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Sample records for analeptics

  1. Analeptic activity produced by TRH microinjection into basal forebrain area of the rat

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horita, A.; Carino, M.A.; Lai, H.

    1986-01-01

    Earlier, Kalivas and Horita demonstrated that the analeptic effect of TRH was mediated in part by cholinergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB). Since the MS-DBB constitutes part of the cholinergic basal forebrain system, the present study investigated whether the area designated as the n. basalis of Meynert (NBM) was also sensitive to TRH in producing an antipentobarbital effect. Saline or TRH (0.5 μl) was microinjected via bilateral stainless steel cannulae implanted stereotaxically into the NBM using the coordinates of Wenk et al. Accuracy of cannula placement was confirmed by histological examination. Rats treated with PB (40 mg/kg, i.p.) lost their righting reflex for 130 +/- 28 min. Intrabasalis injection of TRH (but not saline) in doses of 0.1-1.0 μg exerted analeptic activity as follows: 0.1 μg = 81 +/- 21 min; 0.5 μg = 65 +/- 19 min; 1.0 μg = 45 +/- 10 min. All of these doses exerted significant shortening of narcosis duration of pentobarbitalized rats. The analeptic effect of TRH was blocked by atropine pretreatment, indicating that it was mediated via cholinergic mechanisms. High affinity, sodium-dependent 3 H-choline uptake by cortical synaptosomes prepared from these animals was also increased by TRH. These results suggest that the cholinergic neurons of NBM are highly sensitive to TRH and contributes to the analeptic effect of TRH

  2. Microbial Diversity in the Gut of Cashew Stem Girdler, Analeptes trifasciata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyedokun, A V; Adeniyi, D O

    2016-01-01

    The cashew stem girdler, Analeptes trifasciata, is a major insect pest of cashew in Nigeria causing economic damage in cashew plantations even at low density. In this study, newly emerged adults of A. trifasciata reared from field-infested cashew stems were collected from the rearing cages, sexed, and dissected to reveal the internal structures of the insects. The gut was excised and separated into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The dissected gut compartments were blotted dry by sandwiching in sterile Whatman No. 1 (150 mm) filter paper for a minute. The inoculated gut parts showed the presence of eight fungi flora, namely, Aspergillus repens, Trichoderma spp., Fusarium verticillioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, yeast, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus stolonifer. The frequencies of occurrence of bacteria in the gut compartments of A. trifasciata were Enterobacter spp.: 83.33%; Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp.: 55.56% each; Staphylococcus spp.: 44.44%; Klebsiella pneumonia: 50% and Salmonella shigella: 11.11%, while each of Serratia marceascea, Pseudomonas spp., and Micrococcus lutea had 5.56% occurrence. The occurrence of mycoflora and microbiota species varied in the gut compartments of A. trifasciata, indicating the role of these microorganisms in metabolic and other bioprocesses of A. trifasciata during digestion and synthesis of complex food substances from the cashew stem substrate. This study would provide basic information for enzymatic studies of A. trifasciata with a view to developing an integrated pest management (IPM) protocol for managing the pest in cashew plantations.

  3. JOPAT [14th Edition - Jan to Dec 2009

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Secretary

    known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind. Natural products ... chemical composition of plant based medicines. The medicinal value of ... Cardiac, analeptic and anodyne ... cough, painful swelling and ulcers.

  4. high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in studies of Picrotoxanolides of Coriaria. Coryamyrtin

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    Luis Enrique Aguirre Galvis

    1987-01-01

    MAHz and 90 MHz of the analeptic sesquiterpene lactone coriamyrtin, isolated from the colombian plant Coriaria microphyUn, Poir., is discussed, and analogies are made with the spectra of authentic samples of picrotin and picrotoxinin.

  5. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE, PICROTOXIN, AND PENTYLENETETRAZOL ON HIPPOCAMPAL AFTERDISCHARGE ACTIVITY AND WET DOG SHAKES (JOURNAL VERSION)

    Science.gov (United States)

    The present experiment was conducted to identify changes in hippocampal after discharge (AD) parameters following administration of subconvulsant dosages (half of the convulsant dosage) of analeptics with known pharmacological action. Long Evans rats (N=104) with chronic bipolar ...

  6. The nutritional value of fourteen species of edible insects in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Seventeen species of edible insects representing nine families from south western Nigeria were analyzed for nutrient composition. They include the orders of Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Isoptera. Analeptes trifasciata, Rhynchophorus phoenicis and Zonocerus variegatus has the highest crude ...

  7. Author Details

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Entomological survey and biodiversity conservation in the Madeleine Island Park of Senegal: Analeptes trifasciata (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a threat to the insular baobab. Abstract PDF · Vol 6, No 4 (2012) - Articles Urban agriculture in Senegal: effect of wastewater on the agronomical performance and hygienic quality ...

  8. The study of the effect of 5-(4-(tret-butylphenyl-4-R-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols on the duration of thiopental-sodium narcosis for laboratory rats

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    I. I. Aksyonova-Seliuk

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of the work was to investigate the effect of 5-(4-(tret-butylphenyl-4-R-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols on the duration of thiopental-sodium narcosis for laboratory rats and to identify the regularities of the dependence “chemical structure – biological effect”. Materials and methods. The objects of research were 15 new compounds, derivatives of 4-amino-5-(4-(tret-butylphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols. These compounds are the crystal substances which are odorless, insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. The combined reception and interaction of the compounds with anesthetic agents for rats were considered. The time of the anesthetic thiopental sodium narcosis was marked by the time while the animal was in lateral position, since losing reversal’s reflex. Aminazine and caffeine-sodium benzoate (10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were used as a standard of comparison. Results and discussion. In the study we have found that 5-(4-(tret-butylphenyl-4-R-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols exhibit different effects – deprimo action or analeptic action. For example, the presence of fluorine in the structure of compound contributes to some analeptic activity and vice versa the transition to disubstituted fluoride molecules causes small deprimo action. However the presence of chlorine leads to the appearance of clear raising to a higher power actions regarding to sodium thiopental, that is more than standard of comparison – aminazine. It is interesting to observe the activity change of a series of nitro containing compounds. Conclusions. The leader compound has been identified among the investigated compounds. It exceeds the standard of comparing (aminazine by indexes. Some regularities “chemical structure – biological effect” have been established. These results can be used in the future for targeted search of substances with analeptic or deprimo activity.

  9. Posterior reversible encephalopathy with late postpartum eclampsia and short-term memory loss: a case report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gimovsky, Martin L; Guzman, Guillermo M; Koscica, Karen L; Nazir, Munir A; Ross, Diane E

    2010-01-01

    Late postpartum eclampsia is more frequently recognized than past reports indicate. This report describes the association of a reversible encephalopathy in a woman with late postpartum eclampsia. A woman with lupus nephritis presented 7 days postpartum with eclampsia. Postseizure findings included dramatic short-term memory loss. Although a computed tomography scan was negative, subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated vascular changes associated with a reversible encephalopathy. Conservative treatment with analeptic and antihypertensive therapy allowed a rapid resolution of all symptomatology. In women with eclampsia and unusual neurologic findings, an MRI/MRA may be useful even in the presence of a negative computed tomography scan.

  10. Linear motion feed through with thin wall rubber sealing element

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mikhailov, V. P.; Deulin, E. A.

    2017-07-01

    The patented linear motion feedthrough is based on elastic thin rubber walls usage being reinforced with analeptic string fixed in the middle part of the walls. The pneumatic or hydro actuators create linear movement of stock. The length of this movement is two times more the rubber wall length. This flexible wall is a sealing element of feedthrough. The main advantage of device is negligible resistance force that is less then mentioned one in sealing bellows that leads to positioning error decreasing. Nevertheless, the thin wall rubber sealing element (TRE) of the feedthrough is the main unreliable element that was the reason of this element longevity research. The theory and experimental results help to create equation for TRE longevity calculation under vacuum or extra high pressure difference action. The equation was used for TRE longevity determination for hydraulic or vacuum equipment realization also as it helps for gas flow being leaking through the cracks in thin walls of rubber sealing element of linear motion feedthrough calculation.

  11. A BARBITURATE ANTIDOTE—Use of Methylethylglutarimide in Barbiturate Intoxication and in Terminating Barbiturate Anesthesia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marmer, Milton J.

    1959-01-01

    Methylethylglutarimide was administered to 488 patients ranging in age from 7 to 89 years, in a study on sleep-reversal after harbiturate anesthesia. Sodium surital or sodium pentothal were the barbiturates used. The drug was administered intravenously in doses varying from 25 to 200 mg. Dosage below 25 mg. was found to be ineffective. Almost all patients showed signs of awakening as evidenced by the return of corneal and conjunctival reflexes, the opening of the eyes, and stirring or moving about. Many responded to questioning. Almost all showed evidence of greater responsiveness within five minutes. No untoward reactions were noted. No convulsions were produced. Five patients ranging in age from 24 to 70 years were treated for barbiturate poisoning with Mikedimide® given intravenously in doses varying from 550 mg. to 1950 mg. All recovered consciousness within 30 minutes to an hour. No convulsions were produced. While it is not known whether Mikedimide is a direct barbiturate antagonist, or whether it is an analeptic, it appears to be a useful drug in reversing the respiratory depression and the cerebral depression produced by harbiturate intoxication and barbiturate anesthesia. PMID:14421358

  12. Acanthopanax senticosus extracts have a protective effect on Drosophila gut immunity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Wenjia; Luo, Qiuxiang; Jin, Li Hua

    2013-03-07

    Aanthopanax senticosus (A. senticosus) Harms is a classical adaptogenic agent used in China. It has been applied as an analeptic aid to improve weakened physical status. However, little is known about the effects of A. senticosus on inflammatory disease processes. Flies fed with standard cornmeal-yeast medium were used as controls, and the treatment groups contained 10% of A. senticosus aqueous extracts (root or fruit) in standard medium. Survival rate was performed by feeding a vial containing five layers of filter paper hydrated with 5% sucrose solution contaminated with pathogenic or toxic compounds. Imaging of the guts was viewed under the microscope. Death cells were detected by 7-AAD staining. The A. senticosus extract improved the survival rate, attenuated the death of intestinal epithelial cells, promoted the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes, and decreased the formation of melanotic masses. Moreover, our results indicated that the protective effect of fruit is much higher than that of root extracts. A. senticosus extracts have a protective effect on Drosophila gut immunity and stress response, and may contribute to the prevention of inflammatory diseases induced by pathogenic and toxic compounds. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. PHARMACOTHERAPY ANALYSIS OF ACUTE ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN HOSPITALS OF VARIOUS TYPES

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    R. M. Magdeev

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Aim. To evaluate pharmacotherapy of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI in cardiology departments of Saratov hospitals of various types. Material and methods. The retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study was carried out with involved of 424 hospital charts of STEMI patients, discharged during the year from the cardiology department of Saratov municipal hospital (MH; n=216 and emergency cardiology department of Saratov clinical hospital (CH; n=208. Results. The real practice in the audited hospitals are not fully consistent with current guidelines for the STEMI patients management. The relationship between guidelines compliance and hospital type is clearly seen. Doctors in MH in comparison with them in CH more often prescribed respiratory analeptics (13.4% vs 5.3% , respectively, metabolic drugs (63.4% vs 37.5%, respectively and rarer used beta-blockers (50% vs 88.9%, respectively and thrombolytic therapy (3.7% vs 51%, respectively. In MH dipyridamole was used in 9.6% of patients as an alternative to the acetylsalicylic acid, and clopidogrel was not prescribed. At the same hospital clotting time was determined for monitoring of heparin therapy. Statins were rare used in both hospitals (26% in MH vs 40% in CH. Conclusion. The real clinical practice of STEMI patients management in Saratov hospitals are not completely consistent with current clinical guidelines. There are differences in STEMI patients therapy depending on hospital type.

  14. Microbial Diversity in the Gut of Cashew Stem Girdler, Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, in Ibadan, Nigeria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.V. Oyedokun

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The cashew stem girdler, Analeptes trifasciata , is a major insect pest of cashew in Nigeria causing economic damage in cashew plantations even at low density. In this study, newly emerged adults of A. trifasciata reared from field-infested cashew stems were collected from the rearing cages, sexed, and dissected to reveal the internal structures of the insects. The gut was excised and separated into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The dissected gut compartments were blotted dry by sandwiching in sterile Whatman No. 1 (150 mm filter paper for a minute. The inoculated gut parts showed the presence of eight fungi flora, namely, Aspergillus repens, Trichoderma spp., Fusarium verticillioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae , yeast, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus stolonifer . The frequencies of occurrence of bacteria in the gut compartments of A. trifasciata were Enterobacter spp.: 83.33%; Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp.: 55.56% each; Staphylococcus spp.: 44.44%; Klebsiella pneumonia : 50% and Salmonella shigella : 11.11%, while each of Serratia marceascea, Pseudomonas spp., and Micrococcus lutea had 5.56% occurrence. The occurrence of mycoflora and microbiota species varied in the gut compartments of A. trifasciata , indicating the role of these microorganisms in metabolic and other bioprocesses of A. trifasciata during digestion and synthesis of complex food substances from the cashew stem substrate. This study would provide basic information for enzymatic studies of A. trifasciata with a view to developing an integrated pest management (IPM protocol for managing the pest in cashew plantations.

  15. Piracetam and TRH analogues antagonise inhibition by barbiturates, diazepam, melatonin and galanin of human erythrocyte D-glucose transport

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naftalin, Richard J; Cunningham, Philip; Afzal-Ahmed, Iram

    2004-01-01

    Nootropic drugs increase glucose uptake into anaesthetised brain and into Alzheimer's diseased brain. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, which has a chemical structure similar to nootropics increases cerebellar uptake of glucose in murine rolling ataxia. This paper shows that nootropic drugs like piracetam (2-oxo 1 pyrrolidine acetamide) and levetiracetam and neuropeptides like TRH antagonise the inhibition of glucose transport by barbiturates, diazepam, melatonin and endogenous neuropeptide galanin in human erythrocytes in vitro. The potencies of nootropic drugs in opposing scopolamine-induced memory loss correlate with their potencies in antagonising pentobarbital inhibition of erythrocyte glucose transport in vitro (Pnootropics, D-levetiracetam and D-pyroglutamate, have higher antagonist Ki's against pentobarbital inhibition of glucose transport than more potent L-stereoisomers (Pnootropics, like aniracetam and levetiracetam, while antagonising pentobarbital action, also inhibit glucose transport. Analeptics like bemigride and methamphetamine are more potent inhibitors of glucose transport than antagonists of hypnotic action on glucose transport. There are similarities between amino-acid sequences in human glucose transport protein isoform 1 (GLUT1) and the benzodiazepine-binding domains of GABAA (gamma amino butyric acid) receptor subunits. Mapped on a 3D template of GLUT1, these homologies suggest that the site of diazepam and piracetam interaction is a pocket outside the central hydrophilic pore region. Nootropic pyrrolidone antagonism of hypnotic drug inhibition of glucose transport in vitro may be an analogue of TRH antagonism of galanin-induced narcosis. PMID:15148255

  16. SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER-SOLUBLE 3-BENZYLXANTHINE DERIVATIVES

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    K. V. Аleksandrova

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Introduction Nowadays, research of novel biological active compounds with low toxicity, are carried out among different classes of organic compounds of natural and synthetic genesis. One of the main ways of these studies is search of water-soluble compounds – convenient objects for pharmacological researches. In recent years researchers paid attention to xanthine derivatives, because of their high variativity of possible chemical modification and ability to form different salts with wide spectrum of biological action. Thus, among water-soluble xanthine derivatives were found compounds with pronounced antioxidant, diuretic and analeptic properties. Primary methods of obtaining water-soluble xanthine derivatives are direct interaction of bases with xanthine molecule or insertion basic or acidic residues in positions 7 or 8 of xanthine bicycle. According from the above, search of biologically active compounds among water-soluble substituted xanthines is prospective and actual. The aim of the study was development of synthetic ways of obtaining novel water-soluble derivatives of 3-benzyl-8-methylxanthine and studying their physical and chemical properties. Material and methods Melting points of obtained compounds were determined by capillary method on PTP (M device. ІR-spectra of synthesized compounds were recorded on the Bruker Alpha device (company «Bruker» – Germany on 4000-400 sm-1 with using console ATR (direct insertion of compound. 1Н NMR-spectra were recorded on the Varian Mercury VX-200 device (company «Varian» – USA solvent – (DMSO-d6, internal standart – ТМС. Elemental analysis was made on Elementar Vario L cube device. Chromatoraphic studies were made on the plates Sorbfil-AFV-UV (company «Sobrpolimer» –Russia. Systhems for chromatography: «acetone-propanol-2» in ratio 2:3, «propanol-2-benzene» in ratio 10:1 and exersized in UV-light in wave 200-300 nm. Results and discussion We developed methodic of synthesis

  17. Vladimir Prelog i Zavod za organsku kemiju

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    Jakopčić, K.

    2007-03-01

    -operation from the small but prosperous pharmaceutical company "Kaštel" in Zagreb. On behalf of the agreement, Prelog and his department obtained funds to fit up the laboratory and to start very prosperous research in the synthesis and studies of pharmaceutically interesting compounds. With his assistants, students and other collaborators, Prelog started research of cinchona bark alkaloids, preferentially oriented to the synthesis of quinine. For example, Prelog's method of double intramolecular alkylation to synthetize the quinuclidine moiety of quinine was patented by "Kaštel". With R. Seiwerth he developed the first useful synthesis of adamantane. Prelog's group started research in the field of sulphonamides and commercial success of "Streptazole" stimulated the development of the research laboratories within "Kaštel". The collaboration in the research continued in fields of other chemotherapeutics, analeptics, spasmolitics, barbiturates etc. Within the period 1935-1941, Prelog published 48 scientific papers and 8 patents. In less than seven years, his results enormously influenced the entire organic chemistry in Zagreb till nowadays. Under the confused and uncertain circumstances caused by the beginning of World War II, Prelog left Zagreb in 1941 and continued his extraordinary scientific career at the ETH in Zürich.During the war (1942-1945 the tuition and the Department were run by Dr. Rativoj Seiwerth, former collaborator and first assistant to V. Prelog. In almost unbelievable conditions, the young assistant, then assistant professor (since January 1943, R. Seiwerth fully succeeded in continuing most activities founded by Professor Prelog. After the war (1945, R. Seiwerth was forced to resign. Nevertheless, soon after R. Seiwerth continued his research work, firstly in the Institute for Industrial Research in Zagreb (1946-1952, and later in the Research Institute of "Pliva" in Zagreb. He retired in 1980.In post-war conditions (1945/46, the activity of the Technical