra con la misma edad. El hierro radiactivo utilizado fue en forma de cloruro (Fe59 cl 3 y el agregado a la solución o al follaje, en forma de quelato (Fe E. D. T. A.. Las adiciones de este elemento se hicieron cuando las plantas mostraban síntomas característicos de su deficiencia. Hubo una recuperación casi total de la clorosis y tanto el volumen como la longitud radical aumentaron con las aplicaciones crecientes de hierro, aunque la longitud relativa de los tallos mostró una tendencia decreciente. En las hojas de cacao se presentó una acumulación del Fe y su movilización hacia los demás órganos de la planta fue lenta y en proporción reducida en relación con el total absorbido. Igual cosa sucedió con el Fe50 suministrado a las raíces. No se pudieron observar los efectos del Fe en el crecimiento de raíces aisladas de cacao, café y fríjol, pues el desarrollo fue muy reducido, debido a que la rápida oxidación de los tejidos (al separar aquéllas del resto de la planta redujo la viabilidad a unos pocos días.
Efectos de la cobertura vacunal previa en la dinamica de un brote de sarampion

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Luna Sánchez Antonio

1997-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: La eficacia de una vacuna debería medirse mediante ensayos clínicos controlados, no obstante, aspectos éticos lo impiden. Orenstein sugiere que se estime la eficacia de una vacuna mediante, entre otros métodos, el estudio de los brotes epidémicos de la enfermedad caso de ser posible. El presente estudio plantea el cálculo de la eficacia vacunal en el terreno y de los efectos protectores de un programa de vacunación mediante el análisis de un brote epidémico de sarampión. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. La población de estudio la constituyó el grupo de niños nacidos en el municipio de Aznalcollar (localidad de 5.571 habitantes perteneciente al Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla entre dos brotes epidémicos de sarampión ocurridos en dicha localidad en los años 1986 y 1994. Se excluyeron de la cohorte a aquellos niños que a comienzos del brote de 1994 no habían cumplido la edad de vacunación y también a quienes tuvieron exposición anterior al virus, es decir los nacidos antes y durante la epidemia de 1986. El estudio incluyó a vacunados y no vacunados. Todos los casos cumplían los criterios diagnósticos establecidos. A todos los niños en seguimiento se les revisó sus antecedentes vacunales. Tras el cálculo de las tasas de ataque en vacunados y no vacunados, se determinaron la eficacia vacunal y los efectos indirectos totales y medios del programa de vacunación. RESULTADOS: La vacuna resultó eficaz en el 91'5 % de los vacunados. El programa de vacunación produjo una reducción del número de casos en los no vacunados del 78'9%, del 98% en los vacunados y del 92% en el conjunto de la cohorte estudiada, siendo la cobertura vacunal de la misma del 66'4%. CONCLUSIONES: Los efectos de la vacunación y la eficacia vacunal pueden y deben ser calculados aprovechando la aparición de brotes epidémicos caso de ser posible. Se recomienda incrementar las coberturas de vacunación de la poblaci
Beuchot’s formal analogism within Peter Singer’s philosophy

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José Barrientos-Rastrojo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analyses an analogic reading of singerian ethics. Firstly, it studies Mauricio Beuchot’s analogical hermeneutics grounds. Then, it takes them to each of the Peter Singer’s ethical universes. Finally, it reveals the scheme of his ethic that will be followed in his future works. Therefore, this article has a prospective mission related to Professor Singer and it has an practical mission related to Mauricio Beuchot because it determines a practical performance to his analogical hermeneutics.
A dark business, full of shadows: analogy and theology in William Harvey.

Science.gov (United States)

Goldberg, Benjamin

2013-09-01

In a short work called De conceptione appended to the end of his Exercitationes de generatione animalium (1651), William Harvey developed a rather strange analogy. To explain how such marvelous productions as living beings were generated from the rather inauspicious ingredients of animal reproduction, Harvey argued that conception in the womb was like conception in the brain. It was mostly rejected at the time; it now seems a ludicrous theory based upon homonymy. However, this analogy offers insight into the structure and function of analogies in early modern natural philosophy. In this essay I hope to not only describe the complex nature of Harvey's analogy, but also offer a novel interpretation of his use of analogical reasoning, substantially revising the account offered by Guido Giglioni (1993). I discuss two points of conceptual change and negotiation in connection with Harvey's analogy, understanding it as both a confrontation between the border of the natural and the supernatural, as well as a moment in the history of psychology. My interpretation touches upon a number of important aspects, including why the analogy was rejected, how Harvey systematically deployed analogies according to his notions of natural philosophical method, how the analogy fits into contemporary discussions of analogies in science, and finally, how the analogy must be seen in the context of changing Renaissance notions of the science of the soul, ultimately confronting the problem of how to understand final causality in Aristotelian science. In connection with the last, I conclude the essay by turning to how Harvey embeds the analogy within a natural theological cosmology. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Membrane Affinity of Platensimycin and Its Dialkylamine Analogs

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Ian Rowe

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Membrane permeability is a desired property in drug design, but there have been difficulties in quantifying the direct drug partitioning into native membranes. Platensimycin (PL is a new promising antibiotic whose biosynthetic production is costly. Six dialkylamine analogs of PL were synthesized with identical pharmacophores but different side chains; five of them were found inactive. To address the possibility that their activity is limited by the permeation step, we calculated polarity, measured surface activity and the ability to insert into the phospholipid monolayers. The partitioning of PL and the analogs into the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli was assessed by activation curve shifts of a re-engineered mechanosensitive channel, MscS, in patch-clamp experiments. Despite predicted differences in polarity, the affinities to lipid monolayers and native membranes were comparable for most of the analogs. For PL and the di-myrtenyl analog QD-11, both carrying bulky sidechains, the affinity for the native membrane was lower than for monolayers (half-membranes, signifying that intercalation must overcome the lateral pressure of the bilayer. We conclude that the biological activity among the studied PL analogs is unlikely to be limited by their membrane permeability. We also discuss the capacity of endogenous tension-activated channels to detect asymmetric partitioning of exogenous substances into the native bacterial membrane and the different contributions to the thermodynamic force which drives permeation.
Overview of the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA)

Science.gov (United States)

Neigut, J.

2015-01-01

In 2013, the Human Research Program at NASA began developing a new confinement analog specifically for conducting research to investigate the effects of confinement on the human system. The HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog) habitat has been used for both 7 and 14 day missions to date to examine and mitigate exploration risks to enable safe, reliable and productive human space exploration. This presentation will describe how the Flight Analogs Project developed the HERA facility and the infrastructure to suit investigator requirements for confinement research and in the process developed a new approach to analog utilization and a new state of the art analog facility. Details regarding HERA operations will be discussed including specifics on the mission simulation utilized for the current 14-day campaign, the specifics of the facility (total volume, overall size, hardware), and the capabilities available to researchers. The overall operational philosophy, mission fidelity including timeline, schedule pressures and cadence, and development and implementation of mission stressors will be presented. Research conducted to date in the HERA has addressed risks associated with behavioral health and performance, human physiology, as well as human factors. This presentation will conclude with a discussion of future research plans for the HERA, including infrastructure improvements and additional research capabilities planned for the upcoming 30-day missions in 2016.
Reasoning through Instructional Analogies

Science.gov (United States)

Kapon, Shulamit; diSessa, Andrea A.

2012-01-01

This article aims to account for students' assessments of the plausibility and applicability of analogical explanations, and individual differences in these assessments, by analyzing properties of students' underlying knowledge systems. We developed a model of explanation and change in explanation focusing on knowledge elements that provide a…
Efectos terapéuticos de la privación de sueño en la depresión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Carmen Cano-Lozano

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo revisa el estado actual de la investigación sobre los efectos terapéuticos de la privación de sueño en la depresión. El 40-60% de los sujetos depresivos mejora su estado clínico después de una noche de privación total de sueño. Sin embargo, la respuesta antidepresiva es transitoria. Se produce generalmente una recaída después del sueño de recuperación. Otras manipulaciones del sueño también han mostrado propiedades antidepresivas como la privación parcial de sueño, la privación selectiva de la fase de sueño MOR (con movimientos oculares rápidos y el avance del ciclo sueño-vigilia. El momento y la duración del efecto terapéutico varían en las diferentes manipulaciones del sueño. Se han propuesto diversas teorías para explicar el efecto antidepresivo de la privación de sueño. Hasta el momento el mecanismo de acción no ha sido esclarecido. Ninguna teoría propone un mecanismo de acción a la base del efecto antidepresivo de la privación de sueño que explique todos los datos empíricos existentes. El gran interés clínico y teórico de toda esta serie de resultados pone de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir investigando en las complejas pero evidentes relaciones entre los procesos que regulan el sueño y los que regulan el estado de ánimo.
Albert Einstein, Analogizer Extraordinaire

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2007-01-01

Where does deep insight in physics come from? It is tempting to think that it comes from the purest and most precise of reasoning, following ironclad laws of thought that compel the clear mind completely rigidly. And yet the truth is quite otherwise. One finds, when one looks closely at any major discovery, that the greatest of physicists are, in some sense, the most crazily daring and irrational of all physicists. Albert Einstein exemplifies this thesis in spades. In this talk I will describe the key role, throughout Albert Einstein's fabulously creative life, played by wild guesses made by analogy lacking any basis whatsoever in pure reasoning. In particular, in this year of 2007, the centenary of 1907, I will describe how over the course of two years (1905 through 1907) of pondering, Einstein slowly came, via analogy, to understand the full, radical consequences of the equation that he had first discovered and published in 1905, arguably the most famous equation of all time: E = mc2.
Analog-to-digital conversion

CERN Document Server

Pelgrom, Marcel

2017-01-01

This textbook is appropriate for use in graduate-level curricula in analog-to-digital conversion, as well as for practicing engineers in need of a state-of-the-art reference on data converters. It discusses various analog-to-digital conversion principles, including sampling, quantization, reference generation, nyquist architectures and sigma-delta modulation. This book presents an overview of the state of the art in this field and focuses on issues of optimizing accuracy and speed, while reducing the power level. This new, third edition emphasizes novel calibration concepts, the specific requirements of new systems, the consequences of 22-nm technology and the need for a more statistical approach to accuracy. Pedagogical enhancements to this edition include additional, new exercises, solved examples to introduce all key, new concepts and warnings, remarks and hints, from a practitioner’s perspective, wherever appropriate. Considerable background information and practical tips, from designing a PCB, to lay-o...
Analog-to-digital conversion

CERN Document Server

Pelgrom, Marcel J. M

2013-01-01

This textbook is appropriate for use in graduate-level curricula in analog to digital conversion, as well as for practicing engineers in need of a state-of-the-art reference on data converters. It discusses various analog-to-digital conversion principles, including sampling, quantization, reference generation, nyquist architectures and sigma-delta modulation. This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in this field and focuses on issues of optimizing accuracy and speed, while reducing the power level. This new, second edition emphasizes novel calibration concepts, the specific requirements of new systems, the consequences of 45-nm technology and the need for a more statistical approach to accuracy. Pedagogical enhancements to this edition include more than twice the exercises available in the first edition, solved examples to introduce all key, new concepts and warnings, remarks and hints, from a practitioner’s perspective, wherever appropriate. Considerable background information and pr...
Terrestrial Spaceflight Analogs: Antarctica

Science.gov (United States)

Crucian, Brian

2013-01-01

Alterations in immune cell distribution and function, circadian misalignment, stress and latent viral reactivation appear to persist during Antarctic winterover at Concordia Station. Some of these changes are similar to those observed in Astronauts, either during or immediately following spaceflight. Others are unique to the Concordia analog. Based on some initial immune data and environmental conditions, Concordia winterover may be an appropriate analog for some flight-associated immune system changes and mission stress effects. An ongoing smaller control study at Neumayer III will address the influence of the hypoxic variable. Changes were observed in the peripheral blood leukocyte distribution consistent with immune mobilization, and similar to those observed during spaceflight. Alterations in cytokine production profiles were observed during winterover that are distinct from those observed during spaceflight, but potentially consistent with those observed during persistent hypobaric hypoxia. The reactivation of latent herpesviruses was observed during overwinter/isolation, that is consistently associated with dysregulation in immune function.
Synthesis and structure-distribution study of radioiodinated norepinephrine storage analogs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wieland, D.M.; Inbasekaran, M.; Brown, L.E.; Marsh, D.D.; Beierwaltes, W.H.

1982-01-01

Unlabelled analogs of norepinephrine have been synthesised and then labelled with 125 I in an attempt to find an agent with heart uptake and neuronal specificity greater than metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). The analogs of norepinephrine were injected intravenously into dogs and showed a heart concentration similar to MIBG. Neuronal specificity of some analogs is being evaluated in rat heart. (U.K.)
The Development of Verbal Relations in Analogical Reasonings.

Science.gov (United States)

Sternberg, Robert J.; Nigro, Georgia

A six-process theory of analogical reasoning was tested by administering verbal analogy items to students in grades 3 through college. The items were classified according to five verbal relations: synonyms, antonyms, functional, linear ordering, and class membership. A new method of componential analysis that does not require precueing was used to…
Using Analogies to Prevent Misconceptions about Chemical Equilibrium

Science.gov (United States)

Sahin Pekmez, Esin

2010-01-01

The main purpose of this study was to find the effectiveness of using analogies to prevent misconceptions about chemical equilibrium. Nineteen analogies, which were based on dynamic aspects of chemical equilibrium and application of Le Chatelier's principle, were developed. The participations of this study consisted of 11th grade students (n: 151)…
EFECTOS ASIMÉTRICOS DE LA POLÍTICA MONETARIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Mayorga Martínez

2003-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este documento es obtener evidencia empírica acerca de la existencia de efectos asimétricos de la política monetaria sobre el nivel de actividad económica, con base en el comportamiento de la tasa de interés. Se observa un efecto asimétrico de la política monetaria cuando tasas de interés por encima de su nivel fundamental tienen un efecto sobre la actividad económica significativamente distinto del que tendría una tasa de interés por debajo de su nivel fundamental.La identificación de cambios en la tasa de interés que reflejan cambios de política se realiza por mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas. En la primera etapa, el nivel fundamental de la tasa de interés se estima con una regla de Taylor modificada y sus residuos son utilizados para identificar el estado de la política. La segunda etapa consiste en una regresión del producto real sobre una constante y los valores rezagados de los residuos positivos y negativos obtenidos en la primera etapa. La asimetría vendría determinada por la significancia estadística de los coeficientes individuales de los residuos positivos y negativos y de la diferencia entre estos.La evidencia empírica, para el periodo 1994:01-2002:11, sugiere la existencia de una asimetría débil de la política monetaria. Lo anterior debido a que aunque los incrementos y disminuciones en la tasa de interés afectan el nivel de producción significativamente, la diferencia del impacto no resulta significativa.AbstractThe objective of this paper is to obtain empirical evidence about the existence of asymmetric effects of monetary policy over economic activity, based on interest rate behavior. Monetary policy shows an asymmetric effect when an interest rate over their fundamental level have an impact on economic activity that is significantly different from that when interest rate are below its fundamental level.Changes in interest rate that reflect changes of policy are identified using two stage
Analysis of Recurrent Analog Neural Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. Raida

1998-06-01

Full Text Available In this paper, an original rigorous analysis of recurrent analog neural networks, which are built from opamp neurons, is presented. The analysis, which comes from the approximate model of the operational amplifier, reveals causes of possible non-stable states and enables to determine convergence properties of the network. Results of the analysis are discussed in order to enable development of original robust and fast analog networks. In the analysis, the special attention is turned to the examination of the influence of real circuit elements and of the statistical parameters of processed signals to the parameters of the network.
Analogy Mapping Development for Learning Programming

Science.gov (United States)

Sukamto, R. A.; Prabawa, H. W.; Kurniawati, S.

2017-02-01

Programming skill is an important skill for computer science students, whereas nowadays, there many computer science students are lack of skills and information technology knowledges in Indonesia. This is contrary with the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) since the end of 2015 which is the qualified worker needed. This study provided an effort for nailing programming skills by mapping program code to visual analogies as learning media. The developed media was based on state machine and compiler principle and was implemented in C programming language. The state of every basic condition in programming were successful determined as analogy visualization.

Analogical study of the servo-control of a reactivity modulator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Bot, Michel

1969-03-01

In the context of the study of the transfer functions related to the Cabri reactor, this paper presents: the objective of the servo-control (reactivity modulator, reasons for the analogical study), the principles of the servo-control (description of the servo-controlled system, elaboration of the error signal, principles of the phase meter, critical analysis of different types of phase meters), the analogical formulation (transfer diagram of the process, analogical simulation of the process, analogical realization of the phase meter, simulation of the Low Frequency generator), study of the controlled system and results (system responses to echelon and ramp signals, responses of the controlled system with the phase meter in feedback)
VME Switch for CERN's PS Analog Video System

CERN Document Server

Acebes, I; Heinze, W; Lewis, J; Serrano, J

2003-01-01

Analog video signal switching is used in CERN's Proton Synchrotron (PS) complex to route the video signals coming from Beam Diagnostics systems to the Meyrin Control Room (MCR). Traditionally, this has been done with custom electromechanical relay-based cards controlled serially via CAMAC crates. In order to improve the robustness and maintainability of the system, while keeping it analog to preserve the low latency, a VME card based on Analog Devices' AD8116 analog matrix chip has been developed. Video signals go into the front panel and exit the switch through the P2 connector of the VME backplane. The module is a 16 input, 32 output matrix. Larger matrices can be built using more modules and bussing their outputs together, thanks to the high impedance feature of the AD8116. Another VME module takes the selected signals from the P2 connector and performs automatic gain to send them at nominal output level through its front panel. This paper discusses both designs and presents experimental test results.
Analogical reasoning in a capuchin monkey (Cebus apella).

Science.gov (United States)

Kennedy, Erica Hoy; Fragaszy, Dorothy M

2008-05-01

Previous evidence has suggested that analogical reasoning (recognizing similarities among object relations when the objects themselves are dissimilar) is limited to humans and apes. This study investigated whether capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) can use analogical reasoning to solve a 3-dimensional search task. The task involved hiding a food item under 1 of 2 or 3 plastic cups of different sizes and then allowing subjects to search for food hidden under the cup of analogous size in their own set of cups. Four monkeys were exposed to a series of relational matching tasks. If subjects reached criterion on these tasks, they were exposed to relational transfer tasks involving novel stimuli. Three of the monkeys failed to reach criterion on the basic relational matching tasks and therefore were not tested further. One monkey, however, revealed above-chance performance on a series of transfer tasks with 3 novel stimuli. This evidence suggests that contrary to previous arguments, a member of a New World monkey species can solve an analogical problem. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
Community Decadal Panel for Terrestrial Analogs to Mars

Science.gov (United States)

Barlow, N. G.; Farr, T.; Baker, V. R.; Bridges, N.; Carsey, F.; Duxbury, N.; Gilmore, M. S.; Green, J. R.; Grin, E.; Hansen, V.; Keszthelyi, L.; Lanagan, P.; Lentz, R.; Marinangeli, L.; Morris, P. A.; Ori, G. G.; Paillou, P.; Robinson, C.; Thomson, B.

2001-11-01

It is well recognized that interpretations of Mars must begin with the Earth as a reference. The most successful comparisons have focused on understanding geologic processes on the Earth well enough to extrapolate to Mars' environment. Several facets of terrestrial analog studies have been pursued and are continuing. These studies include field workshops, characterization of terrestrial analog sites for Mars, instrument tests, laboratory measurements (including analysis of martian meteorites), and computer and laboratory modeling. The combination of all these activities allows scientists to constrain the processes operating in specific terrestrial environments and extrapolate how similar processes could affect Mars. The Terrestrial Analogs for Mars Community Panel is considering the following two key questions: (1) How do terrestrial analog studies tie in to the MEPAG science questions about life, past climate, and geologic evolution of Mars, and (2) How can future instrumentation be used to address these questions. The panel is considering the issues of data collection, value of field workshops, data archiving, laboratory measurements and modeling, human exploration issues, association with other areas of solar system exploration, and education and public outreach activities.
Antimicrobial and cell-penetrating properties of penetratin analogs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bahnsen, Jesper Søborg; Franzyk, Henrik; Sandberg-Schaal, Anne

2013-01-01

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show great potential as drug delivery vectors and new antibiotic drug entities, respectively. The current study deals with the properties of a variety of peptide analogs derived from the well-known CPP penetratin as well as octaar......Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show great potential as drug delivery vectors and new antibiotic drug entities, respectively. The current study deals with the properties of a variety of peptide analogs derived from the well-known CPP penetratin as well...... as octaarginine and different Tat sequences. The effects of peptide length, guanidinium content, and sequence of non-cationic residues were assessed in mammalian and bacterial cells. The arginine (Arg) content in the penetratin analogs was found to influence eukaryotic cell uptake efficiency, antimicrobial...... was similar, the eukaryotic cellular uptake of the shuffled analogs was noticeably lower than for native penetratin. Moreover, a point substitution of Met to Leu in native penetratin had no influence on eukaryotic cellular uptake and antimicrobial effect, and only a minor effect on cytotoxicity, in contrast...
Degradation by synergistic effect in synthetic insulators; Degradacion por efecto sinergico en aisladores sinteticos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garza M, Anibal; Montesinos S, Jose I. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1991-12-31

A study is presented of the main degradation phenomena experimented by synthetic insulators and the simultaneous participation of such phenomena to propitiate a synergistic effect. [Espanol] Se presenta un estudio de los principales fenomenos de degradacion que sufren los aisladores sinteticos y la participacion simultanea de dichos fenomenos para propiciar un efecto sinergico.
Degradation by synergistic effect in synthetic insulators; Degradacion por efecto sinergico en aisladores sinteticos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garza M, Anibal; Montesinos S, Jose I [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1992-12-31

A study is presented of the main degradation phenomena experimented by synthetic insulators and the simultaneous participation of such phenomena to propitiate a synergistic effect. [Espanol] Se presenta un estudio de los principales fenomenos de degradacion que sufren los aisladores sinteticos y la participacion simultanea de dichos fenomenos para propiciar un efecto sinergico.
Efecto de la cobertura de rastrojos en la germinación del arroz (Oryza sativa L. y principales malezas asociadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yemel M. Ortega

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Efecto de la cobertura de rastrojos en la germinacióndel arroz (Oryza sativaL. y principales malezas asociadas. Para determinar el grado de interferencia causado por distintas cantidades de rastrojos de arroz (Oryza sativaL. sobrela emergencia de arroz y malezas asociadas al cultivo, en el2003 se realizaron tres experimentos simultáneos en la hacienda el Pelón de la Bajura, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se aplicaron nueve tratamientos (0 a 9 t/ha de coberturas con rastrojosde la variedad de arroz CR 1113 para medir los efectos en laemergencia del arroz y malezas. Las malezas asociadas incluyen las más frecuentes en agroecosistemas arroceros inundados: Oryza sativa, Echinochloa colona, Cyperusspp., Fim-bristylisspp., Ludwigiaspp. y Heteranthera limosa. En losprimeros dos experimentos se determinaron relaciones inversas entre el grado de cobertura y la densidad de plántulas demalezas emergidas (R2>0,89, y entre el grado de cobertura yel porcentaje de germinación del arroz (R2=0,86, respectivamente. Usando coberturas con rastrojos de frijol (Phaseolusvulgaris en el tercer experimento, no se observó efecto supresor en la germinación del arroz, probablemente debido a supronta descomposición. Aunque la germinación del arroz nose afectó aún a las intensidades más altas de rastrojos evaluadas, conviene realizar pruebas similares a largo plazo para determinar posibles efectos debidos a la descomposición de residuos, alelopatía y acarreo de herbicidas después de variosciclos consecutivos del cultivo de arroz.
Los efectos globo en los cultivos de coca en la Región Andina (1990-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Raffo López

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es poner a prueba estadísticamente la presencia de efectos globo en los cultivos de coca en el territorio geográfico correspondiente a los principales países productores en la región andina (Colombia, Perú y Bolivia durante el periodo 1990-2009. La metodología empírica se centra en la especificación y estimación de un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas utilizando el método SUR, el cual permite explicar el comportamiento de las hectáreas cultivadas con coca en función de un conjunto de determinantes. Se concluye que hay evidencia empírica a favor de la presencia de efectos globo en la región andina a lo largo del periodo estudiado.
The use of analogies in forecasting ecological and societal responses to global warming

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glantz, M.H. (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO (USA). Environmental Research and Societal Impacts Group)

1991-06-01

Due to the limitations of general circulation models, researchers use analogies to look at future climatic change and its effects. Analogies used include the greenhouse, the Altithermal period, regional climates and summertime. Analogical reasoning is a prominent part of general circulation modeling of the atmosphere. Analogies are useful for generating hypotheses and improving understanding, but not as forecasts. The use of an analogy to develop specific policies related to global warming is risky. Historical analogies can provide a first approach to ascertaining the level of societal preparedness for the impacts of a global warming. Each analogy provides additional information about the target problem. 63 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
The use of analogies in forecasting ecological and societal responses to global warming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glantz, M.H.

1991-01-01

Due to the limitations of general circulation models, researchers use analogies to look at future climatic change and its effects. Analogies used include the greenhouse, the Altithermal period, regional climates and summertime. Analogical reasoning is a prominent part of general circulation modeling of the atmosphere. Analogies are useful for generating hypotheses and improving understanding, but not as forecasts. The use of an analogy to develop specific policies related to global warming is risky. Historical analogies can provide a first approach to ascertaining the level of societal preparedness for the impacts of a global warming. Each analogy provides additional information about the target problem. 63 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab
Electrostatic analogy for symmetron gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Ogden, Lillie; Brown, Katherine; Mathur, Harsh; Rovelli, Kevin

2017-12-01

The symmetron model is a scalar-tensor theory of gravity with a screening mechanism that suppresses the effect of the symmetron field at high densities characteristic of the Solar System and laboratory scales but allows it to act with gravitational strength at low density on the cosmological scale. We elucidate the screening mechanism by showing that in the quasistatic Newtonian limit there are precise analogies between symmetron gravity and electrostatics for both strong and weak screening. For strong screening we find that large dense bodies behave in a manner analogous to perfect conductors in electrostatics. Based on this analogy we find that the symmetron field exhibits a lightning rod effect wherein the field gradients are enhanced near the ends of pointed or elongated objects. An ellipsoid placed in a uniform symmetron gradient is shown to experience a torque. By symmetry there is no gravitational torque in this case. Hence this effect unmasks the symmetron and might serve as the basis for future laboratory experiments. The symmetron force between a point mass and a large dense body includes a component corresponding to the interaction of the point mass with its image in the larger body. None of these effects have counterparts in the Newtonian limit of Einstein gravity. We discuss the similarities between symmetron gravity and the chameleon model as well as the differences between the two.
Introduction to engineering a starter's guide with hands-on analog multimedia explorations

CERN Document Server

Karam, Lina

2008-01-01

This lecture provides a hands-on glimpse of the field of electrical engineering. The introduced applications utilize the NI ELVIS hardware and software platform to explore concepts such as circuits, power, analog sensing, and introductory analog signal processing such as signal generation, analog filtering, and audio and music processing. These principals and technologies are introduced in a very practical way and are fundamental to many of the electronic devices we use today. Some examples include photodetection, analog signal (audio, light, temperature) level meter, and analog music equalize
The Description of Problems Relating to Analogies Used in Science and Technology Textbooks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rahmi YAĞBASAN

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the problems concerning the use of analogies ingeneral and analogies used in primary school science and technology lessons inparticular. In this study, descriptive method was used. 4th, 5th, and 8th classes Scienceand Technology course books; 7 th, 8 th classes Science Books were used as a source.Analogies in the course books were classified according to the literature and theproblems found related to the analogies are pointed out in the study. In this study itwas seen that eighty-nine analogies were used in Science and Technology and inScience course books. These analogies were used in descending order as 8, 4, 6, 7, 5class groups. Also it was seen that these analogies were generally at simple andpictorial analogies.
Associative memory in an analog iterated-map neural network

Science.gov (United States)

Marcus, C. M.; Waugh, F. R.; Westervelt, R. M.

1990-03-01

The behavior of an analog neural network with parallel dynamics is studied analytically and numerically for two associative-memory learning algorithms, the Hebb rule and the pseudoinverse rule. Phase diagrams in the parameter space of analog gain β and storage ratio α are presented. For both learning rules, the networks have large ``recall'' phases in which retrieval states exist and convergence to a fixed point is guaranteed by a global stability criterion. We also demonstrate numerically that using a reduced analog gain increases the probability of recall starting from a random initial state. This phenomenon is comparable to thermal annealing used to escape local minima but has the advantage of being deterministic, and therefore easily implemented in electronic hardware. Similarities and differences between analog neural networks and networks with two-state neurons at finite temperature are also discussed.
Advances in analog and RF IC design for wireless communication systems

CERN Document Server

Manganaro, Gabriele

2013-01-01

Advances in Analog and RF IC Design for Wireless Communication Systems gives technical introductions to the latest and most significant topics in the area of circuit design of analog/RF ICs for wireless communication systems, emphasizing wireless infrastructure rather than handsets. The book ranges from very high performance circuits for complex wireless infrastructure systems to selected highly integrated systems for handsets and mobile devices. Coverage includes power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, modulators, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters
Some aspects of analogical reasoning in mathematical creativity

OpenAIRE

Pease, Alison; Guhe, Markus; Smaill, Alan

2010-01-01

Analogical reasoning can shed light on both of the two key processes of creativity– generation and evaluation. Hence, it is a powerful tool for creativity. We illustrate this with three historical case studies of creative mathematical conjectures which were either found or evaluated via analogies. We conclude by describing our ongoing efforts to build computational realisations of these ideas.
Analogies as Creative Inspiration Sources in the Design Studio : The Teamwork

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Casakin, H.; Van Timmeren, A.

2014-01-01

Analogical reasoning can be seen as an important aid in problem solving, and architectural design problem solving in particular. Analogical reasoning was found to be an important aid supporting architectural education. In this paper we explored the use of visual and verbal analogies in the early
C–H-Functionalization logic guides the synthesis of a carbacyclopamine analog

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sebastian Rabe

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The chemical synthesis of carbacyclopamine analog 2, a cyclopamine analog with an all-carbon E-ring, is reported. The use of C–H-functionalization logic and further metal-catalyzed transformations allows for a concise entry to this new class of acid-stable cyclopamine analogs.
Efectos de la suplementación con ß-alanina en tests de Wingate en jugadoras universitarias de fútbol femenino

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Rodríguez, Fernando; Delgado Ormeño, Alex; Rivera Lobos, Patricio; Tapia Aranda, Víctor; Cristi-Montero, Carlos

2015-01-01

Introducción: El fútbol es un deporte intermitente que desarrolla acciones de alta intensidad usando la vía anaeróbica, por tal razón, la fatiga muscular se produciría principalmente por el aumento de la acidosis. La carnosina, la cual se forma a partir de L-histidina y ß-alanina, ha demostrado producir un efecto "Tampón" sobre la acidosis muscular. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la suplementación con ß-alanina, en tres pruebas de Wingate sucesivas, y comparar la potencia media, máxima y e...

Efecto de los metales Cd, Cr, Pb y sus mezclas en la almeja Catarina Argopecten ventricosus (Sowerby, 1842), (Bivalvia, Pectinidae).

OpenAIRE

Sobrino Figueroa, Alma Socorro

2001-01-01

En este trabajo se realizo una evaluación del efecto de los metales Cd, Cr, Pb y sus mezclas sobre larvas, juveniles y adultos de argopecten ventricosus debido a que no existen estudios de tipo eco toxicológicos con esta especie. Se realizaron bioensayos con recambios de agua con duración máxima de 30 días. Se determino la concentración letal 50 (CL 50), las unidades toxicas, el tipo de interacción de las mezclas y su grado de magnificación. Asimismo se evaluó el efecto de estos metales s...
Analogy as a strategy for supporting complex problem solving under uncertainty.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Joel; Paletz, Susannah B F; Schunn, Christian D

2012-11-01

Complex problem solving in naturalistic environments is fraught with uncertainty, which has significant impacts on problem-solving behavior. Thus, theories of human problem solving should include accounts of the cognitive strategies people bring to bear to deal with uncertainty during problem solving. In this article, we present evidence that analogy is one such strategy. Using statistical analyses of the temporal dynamics between analogy and expressed uncertainty in the naturalistic problem-solving conversations among scientists on the Mars Rover Mission, we show that spikes in expressed uncertainty reliably predict analogy use (Study 1) and that expressed uncertainty reduces to baseline levels following analogy use (Study 2). In addition, in Study 3, we show with qualitative analyses that this relationship between uncertainty and analogy is not due to miscommunication-related uncertainty but, rather, is primarily concentrated on substantive problem-solving issues. Finally, we discuss a hypothesis about how analogy might serve as an uncertainty reduction strategy in naturalistic complex problem solving.
ESTUDIO DEL EFECTO COMPARATIVO SOBRE EL DOLOR Y LAS PARESTESIAS EN LA NEUROPATIA DIABETICA TRATADA CON ACUPUNTURA CON DOS FORMULAS DE PUNTOS

OpenAIRE

MUNOZ SAMAYOA, ENRIQUE

2010-01-01

LA NEUROPATIA DIABETICA ES UN DESORDEN CIRCULATORIO RELACIONADO CON LAS ALTERACIONES EN LA PERCEPCION SOMATOSENSITIVA, ES LA CAUSA DE DOLOR Y SENSACIONES PARESTESICAS. EL OBJETIVO DE ESTE TRABAJO ES DEMOSTRAR EL EFECTO ANALGESICO DE LA ACUPUNTURA EN EL MANEJO DE LA NEUROPATIA DIABETICA Y COMPARAR EL EFECTO EN LA REDUCCION DEL DOLOR Y DE LAS PARESTESIAS USANDO ZUSANLI E36, SANYINJIAO B6, XUEHAI B10, TAICHONG H3 COMO SELECCION ESTANDAR DE LOS ACUPUNTOS CONTRA LOS MISMOS PUNTOS MAS YUANYUE ...
Efecto del alimento vivo enriquecido en el desarrollo larvarío de huayaipe ( seriola mazatlana )

OpenAIRE

Darquea, Jodie; Blacio, Enrique; Townsend, Soraya

2002-01-01

Efecto del alimento vivo enriquecido en el desarrollo larvario de Huayaipe ( Seriola mazatlana ) Con una infraestructura ya existente,podemos reconocer ampliamente que tanto la camaronicultura como la industria pesquera debe buscar nuevas alternativas de diversificación, para la utilizacion de los recursos al máximo.
La modulación de los efectos en el tiempo de las sentencias de nulidad de los actos administrativos en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Castro Mora, Sonia Marina

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo realiza un análisis sobre los diferentes fundamentos que ante la falta de regulación legal, nuestra jurisprudencia ha invocado para atribuirle efectos retroactivos –ex tunc- o efectos a futuro –ex nunc- a las sentencias de nulidad de los actos administrativos, los cuales van desde la asimilación de éste con el acto jurídico civil, hasta la pretendida identidad del acto administrativo general con la ley, todo enmarcado dentro de lo que se ha entendido por situaciones jurídi...
Procesos de certificación de proyectos de captura de gases de efecto invernadero (gei) en los mercados internacionales de carbono

OpenAIRE

Sabogal Aguilar, Javier; Moreno Castillo, Edgar; Ortega Guerrero, Gustavo Adolfo

2011-01-01

En el marco de la mitigación al cambio climático, subyacen dos tipos de mecanismos destinados a disminuir las concentraciones de gases efecto invernadero: en primer lugar, la reducción de emisiones por las fuentes contaminantes; y en segundo lugar, el secuestro o captura de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) cuantificados en CO2 equivalente en proyectos forestales (conocidos como LULUCF).Los proyectos de mitigación se abordan en el presente artículo por la comparación de los procesos de ce...
Efectos de un programa de inteligencia emocional en la ansiedad y el autoconcepto en mujeres con cáncer de mama

OpenAIRE

Cejudo, Javier; García-Maroto, Sagrario; López-Delgado, Mari Luz

2017-01-01

Resumen El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos de un programa de inteligencia emocional en la ansiedad y el autoconcepto en mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a cirugía. Se utilizó una muestra de 81 mujeres, 39 pertenecientes al grupo de intervención y 42 al grupo control. El estudio utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental de medidas repetidas pretest-postest con grupo de control. Para evaluar el efecto del programa se administraron tres instrumentos de evaluación, el TMMS-24, Ferná...
Efecto de una consulta nutricional protocolizada sobre el estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad

OpenAIRE

Petermann Rocha, Fanny; Durán Fernández, Eliana; Labraña Torres, Ana María; Celis-Morales, Carlos

2017-01-01

RESUMEN El sobrepeso y la obesidad afectan a un 67% de la población chilena. Se han realizado diferentes estrategias para revertir esta situación, siendo una de ellas es la realización de la consulta nutricional. No obstante, hasta la fecha ésta no se ha protocolizado y se desconoce si esto podría generar un efecto positivo en la reducción del exceso de peso corporal. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una consulta nutricional protocolizada (CNP) sobre el estado nutricional ...
Efecto tóxico y ecotoxicológico de arenas negras de la minería artesanal en Madre de Dios

OpenAIRE

Huamán Paredes, Elsa; Vicuña Puente, Denis; Visitación Figueroa, Lizardo; Flores del Pino, Lisveth

2017-01-01

En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto tóxico y ecotoxicológico de arenas negras (ANM) provenientes de la extracción artesanal de oro, en el departamento de Madre de Dios. Para evaluar el efecto tóxico se usó el test "Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure" (TCLP) y con los lixiviados se hicieron pruebas de ecotoxicidad agudas según el protocolo de la EPA 600/3-88/029 usando microorganismos de prueba, neonatos de Daphnia Magna, con 24 horas de nacidos y en semillas de Lactuca sativa....
La educación de los hijos de inmigrantes: efectos contextuales sobre los logros educativos de la segunda generación

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Portes; Lingxin Hao

2014-01-01

Completamos hallazgos publicados anteriormente sobre los logros académicos de la segunda generación de inmigrantes con un análisis de los efectos contextuales de los colegios basado en el amplio conjunto de datos usado por el análisis previo más conocido, el Estudio Longitudinal de Hijos de Inmigrantes, en inglés CILS. Un modelo jerárquico de los efectos contextuales y a nivel individual sobre los logros académicos y el desempeño escolar revela patrones que reproducen los ya encontrados en so...
Efecto de la adición de vitaminas B en la digestibilidad In Vitro de dietas con diferente fuente de carbohidratos

OpenAIRE

Oziel Dante Montañez Valdez

2006-01-01

Se realizó un estudio con el fin de observar el efecto de la adición de vitaminas hidrosolubles en la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) y materia orgánica (DIVMO) en dietas con distinta fuente de carbohidratos (sorgo y cebada en grano), adicionadas con cinco dosis de vitaminas B (VB; 0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 g kgMS). Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0,01), tanto para los efectos principales (fuente de carbohidratos y cantidad de VB), como para la interacción de éstos, en ...
Efectos de las políticas sanitarias sobre la contención del gasto sanitario en Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Planck Barahona-Urbina

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La literatura económica propone diversos mecanismos de pago a proveedores, con el objetivo de conseguir incentivos en la contención del gasto sanitario. Objetivos: Analizar los fundamentos teóricos y efectividad de los instrumentos de pago, pago asociado a diagnóstico (PAD y pago por prestaciones valoras (PPV, en la contención de costos implementados en Chile a lo largo de los últimas dos décadas, y evaluar cuantitativamente los efectos que han tenido dichos mecanismos de pago prospectivos recientemente creados sobre la utilización de los servicios hospitalarios de la Región Metropolitana (RM y demás regiones del país. Diseño: Análisis econométrico y no paramétrico. Lugar: Chile. Materiales: Se utilizó datos del Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL y del Fondo Nacional de salud (FONASA. Intervenciones: Aplicación de la metodología de series temporales, análisis envolvente de datos y modelo lógit multinomial para detectar si los mecanismos de pago han tenido el efecto deseado en la contención de costos. Principales medidas de resultados: Efectos de los mecanismos de pago a hospitales. Resultados: Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que el segundo mecanismo de pago introducido, además de no generar incentivos en la reducción de las estancias promedio a nivel nacional tampoco ha generado niveles de eficiencia mas altos. Conclusiones: El primer mecanismo de pago PAD tiene un efecto positivo en la contención del uso de recurso. Por otro parte, en el segundo mecanismo de pago PPV no solo se utiliza más recursos, sino que además es posible que el sistema esté actuando de forma perversa dificultando la adopción de medidas que favorezcan la eficiencia.
Analogical processes in children's understanding of spatial representations.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Lei; Uttal, David; Gentner, Dedre

2017-06-01

We propose that map reading can be construed as a form of analogical mapping. We tested 2 predictions that follow from this claim: First, young children's patterns of performance in map reading tasks should parallel those found in analogical mapping tasks; and, second, children will benefit from guided alignment instructions that help them see the relational correspondences between the map and the space. In 4 experiments, 3-year-olds completed a map reading task in which they were asked to find hidden objects in a miniature room, using a corresponding map. We manipulated the availability of guided alignment (showing children the analogical mapping between maps and spaces; Experiments 1, 2, and 3a), the format of guided alignment (gesture or relational language; Experiment 2), and the iconicity of maps (Experiments 3a and 3b). We found that (a) young children's difficulties in map reading follow from known patterns of analogical development-for example, focusing on object similarity over relational similarity; and (b) guided alignment based on analogical reasoning led to substantially better performance. Results also indicated that children's map reading performance was affected by the format of guided alignment, the iconicity of the maps, and the order of tasks. The results bear on the developmental mechanisms underlying young children's learning of spatial representations and also suggest ways to support this learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).
Los factores tamaño, book-to-market y momentum en el mercado de capitales español: explicaciones racionales y efecto en la formación del precio

OpenAIRE

Font-Belaire, Begoña; Grau Grau, Alfredo Juan

2007-01-01

¿Pueden el efecto tamaño, book-to-market y momentum explicar el riesgo de los activos en el Mercado de Capitales Español? Este artículo intenta analizar la validez de las dos hipótesis racionales estudiadas por la literatura y el impacto de estos efectos sobre los riesgos y primas al riesgo de mercado. Nuestros resultados destacan la importancia del análisis condicional de los riesgos y primas de mercado para capturar la naturaleza de estos efectos, y dan soporte a las explicaciones racionale...
Mentiras en el Entorno Laboral: Efectos sobre la Confianza y el Clima Relacional y Afectivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flor Sánchez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se analizan los efectos de las mentiras en el entorno laboral. Los resultados muestran que cuando los trabajadores valoran las consecuencias de las mentiras que pueden decirse en el contexto de trabajo, sus juicios afectan negativamente la disposición a confiar en los compañeros de trabajo que mienten, perjudican las relaciones personales y provocan respuestas emocionales negativas. La intensidad de los efectos negativos está determinada fundamentalmente por el objetivo que persigue la mentira y en menor medida por su tipicidad. Cuando la mentira busca el beneficio propio haciendo daño a otras personas se acentúan la pérdida de la confianza en el compañero que miente y el deterioro de las relaciones interpersonales a la vez que se expresan reacciones más intensas de rabia. Estas reacciones emocionales contribuyen significativamente a explicar la pérdida de confianza que provoca la mentira en el ámbito laboral.
IADE: a system for intelligent automatic design of bioisosteric analogs

Science.gov (United States)

Ertl, Peter; Lewis, Richard

2012-11-01

IADE, a software system supporting molecular modellers through the automatic design of non-classical bioisosteric analogs, scaffold hopping and fragment growing, is presented. The program combines sophisticated cheminformatics functionalities for constructing novel analogs and filtering them based on their drug-likeness and synthetic accessibility using automatic structure-based design capabilities: the best candidates are selected according to their similarity to the template ligand and to their interactions with the protein binding site. IADE works in an iterative manner, improving the fitness of designed molecules in every generation until structures with optimal properties are identified. The program frees molecular modellers from routine, repetitive tasks, allowing them to focus on analysis and evaluation of the automatically designed analogs, considerably enhancing their work efficiency as well as the area of chemical space that can be covered. The performance of IADE is illustrated through a case study of the design of a nonclassical bioisosteric analog of a farnesyltransferase inhibitor—an analog that has won a recent "Design a Molecule" competition.
Efecto antifúngico de hidrodestilados de Zingiber officinale Roscoe sobre Moniliophthora roreri (Cif&Par

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José Gregorio Joya-Dávila

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La moniliasis, ocasionada por el hongo Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. & Par, es la principal enfermedad del cacao en Latinoamérica, y las medidas para su manejo sostenible son aún escasas. Con base en reportes previos, el objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar el proceso de extracción por destilación de Zingiber officinale, evaluando in vitro su efecto antifúngico sobre conidias de M. roreri. Se elaboraron ocho hidrodestilados con material fresco (300 y 600 g/L y seco al sol (45 y 90 g/L, con dos solventes (agua-alcohol, relación 10:1 y 10:0, y en tubos de ensayo con conidias del hongo, mediante la técnica de cultivo en medio líquido (agua-extracto de cacao, se adicionó cada hidrodestilado de Z. officinale en relación 1:1 v/v, determinando su efecto sobre la formación y germinación de conidias del hongo en cinco momentos de observación (0, 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas. Los resultados muestran que todos los hidrodestilados de Z. officinale presentan metabolitos con efectos de inhibición sobre las variables evaluadas, siendo el tratamiento J5 (Z. officinale seco, 45 g/L, relación 10:1 agua: alcohol el mejor, pues alcanza el 88% y el 100% de control sobre la formación y germinación de conidias, respectivamente, con respecto al testigo absoluto a las 72 horas, siendo posible optimizar la extracción mediante destilación utilizando 45 g/L de material seco y el uso de solvente agua-alcohol en una relación 10:1.
Componential Analysis of Analogical-Reasoning Performance of High and Low Achievers.

Science.gov (United States)

Armour-Thomas, Eleanor; Allen, Brenda A.

1990-01-01

Assessed analogical reasoning in high- and low-achieving students at the high school level and determined whether analogical reasoning was related to academic achievement in ninth grade students (N=54). Results indicated that high achievers performed better than low achievers on all types of analogical-reasoning processes. (Author/ABL)
An fMRI investigation of cognitive stages in reasoning by analogy.

Science.gov (United States)

Krawczyk, Daniel C; McClelland, M Michelle; Donovan, Colin M; Tillman, Gail D; Maguire, Mandy J

2010-06-25

We compared reasoning about four-term analogy problems in the format (A:B::C: D) to semantic and perceptual control conditions that required matching without analogical mapping. We investigated distinct phases of the problem solving process divided into encoding, mapping/inference, and response. Using fMRI, we assessed the brain activation relevant to each of these phases with an emphasis on achieving a better understanding of analogical reasoning relative to these other matching conditions. We predicted that the analogical condition would involve the most cognitive effort in the encoding and mapping/inference phases, while the control conditions were expected to engage greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation at the response period. Results showed greater activation for the analogical condition relative to the control conditions at the encoding phase in several predominantly left lateralized and medial areas of the PFC. Similar results were observed for the mapping/inference phase, though this difference was limited to the left PFC and rostral PFC. The response phase resulted in the fastest and most accurate responses in the analogy condition relative to the control conditions. This was accompanied by greater processing within the left lateral and the medial PFC for the control conditions relative to the analogy condition, consistent with most of the cognitive processing of the analogy condition having occurred in the prior task phases. Overall we demonstrate that the left ventral and dorsal lateral, medial, and rostral PFC are important in both the encoding of relational information, mapping and inference processes, and verification of semantic and perceptual responses in four term analogical reasoning. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Analog and digital dividers for mass spectrometers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osipov, A.K.

1980-01-01

Errors of four different types of stress dividers used in statical mass-spectrometers for determination of mass number by accelerating stress are analyzed. The simplest flowsheet of the analog divider comprises operation amplifier, in the chain of the negative feedback of which a multiplication device on differential cascade is switched- in. This analog divider has high sensitivity to temperature and high error approximately 5%. Application of the multiplier on differential cascade with normalization permits to increase temperature stability and decrease the error up to 1%. Another type of the analog divider is a logarithmic divider the error of which is constant within the whole operation range and it constitutes 1-5%. The digital divider with a digital-analog transformer (DAT) has the error of +-0.015% which is determined by the error of detectors and resistance of keys in the locked state. Considered is the design of a divider based on transformation of the inlet stress into the time period. The error of the divider is determined in this case mainly by stress of the zero shift of the operation amplifier (it should be compensated) and relative threshold stability of the comparator triggering which equals (2-3)x10 -4 . It is noted that the divider with DAT application and the divider with the use of stress transformation within the time period are most perspective ones for statical mass-spectrometers [ru

Efectos de la crisis financiera internacional sobre la postura fiscal del gobierno colombiano

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Ignacio Lozano

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La quiebra de Lehman Brothers en septiembre de 2008 marcó el comienzode uno de los peores años en la historia de los mercados financierosinternacionales. Este evento también determinó el inicio de la recesión económica mundial que se extenderá por lo menos tres años. Las cifras han confirmado que prácticamente todos los países industrializados, y la mayor parte de los emergentes, entraron en recesión, con graves efectos sobre el empleo y la pobreza, de manera que el colapso que hoy soporta la población mundial se asemeja a la crisis de los años treinta. Este artículo describe la forma como se gestó la crisis en el sistema financiero de los Estados Unidos y se propagó en el resto de las economías industrializadas. En esta entrega también se describen los canales de transmisión de la crisis hacia los mercados emergentes y, en particular, se muestran los primeros efectos sobre las principales economías de América Latina.
EFECTO DE ALCOHOLES Y POLIOLES SOBRE LA ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DE LA beta-LACTOGLOBULINA EN SOLUCIÓN ACUOSA

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Giraldo Gloria I.

2010-09-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sistemático sobre el efecto del incremento en el número de grupos OH de alcoholes y polioles de cuatro carbonos sobre las propiedades conformacionales de la beta-lactoglobulina. Los cambios en el comportamiento de las soluciones acuosas de la proteína por la adición de 1-butanol, 1,2 butanodiol, 1,2,4-butanotriol y 1,2,3,4-butanotetrol fueron determinados por espectroscopia UV, de fluorescencia y DC en el UV lejano, y en el UV cercano a 298,15 K. Los resultados muestran que el butanol ejerce una mayor modificación en la estructura de la proteína y el efecto va disminuyendo a medida que se incrementa el número de grupos OH.
Efectos económicos y ambientales del impuesto especial sobre determinados medios de transporte

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Jaume Freire González

2014-02-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo de la reforma del Impuesto Especial sobre Determinados Medios de Transporte (IEDMT, que entró en vigor en enero de 2008, fue incentivar un progresivo cambio en el parque automovilístico español hacia vehículos menos contaminantes. La presente investigación realiza una estimación, a partir de técnicas econométricas, de los efectos económicos y ambientales de la nueva configuración del IEDMT. La reforma del impuesto ha tenido un efecto positivo y significativo sobre la reducción de las emisiones de CO2 de los nuevos vehículos matriculados. The main objective of the reform of the Vehicle Registration Tax (IEDMT in Spain, which came into force in January 2008, was to encourage a gradual change in the Spanish fleet towards less polluting vehicles. This research estimates the economic and environmental effects of the new configuration of IEDMT using econometric techniques. The tax reform had a positive and significant effect on the reduction of CO2 emissions of new registered vehicles.
Efecto antitumoral del extracto acuoso de Bomarea cornigera (Alstroemeriaceae en sarcomas inducidos en ratones

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Christian Villanueva

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Se investigó el efecto antitumoral del extracto acuoso del bejuco Bomarea cornigera. Ratones de la cepa Swiss albina fueron inoculados con la línea tumoral TG-180 por 15 días; luego del cual se separaron en 5 grupos (n=5 por grupo. Se administro intraperitonealmente ciclofosfamida (control positivo, agua destilada (control negativo y el extracto en concentraciones de 1X, 2X y 4X; se evaluó la morbilidad, mortalidad, el peso y la longitud del sarcoma. Se encontró un efecto inhibidor del extracto de B. cornigera en el desarrollo del tumor sólido en ratones en los cuales se les transplanto el sarcoma TG-180. Las tasas de inhibición fueron 87,44 y 8,52% después de 17 días de tratamiento considerando la dosis 1X (más baja y 2X (intermedia, respectiva- mente. Estos resultados sugieren que la administración de extracto acuoso de B. cornigera vía intraperitoneal puede ser útil como inhibidor del cáncer.
EFECTOS DE SENTIDO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS: UN GESTO DE LECTURA

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Gladys Beatriz Morales

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene por objetivo trazar un relato de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras (ELE en Argentina, comprendiendo el período entre 1950 y la actualidad. Para esto, se buscó poner en evidencia la creciente complejidad que impregna a esta enseñanza con el avance de nuevas teorías. A partir de una triangulación teórica entre programas de investigación de la enseñanza, tendencias teóricas de formación docente inicial y abordajes metodológicos para la ELE, se constatan tres efectos de sentido: el efecto tecnocrático, el de especificidad y el de complejidad. Se considera que la perspectiva que consiste en reducir la complejidad a un conjunto de aspectos aislados se abandona paulatina, llegando al enfoque pedagógico predominante en la actualidad que ilustra las interacciones entre la cultura en la cual se inserta la ELE y las condiciones de superación del marco estrecho de esta cultura para aprender con la alteridad.
Características y efectos de los métodos resistidos en el sprint

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Pedro E. Alcaraz

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Para la mejora del rendimiento en el sprint se utilizan distintos métodos de entrenamiento, entre los más populares se encuentran los métodos resistidos. Un método resistido para el sprint se caracteriza por utilizar sprints con una sobrecarga o resistencia añadida. Dependiendo de las características del dispositivo, tanto la magnitud como la dirección de la resistencia va a ser diferente. Así, existen distintos tipos de métodos resistidos, estos son: arrastres de trineos o ruedas, lastres de chalecos o cinturones, arrastres de paracaídas, carreras cuesta arriba, e incluso carreras sobre la arena de la playa. El principal objetivo al usar métodos resistidos es mejorar la fuerza específica de los deportistas sin producir una modificación significativa de la técnica del deportista. En el presente trabajo se revisan las características y efectos de los métodos resistidos tanto de forma aguda, como sus efectos a corto, medio y largo plazo.
The neural substrate of analogical reasoning: an fMRI study.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Qian; Perry, Conrad; Peng, Danling; Jin, Zhen; Xu, Duo; Ding, Guosheng; Xu, Shiyong

2003-10-01

This study investigated the anatomical substrate of analogical reasoning using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the study, subjects performed a verbal analogy task (e.g., soldier is to army as drummer is to band) and, to control for activation caused by purely semantic access, a semantic judgment task. Significant activation differences between the verbal analogy and the semantic judgment task were found bilaterally in the prefrontal cortex (right BA 11/BA 47 and left BA45), the fusiform gyrus, and the basal ganglia; left lateralized in the postero-superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) and the (para) hippocampal region; and right lateralized in the anterior cingulate. The role of these areas in analogical reasoning is discussed.
SEAS: A simulated evolution approach for analog circuit synthesis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ning, Zhen-Qiu; Ning, Zhen-Qiu; Mouthaan, A.J.; Wallinga, Hans

1991-01-01

The authors present a simulated evolution approach for analog circuit synthesis based on an analogy with the natural selection process in biological environments and on the iterative improvements in solving engineering problems. A prototype framework based on this idea, called SEAS, has been
21 CFR 582.5477 - Methionine hydroxy analog and its calcium salts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Methionine hydroxy analog and its calcium salts... Nutrients and/or Dietary Supplements 1 § 582.5477 Methionine hydroxy analog and its calcium salts. (a) Product. Methionine hydroxy analog and its calcium salts. (b) [Reserved] (c) Limitations, restrictions, or...
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) relational matching: playing by their own (analogical) rules.

Science.gov (United States)

Flemming, Timothy M; Kennedy, Erica Hoy

2011-05-01

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have been known to exhibit rudimentary abilities in analogical reasoning (Flemming, Beran, Thompson, Kleider, & Washburn, 2008; Gillian, Premack, & Woodruff, 1981; Haun & Call, 2009; Thompson & Oden, 2000; Thompson, Oden, & Boysen, 1997). With a wide array of individual differences, little can be concluded about the species' capacity for analogies, much less their strategies employed for solving such problems. In this study, we examined analogical strategies in 3 chimpanzees using a 3-dimensional search task (e.g., Kennedy & Fragaszy, 2008). Food items were hidden under 1 of 2 or 3 plastic cups of varying sizes. Subsequently, chimpanzees searched for food under the cup of the same relative size in their own set of cups--reasoning by analogy. Two chimpanzees initially appeared to fail the first relational phase of the task. Meta-analyses revealed, however, that they were instead using a secondary strategy not rewarded by the contingencies of the task--choosing on the basis of the same relative position in the sample. Although this was not the intended strategy of the task, it was nonetheless analogical. In subsequent phases of the task, chimpanzees eventually learned to shift their analogical reasoning strategy to match the reward contingencies of the task and successfully choose on the basis of relative size. This evidence not only provides support for the analogical ape hypothesis (Thompson & Oden, 2000), but also exemplifies how foundational conceptually mediated analogical behavior may be for the chimpanzee. 2011 APA, all rights reserved
Analog and digital signal analysis from basics to applications

CERN Document Server

Cohen Tenoudji, Frédéric

2016-01-01

This book provides comprehensive, graduate-level treatment of analog and digital signal analysis suitable for course use and self-guided learning. This expert text guides the reader from the basics of signal theory through a range of application tools for use in acoustic analysis, geophysics, and data compression. Each concept is introduced and explained step by step, and the necessary mathematical formulae are integrated in an accessible and intuitive way. The first part of the book explores how analog systems and signals form the basics of signal analysis. This section covers Fourier series and integral transforms of analog signals, Laplace and Hilbert transforms, the main analog filter classes, and signal modulations. Part II covers digital signals, demonstrating their key advantages. It presents z and Fourier transforms, digital filtering, inverse filters, deconvolution, and parametric modeling for deterministic signals. Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of non-stationary signals are also discussed...
22nd Workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design

CERN Document Server

Makinwa, Kofi; Harpe, Pieter

2014-01-01

This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 22nd workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, including frequency reference, power management for systems-on-chip, and smart wireless interfaces. This book serves as a valuable reference to the state-of-the-art, for anyone involved in analog circuit research and development. · Provides a state-of-the-art reference in analog circuit design, written by experts from industry and academia; · Presents material in a tutorial-based format; · Includes coverage of frequency reference, power management for systems-on-chip, and smart wireless interfaces.
Posibles efectos en la salud asociados con la metalurgia precolombina.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvaro Javier Idrovo

2005-09-01

Full Text Available En el Viejo Mundo algunos investigadores piensan que los efectos adversos en la salud relacionados con la exposición a arsénico influyeron para que se cambiara de usar aleaciones de cobre con arsénico a otras menos tóxicas. En este artículo se evalúa esta hipótesis para las tres grandes tradiciones metalúrgicas precolombinas: Andes centrales, área intermedia y occidente mexicano. Los artefactos metálicos revelan que las concentraciones de arsénico en los Andes centrales fueron similares a las del Viejo Mundo (0,5% a 1%, en el área intermedia los valores eran muy inferiores, mientras en el occidente mexicano fueron muy superiores (7% a 25%. En los Andes centrales se observó inicialmente el uso de bronce arsenical, pero rápidamente se conocieron las aleaciones de cobre-estaño; estas últimas fueron cada vez más preferidas y difundidas por todo el imperio inca. Las evidencias, osteológicas y en objetos artísticos, de amputaciones de los pies entre individuos moches de los Andes centrales apoyan la idea de la presencia de la ?enfermedad del pie negro? entre las poblaciones precolombinas. En conclusión, es posible que los efectos nocivos del arsénico se hayan observado en el Nuevo Mundo, y favorecido el cambio hacia aleaciones menos tóxicas. Se requieren nuevos estudios específicos para verificar esta hipótesis.
Analogy in systems management: a theoretical inquiry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silverman, B.G.

1983-11-01

This theoretical analysis of the intuitive and diffuse characteristics of analogical reasoning processes is the first step in a research effort intended to lead to: understanding of common (and possibly costly) errors, pitfalls, travails, and problem-solving impediments; possible recommendations for improvements to organizational structures, control and coordination processes, and management information flows, and guidelines for a generalized analogical reasoning support framework (e.g., a handbook, a knowledge bank design, and/or even a software package/artificial intelligence program). 233 references.
Design of analog integrated circuits and systems

CERN Document Server

Laker, Kenneth R

1994-01-01

This text is designed for senior or graduate level courses in analog integrated circuits or design of analog integrated circuits. This book combines consideration of CMOS and bipolar circuits into a unified treatment. Also included are CMOS-bipolar circuits made possible by BiCMOS technology. The text progresses from MOS and bipolar device modelling to simple one and two transistor building block circuits. The final two chapters present a unified coverage of sample-data and continuous-time signal processing systems.
Analogical reasoning abilities of recovering alcoholics.

Science.gov (United States)

Gardner, M K; Clark, E; Bowman, M A; Miller, P J

1989-08-01

This study investigated analogical reasoning abilities of alcoholics who had been abstinent from alcohol for at least 1 year. Their performance was compared to that of nonalcoholic controls matched as a group for education, age, and gender. Solution times and error rates were modeled using a regression model. Results showed a nonsignificant trend for alcoholics to be faster, but more error prone, than controls. The same componential model applied to both groups, and fit them equally well. Although differences have been found in analogical reasoning ability between controls and alcoholics immediately following detoxification, we find no evidence of differences after extended periods of sobriety.
Terrestrial Analogs to Mars: NRC Community Panel Decadal Report

Science.gov (United States)

Farr, T. G.

2002-12-01

A report was completed recently by a Community Panel for the NRC Decadal Study of Solar System Exploration. The desire was for a review of the current state of knowledge and for recommendations for action over the next decade. The topic of this panel, Terrestrial Analogs to Mars, was chosen to bring attention to the need for an increase in analog studies in support of the increased pace of Mars exploration. It is well recognized that interpretations of Mars must begin with the Earth as a reference. The most successful comparisons have focused on understanding geologic processes on the Earth well enough to extrapolate to Mars' environment. Several facets of terrestrial analog studies have been pursued and are continuing. These studies include field workshops, characterization of terrestrial analog sites, instrument tests, laboratory measurements (including analysis of martian meteorites), and computer and laboratory modeling. The combination of all of these activities allows scientists to constrain the processes operating in specific terrestrial environments and extrapolate how similar processes could affect Mars. The Terrestrial Analogs for Mars Community Panel has considered the following two key questions: (1) How do terrestrial analog studies tie in to the overarching science questions about life, past climate, and geologic evolution of Mars, and (2) How can future instrumentation be used to address these questions. The panel considered the issues of data collection and archiving, value of field workshops, laboratory measurements and modeling, human exploration issues, association with other areas of solar system exploration, and education and public outreach activities. Parts of this work were performed under contract to NASA.
How do Analogizing and Mental Simulation Influence Team Dynamics in Innovative Product Design?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Casakin, Hernan; Ball, Linden J.; Christensen, Bo T.

2015-01-01

association with team cohesion, whereas solution generation and function finding had a stronger association with team collaboration. We propose that analogizing and mental simulations are strategies that serve valuable functions in engendering enhanced cohesion and collaboration, which might be expected...... and team collaboration. Analogies were coded for “analogical distance” (i.e., within domain or between domain) and “analogical purpose” (i.e., problem identification, function finding, solution generation, and explanation). The results indicated that the presence of either analogizing or mental simulation...... was related to team cohesion and team collaboration, with mental simulation having an especially marked association with team collaboration. Within-domain analogizing was found to enhance team collaboration, but it did not influence team cohesion. Furthermore, all types of analogical purpose showed a similar...
PENALARAN ANALOGI SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH LUAS DAN KELILING SEGITIGA DAN SEGIEMPAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardhani

2016-09-01

Penalaran analogi adalah proses penarikan kesimpulan dengan menggunakan kesamaan sifat dan struktur hubungan dari permasalahan sumber untuk diaplikasikan pada permasalahan target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penalaran analogi siswa kelas VIII dalam menyelesaikan masalah luas dan keliling segitiga dan segiempat. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penalaran analogi siswa kemampuan tinggi terjadi dengan baik. Penalaran analogi siswa kelompok sedang cenderung terjadi cukup baik. Ada beberapa hambatan yang dialami siswa kelompok sedang, yaitu pada proses mapping. Penalaran analogi siswa kemampuan rendah menunjukkan bahwa subjek tidak dapat memahami masalah yang diberikan.
¿Para qué sirven las campañas electorales?: Los efectos de la campaña electoral española de 1993

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MARÍA FERNÁNDEZ MELLIZO-SOTO

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo explora los efectos de la campaña electoral española de 1993 en el comportamiento electoral siguiendo los antiguos presupuestos de Lazarsfeld y su grupo de Columbia, así como los de sus continuadores. Se ha contado para ello con una encuesta de datos de panel con mediciones antes y después de las elecciones. Se han perseguido dos grandes objetivos. En primer lugar, examinar mediante el modelo de activación si el voto (en el plano individual está influido por la campaña electoral o si, en última instancia, queda "predeterminado" por las predisposiciones políticas antes de la campaña, y que se activan durante ella. En segundo lugar, analizar los efectos específicos de la campaña en el voto (los de activación, reforzamiento y conversión, así como la interpretación de los indecisos y de cómo fueron activadas sus predisposiciones hacia el PSOE. Este artículo muestra que los desarrollos de Lazarsfeld y su equipo son ciertos para el caso español: las predisposiciones políticas que los individuos presentan al comenzar la campaña electoral predicen con bastante precisión el voto que finalmente emiten. El efecto de la campaña electoral es, por lo tanto, reducido. Los efectos concretos que se produjeron en la campaña electoral de 1993 consistieron en el reforzamiento de quienes tenían unas preferencias de voto consistentes en las pedisposiciones políticas y en la activación de los indecisos. Este último efecto fue el determinante de la victoria del PSOE sobre el PP, una victoria que no se recogía en buena parte en los sondeos realizados entonces

Determinación del efecto de las importaciones en precios internos de granos básicos utilizando un sistema inverso de demanda

OpenAIRE

Hernández Ortiz, Juan

2012-01-01

Con la entrada en vigor del TLCAN las importaciones de granos básicos en México han crecido sustancialmente, a raíz de este fenómeno mucho se ha comentado sobre la conveniencia o no del Tratado de Libre Comercio y sus efectos en la agricultura, derivados del crecimiento de las importaciones de dichos productos, sin embargo, no existen estudios donde se cuantifique la magnitud del impacto en la agricultura nacional. Por esta razón en este trabajo se aborda el efecto q...
EFECTO DEL ALBENDAZOL Y LA VITAMINA A PERIÓDICOS SOBRE HELMINTOS INTESTINALES Y ANEMIA EN NIÑOS DEL URABÁ ANTIOQUEÑO (COLOMBIA)

OpenAIRE

Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime; Correa-Botero, Adriana

2015-01-01

Problema: En Colombia no hay informes sobre efectos en humanos del tratamiento periódico antihelmíntico-vitamina A. Objetivo: Evaluar efectos de albendazol/pamoato de pirantel-vitamina A trimestrales sobre Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus y sobre niveles séricos de retinol y hemoglobina, en niños del Urabá antioqueño. Metodología: Estudio clínico, aleatorio, con grupos paralelos, cerrado, intervenidos y evaluados cada 3-4 meses por 4 veces, seguidos 12 meses. Inte...
Efecto in vitro de la espirulina sobre la respuesta inmune

OpenAIRE

Pérez, Lázaro del Valle; Macías Abraham, Consuelo; Torres Leyva, Isabel; Socarrás Ferrer, Bertha B; Marsán Suárez, Vianed; Sánchez Segura, Miriam

2002-01-01

La espirulina es un alga cianofícea que es utilizada como aditivo alimentario y por sus propiedades medicinales. Se realizó este trabajo para evaluar el efecto in vitro de la espirulina (Spirel, Génix, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba) en 14 donantes sanos del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología mediante las pruebas de transformación linfoblástica con criterio de timidina tritiada; en la expresión de los antígenos de activación HLA-DR y CD-25 por el ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico (UMICIQ) y l...
Efectos terapéuticos de la lectura

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Agustín HIDALGO

2017-06-01

Full Text Available La lectura es un acto que requiere aislamiento y soledad, que permite reescribir las narraciones mediante la identificación entre el lector y el personaje, la implicación en el hecho narrado y la recreación singular por cada lector. El acto de leer permite apartarse de la realidad. La lectura, como la escritura, produce el efecto terapéutico de ayudar a comprender la enfermedad, de conocer experiencias de otros pacientes que pueden resultar útiles para el acompañamiento, superación y/o toma de decisiones. No hay una literatura concreta recomendable de forma universal a cada enfermo, sino que todos los géneros pueden ser útiles a algún enfermo; sin embargo, la poesía, la novela y las autobiografías han sido reseñadas con frecuencia entre los libros que aportan ayuda y consuelo.
Efecto de la manipulación del semen criopreservado de bovinos Bos Taurus sobre la integridad espermática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norberto Villa-Duque

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En el estudio se evaluó el efecto de descongelar y aplicar semen de bovinos Bos Taurus en 33 ganaderías del Magdalena Medio colombiano, y se estudió in vitro el efecto de la injuria encontrada sobre la integridad de las membranas espermáticas. La información en fincas se recopiló mediante formulario específico, mientras que el estudio in vitro se ejecutó en el laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva Animal del Instituto Universitario de la Paz (Barrancabermeja, Santander. El estudio consistió en someter pajillas comerciales de 0.5 ml de toros Holstein y Pardo Suizo a la técnica convencional y a tres modificaciones de esta (injurias mediante un diseño randomizado. Ninguna de las fincas evaluadas aplicó correctamente la práctica de la inseminación artificial; errores notorios fueron: exceso de tiempo durante la extracción de la pajilla, descongelación en la región axilar y no combinación correcta entre tiempo y temperatura. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencia significativa (P<0.05 por efecto de la raza para la integridad y resistencia de las membranas espermáticas, para la integridad de las membranas por efecto de los tratamientos cuando la pajilla se descongelo a temperatura corporal en la región axilar y para la integridad de la membrana acrosomal cuando la extracción de la pajilla se realizó en forma incorrecta. El semen de la raza Holstein evidencia una ligera tendencia a ser más resistente que el de la raza Pardo Suizo.
Efecto de variedades de algodón genéticamente modificadas sobre larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

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Sandra Jimena Valencia Cataño

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Spodoptera frugiperda es una plaga polífaga de importancia económica en países tropicales y subtropicales. En Colombia ataca el algodonero (Gossypium hirsutum L., cultivo que ha tomado importancia gracias a la adopción de variedades genéticamente modificadas (GM. En el estudio se determinaron los efectos subletales de algunas de estas variedades sobre larvas de este insecto. Para el efecto, en condiciones de laboratorio (27°C, 65 ± 10% HR y 12 h fotoperiodo se evaluaron las variedades NuOPAL RR (proteína Cry1Ac, DP141 B2RF (proteínas Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab y DeltaOPAL RR (no Bt. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: (a peso de larvas, (bpeso de heces, (c peso del alimento ofrecido y (d peso del alimento no consumido. Como índices de consumo y digestibilidad se calcularon la tasa relativa de consumo (TRCo, la tasa relativa de crecimiento (TRCr, la eficiencia de conversión del alimento ingerido (ECI y la digestibilidad aproximada (DA. Los índices mostraron actividad antialimentaria de la variedad DP141 B2RF (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab que afecta de forma negativa la tasa de crecimiento y la conversión del alimento por parte de las larvas. El peso de las larvas alimentadas en DP141 B2RF (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab fue 58.6% menor que en la variedad no Bt. Los resultados muestran un efecto adverso de la variedad DP141 B2RF (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab en el desarrollo larval de S. frugiperda. Se confirman los efectos antibióticos de las variedades GM evaluadas que inciden en un menor desarrollo y en la supervivencia de las larvas.
Further evaluation of the tropane analogs of haloperidol.

Science.gov (United States)

Sampson, Dinithia; Bricker, Barbara; Zhu, Xue Y; Peprah, Kwakye; Lamango, Nazarius S; Setola, Vincent; Roth, Bryan L; Ablordeppey, Seth Y

2014-09-01

Previous work from our labs has indicated that a tropane analog of haloperidol with potent D2 binding but designed to avoid the formation of MPP(+)-like metabolites, such as 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl)pyridin-1-ium (BCPP(+)) still produced catalepsy, suggesting a strong role for the D2 receptor in the production of catalepsy in rats, and hence EPS in humans. This study tested the hypothesis that further modifications of the tropane analog to produce compounds with less potent binding to the D2 receptor than haloperidol, would produce less catalepsy. These tests have now revealed that while haloperidol produced maximum catalepsy, these compounds produced moderate to low levels of catalepsy. Compound 9, with the least binding affinity to the D2R, produced the least catalepsy and highest Minimum Adverse Effective Dose (MAED) of the analogs tested regardless of their affinities at other receptors including the 5-HT1AR. These observations support the hypothesis that moderation of the D2 binding of the tropane analogs could reduce catalepsy potential in rats and consequently EPS in man. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Varieties of noise: analogical reasoning in synthetic biology.

Science.gov (United States)

Knuuttila, Tarja; Loettgers, Andrea

2014-12-01

The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue that the actual situation is more nuanced and complex. Synthetic biology is a highly interdisciplinary field of research located at the interface of physics, chemistry, biology, and computational science. All of these fields provide concepts, metaphors, mathematical tools, and models, which are typically utilized by synthetic biologists by drawing analogies between the different fields of inquiry. We will study analogical reasoning in synthetic biology through the emergence of the functional meaning of noise, which marks an important shift in how engineering concepts are employed in this field. The notion of noise serves also to highlight the differences between the two branches of synthetic biology: the basic science-oriented branch and the engineering-oriented branch, which differ from each other in the way they draw analogies to various other fields of study. Moreover, we show that fixing the mapping between a source domain and the target domain seems not to be the goal of analogical reasoning in actual scientific practice.
Efecto de Brugmansia arborea (L. Lagerheim (Solanacea en el sistema reproductor masculino de ratón

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Pino

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fué investigar el efecto de la administracion del extracto acuoso de Brugmansia arborea (L. Lagerheim -floripondio-sobre algunos parámetros reproductivos en mamíferos. Ratones machos fueron tratados con 70 mg/kl/pc por 7 días, después de lo cual fueron eutanizados determinando los pesos de testículo, epidídimo e individualmente su región caudal; además, se contabilizó la concentración y malformaciones espermáticas. El peso del testículo y la cola del epidídimo disminuyeron; la concentración espermática fue menor que el control, se incrementaron las malformaciones espermáticas. Estos resultados sugieren que existe un efecto negativo de la dosis de B. arborea que alteraría la fertilidad del ratón.
Metabolomic Discovery of Novel Urinary Galabiosylceramide Analogs as Fabry Disease Biomarkers

Science.gov (United States)

Boutin, Michel; Auray-Blais, Christiane

2015-03-01

Fabry disease is an X-linked, complex, multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder presenting marked phenotypic and genotypic variability among affected male and female patients. Glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) isoforms/analogs, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) and analogs, as well as galabiosylceramide (Ga2) isoforms/analogs accumulate in the vascular endothelium, nerves, cardiomyocytes, renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cells, and biological fluids. The search for biomarkers reflecting disease severity and progression is still on-going. A metabolomic study using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry has revealed 22 galabiosylceramide isoforms/analogs in urine of untreated Fabry patients classified in seven groups according to their chemical structure: (1) Saturated fatty acid; (2) one extra double bond; (3) two extra double bonds; (4) hydroxylated saturated fatty acid; (5) hydroxylated fatty acid and one extra double bond; (6) hydrated sphingosine and hydroxylated fatty acid; (7) methylated amide linkage. Relative quantification of both Ga2 and Gb3 isoforms/analogs was performed. All these biomarkers are significantly more abundant in urine samples from untreated Fabry males compared with healthy male controls. A significant amount of Ga2 isoforms/analogs, accounting for 18% of all glycosphingolipids analyzed (Ga2 + Gb3 and respective isoforms/analogs), were present in urine of Fabry patients. Gb3 isoforms containing saturated fatty acids are the most abundant (60.9%) compared with 26.3% for Ga2. A comparison between Ga2 isoforms/analogs and their Gb3 counterparts also showed that the proportion of analogs with hydroxylated fatty acids is significantly greater for Ga2 (35.8%) compared with Gb3 (1.9%). These results suggest different biological pathways involved in the synthesis and/or degradation of Gb3 and Ga2 metabolites.
Riesgos y consecuencias de las prácticas sexuales en adolescentes bajo los efectos de alcohol y otras drogas

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Guillermo Castaño Pérez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la sexualidad, y el consumo de alcohol y drogas en los adolescentes, figuran en la actualidad como uno de los asuntos con mayor prioridad para la salud pública. La preocupación radica en reducir los riesgos de infecciones de transmisión sexual, el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y los embarazos tempranos no deseados. Objetivo: analizar las prácticas sexuales bajo el efecto de alcohol y otras drogas, y los riesgos que esto implica, en los adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellín. Métodos: la muestra se estableció mediante método probabilístico aleatorio y por conglomerados. El universo correspondió al número total de estudiantes matriculados en colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Medellín de 8vo., 9no., 10mo. y 11no. grados, en el año 2010 (91 857 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 17 años. El tamaño muestral incluido fue de 955 estudiantes usando un intervalo de confianza de 95. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo, transversal para conocer las prácticas sexuales bajo el efecto de alcohol u otras drogas, y los riesgos que corren los adolescentes. Se establecieron frecuencias, porcentajes y asociaciones estadísticas con el programa SPSS, versión 19.0 Resultados: consumir alcohol u otras drogas y tener prácticas sexuales presenta una asociación estadística significativa (p= 0,000. El 62,4 % de los adolescentes que han consumido una sustancia psicoactiva, han tenido relaciones sexuales, frente a un 29,4 % que, habiendo consumido alcohol y otras drogas, no lo han hecho. El alcohol es la droga más usada (79,8 %. Le siguen la marihuana (31,83 %, poppers (8,97 %, la cocaína (7,75 % y el éxtasis (5,71 %. Las prácticas sexuales más frecuentes bajo el efecto de sustancias psicoactivas son las exploratorias (manoseo, caricias, para un 71,02 %, seguida de la penetrativa vaginal (63,67 %, el sexo oral (45,30 % y la masturbación (19,59 %. De los adolescentes que tienen prácticas sexuales (N
EL EFECTO DE LA DESHIDRATACION EN EL RENDIMIENTO ANAEROBICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Ubiratan Da Silveira

2006-12-01

Full Text Available El aumento de la temperatura corporal y la aparición de la sudoración son dos respuestas normales a la actividad física. Sin embargo, la deshidratación y la hipertermia que frecuentemente acompañan el entrenamiento deportivo y a la competición, son las causas más comunes y al mismo tiempo evitables de la fatiga prematura entre los atletas (Murray, 1996. La deshidratación contribuye a la hipertermia reduciendo la capacidad del organismo de perder calor, y aún bajos niveles de deshidratación de tan sólo un 2% del peso corporal perdido, pueden perjudicar el rendimiento físico (Maughan, 2003; Murray, 1996. Los efectos de la deshidratación sobre variables anaeróbicas no son muy claros, debido a los diferentes porcentuales y métodos de deshidratación utilizados en las investigaciones. Por eso, la presente revisión de literatura propone un análisis de los efectos de la deshidratación sobre el rendimiento y metabolismo anaeróbico bajo la organización según tres distintos modelos experimentales: 1. métodos de deshidratación pasiva; 2. métodos de deshidratación activa; 3. método de deshidratación mixto. Así como ocurre en el rendimiento aeróbico, las diferencias en los resultados del rendimiento anaeróbico parecen estar relacionados con algunos factores como: la magnitud de cambio en el peso corporal, el tiempo en que los sujetos estuvieran bajo proceso de deshidratación, las pruebas utilizadas para medir las variables anaeróbicas, los métodos de deshidratación y principalmente si hubo combinación de estos métodos.
Efecto diurético agudo de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook en ratas normales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antistio Aníbal Alviz

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Ceratopteris pteridoides es un helecho semiacuático de la familia Parkeriacea, ampliamente utilizado en la medicina popular colombiana como diurético y colelitiásico, sobre el cual no existen reportes científicos que avalen su uso popular como diurético. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto diurético agudo en dosis única y dosis repetidas a corto plazo, de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de C. pteridoides en un modelo in vivo. Materiales y métodos. El extracto etanólico total fue obtenido por maceración de la planta entera de C. pteridoides con etanol y el extracto acuoso fue obtenido por decocción a 60 °C por 15 minutos. Ambos extractos se sometieron a análisis fitoquímico preliminar y estudio histológico posterior a la administración de los extractos durante ocho días consecutivos (1.000 mg/kg. El efecto diurético se evaluó en ratas Wistar, tratadas con los extractos (500 mg/kg, en forma aguda y en dosis repetidas a corto plazo, cuantificando la eliminación de agua y la excreción renal de sodio y potasio por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y, de cloruros, por titulación mercurimétrica. Resultados. En el modelo agudo, ambos extractos mostraron un significativo efecto diurético y de excreción renal de sodio y potasio en comparación con el control, mientras que con la administración en dosis repetidas a corto plazo mostraron efecto diurético sin eliminación de electrolitos. El estudio histopatológico no sugirió efectos tóxicos hepáticos o renales. Conclusión. Los resultados demuestran la actividad diurética de C. pteridoides y sustentan el uso popular dado a esta planta como diurético en la costa norte colombiana. Se requieren estudios posteriores que permitan aislar e identificar los compuestos responsables de la actividad y los mecanismos de acción involucrados. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i1.611
Analogy-Integrated e-Learning Module: Facilitating Students' Conceptual Understanding

Science.gov (United States)

Florida, Jennifer

2012-01-01

The study deals with the development of an analogy-integrated e-learning module on Cellular Respiration, which is intended to facilitate conceptual understanding of students with different brain hemisphere dominance and learning styles. The module includes eight analogies originally conceptualized following the specific steps used to prepare…
Real time event selection and flash analog-to-digital converters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imori, Masatosi

1983-01-01

In high-energy particle experiments, high-speed analog logic is employed to select events on a real-time basis. Flash analog-to-digital converters replace the high-speed analog logic with digital logic. The digital logic gives great flexibility to the scheme for real-time event selection. This paper proposes the use of flash A/D converters for the logic used to obtain the total sum of the energy deposited in individual counters in a shower detector. (author)
Analog circuit design a tutorial guide to applications and solutions

CERN Document Server

Williams, Jim

2011-01-01

* Covers the fundamentals of linear/analog circuit and system design to guide engineers with their design challenges. * Based on the Application Notes of Linear Technology, the foremost designer of high performance analog products, readers will gain practical insights into design techniques and practice. * Broad range of topics, including power management tutorials, switching regulator design, linear regulator design, data conversion, signal conditioning, and high frequency/RF design. * Contributors include the leading lights in analog design, Robert Dobkin, Jim Willia
CMOS analog integrated circuits high-speed and power-efficient design

CERN Document Server

Ndjountche, Tertulien

2011-01-01

High-speed, power-efficient analog integrated circuits can be used as standalone devices or to interface modern digital signal processors and micro-controllers in various applications, including multimedia, communication, instrumentation, and control systems. New architectures and low device geometry of complementary metaloxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technologies have accelerated the movement toward system on a chip design, which merges analog circuits with digital, and radio-frequency components. CMOS: Analog Integrated Circuits: High-Speed and Power-Efficient Design describes the important tren
Programs for control of an analog-signal switching network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Ottavio, T.; Enriquez, R.; Katz, R.; Skelly, J.

1989-01-01

A suite of programs has been developed to control the network of analog-signal switching multiplexers in the AGS complex. The software is driven by a relational database which describes the architecture of the multiplexer tree and the set of available analog signals. Signals are routed through a three-layer multiplexer tree, to be made available at four consoles each with three 4-trace oscilloscopes. A menu-structured operator interface program is available at each console, to accept requests to route any available analog signal to any of that console's 12 oscilloscope traces. A common routing-server program provides automatic routing-server program provides automatic routing of requested signals through the layers of multiplexers, maintaining a reservation database to denote free and in-use trunks. Expansion of the analog signal system is easily accommodated in software by adding new signals, trunks, multiplexers, or consoles to the database. Programmatic control of the triggering signals for each of the oscilloscopes is also provided. 3 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs
Dictamen de estados financieros para efectos fiscales: naturaleza jurídica, evolución e incongruencias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Jorge Yáñez Rodríguez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El dictamen de estados financieros para efectos fiscales se vuelve obligatorio para determinados contribuyentes en México desde la década de los noventa; a partir de 2014 se establece como una opción, reconociéndose que implica un costo para los sujetos gobernados. Este trabajo analiza la figura del dictamen para efectos fiscales como parte de las facultades de comprobación, amén de los alcances jurídicos y pragmáticos del cambio de su naturaleza obligatoria a opcional; asimismo, se abordan determinados supuestos desde los que fue creado el Servicio de Administración Tributaria que se contraponen al mecanismo de fiscalización indirecta que constituye el dictamen para efectos fiscales; en adición, se estudia la incidencia de dicho dictamen sobre la figura del dictaminador inde - pendiente, ello dentro del entorno regulatorio empresarial, considerando que las tecnologías de la información dotan a la autoridad exactora de mayores elementos de fiscalización. Todo lo anterior hace cuestionar la viabilidad práctica del dictamen fiscal dentro del marco impositivo mexicano, el cual no es ajeno a las recomendaciones que organismos internacionales brindan sobre la base de experiencias fiscales exitosas. Derechos reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
¿Puede amortiguar el Engagement los efectos nocivos de la Procrastinación Académica?

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Marcela Paz González-Brignardello

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este estudio es explorar la relación existente entre la Procrastinación Académica y el Engagement, así como el patrón de funcionamiento de ambas variables en entornos académicos, en relación al uso de estrategias de aprendizaje autorregulado, eficientes y deficientes, y el estado de los estudiantes previo a la realización de los exámenes. Todas las variables han sido medidas a través de cuestionarios de autoinforme, en una población de universitarios en modalidad a distancia/en línea. Asimismo, se postula un posible efecto de amortiguación o buffering del Engagement sobre los efectos nocivos de la Procrastinación Académica. Este patrón diferencial se analiza con mayor precisión mediante la consideración de tres perfiles de estudiantes, los caracterizados por Engagement puro, los caracterizados por Procrastinación Académica pura, y un perfil mixto de procrastinadores con niveles de Engagement medio-alto. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran, por un lado, las grandes diferencias existentes en la forma de afrontar los estudios entre los estudiantes engaged y los procrastinadores y, por otro, el claro efecto amortiguador del engagement sobre la Procrastinación Académica, observándose en el perfil mixto una mejora significativa de carácter positivo, tanto en el tipo de estrategias de aprendizaje autorregulado utilizadas, como en su estado previo a los exámenes.

Concept Confusion and Concept Discernment in Basic Magnetism Using Analogical Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Lemmer, Miriam; Morabe, Olebogeng Nicodimus

2017-01-01

Analogical reasoning is central to all learning, whether in daily life situations, in the classroom or while doing research. Although analogies can aid the learning process of making sense of phenomena and understanding new ideas in terms of known ideas, these should be used with care. This article reports a study of the use of analogies and the…
ANÁLISIS DEL EFECTO INMEDIATO Y DIFERIDO DE LA ORIENTACIÓN AL MERCADO SOBRE LOS RESULTADOS ORGANIZACIONALES. UN ESTUDIO LONGITUDINAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cauzo Bottala, Lourdes

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en analizar el efecto, tanto inmediato como diferido, de la orientación al mercado (OM sobre los resultados organizacionales. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal, en un horizonte temporal de 3 años, en el sector financiero español. Respecto a la metodología, hemos desarrollado, de una parte, un método cualitativo con el fin de medir el grado de OM de las entidades consideradas, y ello a través de un análisis de contenido. Una vez obtenido un indicador de dicho análisis, hemos aplicado una metodología cuantitativa de ecuaciones estructurales, para contrastar las hipótesis del modelo propuesto. De los resultados obtenidos, destacamos, en primer lugar, que las entidades bancarias que implantan un enfoque de OM son propensas a mantener dicho enfoque en periodos sucesivos; en segundo término, que no se constatan efectos inmediatos de la OM sobre los resultados; y finalmente que la OM no registra efectos diferidos sobre aquellos indicadores de rentabilidad considerados.
Connecting long distance: semantic distance in analogical reasoning modulates frontopolar cortex activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Adam E; Kraemer, David J M; Fugelsang, Jonathan A; Gray, Jeremy R; Dunbar, Kevin N

2010-01-01

Solving problems often requires seeing new connections between concepts or events that seemed unrelated at first. Innovative solutions of this kind depend on analogical reasoning, a relational reasoning process that involves mapping similarities between concepts. Brain-based evidence has implicated the frontal pole of the brain as important for analogical mapping. Separately, cognitive research has identified semantic distance as a key characteristic of the kind of analogical mapping that can support innovation (i.e., identifying similarities across greater semantic distance reveals connections that support more innovative solutions and models). However, the neural substrates of semantically distant analogical mapping are not well understood. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity during an analogical reasoning task, in which we parametrically varied the semantic distance between the items in the analogies. Semantic distance was derived quantitatively from latent semantic analysis. Across 23 participants, activity in an a priori region of interest (ROI) in left frontopolar cortex covaried parametrically with increasing semantic distance, even after removing effects of task difficulty. This ROI was centered on a functional peak that we previously associated with analogical mapping. To our knowledge, these data represent a first empirical characterization of how the brain mediates semantically distant analogical mapping.
Barrier analogs: Long-term performance issues, preliminary studies, and recommendations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waugh, W.J. [Rust Geotech, Inc., Grand Junction, CO (United States). Environmental Sciences Lab.; Chatters, J.C.; Last, G.V.; Bjornstad, B.N.; Link, S.O. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Hunter, C.R. [Cascade Earth Sciences, La Grande, OR (United States)

1994-02-01

The US Department of Energy`s Hanford Protective Barrier Development Program is funding studies of natural analogs of the long-term performance of waste site covers. Natural-analog studies examine past environments as evidence for projecting the future performance of engineered structures. The information generated by analog studies is needed to (1) evaluate the designs and results of short term experiments and demonstrations, (2) formulate performance-modeling problems that bound expected changes in waste site environments, and (3) understand emergent system attributes that cannot be evaluated with short-term experiments or computer models. Waste site covers will be part of dynamic environmental systems with attributes that transcend the traits of engineered components. This report discusses results of the previously unreported preliminary studies conducted in 1983 and 1984. These results indicate that analogs could play an important role in predicting the long-term behavior of engineered waste covers. Layered exposures of glacial-flood-deposited gravels mantled with silt or sand that resemble contemporary barrier designs were examined. Bergmounds, another anomaly left by cataclysmic glacial floods, were also examined as analogs of surface gravel.
Effect of curcumin analogs onα-synuclein aggregation and cytotoxicity

Science.gov (United States)

Jha, Narendra Nath; Ghosh, Dhiman; Das, Subhadeep; Anoop, Arunagiri; Jacob, Reeba S.; Singh, Pradeep K.; Ayyagari, Narasimham; Namboothiri, Irishi N. N.; Maji, Samir K.

2016-01-01

Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation into oligomers and fibrils is associated with dopaminergic neuron loss occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Compounds that modulate α-Syn aggregation and interact with preformed fibrils/oligomers and convert them to less toxic species could have promising applications in the drug development efforts against PD. Curcumin is one of the Asian food ingredient which showed promising role as therapeutic agent against many neurological disorders including PD. However, the instability and low solubility makes it less attractive for the drug development. In this work, we selected various curcumin analogs and studied their toxicity, stability and efficacy to interact with different α-Syn species and modulation of their toxicity. We found a subset of curcumin analogs with higher stability and showed that curcumin and its various analogs interact with preformed fibrils and oligomers and accelerate α-Syn aggregation to produce morphologically different amyloid fibrils in vitro. Furthermore, these curcumin analogs showed differential binding with the preformed α-Syn aggregates. The present data suggest the potential role of curcumin analogs in modulating α-Syn aggregation. PMID:27338805
El proceso turístico : sujetos, agentes y efectos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva Martín Roda

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Desde el marco teórico, el artículo analiza las motivaciones que inducen al hombre a efectuar un viaje. El tipo de agentes, tanto públicos como privados, que influyen en el proceso turístico como sus motivaciones y los efectos que el turismo tiene sobre ámbitos sociales y económicos.Starting from a theoretical approach, this anide analyses what are the drivers that decide people to take a trip, either business or holidays trips. Going further to identify what are the public or prívate agents that influence the tourism process and the broad impact that the tourism has on social and economic framework.
Using Analogies in Teaching Physics: A Study on Latvian Teachers' Views and Experience

Science.gov (United States)

Jonane, Lolita

2015-01-01

The role of analogies as tools for teaching difficult science concepts has been widely discussed in science education. The application of analogies in the context of sustainable education involves richer potential. The purposeful use of appropriate analogies can facilitate analogical thinking and transfer skills, as well as develop abilities which…
Analog Circuit Design Optimization Based on Evolutionary Algorithms

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Mansour Barari

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates an evolutionary-based designing system for automated sizing of analog integrated circuits (ICs. Two evolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithm and PSO (Parswal particle swarm optimization algorithm, are proposed to design analog ICs with practical user-defined specifications. On the basis of the combination of HSPICE and MATLAB, the system links circuit performances, evaluated through specific electrical simulation, to the optimization system in the MATLAB environment, for the selected topology. The system has been tested by typical and hard-to-design cases, such as complex analog blocks with stringent design requirements. The results show that the design specifications are closely met. Comparisons with available methods like genetic algorithms show that the proposed algorithm offers important advantages in terms of optimization quality and robustness. Moreover, the algorithm is shown to be efficient.
La política de seguridad democrática 2002-2006: efectos socioeconómicos en las áreas rurales

OpenAIRE

Pérez Valbuena, Gerson Javier

2014-01-01

Este trabajo usa el cambio estructural en el número de incautaciones para medir el impacto de la política de seguridad democrática sobre el mercado laboral rural, entre 2002 y 2006. La nueva política tuvo efectos diferenciales por género, edad y tipo de ocupación. Produjo pérdidas socioeconómicas por la reducción simultánea de la oferta laboral y del ingreso de los adultos. En la participación laboral de los jóvenes y los niños tuvo un efecto diferenciado, por género. No parece haber tenido e...
Efectos subletales de la lambda-cialotrina sobre Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)

OpenAIRE

Tamara Ricardo; Maria Inés Maitre; Alba Rut Rodríguez

2010-01-01

El uso intensivo de agroquímicos provoca efectos dañinos sobre la fauna no blanco. Dentro de la misma, los oligoquetos contribuyen a mantener la estructura y fertilidad del suelo. La lambda-cialotrina es uno de los insecticidas piretroides más utilizados en la Argentina, pero son escasos los datos existentes acerca de su toxicidad sobre oligoquetos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar mediante bioensayos de toxicidad crónica los efectos de lambda-cialotrina (producto comercial al 5%)...
47 CFR 74.705 - TV broadcast analog station protection.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false TV broadcast analog station protection. 74.705... EXPERIMENTAL RADIO, AUXILIARY, SPECIAL BROADCAST AND OTHER PROGRAM DISTRIBUTIONAL SERVICES Low Power TV, TV Translator, and TV Booster Stations § 74.705 TV broadcast analog station protection. (a) The TV broadcast...
Verbal Analogical Reasoning in Children with Language-Learning Disabilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Masterson, Julie J.; And Others

1993-01-01

Children (ages 9-13) with language-learning disabilities were administered 5 types of verbal analogies: synonyms, antonyms, linear order, category membership, and functional relationship. Subjects performed worse than mental age-matched children on all types of analogies and performed worse than language age-matched children on all types except…
Analog capacitance ROM with IGFET bucket-brigade shift register

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bruun, Erik; Olesen, Ole

1975-01-01

A new type of monolithic analog read-out memory is described. It consists of a memory element and associated on-chip readout circuitry. The memory can be used for storing sample values of time-varying analog signals. The memory element is a matrix of MOS capacitors, preprogrammed in size...
EXENCIÓN DE TRADUCCIONES PARA EFECTOS DE INMIGRACIÓN EN EL MERCOSUR

OpenAIRE

Oyarzábal, Mario J. A

2006-01-01

Este trabajo analiza el Acuerdo sobre exención de traducción para documentos administrativos para efectos de inmigración entre los Estados Partes del MERCOSUR, Bolivia y Chile, y argumenta que el mismo presenta ciertas deficiencias para las que el autor sugiere soluciones interpretativas. This paper analyzes the agreement to exempt administrative documentation from translation for purposes of migration between the MERCOSUR member states, Bolivia and Chile. It argues that this agreement suf...
Electrochemical deposition of magnesium from analogous ionic liquid based on dimethylformamide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Huaiyou; Jia, Yongzhong; Wang, Xiaohua; Yao, Ying; Yue, Duyuan; Jing, Yan

2013-01-01

In this paper, a homogeneous, colorless analogous ionic liquid containing dimethylformamide (DMF) and magnesium chloride hexahydrate is synthesized. The conductivity of analogous ionic liquid is measured as a function of temperature and composition. Irreversible electrochemical behavior was generally observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the analogous ionic liquid based electrolytes containing simple Mg salt. CV also shows that the reducing reaction of Mg 2+ is a diffusion control process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of analogous ionic liquid was measured at 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C. Electrodeposition of magnesium metal from analogous ionic liquid has been studied. The Mg deposits are also systematically characterized by the techniques of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that magnesium was found in the deposited film
Efecto del recubrimiento comestible sobre los atributos físicoquímicos de mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado y refrigerado

OpenAIRE

Dussán-Sarria, Saúl; Torres-León, Cristian; Reyes-Calvache, Pedro Martín

2014-01-01

El mango presenta una corta vida poscosecha. La tecnología de frutas mínimamente procesadas (cortadas) es una alternativa adecuada para su conservación y comercialización. En este estudio fueron evaluados los atributos de calidad del mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado durante el almacenamiento refrigerado. Tambien el efecto de un recubrimiento comestible de almidón de yuca y cera de carnauba tratado previamente con ácidos orgánicos (1%) y CaCl2, (1%) y se evaluó el efecto de dos bolsa...
Efecto del recubrimiento comestible sobre los atributos físicoquímicos de mango 'Tommy Atkins' mínimamente procesado y refrigerado

OpenAIRE

Saúl Dussán-Sarria; Cristian Torres-León; Pedro Martín Reyes-Calvache

2014-01-01

El mango presenta una corta vida poscosecha. La tecnología de frutas mínimamente procesadas (cortadas) es una alternativa adecuada para su conservación y comercialización. En este estudio fueron evaluados los atributos de calidad del mango `Tommy Atkins´ mínimamente procesado durante el almacenamiento refrigerado. Fue evaluado el efecto de un recubrimiento comestible de almidón de yuca y cera de carnauba tratado previamente con ácidos orgánicos (1%) y CaCl2, (1%) y se evaluó el efecto de dos ...
UV IRRADIATION OF AROMATIC NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES IN INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS

Science.gov (United States)

Elsila, J. E.; Bernstein, M. P.; Sanford, S. A.

2005-01-01

Here, we present information on the properties of the ANH quinoline frozen in interstellar water-ice analogs. Quinoline is a two-ring compound structurally analogous to the PAH naphthalene. In this work, binary mixtures of water and quinoline were frozen to create interstellar ice analogs, which were then subjected to ultraviolet photolysis. We will present the infrared spectra of the resulting ices at various temperatures, as well as chromatographic analysis of the residues remaining upon warm-up of these ices to room temperature.
The analogic model ''RIC'' of thermal behaviour of mass concrete

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez Redondo, M.; Gonzalez de Posada, F.; Plana Claver, J.

1997-01-01

In order to study the thermal field and calorific flows in heat sources (i.e. mass concrete during setting) we have conceived, built and experimented with an analogical electric model. This model, named RIC, consists of resistors (R) and capacitors (C) in which nodes an electric current (I) has been injected. Several analogical constants were used for the mathematical approximation. Thus, this paper describes the analogical RIC model, simulating heat generation, boundary and initial conditions and concreting. (Author) 4 refs
Analog data transmission via fiber optics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cisneros, E.L.; Burgueno, G.F.

1987-01-01

In the SLAC Linear Collider Detector (SLD), as in most high-energy particle detectors, the electromagnetic noise environment is the limiting factor in electronic readout performance. Front-end electronics are particularly susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and great care has been taken to minimize its effects. The transfer of preprocessed analog signals from the detector environs, to the remote digital processing electronics, by conventional means (via metal conductors), may ultimately limit the performance of the system. Because it is highly impervious to EMI and ground loops, a fiber-optic medium has been chosen for the transmission of these signals. This paper describes several fiber-optic transmission schemes which satisfy the requirements of the SLD analog data transmission

Analog data transmission via fiber optics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cisneros, E.L.; Burgueno, G.F.

1986-10-01

In the SLAC Linear Collider Detector (SLD), as in most high-energy particle detectors, the electromagnetic noise environment is the limiting factor in electronic readout performance. Front-end electronics are particulary susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and great care has been taken to minimize its effects. The transfer of preprocessed analog signals from the detector environs, to the remote digital processing electronics, by conventional means (via metal conductors), may ultimately limit the performance of the system. Because it is highly impervious to EMI and ground loops, a fiber-optic medium has been chosen for the transmission of these signals. This paper describes several fiber-optic transmission schemes which satisfy the requirements of the SLD analog data transmission
An analogy strategy for transformation optics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao, Kan; Liu, Yongmin; Chen, Huanyang; Jiang, Xunya

2014-01-01

We introduce an analogy strategy to design transformation optical devices. Based on the similarities between field lines in different physical systems, the trajectories of light can be intuitively determined to curve in a gentle manner, and the resulting materials are isotropic and nonmagnetic. Furthermore, the physical meaning of the analogue problems plays a key role in the removal of dielectric singularities. We illustrate this approach by creating two designs of carpet cloak and a collimating lens as representative examples in two- and three-dimensional spaces, respectively. The analogy strategy not only reveals the intimate connections between different physical disciplines, such as optics, fluid mechanics and electrostatics, but also provides a heuristic pathway to designing advanced photonic systems
The optical analogy for vector fields

Science.gov (United States)

Parker, E. N. (Editor)

1991-01-01

This paper develops the optical analogy for a general vector field. The optical analogy allows the examination of certain aspects of a vector field that are not otherwise readily accessible. In particular, in the cases of a stationary Eulerian flow v of an ideal fluid and a magnetostatic field B, the vectors v and B have surface loci in common with their curls. The intrinsic discontinuities around local maxima in absolute values of v and B take the form of vortex sheets and current sheets, respectively, the former playing a fundamental role in the development of hydrodyamic turbulence and the latter playing a major role in heating the X-ray coronas of stars and galaxies.
On automatic synthesis of analog/digital circuits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beiu, V.

1998-12-31

The paper builds on a recent explicit numerical algorithm for Kolmogorov`s superpositions, and will show that in order to synthesize minimum size (i.e., size-optimal) circuits for implementing any Boolean function, the nonlinear activation function of the gates has to be the identity function. Because classical and--or implementations, as well as threshold gate implementations require exponential size, it follows that size-optimal solutions for implementing arbitrary Boolean functions can be obtained using analog (or mixed analog/digital) circuits. Conclusions and several comments are ending the paper.
Kinematics and age of 15 stars-photometric solar analogs

Science.gov (United States)

Galeev, A. I.; Shimansky, V. V.

2008-03-01

The radial and space velocities are inferred for 15 stars that are photometric analogs of the Sun. The space velocity components (U, V, W) of most of these stars lie within the 10-60 km/s interval. The star HD 225239, which in our previous papers we classified as a subgiant, has a space velocity exceeding 100 km/s, and belongs to the thick disk. The inferred fundamental parameters of the atmospheres of solar analogs are combined with published evolutionary tracks to estimate the masses and ages of the stars studied. The kinematics of photometric analogs is compared to the data for a large group of solar-type stars.
Analogical Reasoning in the Classroom: Insights from Cognitive Science

Science.gov (United States)

Vendetti, Michael S.; Matlen, Bryan J.; Richland, Lindsey E.; Bunge, Silvia A.

2015-01-01

Applying knowledge from one context to another is a notoriously difficult problem, both for children and adults, but lies at the heart of educational endeavors. Analogical reasoning is a cognitive underpinning of the ability to notice and draw similarities across contexts. Reasoning by analogy is especially challenging for students, who must…
Young Children's Analogical Reasoning across Cultures: Similarities and Differences

Science.gov (United States)

Richland, Lindsey Engle; Chan, Tsz-Kit; Morrison, Robert G.; Au, Terry Kit-Fong

2010-01-01

A cross-cultural comparison between U.S. and Hong Kong preschoolers examined factors responsible for young children's analogical reasoning errors. On a scene analogy task, both groups had adequate prerequisite knowledge of the key relations, were the same age, and showed similar baseline performance, yet Chinese children outperformed U.S. children…
Fluorinated Analogs of Malachite Green: Synthesis and Toxicity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bahram Parvin

2008-04-01

Full Text Available A series of fluorinated analogs of malachite green (MG have been synthesizedand their toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a human ovarian epithelial cell lineexamined. The toxicity profiles were found to be different for these two species. Twoanalogs, one with 2,4-difluoro substitution and the other with 2-fluoro substitution seem tobe the most promising analogs because they showed the lowest toxicity to the human cells.
Analog Organic Electronics Building Blocks for Organic Smart Sensor Systems on Foil

CERN Document Server

Marien, Hagen; Heremans, Paul

2013-01-01

This book provides insight into organic electronics technology and in analog circuit techniques that can be used to increase the performance of both analog and digital organic circuits. It explores the domain of organic electronics technology for analog circuit applications, specifically smart sensor systems. It focuses on all the building blocks in the data path of an organic sensor system between the sensor and the digital processing block. Sensors, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and DC-DC converters are discussed in detail. Coverage includes circuit techniques, circuit implementation, design decisions and measurement results of the building blocks described. Offers readers the first book to focus on analog organic circuit design; Discusses organic electronics technology for analog circuit applications in the context of smart sensor systems; Describes all building blocks necessary for an organic sensor system between the sensor and the digital processing block; Includes circuit techniques, cir...
Synthetic analog computation in living cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Daniel, Ramiz; Rubens, Jacob R; Sarpeshkar, Rahul; Lu, Timothy K

2013-05-30

A central goal of synthetic biology is to achieve multi-signal integration and processing in living cells for diagnostic, therapeutic and biotechnology applications. Digital logic has been used to build small-scale circuits, but other frameworks may be needed for efficient computation in the resource-limited environments of cells. Here we demonstrate that synthetic analog gene circuits can be engineered to execute sophisticated computational functions in living cells using just three transcription factors. Such synthetic analog gene circuits exploit feedback to implement logarithmically linear sensing, addition, ratiometric and power-law computations. The circuits exhibit Weber's law behaviour as in natural biological systems, operate over a wide dynamic range of up to four orders of magnitude and can be designed to have tunable transfer functions. Our circuits can be composed to implement higher-order functions that are well described by both intricate biochemical models and simple mathematical functions. By exploiting analog building-block functions that are already naturally present in cells, this approach efficiently implements arithmetic operations and complex functions in the logarithmic domain. Such circuits may lead to new applications for synthetic biology and biotechnology that require complex computations with limited parts, need wide-dynamic-range biosensing or would benefit from the fine control of gene expression.
Audience and coactuacion effects in free throw El efecto audiencia y el efecto coactuación en el lanzamiento a canasta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Tuero

2010-09-01

Full Text Available
The aim of this study was to analyse audience and coactor effects in a simple motor task, the free throw. Participants were 40 male high school students, aged 14 to 17 years, that were familiar (N = 20 or unfamiliar (N = 20 with the task proposed. Performance was examined while subjects acted in three different experimental situations: a alone; b in front of a passive audience of 10 peers; and c throwing together with a peer, with no external observation. Significant effects were observed for familiarity with the task (F1,38 = 79.9, P<0.001, experimental situation (alone, audience or coacting (F2,76 = 7.7, P< 0.001 and interaction (F2,76 = 4.7, P<0.01. Scores in each of the three sitautions were significantly higher for the group familiar with the task. Both passive audience and presence of coactors significantly reduced number of scores in comparison to shots taken alone only in the group unfamiliar with the task. Our results confirm the importance of a better knowledge of social facilitation during performance of motor tasks in sport setting, and the necessity of considering both audience and coactor effects while learning new motor abilities.
KEY WORDS: social facilitation, free throw, audience.

El objeto del estudio fue analizar los efectos de audiencia y de la presencia de coactores en una tarea motora simple, el tiro a canasta. Participaron un grupo de 40 estudiantes de ESO del sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años, familiarizados (N = 20 o no familiarizados (N = 20 con la tarea propuesta, encestes en 20 lanzamientos desde la línea de tiros libres. Se examinó la actuación de los sujetos mientras lanzaban en tres situaciones experimentales: a solos, b ante un grupo de 10 compañeros que actuaban como observadores pasivos, y c realizando los lanzamientos junto con un compañero sin que nadie más les observase
49205 ANALOGE OG DIGITALE FILTRE

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gaunholt, Hans

1997-01-01

Theese lecture notes treats the fundamental theory and the most commonly used design methods for passive- active and digital filters with special emphasis on microelectronic realizations. The lecture notes covers 75% of the material taught in the course 49205 Analog and Digital Filters...
A Kolmogorov Complexity View of Analogy: From Logical Modeling to Experimentations

Science.gov (United States)

Bayoudh, Meriam; Prade, Henri; Richard, Gilles

Analogical reasoning is considered as one of the main mechanisms underlying human intelligence and creativity, allowing the paradigm shift essential to a creative process. More specific is the notion of analogical proportion like "2 is to 4 as 5 is to 10" or "read is to reader as lecture is to lecturer": such statements can be precisely described within an algebraic framework. When the proportion holds between concepts as in "engine is to car as heart is to human" or "wine is to France as beer is to England", applying an algebraic framework is less straightforward and a new way to understand analogical proportions on the basis of Kolmogorov complexity theory may seem more appropriate. This viewpoint has been used to develop a classifier detecting analogies in natural language. Despite their apparent difference, it is quite clear that the two viewpoints should be strongly related. In this paper, we investigate the link between a purely abstract view of analogical proportions and a definition based on Kolmogorov complexity theory. This theory is used as a backbone to experiment a classifier of natural language analogies whose results are consistent with the abstract setting.
Efectos interactivos de múltiples emociones sobre el rendimiento: estudio exploratorio de tres tiradores de skeet de elite

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Montse C. Ruiz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio investiga los efectos interactivos de múltiples emociones en el rendimiento (resultado de tres tiradores de skeet de elite. La escala de emociones agregadas Emotional State Profile-40 (ESP-40; Hanin, 2010b evalúa las experiencias emocionales recordadas asociadas con rendimientos exitosos y pobres y con rendimientos actuales. El rendimiento actual consiste en 20 series de 25 tiros. Los resultados confirman la utilidad práctica de la escala ESP-40 en la evaluación de los efectos interactivos de cuatro categorías de emoción en el rendimiento deportivo. Las emociones recordadas fueron instrumentales en la predicción de los resultados actuales. Se discute la utilidad de la regresión logística ordinal en la predicción del rendimiento.
The Paradox of Analogy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Botting

2012-03-01

Full Text Available I will show that there is a type of analogical reasoning that instantiates a pattern of reasoning in confirmation theory that is considered at best paradoxical and at worst fatal to the entire syntactical approach to confirmation and explanation. However, I hope to elaborate conditions under which this is a sound (although not necessarily strong method of reasoning.
Toward a 62.5 MHz analog virtual pipeline integrated data acquisition system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleinfelder, S.A.; Levi, M.; Milgrome, O.

1991-01-01

Requirements of analog pipeline memories at the SSC are reviewed and the concept of virtual pipelines is introduced. Design details and test results of several new custom analog and digital integrated circuits implementing sections of the virtual multiple pipeline (VMP) scheme are provied. These include serial, random access and simultaneous read and write random access analog storage and retrieval circuits, a 100 MHz systolic variable depth digital pipeline, and a prototye 32 μs, 12 bit serial analog to digital converter. (orig.)
Therapy with radiolabelled somatostatin analogs in neuroendocrine tumors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kunikowska, J.; Krolicki, L.

2007-01-01

In the 80's the discovery of somatostatin receptors expression on NET cells enabled the application of somatostatin analogues in diagnosis and therapy. Initially, 'cold' somatostatin analogs were used for therapeutical purpose, with overall good clinical response, but with minimal anti-proliferation effect. Furthermore, radiolabelled receptor-binding peptides have been shown to be an important class of radiopharmaceuticals for tumor diagnosis and therapy with minimal side-effects. Specific binding between receptor on tumor cell and peptide with beta emitting radionuclide act not only on tumor related symptoms but also on tumor cell via radiotoxic effect of beta radiation. Discoveries of next receptor combinations, allow the work over synthesis and applications of next receptors' analogs both in diagnosis and in therapy. Due to complex characteristics of NET's, the use therapeutic 'cocktail' containing the variety analogs may be of great importance. (author)
Using analogs to generate production forecasts in Faja

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia Lugo, Rolando A. [Repsol (Canada)

2011-07-01

In the Carabobol Block, extra heavy oil will be produced by cold production from Miocene Morical Member sands. Many parameters such as pressure, temperature, solution gas oil ratio and viscosity variation significantly impact well productivity; unfortunately little information is available on the Carabobol Block. The aim of this paper is to provide a new methodology for using analog data to develop fluid properties correlations and a future production profile. Data from the analog neighbour field in the Orinoco oil belt was used. A methodology using scatter data was successfully applied for the Carabobol Block and fluid composition, a complete PVT and an analytical forecast were found and confirmed with actual laboratory data and a gross numerical model. This study showed that analog data can be used as a first approach to assess initial reservoir conditions and fluid properties and to generate production forecasts.
Sensing Methods for Detecting Analog Television Signals

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Mohammad Azizur; Song, Chunyi; Harada, Hiroshi

This paper introduces a unified method of spectrum sensing for all existing analog television (TV) signals including NTSC, PAL and SECAM. We propose a correlation based method (CBM) with a single reference signal for sensing any analog TV signals. In addition we also propose an improved energy detection method. The CBM approach has been implemented in a hardware prototype specially designed for participating in Singapore TV white space (WS) test trial conducted by Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) of the Singapore government. Analytical and simulation results of the CBM method will be presented in the paper, as well as hardware testing results for sensing various analog TV signals. Both AWGN and fading channels will be considered. It is shown that the theoretical results closely match with those from simulations. Sensing performance of the hardware prototype will also be presented in fading environment by using a fading simulator. We present performance of the proposed techniques in terms of probability of false alarm, probability of detection, sensing time etc. We also present a comparative study of the various techniques.
Verbal and perceptual analogical reasoning and proportional metaphor comprehension in young children.

Science.gov (United States)

Nippold, M A; Sullivan, M P

1987-09-01

In contrast to the common assumption that young children have little or no ability to reason by analogy or to comprehend proportional metaphors, the present study demonstrated that children as young as age 5 years have an emerging ability to solve both verbal and perceptual proportional analogy problems and to detect the meanings of proportional metaphoric sentences. These results were largely because the experimental tasks were designed to minimize the number of factors that would restrict the performance of young children. The results indicated that the years between 5 and 7 mark a steady improvement in analogical reasoning and proportional metaphor comprehension, but that children ages 5, 6, and 7 display a wide-ranging ability in these areas. It was also found that perceptual analogical reasoning was statistically related to verbal analogical reasoning and to proportional metaphor comprehension, and that perceptual analogical reasoning and proportional metaphor comprehension were both statistically related to receptive vocabulary development.

Pentagastrin analogs containing α-aminooxy acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balaspiri, L.; Kovacs, L.; Kovacs, K.; Varga, L.; Varro, V.; Schoen, I.; Kisfaludy, L.

1982-01-01

Two 14 C-labelled pentagastrin analogs of different specific radioactivities, containing α-aminooxy acids, have been synthesised to study their biological effects in the gastro-intestinal tract. (U.K.)
EFECTOS DEL CRÉDITO EN EL BIENESTAR SOCIOECONÓMICO DE LOS MICROEMPRESARIOS Y LAS MICROEMPRESARIAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Chaves Núñez

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo explora el efecto social y económico que causan las políticas de financiamiento orientadas hacia las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en el mercado local y regional en Costa Rica. El microcrédito ha sido una valiosa herramienta de desarrollos de las Mipymes en países desarrollados. La experiencia del FIDEICOMISO-IMAS-BANACIO es uno de los más importantes en Costa Rica para apoyar a los pequeños productores localizados en las regiones más vulnerables como el sur, atlántico y norte del país. Este modelo muestra los efectos cuantitativos y cualitativos del microcrédito sobre variables fundamentales como la producción, empleo, ingresos y habilidades humanas. La principal conclusión radica en afirmar que el microcrédito causa efectos positivos en las capacidades competitivas de las Mipymes así como beneficios sociales sobre las familias que han desarrollado microempresas en las regiones más pobres de Costa Rica. Abstract This paper explores the social and economic effects of financing policies oriented at small and medium size enterprises in the local and regional market in Costa Rica. The microcredit has been and useful tool to develop SMEs in developing countries. The experience of the FIDEICOMISO-IMAS-BANACIO is one of the most important in Costa Rica to support small producers located in vulnerable regions such as South, Atlantic and North among others. This model show quantity and quality effects of the microcredit on essential variables like production, employment, incomes and human skills. The main conclusion claim that microcredit causes positive effects on the competitive skills of SMEs as well as social benefits on some families that have been developing enterprises in poor regions in Costa Rica.
New insights into the synergism of nucleoside analogs with radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Michael W; Parker, William B; Xu, Bo

2013-01-01

Nucleoside analogs have been frequently used in combination with radiotherapy in the clinical setting, as it has long been understood that inhibition of DNA repair pathways is an important means by which many nucleoside analogs synergize. Recent advances in our understanding of the structure and function of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), a critical enzyme required for the anti-tumor activity for many nucleoside analogs, have clarified the mechanistic role this kinase plays in chemo- and radio-sensitization. A heretofore unrecognized role of dCK in the DNA damage response and cell cycle machinery has helped explain the synergistic effect of these agents with radiotherapy. Since most currently employed nucleoside analogs are primarily activated by dCK, these findings lend fresh impetus to efforts focused on profiling and modulating dCK expression and activity in tumors. In this review we will briefly review the pharmacology and biochemistry of the major nucleoside analogs in clinical use that are activated by dCK. This will be followed by discussions of recent advances in our understanding of dCK activation via post-translational modifications in response to radiation and current strategies aimed at enhancing this activity in cancer cells
Young Children's Analogical Reasoning: The Role of Immediate Feedback

Science.gov (United States)

Chiu, Shuhui; Alexander, Patricia A.

2014-01-01

In this study, a computerized measure, Interactive Analogical Measure (IAM), was developed and used to assess young children's ability to reason analogically. The IAM was equipped to provide corrective feedback and the effects of that feedback were tested for experimental and control groups. A group of 5-year-olds (N = 80) participated in the…
Reforma tributaria de 2014 y efecto en el mercado bursátil chileno

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Edinson Cornejo Saavedra

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio midió el efecto de la Reforma Tributaria de 2014 en el mercado bursátil chileno, entre el período de anuncio y de aprobación en el Congreso. Se analizaron los retornos anormales de las 40 empresas del IPSA agrupadas por industria, utilizando la metodología de estudio de eventos. Se analizaron cuatro eventos: el envío del Proyecto de Ley de Reforma Tributaria al Congreso; la aprobación en general del Proyecto de Reforma por la Cámara de Diputados; la celebración de un acuerdo por la Reforma Tributaria entre el Gobierno y la Alianza; y la aprobación de la Reforma por el Congreso. Se concluyó que el primer evento habría generado retornos anormales promedio negativos y significativos sólo en la industria de manufactura; que el segundo evento habría originado retornos anormales promedio negativos no significativos un día después en las industrias de manufactura, bancaria y financiera, inmobiliaria y de transporte; que el tercer evento generó retornos anormales positivos y significativos en las industrias inmobiliaria y de retail; y que el último tuvo efectos mixtos y no concluyentes.
Efectos estructurales en el transporte de materia durante el secado de frutas

OpenAIRE

Nieto, Andrea Bibiana

2004-01-01

El secado comercial de frutas involucra usualmente tratamientos de presecado (escalcado y deshidratación osmótica utilizando azúcares) dirigidos ya sea a mejorar la calidad del producto final o a mejorar la cinética de secado. La literatura sobre el efecto de estos tratamientos en la velocidad de transporte de humedad durante el secado convencional es aparentemente contradictoria. Ello puede atribuirse a la complejidad del proceso simultáneo de transferencia de calor y de masa durante el seca...
Efecto de los prebióticos sobre el metabolismo lipídico

OpenAIRE

Marti, A. (Amelia); Moreno-Aliaga, M.J. (María Jesús); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo)

2003-01-01

Los prebióticos se definieron en 1995 como ingredientes alimentarios no digeribles que afectan de manera beneficiosa al hospedador estimulando el crecimiento o la actividad de una o varias bacterias del colon, y por tanto mejoran la salud. Se ha mostrado que la proliferación de bacterias determinadas mediante la fermentación de hidratos de carbono no digeribles, puede inhibir la colonización del intestino por patógenos, ejerciendo un efecto protector hacia los desordenes intestinales agudos o...
Drawing Analogies to Deepen Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Fava, Michelle

2017-01-01

This article offers examples of how drawing can facilitate thinking skills that promote analogical reasoning to enable deeper learning. The instructional design applies cognitive principles, briefly described here. The workshops were developed iteratively, through feedback from student and teacher participants. Elements of the UK National…
Project for a codable central unit for analog data acquisition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bouras, F.; Da Costa Vieira, D.; Sohier, B.

1974-07-01

The instrumentation for a 256 channel codable central processor intended for an operation in connection with a computer is presented. The computer indicates the adresses of the channels to be measured, orders the conversion, and acquires the results of measurements. The acquisition and computer coupling unit is located in a standard rock CAMAC (6 U 19inch., 25 positions); an example of configuration is given. The measurement velocity depends on the converter speed and dead time of analog circuits; for a ADC 1103 converter the total dead time is 6.5s min. The analog circuits are intended for +-10V range, the accuracy is 1/2n (2n is the number of bits). The result is acquired in words of 12 bits maximum. The information transfer and analog commutation (through integrated analog gates) are discussed [fr
Configurable Analog-Digital Conversion Using the Neural EngineeringFramework

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian G Mayr

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Efficient Analog-Digital Converters (ADC are one of the mainstays of mixed-signal integrated circuit design. Besides the conventional ADCs used in mainstream ICs, there have been various attempts in the past to utilize neuromorphic networks to accomplish an efficient crossing between analog and digital domains, i.e. to build neurally inspired ADCs. Generally, these have suffered from the same problems as conventional ADCs, that is they require high-precision, handcrafted analog circuits and are thus not technology portable. In this paper, we present an ADC based on the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF. It carries out a large fraction of the overall ADC process in the digital domain, i.e. it is easily portable across technologies. The analog-digital conversion takes full advantage of the high degree of parallelism inherent in neuromorphic networks, making for a very scalable ADC. In addition, it has a number of features not commonly found in conventional ADCs, such as a runtime reconfigurability of the ADC sampling rate, resolution and transfer characteristic.
FRACASO EMPRESARIAL Y EFECTOS CONTAGIO. Un análisis espacial para España

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José Horacio García-Marí

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El gravísimo problema de caída de la actividad económica y desempleo en España encuentra un fiel reflejo en el círculo vicioso que genera el cierre de empresas, aproximado en este trabajo por la figura legal del concurso de acreedores. Este artículo se propone examinar el fenómeno desde un punto de vista geográfico para analizar el posible contagio entre provincias. Los resultados muestran que no hay efecto contagio del fracaso en el sector de la construcción, pero sí en el industrial. Es en este sector donde se contagia a la economía vista en su conjunto, pero sólo para los años anteriores a la crisis. En el periodo de recesión parece que tienen más fuerza los factores macroeconómicos negativos que afectan a la totalidad de las empresas que el contagio, que es un efecto particular que ejercen sobre cada compañía las empresas próximas con las que tiene relación.
El efecto de los cursos con las TIC en el funcionamiento y bienestar social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deisy Acosta Ham

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Cuando se es madre de un niño con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE, se vive una serie de etapas negativas que afectan a toda la familia, pero significativamente al niño especial, cuando no se dispone de la orientación y ayuda adecuadas. Las madres, al brindar atención de tiempo completo a su hijo con NEE, hacen infuncionales sus relaciones sociales; en otras palabras, sus escalas de función y bienestar social, relacionadas con la salud, son afectadas de modo negativo. Las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC aparecen en este escenario para brindar información y apoyo con programas educativos, comunidades virtuales, foros, y canales de conversación que proporcionan servicios psicopedagógicos, terapia, cursos de orientación, crecimiento personal y profesional. Las TIC otorgan ayuda inmediata, comunicación y acceso a información ilimitada. ¿Cómo saber si estas tecnologías están teniendo algún efecto en el aspecto social de las madres? De ahí que el propósito del presente trabajo sea conocer si existe o no dicho efecto.
Evaluación del modelo 1 a 1 en Iberoamérica: efectos del uso de computadoras portátiles en el aula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Choque-Larrauri

2011-10-01

Full Text Available En Iberoamérica alrededor de dos millones de estudiantes usan laptops en el modelo 1 a 1 (una computadora por cada estudiante en la educación básica. Se proyecta que en 2015 treinta millones de estudiantes en esa región estarán usando computadoras. Actualmente, un tercio de la población en Iberoamérica es internauta y hay un crecimiento sostenido de la población que tiene acceso al Internet. Se han realizado una serie de evaluaciones sobre los efectos del modelo 1 a 1 en la educación. Los efectos primarios están referidos al incremento del desempeño académico de los estudiantes, principalmente en matemática, lenguaje y ciencias. Los resultados de las evaluaciones al respecto no son claros y contundentes, por lo cual el debate está abierto. Por su parte, los efectos secundarios aluden a aspectos sociales, psicológicos y tecnológicos; en este rubro, los resultados de las evaluaciones son claros y concluyentes. Hay un efecto en la mejora del capital social, la comunicación, el trabajo en equipo, la autoestima, la creatividad, el pensamiento y razonamiento abstracto, la resolución de problemas, la motivación para ir a la escuela, el desarrollo de habilidades TIC, la reducción de la brecha digital y la mayor interacción de los padres e hijos.
EFECTO DE DIFERENTES TIEMPOS DE ALMACENAMIENTO EN FRÍO SOBRE ALGUNOS PARAMETROS DE Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias Henriot Y Neoseiulus californicus (PARASITIFORMES: PHYTOSEIIDAE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana De la Peña

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Los ácaros depredadores Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot y Neoseiulus californicus son controladores importantes de ácaros fitófagos utilizados en programas de producción masiva. El efecto sobre la sobrevivencia, longevidad, capacidad depredadora y fecundidad de estos depredadores fue estudiado después de almacenarlos a una temperatura de 8ºC y humedad relativa de 85+/-5% durante diferentes tiempos (siete, 14, 21, 28 y 35 días y comparado con depredadores no almacenados. Durante el tiempo de evaluación los depredadores fueron individualizados y mantenidos a una temperatura de 25°C y humedad relativa de 85+/-5%. La sobrevivencia, longevidad, capacidad depredadora y fecundidad presentada durante todo el periodo de evaluación de P. persimilis presento una disminución después de ser almacenados por 21 o mas días, al igual que la sobrevivencia y el consumo de presas de N. californicus Sin embargo, la longevidad y oviposición durante todo el periodo de evaluación para N. californicus se afecto después de ser almacenado por 28 o mas días. El consumo diario y fecundidad diaria de ambos depredadores no presentaron efecto con excepción del consumo diario de huevos por P. persimilis y el consumo diario de ninfas por N. californicus después de ser almacenados por 35 días. El efecto sobre el consumo y fecundidad es debido posiblemente al efecto que se presenta sobre la sobrevivencia y longevidad de ambos depredadores.
Single-event effects in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turflinger, T.L.

1996-01-01

Analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits are also susceptible to single-event effects, but they have rarely been tested. Analog circuit single-particle transients require modified test techniques and data analysis. Existing work is reviewed and future concerns are outlined
Efecto del ejercicio físico aeróbico sobre los niveles séricos de adiponectina y leptina en mujeres posmenopáusicas

OpenAIRE

Aranzález, Luz Helena; Mockus Sivickas, Ismena; Ramírez, Doris; Mancera, Erica; García, Óscar

2011-01-01

Antecedentes. Las variaciones de peso corporal se acompañan de modificaciones en los niveles circulantes de adipocinas como la adiponectina y la leptina. Durante la posmenopausia se presenta una tendencia al incremento de peso. Se recomienda ejercicio físico, que tiene efectos sobre tejido adiposo y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como parte del tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico controlado sobre los niveles séricos de ...
Words, Concepts, and the Geometry of Analogy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen McGregor

2016-08-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a geometric approach to the problem of modelling the relationship between words and concepts, focusing in particular on analogical phenomena in language and cognition. Grounded in recent theories regarding geometric conceptual spaces, we begin with an analysis of existing static distributional semantic models and move on to an exploration of a dynamic approach to using high dimensional spaces of word meaning to project subspaces where analogies can potentially be solved in an online, contextualised way. The crucial element of this analysis is the positioning of statistics in a geometric environment replete with opportunities for interpretation.
¿LA ESCUELA O LA CUNA? EVIDENCIAS SOBRE SU APORTACIÓN AL RENDIMIENTO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE AMÉRICA LATINA. ESTUDIO MULTINIVEL SOBRE LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS ESCOLARES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Javier Murillo Torrecilla

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este articulo muestra el proceso y resultados de una investigación que busca estimar la magnitud de efecto escolar en el rendimiento en Matemáticas y Lectura de estudiantes latinoamericanos de tercer y sexto grado de Primaria, y compararlo con el efecto del nivel cultural y socio económico de las familias. Para ello se realiza una explotación especial de los datos del Segundo Estudio Comparativo y Explicativo (SERCE de la OREALC/UNESCO con Modelos Multinivel de tres niveles. Entre sus resultados encuentra que el efecto escolar neto para el conjunto de América Latina se encuentra entre 17,6 y 22,3%, con grandes diferencias entre países, y que el efecto del nivel cultural y socio-económico ese encuentra entre el 10,8 y el 14,0%. Con ello se deduce la capacidad de la escuela para compensar las diferencias de origen.
Digital redesign of anti-wind-up controller for cascaded analog system.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Y S; Tsai, J S H; Shieh, L S; Moussighi, M M

2003-01-01

The cascaded conventional anti-wind-up (CAW) design method for integral controller is discussed. Then, the prediction-based digital redesign methodology is utilized to find the new pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) digital controller for effective digital control of the analog plant with input saturation constraint. The desired digital controller is determined from existing or pre-designed CAW analog controller. The proposed method provides a novel methodology for indirect digital design of a continuous-time unity output-feedback system with a cascaded analog controller as in the case of PID controllers for industrial control processes with the presence of actuator saturations. It enables us to implement an existing or pre-designed cascaded CAW analog controller via a digital controller effectively.
Analogies between Heavy Metal Music and the Symptoms of Mental Illness

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David G. Angeler

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This paper builds a link between isolated domains within the arts and sciences, specifically between music and psychiatry. An analogous model is presented that associates heavy metal music with bipolar disorder, a form of mental illness. Metal music consists of a variety of subgenres with distinct manifestations of song, rhythm, instrumentation, and vocal structure. These manifestations are analogous to the symptomatology of bipolar disorder, specifically the recurrent episodes of (hypomania and depression. Examples of songs are given which show these analogies. Besides creating a subjective link between apparently unconnected knowledge domains, these analogies could play a heuristic role in clinical applications and education about the disorder and mental illnesses at large.

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