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Sample records for americana na quantificacao

  1. EFICÁCIA DA FONOFORESE COM XIMENIA AMERICANA L. NA INFLAMAÇÃO DE TENDÃO DE RATOS

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    Seânia Santos Leal

    Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução: Diversos recursos terapêuticos, como laser e ultrassom isolado, combinados com fármacos e fonoforese têm sido utilizados em casos de inflamação e reparo de tendão, sendo o ultrassom pulsado bastante eficaz em tendinites crônicas. Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia do uso da fonoforese com o extrato etanólico das cascas do caule da Ximenia americana L. na resolução do processo inflamatório crônico em Rattus norvegicus. Métodos: A amostra consistiu em 120 animais para análise da resposta inflamatória, utilizando-se como variáveis edema, força biomecânica, número de fibroblastos e análise histológica. Resultados: Nos 7° e no 14° dia, verificou-se diferença significativa entre o grupo ultrassom com gel do caule de Ximenia americana L. e o grupo ultrassom com placebo (p < 0,05 quanto à redução de edema, aumento da força máxima de ruptura, redução extremamente significativa da deformação máxima (p < 0,001, além de aumento dos fibroblastos. Na análise histológica, houve melhora do processo inflamatório inicial e aceleração do reparo tendíneo, com redução de células inflamatórias e com deposição de colágeno organizado com matriz extracelular densa. Conclusão: O ultrassom pulsado combinado com o gel do caule de Ximenia americana L. é uma forma terapêutica eficaz para a resolução do processo inflamatório crônico.

  2. Aspectos epidemiológicos da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no município de Juína, Mato Grosso, Brasil = Epidemiological aspects of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the city of Juína, Mato Grosso state, Brazil

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    França, Eduardo Luzia

    2009-01-01

    Conclusões: a análise dos dados revelou que a Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana é uma parasitose importante no município de Juína. Os dados sugerem relação com a atividade laboral e um perfil de transmissão predominantemente silvestre, o que deve ser levado em conta ao definir medidas de controle da doença na região

  3. Periods and dry environments in the seeds quality of Genipa americana L.Períodos e ambientes de secagem na qualidade de sementes de Genipa americana L.

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    Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Genipa americana L. is a tropical tree belonging to Rubiaceae family, providing fruit that are consumed in natura and is being increasingly explored as raw material to liquor, wine, soft drink and also the use of white wood for making various products. The seeds drying this species can be made using natural and or artificial methods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of natural drying, in different periods and ambient, in the physiological quality of Genipa americana seeds. Seeds were submitted to the determination of moisture content after processing and drying of each period (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. To evaluate the effects of ambient (laboratory and greenhouse and drying periods were performed the following tests: emergence in greenhouse, emergence speed index, seedling length and dry weight. Drying seed genipa can be done in a greenhouse (temperature of 33°C with relative humidity of 70% for 24 hours or laboratory environment (temperature of 28°C with relative humidity of 75% for 48 hours without compromising the physiological quality.Genipa americana L. é uma árvore tropical, pertencente à família Rubiaceae, fornece frutos que são consumidos in natura e vem sendo explorada cada vez mais como matéria-prima de licor, vinho, refresco e também o uso da madeira branca para confecção de vários produtos. A secagem de sementes dessa espécie pode ser feita pelo método natural e/ou artificial. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da secagem natural, em diferentes ambientes e períodos, na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de Genipa americana. As sementes foram submetidas à determinação do teor de água após o beneficiamento em cada período de secagem (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 e 168 horas. Para a avaliação do efeito dos ambientes (laboratório e ambiente telado e períodos de secagem foram realizados os seguintes testes: emergência em ambiente telado, índice de

  4. Genipa americana: prospecção tecnológica

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    Selma Maria Santos Moura

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available O jenipapo é uma árvore alta (10 a 15 metros, encontrada em regiões de clima tropical úmido, comum no nordeste brasileiro. Seu nome científico é Genipa americana L., jenipapo vem do Tupi-guarani jandipap, que significa fruto que serve para pintar. Apresenta caule reto, folhas verde-escuras, flores amarelo-ouro e o fruto na forma de baga ovoide, possui polpa marrom clara que envolve sementes no centro. Na alimentação humana, seu fruto é comestível ao natural e no preparo de doces, refrescos e vinho. É rico em ferro, vitaminas B1, B2, B5 e C, cálcio e hidratos de carbono. Na cultura popular têm indicações medicinais para o tratamento de afecções. Quando verde, o fruto fornece um suco azul muito utilizado como corante, transparente a princípio, o qual torna-se preto quando oxida, apresenta consistência do nanquim e no corpo, em contato com a pele, deixa manchas que desaparecem após uma semana ou mais, espontaneamente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a prospecção tecnológica com relação à Genipa americana L., para apresentar uma visão geral sobre as tecnologias desenvolvidas relacionadas ao tema. Para isso realizou-se uma busca de patentes nas bases do European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office e no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial. Utilizando a palavra-chave Genipa americana L. foram registradas 88 patentes, quando acrescido à especificação corante encontrou-se 5 e nenhuma quando utilizou-se Genipa americana L. e célula. O Brasil registrou um número de patentes inferior ao encontrado nos USA e no Japão, sendo os anos de 2010, 2011 e 2015 os que apresentaram maior número. Ações integradas devem ser realizadas para estimular as instituições de fomento à pesquisa no intuito de viabilizar um ambiente propício à geração de inovações, fazendo do Brasil um país mais competitivo do ponto de vista tecnológico.  

  5. Ações afirmativas na Educação Superior: o que acadêmicos brasileiros podem aprender da experiência americana = Affirmative action in Higher Education: what Brazilian academics can learn from the American experience

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    Somers, Patricia

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discute a história das ações afirmativas na educação dos Estados Unidos, da filosofia das ações afirmativas e do mérito do discurso para a educação, bem como reflete sobre a experiência americana. Refere-se, também, ao acesso à Educação Superior de jovens provenientes de classes minoritárias, brasileira e americana, examinado a importância da conexão da educação e da qualidade de vida. Chama atenção, ainda, para as relações que podem ser feitas pela educação brasileira, considerando a experiência americana

  6. Mito e sociedade na literatura latino-americana: Neruda, Carpentier, Bolaño

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    Pedro Dolabela Chagas

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Discussão sobre a problemática identitária na literatura latino-americana: a sua associação oitocentista à representação da natureza e da paisagem social; a sua longa duração entre os séculos XIX e XX; a sua politização pela dicotomia entre a América Latina e o Centro representado pela Europa e pelos EUA. A construção da identidade como produção de mitos: como construção de passados úteis, valoração positiva ou negativa do presente, projeção de futuros possíveis. A presença do mito em Canto geral, de Pablo Neruda; a sua recusa em 2666, de Roberto Bolaño; discussão sobre as razões desta recusa: a concentração no presente em detrimento da projeção do futuro. Localização de um tensionamento embrionário do mito identitário em Os passos perdidos, de Alejo Carpentier: discussão sobre os termos de orientação deste tensionamento e a diferença que ele produzia em relação à história anterior do romance latino-americano. Sugestão do fechamento recente da época histórica dominada pela problemática identitária na narrativa latino-americana.Palavras-chave: Pablo Neruda; Alejo Carpentier; Roberto Bolaño; romance latino-americano; mito e identidade. Abstract: The problematic of identity representation in Latin- American literature: its 19th Century association to the representation of nature and the social landscape; its long duration in the 19th and 20th Centuries; its politicization through the dichotomy between Latin America and a Center represented by Europe and the USA. Identity construction as a production of myths: as a construction of usable pasts, as a positive or negative evaluation of the present, as a projection of possible futures. The presence of myth in Pablo Neruda’s Canto general; its rejection in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666; the possible reasons of this rejection: a concentration in the present in detriment of the future. Location of an embrionary tensioning of the identity myths

  7. Polysaccharide rich fractions from barks of Ximenia americana inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception in mice Antinociceptive effect of Ximenia americana polysaccharide rich fractions

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    Kaira E.S. da Silva-Leite

    Full Text Available Abstract Ximenia americana L., Olacaceae, barks are utilized in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity and antinociceptive effect of polysaccharides rich fractions from X. americana barks. The fractions were obtained by extraction with NaOH, followed by precipitation with ethanol and fractionation by ion exchange chromatography. They were administered i.v. or p.o. before nociception tests (writhing, formalin, carragenan-induced hypernociception, hot plate, or during 14 days for toxicity assay. The total polysaccharides fraction (TPL-Xa: 8.1% yield presented 43% carbohydrate (21% uronic acid and resulted in two main fractions after chromatography (FI: 12%, FII: 22% yield. FII showed better homogeneity/purity, content of 44% carbohydrate, including 39% uronic acid, arabinose and galactose as major monosaccharides, and infrared spectra with peaks in carbohydrate range for COO- groups of uronic acid. TPL-Xa (10 mg/kg and FII (0.1 and 1 mg/kg presented inhibitory effect in behavior tests that evaluate nociception induced by chemical and mechanical, but not thermal stimuli. TPL-Xa did not alter parameters of systemic toxicity. In conclusion, polysaccharides rich fractions of X. americana barks inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception, being well tolerated by animals.

  8. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro: I. investigação epidemiolôgica clínica e laboratorial

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    Nelson A. Araújo Filho

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores descrevem pela primeira vez a ocorrência de uma epidemia de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTAI na localidade de Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande, município de Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, situada a 17 Km do continente. Em uma população de 453 pessoas examinadas, foram encontrados 33 casos de LTA, sendo 13 lesões em atividade e 20 cicatrizes. Entre os 33 casos, 30 eram autóctones da área de estudo. A doença ocorria há mais de 10 anos na Praia Vermelha, e, na Ilha Grande, há mais de 30 anos, sob a forma de casos esporádicos. Na Praia Vermelha, no período de 1974 a 1976, ocorreu uma epidemia com 27 casos da doença. A L TA, na Praia Vermelha, assume características de transmissão em ambiente domiciliar, atingindo indivíduos indistintamente, sem relação com sexo, idade ou profissão. Predominou a forma ulcerada, em extremidades do corpo com ocorrência de cura espontânea das lesões e não comprometimento das mucosas; um hamster entre 10 inoculados com material de lesão de caso humano desenvolveu, após 4 meses, lesão de focinho com resultados positivos para LTA.

  9. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande. Rio de Janeiro: V. Observações sobre a biologia dos transmissores em condiçoes naturais

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    Nelson A. de Araújo Filho

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Durante um surto de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA na Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande, município de Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados 4.192 exemplares de flebotomíneos em ambiente domiciliar e silvestre, com isca animal e outros abrigos naturais, durante o período de janeiro de 1976 a abril de 1977. Entre o total de 11 espécies coletadas encontraram-se 2.493 exemplares de Lutzomyia intermedia, 1.594 de Lutzomyia migonei e 105 exemplares de outras espécies. A L. intermedia apresentou densidade mais elevada no domicílio humano, enquanto a L. migonei apresentou coletas mais rendosas com iscas animais e galinheiros. O sinantropismo e a elevada densidade no ambiente domiciliar incriminam as espécies L. intermedia e L. migonei como as prováveis vetoras da LTA na Ilha Grande.

  10. Modelos de educação geral na experiência universitária americana

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    José Camilo dos Santos Filho

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2010v3n1p57   Em conseqüência da descentralização e da flexibilidade do sistema de educação superior e da grande autonomia das instituições universitárias nos Estados Unidos, não há obrigação legal de adoção de um programa de educação geral comum ou padrão para todo o país ou para todo um Estado da Federação. Por um lado, as instituições gozam de ampla liberdade e autonomia para conceberem seus programas de educação geral, o que tem levado a uma considerável variedade de abordagens institucionais da educação geral. Por outro lado, esse processo não impositivo tem levado ao longo do tempo a uma progressiva homogeneização básica de pressuposições e padrões semelhantes, mediante o processo de imitação dos programas das instituições de maior prestígio nacional. Robert Newton (2000 destaca esse caráter descentralizador e flexível da educação superior americana e a existência de quase tantos programas de educação geral quantos são os `colleges` e universidades do país. No entanto, acredita que, descartando-se os detalhes desses programas, podem emergir certas pressuposições e padrões esclarecedores. Desse modo, Newton propõe três abordagens que, no seu entender, podem fornecer um contexto para o planejamento, a compreensão e o aprimoramento de programas de educação geral. Os três modelos de educação geral dominantes atualmente nas universidades e ´colleges´ americanos são: o modelo centrado na disciplina acadêmica, o centrado nos Grandes Livros e o centrado na formação do cidadão efetivo. O propósito deste trabalho é analisar esses três modelos de educação geral adotados por essas instituições, destacando suas raízes históricas e as características básicas de cada um, à luz dos princípios subjacentes aos programas de educação geral. Cabe salientar que a discussão teórica e a prática efetiva de mais de cem anos de educação geral

  11. Effects of simulated acid rain on leaf anatomy and micromorphology of Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae

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    Bruno Francisco Sant'Anna-Santos

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Experiments were conducted in order to characterize the injuries on leaf structure and micromorphology of G. americana and evaluate the degree of susceptibility of this species to simulated acid rain. Plants were exposed to acid rain (pH 3.0 for ten consecutive days. Control plants were submitted only to distilled water (pH 6.0. Leaf tissue was sampled and fixed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Necrotic interveinal spots on the leaf blade occurred. Epidermis and mesophyll cells collapse, hypertrophy of spongy parenchyma cells, accumulation of phenolic compounds and starch grains were observed in leaves exposed to acid rain. The micromorphological analysis showed, in necrotic areas, plasmolized guard cells and cuticle rupture. Epidermal and mesophyll cells alterations occurred before symptoms were visualized in the leaves. These results showed the importance of anatomical data for precocious diagnosis injury and to determine the sensitivity of G. americana to acid rain.Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o grau de susceptibilidade e determinar as injúrias causadas pela chuva ácida simulada na anatomia e micromorfologia foliar de Genipa americana. Plantas foram expostas à chuva com pH 3,0 durante 10 dias consecutivos. No tratamento controle utilizou-se apenas água destilada (pH 6,0. Amostras foliares foram coletadas e fixadas para microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Foram observados nas folhas expostas à chuva ácida: necroses pontuais intervenais, colapso das células do mesofilo e da epiderme; hipertrofia do parênquima lacunoso e acúmulo de compostos fenólicos e grãos de amido. A análise micromorfológica evidenciou, nas áreas necrosadas, plasmólise das células-guarda e ruptura da cutícula e da crista estomática. Alterações anatômicas ocorreram antes que sintomas visuais fossem observados nas folhas. Estes resultados comprovam a importância de dados anatômicos na diagnose precoce da injúria e na

  12. Morfoanatomia de folha e caule de Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae

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    Marianna Erbano

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Genipa americana L., conhecida como jenipapo, é uma Rubiaceae nativa do Brasil e as suas folhas são utilizadas pela população como antidiarreico e febrífugo, e o caule como anti-hemorrágico, contra luxações e contusões. Com o objetivo de caracterizar macro e microscopicamente folhas adultas e caules jovens para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico, essa planta medicinal foi analisada segundo a metodologia clássica de morfoanatomia vegetal. Genipa americana apresenta folhas simples, opostas, de formato obovado a oblanceolado e pecíolos curtos. A epiderme foliar é uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula delgada e levemente estriada. Os estômatos são paracíticos e restritos à superfície abaxial. Há tricomas tectores uni e pluricelulares predominantemente na superfície abaxial. O mesofilo é dorsiventral. Em secção transversal, a nervura central é plano-convexa e o pecíolo é circular, ambos apresentando um feixe vascular colateral em disposição cilíndrica e outros menores. O caule possui felogênio localizado nas camadas subepidérmicas, colênquima anelar e um cilindro floemático externo ao de xilema, sendo ambos percorridos por raios parenquimáticos estreitos. Ocorrem idioblastos contendo compostos fenólicos, areia cristalina e drusas de oxalato de cálcio na folha e no caule.

  13. Ewingella Americana: An Emerging True Pathogen

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    Syed Hassan

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Infections caused by Ewingella americana have been rarely reported in the literature. Most of the cases that have been reported were among the immunocompromised patients. We report a case of E. americana causing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a previous intravenous drug abuser. The causative pathogen was identified by synovial fluid analysis and culture.

  14. Multi-drug resistant Ewingella Americana

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    Bukhari, Syed Z.; Ashshi, Ahmad M.; Hussain, Waleed M.; Fatani, Mohammad I.

    2008-01-01

    We report a case of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant Ewingella Americana in a young patient admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia with severe head injury in a road traffic accident. He was an Indonesian pilgrim who had traveled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj in December 2007. Ewingella Americana was identified to be the pathogen of pneumonia with clinical signs and symptoms along with positive radiological findings. (author)

  15. Agave Americana Leaf Fibers

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    Ashish Hulle

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The growing environmental problems, the problem of waste disposal and the depletion of non-renewable resources have stimulated the use of green materials compatible with the environment to reduce environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a need to design products by using natural resources. Natural fibers seem to be a good alternative since they are abundantly available and there are a number of possibilities to use all the components of a fiber-yielding crop; one such fiber-yielding plant is Agave Americana. The leaves of this plant yield fibers and all the parts of this plant can be utilized in many applications. The “zero-waste” utilization of the plant would enable its production and processing to be translated into a viable and sustainable industry. Agave Americana fibers are characterized by low density, high tenacity and high moisture absorbency in comparison with other leaf fibers. These fibers are long and biodegradable. Therefore, we can look this fiber as a sustainable resource for manufacturing and technical applications. Detailed discussion is carried out on extraction, characterization and applications of Agave Americana fiber in this paper.

  16. Morfoanatomia de folha e caule de Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae Leaf and stem morpho-anatomy of Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae

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    Marianna Erbano

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Genipa americana L., conhecida como jenipapo, é uma Rubiaceae nativa do Brasil e as suas folhas são utilizadas pela população como antidiarreico e febrífugo, e o caule como anti-hemorrágico, contra luxações e contusões. Com o objetivo de caracterizar macro e microscopicamente folhas adultas e caules jovens para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico, essa planta medicinal foi analisada segundo a metodologia clássica de morfoanatomia vegetal. Genipa americana apresenta folhas simples, opostas, de formato obovado a oblanceolado e pecíolos curtos. A epiderme foliar é uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula delgada e levemente estriada. Os estômatos são paracíticos e restritos à superfície abaxial. Há tricomas tectores uni e pluricelulares predominantemente na superfície abaxial. O mesofilo é dorsiventral. Em secção transversal, a nervura central é plano-convexa e o pecíolo é circular, ambos apresentando um feixe vascular colateral em disposição cilíndrica e outros menores. O caule possui felogênio localizado nas camadas subepidérmicas, colênquima anelar e um cilindro floemático externo ao de xilema, sendo ambos percorridos por raios parenquimáticos estreitos. Ocorrem idioblastos contendo compostos fenólicos, areia cristalina e drusas de oxalato de cálcio na folha e no caule.Genipa americana L., known as jenipapo, is a Rubiaceae species native to Brazil. Its leaves are used by the population as anti-diarrheic and febrifuge, and its stem as anti-hemorrhagic and for trauma injuries. Aiming to identify macro and microscopically mature leaves and young stems for the pharmacognostic quality control, this medicinal plant was investigated according to standard morpho-anatomical techniques. The leaves are simple, opposite, obovate-oblanceolate, presenting short petiole. The epidermis is uniseriate and coated with thin and slightly striate cuticle. The stomata are paracytic and restricted to the abaxial surface. It

  17. Um olhar sistêmico sobre a crise norte-americana

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    CHRISTIAN CARVALHO GANZERT

    Full Text Available RESUMO No contexto contemporâneo, a economia global pode ser descrita como um sistema baseado em agentes que, quando associados, manifestam seus próprios meios e fins. A crise das hipotecas subprime nos Estados Unidos é um bom exemplo das implicações desse tipo de relacionamento. Ela está diretamente relacionada a poderosos laços de realimentação, compostos por uma série de variáveis que amplificaram o fato de as famílias americanas terem se endividado em ritmo maior do que a sua distribuição de riqueza, prejudicada pela externalização da produção. Há atualmente uma nova estrutura na economia internacional, em que as ex-nações subdesenvolvidas estão mais bem posicionadas no cenário macroeconômico e têm maior poder do que antes - uma consequência do necessário rearranjo sistêmico. Diante dessa complexa dinâmica, a função de inteligência que deveria controlar e garantir a estabilidade sistêmica falhou em perceber a dinâmica e os impactos da nova cultura atrelada ao comportamento do capital contemporâneo, para evitar a perda da hegemonia. Observando-se ex post facto, por meio de um enfoque sistêmico, a crise econômica americana pode ser definida como tendo suas raízes nas premissas de todo o arcabouço cultural da globalização que acabou por conduzir à externalização da produção. Assim, o contexto sistêmico desta análise aponta que a cultura, como importante gerador e amplificador, deve ser o principal foco dos intentos de análise do atual contexto socioeconômico global.

  18. Iridoids from leaf extract of Genipa americana

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    Jovelina S.F. Alves

    Full Text Available Abstract Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae, is a plant native from Brazil popularly known as “jenipapo”. Two iridoids, 1-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl-1,4aH,5H,7aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde (1, and iridoid 7-(hydroxymethyl-1-methoxy-1H,4aH,5H,7aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde (2 were isolated and identified in the leaf extract of G. americana. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified for the first time in G. americana, and 1 has not been yet described in literature. These substances were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, high resolution mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C 1D; as well as 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, the presence of flavonoids was detected by a preliminary analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography.

  19. Genipa americana L.: technological prospecting

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    Selma Maria Santos Moura

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Genipap is a tall tree (10 to 15 meters, found in humid tropical regions, common in brazilian northeastern. Its scientific name is Genipa americana L., jenipapo comes from the Tupi-Guarani jandipap, which means fruit that serves to paint. It features straight stem, dark green leaves, golden-yellow flowers and fruit in the form of ovoid berry, has light brown pulp surrounding seeds in the center. In food, its fruit is edible natural and in the preparation of sweets, soft drinks and wine. It is rich in iron, vitamins B1, B2, B5 and C, calcium and carbohydrates. In popular culture have medicinal indications for the treatment of diseases. When green, the fruit provides a blue juice widely used as a colorant, transparent at first, which becomes black when oxidized, has consistency of ink and body in contact with the skin, it leaves stains that disappear after a week or more spontaneously. The objective of this research was to carry out technology foresight regarding Genipa americana L., to present an overview of the technologies developed related to the theme. For that held a patent search on the basis of the European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office and the National Institute of Industrial Property. Using the Genipa americana L. keyword were registered 88 patents, when added the word dye 5 patent were found and no request when the search was conducted using Genipa americana L. and cell. Brazil recorded a lower number of patents found in the USA and Japan, with the years 2010, 2011 and 2015, which showed a higher number. Integrated actions should be taken to encourage development institutions to research in order to enable an environment conducive to the generation of innovations, making Brazil a more competitive country in the technological point of view.

  20. Aspectos eco-epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Município de Campinas

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    Corte Antônio Ângelo

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available Os autores descrevem um surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana ocorrido no período de fevereiro de 1993 a setembro de 1994, nos Distritos de Sousas e Joaquim Egídio, Município de Campinas, SP. Ocorreram 25 casos, sete na área rural, nove na área peri-urbana e nove na urbana. Verifica-se uma mobilidade da ocorrência dos casos em direção rural-urbana. Em relação ao sexo, houve predomínio do masculino (60% sobre o feminino (40%, com 44% dos casos concentrados na faixa etária de 11 e trinta anos. Quanto à ocupação, 48% correspondem a estudantes, empregadas domésticas e donas-de-casa. Em 92% dos casos, a doença manifestou-se com lesão única, predominantemente localizadas nos membros inferiores e superiores. O surgimento desses casos na área está provavelmente associado à expansão urbana ocorrida nas décadas de 70-80 e acelerada mais recentemente.

  1. Preparation of Eleutherine americana-Alginate Complex Microcapsules and Application in Bifidobacterium longum

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phoem, Atchara N; Chanthachum, Suphitchaya; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang P

    2015-01-01

    Microencapsulation using extrusion and emulsion techniques was prepared for Bifidobacterium longum protection against sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, refrigeration storage and heat treatment. Eleutherine americana was used as the co-encapsulating agent. Hydrolysis of E. americana by gastric and intestinal juices was also determined. E. americana and its oligosaccharide extract demonstrated their resistance to low pH and partial tolerance to human α-amylase. Microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana and oligosaccharide extract prepared by the extrusion technique survived better than that by the emulsion technique under adverse conditions. Survival of microencapsulated cells after exposure to the juices and refrigeration storage was higher than free cells at Weeks 2 and 4. In addition, the viability of microencapsulated cells was better than free cells at 65 °C for 15 min. This work suggested that microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana offers the effective delivery of probiotics to colon and maintains their survival in food products. PMID:25629556

  2. PARADIGMA ATUAL DA CIÊNCIA CONTÁBIL: PERCEPÇÃO DE DOCENTES DE UNIVERSIDADES NORTE-AMERICANAS EM RELAÇÃO À PESQUISA EM CONTABILIDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ ALONSO BORBA

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar a percepção de docentes de universidades norte-americanas acerca do paradigma da pesquisa científica em Contabilidade. Para isso, elaborou-se um questionário eletrônico, o qual foi enviado para 1.671 professores provenientes de 92 universidades norte-americanas que possuíam Doutorado em Contabilidade. Um total de 150 docentes respondeu ao questionário de pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciam que: (i os docentes norte-americanos não acreditam que possuir graduação em Contabilidade seja essencial para torna-se um professor/pesquisador de sucesso na área; (ii a University of Texas possui o melhor curso de graduação em Contabilidade e a University of Chicago possui o melhor doutorado na área; (iii The Accounting Review (TAR é considerado o principal periódico de Contabilidade; (iv William Beaver é o principal pesquisador da área; (v temas emergentes na área contábil estão relacionados a governança corporativa, valuation e harmonização contábil. Finalmente, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas no cenário nacional, na medida em que evidencia traços e características do principal pólo mundial da Contabilidade.

  3. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Phytolacca americana L

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fu Xiaoping; Dou Changming [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China); Chen Yingxu, E-mail: yingxu_chen@hotmail.com [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China); Chen Xincai; Shi Jiyan; Yu Mingge; Xu Jie [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China)

    2011-02-15

    Phytolacca americana L. (pokeweed) is a promising species for Cd phytoextraction with large biomass and fast growth rate. To further understand the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance and detoxification, the present study investigated subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in pokeweed. Subcellular fractionation of Cd-containing tissues indicated that both in root and leaves, the majority of the element was located in soluble fraction and cell walls. Meanwhile, Cd taken up by pokeweed existed in different chemical forms. Results showed that the greatest amount of Cd was found in the extraction of 80% ethanol in roots, followed by 1 M NaCl, d-H{sub 2}O and 2% HAc, while in leaves and stems, most of the Cd was extracted by 1 M NaCl, and the subdominant amount of Cd was extracted by 80% ethanol. It could be suggested that Cd compartmentation with organo-ligands in vacuole or integrated with pectates and proteins in cell wall might be responsible for the adaptation of pokeweed to Cd stress.

  4. Heterobilharzia americana infection and congestive heart failure in a llama (Lama glama).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Corapi, W V; Eden, K B; Edwards, J F; Snowden, K F

    2015-05-01

    The schistosome Heterobilharzia americana infects several mammalian species in the southeastern United States, including horses, but infections have not been reported in camelids. This is a report of H. americana infection in a 6-year-old llama with extensive cardiac pathology and congestive heart failure. Parasite-induced granulomas were widely disseminated and included overwhelming involvement of the lungs and liver. Microscopic lesions in the heart included myofiber degeneration and necrosis, with extensive replacement fibrosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence of H. americana in the lungs. © The Author(s) 2014.

  5. A produção da "cidade latino-americana" The production of "the Latin American city"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adrián Gorelik

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho propõe uma análise histórica da categoria "cidade latino-americana" como construção cultural. O argumento central é que, durante o período compreendido entre o segundo pós-guerra e a década de 1970, a idéia de "cidade latino-americana" funcionou como uma categoria do pensamento social, como uma figura do imaginário intelectual e político em amplas regiões do continente. Este texto procura reconstruir os principais itinerários conceituais e ideológicos da categoria, suas funções políticas e institucionais na conjuntura específica da região. Esse modo de entender a categoria "cidade latino-americana" em sua configuração histórica específica, sugere o autor, pode oferecer uma via produtiva para os estudos culturais latino-americanos.This paper suggests a historical analysis of the category "Latin American city" as a cultural construct. The central argument is that, during the period between the post-war and the 1970's, the idea of a Latin American city became a category of social thought, as part of the intellectual and political imagination in several regions of the continent. The text tries to rebuild the main conceptual and ideological turns, their political and institutional functions within the specific regional circumstances. The article suggests that this approach to the "Latin American city" category in its precise historical configuration may be a productive path for Latin-American cultural studies.

  6. Neurociencias de inclução social na triplice fronteira

    OpenAIRE

    López, Seidel Guerra

    2014-01-01

    Metadados do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso: Neurociencias de inclução social na triplice fronteira, pela discente: Seidel Guerra López, sob Orientação de Nildo Alves Batista do curso de Especialização em Atendimento Educacional Especializado na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (2014-2015) da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), no Repositório Institucional da UNILA (RI-UNILA). Neurociencias de inclução social na triplice fronteira

  7. Caracterização da qualidade de água e sedimento na UHE Americana relacionados à ocorrência de plantas aquáticas Characterization of water and sediment quality at the Americana reservoir related to the occurrence of aquatic plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.D. Velini

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Americana, pertencente à Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, e faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento realizado em conjunto com a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (UNESP de Botucatu. Foram realizadas amostragens de água e sedimento nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2003 e fevereiro, abril e junho de 2004. Selecionaram-se seis pontos de coleta no reservatório, sendo cinco a montante da barragem e um a jusante. Levantamentos de flora foram realizados nos meses de dezembro de 2003 e abril e julho de 2004, sendo constatados elevados teores de nitrogênio e fósforo nas amostras de água, com valores médios de 3,867 mg L-1 para nitrato, 0,706 mg L-1 para amônia, 1,372 mg L-1 para nitrito e 151,979 µg L-1 para fosfato dissolvido na água. O sedimento apresentou elevado nível de fertilidade, com médias de 32,18 g kg-1 para matéria orgânica, 68,87 mg dm-3 para P, 36,96 mmol dm-3 para Ca e 11,88 mmol dm-3 para Mg. Espécies marginais e flutuantes foram as principais infestantes do reservatório, destacando-se Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata.This work was carried out at the Americana Reservoir, owned by Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, and was part of a joint R & D project with Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brazil. Water and sediment samplings were collected in October and December 2003 and February, April and June 2004. Six sampling points were selected, being five upstream the barrage and one downstream. Flora assessment was carried out in December 2003, April and July 2004. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed in the water samples with average values of 3.867 mg L-1 for nitrate, 0.706 mg L-1 for ammonia, 1.372 mg L-1 for nitrite and 151.979 µg L-1 for phosphate dissolved in water. Sediment presented a high level of fertility with mean values of 31.18 g kg-1 for organic matter, 68

  8. Assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of "lixeira" (Curatella americanaL. λ using the prophage induction test (SOS inductest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Brandstetter Vilar

    2009-09-01

    h a 37 °C. Posteriormente, o número total de colônias e o número de centros infecciosos foram computados para a avaliação da citotoxidade e da genotoxicidade desta planta, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que embora o extrato de C. americana não tenha modificado a sobrevivência bacteriana (p > 0,05, provocou aumento significativo (p < 0,05 na indução do profago λ, especialmente nas concentrações mais altas. Assim, concluiu-se que o extrato etanólico das cascas de C. americana não apresentou atividade citotóxica, mas foi observada ação genotóxica direta.

  9. Paul Strand y las paradojas de la modernidad americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Sánchez Biosca

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available As contribuições de Strand para o cinema estão estreitamente relacionadas com seus trabalhos fotográficos da época e mesmo com um olhar que, apesar de suas múltiplas diferenças, possui muitos pontos em comum. Se em Manhatta (1920, Strand (em colaboração com Sheeler oferece uma síntese da natureza e da modernidade, em Redes (1934 o que predomina, em contrapartida, é a experiência da arte muralista mexicana e a influência de Eisenstein (em suas andanças por México são os fatores que determinam seus esforços na construção de uma épica dos operários. Mas sem dúvida, o projeto mais ambicioso de Strand (ao mando da produtora Frontier Films foi Native Land, o filme que atendeu às demandas do American Popular Front e as moldou nas palavras dos fundadores da pátria americana.

  10. O planejamento do "Recreio nas Férias" na cidade Paulista de Americana Planning for the program "leisure during the school break" ("Recreio nas Férias" in the brazilian city of Americana, state of São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nayara Torre de Almeida

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo constitui um relato de experiência do processo de planejamento e implementação do projeto "Recreio nas Férias" em um dos núcleos do Programa Segundo Tempo, localizado no bairro Vila Jones na cidade Paulista de Americana. O Projeto "Recreio nas Férias" é uma iniciativa do Ministério do Esporte, implantada em 2009 com o objetivo de, no período de férias escolares, oferecer às crianças e adolescentes participantes do programa, opções de esporte e lazer (e.g., atividades lúdicas, esportivas, artísticas, culturais, sociais e turísticas que "preencham o seu tempo livre de forma prazerosa e ao mesmo tempo construtiva" (BRASIL, 2010. Confrontando tais objetivos com os estudos mais atuais no campo do lazer é possível perceber que, no campo das políticas públicas, ainda permanece a visão histórica que tende a tratar o lazer como ocupação do tempo ocioso, principalmente quando se trata das propostas voltadas às classes populares. Isso fica evidente na preocupação explícita de "preencher o tempo livre", enfatizando seu caráter ocupacional. Nesse sentido, tecemos algumas aproximações com estudos de Silva (2003, 2008 e Marcellino (1995, 2001, 2008 compreendendo o lazer como uma das possibilidades de vivência do lúdico e construção da cidadania, ou seja, buscando responder a seguinte questão: pode o lazer assumir outro papel, senão este "ocupacional" historicamente observado nas políticas de esporte e lazer voltadas às classes populares?This study reports the planning and the implementation of the program "Recreio nas Férias" in one of the centers of the program "Second Half" ("Programa Segundo Tempo", located in Vila Jones in the Brazilian city of Americana, State of São Paulo. The program "Leisure During the School Break" ("Recreio nas Férias" is a project of the Ministry of Sports, lounged in 2009. The aim was, during the school break, to provide children and adolescents with sports and leisure

  11. Identification of rosmarinic acid as the major active constituent in Cordia americana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Geller, F; Schmidt, C; Göttert, M; Fronza, M; Schattel, V; Heinzmann, B; Werz, O; Flores, E M M; Merfort, I; Laufer, S

    2010-04-21

    Preparation from leaves of Cordia americana have been widely used in traditional medicine in South Brazil to treat wounds and various inflammations. The objective of this work was to identify the effective compounds in the ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves of Cordia americana, which is used in traditional South Brazilian medicine as anti-inflammatory and wound healing remedy. Isolation and structure elucidation techniques were performed in order to identify the compounds of Cordia americana and HPLC analysis was used for the quantification. The major constituent and the ethanolic extract were investigated for inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, p38alpha MAPK, TNFalpha release and NF-kappaB as well as in the fibroblast scratch assay. Rosmarinic acid (1) was identified as the major compound with an amount of 8.44% in the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cordia americana. The ethanolic extract as well as (1) exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase (IC(50)=0.69 and 0.97microg/mL, resp., IC50 of BWA4C as reference: 0.3microM) and p38alpha (IC50=3.25 and 1.16microg/mL, resp., IC50 of SB203580 as reference: 0.046microM) and moderate inhibitory effects on TNFalpha release. Slight effects were observed in the fibroblast scratch assay. This study increases our knowledge on the effective compound in Cordia americana and supports its use in traditional medicine. We demonstrated for the first time pharmacological effects of Cordia americana and we provide evidences for a crucial role of rosmarinic acid as the major key player. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. A Rússia Americana The American Russia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Marcelo Ehlert Maia

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo procura analisar interpretações do Brasil assentadas na idéia de que seríamos uma "Rússia Americana". Para tanto, analiso as contribuições de Gilberto Freyre, Otávio Velho e Vicente Licínio Cardoso, e apresento brevemente o caso russo, a partir das obras clássicas de Franco Venturi e Isaiah Berlin. Argumento ao longo do texto que essa percepção de que o Brasil teria uma geografia social "russa" implica a produção de um americanismo específico, que encontra sua maior expressão no pensamento de Vicente Licínio Cardoso e em suas idéias que conjugam fordismo e arielismo.This article seeks to analyse Brazil's interpretations founded on the idea that we would be an "American Russia". in order to do so, I analyse the contributions of Gilberto Freyre, Otávio Velho and Vicente Licínio Cardoso, and I briefly present the russian case, using the works of Franco Venturi and Isaiah Berlin. I suggest that this perception implies the production of an especific type of americanism, wich finds its greater expression on the unusual combination between fordism and arielism made by Vicente Licínio.

  13. CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E FÍSICA DO JENIPAPO (Genipa americana L. ARMAZENADO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. P. da SILVA

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available As características do jenipapo (Genipa americana L. produzido na região de Botucatu-SP, bem como sua conservação pós-colheita foram estudados quando armazenado sob temperatura ambiente e sob refrigeração (10ºC. Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 7 dias quanto à perda de peso, diâmetro, vitamina C, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, pH e firmeza. Ao final do período de armazenamento (28 dias de conservação, os resultados mostraram que a temperatura de 10ºC foi adequada para a conservação do jenipapo e, que as características químicas e físicas dos frutos produzidos na região de Botucatu, são comparativamente semelhantes aos produzidos em outras regiões produtoras, com exceção do teor de sólidos solúveis totais que estão abaixo dos relatados.To study the chemical and physical characteristics of jenipap (Genipa americana L. produced in the Botucatu-SP region, and its post-harvest conservation fruits, were studied when stored at ambient temperature and under refrigeration. The fruits were evaluated every 7 days for weight loss, diameter, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and texture (flesh firmness. At the end of the 4th week of storage the results showed that the temperature of 10ºC was adequate for the conservation of jenipap, and that the chemical and physical characteristcs of the fruits produced in the Botucatu-SP region are similar to those produced in the other regions, except for total soluble solids, which was lower.

  14. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande. Rio de Janeiro: V. Observações sobre a biologia dos transmissores em condiçoes naturais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson A. de Araújo Filho

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Durante um surto de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA na Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande, município de Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados 4.192 exemplares de flebotomíneos em ambiente domiciliar e silvestre, com isca animal e outros abrigos naturais, durante o período de janeiro de 1976 a abril de 1977. Entre o total de 11 espécies coletadas encontraram-se 2.493 exemplares de Lutzomyia intermedia, 1.594 de Lutzomyia migonei e 105 exemplares de outras espécies. A L. intermedia apresentou densidade mais elevada no domicílio humano, enquanto a L. migonei apresentou coletas mais rendosas com iscas animais e galinheiros. O sinantropismo e a elevada densidade no ambiente domiciliar incriminam as espécies L. intermedia e L. migonei como as prováveis vetoras da LTA na Ilha Grande.During an outbreak of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande (Great Island in the county of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, 4.192 species of Phlebotomus were collected in domestic and wild environment with the use of animal baits and other natural shelters from January 1976 to April 1977. In a total of 11 species collected, 2.493 samples of Lutzomyia intermedia, 1.594 of Lutzomyia migonei and 105 samples of other species were found. The Lutzomyia intermedia presented a higher density in human dwellings, while the Lutzomyia migonei presented better results with animal baits and chicken-coops. The sinantropism and high density found in the houses incriminate the species L. intermedia and L. migonei as the probable vectors of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ilha Grande.

  15. Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans to Antibacterial Effect from Mammea americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Herrera Herrera

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The development of periodontal disease and dental caries is influenced by several factors, such as microorganisms of bacterial biofilm or commensal bacteria in the mouth. These microorganisms trigger inflammatory and immune responses in the host. Currently, medicinal plants are treatment options for these oral diseases. Mammea americana extracts have reported antimicrobial effects against several microorganisms. Nevertheless, this effect is unknown against oral bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of M. americana extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. For this, an experimental study was conducted. Ethanolic extract was obtained from seeds of M. americana (one oil phase and one ethanolic phase. The strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were exposed to this extract to evaluate its antibacterial effect. Antibacterial activity was observed with the two phases of M. americana extract on P. gingivalis and S. mutans with lower MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration. Also, bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity was detected against S. mutans, depending on the concentration of the extract, while on M. americana extract presented only bacteriostatic activity against P. gingivalis. These findings provide important and promising information allowing for further exploration in the future.

  16. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro: I. investigação epidemiolôgica clínica e laboratorial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson A. Araújo Filho

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Os autores descrevem pela primeira vez a ocorrência de uma epidemia de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTAI na localidade de Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande, município de Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, situada a 17 Km do continente. Em uma população de 453 pessoas examinadas, foram encontrados 33 casos de LTA, sendo 13 lesões em atividade e 20 cicatrizes. Entre os 33 casos, 30 eram autóctones da área de estudo. A doença ocorria há mais de 10 anos na Praia Vermelha, e, na Ilha Grande, há mais de 30 anos, sob a forma de casos esporádicos. Na Praia Vermelha, no período de 1974 a 1976, ocorreu uma epidemia com 27 casos da doença. A L TA, na Praia Vermelha, assume características de transmissão em ambiente domiciliar, atingindo indivíduos indistintamente, sem relação com sexo, idade ou profissão. Predominou a forma ulcerada, em extremidades do corpo com ocorrência de cura espontânea das lesões e não comprometimento das mucosas; um hamster entre 10 inoculados com material de lesão de caso humano desenvolveu, após 4 meses, lesão de focinho com resultados positivos para LTA.The authors described for the first time the appearance of an epidemic of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the small village of Praia Vermelha, Ilha Grande (Creat Island, county of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, situated at 17 Km from the continent. 453 persons were examined and 33 cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis were found of which 13 were cases of active iesions and 20 of scars. Of the 33 cases, 30 were issued from the area under examination. The disease has existed in Praia Vermelha for more than 10 years and in the Ilha Grande for more than 30 as sporadic cases. In Praia Vermelha between 1974 and 1976, an epidemic occured when 27 cases of the disease were registered. The Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Praia Vermelha has characteristics of home transmission affecting people without discrimination of sex, age or occupation. The ulcerated form appeared

  17. Evaluation of Treatments to Reduce Hardness of Agave americana Core

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José A. Ramírez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Agave americana contains inulin as storage carbohydrate. Therefore, agave is interesting to be used for the extraction of inulin by pressing. The yield of the process is low due to the high hardness of the core. The objective of this work was to evaluate pretreatments to reduce the hardness in the process of obtaining inulin by pressing. Treatments with water, sulphuric acid 1 % (by mass or sodium hydroxide 1 % (by mass were tested and optimized. The pretreatment of the core of A. americana with sulphuric acid 1 % allowed the reduction of hardness from 30 000 g to 2000 g of breaking force. The mathematical model obtained predicts an optimum processing at 84 °C during 75 min. The treatment with sulphuric acid 1 % also allows white core of A. americana to be obtained, while the other treatments provide yellow core. These results open a good alternative to obtain value added products from this resource.

  18. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro: VI. observações sobre a freqüência horária e variação mensal dos transmissores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson A. de Araújo Filho

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Para estudo da freqüência horária dos principais vetores da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA, na Ilha Grande, durante os anos de 1976 a 1977, foram realizadas 4 capturas de 24 horas com isca animal (cão, ao ar livre, e 5 capturas de 24 horas em um único domicilio da área. Observou-se que a espécie Lutzomyia intermedia ocorreu durante todo o período noturno, com densidade constante no domicílio humano, enquanto a espécie Lutzomyia migonei apresentou maiores densidades no período da madrugada, nas capturas com isca animal (cão. Em 156 horas de estudo sobre variação mensal, durante o período de março de 1976 a fevereiro de 1977, a espécie L. intermedia ocorreu durante todo o ano, sendo abril, maio, outubro e dezembro os meses de maior densidade; a espécie L. migonei apresentou-se com baixa densidade, chegando a desaparecer no mês de setembro. As elevadas densidades das espécies L. intermedia e L. migonei indicam-nas como as prováveis vetoras de LTA na Ilha Grande.

  19. amylase from cockroach, Periplaneta americana

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    STORAGESEVER

    2008-08-04

    Aug 4, 2008 ... The enzyme was stable up to 55°C and its pH stability was in range of 5.6 - 6.6. .... acrylamide gel and by gel filtration chromatography. Gel filtration .... Activity at 55 °C. Figure 8. Thermic inactivation at 37°C and 55°C of Periplaneta americana α-amylase. Thermal stability of the enzyme was followed for 1 h.

  20. Dispersal of invasive Phytolacca americana seeds by birds in an urban garden in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Ning; Yang, Wen; Fang, Shubo; Li, Xinhai; Liu, Zhanchen; Leng, Xin; An, Shuqing

    2017-01-01

    Although seed dispersal is a key process determining the regeneration and spread of invasive plant populations, few studies have explicitly addressed the link between dispersal vector behavior and seedling recruitment to gain insight into the invasion process within an urban garden context. We evaluated the role of bird vectors in the dispersal of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), a North American herb that is invasive in urban gardens in China. Fruiting P. americana attracted both generalist and specialist bird species that fed on and dispersed its seeds. The generalist species Pycnonotus sinensis and Urocissa erythrorhyncha were the most frequent dispersers. Seedling numbers of P. americana were strongly associated with the perching behavior of frugivorous birds. If newly recruited bird species use seedling-safe perching sites, the P. americana will regenerate faster, which would enhance its invasive potential. Based on our observations, we conclude that the 2 main bird vectors, P. sinensis and U. erythrorhyncha, provide potential effective dispersal agents for P. americana. Our results highlight the role of native birds in seed dispersal of invasive plants in urban gardens. © 2016 International Society of Zoological Sciences, Institute of Zoology/Chinese Academy of Sciences and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

  1. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) Reintroduction and Management Plan [DRAFT

    Data.gov (United States)

    Department of the Interior — Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) have been a component of North America’s grasslands for millions of years and have thus created a niche for themselves in remaining...

  2. A entrada de franquias americanas no Brasil: uma estratégia diferente

    OpenAIRE

    Gurtner, Werner Frank

    2010-01-01

    Escrita para o público americano, destaca peculiaridades administrativas e culturais do mercado brasileiro de fast food. Usa exemplos dos procedimentos de entrada de algumas franquias americanas e seus consequentes sucessos e fracassos. Concentra-se, particularnente, no desempenho administrativo destas franquias no Brasil. Discute estratégias alternativas para a expansão internacional futura das franquias americanas. Written for an American audience, highli...

  3. Evaluation of Piper aduncum Linn. Essential Oil (Fam:Piperaceae against Periplaneta americana(L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I Ling A

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Background: The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory."nMethods: The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme."nResults: Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same con­centrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cock­roaches. Treatment with Resigen (R at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the fe­males, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach."nConclusion: Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peri­patetic americana. "nKeywords: Piper aduncum essential oil, Periplaneta americana, Adults, Nymphs

  4. Physicochemical Properties of Avocado Pear (Persea americana ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The oil from edible avocado pear (Persea americana) was extracted using the Soxhlet extraction method and characterized for specific gravity, refractive index, free fatty acids, saponification value, iodine value, acid value and biofuel potential using standard methods. The percent oil content in the fruit pulp was determined.

  5. Swimming black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) Kleptoparasitize American coots (Fulica americana)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Graves, Gary R.

    2015-01-01

    I observed black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) swimming and kleptoparasitizing American coots (Fulica americana) at an artificial lake in Pinal County, Arizona. This appears to be the first record of interspecific kleptoparasitism by a swimming ardeid.......I observed black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) swimming and kleptoparasitizing American coots (Fulica americana) at an artificial lake in Pinal County, Arizona. This appears to be the first record of interspecific kleptoparasitism by a swimming ardeid....

  6. ETIQUETAS DE SECUENCIAS EXPRESADAS DIFERENCIALES DE FRUTOS DE AGUACATE RAZA MEXICANA (Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Ignacio Sánchez-González

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN En este estudio se desarrollaron e identificaron etiquetas de secuencias expresadas diferencialmente (ESTs de frutos inmaduros de Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia del estado de Nuevo León, México. Diez genotipos con frutos de forma y tamaño diferentes fueron seleccionados para generar ESTs por la técnica de despliegue diferencial.Se obtuvieron en total 393 fragmentos diferenciales amplificados, 82 fragmentos diferenciales fueron secuenciados y editados para identificación y comparación en las bases de datos para nucleótidos y proteínas del NCBI. Cuarenta secuencias mostraron similitud significativa con secuencias de ARNm y/o secuencias de proteínas hipotéticas o predichas pertenecientes a P. americana y/o a otros géneros. Algunas secuencias estuvieron relacionadas a enzimas como flavanona-3-hidroxilasa (F3H, lecitina-colesterol aciltransferasa, glutatión-S-transferasamicrosomal y proteína pleiotrópica de resistencia a drogas. Con la información de la composición nucleotídica de las ESTs se podrán diseñar iniciadores para cuantificar niveles de expresión por RT-PCR en tiempo real de los genes, en diferentes etapas fenológicas del fruto y hacer comparaciones entre los genotipos que permitan determinar usos alternos de sus frutos.

  7. Developmental ecdysteroid titers and DNA puffs in larvae of two sciarid species, Rhynchosciara americana and Rhynchosciara milleri (Diptera: Sciaridae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soares, M A M; Hartfelder, K; Tesserolli de Souza, J M; Stocker, A J

    2015-10-01

    Ecdysteroid titers, developmental landmarks and the presence of prominent amplifying regions (DNA puffs) have been compared during late larval to pupal development in four groups of Rhynchosciara americana larvae and in R. americana and Rhynchosciara milleri. Three prominent DNA puffs (B2, C3 and C8) expand and regress sequentially on the rising phase of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) titer in R. americana as a firm, cellular cocoon is being constructed. A sharp rise in 20E coincides with the regression of these puffs. The shape of the 20E curve is similar in R. milleri, a species that does not construct a massive cocoon, but the behavior of certain DNA puffs and their temporal relationship to the curve differs. Regions corresponding to B2 and C3 can be identified in R. milleri by banding pattern similarity with R. americana chromosomes and, in the case of B2, by hybridization to an R. americana probe. A B2 puff appears in R. milleri as the 20E titer rises but remains small in all gland regions. A puff similar to the R. americana C3 puff occurs in posterior gland cells of R. milleri (C3(Rm)) after the B2 puff, but this site did not hybridize to R. americana C3 probes. C3(Rm) incorporated (3)H-thymidine above background, but showed less post-puff DNA accumulation than C3 of R. americana. R. americana C8 probes hybridized to a more distal region of the R. milleri C chromosome that did not appear to amplify or form a large puff. These differences can be related to developmental differences, in particular differences in cocoon construction between the two species.

  8. Simple Y-autosomal incompatibilities cause hybrid male sterility in reciprocal crosses between Drosophila virilis and D. americana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sweigart, Andrea L

    2010-03-01

    Postzygotic reproductive isolation evolves when hybrid incompatibilities accumulate between diverging populations. Here, I examine the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility between two species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis and D. americana. From these analyses, I reach several conclusions. First, neither species carries any autosomal dominant hybrid male sterility alleles: reciprocal F(1) hybrid males are perfectly fertile. Second, later generation (backcross and F(2)) hybrid male sterility between D. virilis and D. americana is not polygenic. In fact, I identified only three genetically independent incompatibilities that cause hybrid male sterility. Remarkably, each of these incompatibilities involves the Y chromosome. In one direction of the cross, the D. americana Y is incompatible with recessive D. virilis alleles at loci on chromosomes 2 and 5. In the other direction, the D. virilis Y chromosome causes hybrid male sterility in combination with recessive D. americana alleles at a single QTL on chromosome 5. Finally, in contrast with findings from other Drosophila species pairs, the X chromosome has only a modest effect on hybrid male sterility between D. virilis and D. americana.

  9. Evaluation of Piper aduncum Linn. Essential Oil (Fam:Piperaceae) against Periplaneta americana (L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ling A, I; Sulaiman, S; Othman, H

    2009-01-01

    The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory. The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R) 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme. Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same concentrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cockroaches. Treatment with Resigen (R) at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the females, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach. Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peripatetic americana.

  10. Quality of fresh-cut avocado (Persea americana Mill. stored under different temperatures Qualidade de abacates (Persea americana Mill. minimally processados armazenados sob diferentes temperaturas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carla Marques Pinheiro

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of different storage temperatures on the quality maintenance of fresh-cut 'Fortuna' avocado (Persea americana Mill.. The fruit was selected, washed and sanitized with sodium hypochlorite solution (190 ppm total residual chlorinee for 15 minutes. After that, the tip was cut and the fruit was also cut in halves, peeled and the pit removed, manually. Then the halves were immersed in 0.5% calcium chlorite + 0.5% cysteine solution for 2 minutes, to avoid darkening and packed in rigid plastic covered with 20 micrometer thick plastic wrap (PVC film with a permeability to O2, CO2 and water vapor of 15,000, 80,000 and 390 cm³/m²/day, respectively. The product was stored under 3 different temperatures 0, 5, 10ºC and evaluated at 5 different storege periods of 0, 2, 3, 5 and 6 days, in a randomized design in a 3x5 factorial. The storage of fresh-cut avocado at 5ºC is the best alternative because it determines better maintenance of quality of the avocado. These presented lower darkening of pulp, better scores for appearance and acceptability, lower softening and polyphenoloxidase activity, in comparison to those stored at 0 and 10ºC. The fresh-cut avocados stored at 5ºC presented a shelf life of 5 days, based, mainly on, appearance, score 7.3, sited between the concepts "like moderately" and "like very much" on a hedonic scale of 9 points and 86% of acceptability, at the end of 5 days of storage.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento na manutenção da qualidade de abacates 'Fortuna' (Persea americana Mill. minimally processados. Os frutos foram lavados e sanificados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (190 ppm de cloro residual total por 15 minutos. Posteriormente, efetuou-se a retirada da extremidade onde se insere o pedúnculo, o corte em metades, retirada do caroço e casca, manualmente. Em seguida, as metades foram imersas em solução com cloreto de cálcio 0

  11. Antidiabetic potential of methanol extracts from leaves of Piper umbellatum L. and Persea americana Mill.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guy Sedar Singor Njateng

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To determine inhibitory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Piper umbellatum and Persea americana (P. americana (traditionally used in Cameroon against diabetes on α -glucosidase, β -glucosidase, maltase-glucoamylase, aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase activities, enzymes involved in starch digestion or diabetic complications. Methods: The methanol extracts from Piper umbellatum and P. americana were prepared by maceration. To assess relative efficacy of these extracts, the determination of concentrations that were needed to inhibit 50% of enzyme activity was done, whereas, gas chromatography-mass spectrum was used to identify components from extracts that may be responsible for the activities. Results: The tested extracts strongly inhibited α -glucosidase, maltase-glucoamylase, aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase activities with IC50 ranging from (1.07 ± 0.03 to (31.77 ± 1.17 μg/mL. Among the tested extracts, P. americana was the most active against sensitive enzymes (IC50 of 1.07 ± 0.03 to 15.63 ± 1.23. But, none of the extracts showed interesting inhibitory effect against β -glucosidase as their percentage inhibitions were less than 16%. From gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis, 10 and 8 compounds were identified in Piper umbellatum and P. americana extracts respectively, using NIST library 2014. Conclusions: Results of this study provide the scientific credential for a prospective usage of these plants to treat diabetes.

  12. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Fraxinus americana hypocotyls

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaitlin J. Palla; Paula M. Pijut

    2015-01-01

    An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system was successfully developed for white ash (Fraxinus americana) using hypocotyls as the initial explants. Hypocotyls isolated from mature embryos germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 22.2 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 µM...

  13. Drug interaction studies of Ximenia americana and Pavetta ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The therapeutic efficacy of single or multicomponent herbs is thought to reside in synergistic interactions between the bioactive constituents. The methanol extracts of X. americana and P. crassipes were initially screened against Gram positive and negative organisms as well as against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ...

  14. O corpo colonial e as políticas e poéticas da diáspora para compreender as mobilizações afro-latino-americanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Cecilia López

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available ResumoO artigo tece uma relação entre corpo colonial e diáspora como dimensões relevantes para compreender as mobilizações afro-latino-americanas, particularmente no Brasil. A partir de dados etnográficos e produções discursivas de intelectuais e militantes negros, analiso a relação entre corpo e poder em diferentes dimensões da luta antirracista. Abordarei dois cenários diferenciados para analisar como a diáspora aparece nas narrativas de sujeitos negros como dimensão disruptiva da colonialidade, provocando a possibilidade de corpos/sujeitos decoloniais que demandam justiça racial. Enfatizarei a dimensão diaspórica como força desse deslocamento nas mobilizações negras: como ela se vincula às políticas e poéticas do corpo/espaço/tempo. Indagarei também na visibilização do corpo colonial na crítica das feministas negras, ao considerar raça e gênero como opressões entrelaçadas. Propõem-se contribuições para uma antropologia política do corpo ao levar a sério perspectivas diaspóricas afro-latino-americanas que focam o corpo como centro das disputas políticas, no sentido de desracializar e pluralizar nossas sociedades.

  15. Evaluation of Piper aduncum Linn. Essential Oil (Fam:Piperaceae against Periplaneta americana(L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I Ling A

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Background: The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory.Methods: The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme.Results: Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same con­centrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cock­roaches. Treatment with Resigen (R at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the fe­males, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach.Conclusion: Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peri­patetic americana.

  16. Memory Consolidation and Gene Expression in "Periplaneta Americana"

    Science.gov (United States)

    Strausfeld, Nicholas J.; Pinter, Marianna; Lent, David D.

    2005-01-01

    A unique behavioral paradigm has been developed for "Periplaneta americana" that assesses the timing and success of memory consolidation leading to long-term memory of visual-olfactory associations. The brains of trained and control animals, removed at the critical consolidation period, were screened by two-directional suppression subtractive…

  17. Opposition to the American leadership by Brazilian nurses (1934-1938 Resistencia al liderazgo norte-americano en la formación de la enfermera brasileña (1934-1938 Resistência à liderança norte-americana na formação da enfermeira brasileira (1934-1938

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tânia Cristina Franco Santos

    2008-02-01

    égias empreendidas por Pullen para assegurar sua posição de poder e prestígio no espaço da escola e da enfermagem brasileira e discutir as resistências à presença e autoridade da diretora americana, pelas enfermeiras diplomadas e alunas, na luta pela identidade nacional. A análise do corpus documental se fez a partir da contextualização das fotografias, com base nos documentos escritos e fontes secundárias. O estudo evidenciou que a segunda gestão de Bertha Pullen se configurou como a reiteração da presença americana na liderança da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, apesar da resistência das enfermeiras e alunas. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que a segunda gestão de Bertha Pullen na Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery não representou necessidade real ou sentida pela própria escola.

  18. A Case of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Ewingella americana : First Report from Turkey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenan Ecemiş

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Ewingella americana is a very rare cause of serious infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP in an intensive care unit patient, who was treated successfully with ceftriaxone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of VAP due to Ewingella americana in the English literature.J Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 4(3: 118-120

  19. Neuropharmacological and neuroprotective activities of some metabolites produced by cell suspension culture of Waltheria americana Linn.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mundo, Jorge; Villeda-Hernández, Juana; Herrera-Ruiz, Maribel; Gutiérrez, María Del Carmen; Arellano-García, Jesús; León-Rivera, Ismael; Perea-Arango, Irene

    2017-10-01

    Waltheria americana is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat some nervous system disorders. The aims of the present study were to isolate and determine the neuropharmacological and neurprotective activities of metabolites produced by a cell suspension culture of Waltheria americana. Submerged cultivation of W. americana cells provided biomass. A methanol-soluble extract (WAsc) was obtained from biomass. WAsc was fractionated yielding the chromatographic fractions 4WAsc-H 2 O and WAsc-CH 2 Cl 2 . For the determination of anticonvulsant activity in vivo, seizures were induced in mice by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Neuropharmacological activities (release of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and neuroprotection) of chromatographic fractions were determined by in vitro histological analysis of brain sections of mice post mortem. Fraction 4WAsc-H 2 O (containing saccharides) did not produce neuronal damage, neurodegeneration, interstitial tissue edema, astrocytic activation, nor cell death. Pretreatment of animals with 4WAsc-H 2 O and WAsc-CH 2 Cl 2 from W. americana cell suspensions induced an increase in: GABA release, seizure latency, survival time, neuroprotection, and a decrease in the degree of severity of tonic/tonic-clonic convulsions, preventing PTZ-induced death of up to 100% of animals of study. Bioactive compounds produced in suspension cell culture of W. americana produce neuroprotective and neuropharmacological activities associated with the GABAergic neurotransmission system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  20. Cinética de inativação da polifenoloxidase e peroxidase de abacate (Persea americana Mill. Kinetic of inactivation of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase of avocado (Persea americana Mill.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rúbia Caroline Luíz

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Extratos enzimáticos foram preparados a partir da polpa de abacate (Persea americana Mill. dos cultivares Quintal, Fortuna e Choquete, em dois estádios de maturação (verde e maduro. A polpa de abacate (150,00g foi homogeneizada em liquidificador, com 300 mL de solução tampão fosfato de sódio 100mM em pH 7,4 para polifenoloxidase (PPO e pH 6,0 para peroxidase (POD. A peroxidase ionicamente ligada foi extraída usando solução de NaCl 1,0M, em tampão fosfato de sódio 100mM pH 6,0. Para o estudo da estabilidade térmica, os extratos foram submetidos a temperaturas de 60, 65, 70, 75 e 80ºC e por períodos que variaram de 1 à 10 minutos e a atividade enzimática foi determinada por espectrofotometria (lambda= 395nm para PPO e lambda= 460nm para POD. Pode-se observar que o declínio rápido da atividade das enzimas era maior nos primeiros quatro minutos e após esse período, com o aumento da temperatura e do tempo, a atividade continuou diminuindo, porém de forma mais lenta. A energia de ativação na faixa de temperatura estudada para as porções termolábil e termorresistente, apresentou valores dentro da faixa 12-100 kcal/mol.Enzymatic extracts were prepared from the avocado pulp (Persea americana Mill., using the cultivars Quintal, Fortuna and Choquete, in two different maturation stages (green and mature avocados. The avocado pulp (150,00g was homogenized in blender with 300 mL of sodium phosphate buffer 100mM at pH 7.4 for polyphenoloxidase (PPO and pH 6.0 for peroxidase (POD. The peroxidase ionically bound was extracted using NaCl solution 1.0M in sodium phosphate buffer 100mM pH 6.0. For the study of the thermal stability the extracts were submitted at temperatures of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80ºC for periods that had a variation from 1 to 10 minutes and the enzymatic activity was determined using a spectrophotometer (lambda= 395nm for PPO and lambda= 460nm for POD. It was possible to observe a fast decline of the enzyme activity in

  1. The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tinker, Kara A; Ottesen, Elizabeth A

    2016-11-15

    The omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana hosts a diverse hindgut microbiota encompassing hundreds of microbial species. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effect of diet on the composition of the P. americana hindgut microbial community. Results show that the hindgut microbiota of P. americana exhibit a highly stable core microbial community with low variance in compositions between individuals and minimal community change in response to dietary shifts. This core hindgut microbiome is shared between laboratory-hosted and wild-caught individuals, although wild-caught specimens exhibited a higher diversity of low-abundance microbes that were lost following extended cultivation under laboratory conditions. This taxonomic stability strongly contrasts with observations of the gut microbiota of mammals, which have been shown to be highly responsive to dietary change. A comparison of P. americana hindgut samples with human fecal samples indicated that the cockroach hindgut community exhibited higher alpha diversity but a substantially lower beta diversity than the human gut microbiome. This suggests that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for establishing and maintaining a diverse and stable core microbiome. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the overall health of its host. A healthy gut microbiota typically assists with defense against pathogens and the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with reduced health. In this study, we examined the composition and stability of the gut microbiota from the omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana. We found that P. americana hosts a diverse core gut microbiome that remains stable after drastic long-term changes in diet. While other insects, notably ant and bee species, have evolved mechanisms for maintaining a stable association with specific gut microbiota, these insects typically host low-diversity gut

  2. A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA MULHER LATINO-AMERICANA: DA LITERATURA PARA O CINEMA

    OpenAIRE

    de Amorim, Maria Inês Freitas; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

    2015-01-01

    As obras do escritor colombiano Gabriel García Márquez são reconhecidas pela presença de personagens femininas fortes e pela representação de elementos da cultura latino-americana. Já a indústria cinematográfica de Hollywood costuma representar a mulher latino-americana a partir de estereótipos, sobretudo relacionados à sensualidade e submissas às vontades da voz masculina. O romance de García Márquez El amor en los tiempos del cólera foi adaptado para o cinema pela industria estadunidense, ...

  3. As bibliotecas nacionais latino americanas e o capital social

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Deborah Medeiros

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Estudo que pretende analisar o uso da web social nos serviços das bibliotecas nacionais latino americanas e as formas de fomentar Capital Social em sua comunidade. Buscou-se verificar quais mídias sociais as bibliotecas nacionais usam, avaliando como adaptam aos serviços das bibliotecas e como as utilizam para fomentar o Capital Social, adotando-se para isso a teoria do fator whuffie. Utilizou-se a coleta e mapeamento de mídias sociais e observação não participante para a análise dos websites das Bibliotecas Nacionais analisadas. Como resultado, a pesquisa constatou que as Bibliotecas Nacionais em sua grande maioria utilizam seus sites e bibliotecas digitais para oferecer serviços e fomentar Capital Social entre seus interagentes. Por fim, conclui-se que as bibliotecas analisadas ainda utilizam suas mídias sociais na internet para fins administrativos e de divulgação, e observa-se que, através de algumas práticas identificadas nas bibliotecas analisadas nesta pesquisa, as demais bibliotecas podem buscar novas formas e possibilidades de interação dos seus serviços com seus interagentes por meio dessas mídias e de seus websites.

  4. Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Zart

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae, é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a suscetibilidade quanto à queda e deformação de bagas de diferentes cultivares/espécies de uva pela injúria causada pela oviposição de A. fraterculus. O trabalho foi realizado em vinhedos das cultivares 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera, 'Moscato Embrapa' (75% de V. vinifera e 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca, localizados em Bento Gonçalves (RS, na safra 2006/2007. Dois casais de A. fraterculus foram confinados por cacho, em gaiolas de tecido voile, durante os estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha, início da compactação, início da maturação e maturação plena dos cachos. Queda significativa de bagas devido ao ataque de A. fraterculus foi registrada na cultivar 'Cabernet Sauvignon' quando a infestação foi realizada nos estádios fenológicos de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho; estádios de grão ervilha em 'Moscato Embrapa'; e nos estádios de grão ervilha, início da compactação e início da maturação do cacho na cultivar 'Isabel'. Foi registrada deformação de bagas quando as infestações foram realizadas nos estádios de grão ervilha e início da compactação de cacho em 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' e 'Isabel'. O desenvolvimento larval até a fase de pupa foi observado somente na cultivar 'Moscato Embrapa'.

  5. UN HELICTERES NUEVO DE MEXICO, NEXO ENTRE LAS ESPECIES ASIATICAS y AMERICANAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen L. Cristóbal

    1987-01-01

    Full Text Available Una nueva especie, Helicteres vegae (Sterculiaceae, de Sinaloa, México es descripta e ilustrada. Se encontró el número de cromosomas 2n = 18. H. vegae se compara con el resto de las especies mexicanas y se proporciona una clave. Su afinidad con la de Asia y las especies americanas es discutida. H. vegae junto con H. Rekoí y H.carthagenensis se consideran las más diferenciadas de las especies americanas. Se propone una posible área de origen de América para Helicteres , incluido en esta área se encuentran los otros dos nuevos géneros mundiales de la tribu Helictereae.

  6. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana em centro de treinamento militar localizado na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Brasil American cutaneous leishmaniasis in military training unit localized in Zona da Mata of Pernambuco State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sinval P. Brandão-Filho

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Um surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana ocorreu em 1996 em unidade de treinamento militar situada na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, com o registro de 26 casos humanos. Um inquérito epidemiológico foi realizado através da realização de levantamento entomológico e da aplicação do Teste de Montenegro. Lutzomyia choti apresentou predominância de 89,9% dos flebótomos identificados. De 545 homens que participaram de treinamentos no período, 24,1% (incluindo os casos clínicos foram positivo para o Teste de Montenegro.An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis has been occurred in military training unit localized in 'Zona da Mata' of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where were registered 26 human cases. An epidemiological survey was carried out by entomological investigation and Montenegro skin test (MST. Lutzomyia choti presents predominance (89.9% in sandflies identified. Out of 545 men who realized training activities were 24.12% positive to MST.

  7. Adubação verde na produção orgânica de alface americana e repolho The use of green manure in crisphead lettuce and cabbage production

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anastácia Fontanétti

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Na produção de hortaliças orgânicas a utilização exclusiva de composto orgânico tem se mostrado uma prática onerosa, em função do grande volume exigido para se obter produções comerciais. Uma das alternativas para a adubação complementar das hortaliças é a utilização da adubação verde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três espécies de adubos verdes, utilizadas em complementação ao composto orgânico, quanto ao aporte de nutrientes ao solo, a produtividade e às características agronômicas de alface americana e repolho. O experimento foi instalado na Universidade Federal de Lavras, em LavrasMG, no período de dezembro de 2001 a agosto de 2002. O solo foi classificado como LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4x2, com 3 repetições. Os fatores foram as leguminosas mucuna-preta (Stizolobium aterrimum, feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis., e crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea., mais uma testemunha (vegetação espontânea e adubação mineral; e as culturas de alface americana e repolho. A crotalária juncea apresentou o maior potencial de extração dos nutrientes N, P, K, Mg, B, Mn e Zn do solo. Esta espécie foi ainda mais eficiente que o feijão-de-porco e a mucuna-preta em aumentar o peso comercial de cabeça do repolho. Com relação à produção, para a alface os tratamentos de adubação verde mais composto orgânico não diferiram da testemunha; enquanto para repolho, tiveram um desempenho estatisticamente inferior. Entretanto, a utilização de adubo verde mais composto orgânico permitiu a obtenção de cabeças comerciais de alface americana e repolho com peso satisfatório para o mercado.The exclusive use of organic compost in the production of organic vegetables has been found to be a costly practice due to the high volume of compost demanded to obtain commercial productions. Thus, one of the alternatives for complementary

  8. Genetic characterisation of avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) in two ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a nutritious and economic tree crop with cultivations scattered all over Ghana. Although, there have been some genetic diversity research on this crop in some parts of the world, rather limited research has been done on avocado in Ghana. A study was therefore conducted to assess its ...

  9. Immunotherapy, immunochemotherapy and chemotherapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment Imunoterapia, imunoquimioterapia e quimioterapia no tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana

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    Wilson Mayrink

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available The first choice of treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis is the pentavalent antimonial drug. Although it has been shown that this treatment is mostly effective and indicated, some disadvantages should be taken into account such as side effects, long term treatment inconveniences and counter-indication for patients suffering from cardiopathy, nephropathy; yet, aging, pregnancy and other conditions. With the advent of the vaccine anti-American cutaneous leishmaniasis as a prophylactic measure, studies on therapy using the vaccine associated or not with other drugs have been performed by many investigators and it is currently among the alternative treatments and prevention measures for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. In conclusion, the association between antimony and vaccine (immunochemotherapy showed the same cure rate when compared with the standard treatment (100% and it was also able to reduce the salt volume in 17.9% and treatment length from 87 to 62 days, decreasing side effects.O tratamento de primeira escolha para leishmaniose tegumentar americana é o antimonial pentavalente. Embora este tratamento seja na maioria das vezes efetivo e indicado, devem ser consideradas as desvantagens tais como efeitos colaterais, longa duração do tratamento e contra-indicação para cardiopatas, nefropatas, idosos, grávidas e outras condições. Com o advento da vacina antileishmaniose tegumentar americana para fins profiláticos e terapêuticos, associando-a ou não a outros fármacos, muitas pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas, sendo a vacina a principal entre os atuais recursos no tratamento e prevenção da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Em conclusão, a associação do antimônio com a vacina (imunoquimioterapia apresentou o mesmo índice de cura em relação ao tratamento padrão (100%, e ainda reduziu o volume do sal em 17,9% e o tempo de cura significativamente, de 87 para 62 dias; conseqüentemente, reduzindo os efeitos colaterais.

  10. American Narcissus: Lacanian Reflections on DeLillo’s Americana

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    Graley Herren

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Don DeLillo’s first novel, 'Americana' (1971, is assembled from a toolkit of psychological tropes. Critics have long recognized the novel’s debts to (and parodies of Sigmund Freud, leading one critic to dub protagonist David Bell as “the American Oedipus.” The present article reconsiders the novel from the perspective of Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theories. Several of Lacan’s key concepts—including his seminal articulation of the Mirror Stage, his revisions to Freud’s Oedipus Complex, his emphasis on lack as the engine of desire, as well as his reflections on dreams, fantasies, and the gaze—help shed new light on DeLillo’s splintered portrait of postmodern subjectivity in 'Americana'. The article uses Lacan to explain how and why each of David Bell’s attempts at indulging his incestuous maternal desires ends in disappointment, with particular emphasis on his three failed attempts at restaging the primal scene. Lacanian psychology provides a conceptual framework and useful taxonomy for understanding the shifting desires, misrecognitions, obfuscations, deflections, projections, and self-reflections of the American Narcissus, David Bell.

  11. Um foco potencial de Tripanosomíase Americana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Distrito Federal

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    F. Nery Guimarães

    1943-12-01

    Full Text Available São relatados estudos epidemiológicos feitos em um foco potencial de Tripanosomiase americana no bairro Santa Teresa na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Enquanto a pesquisa intensiva de Triatomideos em 40 "cafuas" existentes em áreas silvestres do local foi negativa, 11 exemplares (seis fêmeas e cinco machos de Panstrongylus mzgistus (Burmeister, 1835 foram capturados em um grande edifício do local, estando nove infectados pelo Trypanosoma (S. cruzi. Positivamente, tais insetos aí vieram ter atraídos pela grande iluminação dêsse edifício, seus focos de criação encontrando-se na mata. Não foi possível demonstrar de modo indiscutível tais criadouros em cuidadosas pesquisas feitas durante 10 meses. Todavia, em ninho de gambá (Didelphis marsupialis foi achado uma casca de ovo de Triatomídeo, o qual pode ser atribuído ao P. megistus. Também em ninhos dos mesmos marsupiais e também de ratos silvestres foi descoberto um novo Triatomídeo (Parabelminus carioca Lent, 1943 novo transmissor do Trypanosoma (S. cruzi, e que foi motivo de uma publicação anterior. De 42 exemplares de gambás (D. marsupialis submetidos ao exame direto do sangue e ao xenodiagnóstico, 15 (ou seja 35.7 % mostraram-se naturalmente infectados pelo T. (S. cruzi. Dêstes quinze, quatro foram negativos ao exame direto de sangue, mas positivos ao xenodiagnóstico. Outro marsupial (Metachirus nudicaudatus Geoffroy, antes ainda não referido como depositário silvestre do Trypanosoma (S. cruzi, foi verificado com infecção natural pelo xenodiagnóstico. A amostra "gambá” de T. (S. cruzi, mostrou-se patogênica para cao rhesus, gato e cobaio. Foi possível cultivá-la em meios de Nöller e NNN. A amostra "cuica" foi capaz de infectar cão e cobaio e também foi cultivada. A amostra "panstrongylus" também infectou cão e cobaio. Camondongos (Mus musculus, var albina inoculados com qualquer uma das amostras, não apresentaram infecção sanguínea apreciável ao exame

  12. Biologi Perbungaan Tanaman Avokad (Persea Americana Mill.)

    OpenAIRE

    SUKAMTO, L. AGUS

    1985-01-01

    L. AGUS SUKAMTO 1985.The flowering biology of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Berita Biologi 3 (1) 8 - H.- A study on the flowering biology of avocado available at Bogor Botanic Garden was made.The observation was conducted in respects to the opening and closing of the flowers, the versality of the pollen grains which are then related to the fruit production.The climatic condition as well as pollination agents which may affect on the vertilization in avocado are also discussed.

  13. Pathogenicity of Aspergillus westerdijkiae to females and oothecae of Periplaneta Americana

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    Mariah Valente Baggio

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Cockroach control is performed by the application of chemical insecticides which exert high selective pressure on populations and introduces synthetic substances in the environment, motivating the search for other methods of control such as entomopathogenic fungi. The objectives of this study were to investigate the pathogenicity of the JAB 42 Aspergillus westerdijkiae to females and oothecae of Periplaneta americana and to demonstrate its mechanism of action on oothecae. Suspensions containing 106 to 108 conidia/ml were used to infect females and oothecae. Mortality and other variables such as scanning electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the mechanism of action of the fungus. The isolated JAB 42 A. westerdijkiae is pathogenic to oothecae of P. americana, with low capacity to kill females. Adhesion, germination, penetration and extrusion of the fungus on the cockroach oothecae were observed.

  14. CARACTERIZACIÓN Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DEL ACEITE DE LA SEMILLA DE PALTA Persea americana MILL.

    OpenAIRE

    Rengifo, Pedro G.; Carhuapoma, Mario; Artica, Luis; Castro, Américo J.; López, Sofía

    2017-01-01

    La semilla de palta es una parte del fruto descartada en la obtención industrial del aceite de pulpa y podría ser una fuente de ácidos grasos esenciales y otros fitoconstituyentes. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar al aceite de la semilla de Persea americana Mill. Var. Hass Fuerte y su actividad antioxidante. Al aceite obtenido por el método de Soxhlet, se le hizo la caracterización fisicoquímica siguiendo las normas AOCS (Sociedad Americana de la Química de...

  15. Analgesic effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea Americana ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Persea americana, Mill (Lauraceae) is one of the medicinal plants used in Nigeria for pain relief. Based on its ethnomedicinal use in pain management, the seed of the plant was extracted with distilled water and screened for analgesic activity. The analgesic screening was done in mice using four models: acetic ...

  16. Antioxidant neolignans from Cordia americana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernández, Lucía R; Cirigliano, Adriana; Fabani, María P; Lima, Beatriz; Alberti, Sebastián; Kramer, Fernando; Tapia, Alejandro A; Cabrera, Gabriela; Palermo, Jorge A; Sánchez, Marianela

    2013-12-01

    Five new neolignans with a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene framework were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the bark of Cordia americana. The structures and relative configurations of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds showed good antioxidant activities in the DPPH radical scavenging (0.5-100 µg/mL) and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 1-100 µg/mL) assays. One of the compounds displayed mild fungistatic activity at 0.1 µmol/spot against Fusarium virguliforme while, at the same time, all compounds were inactive against several strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria at all assayed concentrations (10-1,000 µg/mL). Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  17. Aplicabilidade de geotecnologias para subsidiar a gestão dos recursos hídricos em Americana (SP / Applicability of geo-technologies to subsidize hydric resources management in the city of Americana (SP

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    Debora Cristina Cantador

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Ao analisar as águas urbanas tendo como recorte territorial o município, vários aspectos precisam ser levados em consideração. Assim pode-se entender como se realiza a gestão e, principalmente, como se encontra a qualidade, a preservação e a conservação dos cursos d’água. Esses aspectos devem estar relacionados, principalmente, com as legislações existentes que servem de subsídios para os gestores. Além disso, entende-se que a dinâmica espacial também auxilia na compreensão e visualização de como os recursos hídricos e os elementos associados a eles se comportam de forma mais ampla. Neste trabalho, buscou-se abordar sobre que modo as geotecnologias podem contribuir como um instrumento importante para a análise da atual situação da gestão dos recursos hídricos, usando como área de estudo o município de Americana (SP.

  18. Métodos para atrair a abelha Apis mellifera L. em cultura de abacate (Persea americana Mill. Methods to attract honeybee Apis mellifera L. to avocado tree (Persea americana Mill

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    Darclet Terezinha Malerbo Souza

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente experimento teve como objetivo avaliar métodos de atração da abelha Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae em duas variedades de abacate (Persea americana Mill.. Os atrativos utilizados foram extratos de Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, Lippia alba, folha de Citrus sp, folha de Eucaliptus sp. e o eugenol e o linalol (SIGMA. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: coberto; descoberto pulverizado (DP; descoberto com tubos e descoberto não pulverizado (DNP. Observou-se que a atratividade das substâncias testadas desapareceu minutos após a sua aplicação, utilizando ou não a glicerina, em ambas as variedades. A pulverização dos extratos de falsa melissa, folhas de eucalipto e folhas de laranja apresentaram um aumento no número de abelhas Apis mellifera, na variedade Quintal. Os dados mostraram que a freqüência das abelhas A. mellifera foi maior na variedade Quintal comparada à variedade Fortuna. Isto pode ter ocorrido devido à maior concentração de açúcares do néctar de suas flores. Observou-se que as abelhas A. mellifera preferiram visitar as flores do abacateiro da variedade Quintal, tanto para néctar quanto para coleta de pólen, comparada à variedade Fortuna. Com relação aos frutos, nenhuma das características apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, em ambas as variedades. Entretanto, observou-se que na variedade Quintal os frutos decorrentes dos tratamentos DP e DNP foram mais pesados, mais compridos e com maior espessura da polpa, comparados ao único fruto obtido do tratamento coberto. Os produtos testados em tubos não foram eficientes para atrair a abelha Apis mellifera, em ambas as variedades.The present experiment was carried out to evaluate some methods to attract honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae to two avocado varieties (Persea americana Mill.. Extracts of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum, Lippia alba, Citrus sp leaf, Eucalyptus sp leaf, the eugenol and linalol

  19. Acute toxicity and genotoxic activity of avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Padilla-Camberos, Eduardo; Martínez-Velázquez, Moisés; Flores-Fernández, José Miguel; Villanueva-Rodríguez, Socorro

    2013-01-01

    The use of vegetal extracts requires toxicological and genotoxic evaluations to establish and verify safety before being added to human cosmetic, pharmaceutical medicine, or alimentary products. Persea americana seeds have been used in traditional medicine as treatment for several diseases. In this work, the ethanolic seed extract of Persea americana was evaluated with respect to its genotoxic potential through micronucleus assay in rodents. The frequency of micronuclei in groups of animals treated with avocado seed extract showed no differences compared to the negative control (vehicle); therefore, it is considered that the avocado seed extract showed no genotoxic activity in the micronucleus test.

  20. Manganese uptake and interactions with cadmium in the hyperaccumulator-Phytolacca Americana L

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peng Kejian [College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China); Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Changsha 410004 (China); Luo Chunling [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong); You Wuxin [College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China); Lian Chunlan [Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002 (Japan); Li Xiangdong [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Shen Zhenguo [College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China)], E-mail: zgshen@njau.edu.cn

    2008-06-15

    In the present study, the accumulation of Mn and other metals by Phytolacca Americana L. from contaminated soils in Hunan Province, South China, was investigated. Results showed that the average concentrations of Mn in the leaves and roots reached 2198 and 80.4 mg kg{sup -1} (dry weight), respectively, with a maximum 13,400 mg kg{sup -1} in the leaves. A significant correlation was found between Mn concentrations in the plant leaves and those in the corresponding soils. Hydroponic experiments were also conducted to study the Cd uptake ability and interactions between Mn and Cd in the plant. It was found that P. americana hyperaccumulated not only Mn, but also Cd in the leaves. In the presence of Cd, adding Mn to the solution significantly improved the plant growth and reduced the concentrations of Cd in all organs of the plant.

  1. GUANTÁNAMO NA SUPREMA CORTE DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Luisa Zago de Moraes

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, o governo norte-americano iniciou  uma“guerra ao terrorismo”, sendo uma das medidas o aprisionamento de supostos terroristas  na Base Naval de Guantánamo, em Cuba, vedando aos detentos o acesso aos tribunais americanos e quaisquer direitos e os tratando como inimigos. Em resposta a essa situação, bem como aos atos normativos que regem o encarceramento, (não processamento e tratamento na prisão, a Suprema Corte Americana, durante o governo de George W. Bush, proferiu três decisões nos casos de terroristas presos nestas circunstâncias. Na primeira, concluiu que o Habeas Corpus é garantia que se estende a qualquer indivíduo; na segunda, invocou o direito internacional dos direitos humanos e salientou que todos os seres humanos são titulares de algum tipo de proteção com base apenas em sua própria humanidade; por fim, na última, afastou novas normas que excluíam a garantia de  Habeas Corpus e conclui que juntas militares não constituem um mecanismo justo para evitar a prisão de inocentes.

  2. Race, Interracial Admixture and Genetic Differentiation of Avocado (Persea americana Mill)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a major tropical fruit crop native to Mesoamerica and domesticated around 8000 to 7000 BC. It is a member of the Laureace family and currently classified into three subspecies or races: Guatemalan (G), Mexican (M) and West Indian (WI) according to their ecological...

  3. Distribution and characterization of Heterobilharzia americana in dogs in Texas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez, J Y; Lewis, B C; Snowden, K F

    2014-06-16

    Heterobilharzia americana is a trematode parasite (family Schistosomatidae) that infects a wide range of wild mammalian hosts. Canine cases have been reported in the Gulf coast and south Atlantic states, Kansas, and Oklahoma. A total of 238 canine H. americana cases in Texas were retrospectively collected for a period of approximately 22 years from case records at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory and the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital pathology service, diagnostic parasitology service, and Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. Of these cases, 26 patients had 1-2 repeat positive tests for a total of 268 positive tests (26 biopsies, 39 necropsies, 160 fecal examinations, and 43 PCR). Multiple dogs were infected in 12 households. Cases were distributed primarily in the eastern region of Texas in 42 of 254 counties. Cases were seen as far west as Kerr county and in counties bordering Oklahoma, Louisiana, Mexico, and the Gulf of Mexico. The median dog age was 5.6 years (2.7 months to 17.2 years) and the median weight was 20.5 kg (1-61.6 kg). All American Kennel Club (AKC) breed groups were represented (n=186): crossbred (20%), herding (17.8%), sporting (16.1%), toy (10.8%), hounds (10.8%), working (10.1%), terrier (8.5%), non-sporting (4.9%), and miscellaneous (1%). No seasonal pattern of diagnosis was apparent. Clinical signs reported (n=90) were diarrhea (67%), weight loss (38%), anorexia/hyporexia (27%), vomiting (22%), hematochezia (20%), lethargy (17%), polyuria/polydipsia (6%), and collapse (3%). In 39 necropsy cases, trematode eggs were identified by histopathology in the small intestine (84%), liver (84%), large intestine (39%), pancreas (35%), lung (9%), lymph node (8%), spleen (4%), and stomach (3%). Adult parasites were identified histologically in four cases. Granulomatous inflammation associated with the eggs was the most commonly reported histopathologic change. Other changes reported

  4. Effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ["Avocado"] ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and on kidney cell lines of the proximal (LLCPK1) and distal tubules (MDBK).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gondwe, M; Kamadyaapa, D R; Tufts, M A; Chuturgoon, A A; Ojewole, J A O; Musabayane, C T

    2008-01-01

    Extracts of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ("Avocado") have been traditionally used to treat hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, we studied the hypoglycaemic and renal function effects of P. americana leaf ethanolic extracts (PAE) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral glucose tolerance responses to various doses of PAE were monitored in fasted rats following a glucose load. Rats treated with deionized water or standard hypoglycaemic drugs acted as untreated and treated positive controls, respectively. Acute renal effects of PAE were investigated in anesthetized rats challenged with 0.077 M NaCl after a 3.5-h equilibration for 4 h comprising 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment and 1.5 h recovery periods. PAE was added to the infusate during the treatment period. Hepatic glycogen concentration was measured after 6 weeks of daily treatment with PAE. PAE induced dose-dependent hypoglycaemic responses in STZ-induced diabetic rats while subchronic PAE treatment additionally increased hepatic glycogen concentrations. Acute PAE infusion decreased urine flow and electrolyte excretion rates, whilst subchronic treatment reduced plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. These results indicate not only the basis of the ethnomedicinal use of P. americana leaf extract in diabetes management, but also of need for further studies to identify and evaluate the safety of PAE's bioactive compounds. (c) 2008 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.

  5. A influência da cultura Otaku na sociedade ocidental

    OpenAIRE

    Barros, Carlos

    2016-01-01

    Com este artigo pretende-se contar a história e o impacto da cultura otaku (cultura pop japonesa) na sociedade ocidental, com principal ênfase nas relações Japão-Estados Unidos da América e ainda com uma pequena ênfase no efeito desta subcultura em Portugal. Durante o artigo abordar-se-ão temas históricos e actuais sobre o que levou ao desenvolvimento desta subcultura, como a história Japonesa, o desenvolvimento pós-guerra do Japão, a influência americana no anime japonês e posterior influênc...

  6. Herança e ligação em locos de isoenzimas em Genipa americana L. Inheritance and linkage in isozymes loci of Genipa americana L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Magno SEBBENN

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available A herança e a ligação foram estudadasem quatro locos polimórficos (6pghd-1, Pgi-2,Mdh-1 e Mdh-2 de três sistemas isoenzimáticos deGenipa americana, analisados por eletroforesehorizontal em gel de amido, usando tecidoscoletados de quinze progênies de polinização aberta,procedentes de Moji-Guaçu, Estado de São Paulo.Esses locos segregaram de dois a três alelos.A segregação nesses locos foi homogênea entreárvores. Contudo, existem desvios significativos dasegregação esperada 1:1 para algumas árvores emalguns locos. Desvios significativos da razão desegregação esperada 1:1 foram detectados noslocos Mdh-2 e 6pgdh-1. Não foram detectadasevidências de ligação entre nenhum dos pares delocos avaliados em G. americana e esses podemser utilizados sem restrição para estudos do sistemade reprodução, diversidade e estrutura genética depopulações da espécie.Inheritance and linkage for fourpolymorphic loci (6pghd-1, Pgi-2, Mdh-1 andMdh-2 from three enzyme systems in Genipaamericana were analyzed by horizontal starch gelelectrophoresis using tissues collected from fiftyopen-pollinated families in Moji-Guaçu, São PauloState. These allozyme loci have segregated fromtwo to four alleles per polymorphic locus. Genesegregation on those loci was homogeneous amongtrees. However, there were significant deviationsfrom the expected segregation ratios on some lociand some individual trees. In addition, Mdh-2 and6pgdh-1 loci have shown significant deviationsfrom the 1:1 expected segregation ratio. Linkagedisequilibrium evidences were not detected betweenany two pairs of loci from G. americana and thosecan be used with no restriction to study the matingsystem, genetic diversity, and genetic structure onthe species.

  7. Acute Toxicity and Genotoxic Activity of Avocado Seed Extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Padilla-Camberos

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The use of vegetal extracts requires toxicological and genotoxic evaluations to establish and verify safety before being added to human cosmetic, pharmaceutical medicine, or alimentary products. Persea americana seeds have been used in traditional medicine as treatment for several diseases. In this work, the ethanolic seed extract of Persea americana was evaluated with respect to its genotoxic potential through micronucleus assay in rodents. The frequency of micronuclei in groups of animals treated with avocado seed extract showed no differences compared to the negative control (vehicle; therefore, it is considered that the avocado seed extract showed no genotoxic activity in the micronucleus test.

  8. Ultrastructure and electrolyte transport of the epithelium of coprodeum, colon and the proctodeal diverticulum of Rhea americana

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Elbrønd, Vibeke Sødring; Laverty, Gary; Dantzer, Vibeke

    2009-01-01

    chloride secretion response, and ouabain, the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, abolished most of the ISC. The transepithelial resistance (TER) of the diverticulum was much higher than the other tissues. Upon dissection, urate from ureteral urine was observed in the lower third of the colon and to a lesser extent......The structure and function of the lower intestinal tract of Rhea americana were characterized to evaluate the evolutionary relationship to other struthioniform and avian species. In 5 rheaqs the gross anatomy and the light and transmission electron microscopy were studied in parallel to in vitro...... large amounts of mucus. The proctodeal diverticulum was rich in lymphoid tissue arranged into lobuli bursales, and it was concluded that this structure is a modified bursa of Fabricius. The sparse interlobular epithelium of the diverticulum resembled that of colon and coprodeum. Baseline short circuit...

  9. O escudo da América: o discurso patriótico na revista Captain America Comics (1941-1954)

    OpenAIRE

    Priscilla Ferreira Cerencio

    2011-01-01

    Quando nos deparamos com a imagem do personagem Capitão América tendemos a relacioná-lo com um herói confiante, tão patriótico que veste a bandeira de seu país. O super-herói, criado por Joe Simon e Jack Kirby na década de 1940, ao longo do século XX se transformou em um ícone tão representativo da nação americana quanto o próprio Tio Sam. Nesta dissertação nos propomos a analisar os aspectos centrais do discurso patriótico contido na revista Captain America Comics, publicada nos Estados Unid...

  10. Identification of Heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog residing in Indiana with no history of travel.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez, Jessica Y; Camp, Joseph W; Lenz, Stephen D; Kazacos, Kevin R; Snowden, Karen F

    2016-04-01

    A 1-year-old castrated male dog residing in Indiana was examined because of intermittent vomiting of 4 months' duration. The dog's condition did not resolve with medication. Diagnostic imaging revealed a possible partial obstruction at the ileocecal junction. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. The jejunum contained diffusely distributed, nodular, intramural lesions; 2 biopsy specimens were collected from representative lesions. The pancreas was grossly swollen, and pancreatitis was presumed present. No other abnormalities were observed in the abdomen. Histologic examination of the submitted biopsy specimens revealed infection with Heterobilharzia americana. After diagnosis, the dog was treated with fenbendazole suspension (48 mg/kg [21.8 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) for 10 days. This treatment was subsequently repeated 11 and 80 days later. One week after the end of the last fenbendazole treatment, several H americana eggs were detected in a fecal sample via saline sedimentation, and the dog was given praziquantel (25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h) for 2 days. No gastrointestinal signs were evident 4 months after that treatment. The dog described in this report was the first autochthonous canine case of H americana infection in Indiana, to the authors' knowledge; this case has confirmed that the distribution of this parasite in the Midwestern United States is broader than previously known. Increased awareness of the distribution of H americana should aid veterinarians in early, noninvasive diagnosis and appropriate treatment of affected animals. Repeated treatments and recheck fecal examinations may be necessary when managing these cases.

  11. Effects of Persea americana leaf extracts on body weight and liver ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    GREGO

    2007-04-16

    Apr 16, 2007 ... weight of either aqueous or methanolic extract of P. americana leaf daily for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the overall body weight gain of the hyperlipidaemic rats compared to normal control. However, the administration of the aqueous and methanolic extracts provoked 14 and.

  12. Um estadista na academia: Joaquim Nabuco na Universidade de Yale A Statesman in the Academy: Joaquim Nabuco at Yale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenneth David Jackson

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Um estudo das conferências acadêmicas que pronunciou Joaquim Nabuco, embaixador do Brasil em Washington, D.C., na Universidade de Yale e mais cinco universidades americanas durante o período 1908-1909. Nabuco volta a Camões como exemplo do amor a uma língua e uma cultura, das quais o Brasil seria a maior realização, e aproxima o espírito do nacionalismo das duas grandes nações como exemplos para a política do pan-americanismo da época.A study of the academic discourses of Joaquim Nabuco, Brazil’s ambassador in Washington, D.C., at Yale and five more universities from 1908-1909. Nabuco returns to Camões as the example of great love for a language and a culture, nobly represented by Brazil. Nabuco compares the two great nations as examples for the then current politics of pan-americanism.

  13. Vascular riffle flora of Appalachian streams: the ecology and effects of acid mine drainage on Justificia americana (L. ) Vahl

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koryak, M.; Reilly, R.J.

    1984-06-01

    Justicia americana is a stout-based colonial plant, abundant in most of the larger, low to moderate gradient streams of the upper Ohio River basin. The distribution of J. americana is related to acid drainage from bituminous coal mining operations in the upper Ohio River drainage basin. Possible fluvial and biological consequences of the colonization or absence of Justicia are considered. Luxuriant growths were noted on gravel bars and riffles of larger, unpolluted streams in the basin. Acid mine drainage severely depresses the growth of the plant, leaving gravel shoals and riffles in the acid streams either barren or dominated by other emergent species. Particular among these new species is Elecocharis acicularis. The elimination of J. americana from suitable habitat adversely affects channel morphology, substrate composition, general aesthetic quality and aquatic stream life in the region. 16 references, 2 figures, 3 tables.

  14. Reflexões sobre as Independências Ibero-americanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Chust

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é refletir acerca do tema das independências iberoamericanas do século XIX como objeto historiográfico, considerando-o em tempos e espaços amplos, gerais e de dimensões européias e americanas. Resgatando algumas das principais teses a respeito formuladas nas últimas quatro décadas, pretende-se examinar algumas posições em voga no momento, considerando-se a efervescência historiográfica anunciada pelas comemorações dos bicentenários no mundo ibérico.

  15. Establishing of Agave Americana industry in South Africa

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Boguslavsky, A

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available of the sisal decorticator was therefore modified to make it more suitable for the processing of Agave Americana leaves. Steel side plates were attached to the rotor to prevent the blockage of the machine. The feeding tray and beater bars were modified... to accommodate the side plates of the enlarged rotor. For added operator safety, a “tunnel” guard was also added the feeding tray through which the leaves are fed. The size of this was such that the Agave leaf could fit into it but without any space...

  16. One pot phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Genipa americana fruit extract and its biological applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, Brajesh; Smita, Kumari; Cumbal, Luis; Camacho, Javier; Hernández-Gallegos, Elisabeth; Guadalupe Chávez-López, María de; Grijalva, Marcelo; Andrade, Kleber

    2016-01-01

    In this article, rapid one pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using an eco-friendly extract of Genipa americana L. fruit is described. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies demonstrated that small molecules such as genipin, genipaol, geniposide and ranolazine can act as reducer as well as stabilizers. The monodispersed, spherical GNPs were further characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy at λ max = 535 nm, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This synthetic approach offers a greener and alternate route to the preparation of GNPs free from toxic chemical components and stable for 6–7 months under room temperature. The green synthesized GNPs showed weak antioxidant efficacy against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and no cytotoxicity against A-549 and HeLa human cancer cell lines, from lung and cervix. This study opens a new industrial scope of G. americana fruit in nanoscience and as surface modified GNPs can be developed into a successful drug carrier for future pharmaceutical products. - Highlights: • Gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by Genipa americana fruit extract. • TEM-DLS analysis confirmed that the average particle size is 30.4 ± 14.9 nm. • Nanoparticles showed weak antioxidant and no cytotoxicity activity.

  17. One pot phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Genipa americana fruit extract and its biological applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kumar, Brajesh, E-mail: krmbraj@gmail.com [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador); Smita, Kumari; Cumbal, Luis [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador); Camacho, Javier [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador); Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Farmacología, C.P. 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Hernández-Gallegos, Elisabeth; Guadalupe Chávez-López, María de [Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Farmacología, C.P. 07360 Mexico City (Mexico); Grijalva, Marcelo; Andrade, Kleber [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolqui, P.O. BOX 171-5-231B (Ecuador)

    2016-05-01

    In this article, rapid one pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using an eco-friendly extract of Genipa americana L. fruit is described. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies demonstrated that small molecules such as genipin, genipaol, geniposide and ranolazine can act as reducer as well as stabilizers. The monodispersed, spherical GNPs were further characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy at λ{sub max} = 535 nm, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This synthetic approach offers a greener and alternate route to the preparation of GNPs free from toxic chemical components and stable for 6–7 months under room temperature. The green synthesized GNPs showed weak antioxidant efficacy against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and no cytotoxicity against A-549 and HeLa human cancer cell lines, from lung and cervix. This study opens a new industrial scope of G. americana fruit in nanoscience and as surface modified GNPs can be developed into a successful drug carrier for future pharmaceutical products. - Highlights: • Gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by Genipa americana fruit extract. • TEM-DLS analysis confirmed that the average particle size is 30.4 ± 14.9 nm. • Nanoparticles showed weak antioxidant and no cytotoxicity activity.

  18. Antimicrobial activity of crude epicarp and seed extracts from mature avocado fruit (Persea americana) of three cultivars.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raymond Chia, Teck Wah; Dykes, Gary A

    2010-07-01

    The epicarp and seed of Persea Americana Mill. var. Hass (Lauraceae), Persea Americana Mill. var. Shepard, and Persea americana Mill. var Fuerte cultivars of mature avocados (n = 3) were ground separately and extracted with both absolute ethanol and distilled water. Extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial activity using the microtiter broth microdilution assay against four Gram-positive bacteria, six Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast. Antimicrobial activity against two molds was determined by the hole plate method. The ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity (104.2-416.7 microg/mL) toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (except Escherichia coli), while inhibition of the water extracts was only observed for Listeria monocytogenes (93.8-375.0 microg/mL) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (354.2 microg/mL). The minimum concentration required to inhibit Zygosaccharomyces bailii was 500 microg/mL for the ethanol extracts, while no inhibition was observed for the water extracts. No inhibition by either ethanol or water extracts was observed against Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus flavus.

  19. Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth and fructan production of Agave americana L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neyser De La Torre-Ruiz

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT The effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria inoculation on plant growth and the sugar content in Agave americana was assessed. The bacterial strains ACO-34A, ACO-40, and ACO-140, isolated from the A. americana rhizosphere, were selected for this study to evaluate their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The three bacterial strains were evaluated via plant inoculation assays, and Azospirillum brasilense Cd served as a control strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strains ACO-34A, ACO-40 and ACO-140 were Rhizobium daejeonense, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas mosselii, respectively. All of the strains were able to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, solubilize phosphate, and had nitrogenase activity. Inoculation using the plant growth-promoting bacteria strains had a significant effect (p < 0.05 on plant growth and the sugar content of A. americana, showing that these native plant growth-promoting bacteria are a practical, simple, and efficient alternative to promote the growth of agave plants with proper biological characteristics for agroindustrial and biotechnological use and to increase the sugar content in this agave species.

  20. Infecções experimentaes na Leishmaniose visceral americana Experimental infections in american visceral leishmaniasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aristides Marques da Cunha

    1938-01-01

    Full Text Available Passando em revista as experiencias de infecção que effectuamos e que acabamos de relatar, vemos que, as culturas isoladas de casos de Leishmaniose visceral americana quer do homem quer do cão, são capazes de infectar hamsters, rhesus e cães de maneira identica ao que acontece com as outras formas de Kala-Azar. Notamos ainda que a evolução da doença e as lesões observadas nos animaes assim infectados, se assemelham ao que tem sido observado nessa enfermidade aproximando-a de maneira singular do Kala-Azar mediterraneo. É sobretudo no cão que a semelhança se torna mais patente. A infecção da pelle e as lesões por ella provocadas que observamos, não differem em nada das que tem sido descriptas na infecção natural do cão e já assignaladas tambem na infecção experimental desse animal, embora de maneira menos completa do que fazemos agora aqui. As lesões oculares com formação de placas de keratite, a infeccção massiça do intestino nos casos fataes de infecção e até mesmo as lesões do figado descriptas por Adler como peculiares á infecção experimental, (infiltração em torno da veia central do lobulo constituem outros tantos caracteres que mostram a completa analogia entre as infecções do cão que obtivemos e as já observadas no Kala-Azar mediterraneo. Além disso, a presença de Leishmanias na pelle, as vezes em grande numero e a constancia dessa localisação parasitaria, vem mostrar que o cão apresenta as condições necessarias para desempenhar o papel de depositario de virus tal como acontece no Kala-Azar mediterraneo, tanto mais que é elle encontrado naturalmente infectado, nas regiões em que grassa a doença. Mas não é só a infecção do cão que mostra essa semelhança; nos outros animaes tambem se verifica o mesmo facto e até pequenos signaes, taes como a tumefacção das patas assignalada nos hamsters infectados com Leishmania infantum, foram tambem observados aqui. Por outro lado, a reacção de

  1. Poder e saude na America do Sul: os congressos sanitarios internacionais, 1870-1889

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cleide de Lima Chaves

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Analisa os congressos sanitários internacionais que aconteceram na América do Sul em 1873 e 1887, e que envolveram o Império do Brasil e as Repúblicas da Argentina e do Uruguai, numa perspectiva de integração a eventos similares ocorridos na Europa e na América do Norte a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Discutem-se os interesses dos países envolvidos no que se refere às relações comerciais e ao fluxo imigratório europeu, diretamente atingidos pelas epidemias, e apontam-se as repercussões desses acordos sanitários nos demais países do continente americano. As convenções sanitárias americanas do final do século XIX representaram as primeiras iniciativas do continente para solucionar os problemas de saúde pública internacional.

  2. O cenário moderno de São Paulo e Buenos Aires na história e na historiografia latino americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Marchesini Galvão

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available A formação da história urbana na América Latina recebeu contribuições das mais diversas origens com o passar do tempo, respondendo tanto a condicionantes externas a seus limites – quando se relaciona aos movimentos geralmente iniciados na Europa ou, mais recentemente, nos Estados Unidos – como a fatores internos, que vão desde a estrutura herdada do período pré-colombiano até as narrativas contemporâneas que tentam se desvincular de uma história oficial, rompendo com a noção de influência e buscando uma história própria. Este trabalho analisa três obras situadas em diferentes tempos e espaços, representando distintos modos de pensar a história urbana na América Latina, o que permite uma visão plural dos acontecimentos históricos que passam a ser ressignificados após uma nova visão de conjunto.

  3. Migração, Globalização e Relações Internacionais: em Busca de Novas Interpretações Fundamentadas em Evidencias Latino-Americanas Recentes - 10.5102/uri.v3i2.285

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available O propósito deste estudo é compreender, avaliar e propor novas interpretações sobre o fenômeno da migração internacional, em geral, e da migração latino-americana, em particular, a partir de evidencia documental recente. Ao analisar especificamente o caso das tendências migratórias na América Latina e Caribe é bastante claro que o fenômeno se transformou em tema de grande relevância na agenda hemisférica e global. Segundo estimativas recentes, aproximadamente 40 milhões de latino-americanos e caribenhos moram fora dos seus paises de origem. Outrossim, existem boas razões para prever que a migração internacional, em geral, e a migração latino-americana e caribenha, em particular, continuarão sendo fenômenos importantes nas relações internacionais nas próximas décadas. Este expressivo fluxo migratório no sentido Sul-Norte é impulsionado por dois importantes conjuntos de motivos. De um lado, as profundas diferenças econômicas internacionais e as agudas insuficiências estruturais dos países em desenvolvimento favorecem a opção de procurar novos horizontes em outros países, regiões e continentes. De outro, é cada vez mais evidente que os países capitalistas avançados – porém demograficamente envelhecidos – precisam de uma força de trabalho jovem, qualificada e certamente estrangeira, inclusive para manter seus altos padrões de consumo e renda. Portanto, trata-se de alcançar um novo equilíbrio na procura e demanda de força de trabalho, no contexto geral do processo de globalização.

  4. Evaluation of Cruzia americana, Turgida turgida, and Didelphostrongylus hayesi infection in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and risk factors along the California coast.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nichelason, Amy E; Rejmanek, Dan; Dabritz, Haydee A; Melli, Ann C; Miller, Melissa; Conrad, Patricia A

    2008-10-01

    Three nematodes, Turgida turgida, Cruzia americana, and Didelphostrongylus hayesi, have been documented to cause morbidity and mortality in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). The present study was designed to determine the frequency of infection of these nematodes in opossums at 2 study sites in California and to determine if there are risk factors associated with shedding of eggs or larvae in the feces. Turgida turgida and C. americana adults were found in 84.4% (stomach; n = 45) and 62.5% (intestinal wash and feces; n = 16) of sampled opossums. Eggs were present in opossum feces (n = 105) less frequently (40% T. turgida and 35.2% C. americana). Didelphostrongylus hayesi larvae were found in 79.0% of opossum feces examined (n = 105). Adult age and wet season (December through April) were significant predictive factors for the presence of T. turgida eggs, whereas the dry season (May through November) was significantly associated with the presence of C. americana eggs in feces. Adult opossums were more likely to have eggs and larvae from all 3 nematodes in the feces.

  5. Antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of Mammea americana and Tabernaemontana cymosa on Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gómez-Calderón, Cecilia; Mesa-Castro, Carol; Robledo, Sara; Gómez, Sergio; Bolivar-Avila, Santiago; Diaz-Castillo, Fredyc; Martínez-Gutierrez, Marlen

    2017-01-18

    The transmission of Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has increased worldwide, due in part to the lack of a specific antiviral treatment. For this reason, the search for compounds with antiviral potential, either as licensed drugs or in natural products, is a research priority. The objective of this study was to identify some of the compounds that are present in Mammea americana (M. americana) and Tabernaemontana cymosa (T. cymosa) plants and, subsequently, to evaluate their cytotoxicity in VERO cells and their potential antiviral effects on DENV and CHIKV infections in those same cells. Dry ethanolic extracts of M. americana and T. cymosa seeds were subjected to open column chromatographic fractionation, leading to the identification of four compounds: two coumarins, derived from M. americana; and lupeol acetate and voacangine derived from T. cymosa.. The cytotoxicity of each compound was subsequently assessed by the MTT method (at concentrations from 400 to 6.25 μg/mL). Pre- and post-treatment antiviral assays were performed at non-toxic concentrations; the resulting DENV inhibition was evaluated by Real-Time PCR, and the CHIKV inhibition was tested by the plating method. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis. The compounds showed low toxicity at concentrations ≤ 200 μg/mL. The compounds coumarin A and coumarin B, which are derived from the M. americana plant, significantly inhibited infection with both viruses during the implementation of the two experimental strategies employed here (post-treatment with inhibition percentages greater than 50%, p treatment with percentages of inhibition greater than 40%, p treatment strategy (at inhibition percentages greater than 70%, p treating Dengue and Chikungunya fever. Additionally, lupeol acetate and voacangine efficiently inhibit infection with DENV, also turning them into promising antivirals for Dengue fever.

  6. Applications of Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium Longum with Eleutherine Americana in Fresh Milk Tofu and Pineapple Juice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Atchara N. Phoem

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Bifidobacterium longum was microencapsulated by extrusion technique and added in fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. Microencapsulation of B. longum with Eleutherine americana extract, oligosaccharides extract, and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides was assessed for the bacterial survival after sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, and refrigeration storage. Microencapsulated B. longum with the extract and oligosaccharides extract in the food products showed better survival than free cells under adverse conditions. Sensory analysis demonstrated that the products containing co-encapsulated bacterial cells were more acceptable by consumers than free cells. Pineapple juice prepared with co-encapsulated cells had lower values for over acidification, compared with the juice with free cells added. This work suggested that microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana could enhance functional properties of fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice.

  7. Applications of Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium Longum with Eleutherine Americana in Fresh Milk Tofu and Pineapple Juice

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phoem, Atchara N.; Chanthachum, Suphitchaya; Voravuthikunchai, Supayang P.

    2015-01-01

    Bifidobacterium longum was microencapsulated by extrusion technique and added in fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. Microencapsulation of B. longum with Eleutherine americana extract, oligosaccharides extract, and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides was assessed for the bacterial survival after sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, and refrigeration storage. Microencapsulated B. longum with the extract and oligosaccharides extract in the food products showed better survival than free cells under adverse conditions. Sensory analysis demonstrated that the products containing co-encapsulated bacterial cells were more acceptable by consumers than free cells. Pineapple juice prepared with co-encapsulated cells had lower values for over acidification, compared with the juice with free cells added. This work suggested that microencapsulated B. longum with E. americana could enhance functional properties of fresh milk tofu and pineapple juice. PMID:25854832

  8. Cloning of a chitinase gene from Ewingella americana, a pathogen of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P.W. Inglis

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available We have isolated a gene encoding a chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14 from Ewingella americana, a recently described pathogen of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. This gene, designated chiA (EMBL/Genbank/DDBJ accession number X90562, was cloned by expression screening of a plasmid-based E. americana HindIII genomic library in Escherichia coli using remazol brilliant violet-stained carboxymethylated chitin incorporated into selective medium. The chiA gene has a 918-bp ORF, terminated by a TAA codon, with a calculated polypeptide size of 33.2 kDa, likely corresponding to a previously purified and characterised 33-kDa endochitinase from E. americana. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 33% identity with chitinase II from Aeromonas sp. No. 10S-24 and 7.8% identity with a chitinase from Saccharopolyspora erythraeus. Homology to other chitinase sequences was otherwise low. The peptide sequence deduced from chiA lacks a typical N-terminal signal sequence and also lacks the chitin binding and type III fibronectin homology units common to many bacterial chitinases. The possibility that this chitinase is not primarily adapted for the environmental mineralisation of pre-formed chitin, but rather for the breakdown of nascent chitin, is discussed in the context of mushroom disease.O gene que codifica uma quitinase (EC 3.2.1.14 foi isolado de Ewingella americana, recentemente descrita como patógeno do cogumelo Agaricus bisporus. Este gene, denominado chiA (EMBL/Genebank/DDBJ número de acesso X9061, foi clonado e selecionado a partir de livraria genômica construída por digestão do DNA de E. americana com HindIII e ligação em plasmídio de expressão em E. coli, utilizando meio seletivo contendo quitina carboximetilada, corada com "remazol brilliant violet'' para seleção de clones. O gene chiA apresenta uma ORF de 918 bp, código terminador TAA, tendo o tamanho do polipeptídeo sido calculado como 33,2 kDa, o qual corresponde ao tamanho de 33 kDa da endoquitinase

  9. Tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana pelo niridazol

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    Miroslau Constante Baranski

    1970-08-01

    áficas foram detectadas em sete de oito doentes que não tinham cardiopatias concomitantes (87,5% dos casos, mas não se acompanharam de clínica relacionada com o aparelho cardiovascular. Alterações eletroencefalográficas foram observadas em 3 de 9 doentes que foram submetidos a exames seriados. O autor ficou decepcionado com os maus resultados terapêuticos. A droga curou as lesões cutâneas de dois dentre três doentes nos quais puderam ser completadas as cinco séries de tratamento. A temporária e aparente melhora das lesões mucosas seguiu-se sempre da sua recidiva, após o término do tratamento em todos os pacientes com lesões mucosas. O autor conclui que o niridazol não é medicamento eficaz na terapêutica da leishmaniose tegumentar americana com lesões mucosas metastáticas tardias localizadas no nariz, boca e/ou faringe. O autor aconselha vigilância dos doentes durante o tratamento devido à possibilidade do aparecimento de manifestações neuropsíquicas.

  10. Multi scale habitat relationships of Martes americana in northern Idaho, U.S.A.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tzeidle N. Wasserman; Samuel A. Cushman; David O. Wallin; Jim Hayden

    2012-01-01

    We used bivariate scaling and logistic regression to investigate multiple-scale habitat selection by American marten (Martes americana). Bivariate scaling reveals dramatic differences in the apparent nature and strength of relationships between marten occupancy and a number of habitat variables across a range of spatial scales. These differences include reversals in...

  11. Introducao e expansao da Leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos no estado de Sao Paulo, 1999-2011

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    Marisa Furtado Mozini Cardim

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar a expansão da ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos e identificar localidades prioritárias para o desenvolvimento de ações de vigilância e controle. MÉTODOS : A área de estudo constituiu-se dos 316 municípios do estado de São Paulo pertencentes às cinco regiões de saúde com ocorrência da leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos, utilizando os casos autóctones e óbitos, com ano de notificação e município de ocorrência. Calcularam-se taxas de incidência e de mortalidade e letalidade por município, por região e para a área de estudo. Utilizaram-se o estimador bayesiano empírico para obtenção de taxas de incidência e de mortalidade bayesianas locais para cada município e a krigagem para visualização da distribuição espacial das temperaturas e das precipitações pluviométricas. RESULTADOS : Foram detectados 73 municípios com transmissão da doença. As primeiras ocorrências deram-se em áreas com maiores temperaturas e menores pluviosidades, mas sua disseminação também ocorreu em áreas menos quentes e mais úmidas. A expansão da leishmaniose visceral americana em humanos apresentou um eixo principal de disseminação no sentido noroeste para sudeste, acompanhando a rodovia Marechal Rondon e o gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil, e um eixo secundário, na direção norte-sul, acompanhando a malha rodoviária. As taxas de incidência, segundo regiões de saúde, apresentaram um pico seguido de queda, com exceção da região de São José do Rio Preto. Observou-se maior concentração de municípios com altas taxas de incidência e mortalidade nas regiões de saúde de Araçatuba, Presidente Prudente e Marília. CONCLUSÕES : Possíveis fatores determinantes da expansão da doença incluíram a rodovia Marechal Rondon e a construção do gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil. Fatores climáticos pareceram não ter papel determinante nessa expansão. O uso de técnicas de análise espacial

  12. PROLEGÔMENO ÀS REVOLUÇÕES RELIGIOSAS NA AMÉRICA LATINA

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    David Lehmann

    1992-12-01

    Full Text Available Nos últimos anos tornou-se cada vez mais clara a decepção daqueles que gostariam de ter visto o catolicismo "progressista" e as idéias associadas à Teologia da Libertação tornarem-se uma poderosa força de mudança na Igreja e na sociedade. Em contraste, o crescimento da variante pentecostal do protestantismo, comumente identificado com a moderna cultura americana, surpreendeu e chocou muitos observadores. Com base em trabalho de campo realizado em Salvador (Bahia, este artigo compara esses dois movimentos e mostra o que os divide e também o que eles têm em comum, à luz do que os aproxima da cultura popular, dos modelos de desenvolvimento que encerram e de sua inserção no fenômeno da globalização.

  13. IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY STUDY OF AGAVE AMERICANA, STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA AND ARECA CATECHU EXTRACTS USING MCF-7 CELL LINE

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    Anajwala Chetan C.

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Research is focusing on the search for new types of natural chemotherapeutic agent that is plant based medicines which are proving to be excellent sources of new compounds. In present research study, an attempt was made to prove cytotoxicity activity of various parts of medicinal plants such as Agave americana, Strychnos nux-vomica and Areca catechu using MCF-7 and Vero cell line. Various parts of the medicinal plants were extracted by soxhlet apparatus using solvents likes methanol and water. By trypan blue dye exclusion method, Viability of MCF-7 and Vero cell lines were 85.50 and 81.13%, respectively. IC50 value of methanol extract of Agave americana leaves and aqueous extract of Areca catechu fruits were found to be 545.9 & 826.1 µg/ml by SRB assay and 775.1 & 1461µg/ml by MTT assay, respectively, against MCF-7 cell line. From cytotoxicity study data by SRB and MTT assay, it revealed that methanol extract of Agave americana and aqueous extract of Areca catechu are potent cytotoxic.

  14. Caracterización química foliar de los árboles de aguacate criollo (Persea americana var. drymifolia en los bancos de germoplasma de Michoacán, México Foliar chemical caracterization of the creole avocado trees (Persea americana var. drymifolia in the germplasm banks from Michoacán, Mexico

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    Cintia A. Rincón-Hernández

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Persea americana var. drymifolia (aguacate criollo mexicano se emplea como portainjerto en huertos de aguacate Hass y es fuente de genes de resistencia a plagas y patógenos para éste y otros cultivares. El aguacate criollo mexicano se está sustituyendo por cultivares comerciales o perdiendo por la destrucción de ecosistemas. Por eso, se estudiaron 250 árboles (52 accesiones de 14 estados de México; 247 de criollo mexicano y 3 híbridos de éste con P.shiedeana, P. americana var. americana y P. americana var. guatemalensis, plantados en los bancos de germoplasma en Michoacán. Se analizó la composición química mediante cromatografía de gases-masas. Hubo alta variabilidad química entre los árboles del banco de germoplasma con los 64 compuestos detectados. El análisis de cúmulos mostró 2 grandes grupos químicos con 100% disimilitud y 22 grupos a 10% de disimilitud. Los híbridos se agruparon de manera diferente a los árboles con características típicas de criollo y difieren en su altitud de origen. Corroboramos que los volátiles foliares sirven como marcadores para diferenciar los criollos típicos de sus híbridos y que mucha variación atribuida a la variedad criolla proviene de hibridaciones en zonas de contacto de esta variedad con otras variedades o especies de Persea.Persea americana var. drymifolia (mexican creole avocado is used as rootstock in Hass avocado orchards and it is a source of genes for resistance to pests and pathogens for this and other cultivars. The Mexican varieties are being replaced by commercial cultivars or lost by the destruction of ecosystems. Therefore, we studied 250 avocado trees of 52 accessions from 14 Mexican states; 247 mexican creole avocado and 3 hybrids of that tree with P. shiedeana, P. americana var. americana or P. americana var. guatemalensis, planted at germplasm banks, Michoacán. Foliar chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. High chemical variability among the trees was found

  15. Phylogenomic analysis of Odyssella thessalonicensis fortifies the common origin of Rickettsiales, Pelagibacter ubique and Reclimonas americana mitochondrion.

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    Kalliopi Georgiades

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The evolution of the Alphaproteobacteria and origin of the mitochondria are topics of considerable debate. Most studies have placed the mitochondria ancestor within the Rickettsiales order. Ten years ago, the bacterium Odyssella thessalonicensis was isolated from Acanthamoeba spp., and the 16S rDNA phylogeny placed it within the Rickettsiales. Recently, the whole genome of O. thessalonicensis has been sequenced, and 16S rDNA phylogeny and more robust and accurate phylogenomic analyses have been performed with 65 highly conserved proteins. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The results suggested that the O. thessalonicensis emerged between the Rickettsiales and other Alphaproteobacteria. The mitochondrial proteins of the Reclinomonas americana have been used to locate the phylogenetic position of the mitochondrion ancestor within the Alphaproteobacteria tree. Using the K tree score method, nine mitochondrion-encoded proteins, whose phylogenies were congruent with the Alphaproteobacteria phylogenomic tree, have been selected and concatenated for Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenies. The Reclinomonas americana mitochondrion is a sister taxon to the free-living bacteria Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, and together, they form a clade that is deeply rooted in the Rickettsiales clade. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The Reclinomonas americana mitochondrion phylogenomic study confirmed that mitochondria emerged deeply in the Rickettsiales clade and that they are closely related to Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique.

  16. Pro-apoptotic effect of Persea americana var. Hass (avocado) on Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bonilla-Porras, Angelica R; Salazar-Ospina, Andrea; Jimenez-Del-Rio, Marlene; Pereañez-Jimenez, Andres; Velez-Pardo, Carlos

    2013-11-05

    Abstract Context: Therapy for leukemia has a limited efficacy. There is a need to search for alternative anti-leukemia therapies. Persea americana Mill var. Hass (Lauraceae) is a tropical fruit (avocado) that might be used against cancer. Objective: To investigate whether P. americana induces death in Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Materials and methods: Four ethanol extracts (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/mL) from avocado fruit (endocarp, whole seed, seed and leaves) were analyzed against Jurkat cells. Hydrogen peroxide generation by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to the fluorescent compound 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, flow cytometry analysis of annexin-V/7-amino-actinomycin, mitochondrial membrane potential and immunocytochemistry detection of transcription factor p53, caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were evaluated. Results: Endocarp, seed, whole seed, and leaf (0.1 mg/mL) extracts induced significant apoptosis in Jurkat cells (p avocado and its therapeutic action on leukemia.

  17. Nucleolar organizer regions and a new chromosome number for Rhea americana (Aves: Rheiformes

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    Ricardo José Gunski

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available Sequential banding analysis (Giemsa-C-banding-Ag NOR of chromosomes of the common rhea (Rhea americana was performed. Metaphases were obtained by peripheral blood lymphocyte culture and monolayer embryo cell culture. The diploid chromosome number was 80, different from the 2n = 82 in previous reports. Macrochromosome pairs 1, 2 and 5 were submetacentric and pair 3, subacrocentric. The 4th pair was acrocentric and all of the microchromosomes appeared to be acrocentric, with the exception of a clearly metacentric pair which was fully heterochromatic. The Z was slightly larger than the W, both being acrocentric and C-band negative. Nucleolar organizer regions were observed in the secondary constriction of a microchromosome pair. Correct identification of the NOR-bearing pair was possible only by sequential analyses, Giemsa staining followed by the Ag-NOR technique.Foram efetuadas análises seqüenciais de bandeamento cromossômico (Giemsa-banda-C-AgNOR em material da espécie Rhea americana (ema com o objetivo de identificar os cromossomos portadores de regiões organizadoras de nucléolos e confirmar o cariótipo desta espécie. As metáfases foram obtidas de culturas de leucócitos e de células de embrião. O número diplóide de cromossomos, determinado pela análise de metáfases oriundas de 19 espécimes, foi de 80 (2n = 80, NF = 95, o que difere da literatura. Os pares de macrocromossomos números 1, 2 e 5 eram submetacêntricos e o par 3 era sub-acrocêntrico, confirmado pelo bandeamento C. O par 4 era acrocêntrico, bem como todos os microcromossomos, com exceção de um metacêntrico inteiramente heterocromático. O cromossomo Z era ligeiramente maior que o W, sendo ambos acrocêntricos e banda-C negativos. A região organizadora de nucléolos foi observada na constrição secundária de um par de microcromossomos. A correta identificação do par portador da NOR só foi possível com a utilização da análise seqüencial de colora

  18. ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GENIPA AMERICANA L. SEEDS IN AN INDUCED SOIL SEED BANK

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    Francesca Salla

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This work studied the behavior of G. americana L. (Rubiaceae seeds in an induced soil seed bank. This study was conducted in Lavras-MG in a seasonal semideciduous forest of the Federal University of Lavras. Seeds collected in the area were cleaned and analyzed (water content, viability and desiccation tolerance. Soil banks were installed in two distinct areas (top of hill and riparian forest located in the understory of the forest. Seeds were placed in nylon nets and covered with a thin litter layer that was previously removed for this purpose. Monthly assessment of germination, seedling emergence, seed and soil water content, and the characterization of the initial seedling growth was performed. It was observed that G. americana seeds forms a transitory seed bank, with maintenance of its viability until the fourth month after disposal in natural environment. In general, the seed bank located in the riparian forest area showed the best potential for seedling establishment in a natural environment, which supports the ecological behavior of this species.

  19. American wild celery (Vallisneria americana): Ecological considerations for restoration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Korschgen, C.E.; Green, W.L.

    1988-01-01

    The success of vegetation management programs for waterfowl is dependent on knowing the physical and physiological requirements of target species. Lakes and riverine impoundments that contain an abundance of the American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana ) have traditionally been favored by canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria ) and other waterfowl as feeding areas during migration. Information on the ecology of American wildcelery is summarized to serve as a guide for potential wetland restoration projects. Techniques are described for transplanting winter buds. Management programs that employ these techniques should define objectives clearly and evaluate the water regime carefully before initiating major restoration.

  20. Componentes volátiles de mamey (mammea americana L.

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    Alicia Lucía Morales

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Los componentes volátiles del aroma de mamey (Mammea americana L, fueron extraídos utilizando el método de destilación por arrastre con vapor-extracción simultánea con solvente orgánico. El extracto fue prefraccionado por cromatografía en columna en silica gel con gradiente discontinuo Pentano: Éter etílico para obtener tres fracciones que fueron analizadas por CGAR y CGAR-EM. Se detectaron 34 compuestos, de los cuales fueron identificados 22, siendo los componentes mayoritarios: Furfural (7281 ^ig/kg y E-Famesol (2145 ng/kg

  1. Reiterando o pacto: história, teologias políticas cristãs e a religião civil americana em uma era de multiculturalismo e império

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    Bruno Reinhardt

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Há 40 anos, em plena Guerra Fria, Robert Bellah concluiu seu célebre artigo sobre a religião civil americana com a seguinte pergunta: como conceber a aplicabilidade legítima dos valores-chave que suportam o imaginário nacional americano para além dos confins territoriais do seu Estado-nação? O presente artigo quer revisitar esta questão criticamente à luz de incursões regulatórias recentes dos EUA sobre o campo da liberdade religiosa no globo. Primeiramente, reviso a história da relação entre secularismo, identidade nacional e cristianismo nos EUA. A seguir, analiso as articulações político-religiosas que dão origem ao International Freedom of Religion Act (IRFA, em 1998. Por fim, tento destacar como este exercício pode fornecer contribuições mais gerais para o estudo da relação entre religião, nacionalismo e poder secular na contemporaeidade, com ênfase na relação entre estes e o princípio de soberania do estado de direito.

  2. Desfolha em videiras americanas e viníferas na fase de pré-maturação dos frutos Defoliation of american and vinifera grapevines in the pre ripening of fruits

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    Rafael Anzanello

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Foram avaliadas possíveis interferências que a localização da folha removida mediante desfolha em videira apresenta sobre o rendimento e qualidade dos frutos. As cultivares 'Niagara Branca' e 'Concord', ambas Vitis labrusca, e 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e 'Merlot', ambas Vitis vinifera, foram utilizadas em sistema de condução em espaldeira, na safra 2006/2007. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela, sendo testados 4 tratamentos: T1 (testemunha - sem desfolha, T2 (retirada das folhas localizadas opostas aos cachos, T3 (retirada das folhas do sarmento localizadas abaixo dos cachos e T4 (retirada das folhas do sarmento localizadas abaixo e opostas aos cachos. As cultivares da espécie Vitis labrusca receberam um tratamento adicional T5, constando na retirada das folhas acima dos cachos. A aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada na fase de mudança de cor das bagas para as cultivares 'Concord', 'Merlot' e 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e início do amolecimento das bagas para a cultivar 'Niagara Branca'. Avaliaram-se, após a colheita, a produção por planta, a massa dos cachos, os teores de sólidos solúveis (SS, a acidez titulável, (AT e o pH dos frutos. Observou-se que a desfolha até a altura do cacho não influenciou na quantidade e na qualidade dos frutos. Porém, quando a desfolha foi realizada acima dos cachos, ocorreu um atraso na maturação das uvas americanas. Essa condição implica não ser necessária a desfolha seletiva até a altura dos cachos nas videiras estudadas, quando realizada na fase início de amadurecimento dos frutos.This study aimed to evaluate the interference that the location of the leaf removed by defolation in grapevine has on fruits quality and yield. Such experiment was performed using Niagara Branca and Concord, both Vitis labrusca, and Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot, both Vitis vinifera, trained in a unilateral cordon system during the

  3. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro: VI. observações sobre a freqüência horária e variação mensal dos transmissores

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    Nelson A. de Araújo Filho

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Para estudo da freqüência horária dos principais vetores da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA, na Ilha Grande, durante os anos de 1976 a 1977, foram realizadas 4 capturas de 24 horas com isca animal (cão, ao ar livre, e 5 capturas de 24 horas em um único domicilio da área. Observou-se que a espécie Lutzomyia intermedia ocorreu durante todo o período noturno, com densidade constante no domicílio humano, enquanto a espécie Lutzomyia migonei apresentou maiores densidades no período da madrugada, nas capturas com isca animal (cão. Em 156 horas de estudo sobre variação mensal, durante o período de março de 1976 a fevereiro de 1977, a espécie L. intermedia ocorreu durante todo o ano, sendo abril, maio, outubro e dezembro os meses de maior densidade; a espécie L. migonei apresentou-se com baixa densidade, chegando a desaparecer no mês de setembro. As elevadas densidades das espécies L. intermedia e L. migonei indicam-nas como as prováveis vetoras de LTA na Ilha Grande.For the study of time frequency of the principal vectors of the Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Ilha Grande (Great Island, from 1976 to 1977 we made four catches in 24 hours with animal bait (dog in the outdoors and five catches in just one house of the area. It was found that the species Lutzomyia intermedia occurred during the whole night a steady density in human dwellings, while the species Lutzomyia migonei presented greater density at dawn, in catches with animal bait (dog. in a 156 hours' study on monthly variation, from March 1976 to February 1977, a specie Lutzomyia intermedia appeared during the whole year, the months of April, May, October and December being those of greater density while the specie Lutzomyia migonei had a low density even disappearing in September. The high densities of the species Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia migonei indica te them as the probable vectors of the mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Ilha Grande.

  4. Antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Persea Americana, an invitro study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, Amith; Kumarachandra, Reshma; Rai, Rajalakshmi; Rao, Satish; Suchetha Kumari; Joshi, Manjunath

    2013-01-01

    Ionizing radiation produce deleterious effects in the living organisms. Rapid technological advancement has increased human exposure to ionizing radiations enormously. Several plants have been screened for their radio protective ability and the hunt for identifying many more safe, nontoxic and effective ones is in progress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity in hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Psidium guajava (guava) and Persea americana (avocado). The antioxidant assay such as 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, chelation of iron by plant extract, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and total antioxidant activity of extract was analyzed using spectrophotometer. Phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis of leaf extracts were also performed. The results indicated that the IC50 value of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of P.guajava and P. americana were 14 μg/ml and 15 μg/ml in ABTS free radical scavenging assay, 4 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml in DPPH free radical scavenging assay, 7.2 μg/ml and 8.4 μg/ml in chelation of iron by plant extract, 2 μg/ml and, 4.3 μg/ml in hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and effective concentration(EC50) was 57.80 μg/ml and 87.56 μg/ml in FRAP assay respectively. The results for total antioxidant activity indicated that 242.3 μg/ml of P.guajava and 432.7 μg/ml of P.americana extract was equivalent to 100 μg/ml of standard qurecetin respectively. Qualitative analysis of hydroalcoholic leaf extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponions, terpenoids, and glycosides. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids qurecetin and rutin in leaf extracts on comparison with standard compounds. Our study showed that hydro alcoholic leaf extracts of Psidium guajava and Persea americana act as strong antioxidant and free

  5. IMAGENS DO INSÓLITO E DO MARAVILHOSO: CONSTRUÇÕES DA HISTORICIDADE NA LITERATURA HISPANO-AMERICANA

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    Ana Lúcia Trevisan

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho estuda os sentidos históricos da narrativa fantástica e do realismo maravilhoso na obra Aura, de Carlos Fuentes, Pedro Páramo, de Ju-an Rulfo e Cien años de soledad, de Gabriel García Márquez a fim de discutir as ambivalências do fantástico, presentes nas letras hispânicas. Dessa forma, procura perceber as nuances significativas dos elementos insólitos que corroboram para a discussão das identidades plurais e para a construção da historicidade na América Hispânica.

  6. Desidratação osmótica do jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

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    Andrade Samara Alvachian Cardoso

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O processo de desidratação osmótica foi aplicado ao Jenipapo (Genipa americana L., para reduzir as perdas pós-colheita, diversificar o seu aproveitamento industrial e obter um produto com boas características organolépticas e boa estabilidade microbiológica. Os frutos foram adquiridos na feira livre de Afogados, na região metropolitana do Recife, nas condições em que são comercializados, subdivididos em cubos e submetidos a diversas condições de processamento, segundo planejamento fatorial 2³ de modo a determinar a influência das variáveis independentes: temperatura, tipo de açúcar e concentração do agente osmótico sobre a perda de umidade, ganho de açúcar e redução de peso. O processo foi complementado por secagem em estufa, com ventilação forçada a 60ºC±5ºC, por 3h±10', seguida do acondicionamento do produto em embalagem de polietileno e armazenamento à temperatura ambiente (28ºC±3ºC, por 90 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que: os produtos obtidos apresentaram significativa incorporação de sólidos; nenhuma das respostas foi influenciada pelo tipo de açúcar empregado, diferentemente da concentração do agente osmótico que além de refletir sobre todas elas, interagiu com a temperatura influindo sobre a perda de umidade; durante o armazenamento, os produtos apresentaram-se microbiologicamente estáveis, sem diferenças significativas, no que concerne às características organolépticas, embora os escores demonstrem uma preferência pelo produto obtido a partir de 60ºBrix, 60ºC e mistura de açúcar demerara e cristal. A elevada incorporação de sólidos ocorrida aponta para necessidade de proceder à otimização do produto com vista a sua redução.

  7. NÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS MARCADORES CULTURAIS NA TRADUÇÃO INTRALINGUAL DE HARRY POTTER AND THE PHILOSOPHER’S STONE PARA SUA VERSÃO EM INGLÊS AMERICANO

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    Prof. Dr. José Reynaldo Pagura

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo buscou analisar trechos de diferentes capítulos da obra Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (obra original britânica comparando-o com os trechos correspondentes da obra Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (versão americana. O ponto central da análise foram os marcadores culturais presentes nos dois textos, assim como as estratégias necessárias quando da tradução intralingual, dirigidos por Arthur A. Levine, da versão original britânica à americana. Trata-se de uma mesma obra estudada na sua forma original britânica e sua versão americana, porém foram analisados dentre outros elementos, os nomes das personagens (se foram mantidos ou não, as adaptações lexicais e gramaticais resultantes das diferenças culturais existentes, apesar de ambas as obras serem escritas em inglês, os motivos pelos quais se fizeram necessárias mudanças no momento em que a obra britânica estava sendo intralingualmente traduzida para o inglês americano.

  8. Survival and weight change among adult individuals of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758 (Blattaria, Blattidae subject to various stress conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jucelio Peter Duarte

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Periplaneta americana is a species of great importance to public health, since it can act as a vector of many pathogens and it reaches large populations in urban environments. This is probably due to its ability to resist starvation and desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of absence of water and food on survival and weight change among adult P. americana individuals and check whether the initial weight of individuals influences on their survival. Four groups having twenty P. americana couples were formed and subject to: I no water or food; II no food; III no water; and IV control group. Insects were isolated according to the groups, which were weighed at the beginning and end of the stress conditions. They remained under these conditions until all individuals in each test group were dead. Stress conditions caused reduction in survival time when compared to the control group. Adults with higher body mass survived longer when deprived only of food, while among those lacking water, weight had no influence on survival. Total weight loss was greater among individuals deprived of water than those deprived only of food.

  9. Machado: do discurso romântico da nacionalidade à crítica radical da nação

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    João Hernesto Weber

    Full Text Available O artigo se detém, inicialmente, numa leitura da camada aparente de "Instinto de nacionalidade", destacando sua vinculação com as teses românticas sobre o sentido de "nação" e "literatura nacional", insistindo Machado na literatura indigenista, na cor local, na feição americana como paradigma para detectar a nacionalidade do texto literário. Em outra camada de leitura, apontam-se as reticências, as negações, o estilo carregado de adversativas que permeiam o texto, a ponto de Machado vir a negar as teses românticas em sua exclusividade, para, finalmente, abrir o leque do que poderia significar "literatura nacional": tudo é matéria de poesia. Na sequência, analisa-se a formação do Machado ficcionista, quando viria a exercitar o que já se encontrava, em tese, no "Instinto". Por fim, lançam-se algumas questões sobre a importância do ensaio para a crítica e a historiografia literária locais.

  10. Effect of Agave americana and Agave salmiana Ripeness on Saponin Content from Aguamiel (Agave Sap).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leal-Díaz, Ana María; Santos-Zea, Liliana; Martínez-Escobedo, Hilda Cecilia; Guajardo-Flores, Daniel; Gutiérrez-Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Serna-Saldivar, Sergio Othón

    2015-04-22

    Steroidal saponins have shown beneficial health effects. Agave spp. leaves and rhizomes are sources of these compounds, but their presence has not been reported in the aguamiel. Aguamiel is the sweet edible sap from mature agave, and its quality is influenced by the plant ripening stage. The purpose of this research was to identify and quantitate saponins in aguamiel from Agave americana and Agave salmiana at two ripening stages. Saponins and sapogenins were identified with HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF and quantitated with HPLC/ELSD. Results proved the presence of saponins derived from kammogenin, manogenin, gentrogenin, and hecogenin. The saponin content in aguamiel from immature A. salmiana was 2-fold higher (478.3 protodioscin equivalents (PE) μg/g aguamiel (DM)) compared with A. americana (179.0 PE μg/g aguamiel (DM)). In both species, saponin content decreased when plants reached sexual maturity. This should be considered before evaluating the effects of Agave spp. as a source of bioactive saponins.

  11. Variabilidade genética de Genipa americana L. pertencente ao baixo curso do rio São Francisco

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    Allívia Rouse Carregosa Rabbani

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available A utilização de marcadores genéticos em estudos de caracterização de ecossistemas florestais permite avanços no entendimento genético das populações naturais, bem como auxilia na definição de estratégias de recuperação ou restauração florestal. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a diversidade genética entre 18 indivíduos de Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. procedentes da região do Baixo São Francisco sergipano por meio de marcadores RAPD. Para a amplificação do material genético foram utilizados 12 oligonucleotídeos para análise da diversidade. Pelo índice de Jaccard, a similaridade genética média (Sgm entre os indivíduos foi de 60,4% sendo que, a maior obtida foi identificada entre os indivíduos G11 e G12 (83,6%±0,03 e a menor entre os indivíduos G4 e G18 (36,5%, ±0,02. Com base na Sgm (78,4%, sete pares indivíduos foram considerados geneticamente semelhantes. A partir destas análises, os indivíduos podem ser utilizados como matrizes fornecedoras de sementes em combinação com outros indivíduos em programas de restauração de áreas degradadas, porém devem compor áreas distantes.

  12. Characterization of an invertebrate-type dopamine receptor of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Troppmann, Britta; Balfanz, Sabine; Krach, Christian; Baumann, Arnd; Blenau, Wolfgang

    2014-01-06

    We have isolated a cDNA coding for a putative invertebrate-type dopamine receptor (Peadop2) from P. americana brain by using a PCR-based strategy. The mRNA is present in samples from brain and salivary glands. We analyzed the distribution of the PeaDOP2 receptor protein with specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies. On Western blots, PeaDOP2 was detected in protein samples from brain, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and salivary glands. In immunocytochemical experiments, we detected PeaDOP2 in neurons with their somata being located at the anterior edge of the medulla bilaterally innervating the optic lobes and projecting to the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. In order to determine the functional and pharmacological properties of the cloned receptor, we generated a cell line constitutively expressing PeaDOP2. Activation of PeaDOP2-expressing cells with dopamine induced an increase in intracellular cAMP. In contrast, a C-terminally truncated splice variant of this receptor did not exhibit any functional property by itself. The molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first dopamine receptor from P. americana provides the basis for forthcoming studies focusing on the significance of the dopaminergic system in cockroach behavior and physiology.

  13. White ash (Fraxinus americana) decline and mortality: the role of site nutrition and stress history

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alejandro A. Royo; Kathleen S. Knight

    2012-01-01

    Over the past century, white ash (Fraxinus americana) populations throughout its range have deteriorated as a result of declining tree health and increased mortality rates. Although co-occurring factors including site nutritional deficiencies and punctuated stress events (e.g., defoliations, drought) are hypothesized to trigger white ash decline,...

  14. Technical approaches of a natural dye extracted from Phytolacca americana L.-berries with chemical mordants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Su-Youn; Jung, Suk-Yul

    2014-01-01

    Phytolacca americana L. is a large semi-succulent herbaceous plant which reaches three meters in height. It is native to eastern North America, the Midwest, and the Gulf Coast, with more scattered populations in the far West. It is imported into Korea and has been frequently used as a traditional natural drug for diseases such as systemic edema and nephritis. Its berries, that is, fruits are shiny dark purple held in racemous clusters on pink pedicels with a pink peduncle. They are round with a flat indented top and bottom. Immature berries are green, maturing into white and then blackish purple. It is not well known how the berries are used for a natural staining yet. In this study, using Phytolacca americana L.-berries, a natural staining was analyzed. Moreover, due to the broad use of chemical mordants, five different mordants including copper acetate, aluminum potassium sulfate, sodium tartrate plus citric acid, Iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate were combined. Extracted dye from the berries stained silk fabrics with ivory. The original purple color from the berries disappeared and transformed into ivory. Although the silk fabrics were differentially stained by the berries that were combined with mordants of aluminum potassium sulfate, sodium tartrate plus citric acid and potassium dichromate, only differences in lightness and darkness were observed. Interestingly, the combination of the dye from the berries with a mordant of copper acetate and Iron II sulfate induced the staining of the silk fabrics into khaki and dark khaki, respectively. This study is the first systemic report on staining silk fabrics with Phytolacca americana L.-berries and chemical mordants and suggests application of natural products to the fiber industry.

  15. Antibacterial effect of crude extract and metabolites of Phytolacca americana on pathogens responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patra, Jayanta Kumar; Kim, Eun Sil; Oh, Kyounghee; Kim, Hyeon-Jeong; Kim, Yangseon; Baek, Kwang-Hyun

    2014-09-20

    The oral cavity is the store house of different species of microorganisms that are continuously engaged in causing diseases in the mouth. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of the aerial parts of Phytolacca americana and its natural compounds against two oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, which are primarily responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries, as well as a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli. Crude extract and fractions from the aerial parts of P. americana (0.008-1.8 mg/mL) were evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity against two oral disease causing microorganisms by micro-assays. The standard natural compounds present in P. americana, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin 3-glucoside, isoqueritrin and ferulic acid, were also tested for their antibacterial activity against the pathogens at 1-8 μg/mL. The crude extract was highly active against P. gingivalis (100% growth inhibition) and moderately active against S. mutans (44% growth inhibition) at 1.8 mg/mL. The chloroform and hexane fraction controlled the growth of P. gingivalis with 91% and 92% growth inhibition at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. Kaempferol exerted antibacterial activity against both the pathogens, whereas quercetin showed potent growth inhibition activity against only S. mutans in a concentration dependent manner. The crude extract, chloroform fraction, and hexane fraction of P. americana possesses active natural compounds that can inhibit the growth of oral disease causing bacteria. Thus, these extracts have the potential for use in the preparation of toothpaste and other drugs related to various oral diseases.

  16. Biochemical Effects of Aqueous Extract of Persea americana (Mill) on the Myocardium of Left Ventricle of High Salt-Fed Adult Wistar Rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olushola, Ayoola I; Aderibigbe, Komolafe O; Stephen, Saka O; Ayodeji, Odukoya S

    2017-10-01

    The cardioprotective effects of Persea americana extract was investigated on biochemical activities of high salt-fed adult Wistar rats in this study. Forty healthy Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120 to 150 g were randomly assigned into 8 groups of 5 rats each (groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). Rats in groups A, F, G, and H were fed with standard laboratory pellets, while groups B, C, D, and E were fed on the high-salt diet for 4 weeks. Concomitantly, daily administration of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of the P americana extract were given orally to groups C and F, D and G, and E and H, respectively, while rats in groups A and B were administered distilled water. Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture; concentration of sodium ion, potassium ion, nitric oxide, and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were determined. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple comparison. Results revealed that concentration of potassium ion and nitric oxide was significantly lower ( P < .05) in high salt-fed groups. Sodium ion concentration and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were higher in high salt-fed group while P americana prevented biochemical perturbations in other experimental groups. In conclusion, high salt-diet induced biochemical alterations which were significantly protected by oral administration of P americana extract.

  17. Macropropagation of Erythrina americana in a greenhouse: a potential tool for seasonally dry tropical forest restoration

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    Tara C. Fehling-Fraser

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available L a deforestación en México ha hecho que la restauración sea una necesidad urgente. Erythrina americana es un árbol multipropósito, útil para la restauración de bosques tropicales estacionalmente secos (BTES, pero es poco estudiado. La macropropagación de esta especie es ventajosa comparada con la reproducción sexual que requiere de semillas escarificadas para germinar. En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos de la aplicación exógena de la fitohormona ácido indol-3-butírico en esquejes y del fertilizante fosfatado de liberación lenta (FLL en el sustrato, sobre el crecimiento de E. americana en invernadero. El experimento tuvo un diseño de cuatro bloques al azar. Diez esquejes se cosecharon por tratamiento después de 36, 66, 96 y 126 días de crecimiento. La sobrevivencia, biomasa seca total (BST, tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR y la asignación de recursos (AR se evaluaron. La sobrevivencia promedio de los esquejes fue alta (95 %. Los tratamientos no afectaron la BST, TCR y AR; sin embargo, la aplicación de FLL en el sustrato mostró valores significativamente (P < 0.05 mayores de biomasa seca radical. Los periodos de crecimiento afectaron la TCR y AR. La macropropagación de E. americana fue exitosa y no requirió cuidados intensivos, por lo que esta técnica puede ser una alternativa viable para proyectos de restauración, principalmente en comunidades con bajos recursos.

  18. Survival and weight change among adult individuals of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758 (Blattaria, Blattidae subject to various stress conditions

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    Jucelio Peter Duarte

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2015v28n2p103 Periplaneta americana is a species of great importance to public health, since it can act as a vector of many pathogens and it reaches large populations in urban environments. This is probably due to its ability to resist starvation and desiccation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of absence of water and food on survival and weight change among adult P. americana individuals and check whether the initial weight of individuals influences on their survival. Four groups having twenty P. americana couples were formed and subject to: I no water or food; II no food; III no water; and IV control group. Insects were isolated according to the groups, which were weighed at the beginning and end of the stress conditions. They remained under these conditions until all individuals in each test group were dead. Stress conditions caused reduction in survival time when compared to the control group. Adults with higher body mass survived longer when deprived only of food, while among those lacking water, weight had no influence on survival. Total weight loss was greater among individuals deprived of water than those deprived only of food.

  19. Biochemical and molecular modulation of CCl4-induced peripheral and central damage by Tilia americana var. mexicanaextracts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coballase-Urrutia, Elvia; Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Noemí; González-García, María Carolina; Núñez-Ramírez, Eithan; Floriano-Sánchez, Esaú; González-Trujano, María Eva; Fernández-Rojas, Berenice; Pedraza-Chaverrí, José; Montesinos-Correa, Hortencia; Rivera-Espinosa, Liliana; Sampieri, Aristides Iii; Carmona-Aparicio, Liliana

    2017-03-01

    Around the world, species from the genus Tilia are commonly used because of their peripheral and central medicinal effects; they are prepared as teas and used as tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, and analgesic agents. In this study, we provide evidence of the protective effects of organic and aqueous extracts (100 mg/kg, i.p.) obtained from the leaves of Tilia americana var. mexicana on CCl 4 -induced liver and brain damage in the rat. Protection was observed in the liver and brain (cerebellum, cortex and cerebral hemispheres) by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) using spectrophotometric methods. Biochemical parameters were also assessed in serum samples from the CCl 4 -treated rats. The T. americana var. mexicana leaf extracts provided significant protection against CCl 4 -induced peripheral and central damage by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, diminishing lipid peroxidation, and preventing alterations in biochemical serum parameters, such as the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-globulin (γ-GLOB), serum albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (BB), creatinine (CREA) and creatine kinase (CK), relative to the control group. Additionally, we correlated gene expression with antioxidant activity in the experimental groups treated with the organic and aqueous Tilia extracts and observed a non-statistically significant positive correlation. Our results provide evidence of the underlying biomedical properties of T. americana var. mexicana that confer its neuro- and hepatoprotective effects.

  20. Assimilate partitioning in avocado, Persea americana

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Finazzo, S.; Davenport, T.L.

    1986-01-01

    Assimilate partitioning is being studied in avocado, Persea americana cv. Millborrow in relation to fruit set. Single leaves on girdled branches of 10 year old trees were radiolabeled for 1 hr with 13μCi of 14 CO 2 . The source leaves were sampled during the experiment to measure translocation rates. At harvest the sink tissues were dissected and the incorporated radioactivity was measured. The translocation of 14 C-labelled compounds to other leaves was minimal. Incorporation of label into fruitlets varied with the tissue and the stage of development. Sink (fruitlets) nearest to the labelled leaf and sharing the same phyllotaxy incorporated the most 14 C. Source leaves for single non-abscising fruitlets retained 3X more 14 C-labelled compounds than did source leaves for 2 or more fruitlets at 31 hrs. post-labelling. Export of label decreased appreciably when fruitlets abscised. If fruitlets abscised within 4 days of labeling then the translocation pattern was similar to the pattern for single fruitlets. If the fruitlet abscised later, the translocation pattern was intermediate between the single and double fruitlet pattern

  1. Monitoramento de fitoplâncton e microcistina no reservatório da UHE Americana Monitoring phytoplankton and microcistyn at the Americana reservoir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.A.R. Ferreira

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Americana, pertencente à Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, e faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento realizado em conjunto com a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, de Botucatu. As amostragens de água foram realizadas nos meses de fevereiro, abril, junho e outubro de 2004. As características analisadas foram: temperatura da água, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, nitrogênio total, nitrito, nitrato, amônia, fósforo total, fosfato, fosfato inorgânico, juntamente com análise qualitativa e quantitativa da comunidade fitoplanctônica e a toxicidade. O reservatório apresentou valores elevados de fósforo total, variando de 18 a 509 µg L-1; fosfato, de 4 a 463 µg L-1; nitrogênio total, de 0,99 a 17,25 mg L-1; e nitrato, de 0,26 a 15,29 mg L-1. Para a comunidade fitoplanctônica foram encontrados 103 táxons em todo o período amostrado; a maior riqueza foi encontrada no ponto P06, e a maior pobreza de táxons, nos pontos localizadas no corpo central do reservatório (P02, P03, P04 e P05. A maior concentração de cianofícea ocorreu em abril de 2004: 5.375.175 ind. L-1. As espécies que apresentaram as maiores densidades foram Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena spiroides, Microcystis sp. e Pseudoanabaena mucicola; a maior densidade foi apresentada por Anabaena spiroides, com 4.178.084 ind. L-1. Nos meses de junho e outubro a classe Cryptophyceae teve uma grande contribuição para a densidade total. Apesar da grande densidade de cianobactérias, os valores de toxicidade ficaram abaixo do limite permitido pela Portaria nº 1.469.This work was carried out at the Americana Reservoir, owned by Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, and was part of a joint R&D project with Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brazil. Water sampling was collected in February, April, June and October 2004. The following characteristics were analyzed: water temperature, p

  2. Associativismos de extrema direita na era pós 11 de setembro

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    Ana Tostes Paula Tostes

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Um mapeamento mais preciso das ações de "grupos de ódio", bem como a sua repressão, passou a ser incluído no tratamento estratégico de atos de terrorismo e de ameaça à segurança nos Estados Unidos nas últimas décadas, na mesma tendência do ocorrido em países europeus em função do crescimento da extrema direita e da xenofobia. Dois marcos cronológicos são fundamentais para compreender mudanças significativas na postura de autoridades norte americanas sobre a ação de "grupos de ódio", sejam eles supremacistas ou milicianos: os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 e a eleição de Obama em 2008. Este artigo procura contribuir para o entendimento, tanto da mudança de concepção de "terrorismo", quanto da identificação de efeitos desta mudança refletidos em novos enquadramentos de crimes de ódio e na classificação e mapeamento das ações de grupos extremistas norte americanos de direita.

  3. The Scirtothrips perseae species-group (Thysanoptera), with one new species from avocado, Persea americana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mound, Laurence A; Hoddle, Mark S

    2016-02-12

    Following recent molecular studies on avocado thrips, a new species is described from Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia from the young leaves of avocado, Persea americana. Scirtothrips hansoni sp.n. is closely related to the Californian pest, S. perseae, and also to S. astrictus from Costa Rica that remains known from a single female. An illustrated key to these three species is provided.

  4. The Complex of Scolytinae Inhabiting Persea borbonia and Persea americana in Florida: Possible Interactions with Other Species

    Science.gov (United States)

    A diverse number of Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have been found inhabiting Persea borbonia and P. americana in Florida during 2009 and 2010. They include the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, vector of Raffaelea lauricola, X. volvulus, X. ferrugineus, Xylosandrus crassiu...

  5. Isolasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana dan Uji Toksisitas Terhadap Artemia Salina Leach

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    Andi Nur Fitriani Abubakar

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Avocado seed (Persea americana is recognized as one of medicinal plants. It contains several secondary metabolites, which have toxic activity. However, efforts to identify active compounds from avocado seeds (Persea americana are still relatively rare. Therefore, isolation and toxicity assay have been conducted foward the active compound of avocado seed. Maceration one kilogram of seed dried powder by ethanol obtained 49,7464 gram extract. Separation of etanol extract by column chromatography generated 0,0698 grams of pure white needle crytal, which is positively triterpenoid based on Lieberman-Buchard test. In addition, infrared spectrum showed the existence of OH, C=C, C-C, C=O, -C-H, -CH3,-CH2 and C-O stretch, which support the presumed compound. The result of toxicity test on Artemia salina Leach showed that the extract, fraction and pure isolates of the etanol extract are toxic with LC50 values 13,274 g/mL; 9,528 g/mL and 8,128 g/mL, respectively.

  6. O Judicial Review e o ativismo judicial da Suprema Corte americana na proteção de direitos fundamentais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estefania Maria de Queiroz Barboza

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: No presente artigo examinaram-se as origens históricas do judicial review nos Estados Unidos da América desde o caso Marbury v. Madison até a Corte Burger, bem como os reflexos de sua concepção no chamado “ativismo judicial” norte-americano, o qual acabou por priorizar o papel da jurisdição constitucional na proteção dos direitos fundamentais garantidos na Constituição, mesmo que isso implicasse enfrentar questões tipicamente políticas. Ou seja, apresentaram-se casos nos quais a Suprema Corte atuou de forma ativista especialmente na proteção de direitos fundamentais, embora em outros momentos tenha atuado justamente no sentido contrário, como na Era Lochner, numa postura conservadora em relação à proteção de direitos. Palavras-chave: Ativismo judicial. Suprema Corte. Estados Unidos. Judicial Review.

  7. Characterization of an Invertebrate-Type Dopamine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Britta Troppmann

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We have isolated a cDNA coding for a putative invertebrate-type dopamine receptor (Peadop2 from P. americana brain by using a PCR-based strategy. The mRNA is present in samples from brain and salivary glands. We analyzed the distribution of the PeaDOP2 receptor protein with specific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies. On Western blots, PeaDOP2 was detected in protein samples from brain, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and salivary glands. In immunocytochemical experiments, we detected PeaDOP2 in neurons with their somata being located at the anterior edge of the medulla bilaterally innervating the optic lobes and projecting to the ventro-lateral protocerebrum. In order to determine the functional and pharmacological properties of the cloned receptor, we generated a cell line constitutively expressing PeaDOP2. Activation of PeaDOP2-expressing cells with dopamine induced an increase in intracellular cAMP. In contrast, a C-terminally truncated splice variant of this receptor did not exhibit any functional property by itself. The molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first dopamine receptor from P. americana provides the basis for forthcoming studies focusing on the significance of the dopaminergic system in cockroach behavior and physiology.

  8. Seed rescue from photoperiod sensitive American Joint Vetch (Aeschynomene americana L.) accessions using hydroponic cloning and aeroponics

    Science.gov (United States)

    American joint vetch, Aeschynomene Americana L. is a self-pollinated tropical pasture legume and the USDA, ARS, PGRCU curates 137 accessions from the United States, S. America, Mexico, Central America, and Zambia. Many accessions in this collection are photoperiod sensitive due to their typical flow...

  9. Los cariotipos de Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana (Leguminosae- Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México Karyotypes of Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae- Phaseoleae of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Se analizaron citogenéticamente células provenientes de meristemos radiculares de 2 leguminosas, Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana, que en la actualidad están incluidas en la flora de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México, D. F., mediante una técnica de extendido en superficie y secado al aire para determinar los números cromosómicos somáticos. Por vez primera se obtuvieron la morfología cromosómica y otras características cuantitativas de los cariotipos en C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m +18sm y en E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm +2st sat, primeras también en ambos géneros. Cologania y Erythrina se reconocen como poliploides estabilizados y el hallazgo de un único par de cromosomas con satélites (dominancia nucleolar en las especies estudiadas aquí, favorece la opinión de un origen alopoliploide para estos taxa.Meristematic root cells from Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico, were analyzed cytogenenetically using a surface-spreading and air-drying method. The somatic chromosome numbers were determined. Chromosome morphology and others quantitative features of the karyotypes obtained for first time in C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m + 18sm and E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm + 2st sat and also the first in both genera. Cologania and Erythrina are recognized as stabilized polyploids and the finding of just one pair of chromosomes with satellites (nucleolar dominance in the species analyzed here supports the view of allopolyploid origin of these taxa.

  10. Assimilate partitioning in avocado, Persea americana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Finazzo, S.; Davenport, T.L.

    1986-04-01

    Assimilate partitioning is being studied in avocado, Persea americana cv. Millborrow in relation to fruit set. Single leaves on girdled branches of 10 year old trees were radiolabeled for 1 hr with 13..mu..Ci of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/. The source leaves were sampled during the experiment to measure translocation rates. At harvest the sink tissues were dissected and the incorporated radioactivity was measured. The translocation of /sup 14/C-labelled compounds to other leaves was minimal. Incorporation of label into fruitlets varied with the tissue and the stage of development. Sink (fruitlets) nearest to the labelled leaf and sharing the same phyllotaxy incorporated the most /sup 14/C. Source leaves for single non-abscising fruitlets retained 3X more /sup 14/C-labelled compounds than did source leaves for 2 or more fruitlets at 31 hrs. post-labelling. Export of label decreased appreciably when fruitlets abscised. If fruitlets abscised within 4 days of labeling then the translocation pattern was similar to the pattern for single fruitlets. If the fruitlet abscised later, the translocation pattern was intermediate between the single and double fruitlet pattern.

  11. Las plantas americanas en la obra de Charles de l'Écluse: primeras citas en las cartas de Juan de Castañeda

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    Ramón-Laca Menéndez de Luarca, Luis

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available The Flemish botanist Charles de l'Écluse's works contain abundant references to American plants, for example the avocado (Persea americana Mill., the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam.], the potato (Solanum tuberosum L. and the tobáceo (Nicotiana tabacum L.. Although some of these plants were observed by L'Écluse himself during his expedition to the Iberian Península between 1564 and 1565, the majority of the American plants quoted in his works are related with shipments received from several agents around Europe. In the case of Spain, L'Écluse obtained seeds from Seville thanks to the help of Simón de Tovar and Juan de Castañeda. The latter offers in his letters important innovations: Annona cherimola Mill., Indigofera añil LJI. tinctoria L., Annona muricata L., Mammea americana L.. Annona reticulata L., Dioscorea sp., Aloysia citrodora Palau or Manihot spj M. esculenta Crantz. In most of the cases the mention of these plants represente the first record of cultivation in the Old World. A percentage of this material was used by L'Écluse in his Exoticorum libri decem, published in Antwerp in l605.Las obras del botánico flamenco Charles de l'Écluse contienen infinidad de referencias a plantas americanas, destacando entre ellas el aguacate (Persea americana Mill., las batatas [Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam.], las patatas (Solanum tuberosum L. o el tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L. . Algunas de ellas fueron observadas por L'Écluse durante la expedición llevada a cabo por la Península Ibérica entre 1564 y 1565. La mayor parte de plantas americanas citadas en sus obras están relacionadas sin embargo con envíos realizados por diversos corresponsales repartidos por Europa. En el caso de España, L'Écluse recibió semillas desde Sevilla gracias a Simón de Tovar y Juan de Castañeda. Este último ofrece en sus cartas importantes novedades, como el "anón" (Annona cherimola Mill., el "añil" (Indigofera añil L./I. tinctoria L., la "guan

  12. A atenção primária em saúde na agenda da organização panamericana de saúde nos anos 2000

    OpenAIRE

    Silveira, Alessandra Camargo da; Machado, Cristiani Vieira; Matta, Gustavo Correa

    2014-01-01

    O artigo aborda a agenda da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde para a atenção primária em saúde e suas possíveis implicações na proteção social na América Latina nos anos 2000. O estudo, de natureza exploratória, partiu da literatura sobre proteção social e compreendeu como estratégias metodológicas a revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental, cujo referencial técnico foi a análise de retórica. A pesquisa procurou identificar as concepções e significados subjacentes à proposta de 'atenção ...

  13. Assessing Hydraulic Modifications on Vallisneria americana in Peoria Lake, Illinois. A Pilot Study Using Data Sharing Protocols to Integrate Legacy Models

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Black, Patrick

    2003-01-01

    .... The modeling was directed toward an investigation of potential population increase of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneila americana as a consequence of the construction of a hypothetical levee...

  14. Description of a new coccid (Hemiptera, Coccidae on avocado (Persea americana Mill. from Colombia, South America

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Takumasa Kondo

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available A new soft scale insect, Bombacoccus aguacatae Kondo, gen. n. and sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccidae collected on the branches and twigs of avocado, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae in Colombia, is described and illustrated based on the adult female. An updated taxonomic key to closely related genera of the Toumeyella-group is provided.

  15. Use of culture filtrates of Ceratocystis ulmi as a bioassay to screen for disease tolerant Ulmus americana

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paula M. Pijut; Subash C. Domir; R. Daniel Lineberger; Lawrence R. Schreiber

    1990-01-01

    Callus cultures of elm (Ulmus americana L.) derived from Dutch elm disease susceptible, intermediate-resistant, and resistant genotypes were exposed to the culture filtrates of three pathogenic isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. Callus fresh weights, cell viability, and reactions of stem cuttings...

  16. Hongos Fitopatógenos asociados a semillas de palto (Persea Americana mill.)

    OpenAIRE

    Leon Ttacca, Betsabe; Mattos Calderon, Leonor

    2016-01-01

    Una serie de enfermedades severas de origen fungoso son diseminadas por semillas de palto, y pueden causar una disminución de la producción en aproximadamente el 14 % y una reducción de calidad en un 10 %. El presente trabajo consistió en aislar e identificar hongos fitopatógenos presentes en las semillas de palto (Persea americana Mill.) raza mexicana utilizadas para patrón. A partir del embrión y cotiledón de 200 semillas de palto, se aislo los hongos fotopatogenos en medio de cultivo Papa ...

  17. Volumetry of Genipa americana in homogeneous plantation in Southwest Bahia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mislene Barbosa Rocha

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This research aim to evaluate the volumetric estimates obtaining for Genipa americana, commonly known as jenipapeiro, in pure plantation in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil. To determine individual volume, 100 standing trees were rigorously cubed. Ten volumetric models were adjusted. The best models were selected based on the selection criteria of weighted value of statistical parameters scores and residues distribution. Volume estimates were obtained by form factor and by adjusted equations. To validate the estimates, the calculate volumes were compared to measured data. Among the used methods to predict wood volume, the adjusted volumetric equations are recommended. Spurr (Log model present the best performance to estimate total wood volume.

  18. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflmmatory activities of Ximenia americana extracts

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    Arun Kashivishwanath Shettar

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To evaluate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Ximenia americana extracts. Methods: Herbal extraction was done by Soxhlet extraction method with increasing polarity of solvents viz., chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water. Phytochemical analysis was done using different biochemical tests. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts were analyzed by ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdenum and 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, and anti-inflammatory activity by using protein denaturation in vitro bioassay. Total phenolic content of each extract was also determined to assess their corresponding effect on antioxidant capacity of plant. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed that each solvent extract contained broad spectrum of secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides, whereas compared to other solvent extracts, chloroform extract showed negative result for phenolic compounds whereas aqueous extract exhibited the highest phenolic content and the significant antioxidant capacity based on the test performed. Out of all extracts, methanol extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusions: The present study revealed that different solvent extracts of Ximenia americana leaves contain broad spectrum of bioactive compounds. Results confirm that aqueous extract exhibited high antioxidant activity and methanol extract exhibited high antiinflammatory activity. Further study requires purification, characterization and structural elucidation of phenolic compounds in both extracts that may help in the development of new phytopharmaceuticals.

  19. Delineation of a New Species of the Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex, Borrelia americana sp. nov

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Rudenko, Natalia; Golovchenko, Maryna; Lin, T.; Gao, L.; Grubhoffer, Libor; Oliver, J. H., Jr.

    2009-01-01

    Roč. 47, č. 12 (2009), s. 3875-3880 ISSN 0095-1137 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC06009 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : multilocus sequence analysis * B. burgdorferi sl complex * new borrelia species * Borrelia americana Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 4.162, year: 2009

  20. The use of HPLC identification and quantification of isoflavones content in samples obtained in pharmacies = O uso do HPLC na identificação e quantificação dos teores de isoflavonas em amostras obtidas de farmácias de manipulação = O uso do HPLC na identificação e quantificação dos teores de isoflavonas em amostras obtidas de farmácias de manipulação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Mantovani

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Nowadays, there is a great interest in the research and the production of functional foods, such as isoflavones. Which present proven action on the prevention of health problems, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Considering the importance of soybeansupplements standardization, this study aimed identifying and quantifying the isoflavones in products sold at different pharmacies. Isoflavones samples were acquired in six different pharmacies specialized in the production of phytotherapic medications. The isoflavones were extracted, quantified and identified in HPLC. None of the samples, from different pharmacies, presented the isoflavones content presented on the label, i.e., 20 mg. In relation to the isoflavones profile, the highest levels found were of daidzein, with up to 66.8 } 0.09 ƒÊg, being the lowest levels the ones of genistein. It is necessary, therefore, the adoption of methods for thestandardization and characterization of the raw materials used by different pharmacies. It would assure the isoflavones content, once they are essential for the effects prescribed by the professionals in the medical area.O uso do HPLC na identificacao e quantificacao dos teores de isoflavonas em amostras obtidas de farmacias de manipulacao. Atualmente ha um grande interesse na pesquisa e producao de alimentos funcionais, como as isoflavonas, que apresentam comprovada acao na prevencao de males, como o cancer e as doencas cardiovasculares. Considerando a importancia da padronizacao dos suplementos de soja,o objetivo do presente estudo foi de identificar e quantificar as isoflavonas em produtos comercializados em diferentes farmacias de manipulacao. Amostras de isoflavonas foram adquiridas em seis diferentes farmacias especializadas em manipulacao de fitoterapicos. As isoflavonas foram extraidas, identificadas e quantificadas em CLAE. Nenhuma das amostras, das diferentes farmacias de manipulacao, apresentou os teores de isoflavonas indicado no

  1. Alguns aspectos da anatomía-ecológica de Persea americana Mili (abacateiro e interpretações fisio-ecológicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moacyr Eurípedes Medri

    1985-11-01

    Full Text Available In the present work are presented anatomical differences in leaves situaded in different strata on the same tree ofPersea Americana. Analysis of linear regression and tests of coeficience of correlation demonstrate that in respect tb the relationships of the anatomical parameters studied, there is much interdependence. The histological point of view compares such parameters as number and size of stomata, volume of mesophyll, area of functional xylem, phloem, supportive tissue and epidermic tissue, and on the other han different microclimatic positions, domonstrates that Persea Americana is an extremely plastic species with much adaptability; as plastic as Hevea brasiliensis Muelli. Arg and much more plastic than Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Benpl.No presente trabalho são apresentadas as diferenças anatômicas em folhas situadas em diferentes estratos de uma mesma árvore de Persea americana MUI, mostrando através de análise de regressão linear, coeficiente de correlação conclusivos a, respeito das relações diretas e significativas no tocante aos parâmetros anatômicos estudados, evidenciando interdependências dos mesmos. Do ponto de vista histológico, onde se tomou como parâmetro o número e tamanho de estômatos e volume do mesófilo, área xilemática útil, floema, tecido mecânico e epidérmico, e de outro lado, condições microclimáticas diferentes, P. americana evidencia ser uma espécie bastante plástica, havendo uma relação direta se correlacionada ao seu amplo comportamento adaptativo, sendo tão plástica quanto Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Medri, 1977 e muito mais que Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Benpl. (Medri, 1978.

  2. Perfil de isotipos de imunoglobulinas e subclasses de IgG na leishmaniose tegumentar americana Immunoglobulin isotype and IgG subclass profiles in american tegumentary leishmaniasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Aparecida de Souza

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho avaliou o perfil de anticorpos em amostras de soro de 37 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico confirmado ou compatível com leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG. Os perfis das classes de imunoglobulinas e subclasses de IgG foram analisados pelo teste ELISA indireto, utilizando-se antígeno solúvel de Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis. A avidez dos anticorpos foi determinada pelo tratamento com uréia a 6 M, após incubação dos soros com o antígeno. Observou-se que 97%, 94,6%, 57,5 e 21,5% das amostras testadas apresentaram anticorpos anti-Leishmania das classes IgE, IgG, IgA e IgM, respectivamente e, os perfis das subclasses de IgG demonstraram, IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. Os anticorpos IgE anti-Leishmania de alta avidez corresponderam a 44,4%. Por outro lado, IgG e IgA anti-Leishmania foram em sua maioria (62,8 e 47,8%, respectivamente, de média avidez. A variação do perfil de isotipos, bem como a avidez das imunoglobulinas refletiu a complexidade da resposta imune humoral contra a leishmaniose tegumentar americana.The present work investigated the serum antibody profiles in 37 patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis, who were attended at Hospital de Clinicas - Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. The immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass profiles were analyzed by indirect ELISA using Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis soluble antigen. The antibody avidity was determined by 6 M urea treatment after incubation with immunoenzymatic conjugate. It was observed that 97% of the serum samples presented anti-Leishmania antibodies for IgE class, 94.6% IgG, 57.5% IgA and 21.5% IgM class. For IgG subclasses the profiles were in the following order of frequency: IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. High avidity of anti-Leishmania IgE antibodies was found in 44.4% of the samples. On the other hand, moderate avidity of specific IgG and IgA was observed in 62

  3. Historia de la Tripanosomiasis Americana en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Serpa Florez

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available

    La Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia rinde homenaje a Carlos Chagas, opónimo médico brasileño, nacido en Oliveira en 1879 y fallecido en Río de Janeiro en 1934, con motivo del nonagésimo aniversario del descubrimiento realizado por él del Trypanosoma cruzi, hazaña científica que bautizó en memoria de su maestro Osvaldo Cruz (1872 – 1917, fundador del Instituto de Manquinhos que hoy lleva el nombre de este sanitarista. (1

    Carlos Chagas fue miembro correspondiente de nuestra Corporación, elegido hace ochenta años, durante la presidencia del profesor Miguel Rueda Acosta, lo que hace que celebremos el triunfo de quien, honrosamente, podemos considerar como uno de los nuestros. (2 Chagas encontró en 1909 la relación existente entre la Tripanosomiasis Americana y el agente de esta dolencia descubierto por él, que por ello hoy se llama Enfermedad de Chagas.

    La tripanosomiasis americana o enfermedad de Chagas, es una entidad autóctona de nuestro continente que, como tantas otras, en un principio fue una zoonosis (enfermedad de los animales que se transmite al hombre tal cual la hidrofobia o rabia, la fiebre amarilla, la encefalitis equina, el carbón bacteridiano, la enfermedad de Lyme… para citar unas cuantas.

    La dolencia se extendió a la especie humana cuando ésta irrumpió en la hábitat del huésped intermedio del mal y se ha hecho cada vez más aparente con el aumento de la población y el desequilibrio ecológico que se presenta con la deforestación.

    Recordemos que sus reservorios (es decir los hospederos que le sirven de depósito, son algunos animales domésticos como el perro, el cerdo o el cobayo y peridomésticos y silvestres como las ratas, los murciélagos, los armadillos, monos y zarigüeyas. Al hombre, desde luego, podemos considerarlo como reservorio de esta dolencia. En Colombia los primeros informes científi-cos sobre animales domésticos y silvestres reservorios del Trypanosoma

  4. Susceptibilidad a insectos en selecciones y variedades de annona muricata l. y persea americana m. en Puerto Rico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irma Cabrera

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available En Puerto Rico se han reportado varios insectos en las guanábanas (Annona muricata L. y los aguacates (Persea americana M, sin embargo los de mayor importancia son el barrenador de la semilla Bephratelloides cubensis (A. y Apate monacha (F. en A. muricata y Pseudacysta persea (F. en P. americana. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de B. cubensis y A. monacha en seis selecciones de guanábana y en siete variedades de aguacate. De las evaluaciones realizadas en A. muricata, se observó que las selecciones IV-10, VII-14 y VI-1 mostraron la mayor incidencia y la IV-16 mostró la menor incidencia de B. cubensis en relación al número de barrenos por fruta. En cuanto a la incidencia de A. monacha en A. muricata las selecciones IV-16, IV-2, IV-3, VII-14 presentaron la mayor incidencia de barrenos por árbol. En las evaluaciones realizadas en Persea americana se seleccionaron las variedades Ávila, Semil 34, Wilson Popenoe, Pollock, Candelaria, Semil 43 y Butler como las variedades comerciales más sembradas en Puerto Rico. Se observó que la variedad Avila obtuvo el mayor número de huevos, ninfas, hembras y machos de P. persea por hojas comparadas con las demás variedades. Respecto al número de hojas infestadas por árbol se encontró valores significativos (P≤0,01 en la variedad Avila. Resultando tener un 90% de las hojas dañadas. No se observó que las variedades evaluadas tuviese baja o ninguna preferencia a P. Persea

  5. Restrição hídrica em sementes de Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Allívia Rouse Ferreira dos Santos

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available O jenipapo, originário da América Latina, pertence à família Rubiaceae e apresenta valor madeireiro e alimentício, sendo explorado sem estratégias de conservação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da restrição hídrica, por meio de duas metodologias, na germinação de sementes de Genipa americana L. A primeira foi realizada com sementes imersas em soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000 por 18 dias a 0,0; -0,1; -0,3 e -0,4 MPa à 20ºC, simulando condições de alagamento, e após este período as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em placas de Petri com folhas de papel tipo mata-borrão umedecidas em água. A segunda utilizou os mesmos potenciais osmóticos umedecendo-se os papéis tipo mata-borrão, para simular a restrição hídrica. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições de 25 sementes. Para as sementes imersas em soluções de PEG, o potencial -0,3MPa permite condicionamento osmótico, enquanto à -0,4MPa interfere no vigor. Para as sementes embebidas em papel, ocorre redução da germinação em função do tempo, até não se observar eventos para potenciais a partir de -0,3 MPa.

  6. Pistil Starch Reserves at Anthesis Correlate with Final Flower Fate in Avocado (Persea americana)

    OpenAIRE

    Alcaraz, Mar?a Librada; Hormaza, Jos? Ignacio; Rodrigo, Javier

    2013-01-01

    A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana) is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of...

  7. Bases das escolas Européia Norte e Americana, perante a cultura contábil e a proposta neopatrimonialista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônio Lopes de Sá

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available Como entender a matéria contábil, o método que se emprega para estudá-la, o respeito às tradições históricas como conquistas já feitas, as grandes finalidades desse conhecimento, em suma, como possuir uma visão realista e verdadeira sobre os fenômenos da riqueza individualizada é o que caracteriza uma "escola científica de Contabilidade". Diversos desses núcleos se formaram e ainda se formam, não só no setor contábil, mas, em todas as ciências, sempre em torno de lideranças, quer de pensadores, quer de grupos interessados em manipular idéias. Algumas escolas, todavia, basearam-se apenas no consenso de grupos e se ataram a um raciocínio pragmático. Por serem diferentes as concepções e os efeitos do tratamento que se tem dado à Contabilidade, as principais distinções de entendimento encontram-se, na atualidade, entre as escolas norte-americanas, pragmáticas e as européias, científicas. No Brasil a corrente científica do neopatrimonialismo oferece novas propostas em suas bases, mas, mantendo a fidelidade com as raízes latinas do conhecimento contábil.

  8. Proconsuls and CINCs from the Roman Republic to the Republic of the United States of America: Lessons for the Pax Americana

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Bradford, Jeffrey

    2001-01-01

    Political and media pundits have labeled the current period of post Cold-War world order the Pax Americana, reminiscent of the Pax Romana that occurred from 27 to 180 AD, during the zenith of the Roman Empire...

  9. Consideraciones sobre el cultivo del aguacate Persea Americana Mill. en Atlixco, Puebla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa Reyna Trujillo

    1983-01-01

    Full Text Available The production of avocado Persea americana Mill in our country has been intensified the last years, particularly in some states such as Michoacán, Puebla, Veracruz and others. Specifically in Puebla, there are some counties "municipios", Atlixco among others, where its exploitation represents an important economical fact. Because of this, it is being pretended to increase the surface occupied with that fruit tree. However, its growth and cultivation, has been exposed to a great number of problems, such as the ecologic ones (inadecuate soils, for example and fitopathologic ones mainly, reasons enough to consider the increase of its growth as inadecuate.

  10. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria Species Isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D Leshan Wannigama

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. They may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with antibiotic resistance. Hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. This study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India.Totally, 203 adult cockroaches were collected form 44 households and 52 food-handling establishments by trapping. Bacteriological examination of external surfaces of Pe. americana and Bl. germanica were carried out using standard method and antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods.Among the places, we found that 54% had cockroache infestation in households and 77% in food- handling establishments. There was no significant different between the overall bacteria load of the external surface in Pe. americana (64.04% and Bl. germanica (35.96%. However the predominant bacteria on cockroaches were Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Kl. pneumoniae and Ps. aeruginosa were the most prevalent, drug-resistant strains were isolated from the cockroaches with 100% resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and ampicillin. For individual strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli was found to have multi-resistance to four antibiotic tested, Citrobacter freundii four, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis to three.Cockroaches are uniformly distributed in domestic environment, which can be a possible vector for transmission of drug-resistant bacteria and food-borne diseases.

  11. Transplantation immunity in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana: the rejection of integumentary grafts from Blatta orientalis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karp, R D; Meade, C C

    1993-01-01

    The results from several previous studies have indicated that the American cockroach is able to respond to integumentary xenografts, but doubt remained as to whether cockroaches could effectively discriminate between self and allogeneic differences. This was emphasized by the fact that while one study reported that Periplaneta americana responded to grafts donated by the closely related genus Blatta orientalis, the data reported elsewhere, using a different assay system, found no such reactivity. Since we have subsequently reported, using a direct histological assay, that Periplaneta can in fact recognize and destroy integumentary allografts, we initiated a study to hopefully sort out the enigma presented by previous data using Blatta as a transplant donor. Integument from Blatta orientalis was transplanted orthotopically onto Periplaneta americana, and at various time points post-transplant, scored histologically for the survival of the subcuticular epidermal layer. The results clearly demonstrated that Periplaneta reacted to the Blatta tissue, because approximately 82% of the grafts had the epidermal layer destroyed by day 7 posttransplant. The kinetics of the response to Blatta was more in line with our allograft data, which would be in agreement with other work indicating that the closer the donor and recipient are on the phylogenetic tree, the less intense the reactivity to the foreign transplant.

  12. Simple Y-Autosomal Incompatibilities Cause Hybrid Male Sterility in Reciprocal Crosses Between Drosophila virilis and D. americana

    OpenAIRE

    Sweigart, Andrea L.

    2010-01-01

    Postzygotic reproductive isolation evolves when hybrid incompatibilities accumulate between diverging populations. Here, I examine the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility between two species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis and D. americana. From these analyses, I reach several conclusions. First, neither species carries any autosomal dominant hybrid male sterility alleles: reciprocal F1 hybrid males are perfectly fertile. Second, later generation (backcross and F2) hybrid male sterility ...

  13. O processo inovativo das indústrias processadoras de suco de laranja brasileiras e norte-americanas: uma comparação utilizando a análise de patentes

    OpenAIRE

    Rossi, Fabiana Ribeiro; Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Departamento de Engenharia de Produção; Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale; Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Departamento de Engenharia de Produção

    2015-01-01

    Desde a década de 80, o Brasil lidera a produção mundial de suco de laranja seguido, desde então, pelos Estados Unidos da América (EUA). Em torno de 90% da produção nacional de suco é exportada, enquanto a produção norte-americana é utilizada basicamente para consumo interno. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a dinâmica de patenteamento das indústrias processadoras de suco de laranja brasileiras e norte-americanas. Para isso, foi feita uma busca por patentes utilizando a base de d...

  14. FORMULASI NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI KITOSAN-TRIPOLIFOSFAT (TPP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ermina Pakki

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Ekstrak etanol Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr. diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sistem penghantaran nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi kitosan – tripolifosfat (TPP terhadap karakteristik fisik dari nanopartikel. Ekstrak bawang dayak diformulasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan metode gelasi ionik dengan variasi konsentrasi polimer kitosan : tripolifosfat yaitu 0,5% : 0,5% (F1, 0,75% : 0,5% (F2, dan 1% : 0,5% (F3. Parameter pengujian meliputi penentuan ukuran dan indeks polidispersitas nanopartikel menggunakan particle size analyzer, pengamatan morfologi menggunakan scanning electron microscopy, pengukuran efisiensi penjerapan, dan disolusi in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel F1, F2, dan F3 memiliki ukuran masing-masing sebesar 256,30 nm, 376,28 nm dan 419,18 nm dengan distribusi ukuran yang relatif homogen dan efisiensi penjerapan masing-masing sebesar 69,54%, 77,51% dan 79,79%. Pengamatan morfologi dari nanopartikel menunjukkan bentuk partikel yang mendekati spheris (bulat dengan permukaan yang kasar. Profil pelepasan obat dari nanopartikel F1, F2, dan F3 pada jam ke-8 masing-masing sebesar 71,19 % (F1, 74,97% (F2 dan 80,55% (F3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bawang dayak dapat diformulasi dalam ukuran nanopartikel dengan karakteristik fisik yang bervariasi tergantung pada konsentrasi kitosan dan tripolifosfat yang digunakan. Kata Kunci:   Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr., antioksidan, nanopartikel, kitosan, tripolifosfat, gelasi ionik. ABSTRACT Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl Merr. ethanol extract had been known to have excellent antioxidant activity that has the potential to be developed into a nanoparticle delivery systems. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of chitosan

  15. Evaluation of antibody responses in american visceral leishmaniasis by ELISA and immunoblot Avaliação da resposta imune humoral na leishmaniose visceral americana pelos métodos ELISA e "immunoblot"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas G. Evans

    1989-06-01

    indivíduos controles. Apenas um dos 72 controles, que tinha um irmäo com leishmaniose visceral, apresentou positividade para o teste. "Immunoblots" de soros de pacientes apresentaram bandas múltiplas, sendo as mais freqüentes de aproximadamente 116 kDa, 70 kDa. Com menor freqüência foram observadas bandas de 93 kDa, 74 kDa, 62 kDa, 46 kDa e 32 kDa. As respostas, através de ELISA e dos padröes de separaçäo por "immunoblot", foram distintas na leishmaniose visceral e podem ser usadas para diferenciar pacientes com leishmaniose visceral daqueles com doenças de Chagas ou leishmaniose cutânea. As amostras sorológicas de pacientes acompanhados durante seis semanas após o tratamento näo apresentaram nenhuma banda nova. A eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-sulfato de dodecil de sódio (SDS-PAGE das proteínas iodinadas da superfície do parasita mostrou uma banda principal e quatro menores, enquanto a eletroforese de proteínas biotiniladas do parasita mostrou um padräo semelhante aquele apresentado pelos soros dos pacientes. A leishmaniose visceral parece produzir um padräo de "immunoblot" característico que pode ser usado, juntamente com um método sensível tipo ELISA, no diagnóstico de leishmaniose visceral americana.

  16. Imagen de América Latina en "La Ilustración Española y Americana", en el siglo XIX

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    Lic. Vivian Jara

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available 'La Ilustración Española y Americana' es, probablemente, la más sobresaliente publicación semanal que se conserva de la época, una de las de mayor tirada y de mayor difusión, tanto en el Viejo como en el Nuevo Continente, y probablemente también una de las de mayor perdurabilidad en el tiempo. Se publicaba en Madrid y era distribuida a todos los países de habla hispana. Para realizar este trabajo la autora trabajó con los ejemplares de La Ilustración Española y Americana desde 1876 y hasta 1881, inclusive, y con los Almanaques de La Ilustración conservados en la Biblioteca de la Universidad de La Laguna. El trabajo consistió en el relevamiento de imágenes de y/o referidas a América Latina. Con tal fin y bajo la dirección y tutoría del profesor Adrián Alemán de Armas, se elaboró una ficha de investigación que condensó los aspectos esenciales de dichas imágenes. Asimismo, se realizaron simultáneamente observaciones acerca de algunos aspectos más sobresalientes, en los artículos referidos a América Latina. Estos son los primeros resultados de dichas observaciones. Por supuesto, aún queda mucho por releer, re-analizar y elaborar. En principio, hemos tratado de determinar, desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, el porcentual de espacio asignado a América Latina, en las páginas de La Ilustración Española y Americana.

  17. Physiological and foliar symptom response of Prunus serotina, Fraxinus americana and Acer rubrum canopy trees to ozone under differing site conditions

    Science.gov (United States)

    M. Schaub; J.M. Skelly; J.W. Zhang; J.A. Ferdinand; J.E. Savage; R.E. Stevenson; D.D. Davis; K.C. Steiner

    2005-01-01

    The crowns of five canopy dominant black cherry ( Prunus serotina Ehrh.), five white ash ( Fraxinus americana L.), and six red maple ( Acer rubrum L.) trees on naturally differing environmental conditions were accessed with scaffold towers within a mixed hardwood forest stand in central Pennsylvania....

  18. Expansão espacial da leishmaniose visceral americana em São Luis, Maranhão, Brasil Space expansion of the American visceral leishmaniasis in São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wellington da Silva Mendes

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se a ocupação espacial no município de São Luis e a expansão da leishmaniose visceral americana(LVA na mesma. Foram analisadas as fichas de registro de atendimento de casos de leishmaniose visceral da Diretoria Regional da Fundação Nacional de Saúde do Maranhão no período de setembro de 1982 a dezembro de 1996, assim como documentos oficiais sobre a ocupação espacial do município. Foi observado que os casos de LVA ao longo da evolução da epidemia em São Luis apresentaram distribuição espacial e concentração semelhantes a apresentada pelo fluxo migratório na cidade no mesmo período.The space occupation and the expansion of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL were described in the municipality of São Luis, Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. AVL medical notes from the Fundação Nacional de Saúde as well as official documents about the space occupation were analyzed from September 1982 to December 1996. AVL cases were more likely to occur in recently settled suburbs and tended to follow the same spatial pattern observed for land occupations secondary to migratory fluxes.

  19. Simulating the effects of climate change on population connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA

    Science.gov (United States)

    T. N. Wasserman; S. A. Cushman; A. S. Shirk; E. L. Landguth; J. S. Littell

    2012-01-01

    We utilize empirically derived estimates of landscape resistance to assess current landscape connectivity of American marten (Martes americana) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, and project how a warming climate may affect landscape resistance and population connectivity in the future. We evaluate the influences of five potential future temperature scenarios...

  20. Determinantes da qualidade da informação contábil em grandes companhias abertas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geovanne Dias de Moura

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que influenciam na qualidade da informação contábil das maiores empresas listadas na BM&Bovespa. Método: Pesquisa realizada em uma amostra composta por 100 companhias abertas. A qualidade da informação foi analisada por meio de um índice desenvolvido por Fathi (2013, composto por 78 itens e que contemplam informações obrigatórias e voluntárias. Os fatores determinantes observados foram governança corporativa, empresa de auditoria, existência de comitê de auditoria, concentração acionária, investidores institucionais e internacionalização da empresa. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram um índice médio de evidenciação equivalente a 78%. A maioria das companhias estavam listadas em níveis diferenciados de governança; eram auditadas por big four e possuíam Comitê de Auditoria. O percentual médio de concentração acionária foi 41,37%; em 44% delas havia investidores institucionais no quadro acionário; e apenas 19% negociavam ações em bolsa americana. Em relação aos fatores determinantes, verificou-se que o fato de a empresa ser auditada por big four; possuir Comitê de Auditoria; possuir participação acionária de investidores institucionais; e negociar ações em bolsa americana reflete-se em informações divulgadas de melhor qualidade. Contribuições: Os achados fornecem evidências adicionais para a literatura existente, além de serem relevantes para os diversos usuários das informações contábeis, tais como analistas e investidores.

  1. Thermal effects on growth and respiration rates of the mayfly, Dolania americana (ephemeroptera)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Harvey, R.S.

    1975-01-01

    The mayfly Dolania Americana, common in the sand of Upper Three Runs Creek, Savannah River Plant, was studied to determine the effects of seasonal changes in temperature on population growth rates and to determine the effects of slight elevations in water temperature on respiration rates of this benthic species. Growth of the population increased with stream temperature until peak emergence of adults in June and July. There was a strong inverse correlation between body weight and respiration rates of immature nymphs. Respiration rates at 2.5, 5, and 10 0 C above ambient creekwater temperatures were not significantly higher than those measured at ambient creekwater temperatures. (auth)

  2. Characterization of Mn-resistant endophytic bacteria from Mn-hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana and their impact on Mn accumulation of hybrid penisetum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Wen-Hui; Chen, Wei; He, Lin-Yan; Wang, Qi; Sheng, Xia-Fang

    2015-10-01

    Three hundred Mn-resistant endophytic bacteria were isolated from the Mn-hyperaccumulator, Phytolacca americana, grown at different levels of Mn (0, 1, and 10mM) stress. Under no Mn stress, 90%, 92%, and 11% of the bacteria produced indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, respectively. Under Mn stress, 68-94%, 91-92%, and 21-81% of the bacteria produced IAA, siderophore, and ACC deaminase, respectively. Greater percentages of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria were found in the Mn-treated P. americana. Furthermore, the ratios of IAA- and siderophore-producing bacteria were significantly higher in the Mn treated plant leaves, while the ratio of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria was significantly higher in the Mn treated-roots. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, Mn-resistant bacteria were affiliated with 10 genera. In experiments involving hybrid penisetum grown in soils treated with 0 and 1000mgkg(-1) of Mn, inoculation with strain 1Y31 was found to increase the root (ranging from 6.4% to 18.3%) and above-ground tissue (ranging from 19.3% to 70.2%) mass and total Mn uptake of above-ground tissues (64%) compared to the control. Furthermore, inoculation with strain 1Y31 was found to increase the ratio of IAA-producing bacteria in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of hybrid penisetum grown in Mn-added soils. The results showed the effect of Mn stress on the ratio of the plant growth-promoting factor-producing endophytic bacteria of P. americana and highlighted the potential of endophytic bacterium as an inoculum for enhanced phytoremediation of Mn-polluted soils by hybrid penisetum plants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FOLIAR INJURY RESPONSES OF PRUNUS SEROTINA, FRAXINUS AMERICANA, AND ACER RUBRUM SEEDLINGS TO VARYING SOIL MOISTURE AND OZONE. (R825244)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sixteen black cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.), 10 white ash (Fraxinus americana, L.) and 10 red maple (Acer rubrum, L.) 1-year old seedlings were planted per plot in 1997 on a former nursery bed within 12 open-top chambers and six open plots. Seedlings wer...

  4. Emoções e guerras: da Micronésia às bases militares americanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clara Saraiva

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available Catherine Lutz tem um PhD em antropologia cultural da Universidade de Harvard, é professora do Departamento de Antropologia da Brown University, e investigadora do Watson Institute for International Studies da mesma universidade. Os seus temas de pesquisa debruçam-se sobre a antropologia das emoções, construção do género e da noção de raça, teoria crítica, mudanças na democracia e, mais recentemente, guerra, grupos militares e sociedade, nomeadamente através do estudo de bases militares americanas e do retorno de militares americanos dissidentes da guerra do Iraque. Lutz conduziu igualmente pesquisa para organizações activistas e todas estas temáticas se relacionam com a vontade de compreender as articulações socais e culturais das construções de poder e de desigualdade. Algumas das suas obras, influentes no campo da antropologia das emoções, da antropologia cognitiva e da história política são Unnatural Emotions: Everyday Sentiments on a Micronesian Atoll and their Challenge to Western Theory; Language and the Politics of Emotion(com Abu-Lughod; Reading National Geographic; Homefront: a Military City and the American 20th Century; Local Democracy under Siege: Activism, Public Interests, and Private Politics; The Bases of the Empire. The Struggle against US Military Posts, além de vários artigos como "Empire is in the details" e "Making war at home in the United States: militarization and the current crisis". Nesta entrevista Lutz fala sobre o que tem sido o seu trabalho e as suas preocupações académicas mas também sociais e interventivas.

  5. Alguns dados sobre a leishmaniose visceral americana e doença de Chagas no Nordeste Brasileiro (Relatório de uma excursão realizada nos Estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e Baía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Pondé

    1942-01-01

    Full Text Available Antes de nossas pesquisas, nas zonas emque trabalhamos, haviam sido asinalados cinco casos vivos de Leishmaniose Visceral Americana, três no Ceará e dois em Pernambuco. Alem desses, oito tinham sido evidenciados por viscerotomia na Baía, município de Jacobina. Já se tinha conhecimento tambem, de um caso de Doença de Chagas no Ceará. Na confecção do presente trabalho visitamos regiões dos Estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e Baía, onde realizamos rápidos inquéritos epidemiológicos sobre as duas protozooses. No Ceará, região do Cariri, encontramos dois novos casos de Leishmaniose Visceral Americana, cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo exame de esfregaços de polpa esplênica, e cinco de Doença de Chagas, evidenciandos pelos xenodiagnóstico. Foram capturados Flebotomus longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, F. villelai Mangabeira., F. limai Fonseca e F. nordestinus Mangabeira, assim com Panstrongylus megistus (Burm., 13.5% dos quais infectados. Examinamos animais domésticos (cães e gatos e silvestres com resultado negativo. Em Pernambuco, município de Exú, fizemos um inquérito sobre os dois casos de Leishmaniose Visceral Americana anteriormente assinalados, não encontrando outros. foram capturados F. longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, alem de Panstrongylus magistus (Burm. e Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva; nenhum deles estava infectado. Dos animais domésticos foram autopsiados três cães sendo encontrado um com leishmanias no fígado e no baço. O exame de 43 animais silvestres nada revelou. Na Baía, município de Jacobina, encontramos, na zona periférica da cidade, um caso de Leishmaniose visceral Americana e, em outras localidades do município, três outros casos, cujos diagnósticos foram confirmados pelo exame de esfregaços de polpa esplênica; encontramos, também dois casos de Doença de Chagas, evidenciados pelo xenodiagnóstico. Foram capturados F. evandroi Costa Lima, F. lenti Mangabeira e F. longipalpis Lutz & Neiva; Panstrongylus

  6. Extração da mucilagem em sementes de Genipa americana L. visando o potencial fisiológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amanda Kelly Dias Bezerra

    Full Text Available RESUMOFrutífera pertencente à família Rubiaceae, o jenipapo (Genipa americana L. apresenta ampla distribuição em regiões tropicais úmidas e subtropicais da América Latina. Suas sementes apresentam densa mucilagem aderida, a qual pode prejudicar a germinação favorecendo ao desenvolvimento de microrganismos, requerendo desta forma, operações para a sua eliminação. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial fisiológico em lotes de sementes de jenipapo sob diferentes métodos de extração da mucilagem. Frutos provenientes de quatro matrizes de jenipapeiro do município de Areia, PB, foram submetidos aos métodos de extração da mucilagem das sementes: manual com peneira, água corrente e areia; fermentação; centrifugação e H2SO4. Avaliou-se o potencial fisiológico das sementes quanto ao teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca, emergência de plântulas e teste de sanidade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05. O teor de água das sementes foi semelhante entre os lotes. Os diferentes métodos de extração da mucilagem de sementes de jenipapo avaliados não influenciaram a germinação, mantendo a viabilidade, entretanto, quando avaliadas quanto ao vigor, as sementes extraídas na peneira mostram-se superior quando comparadas aos outros métodos. Assim, o método da remoção da mucilagem das sementes de jenipapo em peneira com areia proporcionou sementes com alto potencial fisiológico, não havendo influência na qualidade sanitária destas sementes.

  7. Politica de humanizacao na atencao basica: revisao sistematica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlise Rigon Dalla Nora

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO : Analisar as práticas de humanização na atenção básica na rede pública do sistema de saúde brasileiro com base nos princípios da política nacional de humanização do Brasil. MÉTODOS : Procedeu-se à revisão sistemática da literatura seguida de metassíntese, usando as bases de dados: BDENF (Base de dados da enfermagem, BDTD (Biblioteca digital brasileira de teses e dissertações, CINAHL ( Cumulative Index to nursing and allied health literature , LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em ciências da saúde, MedLine (Literatura Internacional em ciência da Saúde, PAHO (Biblioteca da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e SciELO ( Scientific Electronic Library Online . Foram selecionados os seguintes descritores de assunto: Humanização; Humanização da Assistência; Acolhimento; Cuidado humanizado; Humanização em saúde; Vínculo; Programa de Saúde da Família; Atenção Básica; Saúde Coletiva e Sistema Único de Saúde. Para análise, foram incluídos artigos de pesquisa, estudos de caso, relatos de experiências, dissertações, teses e capítulos de livros, escritos em língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola, publicados de 2003 a 2011. RESULTADOS : Das 4.127 publicações recuperadas sobre o tema, foram avaliadas e incluídas 40, chegando a três categorias centrais. A primeira, infraestrutura e organização dos serviços básicos de saúde, evidenciou insatisfação com a estrutura física e material e com os fluxos de atendimento que podem facilitar ou dificultar o acesso. A segunda refere-se ao processo de trabalho, que apresentou questões relacionadas ao número insuficiente de profissionais, fragmentação dos processos de trabalho, perfil e responsabilização profissional. A terceira consistiu das tecnologias das relações e apontou o acolhimento, vínculo, escuta, respeito e diálogo com os usuários. CONCLUSÕES : Embora muitas práticas sejam citadas como humanizadoras, não conseguem

  8. Localização encefálica da blastomicose sul-americana. Considerações a propósito de 9 casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter C. Pereira

    1965-06-01

    Full Text Available Lesões encefálicas produzidas pelo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis têm sido registradas na literatura com relativa freqüência. Os autores chamam a atenção para a dificuldade diagnóstica dêstes processos que, na quase totali- dade, constituem-se de achados cirúrgicos ou de necropsia. A síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana é a manifestação mais comum, levando quase sempre ao diagnóstico de tumor intracraniano. Os exames complementares, inclusive o líquido cefalorraqueano, são pobres em dados específicos; o encontro do parasita, assim como a positividade das reações de fixação de complemento e de precipitação nesse humor, são raramente verificadas. A natureza da afecção só tem sido suspeitada quando existem lesões paracocci-dióicas conhecidas em outros órgãos. Nove casos de blastomicose sul-americana com localização encefálica são estudados. Sete foram submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas, dêstes, 3 tiveram boa evolução, sendo os únicos que sobreviveram de tôda a série. Nos três casos foi empregada, em épocas diversas depois da intervenção cirúrgica, anfotericina B pelas vias intravenosa ou intratecal. Os autores consideram a excição cirúrgica dos granulomas encefálicos imprescindível, mormente quando existem sinais de compressão bem localizadas. Após o ato cirúrgico a administração de anfotericina B, pelas vias intravenosa ou intratecal, deve ser prescrita a fim de evitar possíveis recidivas da moléstia.

  9. Distribution of 137Cs in the American Coot (Fulica americana)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Potter, C.M.; Brisbin, I.L. Jr.; McDowell, S.G.; Whicker, F.W.

    1989-01-01

    Caesium-137 concentrations were determined for major tissue and organ components of Americal Coots (Fulica americana) wintering on two contaminated reactor cooling reservoirs on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant. Concentrations reflected the relative contamination levels of the two reservoirs. A low ratio of 137 Cs in gut contents to that in muscle indicated that the coots used in the study were established winter residents and tissue 137 Cs had probably reached equilibrium with intake. The contributions of each component to the whole body weight and total 137 Cs body burden were calculated. Skeletal muscle exhibited the highest 137 Cs concentrations and comprised 35% of the total 137 Cs body burden. Gut contents represented 17% of the total body burden. Various other organs were intermediate and bone exhibited the lowest 137 Cs concentrations. Linear regressions were determined for 137 Cs concentrations in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissue and gut contents, as functions of whole-body concentrations. (author)

  10. Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae de área de transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, no município de Itupeva, região sudeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mayo Renata Caporalle

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available O estudo da fauna flebotomínica em área de transmissão recente de leishmaniose tegumentar americana fornece subsídios para o controle da doença no Estado de São Paulo. Neste estudo, procurou-se caracterizar a distribuição sazonal, espacial e horária das espécies de flebotomíneos encontradas no município de Itupeva. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente entre abril/94 e março/95. Dos 864 indivíduos coletados, 81,4% pertenceram a 4 espécies: Lutzomyia migonei (32,4%, L. whitmani (26,0%, L. intermedia (12,0% e L. fischeri (10,9%. Estas espécies apresentaram maior densidade no período mais frio e seco do ano (abril a setembro/94 e maior atividade entre a segunda e a quinta hora após o crepúsculo vespertino. L. migonei predominou em praticamente todos os ambientes investigados, seguida por L. whitmani e L. longipalpis no ambiente domiciliar. Conclui-se que, juntamente com L. intermedia, espécie suspeita como provável vetora no Estado de São Paulo, L. migonei e L. whitmani podem estar desempenhando um importante papel na transmissão da leishmaniose tegumentar na área estudada.

  11. O Paradoxo da Macrossecuritização: Quando a Guerra ao Terror não Securitiza Outras “Guerras” na América do Sul

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    Rafael Duarte Villa

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A tese principal deste trabalho é de que a política do governo dos EUA de guerra global ao terror lhe ofereceu a oportunidade de passar de uma lógica de securitização simples para uma de macrossecuritização no tratamento dos problemas da proliferação das drogas e da presença de guerrilhas no caso colombiano, e no tratamento dos problemas de crime transnacional, no caso da Tríplice Fronteira no Cone Sul. Em outras palavras, os problemas relacionados ao tráfico de drogas, guerrilhas e crime transnacional em ambos os lugares foram tratados menos como um processo com dinâmicas autônomas e sim subordinados à macrossecuritização que a doutrina da guerra global contra o terror impôs. No entanto, embora os Estados Unidos tenham tido algum sucesso na macrossecuritização na Colômbia e na Tríplice Fronteira, em ambos os casos há um paradoxo nos resultados emergentes das políticas norte-americanas: o éxito na macrossecuritização não corresponde necessariamente a umsucesso na securitização de processos e atores envolvidos.

  12. Studies on the Paint Forming Properties of Avocado(Persea Americana) and African Pear (Dacryodes Edulis) Seed Oils.

    OpenAIRE

    Otaigbe, J.O.E; Oriji, O.G; Ekerenam, G.E

    2016-01-01

    Avocado(Persea Americana) and African Pear (Dacryodes edulis) seed oils were investigated for their suitability as base materials for oil paint production. Soxhlet extraction of the oils from the powdered seeds using n-hexane gave 3.63% and 10.40% yields for Avocado and African Pear respectively. Proximate analysis and chemical characterization of the seed oils were carried out using standard procedures according to the American Oil Chemist Society (AOCS) and the American Society for Testing ...

  13. Helen Howitt: una semilla canadiense en la enfermería latinoamericana Helen Howitt: uma semente canadense na enfermagem latino-americana Helen Howitt: A Canadian seed in Latin American nursing

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    ANA LUISA VELANDIA MORA

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se propone hacer visible la presencia de Helen Howitt en la enfermería latinoamericana. Paralelamente pretende hacer un análisis de la influencia política del Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública en la enfermería de la región y la presencia de organizaciones religiosas, especialmente norteamericanas, en varios países latinoamericanos. Helen Howitt, enfermera canadiense egresada de la Universidad de Alberta, fue enviada en 1942 por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, OPS para que asesorara en Colombia al Ministerio de Trabajo, Higiene y Previsión Social. Pasó a formar parte del proyecto de apertura y organización de la Escuela Nacional Superior de Enfermeras, y fue su primera directora. Helen Howitt fue directora de la Escuela de Enfermería del Hospital Santo Tomás de la Zona del Canal de Panamá entre 1933 y 1938, luego fundadora y primera directora de la Escuela Nacional Superior de Enfermeras de Colombia entre los años 1943 y 1951; posteriormente de la Escuela Nacional de Enfermeras de Bolivia entre 1953 y 1959, cuando fue invitada a cumplir un cargo similar en Venezuela. A todos estos países llegó primero como consultora del respectivo Ministerio de Salud, a través de convenios con el Servicio Cooperativo Interamericano de Salud Pública. La Fundación Rockefeller daba becas para todos los países latinos. En la Escuela del Hospital Santo Tomás de Panamá había estudiantes de toda la América Central, Venezuela, Colombia, hasta del Ecuador y la Argentina. La Rockefeller quería unificar la enfermería en toda Latinoamérica. Llegó primero a Venezuela; y las enfermeras que se graduaron en Panamá fueron las líderes en América Latina, donde trataron de fundar escuelas.O presente trabalho pretende visibilizar a presença de Hellen Howitt na enfermagem latino-americana. Paralelamente, procura fazer uma análise sobre a influência política do Serviço Cooperativo Interamericano de Sa

  14. Helen Howitt: una semilla canadiense en la enfermería latinoamericana Helen Howitt: A Canadian seed in Latin American nursing Helen Howitt: uma semente canadense na enfermagem latino-americana

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    VELANDIA MORA ANA LUISA

    2009-07-01

    Health Services in nursing in the region and the presence of religious organizations, especially North American ones in several Latin American countries. Helen Howitt, a Canadian nurse who graduated from the University of Alberta, was sent in 1942 by the PAHO (Pan American Health Organization to advise the Colombian Ministry of Labor, Hygiene and Social Provision. She became part of the opening and organization project of the Escuela Nacional Superior de Enfermeras (National Nursing School where she be-come their first director. Helen Howitt was director of the Nursing School of Santo Tomás Hospital in the Panamá Canal zone between 1933 and 1938, later she became the founder and first director of Colombia's National Nursing School between 1943 and 1951; afterwards of Bolivia's National Nursing School between 1953 and 1959, when she was invited to fulfill a similar position in Venezuela. She arrived to all these countries first as consultant of the respective Ministry of Health, through Agreements with the Interamerican Cooperative Public Health Services. The Rockefeller Foundation used to provide scholarships to all Latin American countries, At Santo Tomas Hospital School in Panama there used to be students from all parts in Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina. The Rockefeller Foundation wanted to unify nursing throughout Latin America. It first arrived in Venezuela and nurses who graduated in Panama were leaders in Latin America where they tried to open schools.O presente trabalho pretende visibilizar a presença de Hellen Howitt na enfermagem latino-americana. Paralelamente, procura fazer uma análise sobre a influência política do Serviço Cooperativo Interamericano de Saúde Pública na enfermagem da região e sobre a presença de organizações religiosas, especialmente, estadunidenses, em vários países latinoamericanos. Helen Howitt, enfermeira canadense formada na Universidade de Alberta, foi enviada em 1942 para a OPS

  15. Ilegitimidades na ficção de Roberto Bolaño: os filhos da outra

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    Renata Farias de Felippe

    2014-01-01

    Contar as margens/nas margens, uma das reincidências da chamada literatura pós-mo­derna, é também um traço proeminente da ficção do escritor Roberto Bolaño. A sua obra ficcional — cuja irrupção se dá após o denominado “boom” da literatura latino-americana — aponta para um outro entre-lugar, dis­tanciado tanto da tendência fantástica que deu visibilidade à literatura produ­zida na América hispânica, quanto da vertente que, debruçada sobre a própria literatura, questiona os limites da linguagem. Ficção cir­cunscrita sob o signo do exílio e da inadequação, na obra de Bo­laño as personagens estabelecem laços afeti­vos/familiares provisórios, (ilegítimos e é nesse âmbito que irrompem maternidades excêntricas, cujas con­tingências e instabilidades direcionam ao queer. Pensar as representações maternas/maternais como um locus de transitoriedades (ilegitimadas pelo afeto é o objetivo desta exposição.

  16. Effects of ripening on rheological properties of avocado pulp (Persea americana mill. Cv. Hass)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Osorio, F.; Roman, A.; Ortiz, J.

    2015-04-01

    Avocado (Persea americana Mill) Hass variety is the most planted in Chile with a greater trade prospect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maturity on rheological properties of Chilean Avocado Hass pulp. Fresh unripe avocados were washed and peeled, cut and stored at 3 different times; a portion was treated at 5°C and the other was treated at 20°C until it reached 2 lb puncture pressure. During maturation changes would develop due to temperature and time, with internal cellular structure changes. Preliminary results of the rheological characteristics of avocado puree show a Bingham plastic behavior.

  17. Thomas Jefferson, I dilemmi della democrazia americana, translated and edited by Alberto Giordano, with a preface by Dino Cofrancesco (Novi Ligure: Città del Silenzio, 2007

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    Pierluigi Chiassoni

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available A review of Thomas Jefferson, I dilemmi della democrazia americana, translated and edited by Alberto Giordano, with a preface by Dino Cofrancesco (Novi Ligure: Città del Silenzio, 2007

  18. Synthèses enzymatiques de néoglucoconjugués catalysées par l'alpha-glucosidase purifiée de la blatte Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus

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    Kamenan A.

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Enzymatic synthesis of neoglucoconjugates by purified α-glucosidase from cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus. Cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus contains in his digestive tract an acid (pH 5,0 and mesophile (50°C α-glucosidase. This enzyme, purified to homogeneity, hydrolyses highly maltose, sucrose and p-nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside. The ability of α-glucosidase from cockroach purified to homogeneity to catalyse transglucosylation reactions was tested using maltose and saccharose as glucosyl donors and 2-phenylethanol and phenol as acceptors. The experimental conditions were optimized in relation to the time course of the reaction, pH and concentrations of glucosyl donors and acceptors. The yields in transglucosylation reactions at 37 °C were very high and could attain 67% and 48% with 2-phenylethanol and phenol respectively as glucosyl acceptors. This α-glucosidase hydrolyzed the products formed. It seems that the products formed were the phenylethyl-α-D-glucoside and phenyl-α-D-glucoside. These results suggest that α- glucosidase from cockroach is an exoglucosidase which catalyse the splitting of the α-glucosyl residue from the non reducing terminal of the substrate to liberate α-glucose. This comportment indicates that this enzyme operated by a mechanism involving the retention of the anomeric configuration. On the basis of this work, α-glucosidase from P. americana appears to be a valuable tool for the preparation of α-neoglucoconjugates.

  19. Diversity and genetic structure of jenipapo (Genipa americana L. Brazilian accessions

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    Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Usually known as jenipapo, Genipa americana L. is a Rubiaceae Brazilian native species. It is an important species in the restoration of Brazilian riparian forests and is one of the most promising fruit trees for sustainable harvesting programs. In this study we provide the first data on the genetic diversity and structure of a Jenipapo Germplasm Bank using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR markers. We evaluated 160 accessions from wild populations, and the data generated from 12 ISSR primers were used to determine genetic variability via a model-based Bayesian procedure (Structure and molecular variance analysis. In addition, Shannon index, genetic diversity and Jaccard coefficients were estimated. A total of 12 primers were used, which generated 123 polymorphic fragments. Four groups were formed from the analysis of the fragments, and the CR1-2 genotype was isolated, being more divergent than the other genotypes.

  20. Muhammad Ali, um outsider na sociedade americana?

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    Flávio Py Mariante Neto

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo analisa a carreira do boxeador Muhammad Ali segundo as formulações sobre as relações de poder em configurações apresentadas por Norbert Elias. O propósito foi compreender como um atleta que foi contra questões tão profundas da sociedade estabelecida obteve sucesso profissional. Tratou-se de um estudo documental, tendo como fonte livros, artigos e reportagens publicadas sobre a trajetória do lutador. Concluiu-se que apesar de Ali ter se posicionado contra padrões estabelecidos de sua época em questões como a religião, o racismo e o patriotismo, a sua habilidade técnica acima da média, o seu poder de autopromoção e a sua capacidade de participar do jogo no contexto configuracional de que fazia parte, lhe deram condições de sobrevivência no mundo do boxe e conseqüente sucesso profissional.

  1. Entre Debates e Embates: uma reflexão sobre epistemologias feministas latino-americanas

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    Renata Araújo Matos

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O presente texto objetiva discutir proposições elaboradas por parte de pensadoras feministas latino-americanas, pautando sua contribuição para os estudos teóricos que buscam compreender a construção dos padrões coloniais que ainda persistem na análise social da região. Entende-se que é pertinente fazer referência aos debates e confrontos internos aos movimentos e ao pensamento feminista para, dessa forma, evitar o caminho simplificador de não-reconhecimento, sem exceções, das contribuições do pensamento social já institucionalizado. Palavras-chaves: mulheres; feminismos latino-americanos; epistemologias feministas.   Between Debates and Blocks: a Reflection on Latin American Feminists Epistemologies Abstract The present article aims to discuss Latin American thinkers propositions and how their contributions impact on the regional decolonial studies. It is understood that it is pertinent to refer to debates and internal confrontations with feminist movements and thinking. In this way, one can avoid the simplistic path of non-recognition, without exceptions, of the contributions of already institutionalized social thought. Keywords: Women, Latin American Feminists, Feminists Epistemologies   Entre Debates y Embates: una reflexión sobre epistemologías feministas latinoamericanas Resumen El presente texto tiene como objetivo discutir proposiciones elaboradas por parte de pensadoras feministas latinoamericanas, pautando su contribución para los estudios teóricos que buscan comprender la construcción de los estándares coloniales que aún persisten en el análisis social de la región. Se considera pertinente hacer referencia a los debates y confrontaciones internos a los movimientos y al pensamiento feminista para, de esa forma, evitar el camino simplificador de no-reconocimiento, sin excepciones, de las contribuciones del pensamiento social ya institucionalizado.     Palabras-clave: mujeres; feminismos

  2. Desempenho de pontos de corte do índice de massa corporal de diferentes referências na predição de gordura corporal em adolescentes

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    Ana Carolina Reiff e Vieira

    Full Text Available Avaliamos a acurácia de pontos de corte do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC para identificar adolescentes com sobrepeso, comparando com percentual de gordura corporal, estimado pela bioimpedância elétrica, em uma amostra probabilística de 610 adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos (222 meninos e 388 meninas, estudantes de escolas públicas de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A curva ROC foi utilizada para avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade de pontos de corte de IMC de uma referência nacional, duas norte-americanas e uma internacional. Os pontos de corte da amostra estudada foram inferiores aos das demais referências, com sensibilidade de 76% a 95% e especificidade de 75% a 95%. Os pontos de corte nacionais foram também mais sensíveis (53% a 100%, se comparados às outras referências (40% a 86%. O critério internacional apresentou melhor sensibilidade para adolescentes mais velhos e as referências americanas, para os mais jovens. O IMC foi um bom proxy de adiposidade, mas o uso de pontos de corte de referências de outras populações merece cautela, pois pode gerar erro na classificação de adolescente com sobrepeso em até 60%.

  3. Morfologia das células do sangue periférico em emas (Rhea americana

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    Eunice Anita de Moura Fortes

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available The rhea (Rhea americana is a South American bird of the ratite group and of the Rheiformes order. It has been exploited for economical purposes, as cattle alternative in European and South American countries. In Brazil, the State of Rio Grande do Sul is outstanding, in rhea rearing and it is in the process of implantation in the Country Northeasty Region. This work aims to describe the morphology of the blood cells in rheas. In this work ten rheas were used, regardless age and sex. Two ml of peripheral blood were collected by puncture of the brachial vein with disposable syringe. The samples here partially used to make extensions with Leishman stain. Seven types of nucleate cells have been observed through morphologic analysis on the light microscope. The erythrocyte revealed an elliptical form, with condensed nucleus of elliptical form; acidophilic cytoplasm. The thrombocyte revealed an elliptical form, with nucleus located in one of the polar regions; pale cytoplasm. As to the round-shaped leukocytes, within the granulocytes, the heterophils presented excentric, condensed, and lobulated nucleus; cytoplasm rich in fusiform salmon-colored granules. The eosinophils distinguish from the heterophils due to the round eosinophilic granules. The basophils stand out from the other granulocytes due to its large and central nucleus with round specific cytoplasmic and highly basophilic granules. Within the agranulocytes, the monocytes presented reniform nucleus, which is frequently central, with slack chromatin, with small areas of condensation; cytoplasm lightly basophilic and with vacuoles. The lymphocytes presented varies forms and sizes; large nucleus with slack chromatin with some nucleoli; scarce and basophilic cytoplasm. The cells of the peripheral blood of Rhea americana present on the light microscope morphology similar to the other birds which have already been studied.

  4. Um altar romano na baía do Guajará: programa iconológico e reforma católica na Catedral da Sé de Belém do Pará (1867-1892

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    Aldrin Figueiredo

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o papel da arte sacra e religiosa na Amazônia no contexto do movimento de renovação do catolicismo brasileiro no século XIX, conhecido como reforma católica Para isso, toma, como objeto de análise, a encomenda do altar mor de Nossa Senhora de Belém pelo bispo do Pará D. Antônio de Macedo Costa (1830-1891 para o escultor e arquiteto italiano Luca Carimini (1830-1890. Essa obra, juntamente com outras realizadas no mesmo período do pontificado de Pio IX, perfaz um programa iconológico e um corpus narrativo de fundo artístico e sagrado, que são testemunhos da pedagogia e dos debates políticos na história do catolicismo romano e brasileiro do século XIX. Além disso, movimenta artistas que atuaram sob o mecenato do papa Pio IX para cidades latino-americanas como Santiago, no Chile, e Belém do Pará, no Brasil, evidenciando conexões artísticas, intelectuais e religiosas entre o Vaticano e a América do Sul, como parte do movimento internacional de renovação do catolicismo. 

  5. RACISMO PRESENTE NA ANIMAÇÃO “SCRUB ME MAMA WITH A BOGGIE BEAT” DE WALTER LANTZ (1941

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    Julio Geraldo Carvalho de Jesus

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available As Animações são fontes interessantes de serem exploradas pela perspectiva histórica, uma vez que trazem questões impostas pelo contexto da produção e podem ser utilizadas como meio de transmitir conhecimentos e ideologias. O presente artigo faz uma reflexão acerca do tema do racismo nas animações dirigidas e produzidas por Walter Lantz, no ano de 1941, tomando como base o cartoon “Scrube Me Mama with a Boogie Beat”, distribuído pela Universal Studios, e reexibido no ano de 1948. Apesar do racismo presente na obra, não há qualquer menção crítica ao filme, na época em que foi lançado, o que nos permitiu estabelecer um paralelo entre a animação de Lantz e a alegoria do açougue apresentada por Serguei Eisenstein no filme “A greve”. No filme de Eisenstein, a cena final mostra um boi sendo degolado. A violência da cena causou grande impacto na população urbana, mas não impactou da mesma forma os habitantes da zona rural, acostumados com a prática. Da mesma forma, a obra de Lantz, permeada de traços racistas, não causou indignação na população negra, sobretudo por ser comum dentro da sociedade norte americana da época.

  6. A Revista Ibero-Americana De Estratégia Em 2016 E 2017

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    Fernando Antonio Ribeiro Serra

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Nestes últimos dois anos a Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia (RIAE – Iberoamerican Journal of Strategic Management (IJSM tem procurado aprimorar e consolidar as mudanças realizadas desde 2014. Este movimento não poderia acontecer sem que os autores, a quem agradecemos, apesar das diversas alternativas de periódicos onde submeter os seus trabalhos, tenham escolhido a RIAE/IJSM. Também não seria possível sem o esforço e dedicação dos revisores. Agradecemos aos nossos revisores, não só pela dedicação, mas pelo esforço que têm feito em melhorar a qualidade das revisões e apontar possibilidades de melhoria, mesmo para os artigos que por ventura não sejam aceitos.

  7. A história da América Latina na Revista Desarrollo Económico dos anos sessenta do século passado The Latin America history at Desarrollo Económico magazine in the sixties years of the last century

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    Heloisa Jochims Reichel

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa a historiografia sobre a América Latina, publicada no periódico argentino Desarrollo Económico ­ Revista de Ciencias Sociales, durante os anos sessenta do século passado, relacionando-a com a conjuntura política e o pensamento desenvolvimentista do período. Identifica os temas predominantes nos artigos publicados sobre a história latino-americana, destacando a questão da propriedade da terra, a influência da Revista Annales, o predomínio da história econômica e social e das novas metodologias de investigação utilizadas pelos historiadores. Na conclusão, ressalta a perspectiva do latino-americanismo, presente na maioria dos artigos historiográficos publicados na Revista, bem como para o fato de muitos deles estarem já vinculados às tendências atuais da historiografia Argentina e latino-americana.The present article analyses the Latin America historiography published in the Argentinean periodical called Desarrollo Económico- Revista de Ciencias Sociales during the 60's of the last century, which is a period that shows instability in politics and intellectuals great interest in analysing the Latin American historic process. It identifies the predominant themes among the published articles about Latin American history, analyses the land property issue, the influence of another magazine, called Annales, the predominance of both economical and social history, also pointing to the new investigative methodologies used by historians. The conclusion shows the latin-american perspective present at the published articles and the fact that many of them are already the predecessors of modern trends in Argentinean and Latin American historiography.

  8. PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a Second Type 1 Tyramine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blenau, Wolfgang; Balfanz, Sabine; Baumann, Arnd

    2017-10-30

    The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate important physiological functions in vertebrates. In insects; these neuroactive substances are functionally replaced by the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Phenolamines activate specific guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Type 1 tyramine receptors are better activated by tyramine than by octopamine. In contrast; type 2 tyramine receptors are almost exclusively activated by tyramine. Functionally; activation of type 1 tyramine receptors leads to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of cAMP ([cAMP] i ) whereas type 2 tyramine receptors can mediate Ca 2+ signals or both Ca 2+ signals and effects on [cAMP] i . Here; we report that the American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) expresses a second type 1 tyramine receptor (PeaTAR1B) in addition to PeaTAR1A (previously called PeaTYR1). When heterologously expressed in flpTM cells; activation of PeaTAR1B by tyramine leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in [cAMP] i . Its activity can be blocked by a series of established antagonists. The functional characterization of two type 1 tyramine receptors from P. americana ; PeaTAR1A and PeaTAR1B; which respond to tyramine by changing cAMP levels; is a major step towards understanding the actions of tyramine in cockroach physiology and behavior; particularly in comparison to the effects of octopamine.

  9. PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a Second Type 1 Tyramine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

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    Wolfgang Blenau

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate important physiological functions in vertebrates. In insects; these neuroactive substances are functionally replaced by the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Phenolamines activate specific guanine nucleotide-binding (G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs. Type 1 tyramine receptors are better activated by tyramine than by octopamine. In contrast; type 2 tyramine receptors are almost exclusively activated by tyramine. Functionally; activation of type 1 tyramine receptors leads to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of cAMP ([cAMP]i whereas type 2 tyramine receptors can mediate Ca2+ signals or both Ca2+ signals and effects on [cAMP]i. Here; we report that the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana expresses a second type 1 tyramine receptor (PeaTAR1B in addition to PeaTAR1A (previously called PeaTYR1. When heterologously expressed in flpTM cells; activation of PeaTAR1B by tyramine leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in [cAMP]i. Its activity can be blocked by a series of established antagonists. The functional characterization of two type 1 tyramine receptors from P. americana; PeaTAR1A and PeaTAR1B; which respond to tyramine by changing cAMP levels; is a major step towards understanding the actions of tyramine in cockroach physiology and behavior; particularly in comparison to the effects of octopamine.

  10. Pensamento liberal e hegemonia norte-americana: a cultura política em Almond e Verba DOI10.5216/o.v14i1.27658

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    José Henrique Singolano Néspoli

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo consiste num estudo da história do pensamento político contemporâneo e dedica-se particularmente à análise do conceito de cultura política desenvolvido por Gabriel Almond e Sidney Verba na obra A cultura cívica, publicada em 1963. A partir dessa referência, o conceito se espalhou por diversas áreas do conhecimento e a cultura política se transformou num dos mais importantes conceitos do período pós II Guerra Mundial. Esse estudo tem por objetivo analisar as concepções teóricas e práticas presentes no conceito de cultura política em seu contexto de origem, de modo que, por um lado, procura-se identificar as principais referências intelectuais e debates teóricos que contribuíram para delimitar o conceito, por outro lado, pretende analisar os desdobramentos práticos do conceito, buscando compreender as orientações do conceito para a política do pós-guerra. Em ambos os aspectos, o conceito de cultura política de Almond e Verba representou um instrumento da hegemonia norte-americana no contexto da Guerra Fria. hegemonia Estados Unidos.

  11. Food habits of stunted and non-stunted white perch (Morone americana)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gosch, N.J.C.; Stittie, J.R.; Pope, K.L.

    2010-01-01

    We studied food habits of white perch (Morone americana) from two populations with different stable states (stunted [Branched Oak Lake, Nebraska] and nonstunted [Pawnee Lake, Nebraska]) to determine if change in food habits of white perch is likely to occur in situations where a stunted white perch population is altered to a nonstunted state and vice versa. Three approaches were used to quantitatively describe seasonal (spring = March-May, summer = June-August, autumn = September-November) diets of white perch - 1) frequency of occurrence, 2) percentage of composition by volume, and 3) mean stomach fullness. White perch diets were dominated by cladocerans and dipterans in both reservoirs during all seasons. Fish egg predation was similar between reservoirs, and white perch rarely consumed fishes in either the stunted or the non-stunted population. Shifting a white perch population between stunted and non-stunted states will likely cause little or no change in food habits; fish in both states will primarily consume invertebrates.

  12. Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tang, Shirong; Liao, Shangqiang; Guo, Junkang; Song, Zhengguo; Wang, Ruigang; Zhou, Xiaomin

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: ► Elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly promoted growth of P. americana, and A. cruentus. ► Total tissue Cs in plants was significantly increased. ► A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana. ► The two plants had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. ► Combined effects of elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation can be explored for CO 2 - and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology. - Abstract: Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO 2 (860 μL L −1 ) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0–1000 mg kg −1 ). Elevated CO 2 and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO 2 than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO 2 concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO 2 and microbial inoculation with regard to plant ability to grow and remove radionuclides from soil can be explored for CO 2 - and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology.

  13. Avaliação econômica da produção de alface americana em função de lâminas de irrigação Economical evaluation of the crisphead lettuce production as a function of irrigation depths

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquim Alves de Lima Junior

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Visando reduzir as dificuldades do produtor no cultivo da alface americana, especificamente quanto à falta de informações técnicas sobre o momento oportuno de irrigar e a quantidade de água a ser aplicada economicamente viável, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de água sobre o comportamento produtivo e econômico da alface americana. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Lavras, no período de março a maio de 2008 em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco fatores de evaporação, correspondentes a 0,30, 0,60, 0,90, 1,20 e 1,50 EVm, baseado na lâmina evaporada de um minitanque. Os resultados permitiram concluir que, a máxima produtividade total e comercial, 65.578 e 35.308 kg ha-1, foram estimadas com aplicação de lâminas equivalentes a 203,9 e 204,3 mm, respectivamente, correspondente ao fator de reposição de 101%. Considerando o preço do fator água (R$ 0,67 mm-1 e o preço da alface americana (R$ 0,90 kg-1, a lâmina economicamente ótima foi 203,9 mm, resultando em uma produtividade comercial praticamente igual à máxima física.With the objective of minimize the difficulties faced by the producers on cultivating the crisphead lettuce, specifically those related with the lack of technical information regarding the ideal moment to irrigate and the amount of water to be applied, a study was performed in order to determine the effect of different water depths on production and economical behavior of crisphead lettuce. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, between March and May 2008. A randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates was applied. The treatments, consisted of five evaporation factors 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, 1.20 and 1.50 EVm, based on an evaporated depth of a reduced pan. The results showed that

  14. Contribuições da Sociologia na América Latina à imaginação sociológica: análise, crítica e compromisso social Sociology's contribution in Latin America to sociological imagination: analysis, critique, and social commitment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Vicente Tavares-dos-Santos

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo aborda o papel desempenhado pela Sociologia na análise dos processos de transformação das sociedades latino-americanas, no acompanhamento do processo de construção do Estado e da Nação, na problematização das questões sociais na América Latina. São analisados seis períodos na Sociologia na América Latina e no Caribe: I a herança intelectual da Sociologia ; II a sociologia da cátedra; III O período da "Sociologia Científica" e a configuração da "Sociologia Crítica"; IV a crise institucional, a consolidação da "Sociologia Crítica" e a diversificação da sociologia; V a sociologia do autoritarismo, da democracia e da exclusão; VI a consolidação institucional e a mundialização da sociologia da América Latina (desde o ano de 2000, podendo-se afirmar que os traços distintivos do saber sociológico no continente foram: o internacionalismo, o hibridismo, a abordagem crítica dos processos e conflitos das sociedades latino-americanas e o compromisso social do sociólogo.The article focuses on the role played by Sociology in the analysis of processes of change in Latin American societies, in the process of construction of Nation and State, in the debate of social issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Six periods in Sociology in Latin America and the Caribbean are examined: I sociology's intellectual legacy; II sociology as a cathedra; III the period of "Scientific Sociology"; IV the institutional crisis, the consolidation of "Critical Sociology", and the diversifying of sociology; V sociology of authoritarianism, democracy and exclusion; VI institutional consolidation and globalization of Latin American sociology (since 2000. It may be said that the distinctive features of sociological knowledge in the continent were: internationalism, hybridism, the critical approach to processes and conflicts of Latin American societies, and the sociologist social commitment.

  15. A transcriptome-snp-derived linkage map of Apios americana (potato bean) provides insights about genome re-organization and synteny conservation in the phaseolid legumes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Apios (Apios americana; “apios”), a tuberous perennial legume in the Phaseoleae tribe, was widely used as a food by Native Americans. Work in the last 40 years has led to several improved breeding lines. Aspects of the pollination biology (complex floral structure and tripping mechanism) have made c...

  16. Percalços na história da ciência: B. F. Skinner e a aceitação inicial da Análise Experimental do comportamento entre as décadas de 1930 e 1940

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    Robson Nascimento da Cruz

    Full Text Available A elaboração inicial do conceito de condicionamento operante e do delineamento experimental de sujeito único define as bases do sistema explicativo skinneriano em meados de 1930. Todavia, essas formulações não foram imediatamente aceitas. Com o objetivo de compreender os motivos envolvidos nesse episódio da história inicial da Análise do Comportamento, discutimos três eventos históricos, quais sejam: a as dificuldades enfrentadas por Skinner após o seu pós-doutorado; b a recepção ao seu primeiro livro, The Behavior of Organisms; c a disputa com outros modelos explicativos do comportamento. Uma história constituída por determinantes de natureza motivacional, institucional, emocional, econômica e pelas dificuldades de ir na contramão de tendências dominantes na Psicologia Experimental norte-americana é o que se conclui na presente investigação.

  17. Ilegitimidades na ficção de Roberto Bolaño: os filhos da outra

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    Renata Farias de Felippe

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Contar as margens/nas margens, uma das reincidências da chamada literatura pós-mo­derna, é também um traço proeminente da ficção do escritor Roberto Bolaño. A sua obra ficcional — cuja irrupção se dá após o denominado “boom” da literatura latino-americana — aponta para um outro entre-lugar, dis­tanciado tanto da tendência fantástica que deu visibilidade à literatura produ­zida na América hispânica, quanto da vertente que, debruçada sobre a própria literatura, questiona os limites da linguagem. Ficção cir­cunscrita sob o signo do exílio e da inadequação, na obra de Bo­laño as personagens estabelecem laços afeti­vos/familiares provisórios, (ilegítimos e é nesse âmbito que irrompem maternidades excêntricas, cujas con­tingências e instabilidades direcionam ao queer. Pensar as representações maternas/maternais como um locus de transitoriedades (ilegitimadas pelo afeto é o objetivo desta exposição.

  18. Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Etil Asetat Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill. dan Uji Toksisitas Terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach.

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    Nurdia Asdar

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Identification of metabolite compound in acetone Extract from Fruits Avocado seed (Percea americana Mill and toxicity test against Artemia salina Leach. Aim of this research is to identify the secondary metabolite compound in aceton extract from fruits Avocado seed (Percea americana Mill and to determine the potential of secondary metabolites from an avocado extract as anticancer. The compound was obtained from Identification process in several stages, namely extraction, fractination, purification and identification. The identification process was color test, TLC, spectroscopy IR. The toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT to Artemia salina Leach. The compound obtained from this research was yellow-white crystalline needle-shaped, the purity test with TLC analysis showed a stain in three eluen system on the stain test on three eluent systems with Rf proportions as follows; 0,15 from chloroform:ethyl acetat (6:4, 0,33 from methanol:chloroform (1:9, 0,75 for acetone:ethyl acetat, and positively to the reagent Wagner and gave brown precipitate for indicate as alcaloid group. This result is supported by spectroscopy from compound.While toxicity tests showed condensed acetone extracts  and pure compounds are toxic with LC50 value of each is 20.61 mg/mL and 39,81 mg/mL.

  19. Behavioural responses of captive-born greater rheas Rhea americana Linnaeus (Rheiformes, Rheidae submitted to antipredator training Respostas comportamentais de emas cativas Rhea americana Linnaeus (Rheiformes, Rheidae submetidas a treinamentoanti-predação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiano S. de Azevedo

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Human activities have been diminishing greater rhea Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758 populations throughout their natural distribution. The reintroductions of captive-born greater rheas have been tried but without success; since the individuals reintroduced were killed by predators. Captive-born animals that have been isolated from predators for many generations can lose their predator recognition abilities. To enhance the survival rates of the reintroduced animals, researchers are now using antipredator training techniques. We studied the response of 15 zoo-borne greater rheas to antipredator training. The animals were divided into three groups: two test groups and one control group. We ran 15 antipredator tests and four control testes with each group. Antipredator tests consisted of pairing a taxidermized predator model or a real predator (domestic dog with a simulation of a capture procedure. Control tests consisted of presenting the predator model (jaguar to the birds, after training but not associating it with an aversive event and recording behavioural responses. All tests were video-recorded and analysed a posteriori. Results showed that the trained rheas responded appropriately to the predators, becoming more vigilant and that there was considerable individual differences in response to antipredator training. The results demonstrated that antipredator training is effective and therefore an invaluable tool for reintroduction projects involving greater rheas. Furthermore, the methods employed in this research project should be applicable to other species of flightless birds.As atividades humanas têm diminuído as populações de emas Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758 por toda sua área de distribuição. Reintroduções de emas nascidas em cativeiro têm sido tentadas, mas sem sucesso, uma vez que os indivíduos reintroduzidos são mortos por predadores. Animais nascidos em cativeiro que foram isolados de seus predadores por várias gera

  20. Persea americana Glycolic Extract: In Vitro Study of Antimicrobial Activity against Candida albicans Biofilm and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Jesus

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluated the antifungal activity of Persea americana extract on Candida albicans biofilm and its cytotoxicity in macrophage culture (RAW 264.7. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, microdilution in broth (CLSI M27-S4 protocol was performed. Thereafter, the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL (n=10 with 5 min exposure were analyzed on mature biofilm in microplate wells for 48 h. Saline was used as control (n=10. After treatment, biofilm cells were scraped off and dilutions were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. After incubation (37°C/48 h, the values of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL were converted to log10 and analyzed (ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%. The cytotoxicity of the P. americana extract was evaluated on macrophages by MTT assay. The MIC of the extract was 6.25 mg/mL and with 12.5 mg/mL there was elimination of 100% of planktonic cultures. Regarding the biofilms, a significant reduction (P<0.001 of the biofilm at concentrations of 50 (0.580±0.209 log10, 100 (0.998±0.508 log10, and 200 mg/mL (1.093±0.462 log10 was observed. The concentrations of 200 and 100 mg/mL were cytotoxic for macrophages, while the concentrations of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL showed viability higher than 55%.

  1. MEDELLÍN: FERTILE SEEDS OF PASTORAL CONVERSION IN THE UNITED STATES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Allan Figueroa Deck

    2018-04-01

    RESUMO: Este artigo investiga a forma pela qual tanto o evento como o documento de Medellín tiveram papel significativo na evolução dos ministérios pastorais e sociais da população de origem latino-americana dos Estados Unidos nos últimos cinquenta anos. A recepção de Medellín nos Estados Unidos, dentro do contexto mais amplo que se seguiu ao Concílio Vaticano II, foi ampla e profunda, e é aqui delineada em seus muitos desdobramentos. Naquelas comunidades de origem latino-americana, na forma de organizações comunitárias de base conforme a tra­dição de Saul Alinsky, os ministérios sociais de cunho confessional foram influen­ciados pela opção pelos pobres e pela pastoral de conjunto lançadas por Medellín. Vários outros exemplos do impacto causado por Medellín são aqui situados no seu contexto histórico mais amplo da última metade de século, período no qual a população de origem latino-americana despontou como majoritária entre todos os católicos norte-americanos na faixa etária até 35 anos.

  2. Políticas e poéticas feministas : imagens em movimento sob a ótica de mulheres latino-americanas

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Célia Orlato Selem

    2013-01-01

    Resumo: A presente pesquisa busca identificar poéticas feministas no cinema de mulheres latino-americanas neste século XXI. Nesse intuito, foram selecionados os seguintes filmes: La teta asustada, de Claudia Llosa (Peru - 2009); Que tan lejos, de Tania Hermida (Equador - 2006); Rompecabezas, Natalia Smirnoff (Argentina, 2009); Entre nós, de Paola Mendoza e Gloria La Morte (Colômbia, 2009); Sonhos Roubados, de Sandra Werneck (Brasil, 2009); En la puta vida, de Beatriz Flores Silva (Uruguai, 20...

  3. Cloning and characterization of the adipokinetic hormone receptor from the cockroach Periplaneta americana

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Karina K; Hauser, Frank; Cazzamali, Giuseppe

    2006-01-01

    Cockroaches have long been used as insect models to investigate the actions of biologically active neuropeptides. Here, we describe the cloning and functional expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells of an adipokinetic hormone (AKH) G protein-coupled receptor from the cockroach Periplaneta...... americana. This receptor is only activated by various insect AKHs (we tested eight) and not by a library of 29 other insect or invertebrate neuropeptides and nine biogenic amines. Periplaneta has two intrinsic AKHs, Pea-AKH-1, and Pea-AKH-2. The Periplaneta AKH receptor is activated by low concentrations...... of both Pea-AKH-1 (EC50, 5 x 10(-9)M), and Pea-AKH-2 (EC50, 2 x 10(-9)M). Insects can be subdivided into two evolutionary lineages, holometabola (insects with a complete metamorphosis during development) and hemimetabola (incomplete metamorphosis). This paper describes the first AKH receptor from...

  4. Estados Unidos: do Iraque ao Brasil

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    Virgílio Caixeta Arraes

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo busca analisar os recentes temas recorrentes na política externa norte-americana, caracterizada pela “guerra contra o terror”, e seus impactos para a agenda a ser discutida na vindoura visita do presidente dos Estados Unidos, Geoge W. Bush, ao Brasil.

  5. Preliminar toxicological assesement of Ruta graveolens, Origanum vulgare and Persea americana on the preimplantational mouse embryos

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    V. Benavides

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available The growing interest in natural medicine makes it necessary to study plant properties as well as their possible secondary effects. In recent years the toxic effects of many medicinal plants on the preimplantational mouse embryo development have been studied. Many of them produce malformations and alterations in the embryonic development. Ruta graveolens "ruda", Origanum vulgare "oregano" and Persea americana "palta" are used in rural areas to menstrual colic and to provoke abortion (estrella, 1995. This study is aimed at assessing "in vivd'the effect of extracts of "oregano", "ruda" and "palta" to 20% on the morphology and growth of preimplantational mouse embryos.

  6. Potencial alelopático de plantas de acapu (Vouacapoua americana: efeitos sobre plantas daninhas de pastagens Allelopathic potential of "acapu" (Vouacapoua americana plants: effects on pasture weed

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.P.S. Souza Filho

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Extratos aquosos de folhas e cascas de plantas de acapu (Vouacapoua americana foram preparados nas concentrações de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 5% (v/v, visando identificar e caracterizar a atividade potencialmente alelopática dessa espécie. Analisaram-se os efeitos dos extratos sobre a germinação de sementes e o alongamento da raiz primária das plantas daninhas malícia (Mimosa pudica e malva (Urena lobata. Os bioensaios de germinação foram desenvolvidos em condições de 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Para os bioensaios de alongamento da raiz primária, as condições estabelecidas foram de 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram variações de respostas em função da fonte do extrato aquoso, do parâmetro analisado e da concentração do extrato. As reduções observadas tanto na germinação como no alongamento da raiz primária foram crescentes com o aumento da concentração do extrato, sendo os efeitos mais intensos observados na concentração de 5%. Independentemente da espécie receptora e do parâmetro analisado, o extrato preparado a partir das cascas do acapu evidenciou maior atividade alelopática inibitória. O alongamento da raiz primária foi o parâmetro mais sensível aos efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos do que a germinação das sementes. Comparativamente, cascas e folhas apresentaram diferenças em relação às classes de substâncias químicas. Nas cascas foram encontradas cumarinas que não estavam presentes nas folhas, as quais, por sua vez, apresentaram esteróides e triterpenóides, que não foram identificados nas cascas do acapu.Aqueous extracts from leaves and bark of "Acapu" plants were prepared in concentration levels of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5% to identify and characterize potential allelopathic activity of such plants. The extract effects on seed germination and primary root elongation of pasture weeds, such as Mimosa pudica and Urena lobata, were analyzed. The germination bioassays were

  7. A mídia e o jazz no Brasil: investigação em torno da recepção crítica dos festivais de jazz na imprensa paulistana

    OpenAIRE

    Amaral, Luiza Spínola

    2011-01-01

    O objetivo desta pesquisa é levantar o registro histórico da memória da música popular no Brasil, através de um acompanhamento da cobertura jornalística que os festivais de jazz recebem na mídia impressa paulistana. Trata-se também de enfocar as relações que se estabelecem entre a crítica e a indústria cultural, mostrando como nossa memória musical é inflexionada por certa visão sociológica a partir da qual se enxerga o jazz como mais um produto da indústria cultural norte-americana, e como a...

  8. Erotismo e o mundo pop: o stimmung e a nudez de Marge Simpson na revista playboy = Eroticism and the pop world: the stimmung and Marge Simpson’s nudity in playboy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodenbusch, Rodrigo Severo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available O imaginário masculino ganhou novos contornos e dimensões com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia e o cruzamento de mídias. Em 2009, a convergência de duas realidades marcou uma das publicações mais iconográfcas do mercado erótico adulto: a nudez da personagem de desenho animado Marge Simpson na Playboy americana. Assim, este artigo busca refetir, a partir da experiência estética da matriarca do clã de Os Simpsons, o conceito de stimmung. Buscarei perspectivar este evento a partir dos estudos de Gumbrecht (2006 e 2014, Preciado (2010 e Silveira (2014

  9. Putin e o escudo nuclear norte-americano: uma nova Guerra Fria?

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    João Fábio Bertonha

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available A decisão norte-americana de instalar na República Tcheca e na Polônia mísseis anti-balísticos repercutiu enormemente na Rússia. Nesse sentido o presente artigo analisa, sob a ótica da segurança internacional, essa atitude do governo Bush e as suas repercusões e conseqüências internacionais.

  10. Competitividad de la oferta exportable de la palta Hass (Persea americana) en el mercado de Estados Unidos

    OpenAIRE

    Balvín Calderón, Eduardo Simeón

    2016-01-01

    Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agronegocios La presente investigación denominada “Competitividad de la oferta exportable de la palta Hass (Persea americana) en el Mercado de Estados Unidos”, se realizó en el departamento de Lima e Ica, durante el periodo del 2004 al 2014. El propósito de la investigación fue realizar el análisis la oferta exportable, además se analizó las características del mercado de Estados Unidos de América y el nivel de compet...

  11. Impactos na produção de políticas "desacopladas" na agricultura norte-americana: o papel do risco

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    Alexandre Bragança Coelho

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, esforços têm sido feitos no sentido de modificar as políticas de apoio à agricultura para minimizar os efeitos distorcivos sobre a produção e o comércio internacional. Ênfase tem sido dada às políticas desacopladas de preços e/ou produção, sobretudo às transferências diretas de renda aos agricultores, consideradas neutras em relação às decisões de produção corrente. O argumento é de que estas políticas têm efeitos mínimos na produção atual, pois não influenciam os retornos marginais da cultura, já que seus pagamentos independem da produção corrente. Este estudo mostra que, ao contrário, as decisões de produção correntes são afetadas pelas políticas de transferência de renda, especialmente através dos efeitos diretos sobre a percepção de risco dos agricultores. Estes efeitos, divididos em efeito-renda e efeito-segurança, estimulam o aumento da área plantada e assim, têm efeitos sobre a produção e os preços.In the last few years, efforts have been made to modify agricultural support policies in order to minimize the distortive impacts on product level and on international trade. Emphasis has been given to decoupled payments, considered neutral to current production decisions. The main argument is that such payments do not influence the crop marginal returns because they are not based on current production. This article shows, however, that current production decisions are influenced by decoupled payments through direct impacts on risk perception by farmers. These effects, classified as income effect and insurance effect, stimulate the increase in planted area and, therefore, have impacts on production and price levels.

  12. American foundations and the age of global philanthropy: how Brazil fares in the grant$ race = Fundações americanas e a era da filantropia global: como o Brasil está longe na corrida por fomento = Fundaciones americanas y la era de filantropía mundial: cómo va Brasil en la carrera de los subvenciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jasinski, Lisa

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo examina fundações privadas dos Estados Unidos que fazem doações às organizações não governamentais – ONGs e instituições educacionais no Brasil, durante e após a recessão global (2006-2012. Usando dados americanos, os autores identificam as fundações privadas americanas que destinam mais dinheiro para o Brasil, nomeiam as razões das instituições que recebem o maior apoio internacional e identificam como as fundações brasileiras têm sido impactadas pela crise financeira mundial. O artigo apresenta seções que descrevem a história do financiamento da educação, a literatura de pesquisas sobre filantropia global, a metodologia, os resultados e recomendações para estudiosos brasileiros da forma mais eficaz de concretizar subvenções

  13. Levantamento de plantas aquáticas no reservatório de Salto Grande, Americana-SP Aquatic plant survey in Salto Grande reservoir in Americana-SP, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D. Martins

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência relativa e o nível de infestação de cada espécie da flora aquática presente no reservatório de Salto Grande, Americana-SP. O levantamento e a identificação das plantas aquáticas foram realizados percorrendo-se as margens do reservatório em uma embarcação. Ao longo dele foram estabelecidos 20 pontos de avaliação, sendo todos eles fotografados e georreferenciados. Foram atribuídos valores de 0 a 100% tanto para as espécies presentes como para os espaços livres de macrófitas aquáticas que eventualmente pudessem ocorrer dentro dos pontos amostrados. Com os dados referentes ao número de indivíduos e pontos avaliados, foi determinada a frequência relativa de cada espécie. Foram identificadas 13 espécies em todo o reservatório, sendo 12 vasculares e uma de alga-verde (Chlorella spp.. Entre as espécies vasculares, nove eram plantas emersas flutuantes, as quais poderiam estar ou não ancoradas no leito do reservatório: Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brachiaria subquadripara, Cyperus difformis, Echinochloa polystachia var. spectabilis, Eichhornia crassipes, Panicum rivulare, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia auriculata e Typha angustifolia. Outras três espécies foram encontradas somente em solo firme alagado: Aeschynomene sensitiva, Hedychium coronarium e Mimosa pigra.The objectives of this work were to determine the relative frequency and infestation level of each species present in the Salto Grande Reservoir in Americana-SP. The survey and identification of the aquatic plants were carried out in the Salto Grande reservoir on a boat. Twenty evaluation sites were established along the reservoir, photographed and geo-referenced. Values from 0 to 100% were assigned for both the species present and for the aquatic plants that could possibly occur within the sampled sites. Based on the number of individuals and points evaluated, the relative frequency of each species was determined

  14. Últimos avances médicos presentados ante la 93ª sesión anual de la Asociación Médica Americana en Atlantic city, Estados Unidos, junio 8 a junio 12 de 1942. Contribuciones latino-americanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benjamín Mera

    1942-08-01

    Full Text Available Una sinopsis de los hechos más notables presentados a la Asociación Médica Americana como fruto del trabajo de investigadores de diversas partes del Hemisferio Occidental, reviste la mayor importancia para la información de los profesionales colombianos. Datos generales, y en lo posible lo más concisos, se dan en este resumen sobre trabajos personalmente seleccionados de Medicina General, Patología, Fisiología, Medicina Tropical e Higiene Pública, los cuales fueron presentados o exhibidos ante los 8.103 médicos que asistieron a la Convención médica más importante de los tiempos actuales.

  15. Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO{sub 2} or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tang, Shirong, E-mail: tangshir@hotmail.com [Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191 (China); Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin (China); Liao, Shangqiang; Guo, Junkang; Song, Zhengguo; Wang, Ruigang [Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191 (China); Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin (China); Zhou, Xiaomin [Plant Science Department, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9 (Canada)

    2011-12-30

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly promoted growth of P. americana, and A. cruentus. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Total tissue Cs in plants was significantly increased. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The two plants had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Combined effects of elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation can be explored for CO{sub 2}- and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology. - Abstract: Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO{sub 2} (860 {mu}L L{sup -1}) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0-1000 mg kg{sup -1}). Elevated CO{sub 2} and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO{sub 2} than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO{sub 2} concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO{sub 2} and microbial inoculation with

  16. Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar na Comunidade São João, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil Epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis in São João, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

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    Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil, o grau de exposição dos indivíduos à leishmaniose está relacionado aos processos de ocupação desordenada. Para avaliar fatores predisponentes à gênese do surto, confirmar o diagnóstico parasitológico, tratar os doentes, avaliar agentes etiológicos, reservatórios e transmissores, realizou-se um estudo em Manaus, numa comunidade localizada no Km 4 da BR-174, durante 12 meses. Atendeu-se 451 indivíduos, dos quais foram diagnosticados 17 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Seis pacientes eram mulheres e 11 homens. A idade variou de um a 64 anos. Onze pacientes tinham entre uma e três lesões. Em relação aos reservatórios, três marsupiais foram capturados. Não foram encontrados hemoflagelados nos exames realizados. Dentre os insetos capturados, Lutzomyia umbratilis foi a espécie predominante. Grande parte dos pacientes de leishmaniose tegumentar americana tem atividades que os expõem aos vetores da Leishmania. Um grupo de pacientes foi infectado possivelmente no intra/peridomicílio. O perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana nessa comunidade é semelhante àquele observado em outros focos na região. Com essa casuística, a leishmaniose tegumentar americana é caracterizada como endêmica e como um problema de saúde pública local.In Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, the degree of individual exposure to leishmaniasis is related to disorganized land occupation. In order to evaluate predisposing factors for an outbreak, confirm the parasitological diagnosis, treat patients, and assess etiological agents, reservoirs, and vectors, a 12-month study was conducted in Manaus in a community located along the BR-174 federal highway. Some 451 individuals were studied, among whom 17 cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL were diagnosed (six women and 11 men. Age varied from one to 64 years. Eleven patients had from one to three lesions. As for reservoirs, three opossums were

  17. Reunión y escritura femeninas en los contextos de las independencias americanas

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    Patricia Martínez i Álvarez

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available En los ámbitos de las relaciones de género y la representación de la diferencia sexual femenina, las mujeres –en el contexto de los procesos de emancipación y de construcción de los nuevos Estados en América Latina en el siglo XIX– llevaron a cabo proyectos propios de significación, al margen de los proyectos políticos que había en el escenario. El objetivo de la investigación que sustenta el artículo, es dar lectura, a la luz de los sentidos que las mujeres les dieron, a textos y contextos de aquel momento. Se recurre a fragmentos de dos de las obras literarias más importantes de finales del siglo XIX, para afirmar una historia de las mujeres que invita al final de la colonialidad americana.

  18. Reunión y escritura femeninas en los contextos de las independencias americanas

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    Patricia Martínez i Álvarez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En los ámbitos de las relaciones de género y la representación de la diferencia sexual femenina, las mujeres en el contexto de los procesos de emancipación y de construcción de los nuevos Estados en América Latina en el siglo XIX llevaron a cabo proyectos propios de significación, al margen de los proyectos políticos que había en el escenario. El objetivo de la investigación que sustenta el artículo, es dar lectura, a la luz de los sentidos que las mujeres les dieron, a textos y contextos de aquel momento. Se recurre a fragmentos de dos de las obras literarias más importantes de finales del siglo XIX, para afirmar una historia de las mujeres que invita al final de la colonialidad americana.

  19. Distribuição geográfica e características epidemiológicas da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em áreas de colonização antiga do Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil Geographic distribution and epidemiological features of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in old rural settlements in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Analisa-se a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em municípios das mesorregiões norte central, centro ocidental e noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. O diagnóstico dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana foi realizado na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, de 1987 a 2004. Conforme o provável local de infecção, os casos foram divididos em autóctones (infectaram-se no domínio doméstico ou alóctones (infectaram-se fora do domínio doméstico. Observou-se que em todos os anos do período houve atendimento de casos provenientes das mesorregiões supracitadas. Os municípios com maior número de casos notificados foram Maringá (458, Doutor Camargo (126, São Jorge do Ivaí (121, Terra Boa (114, Cianorte (98 e Colorado (95. De 1.938 casos, 66,9% eram do sexo masculino. Entre 667 casos autóctones, o número de mulheres afetadas pela doença foi semelhante ao de homens, com casos em menores de cinco anos de idade, fatos que não ocorreram entre os 794 casos alóctones. As condições necessárias à produção da leishmaniose tegumentar americana foram criadas no processo de construção do espaço rural das mesorregiões em pauta, particularmente no modelo de colonização e na crise da monocultura cafeeira.This study analyzes the epidemiology of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of the Central North, Central West, and Northwest mesoregions of Paraná State, Brazil. Diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis cases was performed at the State University in Maringá from 1987 to 2004. According to the probable site of infection, cases were classified as autochthonous (infection inside the household domain or allochthonous (outside the household domain. Municipalities with the most cases were Maringá (458, Doutor Camargo (126, São Jorge do Ivaí (121, Terra Boa (114, Cianorte (98, and Colorado (95. Of the total of 1,938 cases, 66.9% were male. Among the 667 autochthonous cases, similar

  20. Integrating gene flow, crop biology, and farm management in on-farm conservation of avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Birnbaum, Kenneth; Desalle, Rob; Peters, Charles M; Benfey, Philip N

    2003-11-01

    Maintaining crop diversity on farms where cultivars can evolve is a conservation goal, but few tools are available to assess the long-term maintenance of genetic diversity on farms. One important issue for on-farm conservation is gene flow from crops with a narrow genetic base into related populations that are genetically diverse. In a case study of avocado (Persea americana var. americana) in one of its centers of diversity (San Jerónimo, Costa Rica), we used 10 DNA microsatellite markers in a parentage analysis to estimate gene flow from commercialized varieties into a traditional crop population. Five commercialized genotypes comprised nearly 40% of orchard trees, but they contributed only about 14.5% of the gametes to the youngest cohort of trees. Although commercialized varieties and the diverse population were often planted on the same farm, planting patterns appeared to keep the two types of trees separated on small scales, possibly explaining the limited gene flow. In a simulation that combined gene flow estimates, crop biology, and graft tree management, loss of allelic diversity was less than 10% over 150 yr, and selection was effective in retaining desirable alleles in the diverse subpopulation. Simulations also showed that, in addition to gene flow, managing the genetic makeup and life history traits of the invasive commercialized varieties could have a significant impact on genetic diversity in the target population. The results support the feasibility of on-farm crop conservation, but simulations also showed that higher levels of gene flow could lead to severe losses of genetic diversity even if farmers continue to plant diverse varieties.

  1. Cinza vegetal na germinação e no desenvolvimento da alface

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    Marcelo Alves Terra

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da cinza vegetal na germinação e no desenvolvimento da alface da variedade Lucy Brown, tipo americana. O tipo escolhido foi semeado em bandejas de isopor com cento e vinte oito células. As bandejas continham os seguintes substratos: cinza vegetal, esterco bovino, casca arroz crua, casca de arroz carbonizada, serragem, misturados com solo na proporção de 1:1, além de substrato comercial, solo com adubação de NPK e solo sem adubação. Após o início da germinação, as plântulas foram contadas de três em três dias. Mudas de alface da mesma variedade com três folhas verdadeiras foram transplantadas para caixas de leite com os mesmos substratos. Trinta e três dias após o transplante, a alface foi colhida, as folhas foram contadas, a biomassa verde e a biomassa seca foram determinadas e os caules e as raízes foram contados. O substrato que proporcionou a maior germinação foi a mistura de solo com esterco. Depois, vieram o substrato comercial, o solo com casca de arroz carbonizada, o solo puro, o solo com casca de arroz crua, o solo com NPK, o solo com serragem e o solo com cinza vegetal. Neste último, germinaram apenas de 7,83% das sementes. No momento da colheita, verificou-se, para todos os parâmetros avaliados, com exceção do peso seco da raiz, que o substrato que proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento foi o solo com esterco bovino, que se diferenciou estatisticamente dos demais substratos avaliados. A cinza vegetal influenciou negativamente tanto na germinação quanto no desenvolvimento das plantas de alface.

  2. Etnografias do brau: corpo, masculinidade e raça na reafricanização em Salvador

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    Osmundo de Araújo Pinho

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2005000100009 Neste artigo, o autor pretende explorar desenvolvimentos do processo conhecido como reafricanização da cultura e da política em Salvador corporificados na cristalização transitória de determinada figura social conhecida como o brau. Essa seria uma inflexão de masculinidade informada pelas tensões raciais e de gênero em Salvador, assim como uma reapropriação localizada de temas culturais da diáspora africana. Braus foram (são jovens negros da periferia que re-inventam uma visualidade/corporalidade negra a partir de releituras da ‘cultura’ soul norte-americana e ao mesmo tempo são estigmatizados pela classe média como violentos, de “mau-gosto” e hiper-sexualizados, ou seja, excessivamente ‘negros’ e excessivamente ‘masculinos’, em uma hiperbolização que em certo sentido contradiz com sua estigmatização.

  3. Colonialidade discursiva na América Latina: o dito e o interdito na Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha

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    Silva, Maurício

    2015-01-01

    O presente artigo analisa a Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, inserindo-a no contexto da história brasileira e latino-americana, a partir do conceito de colonialidade. Utilizam-se, nas análises do texto de Caminha alguns princípios da Análise do Discurso (Maingueneau, Pêcheux), bem como o conceito de colonialidade (Mignolo, Quijano).

  4. Efecto antiinflamatorio de la Ephedra americana HYB sobre la encía de cobayos en procedimiento quirúrgico

    OpenAIRE

    Arriola Guillén, Luis; Sacsaquispe-Contreras, Sonia

    2014-01-01

    Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antiinflamatorio de la Ephedra americana HyB en cirugía gingival en cobayos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio experimental en 32 cobayos: 16 cobayos a los que se les aplicó el extracto etanólico de la planta (grupo experimental) y 16 el grupo control. Se les realizó incisión tipo media luna en la encía inferior, con desprendimient o del colgajo y se suturó; luego se obtuvieron biopsias excisionales a las 48 horas y a los 7 días para evaluación histopatológica del proc...

  5. Bupivacaína racêmica, levobupivacaína e ropivacaína em anestesia loco-regional para oftalmologia: um estudo comparativo Racemic bupivacaine, levobupi vacaine and ropivacaine in regional anesthesia for ophtalmology: a comparative study

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    Edno Magalhães

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A bupivacaína racêmica, utilizada largamente em anestesia peribulbar devido à boa qualidade de bloqueio motor, apresenta menor margem de segurança para cardiotoxicidade em relação a ropivacaína e bupivacaína levógira. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o grau de bloqueio motor e alteração da pressão intra-ocular (PIO em anestesia peribulbar produzida pela bupivacaína racêmica, levobupivacaína e ropivacaína. MÉTODOS: Noventa e sete pacientes, estado físico I e II da classificação da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas, submetidos a anestesia peribulbar, foram divididos em três grupos: grupo A-(n=16 bupivacaína racêmica 0,75% com adrenalina 1:200.000; grupo B -(n=16 bupivacaína levógira 0,75% com adrenalina 1:200.000; grupo C -(n=15 ropivacaína 0,75%. Utilizou-se 7ml da solução anestésica com 280 UI de hialuronidase, em punção única no rebordo orbital inferior. Foram registrados a PIO e grau de bloqueio motor 5 minutos antes da punção e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 10 minutos após a punção. O bloqueio motor foi avaliado pela escala de Nicoll. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de Wilcoxon, análise de freqüência simples e t de Student. Foi considerado significativo pBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Racemic bupivacaine, used in peribulbar anesthesia owing to its high potential to promote motor blockade, presents a smaller safety margin for cardiotoxicity in relation to ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. The objective of this study was to compare the degree of motor blockade and alteration of intraocular pressure (IOP produced by racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in peribulbar block. METHOD: Ninety seven patients, ASA physical status I and II, submitted to peribulbar anesthesia, were randomly allocated into three groups: group A-(n=16 receiving racemic bupivacaine 0.75% with epinephrine 1:200.000; group B -(n=16 levobupivacaine 0.75% with epinephrine 1:200.000; group C -(n=15

  6. Evaluación del proceso de extracción de aceite de aguacate hass (Persea americana Mill) utilizando tratamiento enzimático

    OpenAIRE

    Buelvas Salgado, Gustavo Andrés; Patiño Gómez, J. H.; Cano Salazar, J. A.

    2012-01-01

    Introduction. Avocado oil is rich in vitamins A, B, C and E, and is mainly composed by monounsaturated fat acids, which effectively reduce cholesterol levels in blood, thus helping to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Objective. Evaluating the performance of Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) oil extraction in E3-M (mature) from the East of Antioquia, by the use of commercial enzymatic complexes. Materials and methods. To develop this research work, a physical-chem...

  7. Dietas artificiais para a criação de larvas e adultos da mosca-das-frutas sul-americana

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    Adrise Medeiros Nunes

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi adequar as dietas artificiais para o desenvolvimento dos estágios de larva e adulto da mosca-das-frutas sul-americana (Anastrepha fraterculus. Para o estágio larval, foram testadas as seguintes dietas: D1, original, com 10 g de ágar; D2, modificada, com 3,6 g de ágar; e, D3, modificada, com bagaço seco de cana-de-açúcar. Para os adultos, foram testadas quatro dietas: A, levedura de cerveja + mel (2:1; B, açúcar refinado + extrato de levedura + gérmen de trigo cru (3:1:1; C, extrato de soja + açúcar mascavo + gérmen de trigo cru (3:1:1; e D, levedura seca de cervejaria + mel (2:1. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros biológicos de duração do período ovo-pupa, duração e viabilidade do estágio de pupa, massa média de pupas, razão sexual e duração e viabilidade do período ovo-adulto. O desenvolvimento larval em D1 e D2 foi semelhante e indicou que a criação de larvas pode ser realizada com 1/3 da quantidade de ágar da utilizada em D1. A utilização do bagaço seco de cana-de-açúcar, na dieta artificial, afetou negativamente o desenvolvimento larval. As dietas artificiais com levedura de cerveja + mel e com açúcar refinado + extrato de levedura + gérmen de trigo cru são as mais adequadas para a criação de adultos.

  8. Fluxo de informação na perspectiva do ambiente em rede / Information flow in the network environment

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    Cibele Roberta Sugahara

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available No campo da Ciência da Informação estudar o fluxo de informação na perspectiva do espaço social em rede requer um olhar atento para a circulação da informação considerando as práticas para troca de informação entre contatos diretos e intermediários. Esse estudo discute a troca de informação no ambiente da rede Arranjo Produtivo Local Têxtil (APL Americana/SP. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS visando identificar o papel que cada elo desempenha junto à estrutura social da rede. Os resultados indicam que o fluxo da informação na rede APL Têxtil apresenta maior intensidade principalmente por elos com pequeno número de interações. Isso permite o alcance da informação às extremidades da rede e troca de informação com alto grau de novidade. O ambiente em rede propicia interação entre seus integrantes, podendo ocorrer de acordo com interesses específicos, que são reconhecidos ou postos em questão por seus pares.

  9. Effect of an admixture from Agave americana on the physical and mechanical properties of plaster

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    Ochoa, J. C.

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Physical and mechanical properties of a plaster paste added with an organic admixture, of the leaves of Agave americana, were studied. Plastic consistency behavior was evaluated and the water/gypsum(w/g ratio was determined for each dosage of the admixture. Admixtur eeffect on setting was evaluated too. The chemical transformation of the hemihydrated form to gypsum (dihydrated form was studied using a novel technique based on a moisture analyzer by halogen light. Flexural and compressive strengths were measured. The results show that ,for the same consistency, accordingly mechanical strengths were improved too. The setting times were increased which would enhance the application time of plaster and would reduce plastic shrinkage, common problems in this type of material. The changes in these physical properties not substantially affect the final mechanical strengths.

    Se estudiaron algunas propiedades físicas y mecánicas de pastas de yeso de construcción adicionadas con un aditivo de origen orgánico, producto de las hojas de la planta Agave americana. Se evaluó el comportamiento plástico de la pasta mediante ensayos de consistencia y se determinó, para cada dosificación, su relación agua/ yeso (a/y. Se evaluó la incidencia del aditivo en los tiempos de fraguado. La transformación química del hemihidrato a yeso dihidrato se estudió mediante una novedosa técnica basada en un analizador de humedad por luz halógena. Se midieron las resistencias mecánicas a flexo-tracción y a compresión. Los resultados del estudio muestran que, para una misma consistencia, se mejoran las resistencias mecánicas. Los tiempos de fraguado de la pasta se aumentaron lo que ayudaría mejorar los tiempos de aplicación del yeso y a disminuir las retracciones plásticas. Las modificaciones de estas propiedades físicas no afectan considerablemente las resistencias mecánicas finales.

  10. Cinética de secagem e difusividade efetiva em folhas de jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

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    L.A. SILVA

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO O jenipapo (Genipa americana L. é uma espécie nativa com importância medicinal, sendo amplamente utilizada no Brasil. Em função da necessidade de conhecimento à cerca do pré-processamento desta espécie, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética de secagem de folhas de jenipapo (G. americana L., bem como determinar a difusividade efetiva da água durante o processo. As folhas foram coletadas com teor de água inicial de 2,30±0,05 (decimal b.s., e submetidas à secagem em três condições de temperatura do ar (35,3; 46,0 e 65,0°C até atingirem o teor de água de equilíbrio. Aos dados experimentais, ajustaram-se doze modelos matemáticos, recomendados para representar o processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas. As magnitudes do coeficiente de determinação (R2, do erro médio relativo (P, do erro médio estimado (SE e do teste do qui-quadrado (χ2, foram utilizadas para verificar o grau de ajuste dos modelos. Os modelos de Henderson e Pabis modificado e Midilli apresentaram ajustes adequados aos dados experimentais, sendo o modelo de Midilli, em função de sua simplicidade, escolhido para representar a cinética de secagem das folhas de jenipapo. Aumentando a temperatura do ar de secagem de 35,3 para 46,0 e 65,0ºC houve redução no tempo de secagem das folhas de jenipapo de 91,1 para 62,5 e 24,2 horas, respectivamente. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, e esta relação é descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, que apresenta energia de ativação para a difusão líquida de 33,9 kJ mol-1.

  11. In vitro evaluation of genotoxicity of avocado (Persea americana) fruit and leaf extracts in human peripheral lymphocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kulkarni, Paresh; Paul, Rajkumar; Ganesh, N

    2010-07-01

    Persea americana is much sought after both for the nutritional value of its fruit and the medicinal values of its various plant parts. A chromosomal aberration assay was undertaken to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of crude extracts from avocado fruits and leaves. Chromosomal aberrations were observed in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to separately increasing concentrations of 50% methanolic extracts of Persea americana fruit and leaves. The groups exposed to leaf and fruit extracts, respectively, showed a concentration-dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations as compared to that in a control group. The mean percentage total aberrant metaphases at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg concentrations of leaf extract were found respectively to be 58 ± 7.05, 72 ± 6.41, and 78 ± 5.98, which were significantly higher (p < 0.0001 each) than that in the control group (6 ± 3.39). The mean percentage total aberrant metaphases at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg concentrations of fruit extract were found to be 18 ± 5.49, 40 ± 10.00, and 52 ± 10.20, respectively, which were significantly higher (p = 0.033, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) than that for control (6 ± 3.39). Acrocentric associations and premature centromeric separation were the two most common abnormalities observed in both the exposed groups. The group exposed to leaf extracts also showed a significant number of a variety of other structural aberrations, including breaks, fragments, dicentrics, terminal deletion, minutes, and Robertsonian translocations. The group exposed to leaf extract showed higher frequency of all types of aberrations at equal concentrations as compared to the group exposed to fruit extract.

  12. A saúde na escola: um breve resgate histórico Health at school: a brief history

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    Túlio Alberto Martins de Figueiredo

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Discute o nascimento histórico da saúde escolar no mundo e no Brasil. Apresenta a Iniciativa Regional Escolas Promotoras de Saúde - um discurso de múltiplos olhares e trabalho articulado entre a educação, saúde e sociedade -, como modelo alternativo de atenção à saúde na escola recomendado, pela Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, para os países do Caribe e da América Latina. Considera que o olhar atento aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais é condição fundamental para que os profissionais de saúde sensíveis à questão da educação em saúde na escola contribuam para que a mesma compareça na educação fundamental com um enfoque crítico, interdisciplinar e transversal e, finalmente, apresenta as diretrizes da nova política nacional de saúde na escola pública.It involves the historical birth of school health in the world and Brazil. It shows a regional initiative of Health Promoting Schools - a discourse of multiple viewings and joint work among education, health and society -, as an alternative model of attention to school health, recommended by Pan American Health Organization, to the Caribbean and Latin American Countries. Finally, it takes into account that a detailed observation of the National Curriculum Parameters is an essential condition so that health professionals, who are sensitive to the school health education issue, can contribute to its inclusion in the fundamental education with a critical, interdisciplinary and transversal approach, presenting the guidelines of a new national health polices at public schools.

  13. Avanços na abordagem do carcinoma precoce de esôfago

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    Vitor Arantes

    Full Text Available Nos países ocidentais, o carcinoma de células escamosas de esôfago (CCE geralmente é detectado em estágio avançado, quando as possibilidades de cura são remotas e o prognóstico reservado. Entretanto, nos anos recentes, ocorreu uma série de avanços na abordagem do CCE de esôfago, tais como a identificação dos grupos de risco para o surgimento desta neoplasia; o uso da endoscopia de alta resolução e cromoendoscopia com lugol favorecendo o diagnóstico do CCE em estágios iniciais; e o desenvolvimento de técnicas endoscópicas de ressecção tumoral endoluminal em monobloco denominada dissecção endoscópica de submucosa. Este progresso tem possibilitado a aplicação do tratamento endoscópico minimamente invasivo com potencial curativo em pacientes selecionados com CCE superficial de esôfago. O presente artigo de revisão, elaborado por um grupo multicêntrico internacional, tem como objetivo primário contribuir para o entendimento dos principais avanços recentes ocorridos no manejo do CCE precoce de esôfago. Como objetivo secundário, pretende propiciar uma revisão detalhada e minuciosa da estratégia técnica de DES desenvolvida pelos experts japoneses, de forma a colaborar para a difusão deste conceito e a incorporação destas tecnologias na Medicina Brasileira e Latino-americana.

  14. Aspectos psicossociais da imigração familiar na grande Porto Alegre Psychosocial aspects of familiar immigration at the Porto Alegre region (Brazil

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    Jorge Castellá Sarriera

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo apresentam-se alguns aspectos psicossociais presentes no processo migratório de seis famílias hispano-americanas na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Estes aspectos, relatados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os integrantes das famílias, indicam os principais tópicos que nortearam as entrevistas: suas trajetórias migracionais, decisão de imigrar, sua inserção na cultura local, suas relações comunitárias, identidade e expectativas de vida. São analisadas as formas como ocorrem as transições aculturativas no contexto local.On this article some psychosocial aspects included on the migratory process of six Hispanic families at the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (Brazil are presented. These aspects, obtained through semi-structured interviews with the members of the families that had indicated the principal topics that guided the interviews: their emigrational paths, their decision to immigrate, their insertion on the local culture, their community relations, identity and life expectations. The ways by which the acculturative transitions on the local context happen are analyzed.

  15. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) AND AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA) FRUITS IN ILLU ABABOR ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

    OpenAIRE

    Lalisa Wakjira Duresa1*, Daniel Manaye2

    2017-01-01

    Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Avocado (Persea americana) fruits are rich in bioactive molecules that protect human cells against the detrimental effect of free radicals. The phytochemical analysis revealed the Presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and flavonoids in both fruits. The free radical scavenging activity using total antioxidant capacity of the phosphomolybdenum method and hydrogen peroxide method were carried out on the water extracts of mango and avocado...

  16. EFECTO DE NaCl Y CaCl2 EN EL DESARROLLO DE EJES EMBRIONARIOS DE Persea americana Mill CRIOLLO y 'HASS' CULTIVADOS in vitro

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    Leobarda Guadalupe Ramírez-Guerrero

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar materiales de aguacate tolerantes a salinidad, útiles como portainjertos. Se sembraron in vitro ejes embrionarios de aguacate criollo y 'Hass' en medio Murashige y Skoog al 100 % de su composición nutrimental en condiciones salinas inducidas con NaCl y CaCl2. Se emplearon cinco niveles de cada sal (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 %, así como la combinación de éstas en proporción 1,1. Se estudió germinación, emergencia, enraizamiento y supervivencia de brotes de aguacate. El criollo superó al 'Hass' con el 21 % de germinación, 36 % de emergencia, con aproximadamente el 50 % en cada una de las variables de crecimiento y el 10 % de supervivencia de plántulas. El desarrollo de los ejes embrionarios fue más limitado en los tratamientos con NaCl en comparación a los establecidos en CaCl2 y NaCl,CaCl2. Con la técnica in vitro se determinó a los 65 días de cultivo que el material criollo fue más tolerante al estrés salino con respecto al 'Hass'.

  17. [The Unión Médica Hispano-Americana (1900) and its contribution to scientific internationalism].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olagüe de Ros, Guillermo

    2006-01-01

    The Unión Médica Hispano-Americana was founded during the XIII International Congress of Medicine of Paris in 1900. Its main aim was to strengthen the cultural and scientific ties among Spanish speaking countries. The first assembly took place in Madrid in the Spring of 1903. The most interesting paper presented was undoubtedly that of Manuel Tolosa Latour. He suggested creating a Diccionario Tecnológico Médico Hispano-Americano. The society had no continuity and neither did the dictionary. The reasons for this failure must be seen in the absence of economic support by political authorities in Spain and America, the organizational weakness of the Unión and the poverty of its action program, which was imbued with a triumphalist rhetoric, empty of content and highly paternalistic in its relations with the American world.

  18. Avocado (Persea americana) seed as a source of bioactive phytochemicals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dabas, Deepti; Shegog, Rachel M; Ziegler, Gregory R; Lambert, Joshua D

    2013-01-01

    The pulp of avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) has been reported to have beneficial cardiovascular health effects. Avocado oil is used for dermatological applications and its unsaponifiable portion is reported to have beneficial effects against osteoarthritis. Although the seed represents a considerable percentage of the total fruit, scientific research on the phytochemistry and biological effects of avocado seeds is in the nascent stages,. Currently, the seed represents an under-utilized resource and a waste issue for avocado processors. There is ethno-pharmacological information on the use of seeds for the treatment of health-related conditions, especially in South American countries where avocados are endemic and currently grown on a large scale. Current research has shown that avocado seeds may improve hypercholesterolemia, and be useful in the treatment of hypertension, inflammatory conditions and diabetes. Seeds have also been found to possess insecticidal, fungicidal, and anti-microbial activities. The avocado seeds and rich in phenolic compounds, and these may play a role in the putative health effects. Historically, extracts of avocado seeds were also used as ink for writing and research in our laboratory has explored the potential colorant properties of a polyphenol oxidase-produced colored avocado seed extract. Here, we review the currently-available data on the bioactivity and other functional properties of avocado seeds. We discuss the strength of the available data, the putative active compounds, and potential directions for future studies.

  19. Leishmaniose tegumentar americana: casuística hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro American tegumentary Leishmaniasis: hospitalized cases in Rio de Janeiro

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    Nurimar C. Fernandes

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: A leishmaniose tegumentar americana distribui-se amplamente no Brasil, e o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (capital e interior constitui área endêmica onde o vetor é encontrado dentro e ao redor das habitações. OBJETIVOS: Análise prospectiva de 48 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/UFRJ, no período de 1990 a 2002. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia de pele ou mucosa, teste de Montenegro e exame otorrinolaringológico; SbV (10 a 20mg/kg, no total de 10, 30 e 90 doses. foi empregado em 44 pacientes; em quatro casos, anfotericina B (0,5mg/kg/dose até dose cumulativa de 30mg/kg. RESULTADOS: 28 homens e 20 mulheres na faixa etária de 10 a 89 anos, dos quais 38 (79,1% infectados no Rio de Janeiro, apresentaram úlcera de membro inferior e comprometimento de mucosa nasal como manifestações mais freqüentes; 41 casos (85,4% foram reatores à intradermorreação de Montenegro (5mm; 17 casos (35,4% foram positivos para o achado de amastigotas em macrófagos no infiltrado inflamatório dérmico; predominou o processo inflamatório crônico granulomatoso; cura clínica foi observada em 47 casos; um caso evoluiu para óbito no décimo dia de tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo da leishmaniose tegumentar (HUCFF/UFRJ no período 1990/2002 evidenciou padrão conhecido nos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e de resposta terapêutica ao antimonial (SbV e anfotericina B.BACKGROUND: American tegumentary Leishmaniasis is widely found in Brazil; the state of Rio de Janeiro (capital and hinterland is an endemic area where the vector is found inside and outside houses. OBJECTIVES: prospective study of 48 cases attended at the Teaching Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho - UFRJ, between 1990 - 2002. METHODS: All patients were submitted to skin or mucosa biopsy, Montenegro skin test and otorhinolaryngologic examination; SbV (10 - 20 mg/kg with 10, 30 and 90 doses was

  20. Transcriptome analysis of Phytolacca americana L. in response to cadmium stress.

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    Yongkun Chen

    Full Text Available Phytolacca americana L. (pokeweed has metal phytoremediation potential, but little is known about its metal accumulation-related genes. In this study, the de novo sequencing of total RNA produced 53.15 million reads covering 10.63 gigabases of transcriptome raw data in cadmium (Cd-treated and untreated pokeweed. Of the 97,502 assembled unigenes, 42,197 had significant matches in a public database and were annotated accordingly. An expression level comparison between the samples revealed 1515 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 923 down- and 592 up-regulated under Cd treatment. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that they were involved in 72 metabolism pathways, with photosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, ribosome, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms containing 24, 18, 72, 14, 7 and 15 genes, respectively. Genes related to heavy metal tolerance, absorption, transport and accumulation were also identified, including 11 expansins, 8 nicotianamine synthases, 6 aquaporins, 4 ZRT/IRT-like proteins, 3 ABC transporters and 3 metallothioneins. The gene expression results of 12 randomly selected DEGs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR, and showed different response patterns to Cd in their roots, stems and leaves. These results may be helpful in increasing our understanding of heavy metal hyperaccumulators and in future phytoremediation applications.

  1. Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oboh, Ganiyu; Odubanjo, Veronica O; Bello, Fatai; Ademosun, Ayokunle O; Oyeleye, Sunday I; Nwanna, Emem E; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O

    2016-03-01

    Avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds are used in traditional medicine for the treatment/management of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, information on the mechanism of actions is limited. This study sought to investigate the effect of P. americana leaf and seed aqueous extracts on some enzymes linked with AD (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE] activities) and their antioxidant potentials in vitro. The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of Fe2+- and sodium nitroprusside-induced thiobarbiturate reactive species [TBARS] production in rat brain homogenates, radicals [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide] scavenging and iron [Fe] chelation abilities) were investigated. Phenolic content and phytochemical screening were carried out. Alkaloid profile was also determined using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID. The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

  2. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 70% METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AVOCADO LEAF (Persea americana Mill IN DECREASING BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN MALE RATS (Rattus norvegicus WISTAR STRAIN INDUCED ALLOXAN

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    Retno Sintowati

    2017-01-01

    Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan penelitian pretest – posttest with control group design. Hewan uji yang digunakan 25 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar, umur 2-3 bulan, dan berat badan 150-200 gram yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok I: kontrol negatif (aquades, kelompok II: kontrol positif (glibenklamid, kelompok III, IV, V : ekstrak metanol 70% daun alpukat dengan dosis berturut-turut adalah sebagbai berikut: 100 mg/ 200 grBB, 150 mg/ 200 grBB, 200 mg/ 200 grBB. Gula darah diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA, data penurunan kadar gula darah hari ke-7 pemberian ekstrak nilai probabilitas signifikan p = 0, 000 dengan demikian p < 0, 05 maka terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah yang bermakna. Berdasarkan uji LSD dari semua kelompok didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar gula darah yang signifikan antara2 kelompok. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak metanol 70% daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill dosis 200 mg/200; 100 mg/200 and 150 mg/ 200 gram/berat badan dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada mencit jantan galur wistar Kata Kunci : Ekstrak metanol 70%, Alpukat (Persea americana Mill, gula darah, diabetes mellitus.

  3. A new coccidian, Isospora rheae sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, from Rhea americana (Aves, Rheidae from South America

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    Samira S.M. Gallo

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A new species of coccidian (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae obtained from rheas, Rhea americana, is reported in Brazil. Oocysts of Isospora rheae sp. nov. are spherical to subspheroidal, measuring 22.6 × 21.0 µm, and have a double and smooth wall that is approximately 1.7 µm thick. The micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are slightly ovoid, measuring 13.9 × 9.6 µm. The Stieda body is flattened, the substieda body is pointed, irregular and wavy and the sporocyst residuum is composed of scattered granules of varying sizes. Sporozoites have an oblong refractile body and one nucleus. This is the first description of an isosporid coccidian infecting birds of the family Rheidae.

  4. Comparação de informações sobre saúde das populações brasileira e norte-americana baseada em dados da PNAD/98 e NHIS/96

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    Beltrão Kaizô Iwakami

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho comparam-se informações sobre o estado de saúde geral referido das populações brasileira e norte-americana, desagregado por grupo etário, sexo e raça/cor. São comparadas, também desagregadas da mesma forma, taxas de prevalência de morbidades selecionadas, a saber: artrite/reumatismo, diabetes, bronquite/asma, hipertensão e doenças do coração. Os dados concernentes à população brasileira são oriundos do suplemento saúde da PNAD/1998, e os relativos à norte-americana, da NHIS/1996. Em linhas gerais, com respeito ao estado de saúde referido, as mulheres se declaram em pior estado em ambos os países, e os brasileiros se declaram em pior situação. Com respeito à morbidade, não há comportamento comum, e padrões de diferença raça/cor e sexo, via de regra, não se reproduzem igualmente para os dois países.

  5. Propaganda, Resistência, Propaganda... Um Balanço dos Estudos sobre as Intervenções Urbanas em Atenas na época de Augusto (1927-2012) * Propaganda, Resistance, Propaganda... An assessment of the studies on the Urban Interventions in Augustan Athens...

    OpenAIRE

    MORALES, FÁBIO AUGUSTO

    2014-01-01

    Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é realizar um balanço dos estudos historiográficos e arqueológicos sobre as transformações do espaço urbano de Atenas durante o principado de Augusto (31 a.C. / 14 d.C.), escritos ao longo dos últimos 90 anos. Duas revoluções marcaram a trajetória do campo: a primeira, de ordem documental, foi gerada pelas escavações na ágora ateniense pela Escola Americana (a partir da década de 1930); a segunda, conceitual e metodológica, esteve vinculada à revisão crítica do...

  6. Bitter-tasting and kokumi-enhancing molecules in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Degenhardt, Andreas Georg; Hofmann, Thomas

    2010-12-22

    Sequential application of solvent extraction and RP-HPLC in combination with taste dilution analyses (TDA) and comparative TDA, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments, led to the discovery of 10 C(17)-C(21) oxylipins with 1,2,4-trihydroxy-, 1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-, and 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo motifs, respectively, besides 1-O-stearoyl-glycerol and 1-O-linoleoyl-glycerol as bitter-tasting compounds in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.). On the basis of quantitative data, dose-over-threshold (DoT) factors, and taste re-engineering experiments, these phytochemicals, among which 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-octadeca-12-ene was found with the highest taste impact, were confirmed to be the key contributors to the bitter off-taste developed upon thermal processing of avocado. For the first time, those C(17)-C(21) oxylipins exhibiting a 1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxy- and a 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo motif, respectively, were discovered to induce a mouthfulness (kokumi)-enhancing activity in sub-bitter threshold concentrations.

  7. AMAUTA REVISITADO: A INDO-AMÉRICA DE JOSÉ CARLOS MARIÁTEGUI (1895-1930

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    Fábio Nogueira de Oliveira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Em um período de recrudescimento das lutas dos povos indígenas na América Latina, que culminou com a eleição do líder aymará Evo Morales à presidência da Bolívia, o pensamento do intelectual peruano José Carlos Mariátegui (1895-1930 tornou-se uma referência obrigatória à compreensão dos processos históricos e políticos e das contradições que envolvem o desenvolvimento das sociedades latino- americanas. Nneste artigo, o objetivo é analisar as linhas gerais do pensamento mariateguiano em relação à sua interpretação do papel histórico dos povos originários, em geral, e do incaico, em particular, na arena política latino-americana.

  8. Evaluación del proceso de extracción de aceite de aguacate hass (Persea americana Mill) utilizando tratamiento enzimático

    OpenAIRE

    Buelvas Salgado, G. A; Patiño Gómez, J. H; Cano-Salazar, J. A

    2012-01-01

    Introducción. El aceite de aguacate es rico en vitaminas A, B, C y E, y está compuesto mayoritariamente por ácidos grasos monoinsaturados los cuales reducen de manera efectiva el nivel de colesterol en la sangre, ayudando en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Evaluar el rendimiento de extracción de aceite de aguacate Hass (Persea americana Mill) en estado E3-M (maduro) procedente del Oriente Antioqueño, empleando complejos enzimáticos comerciales. Materiales y métodos. ...

  9. De Paris a Buenos Aires: imprensa, ideias e intelectuais no Le Monde Diplomatique

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    Juliana Sayuri Ogassawara

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo pretende expor as relações entre os intelectuais e jornalistas imbricados nas edições latino-americanas e a edição francesa do periódico Le Monde Diplomatique. Fundado em maio de 1954, em Paris, por Hubert Beuve-Méry, Le Monde Diplomatique viu suas páginas e suas ideias se alastrarem mundo afora – em 2013, o magazine tinha 47 edições internacionais, considerado um fenômeno único na imprensa mundial. Ao longo de sua trajetória, Le Monde Diplomatique teve sua linha editorial marcada por diretrizes politizadas, declaradamente antiimperialistas e antineoliberais. A tese desenvolvida focou a versão publicada em Buenos Aires, considerada a principal edição latino-americana, fundada por iniciativa do argentino Carlos Gabetta, diretor de Le Monde Diplomatique Edición Cono Sur entre 1999 e 2011. Ancorado na história dos intelectuais e na história do tempo presente, este artigo aborda as relações entre intelectuais franceses e argentinos na consolidação de uma experiência singular da imprensa.

  10. A abordagem historiográfica dos séculos XIX e XX sobre a atuação de médicos e boticários jesuítas na América platina no século XVIII

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    Eliane Cristina Deckmann Fleck

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Analisam-se as posições de Pedro Arata, Moisés Santiago Bertoni, Carlos Leonhardt e Guillermo Furlong no debate sobre o papel da Companhia de Jesus na introdução e no desenvolvimento das ciências na América platina. Escritas entre 1890 e fins de 1950, as obras desses autores tanto analisam o conhecimento médico, farmacêutico e botânico dos missionários jesuítas nos séculos XVII e XVIII quanto avaliam a contribuição da Companhia para o pensamento científico nos países de colonização ibérica. Suas posições antecipam o debate historiográfico sobre o reacionarismo da ordem jesuíta e as reflexões sobre a contribuição dos saberes indígenas sobre a farmacopeia americana para o conhecimento que os missionários levaram aos continentes em que atuaram.

  11. Vers un Nouveau Continent: A divulgação da bibliografia corbusiana na América do Sul, 1929-1965

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    Mg. Arq. Piero Carapiá Lima Baptista

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Diversas investigações buscaram avaliar os impactos de Le Corbusier no meio profssional sul–americano. Muitas dessas centraram–se nas influencias de suas viagens a América do Sul (1929, 1936, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951 e 1962; na divulgação do ideário corbusiano por arquitetos latino–americanos que realizaram estágios profssionais com Le Corbusier e; nos projetos propostos pelo Mestre para o continente. Outro caminho, pouco explorado, objeto deste artigo, será: por um lado, a análise dos artigos publicados nas revistas especializadas sul–americanas pelo próprio Le Corbusier ou por profssionais locais e; por outro lado, analisando a lógica das publicações dos livros de Le Corbusier (em espanhol e português, na qual profssionais vinculados a ele tiveram papel decisivo. No primeiro caso identifcamos: a relação entre a publicação de artigos e o interesse dos profssionais sul– americanos em temas específcos; a preocupação por adotar e adaptar as ideias corbusianas a cada realidade; a atitude crítica por parte dos profssionais sul–americanos; o interesse por manter–se «atualizados» sobre a obra do Mestre e; o intenso contato entre os diretores das diversas revistas. No segundo caso é possível entender o contexto e a importância da tradução dos livros de Le Corbusier, influenciando na escolha dos livros traduzidos e publicados.

  12. EST sequencing and gene expression profiling of defence-related genes from Persea americana infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi

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    Mahomed Waheed

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Avocado (Persea americana belongs to the Lauraceae family and is an important commercial fruit crop in over 50 countries. The most serious pathogen affecting avocado production is Phytophthora cinnamomi which causes Phytophthora root rot (PRR. Root pathogens such as P. cinnamomi and their interactions with hosts are poorly understood and despite the importance of both the avocado crop and the effect Phytophthora has on its cultivation, there is a lack of molecular knowledge underpinning our understanding of defence strategies against the pathogen. In order to initiate a better understanding of host-specific defence we have generated EST data using 454 pyrosequencing and profiled nine defence-related genes from Pc-infected avocado roots. Results 2.0 Mb of data was generated consisting of ~10,000 reads on a single lane of the GS FLX platform. Using the Newbler assembler 371 contigs were assembled, of which 367 are novel for Persea americana. Genes were classified according to Gene Ontology terms. In addition to identifying root-specific ESTs we were also able to identify and quantify the expression of nine defence-related genes that were differentially regulated in response to P. cinnamomi. Genes such as metallothionein, thaumatin and the pathogenesis related PsemI, mlo and profilin were found to be differentially regulated. Conclusions This is the first study in elucidating the avocado root transcriptome as well as identifying defence responses of avocado roots to the root pathogen P. cinnamomi. Our data is currently the only EST data that has been generated for avocado rootstocks, and the ESTs identified in this study have already been useful in identifying defence-related genes as well as providing gene information for other studies looking at processes such as ROS regulation as well as hypoxia in avocado roots. Our EST data will aid in the elucidation of the avocado transcriptome and identification of markers for improved

  13. FLUXOS IMIGRATÓRIOS DE LATINO-AMERICANOS: CIDADANIA TRANSNACIONAL

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    Celia Toledo Lucena

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A imigração na atualidade tornou-se um fenômeno social e econômico que se apresenta como um problema nas políticas internacionais e às políticas latino-americanas. Assim, a imigração centro e sul americana, sob a perspectiva de gênero, para diferentes lugares do planeta, têm se intensificado a partir de 1990.Com relação ao destino, existem dois tipos migratórios favoritos: as regiões metropolitanas e as regiões de fronteira. Tendo em vista perceber as diferentes formas de integração, em região metropolitana, o grupo de peruanos foi objeto de análise na cidade de São Paulo, na migração trans-fronteiriça, a fronteira Nicarágua-Costa Rica foi espaço de reflexão. A fronteira segue o ritmo das metrópoles e tende a se transformar em território global.

  14. Intervenções em Dieta e Pressão Arterial na América Latina - Revisão Sistemática e Meta-Análise

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    Caroline Cantalejo Mazzaro

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: Pressão arterial elevada é o principal fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Baixos índices de controle da pressão arterial em populações latino-americanas reforçam a necessidade de reunir evidências sobre terapias eficazes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito das intervenções de modificações de dietas sobre pressão arterial em populações latino-americanas. Métodos: Revisão sistemática. Foram pesquisadas diversas bases de dados (MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS e BVS e realizada busca manual até abril de 2013. Foram incluídos estudos paralelos de intervenções em dieta em populações adultas da América Latina reportando pressão arterial (em mmHg antes e após a intervenção. Resultados: Dos 405 estudos encontrados, 10 ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos e divididos em 3 subgrupos, de acordo com a dieta proposta como intervenção. Houve redução não significativa da pressão arterial sistólica nos subgrupos de substituição mineral -4,82 (IC 95%: -11,36 a 1,73 mmHg e padrões complexos -3,17 (IC 95%: -7,62 a 1,28 mmHg. Para a pressão arterial diastólica, com exceção do subgrupo de dietas hiperproteicas, todos os subgrupos apresentaram redução significativa, com -4,66 (IC 95%: -9,21 a -0,12 mmHg e -4,55 (IC 95%: -7,04 a -2,06 mmHg para substituição mineral e padrões complexos, respectivamente. Conclusão: A evidência disponível sobre os efeitos de alterações de dieta na pressão arterial em populações latino-americanas indica um efeito homogêneo, porém não significativo, para pressão arterial sistólica. Estudos maiores e com maior rigor metodológico são necessários para construção de evidência robusta.

  15. Nível de conhecimentos sobre Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA e uso de terapias alternativas por populações de uma área endêmica da Amazônia do Maranhão, Brasil

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    Moreira Rosilene da Conceição R.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Realizou-se estudo visando identificar e comparar que conhecimentos básicos e uso de terapias alternativas relativos à Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA, têm populações residentes em cinco áreas rurais (Sexta Vicinal, Quinta Vicinal, Trilha 410, Vila União e Buritizinho pertencentes ao município de Buriticupu, Maranhão. No período de setembro de 1997 a janeiro de 1998, aplicou-se questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, abordando aspectos epidemiológicos, modos de prevenção, clínica e terapêutica alternativa. A população estudada foi de 378 (19% indivíduos de um total de 1980 habitantes. Na Sexta Vicinal (35 indivíduos, Quinta Vicinal (63, Trilha 410 (96, Vila União (85 e Buritizinho (99. Dos entrevistados, 72% tinham poucos conhecimentos dos modos de transmissão, 96,9% já ouviram falar da doença, a maioria obteve informações com amigos, 60,7% conheciam a LTA como lésh. O Glucantime foi a droga mais citada para o tratamento, 29,6% relataram uso de plantas no local da lesão. O Citrus limon (limão foi a planta mais citada (15,4% dos entrevistados, o modo de uso mais freqüente era o pó espalhado sobre a lesão. Conclui-se que o nível de conhecimento sobre LTA foi incipiente, principalmente na prevenção e terapêutica, situação similar nas cinco áreas estudadas.

  16. Tracking a genetic signal of extinction-recolonization events in a neotropical tree species: Vouacapoua americana Aublet in French Guiana.

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    Dutech, Cyril; Maggia, Laurent; Tardy, Christophe; Joly, Hélène I; Jarne, Philippe

    2003-12-01

    Drier periods from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene have been hypothesized to have caused the disappearance of various rainforest species over large geographical areas in South America and restricted the extant populations to mesic sites. Subsequent improvement in climatic conditions has been associated with recolonization. Changes in population size associated with these extinction-recolonization events should have affected genetic diversity within species. However, these historical hypotheses and their genetic consequences have rarely been tested in South America. Here, we examine the diversity of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes in a Neotropical rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in French Guiana. The chloroplast diversity was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (six pairs of primers) in 29 populations distributed over most of French Guiana, and a subset of 17 populations was also analyzed at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. To determine whether this species has experienced extinction-recolonization, we sampled populations in areas supposedly not or only slightly affected by climatic changes, where the populations would not have experienced frequent extinction, and in areas that appear to have been recently recolonized. In the putatively recolonized areas, we found patches of several thousands of hectares homogeneous for chloroplast variation that can be interpreted as the effect of recolonization processes from several geographical origins. In addition, we observed that, for both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, the populations in newly recolonized areas exhibited a significantly smaller allelic richness than others. Controlling for geographic distance, we also detected a significant correlation between chloroplast and nuclear population differentiation. This result indicates a cytonuclear disequilibrium that can be interpreted as a historical signal

  17. La exposición histórico-americana de Madrid de 1892 y la ¿ausencia? de México

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    Ramírez Losada, Dení

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available The Fourth Centennial of the Discovery of America was celebrated in 1892. Together with the rest of the festivities, the Historical American Exposition of Madrid is considered a landmark not only for its political, cultural and scientific relevance, which, to this day, have not been studied in their entirety, but as well for the implications that resulted for Mexico. This article is meant to show, on the one side, the singularity of such festivities, and, on the other, the fact that Mexico’s participation constituted an important historical moment for Mexican scientific anthropology. This research was essentially carried out based on the numerous documentation found at the Archivo General de la Administración, Alcalá de Henares.

    En 1892 se celebró en España el IV Centenario del Descubrimiento de América. En el marco de este festejo destacó, sin duda, la Exposición Histórico Americana de Madrid no sólo por su enorme relevancia política, cultural y científica que, hasta ahora, se ha estudiado poco, sino por todo aquello que significó para México en particular. El artículo centra su interés en destacar, por un lado, la singularidad de los festejos colombinos y, por el otro, mostrar que la participación de México en la Exposición Histórico-Americana constituyó todo un hito científico en la antropología mexicana. La investigación se llevó a cabo, fundamentalmente, sobre la copiosa documentación encontrada en el Archivo General de la Administración, Alcalá de Henares.

  18. Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Shirong; Liao, Shangqiang; Guo, Junkang; Song, Zhengguo; Wang, Ruigang; Zhou, Xiaomin

    2011-12-30

    Growth and cesium uptake responses of plants to elevated CO(2) and microbial inoculation, alone or in combination, can be explored for clean-up of contaminated soils, and this induced phytoextraction may be better than the natural process. The present study used open-top chambers to investigate combined effects of Burkholderia sp. D54 inoculation and elevated CO(2) (860 μL L(-1)) on growth and Cs uptake by Phytolacca americana and Amaranthus cruentus grown on soil spiked with various levels of Cs (0-1000 mg kg(-1)). Elevated CO(2) and bacterial inoculation, alone or in combination, significantly increased biomass production with increased magnitude, ranging from 22% to 139% for P. americana, and 14% to 254% for A. cruentus. Total tissue Cs in both plants was significantly greater for bacterial inoculation treatment singly, and combined treatments of bacterial inoculation and elevated CO(2) than for the control treatment in most cases. Regardless of CO(2) concentrations and bacterial inoculation, A. cruentus had higher tissue Cs concentration, Cs transfer factors and concentration ratios than P. americana, but they had slightly different contents of antioxidant enzymes. It is concluded that combined effects of elevated CO(2) and microbial inoculation with regard to plant ability to grow and remove radionuclides from soil can be explored for CO(2)- and microbe-assisted phytoextraction technology. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from avocado seed (Persea americana var. drymifolia) reveals abundant expression of the gene encoding the antimicrobial peptide snakin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guzmán-Rodríguez, Jaquelina J; Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique; Herrera-Estrella, Luis; Ochoa-Zarzosa, Alejandra; Suárez-Rodríguez, Luis María; Rodríguez-Zapata, Luis C; Salgado-Garciglia, Rafael; Jimenez-Moraila, Beatriz; López-Meza, Joel E; López-Gómez, Rodolfo

    2013-09-01

    Avocado is one of the most important fruits in the world. Avocado "native mexicano" (Persea americana var. drymifolia) seeds are widely used in the propagation of this plant and are the primary source of rootstocks globally for a variety of avocado cultivars, such as the Hass avocado. Here, we report the isolation of 5005 ESTs from the 5' ends of P. americana var. drymifolia seed cDNA clones representing 1584 possible unigenes. These avocado seed ESTs were compared with the avocado flower EST library, and we detected several genes that are expressed either in both tissues or only in the seed. The snakin gene, which encodes an element of the innate immune response in plants, was one of those most frequently found among the seed ESTs, and this suggests that it is abundantly expressed in the avocado seed. We expressed the snakin gene in a heterologous system, namely the bovine endothelial cell line BVE-E6E7. Conditioned media from transfected BVE-E6E7 cells showed antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first study of the function of the snakin gene in plant seed tissue, and our observations suggest that this gene might play a protective role in the avocado seed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  20. LITERATURA E JORNALISMO NA ESCRITURA DA MODERNIDADE LATINO-AMERICANA

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    Marta Eymael Garcia Scherer

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Traçar ou trançar considerações acerca dos distanciamentos e aproximações da poesia e da crônica é o que se propõe este ensaio, que questiona os limites entre as diferenças formas da mesma arte: a escritura. As idéias aqui expostas fazem pensar sobre a escrita da modernidade, que transmuta e perpassa os gêneros, fazendo com que as fronteiras sejam tênues. É neste contexto que as crônicas se tornaram um espaço transformador para a prosa e a poesia, impregnadas que estavam uma da outra, num movimento mútuo de absorção de técnicas textuais e poéticas. Ao desenvolver o ensaio cotejamos apontamentos teóricos com os nomes de Olavo Bilac, Ruben Darío, Leopoldo Lugones e José Martí – famosos por sua capacidade poética, por suas posições políticas, por seus textos. Múltiplos e artistas da escritura, são apenas alguns dos tantos nomes que viveram as contradições da modernidade e as transformaram em texto.

  1. THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (c.v. Americana ESTABLISHED BY ZERO TILLAGE TECHNIQUE IN IMPERATA FIELD CONTROLLED BY HERBICIDES

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    S. TJITROSEMITO

    1989-01-01

    Full Text Available A field experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of soybean (c.v. Americana when established with zero tillage technique on Imperata dominated area. Four different techniques of alang-alang control i.e. imazapyr (20 kg ai/ha, glyphosate (25 kg ai/ha, glufosinate (3.0 kg ai/ha and manual cultivation were arranged factorially with time of plantings i.e. 1,2 and 3 months after treatments. The alang-alang damages varied with herbicides and times, imazapyr (20 kg ai/ha showed slow appearance of damage at 3 months after application it was only 69%, while that of glufosinate was already down to 48% due to regrowth. No phytotoxicity was recorded, but the yield was low.

  2. Símbolos del Tiempo, la Identidad y la Alteridad en la Visión Americana de José Martí

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    Ricardo Melgar Bao

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde nuestro mirador antropológico, consideramos que el proceso de simbolización cobró par ticular visibilidad y desarrollo en la perspectiva americana de José Martí du rante los últimos quince años de su vida. Nos referimos particularmente al tiempo, la identidad y la alteridad presentes en su ensayo Nuestra América y algunos otros escritos. Sostenemos que el análisis de este cam po simbólico en el pensamiento de un autor, nos puede decir tanto o más que los enfoques tradicionales propios a la historia de las ideas en América Latina.

  3. Proteção social aos idosos: concepções, diretrizes e reconhecimento de direitos na América Latina e no Brasil

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    Maria do Rosário de Fátima e Silva

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-49802014000100011 O artigo tem por objetivo percorrer o processo de constituição e concretização do sistema de proteção social na América latina e nele localizar as medidas específicas de proteção social, adotadas pelo governo brasileiro, no atendimento das demandas da população idosa. Escolheu-se como marco histórico de análise da realidade latino-americana, a I Conferência Intergovernamental sobre Envelhecimento na América Latina e Caribe, realizada pela Comissão Econômica Para a America latina e Caribe - CEPAL, em novembro/2003, em Santiago no Chile, como síntese das medidas de proteção social que vem sendo destinadas pelos países do continente ao segmento social idoso. Para a experiência brasileira elegeu-se como marco as prerrogativas legais relacionadas aos direitos dos idosos e à Seguridade Social implementadas a partir dos anos de 1990. São abordadas as concepções sobre proteção social e envelhecimento, encaradas como direito e conquista da civilização humana no século 21.

  4. O Casamento entre Pessoas do Mesmo Sexo na Suprema Corte Norte-Americana: uma reflexão baseada no diálogo entre Honneth-Fraser

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    Maria Eugenia Bunchaft

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n74p233 Este trabalho objetiva analisar a decisão majoritária no julgamento do caso Obergefell v. Hodges à luz dos referenciais teóricos desenvolvidos por Axel Honneth e Nancy Fraser e seus reflexos na interpretação e na crítica de posturas proativas do Poder Judiciário. Sustenta-se que o voto de Justice Kennedy contempla um conjunto de discursos implícitos que não apenas estabelecem a subordinação de status de casais homossexuais não casados - que é tão criticada por Fraser - mas essencializam a identidade gay. Utiliza-se o método de indução analítica e a análise crítica do discurso feminista. Outrossim, o trabalho também emprega a documentação indireta.

  5. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by a new temporary blue-black tattoo dye - sensitization to genipin from jagua (Genipa americana L.) fruit extract.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bircher, Andreas J; Sigg, Rita; Scherer Hofmeier, Kathrin; Schlegel, Urs; Hauri, Urs

    2017-12-01

    Temporary tattoos made with an extract of the jagua fruit (Genipa americana L.) are becoming increasingly popular. It is claimed that it is 'dermatologically tested' and does not contain p-phenylenediamine. Extracts of jagua and gardenia fruits have been used by indigenous people in South America, as well as in traditional Chinese medicine, for centuries. Genipin is currently used for its cross-linking effect in the manufacture of polysaccharides, and is being investigated for its anti-inflammatory and other properties. To report the presence of the allergenic substance genipin in a self-administered temporary tattoo dye made from the fruit juice of jagua (Genipa americana L.). A 39-year-old female who repeatedly applied 'completely natural and 100% safe' Earth Jagua® tattoo, obtained via the internet, to her left hand developed allergic contact dermatitis within 6 weeks. Analysis of the dye showed the presence of geniposide and genipin. Patch tests with the dye and with its main components, including genipin, gave strong positive reactions to the latter. There was no sensitization to other ingredients or p-amino compounds. We report an extensively evaluated case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by a temporary Earth Jagua® tattoo. The allergen identified is genipin, a substance that is increasingly used for tattoos and as a therapeutic agent in medicine. This could result in an increase in the number of allergic reactions in the future. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Technical review of the environmental study and report referent to the proposal of construction of a 1200 MW thermoelectric power plant (Carioba II) in the Americana district, SP, Brazil; Parecer tecnico parcial do estudo e relatorio de impacto ambiental (EIA/RIMA) referentes a proposta de implantacao de uma usina termeletrica de 1200 Mw (Carioba II) no municipio de Americana, SP

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Figueiredo, Paulo Jorge Moraes; Martins, Gilberto [Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP), SP (Brazil)]. E-mails: pfigueir@unimep.br; gmartins@unimep.br

    2001-06-01

    This document represents a partial analysis and a technical review about the environmental study and report of a 1200 MW thermoelectric power plant, proposed for the Americana district, SP, Brazil. Published on June, 4th 2001, this article points out many problems and mistakes of the referred studies, with the objective of providing support to the Federal attorney office and the general public. (author)

  7. Persea americana (avocado): bringing ancient flowers to fruit in the genomics era.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chanderbali, André S; Albert, Victor A; Ashworth, Vanessa E T M; Clegg, Michael T; Litz, Richard E; Soltis, Douglas E; Soltis, Pamela S

    2008-04-01

    The avocado (Persea americana) is a major crop commodity worldwide. Moreover, avocado, a paleopolyploid, is an evolutionary "outpost" among flowering plants, representing a basal lineage (the magnoliid clade) near the origin of the flowering plants themselves. Following centuries of selective breeding, avocado germplasm has been characterized at the level of microsatellite and RFLP markers. Nonetheless, little is known beyond these general diversity estimates, and much work remains to be done to develop avocado as a major subtropical-zone crop. Among the goals of avocado improvement are to develop varieties with fruit that will "store" better on the tree, show uniform ripening and have better post-harvest storage. Avocado transcriptome sequencing, genome mapping and partial genomic sequencing will represent a major step toward the goal of sequencing the entire avocado genome, which is expected to aid in improving avocado varieties and production, as well as understanding the evolution of flowers from non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms). Additionally, continued evolutionary and other comparative studies of flower and fruit development in different avocado strains can be accomplished at the gene expression level, including in comparison with avocado relatives, and these should provide important insights into the genetic regulation of fruit development in basal angiosperms.

  8. Effects of freezing on white perch Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789): Implications for multivariate morphometrics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kocovsky, Patrick

    2016-01-01

    This study tested the hypothesis that duration of freezing differentially affects whole-body morphometrics of a derived teleost. Whole-body morphometrics are frequently analyzed to test hypotheses of different species, or stocks within a species, of fishes. Specimens used for morphometric analyses are typically fixed or preserved prior to analysis, yet little research has been done on how fixation or preservation methods or duration of preservation of specimens might affect outcomes of multivariate statistical analyses of differences in shape. To determine whether whole-body morphometrics changed as a result of freezing, 23 whole-body morphometrics of age-1 white perch (Morone americana) from western Lake Erie (n = 211) were analyzed immediately after capture, after being held on ice overnight, and after freezing for 100 or 200 days. Discriminant function analysis revealed that all four groups differed significantly from one another (P time to avoid biases related to the length of time they were frozen. Similar experiments should be conducted on other species and also using formalin- and alcohol-preserved specimens.

  9. Estudios sobre Trypanosomiasis americana en el Perú. Observaciones en el departamento de Ica

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    Víctor M Ayulo Robles

    1946-01-01

    Full Text Available Hemos comprobado la presencia de Triatomas en las ciudades de Ica y Nazca. Los Triatomas encontrados en esas localidades son de la especie del Triatoma Infestans. Las observaciones del contenido intestinal de los Triatomas capturados en ambas ciudades reveló que ellos no se encuentran infestados; lo que hace sospechar que estos insectos procedan de la Ciudad de Arequipa. Los exámenes de sangre en fresco, gota gruesa y frotis coloreados por el método de Giemsa en 174 personas y 32 animales, así como las pruebas de Desviación del Complemento (Reacción de GUERREIRO Y MACHADO e intradermo-reacción en las 174 personas, fueron negativas; lo que demuestra que actualmente no existe la Enfermedad de Chagas en el Departamento de Ica. Dada la presencia de Triatomas en Ica y Nazca y la existencia de la Enfermedad de Chagas en Vitor, Sihuas y Quishuarani del Departamento de Arequipa no se excluye la posibilidad de que posteriormente se haga presente la Trypanosomiasis americana, también, en esas zonas.

  10. Behavioral responses of Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to Azadirex (neem)-treated host plants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capinera, John L; Froeba, Jason G

    2007-02-01

    Azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. Less well known are the antifeedant properties. The feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (Azatrol EC) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the American grasshopper, Schistocerca americana (Drury), and four host plants [savoy cabbage, Brassica oleracea variety capitata L.; cos (romaine) lettuce, Lactuca sativa variety longifolia Lam.; sweet orange, Citrus sinensis variety Hamlin L.; and peregrina, Jatropha integerrima Jacq.]. These studies demonstrated that azadirex application can significantly affect the feeding behavior of grasshoppers. Some degree of protection can be afforded to plants that differ markedly in their innate attractiveness to the insect, although the level of protection varies among hosts. The tendency of grasshoppers to sometimes feed on azadirex-treated foliage suggests that it will be difficult to prevent damage from occurring at all times, on all hosts. No evidence of rapid habituation to azadirex was detected. Rapid loss of efficacy was observed under field conditions, suggesting that daily retreatment might be necessary to maintain protection of plants from feeding.

  11. Parametri za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati

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    Liljana Ugrinova

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Napraven e pregled na parametrite za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati. Za procena na kvalitetot na ispituvaniot materijal bea izvrseni fizicki, hemiski i bioloski ispituvanja spored postapkite dadeni vo Ph. Eur., DIN i spored DIN ISO standardite. Baranjata za kvalitet na ovoj vid ambalaza propisani spored Ph. Eur., DIN i DIN ISO standardite se razlikuvaat vo odnos na predvidenite parametri za fizicki, za hemiski i za bioloski ispituvanja. Isto taka, propisani se i razlicni granici na dozvoleno otstapuvanje na oddelni parametri.

  12. Influência das fibras de aço e das adições minerais na fissuração de tirantes de concreto armado

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    L. A. Oliveira Júnior

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho é investigada a influência das fibras de aço e das adições minerais (sílica ativa e cinza volante na fissuração de tirantes de concreto armado. Fibras de aço com gancho nas extremidades e relação de aspecto igual a 65 foram usadas nas frações volumétricas de 0,75%, 1,00% e 1,50%. Dezesseis tirantes de 800 mm de comprimento e seção transversal quadrada de 150 mm de lado reforçados com uma barra de aço CA-50 de 20 mm de diâmetro foram submetidos à tração axial para determinação das aberturas das fissuras. Os resultados mostraram que as fibras reduziram a abertura média de fissuras em até 75% e que as adições minerais melhoraram o comportamento do concreto na fissuração. As aberturas de fissuras foram comparadas aos valores sugeridos pelas recomendações das normas brasileira, americana e européia, que se mostraram inadequadas para estimar a abertura de fissuras em concretos reforçados com fibras.

  13. Rootstock Effect on the Tolerance of cv. Hass Avocado Plants to Nacl Stress Efecto del Portainjerto en la Tolerancia de Plantas de Palto cv. Hass al Estrés por NaCl

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    Mónica Castro V

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available The avocado tree (Persea americana Mill. is one of the species most sensitive to salinity. Since the root system of this species is particularly affected by this type of stress, it is crucial to find a rootstock that is tolerant to saline water irrigation. Plant material from the cv. Hass was grafted on five rootstocks to find possible candidates: the clonal ‘Duke 7’, ‘Nabal’, ‘Degania 117’,’Mexicola’, and ‘Zutano’ seedlings. One year-old plants were placed in 55 L pots; river sand was used as substrate, and the plants were fertilized with a modified Hoagland solution. Vegetative growth and internal nutrient content were compared with control plants with 30 mg L-1 of Cl-, and plants treated with 200 mg L-1 Cl- for 130 days using NaCl in the nutrient solution (5.64 mM. No interaction between NaCl and the rootstocks for the vegetative growth variables was detected neither in K+ internal foliar or root content nor Ca+2 root. With regard to the carbon assimilation rate, the Nabal rootstock showed the highest rates under the NaCl treatment by retaining the highest chloride concentration in the roots and greatly limiting the concentration found in the leaves of the cv. Hass cultivar. It is therefore a promising rootstock for salt tolerance.El palto (Persea americana Mill. es una de las especies más sensibles a la salinidad, debido a que su sistema radical es particularmente afectado por este estrés, es importante identificar un portainjerto tolerante al riego con agua salina. Para encontrar posibles candidatos se utilizó material vegetal del cv. Hass injertado sobre cinco portainjertos, el clonal Duke 7 y los provenientes de semilla, Nabal, Degania 117, Mexícola y Zutano. Plantas de 1 año de edad fueron colocadas en macetas de 55 L, con arena de río como sustrato y fertilizadas con una solución Hoagland modificada. Durante 130 días se comparó el crecimiento vegetativo y los contenidos internos de nutrientes en plantas

  14. Cooperação e integração regional em saúde na América do Sul: a contribuição da Unasul-Saúde Regional cooperation and integration in health in South America: the contribution of Unasur-Health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Marchiori Buss

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o processo de integração da América do Sul na área da saúde, desde a constituição da União de Nações Sul-Americanas (Unasul, em maio de 2008, até o surgimento do Conselho de Saúde da Unasul, em 2009, e seu ulterior desenvolvimento no último ano (2009-2010. Este estudo é de caráter descritivo e o meio de investigação foi o estudo de caso. Apresentam-se os principais elementos constitutivos da Agenda de Saúde Sul-Americana, com especial destaque para a área de desenvolvimento e gestão de recursos humanos em saúde, que esteve sob a coordenação do Brasil no último ano. Os autores concluem que esse intercâmbio contribuirá para minimizar as assimetrias entre os países, colaborando para a melhoria das condições de vida e saúde da região.The scope of this study is to discuss the process of integration of South America in the domain of health, from the constitution of the Union of South American Nations (Unasur, in May 2008, through to the emergence of the Unasur Council of Health, in 2009, and its ongoing development in the past year (2009-2010. This study is descriptive in nature and the medium of investigation was the case study. The authors present the main constituent elements of the South-American Health Agenda, with particular emphasis on the area of development and management of human resources in health, which was coordinated by Brazil in the past year. The authors conclude that this interchange will contribute to minimization of the asymmetries amongst the countries, collaborating to improve the quality of life and health conditions in the region.

  15. [Dissemination of German medicine in Spain and Latin America: the "Revista Médica de Hamburgo" and the "Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana" (1920-1933)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sá, Magali Romero; Cândido da Silva, André Felipe

    2010-01-01

    This article presents the development of the journals "Revista Médica de Hamburgo" and "Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana," which were created to promote and disseminate the German science among the medical community in Latin America and Spain between the two World Wars. Shaken by the loss of Germany's colonies in Africa, the difficulties faced due to post-war economy, and the restrictions imposed by the armistice, the Germans sought to restore their cultural and scientific prestige through such initiative.

  16. Somatização na América Latina: uma revisão sobre a classificação de transtornos somatoformes, síndromes funcionais e sintomas sem explicação médica Somatization in Latin America: a review of the classification of somatoform disorders, functional syndromes and medically unexplained symptoms

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    Luís Fernando Tófoli

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Os sintomas sem explicação médica são frequentes e estão associados a sofrimento mental em vários contextos. Estudos prévios apontam que as populações latino-americanas são propensas à somatização. Diante da reformulação da Classificação Internacional de Doenças para sua 11ª edição, as particularidades dos nativos desta região do mundo devem ser levadas em consideração. O objetivo deste estudo é prover informações sobre somatização na população latino-americana para a tomada de decisões quanto às categorias diagnósticas ligadas a sintomas sem explicação médica na Classificação Internacional de Doenças-11ª edição. MÉTODO: Revisão extensa da produção de 1995 a 2011 sobre somatização em populações de origem latino-americana. RESULTADOS: A análise dos 106 estudos incluídos nesta revisão foi dividida em 15 categorias: revisões sistemáticas, revisões conceituais, prevalências, atenção primária, depressão e ansiedade, fatores de risco, violência, quadros orgânicos, relacionamento com profissionais e o sistema de saúde, etnia, síndromes ligadas à cultura, síndrome da fadiga crônica, fibromialgia, transtorno dismórfico corporal, e conversão e dissociação. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos latino-americanos confirmam a dificuldade na definição categorial de quadros com sintomas sem explicação médica. O suposto "traço somatizador" das culturas latinas pode estar associado mais à expressão cultural e linguística do que a um caráter de natureza étnica, e tais particularidades devem estar na agenda na nova classificação destes fenômenos na Classificação Internacional de Doenças-11ª edição.OBJECTIVE: medically unexplained symptoms are common and associated with mental illness in various contexts. Previous studies show that Latin American populations are prone to somatization. Given the reformulation of the International Classification of Diseases towards its 11th

  17. Dissemination of German Medicine in Spain and Latin America:The Revista Médica de Hamburgo and the Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana (1920-1933

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romero Sá, Magali

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available This article presents the development of the journals Revista Médica de Hamburgo and Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana, which were created to promote and disseminate the German science among the medical community in Latin America and Spain between the two World Wars. Shaken by the loss of Germany’s colonies in Africa, the difficulties faced due to post-war economy, and the restrictions imposed by the armistice, the Germans sought to restore their cultural and scientific prestige through such initiative.

    El trabajo aborda la trayectoria de la Revista Médica de Hamburgo (RMH y la Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana (RMGIA, publicaciones creadas para promover y difundir la ciencia alemana entre las comunidades médicas de América Latina y España en el contexto de entreguerras. Sacudidos por la pérdida de las colonias en África, por las dificultades enfrentadas por la economía y por las condiciones impuestas por el armisticio, los alemanes pretendían con esa iniciativa recuperar el prestigio cultural y científico.

  18. First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’-Related Strain of 16SrVI-A Phytoplasma Subgroup, Associated with Elm Yellows Disease in American Elm ( Ulmus americana L.) in Ohio, U.S.A

    Science.gov (United States)

    C.E. Flower; N. Hayes-Plazolles; J.M. Slavicek; C. Rosa

    2018-01-01

    During the investigation of the sudden and early onset of yellowing and mortality of American elm (Ulmus americana L.) trees at the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station in Delaware, OH, a phytoplasma of the clover proliferation group (16SrVI) was detected as the putative causal agent of the disease outbreak.

  19. Heavy metal and selenium levels in endangered wood storks Mycteria americana from nesting colonies in Florida and Costa Rica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burger, J; Rodgers, J A; Gochfeld, M

    1993-05-01

    Colonially-nesting birds often nest in coastal areas, along rivers, or near other bodies of water that also are potentially polluted from industrial, agricultural or urban development. The levels of heavy metals and selenium were examined in the feathers of young wood storks Mycteria americana nesting in Northeastern Florida and from adult and young storks nesting on the Tempisque River on the west coast of Costa Rica. There were no significant yearly differences among the chicks from Costa Rica. Concentration of mercury, cadmium, and lead were significantly higher in the chicks from Florida compared to those from Costa Rica. Adult wood storks at Costa Rica had significantly higher levels of lead, cadmium, selenium, and manganese than young from the same colony.

  20. Interferência do tratamento medicamentoso imediato e tardio na doença de Parkinson no gerenciamento da disfagia

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    Paula Pinheiro Gerszt

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available A Doença de Parkinson apresenta grande incidência na população idosa, gerando comprometimento motor progressivo, que afeta várias funções, dentre as quais se destaca a deglutição. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo relacionar a disfagia na Doença de Parkinson aos efeitos imediatos e/ou tardios do tratamento medicamentoso, que de forma direta ou indireta interferirá no gerenciamento fonoaudiológico. Fizemos uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs, Scielo, Medline e Pubmed no período de 2001 a 2011, utilizando os termos livres “Doença de Parkinson”; (Parkinson Disease, “deglutição”; (deglutition, “disfagia”; (dysphagia, “preparações farmacêuticas”; (pharmaceutical preparations, “levodopa”;, “videofluoroscopia”; (videofluoroscopy, além de um documento governamental (OPAS, 2002, artigos relevantes e exemplares da literatura americana e brasileira sobre o tema. A literatura aponta a Levodopa como o principal tratamento farmacológico da doença de Parkinson. Contudo, a melhora dos sintomas motores deve ser ponderada em função da ocorrência de efeitos colaterais importantes, sejam imediatos ou tardios. Até o momento não há respostas consistentes a favor da melhora da disfagia como resultado do tratamento farmacológico, cujos efeitos podem interferir direta ou indiretamente sobre as manifestações disfágicas e de várias formas. Assim, torna-se fundamental o registro das medicações como parte da anamnese, considerando que tais dados possam auxiliar na orientação/reorientação da conduta fonoaudiológica, especialmente em contexto interdisciplinar. A despeito da possibilidade do doente de Parkinson responder de forma inconsistente à terapia farmacológica, vale ressaltar que o profissional deve estar atento à presença de efeitos colaterais como fatores modificadores do quadro de disfagia orofaríngea na Doença de Parkinson idiopática.

  1. Os reformadores empresariais da educação: da desmoralização do magistério à destruição do sistema público de educação

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    Luiz Carlos de Freitas

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é reunir evidência empírica costumeiramente sonegada pelos reformadores empresariais da educação no Brasil e apresentar algumas das características que marcam a proposta destes "novos reformadores". As categorias centrais que definem esta política educacional envolvem uma combinação de responsabilização, meritocracia e privatização. Estuda-se a produção americana privilegiadamente porque é neste país que estas ideias foram mais largamente testadas com resultados que as caracterizam como uma verdadeira década perdida para a educação americana. No Brasil estas ideias estão crescendo, em especial ao nível das secretarias estaduais e municipais de Educação. Pretende-se alertar para os riscos destas políticas já evidenciados na pesquisa e na prática educacional.

  2. OS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DO AMBIENTE NA ENCRUZILHADA DO NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO COM O NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICANO

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    Marco Anthony Steveson Villas Boas

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available A construção do sistema de proteção do ambiente como direito humano, integrante da terceira dimensão ou geração de direitos, alicerçado na responsabilidade solidária e no dever fundamental de o Estado protegê-lo, procurou garantir a qualidade de vida e a dignidade do homem, e bem assim a própria sobrevivência do ser humano no Planeta. No entanto, o antropocentrismo eurocêntrico, alargado pelo Direito Internacional e incorporado por diversas Constituições latino-americanas, não tem alcançado força normativa para proteger minorias étnicas, como indígenas e populações tradicionais. Essa baixa normatividade e as diferenças populacionais da América Latina trouxeram, para o plano do Direito Constitucional, novas propostas de proteção à natureza, conferindo-lhe direitos a partir de uma cosmovisão indígena biocêntrica, de matriz pluralista, a qual quer sobrepor-se ao monismo antropocêntrico. Todavia, deixam o constitucionalismo latino-americano em verdadeira encruzilhada.

  3. SUBSTRATOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE JENIPAPO (Genipa americana L. SUBSTRATES FOR PRODUCTION OF JENIPAPO (Genipa americana L.

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    Mauro Corrêa da Costa

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available

    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar substratos para crescimento de mudas de jenipapo, em condições de viveiro. Foram usados terra preta, terra preta e casca de arroz carbonizada, nas proporções de 1:1, 1:2 e 2:1; terra preta e esterco bovino, nas proporções de 1:1 e 2:1; terra preta, casca de arroz carbonizada e esterco bovino, nas proporções de 1:1:1 e 1:2:1; terra preta, casca de arroz carbonizada e areia, na proporção de 1:1:1; terra preta, casca de arroz carbonizada, esterco bovino e areia, na proporção de 1:1:1:1. Todos os substratos foram fertilizados com superfosfato simples, na dose de 3,0 kg.m-3 de substrato. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez tratamentos e três repetições de dez mudas. As características avaliadas foram: altura das mudas, número de folhas, diâmetro basal do caule, massa de matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea, e relação da matéria seca da raiz/matéria seca da parte aérea. Os substratos à base de terra preta e esterco bovino, na proporção de 1:1, e de terra preta, casca de arroz carbonizada e esterco bovino, na proporção de 1:1:1, proporcionaram maior crescimento às mudas de jenipapo.

    PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Frutífera tropical; propagação de plantas; Rubiaceae; planta medicinal.

    This study had the aim of evaluating substrates to growing of jenipapo seedlings in nursery conditions. The substrates were: garden soil; garden soil and carbonized rice husks in the proportions 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1; garden soil and cattle manure in the proportions 1:1 and 2:1; garden soil, carbonized rice husks, and cattle manure in the proportions 1:1:1 and 1:2:1; garden soil, carbonized rice husks, and sand in proportion 1:1:1:1. All substrates were fertilized with single superphosphate, in a

  4. Načrtovan porod na domu

    OpenAIRE

    Todorović, Tamara; Takač, Iztok

    2017-01-01

    Izhodišča: Porod na domu je sicer star toliko kot človeštvo, pa vendar v veliki večini srednje in visoko razvitih držav prevladuje mnenje, da so zaradi nepredvidljivosti zapletov porodnišnice najbolj varno okolje za rojevanje. Kljub temu obstaja peščica držav, v katerih je porod na domu integriran v sistem zdravstvenega varstva (npr. Nizozemska, Velika Britanija, Kanada). Pri porodih na domu ločimo nenačrtovane in načrtovane porode na domu, slednje pa lahko nadalje razdelimo še na porode s sp...

  5. “Ser devorado no duele”. Th. W. Adorno y la experiencia americana

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    Maiso, Jordi

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available The present text aims to fathom Theodor W. Adorno’s american experience as a deciding learning process in the development of his Critical Theory. As a consequence of his New York exile years and his participance on the Princeton Radio Research Project, Adorno not only gets in touch with the proceeding of the culture industry and sets down a resolute theoretical approach to radio music, but also realizes a shift has taken place on the social function of theory which enables him a poignant self-reflection on the situation of the emigrated intellectual.El presente texto pretende desentrañar la experiencia americana de Theodor W. Adorno como un proceso de aprendizaje decisivo en la formulación de su Teoría Crítica. A partir de su exilio en Nueva York y de su participación en el Princeton Radio Research Project, Adorno no sólo adquiere un conocimiento directo del funcionamiento de la industria de la cultura y formula una decisiva aproximación teórica a la música radiofónica, sino que también toma conciencia de un cambio en la función social de la teoría que le permite llevar a cabo una aguda autorreflexión sobre la situación del intelectual emigrado.

  6. Transcriptional signatures of ancient floral developmental genetics in avocado (Persea americana; Lauraceae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chanderbali, André S; Albert, Victor A; Leebens-Mack, Jim; Altman, Naomi S; Soltis, Douglas E; Soltis, Pamela S

    2009-06-02

    The debate on the origin and evolution of flowers has recently entered the field of developmental genetics, with focus on the design of the ancestral floral regulatory program. Flowers can differ dramatically among angiosperm lineages, but in general, male and female reproductive organs surrounded by a sterile perianth of sepals and petals constitute the basic floral structure. However, the basal angiosperm lineages exhibit spectacular diversity in the number, arrangement, and structure of floral organs, whereas the evolutionarily derived monocot and eudicot lineages share a far more uniform floral ground plan. Here we show that broadly overlapping transcriptional programs characterize the floral transcriptome of the basal angiosperm Persea americana (avocado), whereas floral gene expression domains are considerably more organ specific in the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings therefore support the "fading borders" model for organ identity determination in basal angiosperm flowers and extend it from the action of regulatory genes to downstream transcriptional programs. Furthermore, the declining expression of components of the staminal transcriptome in central and peripheral regions of Persea flowers concurs with elements of a previous hypothesis for developmental regulation in a gymnosperm "floral progenitor." Accordingly, in contrast to the canalized organ-specific regulatory apparatus of Arabidopsis, floral development may have been originally regulated by overlapping transcriptional cascades with fading gradients of influence from focal to bordering organs.

  7. Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in greater rheas (Rhea americana) at the Reproduction Centre for Wild Animals in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    OpenAIRE

    SOARES, H.S.; ALVES, N.D.; PEREIRA, R.H.M.A.; MATOS, S.M.; PENA, H.F.J.; GENNARI, S.M.; FEIJÓ, F.M.C.; AMÓRA, S.S.A.; PEIXOTO, G.C.X.

    2010-01-01

    Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were evaluated in greater rheas (Rhea americana) from the Reproduction Centre for Wild Animals located at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, by the modified agglutination test (MAT ≥25). It was verified that, from the 69 examined birds, 4.3% (three rheas) tested positive. The research about ratites toxoplasmoses are scarce, this way, the results showed the importance of the T. gondii diagnosis ...

  8. Vozes afro-americanas: a alteridade em suas várias faces

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    Maria Nazareth Soares Fonseca

    1996-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo pretende refletir sobre a presença de imagens que anunciam, em textos literários produzidos na América Latina, a recuperação da cultura africana e sua importância na construção de discursos sobre a alteridade do continente.

  9. Specific B-cell Epitope of Per a 1: A Major Allergen of American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and Anatomical Localization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sookrung, Nitat; Khetsuphan, Thanyathon; Chaisri, Urai; Indrawattana, Nitaya; Reamtong, Onrapak; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee

    2014-07-01

    Cockroach (CR) is a common source of indoor allergens, and Per a 1 is a major American CR (Periplaneta americana) allergen; however, several attributes of this protein remain unknown. This study identifies a novel specific B cell epitope and anatomical locations of Per a 1.0105. Recombinant Per a 1.0105 (rPer a 1.0105) was used as BALB/c mouse immunogen for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The MAb specific B cell epitope was identified by determining phage mimotopic peptides and pair-wise alignment of the peptides with the rPer a 1.0105 amino acid sequence. Locations of the Per a 1.0105 in P. americana were investigated by immunohistochemical staining. The rPer a 1.0105 (~13 kDa) had 100%, 98% and ≥90% identity to Per a 1.0105, Per a 1.0101, and Cr-PII, respectively. The B-cell epitope of the Per a 1.0105 specific-MAb was located at residues(99) QDLLLQLRDKGV(110) contained in all 5 Per a 1.01 isoforms and Per a 1.02. The epitope was analogous to the Bla g 1.02 epitope; however, this B-cell epitope was not an IgE inducer. Per a 1.0105 was found in the midgut and intestinal content of American CR but not in the other organs. The amount of the Per a 1 was ~544 ℃g per gram of feces. The novel Per a 1 B-cell epitope described in this study is a useful target for allergen quantification in samples; however, the specific MAb can be used as an allergen detection reagent. The MAb based-affinity resin can be made for allergen purification, and the so-purified protein can serve as a standard and diagnostic allergen as well as a therapeutic vaccine component. The finding that the Per a 1 is contained in the midgut and feces is useful to increase yield and purity when preparing this allergen.

  10. Anti Lithiasis Activity of Avocado (Persea americana Mill Leaves Extract in White Male Rats

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    IETJE WIENTARSIH

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available In Indonesia, avocado leaves have been used as traditional medicines for diureticum to cure urolithiasis. This research was to determine anti lithiasis activity of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill extract on white male rats nefrolithiasis model induced by ethylene glycol. Ethanol extraction method was used to get extract of avogadro leaves. Twenty adult male white rats were divided into 4 different induction treatments i.e. aquadest, ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 2%, and extract of avocado leaves with different levels of 100 and 300 mg/kg bw respectively. Their body weight was measured daily to determine their growth ratio. And at the end of the trial, the kidney was analyzed its calcium level and inhibitory activity to formation of calcium oxalate crystals. The results showed that the amount of calcium level in the kidney of rats treated with extract of avogadro leaves was significantly decreased than that of rats treated with ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 2% (P < 0.05. The extract avocado leaves as a herbal remedy can be recommended as a phytotherapeutic agent especially for preventive action for urolithiasis diseases.

  11. GIBBERELLINS, FUNGICIDES AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON THE GERMINATION OF Genipa americana L. (RUBIACEAE SEEDS

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    Fábio de Almeida Vieira

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this paper was to verify the effect of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3 (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg.L-1, of fungicides of the groups chemical benzimidazol (0, 25, 50 and 100 g.L-1 and ditiocarbamato (0, 1,25, 2,50 and 5,00 g.L-1 on seed germination. Viability of those seeds was evaluated through germination tests at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse. The experimental design was fully randomized one, with five replicates per treatment. The traits evaluated were emergence and index of emergence speed. The treatment with GA3 didn't provide significant so much differences among the germination rates as well as for the emergence speed. It was verified that the use of the fungicides in smaller concentrations (25 g.L-1 of benzimidazol and 1,25 g.L-1 of ditiocarbamato promoted a better germination speed. The seeds of G. americana possess viability period relatively short, with germination absence 60 days period of storage, and it could be associated to the humidity tenors presented by the seeds in this period.

  12. Uso de corpora na formação de tradutores Using corpora in translator training

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    Antonio P. Berber Sardinha

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho aborda a questão do uso de corpora na formação de tradutores, enfocando mais especificamente a questão da conscientização. O trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre o papel de corpora na tradução, sua aplicabilidade na formação profissional, e sua importância para o melhor conhecimento da constituição da linguagem. São oferecidos dois exemplos de análises, detalhadas a fim de serem aplicáveis em contextos em que haja poucos recursos de infraestrutura. As análises centram-se em pesquisas sobre as escolhas lingüísticas de um texto jornalístico traduzido para o português, e da versão brasileira de um slogan de uma campanha publicitária americana. É sugerido que essas atividades possam ser desenvolvidas com alunos de tradução, de tal modo que elas forneçam condições para que os alunos, ao explorarem corpora eletrônicos, possam se conscientizar da complexidade e da especificidade das escolhas lingüísticas envolvidas no processo tradutório.This paper tackles the issue of using corpora in translator training, focussing more specifically on the question of awareness raising. The paper presents a discussion on the role of corpora in translation, their applicability in professional development, and their importance in leading to a better understanding of how language is constituted. Two example analyses are offered and detailed, so that they are applicable to contexts in which computational resources are scarce. The analyses center around the linguistic choices in a translated newspaper text and in the Brazilian version of a slogan from an American advertising campaign. It is suggested that these activities may be carried out with translation students, in such a way that they enable students, while they explore electronic corpora, to become aware of both the complexity and the specificity of the linguistic choices involved in the process of translation.

  13. Wirkungen biogener Amine auf die Erregungs-Sekretions-Kopplung in der Speicheldrüse von Periplaneta americana (L.)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rietdorf, Katja

    2003-07-01

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit habe ich wichtige Teilmechanismen der Erregungs-Sekretionskopplung in der Speicheldrüse der Schabe Periplaneta americana (L.) untersucht. Die Speicheldrüse ist von dopaminergen und serotonergen Fasern innerviert (Baumann et al., 2002). Beide Transmitter stimulieren eine unterschiedliche Reaktion der Drüse: Dopamin (DA) stimuliert die P-Zellen der Acini und die Ausführgangzellen, während Serotonin (5-HT) die P- und C-Zellen der Acini stimuliert, nicht jedoch die Ausführgangzellen. Der Endspeichel ist nach einer DA-Stimulierung proteinfrei. Dagegen enthält er nach einer 5-HT-Stimulierung Proteine, die von den C-Zellen sezerniert werden (Just & Walz, 1996). Im ersten Teil meiner Arbeit habe ich mittels Kapillarelektrophoretischer Analyse (CE-Analyse) die Elektrolytkonzentrationen im Endspeichel untersucht sowie die Raten der Flüssigkeitssekretion gemessen. Damit wollte ich klären, welche Transporter an der Sekretion des Primärspeichels und an dessen Modifikation beteiligt sind. Ausserdem wollte ich die Rolle der transportaktiven Epithelzellen der Ausführgänge für die Modifikation des Primärspeichels untersuchen. Dafür habe ich einen Vergleich der Elektrolytkonzentrationen im DA- und 5-HT-stimulierten Endspeichel durchgeführt. Der Elektrolytgehalt des DA- und 5-HT-stimulierten Endspeichels unterscheidet sich nicht signifikant voneinander. Er ist nach beiden Stimulierungen hypoosmotisch zum verwendeten Ringer. Die Ausführgangzellen werden durch DA stimuliert und modifizieren den Primärspeichel durch eine netto-Ionenreabsorption. Meine Versuche zeigen jedoch, dass auch die während einer 5-HT-Stimulierung der Drüse unstimulierten Ausführgangzellen den Primärspeichel modifizieren. In einer nachfolgenden Versuchsreihe habe ich den Einfluss von Ouabain, einem Hemmstoff der Na+-K+-ATPase, und Bumetanid, einem Hemmstoff des NKCC, auf die Raten der Flüssigkeitssekretion sowie den Elektrolytgehalt des Endspeichels untersucht. Ich

  14. Redes intelectuais hispano-americanas na Argentina de 1920 Hispano-american intellectual networks during 1920's in Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina R. Vasquez

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo se propõe a investigar as conexões entre Reforma Universitária e vanguarda estética na Argentina dos anos de 1920, enfocando principalmente a rede de ligações, interesses e contatos que a vanguarda recebe (recolhe da experiência reformista. Para tanto, privilegiou-se a análise da revista Martín Fierro (1924-1927 com o propósito de mostrar que, entre a vocação cosmopolita da revista e a busca de um novo nacionalismo cultural, pode-se reconhecer nessa publicação uma particular afirmação do tópico americanista. Tomado em um sentido que rejeita uma definição essencialista do "ser americano", o americanismo - como horizonte de referências e contatos - será apresentado como um dos tópicos que contribuem positivamente para resolver alguns dos dilemas da vanguarda estética dos anos de 1920.I have intended, in this article, to investigate the connections between the higher education reformation and the aesthetic avant-garde movement of the twenties in Argentina. I focused on the influence the reformist experience, specially its net of connections, interests and contacts, had over the avant-garde movement. In order to do that I chose to analyze the Martín Fierro (1924-1927 magazine showing that in between the magazine's cosmopolitan vocation and the search for a new cultural nationalism we can recognize a particular statement of the topic of Americanism. Rejecting the essentialist definition of what "being American" means, the Americanism, as a referential point, will be presented as one of the themes that have positively contributed to the solving of some of the dilemmas aroused by the aesthetic avant-garde movement of the twenties.

  15. Diversidad de los Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares asociados a plantas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.), en un agroecosistema del Estado de Michoacán.

    OpenAIRE

    GÓMEZ DORANTES, NÚRIA

    2012-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio para identificar las especies de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) asociados al suelo y al interior de las raíces de plantas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) en una huerta denominada las Parrillas en la región aguacatera del Estado de Michoacán, México. Cinco árboles de aguacate establecidos en un diseño completamente al azar fueron muestreados, mostrando altos porcentajes de colonización micorrízica al interior de las raíces (>94%) sin prese...

  16. EQUIPES VIRTUAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA NA AMÉRICA LATINA

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    Armando Terribili Filho

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudo de caso que apresenta um projeto internacional de implantação de novos processos de negócios com suporte de sistemas de informação em empresa multinacional norte-americana com utilização de equipes virtuais sediadas em São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Bogotá e Cidade do México. A metodologia utilizada o desenvolvimento deste artigo constituiu-se de levantamento bibliográfico e coleta, agrupamento e análise de dados. Este projeto teve três fatores-chave na sua execução: primeiro, foi a seleção, disponibilização e uso das tecnologias adequadas; o segundo fator, a comunicação, com Plano de Comunicação desenvolvido em parceria com a Área de Marketing da empresa; e o terceiro fator, a gestão de pessoas, atribuindo prioridade aos aspectos culturais, como: idioma, feriados, horário de trabalho e rotinas locais. O costumeiro atraso dos participantes para as reuniões de progresso do projeto foi um dos maiores obstáculos superados no curso do projeto.

  17. CRENÇAS RELIGIOSAS, FANATISMO E SECULARIDADE NA AMÉRICA LATINA

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    João Batista Libânio

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available A trajetória da religiosidade na América Latina parte do catolicismo popular tradicional que se radicou no profundo do povo por obra da primeira evangelização. Caracterizou-se por valorizar os milagres, as promessas, a devoção a Nossa Senhora e aos santos, com traços penitenciais, de caráter leigo, familiar, com enorme tolerância moral. Depois a reforma romana no espírito do Concílio de Trento se fez valer a partir da 2ª metade do século XIX. Some-se um messianismo mágico que existe até hoje sob diversas formas. A renovação profunda veio com o Concílio Vaticano II. A versão latino-americana, original, da libertação se forjou em Medellín com continuidade moderada em Puebla. No momento atual, experimenta-se explosão religiosa polimorfa. E para fechar o itinerário, a V Conferência dos Bispos em Aparecida convoca os católicos para uma experiência de encontro pessoal com Cristo na Igreja na esperança de se converterem em discípulos missionários. No horizonte está a expectativa de uma Grande Missão Continental. ABSTRACT: Latin America religiosity begins with popular Catholicism which is rooted deep down in people’s soul by the work of the first evangelization. It characterizes by emphasizing miracles, vows, devotion to Our Lady and saints, with penitential traces, laity character, familial mindset, moral tolerance. In the spirit of the Trent council later in the second half of 19th century the Roman reform prevailed. Under many forms magic Messianic movements exist even today. A profound renovation arises with the second Vatican council. Its Latin America original version of liberation was forged in Medellín with moderate continuation in Puebla. In the current moment there is an explosion of multifaceted religious experience. And to close the journey, the 5th Conference of Bishops in Aparecida calls Catholics to have an experience of personal encounter with Christ in the Church in the hope of converting them into

  18. Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill) exhibits chemo-protective potentiality against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocyte culture.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paul, Rajkumar; Kulkarni, Paresh; Ganesh, Narayan

    2011-01-01

    Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with reduced risks for many types of cancers. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a widely consumed fruit containing many cancer preventing nutrients, vitamins and phytochemicals. Studies have shown that phytochemicals extracted from the avocado fruit selectively induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit growth, and induce apoptosis in precancerous and cancer cell lines. Our recent studies indicate that phytochemicals extracted with 50% Methanol from avocado fruits help in proliferation of human lymphocyte cells and decrease chromosomal aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide. Among three concentrations (100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg per Kg Body Weight), the most effective conc. of extract was 200 mg/Kg Body Wt. It decreased significant level of numerical and structural aberrations (breaks, premature centromeric division etc. up to 88%, p avocado fruit can be utilized for making active chemoprotective ingredient for lowering the side effect of chemotherapy like cyclophosphamide in cancer therapy.

  19. Profiling LC-DAD-ESI-TOF MS method for the determination of phenolic metabolites from avocado (Persea americana).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hurtado-Fernández, Elena; Carrasco-Pancorbo, Alegría; Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alberto

    2011-03-23

    A powerful HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF MS method was established for the efficient identification of the chemical constituents in the methanolic extracts of avocado (Persea americana). Separation and detection conditions were optimized by using a standard mix containing 39 compounds belonging to phenolic acids and different categories of flavonoids, analytes that could be potentially present in the avocado extracts. Optimum LC separation was achieved on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 analytical column (4.6×150 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) by gradient elution with water+acetic acid (0.5%) and acetonitrile as mobile phases, at a flow rate of 1.6 mL/min. The detection was carried out by ultraviolet-visible absorption and ESI-TOF MS. The developed method was applied to the study of 3 different varieties of avocado, and 17 compounds were unequivocally identified with standards. Moreover, around 25 analytes were tentatively identified by taking into account the accuracy and isotopic information provided by TOF MS.

  20. Identification of avocado (Persea americana) pulp proteins by nano-LC-MS/MS via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Esteve, Clara; D'Amato, Alfonsina; Marina, María Luisa; García, María Concepción; Righetti, Pier Giorgio

    2012-09-01

    Avocado (Persea americana) proteins have been scarcely studied despite their importance, especially in food related allergies. The proteome of avocado pulp was explored in depth by extracting proteins with capture by combinatorial peptide ligand libraries at pH 7.4 and under conditions mimicking reverse-phase capture at pH 2.2. The total number of unique gene products identified amounts to 1012 proteins, of which 174 are in common with the control, untreated sample, 190 are present only in the control and 648 represent the new species detected via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries of all combined eluates and likely represent low-abundance proteins. Among the 1012 proteins, it was possible to identify the already known avocado allergen Pers a 1 and different proteins susceptible to be allergens such as a profilin, a polygalacturonase, a thaumatin-like protein, a glucanase, and an isoflavone reductase like protein. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Utilização da reação de imunofluorescência indireta no acompanhamento da terapêutica da leishmaniose tegumentar americana'

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    Wilson Jacinto Silva de Souza

    1982-09-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudados 17 indivíduos cujas idades variaram de 2 a 78 anos, procedentes da área endêmica de Jacarepaguá (RJ, com diagnóstico clínico, epidemiológico, imunológico e parasitológico de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Todos foram tratados pelo antimoniato de N-metilglucamina na dose de 60 mg/kg/dia em três séries de 10 dias de duração, com 10 dias de intervalo entre cada série e submetidos à coleta e sangue venoso para a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (IF-IgG antes, durante e após o medicamento. Estes 17 indivíduos foram reatores a intradermorreação de Montenegro (= 5 mm e soro-reagentes (= 1:45 na IF-1gG, sendo que em 6 deles (31,7% foi demonstrado ou isolado Leishmania braziliensis. A positividade da IF-IgG antes do tratamento foi de 76,4% (13 casos com título = 1:90. As médias geométricas das recíprocas dos títulos antes da primeira série do antimonial (89,9, durante o tratamento (63,6 a 29,3 e 10, 30 e 120 dias após medicação, mostraram uma graduação nitidamente decrescente (14,9;2,1 e 1,2, respectivamente. Todos tiveram suas lesões cicatrizadas ao final do tratamento sendo maior o número de cicatrizações após a 2°série. Somente 120 dias após a terapêutica, foram observados títulos abaixo de 1:45 na quase todalidade dos pacientes (16 casos - 94,1% sugerindo que, na utilização da IF-IgG como controle de cura, faz-se necessário um acompanhamento sorológico de no mínimo 3 a 4 meses.Seventeen persons, from 2 to 78 years of age, with clinical, epidemiological,immunological and parasitological diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis, were studied. All came from the endemic area of Jacarepaguá, a suburb of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The patients were treated with n-methylglucanine antimonate, using a dosage of 60 mg/kg/day, in three series of ten days duration each series, with intervals of ten days between each series, venous blood samples having been taken for the indirect

  2. Determinação de ferro (III em produtos farmacêuticos por titulação fotométrica = Determination of iron (III in pharmaceutical products by photometric titration

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    Airton Vicente Pereira

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve a montagem de um sistema de titulacao fotometrica simples e de baixo custo para a determinacao de ferro (III em produtos farmaceuticos. O sistema de titulacao fotometrica foi construido utilizando-se a bomba peristaltica de um espectrofotometro convencional. O procedimento e baseado na titulacao de ferro (III com EDTA e acido salicilico como indicador. A absorcao do complexo ferro (III-acido salicilico foi monitorada espectrofotometricamente em 525 nm. O limite de quantificacao foi de 5 ƒÝg de ferro (III. O procedimento de titulacao fotometrica foi aplicado para a determinacao de ferro (III em amostras contendo sulfato ferroso e hidroxido ferrico polimaltosado. O procedimento mostrou sensibilidade, reprodutibilidade e precisao para a utilizacao em analise rotineira de ferro (III em produtos farmaceuticos.This paper describes a simple, precise and low-cost photometrictitration method for iron (III determination in pharmaceutical preparations. The photometric titration system was constructed using the peristaltic pump of a conventional spectrophotometer. The method is based on titration of iron (III with EDTA using salicylic acid as indicator. The absorption of the iron (III-salicylic acid complex wasmonitored spectrophotometrically at 525 nm. The limit of quantification was 5 ƒÝg of iron (III. The photometric titration procedure was applied for the determination of iron (III in samples of ferrous sulfate and ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex. The procedure showed sensibility, reproducibility and accuracy for use as a method for the routine analysis of iron (III in pharmaceutical formulations.

  3. Intervenções em Dieta e Pressão Arterial na América Latina - Revisão Sistemática e Meta-Análise

    OpenAIRE

    Mazzaro, Caroline Cantalejo; Klostermann, Flávia Caroline; Erbano, Bruna Olandoski; Schio, Nicolle Amboni; Guarita-Souza, Luiz César; Olandoski, Marcia; Faria-Neto, José Rocha; Baena, Cristina Pellegrino

    2014-01-01

    Fundamento: Pressão arterial elevada é o principal fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Baixos índices de controle da pressão arterial em populações latino-americanas reforçam a necessidade de reunir evidências sobre terapias eficazes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito das intervenções de modificações de dietas sobre pressão arterial em populações latino-americanas. Métodos: Revisão sistemática. Foram pesquisadas diversas bases de dados (MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CI...

  4. Agora abaixe o som: UPPS, ordem e música na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciane Soares da Silva

    Full Text Available Desde a década de 70, nas favelas cariocas, boa parte da produção cultural e de entretenimento está diretamente ligada à música negra norte-americana, passando por releituras em sua estrutura rítmica e adaptando as letras para o cenário nacional. A favela tem ocupado um lugar decisivo na produção e consumo musical, principalmente nos bailes funk, ambientes propícios à suspensão dos problemas do cotidiano, interação entre diferentes classes sociais, geração de renda e lócus privilegiado para demonstração do poder das facções. A música, nesse contexto, torna-se importante forma de comunicação e passa a ocupar um lugar central nas discussões sobre ordem urbana. Os dados apresentados são resultado de entrevistas em favelas entre 2005 e 2009, e no retorno a campo em 2012. Serão analisadas letras classificadas como "proibidas", documentos produzidos pelo Estado durante a implantação das UPPS e um número especial da revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais (Ibase sobre o tema.

  5. The taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and the red brocket deer (Mazama americana) as intermediate hosts of Taenia hydatigena in Peru, morphological and molecular evidence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gomez-Puerta, Luis A; Pacheco, Joel; Gonzales-Viera, Omar; Lopez-Urbina, Maria T; Gonzalez, Armando E

    2015-09-15

    In the present report metacestodes were collected from the mesentery of a taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and from the omentum of a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) in Peru. Various metacestodes parameters, including rostellar hook characteristics, were measured. Molecular analysis was performed to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene from metacestode isolates. Metacestodes were identified as T. hydatigena by morphology and molecular methods. This constitutes the first molecular detection of T. hydatigena metacestodes in the taruca and the red brocket deer and demonstrates that these animal species are natural intermediate hosts for this parasite. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Apropiación y alienación: consideraciones hermenéutico-existenciales a propósito de la Pastoral americana de Philip Roth

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    Germán Darío Vélez López

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Partiendo de una formulación básica de algunos elementos relevantes de la hermenéutica fenomenológica de Heidegger, el presente artículo propone una lectura de la obra del escritor norteamericano Philip Roth titulada Pastoral americana, que lo hizo acreedor al premio Pulitzer en 1989. El propósito cen- tral de esa lectura consiste en mostrar de qué manera fenómenos existenciales elementales como estar-lejos (Wegsein, estar-despierto (Wachsein, estar-ahí (Dasein permiten una articulación propia del sentido de la obra de Roth en la que ésta manifiesta su particular compromiso existencial.

  7. Purification and characterization of peroxidase from avocado (Persea americana Mill, cv. Hass).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rojas-Reyes, José O; Robles-Olvera, Victor; Carvajal-Zarrabal, Octavio; Castro Matinez, Claudia; Waliszewski, Krzysztof N; Aguilar-Uscanga, María Guadalupe

    2014-07-01

    Avocado (Persea americana Mill, cv. Hass) fruit ranks tenth in terms of the most important products for Mexico. Avocado products are quite unstable due to the presence of oxidative enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. The present study is to characterize the activity of purified avocado peroxidase from avocado in order to ascertain the biochemical and kinetic properties and their inhibition conditions. Purification was performed by Sephacryl S 200 HR gel filtration chromatography and its estimated molecular weight was 40 kDa. The zymogram showed an isoelectric point of 4.7. Six substrates were tested in order to ascertain the affinity of the enzyme for these substrates. The purified peroxidase was found to have low Km (0.296 mM) and high catalytic efficiency (2688 mM(-1) s(-1)) using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), optimum activity being reached at 51°C, pH 3.8. The addition of dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, ascorbic acid, sodium azide, L-cysteine and Tween-20 had high inhibitory effects, while metals ions such as Cu(+), Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) had weak inhibitory activity on purified avocado peroxidase. The purified avocado peroxidase exhibits high inhibition (Ki = 0.37 µM) with 1.97 µM n-propyl gallate using ABTS as substrate at 51°C, pH 3.8 for 10 min. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

  8. Estudo de dois anos com animais reservatórios em área de ocorrência de leishmaniose tegumentar americana humana em bairro de urbanização antiga na cidade de Manaus-AM, Brasil Two year study of reservoir animals in an old urban area with cutaneous Leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of Manaus-AM, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Os autores descrevem o resultado de dois anos de investigação de um foco de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA, ocorrida em área urbanizada em um conjunto habitacional na cidade da Manaus-AM. Chama atenção o fato de que este não é o padrão de ocorrência de surtos da doença na região, e sim interrupção da transmissão após urbanização. Foram investigados os animais considerados reservatórios em potencial para a leishmaniose em domicílios humanos e em áreas de floresta adjacentes. Foram testados anticorpos contra Leishmania spp em amostras de sangue de cães e detectada reatividade pela reação de imunofluorescencia indireta em oito (20,51 % dos examinados. Entre os animais silvestres examinados a espécie Didelphis marsupialis foi predominante, com 20 exemplares capturados, sendo encontrados homoflagelados em três destes e lesões suspeitas de leishmaniose cutanea em dois. Acredita-se que um assentamento populacional desordenado ocorrido nas adjacências tenha causado o deslocamento das populações de vetores e reservatórios naturais em direção às casas do conjunto Hiléia propiciando o surto.This is the result of a two year follow-up of a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL foci in the Hileia urban neighborhood in Manaus. It is important to point out that this is not the usual pattern of Leishmaniasis occurrence in this area. The authors investigated the animal potential reservoir in households and in the surrounding forest area. Samples were tested for leishmaniasis antibodies by RIFI. Eight (20.51% of the examined domestic dogs showed reactivity. In captured wild animals, the Didelphis marsupialis was predominant in twenty specimens, three with homoflagelated in the blood and two with suspicious cutaneous lesions. We believe that the disordered population growth in the nearby area pushed the population of vectors and natural reservoir toward the homes in the Heleia neighborhood creating conditions for this outbreak.

  9. Intelectuais e imprensa: a configuração de uma rede hispano-americana no espaço atlântico Intellectuals and press: the configuration of an Hispanic-American network in the Atlantic space

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    José Luis Bendicho Beired

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo trata da configuração de uma rede intelectual de dimensão internacional que uniu a América Latina e a Península Ibérica, a partir de meados do século XIX. Objetivamos analisar o papel dos intelectuais e órgãos de imprensa na formação dessa rede e discutir suas idéias e projetos, à luz do contexto político e do debate cultural. Consideramos que a ação dos intelectuais e da imprensa contribuiu para a configuração de um espaço singular de circulação de idéias e de formação de uma opinião pública ibero-americana.This article deals with the development of an intellectual network of international dimension that joined Latin America and Iberian Peninsula, from mid-nineteenth century. We aimed to analyze the role of intellectuals and the media in the formation of this network and discuss their ideas and political projects, in the light of the political and cultural debate. We consider that the action of intellectuals and the press contributed to the setting of a singular espace of circulation of ideas and the formation of Ibero-American public opinion.

  10. Endoparasites of American marten (Martes americana: Review of the literature and parasite survey of reintroduced American marten in Michigan

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    Maria C. Spriggs

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The American marten (Martes americana was reintroduced to both the Upper (UP and northern Lower Peninsula (NLP of Michigan during the 20th century. This is the first report of endoparasites of American marten from the NLP. Faeces from live-trapped American marten were examined for the presence of parasitic ova, and blood samples were obtained for haematocrit evaluation. The most prevalent parasites were Capillaria and Alaria species. Helminth parasites reported in American marten for the first time include Eucoleus boehmi, hookworm, and Hymenolepis and Strongyloides species. This is the first report of shedding of Sarcocystis species sporocysts in an American marten and identification of 2 coccidian parasites, Cystoisospora and Eimeria species. The pathologic and zoonotic potential of each parasite species is discussed, and previous reports of endoparasites of the American marten in North America are reviewed.

  11. Potential risk to wood storks (Mycteria americana) from mercury in Carolina Bay fish

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brant, H.A.; Jagoe, C.H.; Snodgrass, J.W.; Bryan, A.L.; Gariboldi, J.C.

    2002-01-01

    Fish mercury levels from some Carolina bays pose risk to wood stork. - Carolina bays are freshwater wetlands that serve as important feeding habitats for the endangered wood stork (Mycteria americana). Water levels in these bays fluctuate greatly and tend to be acidic and rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), factors that favor mercury (Hg) methylation and bioaccumulation in fish. To assess potential risks to wood storks consuming mercury contaminated fish in bays, we sampled fish from 10 bays on the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, an area with documented use by wood storks. Whole body mercury concentrations in 258 fishes of three species (Erimyzon sucetta, Acantharchus pomotis and Esox americanus) commonly consumed by wood storks were determined. Risk factors for nestlings and free-ranging adults were calculated using published no and lowest observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC and LOAEC) values for birds. Fish from higher trophic levels and those from wetlands with relatively shallow maximum depths and fluctuating water levels were more likely to exceed NOAEC and LOAEC values. Calculation of exposure rates of nestling wood storks indicated they are at highest risk during the first 10 days of the nestling period. These calculations suggest that there is potential concern for wood storks foraging in relatively shallow bays with fluctuating water levels, even though there is no obvious local source of mercury to these wetlands

  12. Microsatellite markers in avocado (Persea americana Mill.): genealogical relationships among cultivated avocado genotypes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ashworth, V E T M; Clegg, M T

    2003-01-01

    Twenty-five microsatellite markers uniquely differentiated 35 avocado cultivars and two wild relatives. Average heterozygosity was high (60.7%), ranging from 32% in P. steyermarkii to 84% in Fuerte and Bacon. In a subset of 15 cultivars, heterozygosity averaged 63.5% for microsatellites, compared to 41.8% for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). A neighbor-joining tree, according to average shared allele distances, consisted of three clusters likely corresponding to the botanical races of avocado and intermediate clusters uniting genotypes of presumably racially hybrid origin. Several results were at odds with existing botanical assignments that are sometimes rendered difficult by incomplete pedigree information, the complexity of the hybrid status (multiple backcrossing), or both. For example, cv. Harvest clustered with the Guatemalan race cultivars, yet it is derived from the Guatemalan x Mexican hybrid cv. Gwen. Persea schiedeana grouped with cv. Bacon. The rootstock G875 emerged as the most divergent genotype in our data set. Considerable diversity was found particularly among accessions from Guatemala, including G810 (West Indian race), G6 (Mexican race), G755A (hybrid Guatemalan x P. schiedeana), and G875 (probably not P. americana). Low bootstrap support, even upon exclusion of (known) hybrid genotypes from the data matrix, suggests the existence of ancient hybridization or that the botanical races originated more recently than previously thought.

  13. SHIFTER NO CINEMA: O HOMEM E O ANIMAL EM CENA

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    Ana Lucía Machado da Silva

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Shifter é um termo empregado na literatura paranormal americana para referir àpersonagem que se transforma em animal. Essa literatura passou a influenciar ocinema, como visto na série Crepúsculo (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 e em A garotada capa vermelha (2011. Com base na pergunta até que ponto a condição shifter leva auma abertura para a animalidade, a discussão fundamenta-se nos Estudos Animais ebusca caracterizar a personagem shifter, bem como comparar essa personagem com ametamorfose ocorrida no filme ícone A marca da pantera, da versão de 1982.

  14. Plantio direto de alface americana sobre plantas de cobertura dessecadas ou roçadas

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    Andréia Cristina Silva Hirata

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o plantio direto de alface americana no verão sobre plantas de cobertura dessecadas ou roçadas em cultivos sucessivos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Álvares Machado, São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. O fator da parcela principal foram dois manejos das plantas de cobertura (dessecadas com herbicida ou roçadas e as subparcelas, seis espécies de plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan cv. IAPAR 43, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Mucuna pruriens, Pennisetum glaucum e vegetação natural, além da testemunha sem plantas de cobertura. O manejo roçado apresentou desempenho inferior no primeiro cultivo da alface, todavia não diferiu do manejo químico no segundo cultivo. A cobertura do solo com mucuna apresentou maior produtividade da alface no primeiro cultivo devido ao excesso de palha das demais coberturas, o qual prejudicou o estabelecimento da alface. No segundo cultivo não houve diferenças entre as coberturas. A roçagem de plantas de cobertura é uma opção viável para plantio direto de alface sem herbicidas.

  15. Morphogenesis of the rhea (Rhea americana respiratory system in different embryonic and foetal stages

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    Renata P. Sousa

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The rhea (Rhea americana is an important wild species that has been highlighted in national and international livestock. This research aims to analyse embryo-foetal development in different phases of the respiratory system of rheas. Twenty-three embryos and foetuses were euthanized, fixed and dissected. Fragments of the respiratory system, including the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, syrinx, bronchi and lungs, were collected and processed for studies using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nasal cavity presented cubic epithelium in the early stages of development. The larynx exhibited typical respiratory epithelium between 27 and 31 days. The trachea showed early formation of hyaline cartilage after 15 days. Syrinx in the mucous membrane of 18-day foetuses consisted of ciliated epithelium in the bronchial region. The main bronchi had ciliated epithelium with goblet cells in the syringeal region. In the lung, the parabronchial stage presented numerous parabronchi between 15 and 21 days. This study allowed the identification of normal events that occur during the development of the rhea respiratory system, an important model that has not previously been described. The information generated here will be useful for the diagnosis of pathologies that affect this organic system, aimed at improving captive production systems.

  16. Aplicabilidade do Teste de Ativação de Monócitos (MAT no Brasil: importância da sua utilização como teste para detecção de pirogênios no controle da qualidade de produtos injetáveis | Applicability of the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT in Brazil: the importance of its use as a test for the detection of pyrogens in the quality control of injectable products

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Caldeira da Silva

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available O MAT (sigla do inglês Monocyte Activation Test é considerado um potencial substituto do Teste de Pirogênios, entretanto: i. não foi avaliado para um número suficiente de produtos; ii. faltam dados que possam garantir sua capacidade em detectar pirogênios não endotoxinas; e iii. deve ser realizada a validação do método para cada classe de produtos. O objetivo foi identificar as monografias que requerem testes de pirogenicidade e propor os produtos que têm por base somente o teste de pirogênios como um ponto de partida para futuros estudos. As monografias específicas nas Farmacopeias Americana, Europeia e Brasileira que recomendam o Teste de Pirogênios ou Teste de Endotoxina Bacteriana ou LAL (sigla do inglês Limulus Amebocyte Lysate foram: Teste de Pirogênios: 20 monografias na Americana, 37 na Europeia e 28 na Brasileira. LAL: 619 monografias na Americana, 157 na Europeia e 41 na Brasileira. Somente quatro produtos requerem testes de pirogenicidade nas três farmacopeias analisadas. O Teste de Pirogênios e LAL são recomendados em seis monografias na Brasileira e 15 na Europeia. Na Brasileira, a maior parte dessas monografias é referente a produtos biológicos, sugerindo, assim, que estes devam ser os primeiros a ser testados, uma vez que são ensaiados em animais. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monocyte Activation Test (MAT is thought to be a good replacement for rabbit pyrogen test (RPT; however, MAT remains controversial. MAT was not adequately evaluated in a sufficient number of products, and there is no sufficient data that support the ability of MAT to detect non-endotoxin pyrogens. Furthermore, MAT was used subject to validation for each specific product. The aim of this study was to identify in main pharmacopoeias, whose monographs require pyrogenicity tests, and propose those products for which only the rabbit pyrogen test is required to be used as a

  17. Utilização de ferramentas de análise espacial na vigilância epidemiológica de leishmaniose visceral americana - Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, 1998-1999 Use of spatial analysis tools in the epidemiological surveillance of American visceral leishmaniasis, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, 1998-1999

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    Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available O controle da Leishmaniose Visceral Americana (LVA está fundamentado no combate ao vetor e na eliminação do reservatório doméstico da área de foco - 200 metros em torno do caso humano ou canino. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a utilização de técnicas de análise espacial na vigilância epidemiológica da LVA no Município de Araçatuba, São Paulo, buscando estabelecer um modelo de vigilância epidemiológica em base territorial, redirecionando as estratégias de controle atualmente adotadas. Verificou-se que a transmissão da LVA não foi homogênea no município: a transmissão humana ocorreu nas áreas com maiores taxas de prevalência canina. A dispersão do vetor parece restrita a poucos domicílios, embora não tenha sido possível estabelecer um perfil da densidade vetorial. Visando estudar a distribuição do vetor e variáveis correlacionadas está sendo realizado estudo de campo por amostragem de domicílios, que permitirá o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de análise espacial e, possivelmente, permitirá redefinir as propostas de controle da endemia em ambiente urbano.The control of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL is based on combating the vector and eliminating the domestic reservoir of the focus area - defined as 200 meters around human or canine cases. This paper discusses the use of spatial analysis techniques in the epidemiological surveillance of AVL in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, in order to propose a model for territorial epidemiological surveillance, reformulating current control strategies. The results showed that AVL transmission was not homogeneous; human cases were more frequent in areas with higher canine prevalence rates. Vector dispersion appeared to be restricted to a few houses, although it was not possible to model the vector density. In order to study the vector distribution and correlated covariates, a field study based on house sampling is being conducted. The results will

  18. Prevención de leishmaniasis cutánea americana en Colombia mediante una intervención múltiple: resultados de un ensayo de grupos aleatorios

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    Carlos A. Rojas

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. La leishmaniasis cutánea americana es endémica en Colombia, donde cada año son notificados aproximadamente 6000 casos nuevos. En la actualidad las medidas de prevención y control están limitadas al diagnóstico y tratamiento de los casos. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención múltiple para prevenir la transmisión de Leishmania en el foco endémico de Tumaco, costa Pacífica de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo de grupos aleatorizados. Veinte veredas fueron pareadas según prevalencia deLeishmania, habitantes y participación comunitaria y luego asignadas aleatoriamente a intervención o control. La intervención incluyó toldillos impregnados con deltametrina, repelente (N, N-dietil-m-toluamida 20% y Permetrina 0,5%, modificación de lugares de reposo para los vectores y educación. Al cabo de un año se comparó la incidencia de infección y enfermedad producida porLeishmania en los dos grupos, se monitorearon la adherencia a la intervención y la aparición de efectos adversos. Los resultados finales fueron ajustados por el efecto de correlación intra-grupo. Resultados. Se presentaron 10 casos de leishmaniasis cutánea americana en el grupo que recibió la intervención y 23 en el grupo control, OR=0,42, IC95% 0,14-1,26. La intervención tuvo un mayor efecto en los niños menores de 10 años, en aquellos que residían en la periferia de la vereda y en veredas con una prevalencia de infección en niños pequeños mayor del 1%. Se reportaron eventos adversos leves asociados con el uso de los toldillos impregnados y el repelente en 2% de los participantes. Conclusión. Los casos nuevos de Leishmaniasis cutánea americana se redujeron en un 58% en el grupo que recibió la intervención. Sin embargo, el número pequeño de casos hace que la estimación de la medida de efecto sea imprecisa y no nos permite afirmar que la intervención tiene un efecto protector. Poblaciones específicas podr

  19. ESTATUS DEL NO NACIDO EN LA CONVENCIÓN AMERICANA: UN EJERCICIO DE INTERPRETACIÓN Status of the unborn in the American convención: an interpretive exercise

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    Álvaro Paúl Díaz

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio interpreta el ambiguo artículo 4.1 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, que dispone que el derecho a la vida deberá protegerse, "en general, a partir del momento de la concepción". Al hacerlo, toma en cuenta diversos sistemas de interpretación, y tiene presente lo registrado en los trabajos preparatorios de la Convención. Asimismo, este estudio analiza lo que la Comisión Interamericana ha resuelto en esta materia, evaluando el valor de tales decisiones. Este artículo concluye que, si bien una de las posibles interpretaciones de la Convención Americana sostiene que ella toleraría ciertas legislaciones nacionales que permitan el aborto en circunstancias excepcionales, ella declara la personalidad del nasciturus.This study interprets the ambiguous Article 4(1 of the American Convention on Human Rights, which establishes that life shall be protected "in general, from the moment of conception". When doing so, it pays attention to different interpretive systems, and takes into account what is recorded in the travaux préparatoires of the Convention. Likewise, this study analyzes what the Inter-American Commission has determined on this issue, and assesses the value of those decisions. This article concludes that, even though one of the possible interpretations of the American Convention affirms that it would tolerate domestic legislations providing for abortion in exceptional circumstances, it declares the unborn's personhood.

  20. Caracterización de algunos rasgos vegetativos y reproductivos en variedades de aguacate, Persea americana Mill.

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    Escandón Gil Gonzalo

    1989-12-01

    Full Text Available En Palmira (Colombia entre 1984 y 1988 se caracterizó la colección de aguacate, Persia americana Mili. Se halló la ecuación de regresión AF = 89.25 + 0.60 (La -144, R2= 98.58 %, que permite estimar el área foliar (AF con el producto largo por ancho de las hojas (A. Las variedades Mayapan, Oriente 1, Oriente 3, Simonds y los materiales 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 presentaron épocas de floración definidas, Trinidad y Material 2 presentaron floraciones bajas pero continuas. El porcentaje de flores que llegó a frutos osciló entre 0.03 % para Oriente 3 y 0.57 % para Trinidad. La mayor pérdida de estructuras reproductivas ocurrió en los primeros días de floración. El modelo logístico no describió correctamente el desarrollo de los frutos, por esto se utilizó el modelo de línea recta por fases. Los materiales 2 y 5 presentaron 105mayores pesos de frutos (621 y 626 g; el de menor peso fue Booth 8. La pérdida de peso del fruto durante la maduración fluctuó entre 3.5 Y 12.8 % para el material 2 y Oriente 3 respectivamente. Los materiales de mayor aceptación por la presentación del fruto y sabor fueron los materiales 1, 2 y 5.A collection of avocado, Persea americana Mill, was characterized in Palmira (Colombia between1984 and 1988. It was found that regretion equation AF = 89.25 + 0.60 (LA-144, R2 = 98.58 %, allows to estimate the foliar area with the product length x width of the leaves. The Mayapan, Oriente 1, Oriente 3, Simmonds and Materia.1 2,3,4,5,6, varieties showed defined blooming time, Trinidad and Material 2 showed low and continue blooming times. The percentajes of flowers that matured in fruit fluctuated between 0.03 % of Oriente 3 and 0.57 % for Trinidad. The greater loss proportion of reproductive structures occurred during the first days of flowering. The logistic model did not describe the right developments of fruits, that is why a straight line model by stages was used. Material 2 and 5 showed the greatest fruit weights during

  1. As empresas em sociedades contemporâneas: a responsabilidade social no Norte e no Sul

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    Paola Cappellin

    Full Text Available Neste artigo a difusão do lema da responsabilidade social é resgatada pela analise de três percursos internacionais: EUA, Brasil e União Européia. No primeiro caso, a vasta literatura sociológica americana relata as preocupações e as pressões de diferentes atores sociais dirigidas às empresas americanas, ao longo dos anos 1960. No Brasil, as primeiras elaborações provêm de associações empresariais nos meados dos anos 60 e se ampliam justo quando a sociedade, no fim dos anos 1990, demanda prosseguir na direção a integrar o compromisso da aplicação das normas e direitos do trabalho. Na União Européia, o lema da responsabilidade social é introduzido nos finais dos anos 1990 envolvendo o compromisso de fazer retroagir a alta taxa de desemprego estrutural. Na última seção, a análise comparativa internacional sugere recompor o quadro dos diversos conteúdos da responsabilidade social a partir da grande questão que está em debate nas sociedades: recompor o compromisso de fortalecimento do vínculo de emprego como fonte de cidadania social.

  2. Perder e recuperar a alma: tendências recentes na psicologia social da religião norte-americana e européia

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    Paiva Geraldo José de

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A palavra alma, do vocabulário religioso e psicológico, desapareceu da linha-mestra da psicologia. Com ela desapareceu o conceito de uma instância essencial da realidade humana. Ao contrário das denotações que identificam alma, espírito e mente e contrapõem alma a corpo, parece possível restituir a articulação originária dessas palavras nas fontes hebraicas da Bíblia, nas expressões idiomáticas das línguas ocidentais e no vocabulário psicológico fundador. Não é o uso da palavra alma, mas a recusa de seu desemprego, que torna interessante para o psicoterapeuta a serviço da alma, a atenção para estudos recentes, norte-americanos e europeus, que tentam restituir à alma sua posição estrutural e dinâmica na psique.

  3. Elevated CO2 increases Cs uptake and alters microbial communities and biomass in the rhizosphere of Phytolacca americana Linn (pokeweed) and Amaranthus cruentus L. (purple amaranth) grown on soils spiked with various levels of Cs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, Ningning; Zhang, Ximei; Wang, Fangli; Zhang, Changbo; Tang, Shirong

    2012-01-01

    General concern about increasing global atmospheric CO 2 levels owing to the ongoing fossil fuel combustion and elevated levels of radionuclides in the environment, has led to growing interest in the responses of plants to interactive effects of elevated CO 2 and radionuclides in terms of phytoremediation and food safety. To assess the combined effects of elevated CO 2 and cesium contamination on plant biomass, microbial activities in the rhizosphere soil and Cs uptake, Phytolacca americana Linn (pokeweed, C3 specie) and Amaranthus cruentus L. (purple amaranth, C4 specie) were grown in pots of soils containing five levels of cesium (0, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg Cs kg −1 ) under two levels of CO 2 (360 and 860 μL L −1 , respectively). Shoot and root biomass of P. americana and Amaranthus crentus was generally higher under elevated CO 2 than under ambient CO 2 for all treatments. Both plant species exhibited higher Cs concentration in the shoots and roots under elevated CO 2 than ambient CO 2 . For P. americana grown at 0, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg Cs kg −1 , the increase magnitude of Cs concentration due to elevated CO 2 was 140, 18, 11, 34 and 15% in the shoots, and 150, 20, 14, 15 and 19% in the roots, respectively. For A. cruentus, the corresponding value was 118, 28, 21, 14 and 17% in the shoots, and 126, 6, 11, 17 and 22% in the roots, respectively. Higher bioaccumulation factors were noted for both species grown under elevated CO 2 than ambient CO 2 . The populations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the microbial C and N in the rhizosphere soils of both species were higher at elevated CO 2 than at ambient CO 2 with the same concentration of Cs. The results suggested that elevated CO 2 significantly affected plant biomass, Cs uptake, soil C and N concentrations, and community composition of soil microbes associated with P. americana and A. cruentus roots. The knowledge gained from this investigation constitutes an important advancement in

  4. Nonhost status of commercial Persea americana 'Hass' to Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina, and Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aluja, Martín; Díaz-Fleischer, Francisco; Arredondo, José

    2004-04-01

    The objective of this study was to determine the host status in Mexico of commercially cultivated and marketed avocado, Persea americana (Mill.), 'Hass' to Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha striata (Schiner) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Experiments in Michoacán, Mexico, were carried out in six orchards located at three altitudes above sea level during two times (August-October 2001 and April-June 2002). They included choice ('Hass' avocado plus natural host) and no-choice foraging behavior tests on trees under field cages; no-choice, forced infestation trials on caged, fruit-bearing branches in the field, and with individual fruit under laboratory conditions; infestation trials using 'Hass' avocados left unprotected over 1 and 7 d on the ground of orchards; studies to ascertain depth of oviposition and determine egg hatchability; and experiments to determine susceptibility by using time elapsed since removal of fruit from tree as the experimental variable. We trapped adult Anastrepha (n = 7,936) in all orchards and dissected fruit (n = 7,695) from orchards and packing houses (n = 1,620) in search of eggs or larvae. Most (96.7%) A. ludens, A. obliqua, A. striata, and A. serpentina adults were captured in low-elevation orchards. No eggs or larvae were detected in any of the fruit from foraging behavior studies or dissected fruit from orchards or packing houses. Of 5,200 mature, intact fruit on trees in the field forcibly exposed to no-choice female oviposition activity (five females/fruit), we only found four fruit infested by A. ludens but no adults emerged. 'Hass' avocados only became marginally susceptible to attack by A. ludens (but not A. obliqua, A. serpentina, and A. striata) 24 h after being removed from the tree. Fruit placed on the ground in orchards (n = 3,600) were occasionally infested by Neosilba batesi (Curran) (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), a decomposer, but not Anastrepha spp. Based on our

  5. Occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in rheas (Rhea americana and ostriches (Struthio camelus from farms of different Brazilian regions

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    Amanda Brentano Almeida

    Full Text Available This study aimed to verify the occurrence of antibodies againstToxoplasma gondii in rheas (Rhea americana and ostriches (Struthio camelus commercially breeding in Brazil. Blood samples from 20 rheas and 46 ostriches (young and adults were serologically tested using a technique known as modified agglutination test (MAT at an initial titration of 1:16 for ostriches and 1:25 for rheas. Antibodies against T. gondii were found in 50% (10/20 of the rheas, with titers ranging from 1:25 to 1:6,400. The incidence of antibodies against T. gondii in ostriches was 17.4% (8/46 with titers ranging from 1:16 to 1:256. Birds showing titers higher than 1:200 forT. gondii were mainly the young ones. Therefore, rheas and ostriches may be parasitized by T. gondii, showing high levels of antibodies against this parasite.

  6. Na+-stimulated ATPase of alkaliphilic halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica translocates Na+ into proteoliposomes via Na+ uniport mechanism

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    Soontharapirakkul Kanteera

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background When cells are exposed to high salinity conditions, they develop a mechanism to extrude excess Na+ from cells to maintain the cytoplasmic Na+ concentration. Until now, the ATPase involved in Na+ transport in cyanobacteria has not been characterized. Here, the characterization of ATPase and its role in Na+ transport of alkaliphilic halotolerant Aphanothece halophytica were investigated to understand the survival mechanism of A. halophytica under high salinity conditions. Results The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of Na+ but not K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The apparent Km values for Na+ and ATP were 2.0 and 1.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme is likely the F1F0-ATPase based on the usual subunit pattern and the protection against N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of ATPase activity by Na+ in a pH-dependent manner. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with the purified enzyme could take up Na+ upon the addition of ATP. The apparent Km values for this uptake were 3.3 and 0.5 mM for Na+ and ATP, respectively. The mechanism of Na+ transport mediated by Na+-stimulated ATPase in A. halophytica was revealed. Using acridine orange as a probe, alkalization of the lumen of proteoliposomes reconstituted with Na+-stimulated ATPase was observed upon the addition of ATP with Na+ but not with K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The Na+- and ATP-dependent alkalization of the proteoliposome lumen was stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m - chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP but was inhibited by a permeant anion nitrate. The proteoliposomes showed both ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Na+ uptake activity. The uptake of Na+ was enhanced by CCCP and nitrate. On the other hand, both CCCP and nitrate were shown to dissipate the preformed electric potential generated by Na+-stimulated ATPase of the proteoliposomes. Conclusion The data demonstrate that Na+-stimulated ATPase from A. halophytica, a likely member of F-type ATPase, functions as an electrogenic Na

  7. Polarization dependence of Na* + Na* associative ionization revisited

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Meijer, H.A.J.; Meulen, H.P. v.d.; Morgenstern, R.; Hertel, I.V.; Meyer, E.; Witte, R.

    1986-01-01

    The dependence of the associative ionization process Na 3 2P3/2 + Na 3 2P3/2 → Na2+ + e- on the polarization of the laser light used for Na excitation was independently investigated in Utrecht and Berlin. The purpose of this paper is to clarify discrepancies between two other earlier experimental

  8. Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Curatella americana L. Leaves.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lopes, Rafael Henrique Oliveira; Macorini, Luis Fernando Benitez; Antunes, Katia Ávila; Espindola, Priscilla Pereira de Toledo; Alfredo, Tamaeh Monteiro; da Rocha, Paola Dos Santos; Pereira, Zefa Valdivina; Dos Santos, Edson Lucas; de Picoli Souza, Kely

    2016-01-01

    High levels of reactive oxygen species in the body and hyperlipidemia are key factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of hydroethanolic extract of Curatella americana L. leaves (ExC). The antioxidant activity of ExC was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging capacity and protection against hemolysis induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), followed by quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA). Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fructose diet (60%) were treated for 60 days with water, simvastatin (30 mg·Kg(-1)), ciprofibrate (2 mg·Kg(-1)), and ExC (200 mg·Kg(-1)). ExC revealed IC50 of 6.0 ± 0.5 μg·mL(-1), an intermediary value among positive controls used in the assay of DPPH scavenging capacity. At all concentrations (50 to 125 μg·mL(-1)) and times (60 to 240 min) evaluated, ExC protected erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis, which was confirmed by lower MDA levels. In vivo tests showed a reduction of 34 and 45%, respectively, in serum concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats treated with ExC, a similar effect compared to the reference drugs, simvastatin and ciprofibrate, respectively. Together, the results showed the antioxidant activity of ExC and its ability to improve the serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats.

  9. Leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana: encuesta epidemiológica en una comunidad indígena

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    Martha Wolff

    1988-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico sobre Leishmaniasis tegumentarla americana (LTA en 809 personas del Resguardo Indígena de San Andrés de Sotavento, Departamento de Córdoba, foco endémico tanto de Leishmaniasis cutánea como de Leishmaniasis visceral. La distribución por sexo de la población encuestada fue de 355 (43,9% hombres y 454 (56, 1% mujeres; sus índices alérgicos fueron de 36,9% y 40,5% respectivamente. La positividad de la Intradermorreacción de Montenegro ascendió en personas de ambos sexos, a medida que aumentó la edad. El índice parasitario fue de 0.37%. La especie de Lutzomyia más frecuente en el intra y peridomicilio fue la Lu. evansi que mostró comportamiento antropofílico. Se encontró una alta exposición de la población general al vector dada la facilidad de penetración de los flebotomineos alintradomicilio, por el tipo de construcción de las viviendas; además, al no existir servicios sanitarios, acueductos ni alcantarillados Intradomiciliarios, todo el núcleo familiar debe desplazarse al peridomicilio para la disposición de excretas y en busca del agua. Otros hallazgos fueron el gran desconocimiento sobre la etiología y tratamiento de la Leishmaniasis y las pésimas condiciones sociales y económicas de la región.

  10. Água e espaços transfronteiriços na América do Sul: questões a partir do território

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    Gisela A. Pires do Rio

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Muitos países permanecem reticentes à implantação de novas institucionalidades e arenas de negociações participativas em espaços transfronteiriços. Assumindo-se a existência de dinâmica transfronteiriça peculiar, o presente trabalho apresenta e discute questões sobre gestão de água em espaços transfronteiriços, a fim suscitar debates sobre situações efetivas de cooperação/conflito transfronteiriços na América do Sul. Partimos do pressuposto de que uma turbulência de escalas é característica dessas áreas. Entende-se por turbulência de escalas a possibilidade de manifestação de cooperação, tensões, conflitos e disputas em múltiplas escalas. Recorrendo a exemplos recentemente discutidos na literatura geográfica em diferentes regiões do mundo, foram definidos parâmetros para refletir sobre a realidade sul-americana. Esses parâmetros referem-se às manifestações de concordância e discordância da implantação de dispositivos de gestão de águas por bacias hidrográficas. Complementa o levantamento bibliográfico, a análise de documentação de organismos internacionais, tendo em vista a identificação de situações que se projetaram em várias escalas geográficas. O interesse do trabalho reside na apresentação de questões próprias ao contexto sul americano, como proposta de agenda para reflexão. Nas considerações finais são apresentados os desafios que nos parecem mais significativos para a construção de proximidades institucionais nos espaços transfronteiriços.

  11. Do belo ao sublime: Uma pesquisa histórica, iconográfica e bibliográfica sobre a história da arte latino-americana

    OpenAIRE

    Chioquetta, Gabriela Dotti

    2012-01-01

    Anais do I Encontro de Iniciação Científica e de Extensão da Unila - Sessão de Artes e Linguística - 05/06/12 - 14h00 às 18h00 - Unila-Centro - Sala 16 - 3o Piso O objetivo deste projeto é o levantamento histórico e estético da arte latino americana, visando a publica - ção de um livro. Para isso criou-se o GIPE Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Estética Latino Ameri - cana, registrado no CNPQ. Sabendo-se da amplitude da iniciativa, decidiu-se pela divisão do trabalho em doze...

  12. Utilization of modified starch from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed in cream soup production

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cornelia, M.; Christianti, A.

    2018-01-01

    Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed was often seen as waste and underutilized resources, especially in the food industry. The aim of this research was to modify the structure of avocado seed starch using the cross-linking method, to improve the viscosity stability in the cream soup. In the preliminary research, starch was isolated from the seed and modified by STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate) with 2%, 4%, and 6% concentration and were reacted for 1, 2, and 3 hours. Starches were analyzed for moisture and ash content, paste clarity, gel strength, swelling power, solubility, yield, and degree of whiteness. Based on the analysis results, the best reaction time and STPP concentration was 6% at 1 hour reaction time. Native starch and the best-modified starch were applied in the cream soup and compared with commercial cream soup. Cream soups were analyzed for viscosity stability using viscometer in 0, 1, 3, and 5 hours after storage in room temperature. The result showed that cream soup using modified starch has better viscosity stability than native starch and commercial cream soup after 5 hours storage, which was 181.7 ± 4.85 cP. Sensory analysis showed that cream soup using modified starch was more acceptable than the others. Avocado seed modified starch has phosphate group that strengthen the starch chain to prevent viscosity breakdown.

  13. Comparison of Serum Protein Electrophoresis Values in Wild and Captive Whooping Cranes ( Grus americana ).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hausmann, Jennifer C; Cray, Carolyn; Hartup, Barry K

    2015-09-01

    Protein electrophoresis of serum samples from endangered, wild whooping cranes ( Grus americana ) was performed to help assess the health of the only self-sustaining, migratory population in North America. Serum samples from wild adult cranes (n = 22) were taken at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, USA during winter. Wild juvenile cranes (n = 26) were sampled at Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories, Canada, in midsummer. All captive crane samples were acquired from the International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI, USA. Captive adult cranes (n = 30) were sampled during annual examinations, and archived serum samples from captive juvenile cranes (n = 19) were selected to match the estimated age of wild juveniles. Wild juveniles had significantly lower concentrations of all protein fractions than wild adults, except for prealbumin and γ globulins. All protein fraction concentrations for wild juveniles were significantly lower compared with captive juveniles, except for prealbumin and γ globulins, which were higher. Wild adults had significantly greater γ globulin concentrations than captive adults. Captive juveniles had significantly lower prealbumin and albumin concentrations and albumin : globulin ratios than captive adults. The higher γ globulin concentrations in wild versus captive cranes are likely because of increased antigenic exposure and immune stimulation. Protein fraction concentrations vary significantly with age and natural history in this species. Reference intervals for serum protein electrophoresis results from captive adult whooping cranes are provided in this study.

  14. GENETIC VARIABILITY WITHIN MEXICAN RACE AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill. GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS DETERMINED BY ISSRs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Cuiris-Pérez

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio se efectuó para determinar la existencia de diversidad genética dentro de una colección de germoplasma de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP, Campo Experimental Uruapan (CEFAP-Uruapan. Se investigó la relación parental entre 77 accesiones (231 plantas de la raza Mexicana con el uso de siete ISSRs (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat microsatellites, en inglés. En total se detectaron 154 loci. El porcentaje de polimorfismo varió de 82.3 a 95.4, con un número de bandas entre 17 y 25 dentro de las accesiones. El análisis de similitud genética reveló la formación de dos grupos principales, uno con once subgrupos y el otro con tres subgrupos. La similitud genética fue más alta entre las accesiones 237 (Atlixco, Puebla y XTC01 (Uruapan, Michoacán, mientras que las accesiones 532 (Atlixco, Puebla y 369 (Chilchota, Michoacán fueron las más disímiles. No se encontraron duplicados en los genotipos analizados. En general, el presente estudio demostró la utilidad del análisis mediante ISSRs para la determinación de diversidad genética en aguacate.

  15. Molecular characterization and localization of the first tyramine receptor of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rotte, C; Krach, C; Balfanz, S; Baumann, A; Walz, B; Blenau, W

    2009-09-15

    The phenolamines octopamine and tyramine control, regulate, and modulate many physiological and behavioral processes in invertebrates. Vertebrates possess only small amounts of both substances, and thus, octopamine and tyramine, together with other biogenic amines, are referred to as "trace amines." Biogenic amines evoke cellular responses by activating G-protein-coupled receptors. We have isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes a biogenic amine receptor from the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, viz., Peatyr1, which shares high sequence similarity to members of the invertebrate tyramine-receptor family. The PeaTYR1 receptor was stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, and its ligand response has been examined. Receptor activation with tyramine reduces adenylyl cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50) approximately 350 nM). The inhibitory effect of tyramine is abolished by co-incubation with either yohimbine or chlorpromazine. Receptor expression has been investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. The mRNA is present in various tissues including brain, salivary glands, midgut, Malpighian tubules, and leg muscles. The effect of tyramine on salivary gland acinar cells has been investigated by intracellular recordings, which have revealed excitatory presynaptic actions of tyramine. This study marks the first comprehensive molecular, pharmacological, and functional characterization of a tyramine receptor in the cockroach.

  16. Anatomical characterization of ultra-structures, biominerals and histolocalization of metabolites in leaves of Genipa americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex L. Vasconcelos

    Full Text Available Abstract Inserted in one of the largest families among the Angiosperms, Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae, can be found in all Brazilian territory, presenting great medicinal importance, where several uses have been attributed. In view of this, this work has the purpose of analyzing the ultrastructural, biomineral, phytochemical and histochemical characteristics of the leaves of this native species from Brazil. For this, light microscopy, polarization and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used with X-ray scattering energy, associated to chromatographic and histochemical tests. The anatomical ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves detailed information about the type and arrangement of the cuticle, trichomes, surface and arrangement of the tissues that determine the botanical identity of this species. The phytochemical tests allowed determining their chromatographic pattern and histochemistry to determine the exact storage site of these substances in the leaf. It was observed that the characterization of the crystalline macro-pattern present in the analyzed species, as well as its exact elemental composition, can be considered an important differential diagnosis factor. The results characterize the leaves of this species in different aspects, being a native species and pharmacologically promising, with different popular uses and proven pharmacological activities, and more in depth studies is needed.

  17. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram in the Na2O-Na2O2-NaOH system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saito, Jun-ichi; Tendo, Masayuki; Aoto, Kazumi

    1997-10-01

    Generally, the phase diagrams are always used to understand the present state of compounds at certain temperature. In order to understand the corrosion behavior of structural material for FBR by main sodium compounds (Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 and NaOH), it is very important to comprehend the phase diagrams of their compounds. However, only Na 2 O-NaOH pseudo-binary phase diagram had been investigated previously in this system. There is no study of other pseudo-binary or ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system. In this study, in order to clarify the present states of their compounds at certain temperatures, the pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system were prepared. A series of thermal analyses with binary and ternary component system has been carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquidus temperature and ternary eutectic temperatures were confirmed by these measurements. The beneficial indications for constructing phase diagrams were obtained from these experiments. On the basis of these results, the interaction parameters between compounds which were utilized for the Thermo-Calc calculation were optimized. Thermo-Calc is one of thermodynamic calculation software. Consequently the accurate pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams were indicated using the optimized parameters. (author)

  18. Female gonadal hormones and reproductive behaviors as key determinants of successful reproductive output of breeding whooping cranes (Grus americana)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Megan E; Converse, Sarah J.; Chandler, Jane N.; Shafer, Charles; Brown, Janine L; Keefer, Carol L; Songsasen, Nucharin

    2016-01-01

    Reproductive success of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) maintained ex situ is poor. As part of an effort to identify potential causes of poor reproductive success in a captive colony, we used non-invasive endocrine monitoring to assess gonadal and adrenal steroids of bird pairs with various reproductive outcomes and evaluated the relationships of hormones and behaviors to reproductive performance. Overall, reproductively successful (i.e., egg laying) females had significantly higher mean estrogen levels but lower mean progestogen concentrations than did unsuccessful females. Other hormones, including glucocorticoids and androgens, were not significantly different between successful and unsuccessful individuals. Observations of specific behaviors such as unison calling, marching, and the number of copulation attempts, along with overall time spent performing reproductive behaviors, were significantly higher in successful pairs. Our findings indicate that overall reproductive performance of whooping crane pairs is linked to female gonadal hormone excretion and reproductive behaviors, but not to altered adrenal hormone production.

  19. Female gonadal hormones and reproductive behaviors as key determinants of successful reproductive output of breeding whooping cranes (Grus americana).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Megan E; Converse, Sarah J; Chandler, Jane N; Shafer, Charles; Brown, Janine L; Keefer, Carol L; Songsasen, Nucharin

    2016-05-01

    Reproductive success of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) maintained ex situ is poor. As part of an effort to identify potential causes of poor reproductive success in a captive colony, we used non-invasive endocrine monitoring to assess gonadal and adrenal steroids of bird pairs with various reproductive outcomes and evaluated the relationships of hormones and behaviors to reproductive performance. Overall, reproductively successful (i.e., egg laying) females had significantly higher mean estrogen levels but lower mean progestogen concentrations than did unsuccessful females. Other hormones, including glucocorticoids and androgens, were not significantly different between successful and unsuccessful individuals. Observations of specific behaviors such as unison calling, marching, and the number of copulation attempts, along with overall time spent performing reproductive behaviors, were significantly higher in successful pairs. Our findings indicate that overall reproductive performance of whooping crane pairs is linked to female gonadal hormone excretion and reproductive behaviors, but not to altered adrenal hormone production. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  20. Detecção de DNA de Leishmania braziliensis em pacientes de leishmaniose tegumentar americana Detección de DNA de Leishmania braziliensis en pacientes de leishmaniose tegumentaria americana Detection of Leishmania braziliensis DNA in American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leila Martins

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Foi realizado diagnóstico para leishmaniose tegumentar americana a partir de sangue de pacientes residentes em dois municípios endêmicos do estado de Pernambuco. O DNA de 119 amostras de sangue foi extraído e submetido a reação em cadeia da polimerase. Utilizaram-se primers do minicírculo do DNA do cinetoplasto (kDNA de Leishmania braziliensis, circulante em Pernambuco, cuja seqüência-alvo gera um fragmento de 750 pares de bases. No total 58 (48,7% indivíduos apresentaram amplificação positiva e 61 (51,3% negativa. Das amostras positivas para a PCR, 37 (≅ 64% pertenciam a indivíduos tratados e sem lesão. Conclui-se que a técnica de PCR é eficaz para identificar o DNA de leishmânia em material de biópsias e em sangue venoso.Fue realizado diagnóstico para leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana a partir de sangre de pacientes residentes en dos municipios endémicos del estado de Pernambuco (Noreste de Brasil. El DNA de 119 muestras de sangre fue extraído y sometido a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se utilizaron primers del minicírculo del DNA del cinetoplasto (kDNA de Leishmania braziliensis, circulante en Pernambuco, cuya secuencia blanco genera un fragmento de 750 pares de bases. En total 58 (48,7% individuos presentaron amplificación positiva y 61 (51,3% negativa. De las muestras positivas para la PCR, 37 (≅64% pertenecían a individuos tratados y sin lesión. Se concluyó que la técnica de la PCR es eficaz para identificar el DNA de Leishmania en material de biopsias y en sangre venosa.Diagnostic tests for American tegumentary leishmaniasis were performed on blood samples of patients living in two endemic municipalities in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. DNA was extracted from 119 samples and used as template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR analysis. The tests used primers specific for the kinetoplast mini-circle DNA (kDNA of Leishmania braziliensis, a species circulating in Pernambuco, which

  1. A MEMÕRIA DE JESUS E A MANVFESTAÇAO DO PAI NO QUARTO EVANGELHO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johan Konings

    1988-01-01

    Full Text Available Não somos os primeiros a constatar que as cristologias narrativas pouco se inspiram no Quarto Evangelho (QE, tanto na atual teologia latino-americana como na europeia, de E. Schillebeeckx, por exemplo. Entretanto, as cristologias especulativas usam amplamente pelo menos o prólogo de João como ponto de partida para suas especulações. Será que este tratamento faz jus ao QE, ou repousa num preconceito espiritualista com relação ao evangelho que Clemente de Alexandria chamou de "espiritual"?

  2. Síndrome de Moebius associada a artrogripose: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

    OpenAIRE

    Moreira,Ana Tereza Ramos; Teixeira,Sueli; Ruthes,Hilton Iran; Miranda,André Basso; Guerra,Daniel Roncaglio

    2001-01-01

    Os autores descrevem um caso de síndrome de Moebius associada a artogripose múltipla congênita, uma situação rara, sem relatos prévios na literatura latino-americana. A síndrome de Moebius é caracterizada por paralisia dos VII e VI pares cranianos, geralmente associada a outras anomalias ósseas e musculares, mais freqüentemente localizadas na parte distal das extremidades. A artrogripose múltipla congênita consiste de um grupo heterogêneo de alterações, sendo caracterizada por extrema rigidez...

  3. As milícias nacionais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeanne Berrance de Castro

    1968-03-01

    Full Text Available As milícias nacionais — herança ideológica do século XVIII —tiveram na milícia norte-americana e nas Guardas Nacionais francesa e também brasileira expressivos exemplos dessas fôrças paramilitares. O conceito da "nação em armas", institucionalizado, possibilitou ao poder civil o contrôle militar, auxilado de outro lado pela descen-tralização dessas milícias nacionais que, com isso, suplantaram as fôrças militares regulares.

  4. From negro to african-american

    OpenAIRE

    Gama, Maria Elizabeth da Costa

    1998-01-01

    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente. Este trabalho de pesquisa analisa criticamente aspectos do papel que a imprensa americana desempenha na reprodução de estereótipos que sustentam desigualdades raciais e sociais nos Estados Unidos. Partindo da afirmativa de Van Dijk(1988) que as minorias são sempre associadas na mídia à violência e ao crime, realizo uma a...

  5. Extracellular Na+ levels regulate formation and activity of the NaX/alpha1-Na+/K+-ATPase complex in neuronal cells.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emmanuelle eBerret

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available MnPO neurons play a critical role in hydromineral homeostasis regulation by acting as sensors of extracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]out. The mechanism underlying Na+-sensing involves Na+-flow through the NaX channel, directly regulated by the Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform which controls Na+-influx by modulating channel permeability. Together, these two partners form a complex involved in the regulation of intracellular sodium ([Na+]in. Here we aim to determine whether environmental changes in Na+ could actively modulate the NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase complex activity.We investigated the complex activity using patch-clamp recordings from rat MnPO neurons and Neuro2a cells. When the rats were fed with a high-salt-diet, or the [Na+] in the culture medium was increased, the activity of the complex was up-regulated. In contrast, drop in environmental [Na+] decreased the activity of the complex. Interestingly under hypernatremic condition, the colocalization rate and protein level of both partners were up-regulated. Under hyponatremic condition, only NaX protein expression was increased and the level of NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase remained unaltered. This unbalance between NaX and Na+/K+-ATPase pump proportion would induce a bigger portion of Na+/K+-ATPase-control-free NaX channel. Thus we suggest that hypernatremic environment increases NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform activity by increasing the number of both partners and their colocalization rate, whereas hyponatremic environment down-regulates complex activity via a decrease in the relative number of NaX channels controlled by the pump.

  6. A Study of the Distribution of Sodium Cations in the Zeolites NaX, NaY and ZnNaY Using Carbon Monoxide Adsorption and 23Na NMR Techniques

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seidel, A.; Boddenberg, B.

    1995-03-01

    The zeolites NaX, NaY, Zn(55)NaY, and Zn(74)NaY were investigated by means of carbon monoxide adsorption and with static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The Na+ distribution between the sodalite (ß)- and supercages of the fully hydrated zeolites NaX and NaY were found to agree with XRD results. In the hydrated zinc-exchanged zeolites the Na+ ions almost exclusively populate the ß-cages. The adsorption isotherms of CO in the dehydrated zeolites were analyzed quantitatively to yield the concentrations of Na+ residing in the supercages. The measured static and MAS 23Na NMR spectra were analyzed by comparing their widths and shapes with simulated central transition patterns and yield, inter alia, the concentrations of Na+ associated with the spectrum components. Arguments are put forward that 23Na NMR of dehydrated zeolites is well suited to distinguish Na+ cations in highly symmetric environments and mobile Na+ species from others located on general positions, but further resolution is hardly feasible.

  7. HCO3(-)-coupled Na+ influx is a major determinant of Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity in rat hepatocytes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fitz, J.G.; Lidofsky, S.D.; Weisiger, R.A.; Xie, M.H.; Cochran, M.; Grotmol, T.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

    1991-01-01

    Recent studies in hepatocytes indicate that Na(+)-coupled HCO3- transport contributes importantly to regulation of intracellular pH and membrane HCO3- transport. However, the direction of net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement and the effect of HCO3- on Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity are not known. In these studies, the effect of HCO3- on Na+ influx and turnover were measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures with 22Na+, and [Na+]i was measured in single hepatocytes using the Na(+)-sensitive fluorochrome SBFI. Na+/K+ pump activity was measured in intact perfused rat liver and hepatocyte monolayers as Na(+)-dependent or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb uptake, and was measured in single hepatocytes as the effect of transient pump inhibition by removal of extracellular K+ on membrane potential difference (PD) and [Na+]i. In hepatocyte monolayers, HCO3- increased 22Na+ entry and turnover rates by 50-65%, without measurably altering 22Na+ pool size or cell volume, and HCO3- also increased Na+/K+ pump activity by 70%. In single cells, exposure to HCO3- produced an abrupt and sustained rise in [Na+]i from approximately 8 to 12 mM. Na+/K+ pump activity assessed in single cells by PD excursions during transient K+ removal increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-, and the rise in [Na+]i produced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump was similarly increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-. In intact perfused rat liver, HCO3- increased both Na+/K+ pump activity and O2 consumption. These findings indicate that, in hepatocytes, net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement is inward and represents a major determinant of Na+ influx and Na+/K+ pump activity. About half of hepatic Na+/K+ pump activity appears dedicated to recycling Na+ entering in conjunction with HCO3- to maintain [Na+]i within the physiologic range

  8. The effect of Na vapor on the Na content of chondrules

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewis, R. Dean; Lofgren, Gary E.; Franzen, Hugo F.; Windom, Kenneth E.

    1993-01-01

    Chondrules contain higher concentrations of volatiles (Na) than expected for melt droplets in the solar nebula. Recent studies have proposed that chondrules may have formed under non-canonical nebular conditions such as in particle/gas-rich clumps. Such chondrule formation areas may have contained significant Na vapor. To test the hypothesis of whether a Na-rich vapor would minimize Na volatilization reaction rates in a chondrule analog and maintain the Na value of the melt, experiments were designed where a Na-rich vapor could be maintained around the sample. A starting material with a melting point lower that typical chondrules was required to keep the logistics of working with Na volatilization from NaCl within the realm of feasibility. The Knippa basalt, a MgO-rich alkali olivine basalt with a melting temperature of 1325 +/- 5 C and a Na2O content of 3.05 wt%, was used as the chondrule analog. Experiments were conducted in a 1 atm, gas-mixing furnace with the fO2 controlled by a CO/CO2 gas mixture and fixed at the I-W buffer curve. To determine the extent of Na loss from the sample, initial experiments were conducted at high temperatures (1300 C - 1350 C) for duration of up to 72 h without a Na-rich vapor present. Almost all (up to 98%) Na was volatilized in runs of 72 h. Subsequent trials were conducted at 1330 C for 16 h in the presence of a Na-rich vapor, supplied by a NaCl-filled crucible placed in the bottom of the furnace. Succeeding Knudsen cell weight-loss mass-spectrometry analysis of NaCl determined the P(sub Na) for these experimental conditions to be in the 10(exp -6) atm range. This value is considered high for nebula conditions but is still plausible for non-canonical environments. In these trials the Na2O content of the glass was maintained or in some cases increased; Na2O values ranged from 2.62% wt to 4.37% wt. The Na content of chondrules may be controlled by the Na vapor pressure in the chondrule formation region. Most heating events capable

  9. Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Padmanabhan, Monika; Arumugam, Geetha

    2014-06-01

    Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, is traditionally consumed fruit which possesses body fat lowering capacity. Adiponectin plays an important role in regulating obesity. In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of P. americana (HAEPA) on the level of blood lipids, glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expressions was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: groups 1 and 2 were fed normal rat chow (5% fat) and groups 3 and 4 were fed HFD (23% fat) for a period of 14 weeks. In addition, groups 2 and 4 rats were administered orally with 100 mg/kg body weight of HAEPA from third week. After 14 weeks, rats were sacrificed, and serum/plasma levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and adiponectin were determined. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, PPAR-γ and protein expression of PPAR-γ were also evaluated. The body mass index (BMI), total fat pad mass and adiposity index were significantly decreased in HAEPA co-administered rats than in HFD-fed rats. The levels of LDL and lipid peroxides were significantly higher in HFD group than in HFD+HAEPA group. Levels of reduced glutathione, adiponectin, mRNA expression of adiponectin, PPAR-γ and protein expression of PPAR-γ were found to be increased in HFD+HAEPA group than in HFD group. The hypolipidemic effect of HAEPA is also evidenced by the histological observations in liver, heart and adipose tissue. The results indicate that HAEPA exhibits hypolipidemic activity probably by increasing the mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ, which reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

  10. Enfermedad de Chagas o Tripanosomiasis Americana.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Guhl

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available

    Situación Actual de Colombia.

    La enfermedad de Chagas o tripanosomiasis americana es una enfermedad parasitaria crónica causada por un protozoario flagelado el Trypanosoma cruzi, descrito por primera vez por Carlos Chagas, médico brasileño, a comienzos de este siglo y en su honor se denominó la enfermedad que lleva su nombre.

    Este parásito normalmente se transmite al ser humano a través de insectos triatomíneos estrictamente hematófagos de la familia Reduviidae, en el momento en que perforan la piel para succionar la sangre que los alimenta.

    Sin embargo, no se inocula directamente por intermedio de las estructuras bucales del insecto en el momento de la picadura como en el caso de las tripanosomiasis africanas, si no que se deposita pasivamente en la piel a través de las heces del insecto, penetrando en el cuerpo por la herida que causa la picadura u otras abrasiones de la piel o de la mucosa. El T. cruzi, también puede transmitirse por infección congénita, por transfusión de sangre contaminada o por el transplante de órganos contaminados. El ciclo vital del parásito es largo y complejo y su desarrollo tiene varias etapas, tanto en el vector triatomineo como en el huésped vertebrado .

    La Enfermedad de Chagas constituye una amenaza permanente para casi la cuarta parte de toda la población de América Latina. Si bien la enfermedad se encuentra presente en toda América Central y del Sur, sus manifestaciones y características epidemiológicas son altamente variables entre una y otra zona endémica. Existe una gran diversidad en las tasas de prevalencia, formas de transmisión, características parasitarias, patología clínica, vectores y reservorios.

    Más que cualquier otra enfermedad parasitaria, la enfermedad de Chagas se relaciona con el desarrollo económico y social de la población: los insectos triatomineos y las enfermedades que ellos transmiten existirán mientras en

  11. Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W

    2017-07-03

    Decades ago, it was proposed that Na transport in cardiac myocytes is modulated by large changes in cytoplasmic Na concentration within restricted subsarcolemmal spaces. Here, we probe this hypothesis for Na/K pumps by generating constitutive transsarcolemmal Na flux with the Na channel opener veratridine in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using 25 mM Na in the patch pipette, pump currents decay strongly during continuous activation by extracellular K (τ, ∼2 s). In contradiction to depletion hypotheses, the decay becomes stronger when pump currents are decreased by hyperpolarization. Na channel currents are nearly unchanged by pump activity in these conditions, and conversely, continuous Na currents up to 0.5 nA in magnitude have negligible effects on pump currents. These outcomes are even more pronounced using 50 mM Li as a cytoplasmic Na congener. Thus, the Na/K pump current decay reflects mostly an inactivation mechanism that immobilizes Na/K pump charge movements, not cytoplasmic Na depletion. When channel currents are increased beyond 1 nA, models with unrestricted subsarcolemmal diffusion accurately predict current decay (τ ∼15 s) and reversal potential shifts observed for Na, Li, and K currents through Na channels opened by veratridine, as well as for Na, K, Cs, Li, and Cl currents recorded in nystatin-permeabilized myocytes. Ion concentrations in the pipette tip (i.e., access conductance) track without appreciable delay the current changes caused by sarcolemmal ion flux. Importantly, cytoplasmic mixing volumes, calculated from current decay kinetics, increase and decrease as expected with osmolarity changes (τ >30 s). Na/K pump current run-down over 20 min reflects a failure of pumps to recover from inactivation. Simulations reveal that pump inactivation coupled with Na-activated recovery enhances the rapidity and effectivity of Na homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, an autoregulatory mechanism enhances cardiac Na/K pump activity when

  12. Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Curatella americana L. Leaves

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    Rafael Henrique Oliveira Lopes

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available High levels of reactive oxygen species in the body and hyperlipidemia are key factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of hydroethanolic extract of Curatella americana L. leaves (ExC. The antioxidant activity of ExC was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH scavenging capacity and protection against hemolysis induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH, followed by quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA. Wistar rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fructose diet (60% were treated for 60 days with water, simvastatin (30 mg·Kg−1, ciprofibrate (2 mg·Kg−1, and ExC (200 mg·Kg−1. ExC revealed IC50 of 6.0±0.5 μg·mL−1, an intermediary value among positive controls used in the assay of DPPH scavenging capacity. At all concentrations (50 to 125 μg·mL−1 and times (60 to 240 min evaluated, ExC protected erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis, which was confirmed by lower MDA levels. In vivo tests showed a reduction of 34 and 45%, respectively, in serum concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats treated with ExC, a similar effect compared to the reference drugs, simvastatin and ciprofibrate, respectively. Together, the results showed the antioxidant activity of ExC and its ability to improve the serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats.

  13. Interplay between a Wnt-dependent organiser and the Notch segmentation clock regulates posterior development in Periplaneta americana

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    John E. Chesebro

    2012-12-01

    Sequential addition of segments in the posteriorly growing end of the embryo is a developmental mechanism common to many bilaterians. However, posterior growth and patterning in most animals also entails the establishment of a ‘posterior organiser’ that expresses the Caudal and Wnt proteins and has been proposed to be an ancestral feature of animal development. We have studied the functional relationships between the Wnt-driven organiser and the segmentation mechanisms in a basal insect, the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Here, posteriorly-expressed Wnt1 promotes caudal and Delta expression early in development to generate a growth zone from which segments will later bud off. caudal maintains the undifferentiated growth zone by dampening Delta expression, and hence Notch-mediated segmentation occurs just outside the caudal domain. In turn, Delta expression maintains Wnt1, maintaining this posterior gene network until all segments have formed. This feedback between caudal, Wnt and Notch-signalling in regulating growth and segmentation seems conserved in other arthropods, with some aspects found even in vertebrates. Thus our findings not only support an ancestral Wnt posterior organiser, but also impinge on the proposals for a common origin of segmentation in arthropods, annelids and vertebrates.

  14. Phytolacca americana from contaminated and noncontaminated soils of South Korea: Effects of elevated temperature, CO2 and simulated acid rain on plant growth response

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Y.-O.; Rodriguez, R.J.; Lee, E.J.; Redman, R.S.

    2008-01-01

    Chemical analyses performed on the invasive weed Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) growing in industrially contaminated (Ulsan) and noncontaminated (Suwon) sites in South Korea indicated that the levels of phenolic compounds and various elements that include some heavy metals (Al, As, B, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were statistically higher in Ulsan soils compared to Suwon soils with Al being the highest (>1,116 mg/l compared to 432 mg/l). Analysis of metals and nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, NH4, N, P, S) in plant tissues indicated that accumulation occurred dominantly in plant leaves with Al levels being 33.8 times higher in Ulsan plants (PaU) compared to Suwon plants (PaS). The ability of PaU and PaS to tolerate stress was evaluated under controlled conditions by varying atmospheric CO2 and temperature and soil pH. When grown in pH 6.4 soils, the highest growth rate of PaU and PaS plants occurred at elevated (30??C) and non-elevated (25??C) temperatures, respectively. Both PaU and PaS plants showed the highest and lowest growth rates when exposed to atmospheric CO2 levels of 360 and 650 ppm, respectively. The impact of soil pH (2-6.4) on seed germination rates, plant growth, chlorophyll content, and the accumulation of phenolics were measured to assess the effects of industrial pollution and global-warming-related stresses on plants. The highest seed germination rate and chlorophyll content occurred at pH 2.0 for both PaU and PaS plants. Increased pH from 2-5 correlated to increased phenolic compounds and decreased chlorophyll content. However, at pH 6.4, a marked decrease in phenolic compounds, was observed and chlorophyll content increased. These results suggest that although plants from Ulsan and Suwon sites are the same species, they differ in the ability to deal with various stresses. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

  15. Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shattock, Michael J; Ottolia, Michela; Bers, Donald M; Blaustein, Mordecai P; Boguslavskyi, Andrii; Bossuyt, Julie; Bridge, John H B; Chen-Izu, Ye; Clancy, Colleen E; Edwards, Andrew; Goldhaber, Joshua; Kaplan, Jack; Lingrel, Jerry B; Pavlovic, Davor; Philipson, Kenneth; Sipido, Karin R; Xie, Zi-Jian

    2015-01-01

    This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field. PMID:25772291

  16. Los aportes de una antropología americana en el pensamiento de Rodolfo Kusch

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    Dina Picotti

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente texto versa sobre la propuesta de Rodolfo Kusch en torno a una antropología del hombre americano a partir de un recorrido por algunas obras insignes de su pensamiento antropológico. El trabajo parte de la pro - blematización de la categoría de situación. A partir de ciertas distinciones filosóficas establecidas entre ser y estar , la autora aborda la cuestión de la identidad americana como pueblo , para indicar la manera en que el habla popular, en su nombrar y callar, es la base de lo que pueda ser el hombre ame - ricano. Después de la descripción de la consolidación del hombre americano tras el dualismo mito-razón y la formulación de la inconmensurabilidad del hombre americano ante criterios que resultan discordes, se sugiere otro modo de pensar, en este caso, de concebir una antropología, otra línea de encarar lo humano en relación con el orden vigente. De esta manera, se postula la idea de que el problema de América es el de recuperar toda la potencialidad del pensar y saber apostar al futuro, lo cual se realiza a partir de la revisión de los niveles económicos, educativos y artísticos del hombre americano.

  17. Seasonal movements and multiscale habitat selection of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) in natural and agricultural wetlands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pickens, Bradley A.; King, Sammy L.; Vasseur, Phillip L.; Zimorski, Sara E.; Selman, Will

    2017-01-01

    Eleven of 15 species of cranes (family: Gruidae) are considered vulnerable or endangered, and the increase of agriculture and aquaculture at the expense of natural wetlands and grasslands is a threat to Gruidae worldwide. A reintroduced population of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) was studied in coastal and agricultural wetlands of Louisiana and Texas, USA. The objectives were to compare Whooping Crane movements across seasons, quantify multiscale habitat selection, and identify seasonal shifts in selection. Whooping Cranes (n = 53) were tracked with satellite transmitters to estimate seasonal core-use areas (50% home range contours) via Brownian bridge movement models and assess habitat selection. Whooping Crane core-use areas (n = 283) ranged from 4.7 to 438.0 km2, and habitat selection changed seasonally as shallow water availability varied. Whooping Crane core-use areas were composed of more fresh marsh in spring/summer, but shifted towards rice and crawfish (Procambarus spp.) aquaculture in the fall/winter. Within core-use areas, aquaculture was most strongly selected, particularly in fall when fresh marsh became unsuitable. Overall, the shifting of Whooping Crane habitat selection over seasons is likely to require large, heterogeneous areas. Whooping Crane use of agricultural and natural wetlands may depend on spatio-temporal dynamics of water depth.

  18. Emprego da associação sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim no tratamento da paracoccidioidose (blastomicose Sul-Americana

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    P. N. Pedrosa

    1974-06-01

    Full Text Available Acentuando a necessidade da continuação das pesquisas terapêuticas em pacientes com paracoccidioidose (blastomicose sul-americana, os autores apresentam 23 pacientes submetidos a diferentes esquemas terapêuticos, sendo 14 virgens de tratamento e 9 com uso prévio de uma ou mais drogas. A associação sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim ( SMZ + TMP foi empregada em 5 pacientes virgens de tratamento e 9 sulfa-resistentes. Outros sete foram submetidos ao esquema clássico com sulfadoxina. Os pacientes que não responderam aos dois esquemas anteriores, com exceção de dois casos inicialmente graves, receberam anfotericina B. A avaliação clínica, radiológica, micológica e sorológica a longo prazo não demonstrou vantagens no emprego de SMZ + TMP em substituição aos sulfamídicos, nos pacientes virgens de tratamento. Entretanto, a associação SMZ + TMP parece ser uma opção válida nos casos sulfa-resistentes, onde teria primazia, considerando-se a toxicidade e necessidade de controle em regime hospitalar da anfotericina B. Ressaltam ainda a boa tolerância clínica e laboratorial da associação SMZ + TMP em cursos terapêuticos prolongados de até 2 anos, quando empregadas em baixas doses de manutenção.

  19. Altered Na+ transport after an intracellular alpha-subunit deletion reveals strict external sequential release of Na+ from the Na/K pump.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yaragatupalli, Siddhartha; Olivera, J Fernando; Gatto, Craig; Artigas, Pablo

    2009-09-08

    The Na/K pump actively exports 3 Na(+) in exchange for 2 K(+) across the plasmalemma of animal cells. As in other P-type ATPases, pump function is more effective when the relative affinity for transported ions is altered as the ion binding sites alternate between opposite sides of the membrane. Deletion of the five C-terminal residues from the alpha-subunit diminishes internal Na(+) (Na(i)(+)) affinity approximately 25-fold [Morth et al. (2007) Nature 450:1043-1049]. Because external Na(+) (Na(o)(+)) binding is voltage-dependent, we studied the reactions involving this process by using two-electrode and inside-out patch voltage clamp in normal and truncated (DeltaKESYY) Xenopus-alpha1 pumps expressed in oocytes. We observed that DeltaKESYY (i) decreased both Na(o)(+) and Na(i)(+) apparent affinities in the absence of K(o)(+), and (ii) did not affect apparent Na(o)(+) affinity at high K(o)(+). These results support a model of strict sequential external release of Na(+) ions, where the Na(+)-exclusive site releases Na(+) before the sites shared with K(+) and the DeltaKESYY deletion only reduces Na(o)(+) affinity at the shared sites. Moreover, at nonsaturating K(o)(+), DeltaKESYY induced an inward flow of Na(+) through Na/K pumps at negative potentials. Guanidinium(+) can also permeate truncated pumps, whereas N-methyl-D-glucamine cannot. Because guanidinium(o)(+) can also traverse normal Na/K pumps in the absence of both Na(o)(+) and K(o)(+) and can also inhibit Na/K pump currents in a Na(+)-like voltage-dependent manner, we conclude that the normal pathway transited by the first externally released Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).

  20. Efeito da densidade máxima teórica na dosagem e no comportamento mecânico de mistura asfáltica tipo CBUQ

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    Kamilla Lima Vasconcelos

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available

    A partir da densidade aparente dos agregados, da densidade aparente do corpo-de-prova compactado e da densidade máxima teórica (DMT determinam-se as características volumétricas de uma mistura asfáltica e, em vários métodos, sua dosagem quanto ao teor de ligante a ser empregado. Diferentes procedimentos na determinação da DMT podem levar a resultados distintos, acarretando em parâmetros volumétricos também distintos. No Brasil, a DMTé comumente calculada através de uma ponderação das densidades reais dos materiais constituintes da mistura. Neste trabalho, além do cálculo da DMT, são investigados dois procedimentos de laboratório para sua determinação: (i norma americana ASTM D 2041, que utiliza uma bomba de vácuo (método Rice e, (ii método utilizando querosene. São discutidas possíveis diferenças nos valores de DMT obtidos pelos procedimentos, avaliando a influência das diferenças nos parâmetros volumétricos e, conseqüentemente, na escolha do teor de projeto. Por fim, o comportamento mecânico das misturas cujo teor de ligante foi determinado pelos três métodos foi avaliado por meio dos ensaios de resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência e vida de fadiga a tensão controlada.

  1. Nova era & ciberespaço: ensaio prospectivo sobre suas afinidades eletivas a partir de um estudo de caso = New age and cyberspace: a prospective essay concerning their elective affinities – a case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jungblut, Airton Luiz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Busca-se neste artigo, de forma ensaística, indagar analiticamente sobre algumas afinidades eletivas que podem ser notadas entre ciberespaço e a religiosidade "new age". Como base para essa reflexão, foi analisado um evento religioso na internet promovido pela celebre apresentadora de televisão e atriz norte-americana Oprah Winfrey, entre março e maio de 2008.

  2. Nova era & ciberespaço: ensaio prospectivo sobre suas afinidades eletivas a partir de um estudo de caso = New age and cyberspace: a prospective essay concerning their elective affinities: a case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jungblut, Airton Luiz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Busca-se neste artigo, de forma ensaística, indagar analiticamente sobre algumas afinidades eletivas que podem ser notadas entre ciberespaço e a religiosidade "new age". Como base para essa reflexão, foi analisado um evento religioso na internet promovido pela celebre apresentadora de televisão e atriz norte-americana Oprah Winfrey, entre março e maio de 2008

  3. UJI STABILITAS FORMULA KRIM TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana L. Merr.

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    Islamudin Ahmad

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Has conducted research on formulation and stability of sunscreen cream onion bulb extract dayak ( Eleutherine Americana L. Merr . . From the empirical data for the onions dayak has been used as an anti- cancer prevention and treatment by people of Borneo so it needs to be further investigated to obtain the data laboratory to support the empirical data . Several classes of secondary metabolites found in the bulbs of onions dayak alkaloids , glycosides , flavonoids , phenolics , steroids and tannins . The study was conducted as the basis for the formulation of sunscreen preparations aimed at the prevention of skin cancer . The study was conducted with bulb onions dayak extraction using Soxhlet method with solvent n - hexane , ethyl acetate , n - butanol , and ethanol as the active ingredient of the formula of making preparations . Tests conducted on formulations A and B with the concentration of garlic bulb extract dayak by 0.1% , consisting of physical stability test ( organoleptic , homogeneity and chemical ( pH and dosage in order to obtain a stable dosage formula . The test results obtained on the organoleptic test was no change in the observations made on each preparation before and after storage at room temperature on day - 7 , -14 , and -21 . Then the homogeneity test of the hedonic test results at 95% confidence level ( SNI 01-2346-2006 , concluded that the homogeneity of the preparation in all formulas produced in the category of smooth . Further testing on the pH stability and pH 5.5 to 8.0 to be produced that Formula A and Formula B to pH 7.0 to 7.7 with various concentrations of the extract , after 21 days of storage , inferred pH remains stable and safe dosage for used ( SNI 16-4399-1996 as formula sunscreen preparations made from onion bulb extract dayak . Key words : bulb onions dayak, sunscreen, formulas, test stability, skin cancer   ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai formulasi dan stabilitas krim tabir surya ekstrak

  4. Estudo do polimorfismo genético da αS1-caseína em cabras, no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i3.551 Study of the genetic polymorphism of the αS1-casein in goats of Pernambuco State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i3.551

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurea Wischral

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O Estado de Pernambuco tem uma vocação pecuária, especialmente, para a exploração de caprinos. Dentre as proteínas, chamadas de caseínas, a αS1-caseína foi a primeira proteína comprovada com base no polimorfismo genético. Objetivando realizar a genotipagem de cabras criadas no sertão, agreste e zona da mata do Estado de Pernambuco, por meio da técnica de PCR-RFLP, estudou-se o polimorfismo do gene da αS1-caseína. Utilizaram-se 60 animais, divididos em três grupos de 20 animais, das raças Moxotó, Alpina Americana e SRD (Sem Raça Definida. A extração do DNA foi realizada com a utilização do protocolo fenol-clorofórmio, e o gene da αS1-caseína foi amplificado por meio da PCR (reação da polimerase em cadeia. Em seguida, foi utilizada a enzima de restrição XmnI para obter a freqüência alélica das raças estudadas. Encontrou-se, nos caprinos, os alelos da αS1-caseína B e D que foram predominantes para a raça nativa Moxotó e animais SRD (100%, e os alelos C e D, para a raça Alpina Americana (100%, concluindo-se que existem variações genéticas para o gene da αS1-caseína do leite das raças caprinas estudadas, embora se evidencie a proximidade genética entre a Moxotó e SRD.The Pernambuco State, has been a livestock area, mainly for the caprine exploration. Among the proteins, called caseins, the αS1-casein was the first proved protein with base in the genetic polymorphism. To genotype goats of the “sertão”, “agreste” and “zona da mata” regions of the Brazilian State of Pernambuco, through the PCR-RFLP technique, we studied the polymorphism of the αS1-casein gene. Sixty animals were used, divided in three groups of twenty animals of the races Moxotó, American Alpine and UB (Undefined Breed. The DNA extraction was done by the phenol-chloroform protocol and the αS1-casein gene was amplified through the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction. Then, the restriction enzyme XmnI was used to obtain the allele

  5. Active transport of Na+ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

    1987-01-01

    The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na + by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low [Na + ]/[K + ] ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N 1 -hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N 1 -methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na + in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective

  6. Investigation on U - O - Na, Pu - O - Na and U,Pu - O - Na phase diagrams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pillon, S.

    1989-03-01

    The thermochemical interaction between the nuclear fuel (uranium and plutonium mixed oxides) and the sodium has been investigated and particularly the three phase diagrams: U - O - Na; Pu - O - Na; U,Pu - O - Na. High temperature neutron diffraction, microcalorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of the compounds synthetized. This study allowed to complete the knowledge about each of these diagrams and to measure some physical and thermal properties on the compounds. The limits on the modelization of the fuel-sodium interaction are discussed from the results of the UO 2 - Na reaction [fr

  7. Ética e violência na teoria das relações internacionais: uma reflexão a partir do 11 de Setembro Ethics and violence in international relations theory: considerations after September 11

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    João P Nogueira

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Os atentados de setembro de 2001 representaram a mais significativa expressão de emprego da violência contra um estado soberano por um agente não-estatal na história do sistema internacional moderno. Esta constatação, por si mesma, deveria convidar ao debate sobre o estatuto do estado soberano na política mundial hoje, bem como dos fundamentos éticos constitutivos do sistema internacional. Lamentavelmente, boa parte da discussão se concentrou na resposta norte-americana e suas conseqüências, circunscrevendo-a aos parâmetros convencionais da lógica da anarquia. As condenações ao ato terrorista em si reproduziram, freqüentemente, a dualidade entre avaliação ética e análise política e caíram, inevitável e rapidamente, na irrelevância. Este trabalho levanta algumas questões sobre o uso da força na política internacional, de maneira a contribuir para uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos éticos da economia da violência no mundo, como parte de um esforço mais amplo de reformulação da teoria de relações internacionais.The attacks of September 2001 were the most significant instance of the use of force by a non-state agent against a sovereign state in the history of the modern international system. An event of such significance should, in itself, stimulate further discussion about the standing of states in world politics, as wells as on the ethical foundations of today's international system. Unfortunately, most debates have focused on the US response to the attacks and their consequences, circumscribed by the conventional standards of the logic of anarchy. Condemnations of the attacks have often reproduced the duality between ethical considerations and political analysis. This work raises some questions about the use of force in world politics in an attempt to contribute to a discussion about the ethical basis of the economy of violence today.

  8. Measurement of exchangeable sodium: 22Na or 24Na

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, T.; Edmonds, C.J.

    1987-01-01

    A case is made for the use of 22 Na in low activities in preference to 24 Na for routine diagnostic estimation of exchangeable sodium, and is based chiefly on considerations of availability, cost and radiation dosimetry. A method in which only 37 kBq (1 μCi) 22 Na is administered orally is shown to be sufficiently accurate and to possess distinct advantages in terms of cost and convenience with a committed radiation dose no greater than that for a measurement using 24 Na. (author)

  9. Suppression of Na interstitials in Na-F codoped ZnO

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huo, Wenxing; Mei, Zengxia; Tang, Aihua; Liang, Huili; Du, Xiaolong

    2018-04-01

    Controlling the formation of interstitial Na (Nai) self-compensating defects has been a long-term physics problem for effective Na doping in ZnO. Herein, we present an experimental approach to the suppression of Nai defects in ZnO via Na and F codoping under an oxygen-rich condition during the molecular beam epitaxy growth process. It is found that the incorporation of such large numbers of Na and F dopants (˜1020 cm-3) does not cause an obvious influence on the lattice parameters. Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that F doping efficiently raises the Fermi level (EF) of ZnO films, which is expected to make the formation energy of Nai and NaZn increase and decrease, respectively. Most of the Na atoms occupy the substitutional Zn sites, and the formation of Nai is suppressed consequently. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal that F and Na atoms are tightly bonded together due to their strong Coulomb interaction. The enhanced deep level emission (DLE) in ZnO:Na-F is ascribed to the considerable amount of isolated Zn vacancy (VZn) defects induced by the elevated EF and the formation of neutral (" separators="| FO + - Na Zn - ) 0 complexes. On the other hand, formation of (" separators="| FO + - VZn 2 - ) - complexes in ZnO:F exhausts most of the isolated Zn vacancies, leading to the disappearance of the DLE band.

  10. Natural products use for protection of seedling in planting trees Uso de produtos naturais para proteção de mudas na arborização de pastagens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valéria Cristina Zago

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Conventional productive systems have depleted environmental resources and weakened unsustainable agroecosystems. Silvopastoral systems can be a viable alternative for the recovery of degraded areas. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate natural products used to protect seedlings in planting trees in pastures which the cattle is permanently grazing and the seedlings have no mechanical restraint to keep the cattle away. The experiment was conducted at “Embrapa Gado de Corte”, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, from February 2nd 2005 to March 28th 2005. The statistical design employed was the split-plot random design, with ten replications. The following treatments were given to the plots: 1 cattle manure around the tree seedlings; 2 dried bovine blood; 3 crushed egg shells; and 4 no protection (control. The subplots contained five tree species: Myroxylon peruiferum (Bálsamo, Dipteryx alata (Cumbaru, Schizolobium parahyba (Guapuruvu, Genipa americana (Jenipapo and Mimosa caesalpineaefolia (Sansão do campo. Herbivory was intense for all treatments. The survival rate of S. parahyba was 72.5%, and 100% of M. caesalpineafolia died. Cattle manure produced the best results, with partial protection of tree seedlings. Application of egg or blood did not offer any protection to the young trees. The concentration and frequency of application of manure for seedling protection deserves further attention.Os sistemas de produção convencional têm esgotado os recursos ambientais, o que torna o agroecossistema frágil e insustentável. Sistemas silvipastoris podem ser alternativas viáveis na recuperação de pastagens degradadas. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar produtos naturais na implantação de espécies arbóreas em pastagens com presença constante de bovinos, sem proteção das mudas. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, MS, no período de 02/02/2005 a 28/03/2005. O delineamento

  11. O marxismo indo-americano de Mariátegui e a polêmica com a III Internacional Comunista.

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    María Gabriela Guillén

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Partindo da perspectiva marxista indo-americana de José Carlos Mariátegui, o artigo visa a exposição de fatores teóricos e históricos que culminaram na polêmica com a III Internacional Comunista na América Latina. A problemática evidencia a originalidade do pensamento de Mariátegui, cujo eixo central é a interpretação dos fatos históricos, políticos e sociais latino-americanos sob a perspectiva dialética do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado para explicar a dinâmica particular da realidade peruana.

  12. Doenças cerebrovasculares em pacientes entre 15 e 40 anos: achados neuropatológicos em 47 casos

    OpenAIRE

    Maggio, Everton M.; Montemór-Netto, Mário R; Gasparetto, Emerson L.; Reis-Filho, Jorge S.; Tironi, Fábio A.; Torres, Luiz F. Bleggi

    2001-01-01

    As doenças cerebrovasculares em pacientes entre 15 e 40 anos são pouco estudadas na literatura latino americana, principalmente no que tange aos achados neuropatológicos. Analisamos 47 encéfalos provenientes de necrópsias completas realizadas no período de 1987 a 1997 selecionados com base na faixa etária e alteração neuropatológica básica envolvendo fenômenos vasculares. Destes 47 casos analisados, 26 eram (55,3%) do sexo feminino. Quanto à distribuição etária, 12,8% (n=06) acometeram pacien...

  13. MASCULINIDADE EM ANÚNCIO(S): RECEPÇÃO PUBLICITÁRIA E IDENTIDADE DE GÊNERO

    OpenAIRE

    Filipe Bordinhão dos Santos

    2012-01-01

    A presente pesquisa propõe um estudo de recepção das representações sobre a masculinidade nos anúncios publicitários brasileiros veiculados na televisão aberta e o seu papel na formação da identidade de gênero de homens pertencentes a classes distintas. Alinhamo-nos à vertente dos estudos culturais, especialmente, à perspectiva teórico-metodológica latino-americana das mediações de Jesús Martín- Barbero. Ainda em termos teóricos, nossa ênfase está centrada nas discussões referentes à construç...

  14. OGLAŠEVANJE NA DRUŽBENIH OMREŽJIH NA PRIMERU FACEBOOKA

    OpenAIRE

    Novak, Martina

    2012-01-01

    V diplomskem delu obravnavamo družbene medije kot novo priložnost za promocijo in oglaševanje podjetij. Spoznali smo družbena omrežja na splošno in nekaj teh, ki jih uporabljamo tudi v Sloveniji na kratko predstavili. Podrobneje smo se osredotočili na družbeno omrežje Facebook, predvsem na samo spletno stran, njen izgled in storitve, ki jih ponuja uporabnikom. V nalogi je podrobneje opisan Facebook kot orodje za uporabo oglaševanja. Spoznali smo brezplačne in plačljive načine promocije in ogl...

  15. Distinct localization of FMRFamide- and bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like material in the brain, retrocerebral complex and suboesophageal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana L

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Verhaert, P; Grimmelikhuijzen, C J; De Loof, A

    1985-01-01

    One bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) antiserum and two FMRFamide antisera were applied in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique on a complete series of sections of brains, suboesophageal ganglia (SOG), corpora cardiaca (CC) and corpora allata of Periplaneta americana...... L. Double immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the same perikarya and processes were stained by both the BPP and FMRFamide antisera. This was caused by cross-reaction of the BPP and FMRFamide antisera with common antigenic determinants as was shown by a number of solid-phase absorptions....... Application of a third FMRFamide antiserum, which was especially selected for its inability to react with bovine and avian pancreatic polypeptide, showed that more than half of the structures that were stained with the 'unspecific' BPP and FMRFamide antisera, contained material which was genuinely FMRFamide...

  16. Na+,K+-ATPase Na+ affinity in rat skeletal muscle fiber types

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kristensen, Michael; Juel, Carsten

    2010-01-01

    Previous studies in expression systems have found different ion activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isozymes, which suggest that different muscles have different ion affinities. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was used to quantify Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, and the Na(+) affinity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase...

  17. Informação e conhecimento: análise da rede apl têxtil de americana/sp-Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cibele Roberta Sugahara

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available This paper reports on the analysis knowledge building process in the context of networked companies, more specifically in the American Textile Network APL/SP-Brazil (Local Productive Arrangement. To do so, a case study was used to analyze the information exchange for the development of joint activities in the Textile Network APL that incorporates several links of the textile supply chain (Spinning, Processing, Weaving and Tailoring, located in the surrounding of Americana,Sao Paulo. Based on earlier studies regarding the process of knowledge construction developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1997, a questionnaire with 7 (seven questions was applied to the experts making up the APL Textile network. The study involved 37 participant companies out of 51. From this instrument, it was possible to collect data to support the research regarding information exchange and knowledge sharing for the development of joint activities among the case study members. The work highlights the importance of sharing tacit knowledge that allows reconstructing and exploiting knowledge more broadly. That is why the externalization of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge is also required in a networked environment.

  18. Crystal structure of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the Na(+)-bound state.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nyblom, Maria; Poulsen, Hanne; Gourdon, Pontus; Reinhard, Linda; Andersson, Magnus; Lindahl, Erik; Fedosova, Natalya; Nissen, Poul

    2013-10-04

    The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 Å resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the α subunit whereas the β and γ subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.

  19. Educação em saúde: ensinando sobre a leishmaniose tegumentar americana Health education: teaching about American tegumentary leishmaniasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available Os conhecimentos sobre a circulação da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA, assim como sua percepção pela população local, são de grande valia para o estabelecimento de campanhas de controle, pois mobiliza a comunidade em ações sanitárias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo esclarecer alunos e professores do ensino fundamental (1ª a 4ª série das Escolas Municipais de Maricá sobre a LTA, por meio de palestras, cartazes e cartilhas com atividades, visando à conscientização do grupo. Em sete Escolas Municipais, foram ministradas palestras e atividades a 1.314 alunos do ensino fundamental e 56 professores. Foram também distribuídas cartilhas aos alunos com atividades para a fixação do assunto. Após dois meses, uma escola foi eleita para avaliação (Escola E, sendo que, dos 213 alunos que assistiram a palestra, 198 responderam ao questionário, 178 (89,9% lembravam da doença, e 125 (63,1% responderam corretamente como ocorria a transmissão. Assim, crianças e professores informados podem funcionar como difusores da informação em Saúde na sua comunidade, sendo capazes de atuar de forma relevante no controle de endemias.Knowledge on the circulation of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL and perception by the local population are highly relevant for developing a control program, since they mobilize the community for effective health measures. This work aimed to orient primary school teachers and pupils (grades 1 through 4 in the public school system in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, on ATL, using talks, posters, and leaflets with an interactive approach. Talks were given in seven municipal schools, and activities were held with 1,314 pupils and 56 teachers. Leaflets were distributed to the pupils with activities to help consolidate the content. Two months later one school was chosen for post-evaluation. Of the 213 pupils who had attended the talk, 198 answered a questionnaire, of whom 178 (89.9% could remember

  20. Resiliência na área da Enfermagem em Oncologia Resiliencia en el área de Enfermería en Oncologia Resilience and oncology nursing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise de Assis de Corrêa Sória

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou mapear a produção científica, nacional e internacional, sobre a resiliência na Enfermagem em Oncologia e discutir sua aplicabilidade na assistência. Resiliência origina-se do latim resiliens e significa saltar para trás, voltar, ser impelido, recuar, encolher-se, romper. Trata-se de revisão sistemática sem meta análise nas bases de dados Public Medical (PubMed, Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF e nos sites da Oncology Nursing Society e da International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care. Os descritores foram: resilience e nursing; resilience, cancer e oncology; resilience, nursing, cancer e oncology; resiliência e enfermagem; resiliência, câncer e oncologia; resiliência, enfermagem, câncer e oncologia. Foram encontrados 116 artigos e selecionados cinco artigos que abordam a resiliência vinculada à Enfermagem em Oncologia. Verifica-se uma lacuna na utilização do conceito na Enfermagem em Oncologia na América Latina, e incipiência nas produções internacionais. Há necessidade do incremento da abordagem da resiliência nessa área e ampliação da discussão na temática.En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo listar la producción científica nacional e internacional, sobre la resiliencia en el área de Enfermería en Oncología y discutir su aplicabilidad en la asistencia. La resiliencia se origina del latin resiliens y significa saltar hacia atrás, volver, ser impelido, retroceder, encogerse, romper. Se trata de una revisión sistemática sin meta análisis realizada en las bases de datos Public Medical (PubMed, Literatura Internacional en Ciencias de la Salud (Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS y Base de Datos de Enfermería (BDENF y en los sites de la Oncology Nursing Society y de la International Society of Nurses in Cancer

  1. Zpráva o prvním archeobotanickém nálezu líčidla amerického (Phytolacca americana L.) ve střední Evropě a o dalších druzích užitkových rostlin z Prahy-Hradčan

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Čulíková, Věra

    2007-01-01

    Roč. 59, č. 2 (2007), s. 353-370 ISSN 0323-1267 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : plant macroremains * medieval time * early modern times * Prague-Hradčany * utility plants * Phytolacca americana Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

  2. Potential production and growth analysis of local variety and Americana variety of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sumakud, M.Y.M.A.

    2000-01-01

    Soybean needs high radiation intensity for photosynthesis process; therefore 100 percent of the sunlight are needed. Due to increasing the soybean production, the environment factor such as climate, soil and management are needed. One of the environment factor that influence the growth and dry matter production is radiation. This research done was to see the potential production of local variety and Americana variety by observing the total radiation absorption, temperature, rainfall and humidity. Therefore the objective of this research was to know the potential production in tropic area in soybean. If the production is mainly determined by the high growth rate or the length of phase linear or both of them also by the efficiency of radiation that received by the plant. The method of this research was carried out by using completed randomized design, with three replications. The result showed that the growth and the production of soybean are determined by growth rate (Cm) and the length of growth linear (tm). Dry matter of soybean is determined by growth rate instead of the length of growth linear, for efficiency of radiation are not significant. Pod formation is determined by the growth rate, content of pods is determined by the length of linear growth

  3. Transcriptomic Analysis of Avocado Hass (Persea americana Mill) in the Interaction System Fruit-Chitosan-Colletotrichum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xoca-Orozco, Luis-Ángel; Cuellar-Torres, Esther Angélica; González-Morales, Sandra; Gutiérrez-Martínez, Porfirio; López-García, Ulises; Herrera-Estrella, Luis; Vega-Arreguín, Julio; Chacón-López, Alejandra

    2017-01-01

    Avocado ( Persea americana ) is one of the most important crops in Mexico as it is the main producer, consumer, and exporter of avocado fruit in the world. However, successful avocado commercialization is often reduced by large postharvest losses due to Colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of anthracnose. Chitosan is known to have a direct antifungal effect and acts also as an elicitor capable of stimulating a defense response in plants. However, there is little information regarding the genes that are either activated or repressed in fruits treated with chitosan. The aim of this study was to identify by RNA-seq the genes differentially regulated by the action of low molecular weight chitosan in the avocado-chitosan- Colletotrichum interaction system. The samples for RNA-seq were obtained from fruits treated with chitosan, fruits inoculated with Colletotrichum and fruits both treated with chitosan and inoculated with the fungus. Non-treated and non-inoculated fruits were also analyzed. Expression profiles showed that in short times, the fruit-chitosan system presented a greater number of differentially expressed genes, compared to the fruit-pathogen system. Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes showed a large number of metabolic processes regulated by chitosan, including those preventing the spread of Colletotrichum . It was also found that there is a high correlation between the expression of genes in silico and qPCR of several genes involved in different metabolic pathways.

  4. De la independencia a la natural barbarie americana. Una lectura del Facundo de Domingo F. Sarmiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maura Brighenti

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta una lectura del "Facundo" de Domingo F. Sarmiento y, en particular, de su más general visión de la historia y de la realidad argentina y latinoamericana a partir del esquema dicotómico de civilización y barbarie que tendrá mucha suerte en las narraciones de los procesos del modernización latinoamericanos por lo menos hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A través del análisis de algunos entre los múltiples niveles narrativos del "Facundo" se quiere mostrar como tal imagen dicotómica se va cristalizando en el texto. Partiendo del espacio infinito y vacío de la pampa y pasando por una antropología del gaucho - de su manera de vivir y de conducir la guerra - Sarmiento conduce el lector hasta la forma típicamente americana de despotismo, el caudillismo, llegado en Argentina a su epopeya final con el régimen de Juan M. de Rosas. En la última parte se intenta injertar el esquema dicotómico del Facundo al interior de la más general reflexión del Occidente sobre la modernidad y sus alteridades, a través por un lado del prisma orientalista y por el otro de las mismas fuentes del pensamiento moderno europeo y en particular de Locke y Hobbes.

  5. Effects of Persea americana Mill. seed extracts on the postembryonic development of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscoide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia del C. Molina Bertrán

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Context: The synthetic insecticides used to control Diptera are harmful to the environment and humans. Extracts and compounds from plants are a more sustainable source for the development of bio-insecticides. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a hydroalcoholic extract of Persea americana Mill seeds as an alternative control of the species Musca domestica. Methods: The extracts were obtained by two methods, the Shaker (S and the Soxhlet extraction (SE method, using 94% ethanol as the solvent. Also, the qualitative chemical composition was determined by phytochemical screening. The effect of the two extracts on the post-embryonic development of the fly as well as the adulticidal effect was evaluated. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, sugars and amino acids. The influence on the post-embryonic development of M. domestica was demonstrated, especially on the viability of larvae and neolarvae to adults; however, the effect on the weight and duration of each period was low. The adulticidal effects of the extracts were determined by the lethal concentration 50(LC50 of 2.910 mg/100 mL and 3.944 mg/100 mL for the S and SE extracts, respectively. Conclusions: Both extracts showed their insecticidal effects against Musca domestica, but the extract elaborated by S method showed greater influence diminishing viability and better adulticidal effect.

  6. BIOLOGÍA DE OLIGONYCHUS YOTHERSI (MCGREGOR (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE SOBRE AGUACATE PERSEA AMERICANA MILL. CV. LORENA (LAURACEAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reyes Julian C

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la biología del ácaro rojo Oligonychus yothersi en condiciones controladas(26 ± 3°C 56 ± 3% HR, sobre hojas maduras de aguacate, Persea americana Mill. cv.Lorena. Las observaciones se realizaron durante una generación del ácaro. La duraciónde todos los estados, a excepción del adulto, fueron los siguientes: huevo 119.06 horas±13.77 (4.96 días; larva 54.09 horas ± 18.48 (2.25 días, protocrisálida 18.22 ± 9.53(0.76 días, protoninfa 50.62 horas ± 13.29 (2.11 días, deutocrisalida 21.66 horas ±7.78 (0.90 días, deutoninfa 62.54 horas ± 12.85 (2.61 días y teliocrisalida 30.79 horas± 13.28 (1.28 días. La duración total de huevo a emergencia de adulto fue estimadaen 344.21 horas (14.34 días. La relación de sexos encontrada fue de 4.8 hembras: 1macho. Los parámetros poblacionales, i.e., longevidad, fecundidad, tasa intrínsecade crecimiento (r m , tiempo de duplicación y tiempo generacional, sugieren un altopotencial reproductivo y de desarrollo del ácaro sobre aguacate cv. Lorena.

  7. Isolation and Purification of an Antibacterial Protein from Immune Induced Haemolymph of American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hamid Reza Basseri

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Background: Antimicrobial peptides play a role as effectors substances in the immunity of vertebrate and inverte­brate hosts. In the current study, antimicrobial peptide was isolated from the haemolymph of the American cock­roach, Periplaneta americana.Methods: Micrococcus luteus as Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria were candi­date for injection. Induction was done by injecting both bacteria into the abdominal cavity of two groups of cock­roaches separately. The haemolymphs were collected 24 hours after post injection and initially tested against both bacteria. Subsequently, the immune induced haemolymph was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC to separate the proteins responsible for the antibacterial activity.Results: The non-induced haemolymph did not show any activity against both bacteria whereas induced haemo­lymph exhibited high activity against M. luteus but did less against E. coli. Two fractions showed antibacterial activ­ity against M. luteus. Finally the molecular weight of the isolated antibacterial proteins were determined as 72 kDa and 62 kDa using SDS-PAGE.Conclusion: Induced haemolymph of American cockroaches has the ability to produce peptides to combat against Gram-positive bacteria when an immune challenge is mounted. Further work has to be done to sequence of the pro­tein, which it would be advantageous.

  8. The role of gut microbiota in the regulation of standard metabolic rate in female Periplaneta americana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paul A. Ayayee

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Insect gut microbiota contribute significantly to host nutritional ecology. Disrupting insect gut microbial assemblages impacts nutrient provisioning functions, and can potentially affect host standard metabolic rate (SMR, a measure of host energy balance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of disrupting gut microbial assemblages on the SMR of female Periplaneta americana cockroaches fed dog food (DF, high protein/carbohydrate (p/c ratio, and cellulose-amended dog food (CADF, 30% dog food, 70% cellulose, low p/c ratio diets, supplemented with none, low, or high antibiotic doses. Bacterial loads decreased significantly between diet types (P = 0.04 and across antibiotic doses (P = 0.04. There was a significant diet type x antibiotic dose interaction on SMR of females on both diets (P = 0.05 by the end of the seven-day experimental period. In CADF-fed females, SMR decreased linearly with decreasing bacterial load. However, SMR of DF-fed females on the low dose was significantly higher than those in the control and high dose groups. This is interpreted as a diet-dependent response by low dose DF-fed females to the loss of nutritional services provided by gut bacteria. Severe reductions in bacterial load at high doses reduced SMR of females on both diet types. This study provides insights into the potential role of gut bacteria as modulators of host energy expenditure under varying dietary conditions.

  9. Meltability in system of K2TaF7-NaF-NaCl-KCl

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kartsev, V.E.; Kovalev, F.V.; Korshunov, B.G.

    1975-01-01

    Thermographic and visual-polythermal techniques were used to study the meltability in K 2 TaF 7 -NaF-NaCl-KCl system. The tetrahedron-forming sections NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl and NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl divide the concentration tetrahedron into three particular tetrahedra: NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl-K 2 TaF 7 , NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xaCl, and NaF-NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl. Non-variant equilibrium points in all of the particular four-component systems have been determined

  10. A Construção da Polémica da Hegemonia e da Diferença nos Estudos sobre Linguagem e Diferença Sexual (A propósito de You Just Don’t Understand, de Deborah Tannen)

    OpenAIRE

    Keating, Maria Clara

    1994-01-01

    A questão da construção da diferença sexual na linguagem tem vindo a ser objecto de intensas controvérsias, às quais a sociolinguística não é indiferente. Partindo de uma leitura crítica do recente bestseller da norte-americana Deborah Tannen, procede-se a uma avaliação de várias abordagens presentes no debate em curso

  11. Argentine Civil-Military Relations. From Alfonsin to Menem

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002-11-01

    prison, and although los carap- intada organized as the Movement for Ibero-American Integration and Na- tional Identity (Movimiento de Identidad ...total army personnel (1983–1989), 80 United States Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System and, 83 MINEII. See Movimiento de Identidad Nacional e...133 Movimentismo, 18–19, 31–32, 36, 167 Movimento Todos por la Patria, 73 Movimiento de Identidad Nacional e Integración Ibero-Americana, 133

  12. TENSÕES CURRICULARES E NARRATIVAS: o ensino de História da América LatinaHISTORY TEACHING: curricular policies, school culture, knowledge and teaching practices

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel ALS Venera

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho versa sobre parte das análises resultantes da pesquisa intitulada “A Escola e os jovens no mundo contemporâneo: processos de formação histórica latino americana” desenvolvida em duas escolas na cidade de Florianópolis, de 2009 a 2011. Essas escolas são públicas e campos de estágio de formação inicial de professores de História da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa empírica foi desenvolvida junto aos jovens da sétima série do Ensino Fundamental e investigou a formação da consciência histórica latino americana. Para esse artigo, especificamente, o foco é a relação entre as escolhas curriculares para o Ensino de História, das duas escolas e a inferência delas nas narrativas dos estudantes acerca da História latino americana. Busca-se uma leitura conceitual de currículo, a partir dos Estudos Culturais, que permite a percepção de tensões políticas na construção de pertencimentos e identidades dos jovens e que foram expressas em suas narrativas sobre a América Latina. As análises aqui apresentadas dão visibilidade às disputas na construção de memórias e identidades, no interior do currículo, que atuam na orientação da vida presente dos jovens e na construção de perspectivas de futuros. Neste movimento são realizadas escolhas que mobilizam determinados saberes de acordo com os sujeitos que se deseja formar e as identidades que se pretende construir.

  13. Active transport of Na/sup +/ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

    1987-02-20

    The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na/sup +/ by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low (Na/sup +/)/(K/sup +/) ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N/sub 1/-hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N/sub 1/-methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na/sup +/ in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective.

  14. Relationship between intracellular Na+ concentration and reduced Na+ affinity in Na+,K+-ATPase mutants causing neurological disease

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Toustrup-Jensen, Mads Schak; Einholm, Anja P.; Schack, Vivien

    The neurological disorders familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) are caused by mutations of Na+,K+-ATPase α2 and α3 isoforms, expressed in glial and neuronal cells, respectively. Although these disorders......, addressing the question to what extent they cause a change of the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations ([Na+]i and [K+]i) in COS cells. C-terminal extension mutants generally showed dramatically reduced Na+ affinity without disturbance of K+ binding, as did other RDP mutants. No phosphorylation from ATP...

  15. Transpiração em espécie de grande porte na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará Transpiration in large size species in Caxiuanã National Forest, in the State of Pará, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael F. da Costa

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Durante o experimento "O Impacto da Seca Prolongada nos Fluxos de Água e Dióxido de Carbono em uma Floresta Tropical Amazônica" (ESECAFLOR realizou-se este trabalho. Trata-se de um subprojeto do Experimento de Grande escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera da Amazônia (LBA, localizado na Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, dentro da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará (1º 42- 30-- S; 51º 31-45-- W; 62 m altitude. A região tem floresta bem preservada, com dossel médio de 35 m. As espécies predominantes em terra-firme, são: Eschweilera coriacea (Mata-matá branco, Voucapoua americana (Acapu e Protium pallidum (Breu Branco. Medidas foram realizadas entre 03 a 16 de dezembro de 2000 e 12 a 25 de janeiro de 2003, objetivando-se determinar a transpiração de dois exemplares de Eschweilera coriacea, mediante os efeitos da seca provocada. A área do ESECAFLOR compreende duas parcelas, cada uma com 1 ha, parcela A (controle e parcela B (exclusão da chuva. Para o fluxo de seiva, o método foi o Balanço de Calor no Tronco, com sistema Sap Flow meter, P4.1; entre os períodos analisados, a transpiração média registrou aumento de 56% na árvore A237 (parcela A e redução de 68% na árvore B381 (parcela B.During the "Long-term impact of drought on water and carbon dioxide fluxes in Amazonian Tropical Rainforest Experiment" (ESECAFLOR, this study was carried out, which is a subproject of Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazônia (LBA, located in the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station (FPSS in the Caxiuanã National Forest (CNF in Pará State (1º 42- 30-- S; 51º 31-45-- W; 62 m altitude. The region has a well-preserved forest, with canopy of 35 m. The predominate tree species in the landscape are Eschweilera coriacea (White Matá-matá, Voucapoua americana (Acapu and Protium pallidum (White Pitch. Sap flow measurements were made in the wet season (03-16 December 2000 and 12-25 January 2003, to evidence the effect of long term induced

  16. MOŽNOSTI VSTOPA NA TUJE TRGE NA PRIMERU PODJETJA AWOODTURE

    OpenAIRE

    Orličnik, Urša

    2014-01-01

    Danes pojavljanje podjetja samo na domačem trgu ni več dovolj. Spremembe okolja, naraščanje konkurence ter hiter tehnološki napredek, silijo podjetja k nenehnemu prilagajanju in iskanju novih priložnosti tako na domačem kot tudi na tujem trgu. Internacionalizacija podjetja tako postaja vedno bolj pomemembna za preživetje podjetja. Internacionalizacija se v najširšem smislu nanaša na vse oblike mednarodnega ekonomskega sodelovanja. Je dinamičen proces, kateremu nujno sledi sprememba stanja...

  17. Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes

    OpenAIRE

    Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W.

    2017-01-01

    The Na/K pump exports cytoplasmic Na ions while importing K ions, and its activity is thought to be affected by restricted intracellular Na diffusion in cardiac myocytes. Lu and Hilgemann find instead that the pump can enter an inactivated state and that inactivation can be relieved by cytoplasmic Na.

  18. O que significa tornar-se outro? Xamanismo e contato interétnico na Amazônia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vilaça Aparecida

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir da análise da etnografia wari' (Amazônia Meridional, justaposta a outros materiais etnográficos das terras baixas sul-americanas, o artigo pretende mostrar que o idioma da corporalidade, central para o entendimento da capacidade do xamã de mudar de identidade, transformando-se em animal, é essencial para se pensar, no contexto ameríndio, a experiência do mundo dos Brancos.

  19. Terpenoid variations within and among half-sibling avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jerome Niogret

    Full Text Available Chemical analyses were conducted to determine the qualitative and quantitative differences in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in plant material from avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae. The initial study analyzed plant material sampled from the trunk to the leaves through different branch diameters to quantify proximo-distal spatial differences within a tree. All trees were seedlings initiated from a single maternal tree. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted on 34 chemicals that comprised at least 3% of the total chemical content of at least one tree and/or location within a tree. There were significant interactions between genotype and location sampled for most chemicals. Parentage analysis using microsatellite molecular markers (SSR's determined that the four trees had three fathers and that they represented two full-siblings and two half-sibling trees. Descriptive discriminant analysis found that both genotype and location within a tree could be separated based on chemical content, and that the chemical content from full-siblings tended to be more similar than chemical content from half-siblings. To further explore the relationship between genetic background and chemical content, samples were analyzed from leaf material from 20 trees that included two sets of full-sibling seedling trees, the maternal tree and the surviving paternal tree. Descriptive discriminant analysis found good separation between the two full-sibling groups, and that the separation was associated with chemistry of the parental trees. Six groups of chemicals were identified that explained the variation among the trees. We discuss the results in relation to the discrimination process used by wood-boring insects for site-selection on host trees, for tree selection among potential host trees, and the potential use of terpenoid chemical content in chemotaxonomy of avocado trees.

  20. Experimental study of convective coefficient of mass transfer of avocado (Persia americana Mill.)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alves, Suerda Bezerra; Luiz, Marcia Ramos; Amorim, Joselma Araujo de; Gusmao, Rennam Pereira de; Gurgel, Jose Mauricio [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (LES/UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Lab. de Energia Solar

    2010-07-01

    Most of all energy consumed worldwide comes from fossil fuels derived from petroleum. With the petroleum crisis in the 70 were sought new energy sources, among them renewable. One such source is biodiesel energy, organic matter originated from animal and/or vegetable. Among the various plant species is the avocado (Persia americana Mill.) showing great potential in the production of petroleum extracted from the pulp and the alcohol removed from the seed. The main obstacle for obtaining the petroleum is the high humidity found in the pulp, being necessary to the drying process, which involves the transfer of heat and mass. The aim of this study was to use the mathematical model represented by Newton's Law of Cooling to simulate the mass transfer on the surface of the avocado pulp during the drying process. The equation of the mathematical model was solved numerically and the method of least squares was identified convective coefficient of Mass Transfer. The dryer used in the experimental process was operated with air flow in the vertical, air flow average fixed 3m/s and temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 deg C. The scheme of the dryer used in the research is composed of the following equipment: centrifugal fan, which drives the air-drying; valve, which allows control of airflow; electrical resistance, used for heating air; the drying chamber, where enables measurement of temperature and relative humidity; support for smaller trays; trays smaller, where the samples of the pulp of the avocado are placed; exit of the air of drying for the environment. The result presented shows the ratio of moisture content as a function of temperature over time, where it is possible to also observe that how much bigger the temperature of drying, greater will be the convective coefficient of mass transfer of the avocado. (author)

  1. Terpenoid variations within and among half-sibling avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niogret, Jerome; Epsky, Nancy D; Schnell, Raymond J; Boza, Edward J; Kendra, Paul E; Heath, Robert R

    2013-01-01

    Chemical analyses were conducted to determine the qualitative and quantitative differences in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in plant material from avocado trees, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae). The initial study analyzed plant material sampled from the trunk to the leaves through different branch diameters to quantify proximo-distal spatial differences within a tree. All trees were seedlings initiated from a single maternal tree. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted on 34 chemicals that comprised at least 3% of the total chemical content of at least one tree and/or location within a tree. There were significant interactions between genotype and location sampled for most chemicals. Parentage analysis using microsatellite molecular markers (SSR's) determined that the four trees had three fathers and that they represented two full-siblings and two half-sibling trees. Descriptive discriminant analysis found that both genotype and location within a tree could be separated based on chemical content, and that the chemical content from full-siblings tended to be more similar than chemical content from half-siblings. To further explore the relationship between genetic background and chemical content, samples were analyzed from leaf material from 20 trees that included two sets of full-sibling seedling trees, the maternal tree and the surviving paternal tree. Descriptive discriminant analysis found good separation between the two full-sibling groups, and that the separation was associated with chemistry of the parental trees. Six groups of chemicals were identified that explained the variation among the trees. We discuss the results in relation to the discrimination process used by wood-boring insects for site-selection on host trees, for tree selection among potential host trees, and the potential use of terpenoid chemical content in chemotaxonomy of avocado trees.

  2. Geodinâmica de superfícies de aplanamento, desnudação continental e tectônica ativa como condicionantes da megageomorfologia do Brasil orienta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Célio Valadão

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available A megageomorfologia do Brasil Oriental é avaliada, neste trabalho, a partir da análise da desnudação continental mesocenozóica, das superfícies de aplanamento elaboradas em razão desse processo e dos soerguimentos crustais a ele associados. Muitos resultados alcançados diferem significativamente daqueles apresentados em trabalhos prévios, particularmente no que se refere à gênese e diversidade das superfícies de aplanamento, ao mecanismo de evolução da paisagem desde a fragmentação do Gondwana-Oeste, e à magnitude e amplitude dos soerguimentos crustais neocenozóicos. A história fanerozóica do relevo do Brasil Oriental foi pontuada por episódios de intensa desnudação e pelo acúmulo de espessa sequência sedimentar em bacias marginais e interiores. Desde o Paleozóico, grande parte da área investigada permaneceu soerguida e em acelerado processo erosivo, particularmente a região em que atualmente se localiza a Serra do Espinhaço mineiro e baiano e a Chapada Diamantina. O processo de individualização da Placa Sul-Americana e abertura do Atlântico Sul, iniciado no Mesozóico, imprimiu novo ritmo à desnudação do continente, cuja justaposição ao caráter episódico dos soerguimentos crustais culminou, na área investigada, na elaboração de três amplas superfícies de aplanamento: (iSuperfície Sul-Americana; (ii Superfície Sul-Americana I; (iii Superfície Sul-Americana II. A elaboração dessas superfícies foi acompanhada pelo recuo do Grande Escarpamento, uma proeminente feição do relevo herdada do processo de rifteamento da margem continental leste brasileira. Esse escarpamento constitui um divisor hidrográfico de expressão regional, separando a bacia do Rio São Francisco, caracterizada pela reduzida capacidade desnudacional, daquelas bacias articuladas diretamente ao nível de base do Oceano Atlântico, mais agressivas.

  3. Tratamiento contable de las transacciones separadas en las combinaciones de negocios. Proceso armonizador de la normativa contable internacional (IFRS y americana (FAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montserrat Manzaneque Lizano

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios introducidos en la FAS 141(R (2007 americana y en la IFRS 3 (R (2008, con el fin de armonizar los aspectos contables de las operaciones referentes a la combinación de negocios, han puesto de manifiesto la existencia de determinadas transacciones que no forman parte de la propia combinación y a las que se denomina transacciones separadas, cuya delimitación de la combinación de negocios queda dispersa en ambas normas, por lo que en ocasiones resulta poco clarificador. Así, este trabajo pretende facilitar al lector la comprensión de su tratamiento contable abordando la problemática de identificar las transacciones que se producen, y las que no, como consecuencia de la combinación de negocios, el tratamiento contable de esta disyuntiva y su efecto sobre el reconocimiento y valoración del fondo de comercio (cuenta de crédito mercantil.

  4. Development of a Polyphenol Oxidase Biosensor from Jenipapo Fruit Extract (Genipa americana L. and Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Textile Industrial Effluents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Souza Antunes

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available In this work, an innovative polyphenol oxidase biosensor was developed from Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. fruit and used to assess phenolic compounds in industrial effluent samples obtained from a textile industry located in Jaraguá-GO, Brasil. The biosensor was prepared and optimized according to: the proportion of crude vegetal extract, pH and overall voltammetric parameters for differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration curve presented a linear interval from 10 to 310 µM (r2 = 0.9982 and a limit of detection of 7 µM. Biosensor stability was evaluated throughout 15 days, and it exhibited 88.22% of the initial response. The amount of catechol standard recovered post analysis varied between 87.50% and 96.00%. Moreover, the biosensor was able to detect phenolic compounds in a real sample, and the results were in accordance with standard spectrophotometric assays. Therefore, the innovatively-designed biosensor hereby proposed is a promising tool for phenolic compound detection and quantification when environmental contaminants are concerned.

  5. Governança corporativa na América Latina: a relevância dos princípios da OCDE na integridade dos conselhos e autonomia dos conselheiros

    OpenAIRE

    Kitagawa,Carlos Henrique; Ribeiro,Maísa de Souza

    2009-01-01

    Os conselhos de administração são caracterizados como um importante elemento da boa governança corporativa. Nesse sentido, este trabalho busca identificar as práticas de governança das empresas latino-americanas aos princípios recomendados pela Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, OCDE, para essa região (Brasil, Argentina, México e Chile). Dentre os sete princípios por ela recomendados para a América Latina, este trabalho tem como foco apenas o quinto princípio, que trata ...

  6. Homossexualidade e o direito à saúde: um desafio para as políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grayce Alencar Albuquerque

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se evidenciar a atuação das políticas públicas direcionadas à saúde da população homossexual brasileira. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO e na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs, utilizando os Decs: políticas públicas, assistência integral à saúde e homossexualidade. A saúde LGBT é apontada como vulnerável mesmo após a publicação de importantes documentos que garantem o acesso e a inclusão do grupo na saúde. A fragilidade na efetivação das propostas preconizadas vão ao encontro ao atendimento discriminatório e heteronormativo prestado pelos profissionais de saúde.

  7. Avaliação sorológica para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania em cães e gatos no bairro de Santa Rita de Cássia, Município de Barra Mansa, Estado do Rio de Janeiro Serological evaluation for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in dogs and cats in the district of Santa Rita de Cássia, municipality of Barra Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiano Borges Figueiredo

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available A partir de um caso canino de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na localidade de Santa Rita de Cássia, município de Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado um inquérito sorológico em 177 cães e 43 gatos. Na avaliação das amostras de soros caninos, 10% foram positivos na reação de imunofluorescência indireta e 10,7% no ensaio imunoenzimático. Entre as amostras de soros felinos testados, nenhum animal foi positivo na reação de imunofluorescência indireta e apenas um (2,4% felino apresentou reação positiva ao ensaio imunoenzimático. A detecção de Leishmania braziliensis, autóctone em Barra Mansa, faz um alerta para a instalação de um possível foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana nessa região.From a canine case of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the locality of Santa Rita de Cássia, municipality of Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, a serological survey was performed on 177 dogs and 43 cats. Evaluation of the canine serum samples showed that 10% had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and 10.7% in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the feline serum samples tested, none of the animals had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and only one (2.4% showed a positive reaction in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The detection of an autochthonous case of Leishmania braziliensis in Barra Mansa gives warning that a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis is possibly becoming established in this region.

  8. Coccidian Parasites and Conservation Implications for the Endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miranda R Bertram

    Full Text Available While the population of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana has grown from 15 individuals in 1941 to an estimated 304 birds today, the population growth is not sufficient to support a down-listing of the species to threatened status. The degree to which disease may be limiting the population growth of whooping cranes is unknown. One disease of potential concern is caused by two crane-associated Eimeria species: Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi. Unlike most species of Eimeria, which are localized to the intestinal tract, these crane-associated species may multiply systemically and cause a potentially fatal disease. Using a non-invasive sampling approach, we assessed the prevalence and phenology of Eimeria oocysts in whooping crane fecal samples collected across two winter seasons (November 2012-April 2014 at the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge along the Texas Gulf coast. We also compared the ability of microscopy and PCR to detect Eimeria in fecal samples. Across both years, 26.5% (n = 328 of fecal samples were positive for Eimeria based on microscopy. Although the sensitivity of PCR for detecting Eimeria infections seemed to be less than that of microscopy in the first year of the study (8.9% vs. 29.3%, respectively, an improved DNA extraction protocol resulted in increased sensitivity of PCR relative to microscopy in the second year of the study (27.6% and 20.8%, respectively. The proportion of positive samples did not vary significantly between years or among sampling sites. The proportion of Eimeria positive fecal samples varied with date of collection, but there was no consistent pattern of parasite shedding between the two years. We demonstrate that non-invasive fecal collections combined with PCR and DNA sequencing techniques provides a useful tool for monitoring Eimeria infection in cranes. Understanding the epidemiology of coccidiosis is important for management efforts to increase population growth of the endangered whooping

  9. Vpliv toplotnih mostov na porabo energije za ogrevanje na primeru osnovne šole

    OpenAIRE

    Megušar, Primož

    2015-01-01

    Na primeru Osnovne šole Dobrova sem preveril, kakšen vpliv imajo dejanski toplotni mostovi na porabo energije za ogrevanje. Iz načrtov stavbe sem evidentiral vse toplotne mostove, kateri vplivajo na porabo energije. Tem toplotnim mostovom sem nato v standardu SIST EN ISO 14683 poiskal ustrezne približke. Nato sem s programom TOST izvedel tri simulacije. V prvem primeru toplotnih mostov nisem upošteval. V drugem primeru sem toplotne mostove upošteval na poenostavljen način, v zadnjem primeru p...

  10. Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

    OpenAIRE

    Reznik, V M; Schneider, J A; Mendoza, S A

    1981-01-01

    The Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump was measured in skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis and age/sex-matched controls. Under basal conditions, there was no difference between control and cystic fibrosis cells in protein per cell, intracellular Na and K content, or Na/K pump activity (measured as ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake). There was no difference in the Na dependence of the Na/K pump between cystic fibrosis cells and control cells. In cells from patients with cystic fi...

  11. Ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana: uma análise multivariada dos circuitos espaciais de produção, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2007 a 2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Oliveira Dias Temponi

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi explicar a associação dos fatores socioambientais e dos grandes usos da terra com a ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA nos circuitos espaciais de produção, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico do tipo analítico, baseado em dados secundários de casos de LTA dividido por triênio, no período entre 2007 a 2011, cujas unidades de análise foram os municípios pertencentes aos circuitos espaciais. Duas etapas distintas foram realizadas, sendo a elaboração de mapas temáticos com a identificação dos circuitos a primeira, e na segunda etapa um novo indicador casos de LTA por densidade demográfica foi associado com indicadores socioambientais e dos grandes usos da terra submetidos à análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP. Para o período avaliado, identificou-se três circuitos distribuídos nas mesorregiões Norte de Minas Gerais, Vale do Rio Doce e Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Houve forte associação dos casos de LTA por densidade demográfica com lavoura temporária, pastagem natural, floresta natural, terras inaproveitáveis e população rural, e uma fraca associação com pastagem plantada. A associação de casos com variáveis dos grandes usos da terra em diferentes perfis agropecuários demonstra o caráter ocupacional da LTA, associado principalmente com trabalhadores da zona rural. A associação da doença com as variáveis ambientais e deficiência das condições de saneamento básico também demonstram relevância no perfil de transmissão nos circuitos espaciais de produção em Minas Gerais.

  12. Vliv mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína

    OpenAIRE

    Petrášová, Ludmila

    2014-01-01

    Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína. Teoretická část informuje o botanickém popisu hroznů vína Veltlínské zelené, dále o jeho složení, o technologii zpracování bílého vína a o vlivu kvasinek na aromatický profil vína. V další části popisuje metodu stanovení aromaticky aktivních látek pomocí plynové chromatografie v kombinaci s mikroextrakcí tuhou fází (SPME-GC). Cílem experimentální části bylo proměřit vzorky 4 různých moštů odrůdy Veltlínské zelené...

  13. Orchidaceae Americanae Orchidaceae Americanae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jones H. G.

    1970-09-01

    Full Text Available The following paper continues the series of nomenclatural notes and adjustments commenced under the title "Studies in Neotropical Orchidology" in Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 14: pp. 63-70 (1968. As in the previous contribution, the genera considered in the present study are Brassavola R. Br., Schomburgkia Lindl, and HoffmannseggellaH. G. Jones. The notes which comprise this series of studieshave been accumulated during the course of collecting materials for a taxonomic revision of the three genera concerned.The following paper continues the series of nomenclatural notes and adjustments commenced under the title "Studies in Neotropical Orchidology" in Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Vol. 14: pp. 63-70 (1968. As in the previous contribution, the genera considered in the present study are Brassavola R. Br., Schomburgkia Lindl, and HoffmannseggellaH. G. Jones. The notes which comprise this series of studieshave been accumulated during the course of collecting materials for a taxonomic revision of the three genera concerned.

  14. Exportação de democracia na política externa norte-americana no pós-Guerra-Fria: doutrinas e o uso da força Exporting of democracy in American foreign policy in the post-Cold War period: the doctrine and the use of force

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Helena de Castro Santos

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa os pilares da política externa americana no pós-guerra fria, mirando o lugar que ai ocupa democracia e sua relação com segurança. Busca-se mais especificamente as bases da doutrina da política externa que justificam a exportação de democracia pelo uso da força. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo quantitativa e qualitativa de 415 discursos dos Presidentes e Secretários de Estado entre 1989 e 2008.The article analyses the pillars of the American foreign policy in the post-cold war period, focusing on the importance democracy vis-à-vis security plays in it as well as their relationship. More specifically the work aims to define the bases of the doctrine of the foreign policy that justify exporting democracy by the use of force. It was used quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 414 speeches of the Presidents and Secretaries of States in the period 1989-2008.

  15. Violência doméstica e abuso de drogas na gestação Violencia domestica y abuso de drogas en la gestación Domestic violence and drugs abuse in pregnancy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Taysa Rodrigues

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo advém da revisão sistemática de publicações científicas indexadas no Medline de 1993 a 2004, objetivando analisar o conhecimento científico sobre violência doméstica e abuso de drogas na gestação. Os 19 artigos analisados estão publicados em periódicos internacionais de especialidades relacionadas, predominantemente, à saúde da criança, sendo a maioria da área médica e de origem americana, todos com o idioma inglês. Desses artigos, 57,9% são estudos descritivos e 42,1% trabalhos teóricos. Abordam temas relacionados às necessidades psicossociais da mulher, importância da responsabilidade paterna na gestação, e os fatores de risco e as implicações na saúde da mulher e da criança associados à violência doméstica e ao uso de drogas. Este embasamento teórico possibilita a intervenção neste cenário.El presente estudio resulta de la revisión sistemática de publicaciones científicas indexadas en Medline de 1993 a 2004, con objeto de analizar el conocimiento científico sobre violencia doméstica y abuso de drogas en la gestación. Los 19 artículos analizados están publicados en periódicos internacionales de especialidades, relacionadas predominantemente a la salud del niño, siendo la mayoría del área médica y de origen americana, todos en el idioma inglés. De esos artículos, el 57,9% corresponde a estudios descriptivos y el 42,1% a trabajos teóricos. Tratan de temas relacionados a las necesidades psicosociales de la mujer, importancia de la responsabilidad paterna en la gestación, y los factores de riesgo y las implicaciones en la salud de la mujer y del niño asociadas a la violencia doméstica y al uso de drogas. Esta fundamentación teórica posibilita intervenir en este escenario.This study results from a systematic review of scientific publications indexed in Medline between 1993 and 2004, aimed at analyzing scientific knowledge about domestic violence and drugs abuse during

  16. Os legados e as heranças do regime militar de 1964 ao espaço geográfico-territorial brasileiro

    OpenAIRE

    Mario Augusto Cardoso Justo

    2015-01-01

    A presente pesquisa trata sobre alguns dos principais legados e heranças que o regime militar de 1964-1985 trouxe ao Brasil. Num primeiro momento abordou-se a formação sócio-política da América Latina, se restringindo mais especificamente à América do Sul, chegando-se ao período que genericamente conhecemos por populismo. E, na sequência, um panorama histórico dos regimes militares que permearam a vida política de várias nações sul-americanas, como Peru, Chile e Argentina, a partir da década ...

  17. Extraterritorialidade e modernidade na literatura hispano-americana: o caso de Octavio Paz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robson Batista dos Santos Hasmann

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Em Extraterritorial (2002, George Steiner problematiza a relação que alguns escritores estabelecem com línguas não maternas e a forma como esse contato pode enriquecer suas obras. O crítico levanta algumas questões a partir da língua inglesa promovendo desenvolvimento estético em autores como Nabokov e Beckett. Dentre os escritores hispânicos, Steiner coloca o exemplo de Jorge Luis Borges. Esse fenômeno observado por Steiner encontra paralelos com as reflexões do poeta e ensaísta mexicano Octavio Paz sobre a modernidade, especificamente nos ensaios “Nossa literatura é moderna?” (1990a e “A respeito da literatura hispano-americana” (1990a. O que aproxima os conceitos de extraterritorialidade e modernidade é justamente o deslocamento entre países e a aquisição de outra língua decorrente do trânsito territorial. A partir da discussão desses dois conceitos, o artigo investiga alguns aspectos da poesia e da ensaística do próprio Octavio Paz. 

  18. Flebotomíneos de áreas com notificações de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina e leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Phlebotomine fauna in areas of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis and American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Barbosa de Souza

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Flebótomos de áreas com notificações de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina e leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O município de Angra dos Reis apresenta casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana desde 1945. Inquéritos flebotomínicos realizados em 1978 revelaram a presença de Nyssomyia intermedia e a primeira notificação de Lutzomyia longipalpis no Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. Em agosto de 2002 foi notificado o primeiro caso canino de leishmaniose visceral na Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. Inquéritos flebotomínicos realizados nos peridomicílios, no período de novembro de 2002 a maio de 2003, em quatro localidades de Angra dos Reis, resultaram em 12.554 flebotomíneos e a presença de nove espécies: Brumptomyia sp.; Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Psychodopygus davisi, Psychodopygus ayrosai, Evandromyia tupinambay, Psathyromyia pelloni. foi Nyssomyia intermedia, predominante em todas as localidades, seguida por M.migonei. O principal vetor da LVA, Lutzomyia longipalpis, não foi detectado nas localidades, incluindo áreas do entorno, onde um cão infectado residia.The city of Angra dos Reis presents human cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis since 1945. Phlebotomine surveys in 1978 had disclosed the presence of Nyssomyia intermedia and the first notification of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis. In August of 2002 the first canine case of visceral leishmaniasis in the Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis was notified. Surveys of phlebotomines in the peridomiciliary areas, in the period of November, 2002, through May, 2003, in four localities of Angra dos Reis, resulted in 12,554 specimens belonging to nine species: Brumptomyia sp. Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Pintomyia fischeri, Psychodopygus davisi, Psychodopygus ayrosai

  19. THE USE OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM SEED OF Persea americana var. Hass ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLIC HYDROGELS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Arturo Lara-Valencia

    Full Text Available This paper reports the use of polysaccharides extracted from seed of Persea americana var. Hass in the synthesis of acrylic hydrogels. The effects of the chemical composition (acrylamide/acrylic acid, the concentration of crosslinking agent (glycerol diacrylate and the type of initiation (redox, photoinitiation of the hydrogels were evaluated with and without polysaccharides. Xerogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, while for the swollen hydrogels the swelling kinetic and mechanical properties were evaluated. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the second order equation proposed by Schott, where it is reported that by increasing the concentration of the crosslinking agent, the degree of swelling is reduced because of the greater structural level. The increase of the amount of acrylamide and the amount of polysaccharides causes also a decrease in the swelling degree. The type of initiation also affected the hydrogels swelling kinetic, the photoinitiated hydrogels were the ones that captured less water. Moreover, the increasing of the glass transition temperature and the compression modulus with the crosslinking agent concentration and molar ratio AAm/AAc are observed for hydrogels with and without polysaccharides. The results demonstrate a successful incorporation of polysaccharides into the polymeric network.

  20. Effect of heat treatment oanas irradiation, and combined treatment on the shelf of fresh avocados (Persea americana L)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Purwanto, Z.I.; Maha, Munsiah

    1987-01-01

    Effects of heat treatment, gamma irradiation, and combined treatments on the shelf-life of fresh avocados (Persea americana L.). Experiments to determine the effective irradiation conditions to prolong the shelf-life of fresh avocados were conducted at the centre for the Application of Isotopes washed and dried, then divided into 4 groups, namely for control (A), dipped in hot water at 40 0 C for 20 minutes (heat treatment, B), irradiated at a dose of 25 Gy (C), and combination of hot water dipping (40 0 C for 20 minutes) and irradiation at a 25 Gy (D). The samples were stored at room temperature. Evaluation on physical and chemical properties of the samples was done daily up to 10 days' storage. Parameters observed were texture, moisture and fat contents, percentage of weight loss, percentage of mature fruit, and subjective organoleptic evaluation. It was found that treated samples with and without combination treatment were still in good condition until 10 days of storage. It could be concluded that dipping in hot water, either alone or in combination with irradiation at a dose of 25 Gy could extend the shelf-life of fresh avocado up to 10 days at room temperature compared to only 5 days of the control. (author). 2 figs, 8 refs

  1. Análisis nutricional y estudio de la actividad antioxidante de algunas frutas tropicales cultivadas en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Moreno Gómez, Elizabeth

    2014-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este trabajo consistió en realizar el análisis nutricional que incluyo: porcentaje de humedad, cenizas, proteína, grasa, fibra dietaria total, minerales y carbohidratos, además se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de extractos de pulpa de gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims.), curuba (Passiflora tripartida var. Mollissima), aguacate (Persea americana Mill.), uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.), tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendt.) y lulo (Solanum quitoense...

  2. Aerobic Bacterial Community of American Cockroach Periplaneta americana,a Step toward Finding Suitable Paratransgenesis Candidates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Akbari, Sanaz; Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali; Hashemi-Aghdam, Saedeh Sadat; Hajikhani, Sara; Oshaghi, Ghazaleh; Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan

    2015-06-01

    Cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. Identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. Here the bacterial microbiota of Periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate. Midgut of specimens were dissected and cultivated in different media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using the phenotypic and 16S-rRNA sequencing methods. The analytical profile index (API) kit showed presence of 11 bacterial species including: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexineri, Citrobacter freundii, E. vulneris, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. intermedia, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. planticola, and Rahnella aquatilis in the cockroach midguts. The first three species are potentially symbiotic whereas others are transient. The conventional plating method revealed presence of only four isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and Proteus which in three cases mismatched with API and 16S-rRNA genotyping. The API correctly identified the four isolates as Shigella flexneri, Citrobacter freundii, and E. coli (n= 2). 16S-rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the API results; however the C. freundii sequence was identical with C. murliniae indicating lack of genetic variation in the gene between these two closely related species. A low number of potentially symbiotic bacteria were found in the American cockroach midguts. Among them Enterobacter cloacae is a potential candidate for paratransgenesis approach whereas other bacteria are pathogens and are not useful for the approach. Data analysis showed that identification levels increase from the conventional to API and to genotyping respectively.

  3. Aerobic Bacterial Community of American Cockroach Periplaneta americana,a Step toward Finding Suitable Paratransgenesis Candidates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sanaz Akbari

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Background: Cockroaches mechanically spread pathogenic agents, however, little is known about their gut microbiota. Identification of midgut microbial community helps targeting novel biological control strategies such as paratransgenesis. Here the bacterial microbiota of Periplaneta americana midgut, were identified and evaluated for finding proper paratransgenesis candidate.Methods: Midgut of specimens were dissected and cultivated in different media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using the phenotypic and 16S-rRNA sequencing methods.Results: The analytical profile index (API kit showed presence of 11 bacterial species including: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexineri, Citrobacter freundii, E. vulneris, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y.intermedia, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. planticola, and Rahnella aquatilis in the cockroach midguts. The first three species are potentially symbiotic whereas others are transient. The conventional platingmethod revealed presence of only four isolates of Salmonella, E. coli, and Proteus which in three cases mismatched with API and 16S-rRNA genotyping. The API correctly identified the four isolates as Shigella flexneri, Citrobacter freundii, and E. coli (n= 2. 16S-rRNA sequence analysis confirmed the API results; however the C. freundii sequencewas identical with C. murliniae indicating lack of genetic variation in the gene between these two closely related species.Conclusion: A low number of potentially symbiotic bacteria were found in the American cockroach midguts. Among them Enterobacter cloacae is a potential candidate for paratransgenesis approach whereas other bacteria are pathogens and are not useful for the approach. Data analysis showed that identification levels increase from the conventional to API and to genotyping respectively.

  4. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez-Carpena, Javier-Germán; Morcuende, David; Andrade, María-Jesús; Kylli, Petri; Estévez, Mario

    2011-05-25

    The first aim of the present work (study 1) was to analyze ethyl acetate, 70% acetone, and 70% methanol extracts of the peel, pulp, and seed from two avocado (Persea americana Mill.) varieties, namely, 'Hass' and 'Fuerte', for their phenolic composition and their in vitro antioxidant activity using the CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Their antimicrobial potential was also studied. Peels and seeds had higher amounts of phenolics and a more intense in vitro antioxidant potential than the pulp. Peels and seeds were rich in catechins, procyanidins, and hydroxycinnamic acids, whereas the pulp was particularly rich in hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and procyanidins. The total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of avocado phenolics was affected by the extracting solvent and avocado variety. The avocado materials also displayed moderate antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Taking a step forward (study 2), extracts (70% acetone) from avocado peels and seeds were tested as inhibitors of oxidative reactions in meat patties. Avocado extracts protected meat lipids and proteins against oxidation with the effect on lipids being dependent on the avocado variety.

  5. Determination of changes in the metabolic profile of avocado fruits (Persea americana) by two CE-MS approaches (targeted and non-targeted).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Contreras-Gutiérrez, Paulina K; Hurtado-Fernández, Elena; Gómez-Romero, María; Ignacio Hormaza, José; Carrasco-Pancorbo, Alegría; Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alberto

    2013-10-01

    A CZE method with two different MS detection conditions (MRM and Full Scan) was developed to determine qualitative and quantitative changes in the metabolic profile of avocado fruits (Persea americana). LODs in MRM approach were found between 20.1 and 203.0 ppb for abscisic acid and perseitol, respectively, whilst in Full Scan, varied within the range 0.22–1.90 ppm for the same metabolites. The RSDs for reproducibility test did not exceed 11.45%. The two MS approaches were used to quantify 10 metabolites (phenolic acids, flavonoids, a carbohydrate, an organic acid, a vitamin and a phytohormone) in 18 samples of avocado at different ripening states, and the achieved results were compared. Perseitol, quinic, chlorogenic, trans-cinnamic, pantothenic and abscisic acids, as well as epicatechin and catechin decreased during the ripening process, whereas ferulic and p-coumaric acids showed the opposite trend. Moreover, some other unknown compounds whose concentration changed largely during ripening were also studied by MS/MS and QTOF MS to get a tentative identification.

  6. Muito além de direitas e esquerdas: os giros e a densidade dos regimes democráticos na América do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Peixoto de Oliveira

    2018-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho pretende inicialmente dialogar com a literatura existente sobre processos de redemocratização e consolidação democrática Sul-Americana, entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990. Com base nesta discussão teórica elementar sobre as novas democracias na região, é proposta uma reavaliação conceitual e analítica aplicada ao entendimento do contexto democrático contemporâneo. Recentemente, as análises se centram nos giros, para a esquerda e para a direita, e suas consequências e implicações. Neste artigo se pretende a superação de uma análise dicotômica simplista, entendendo que estes giros ideológicos fazem parte de uma trama mais complexa, de giros maiores e períodos mais abrangentes, que se referem à própria densidade de nossos regimes democráticos. Assim, seria possível uma melhor compreensão das distintas fases, objetivos e dilemas enfrentados por nossas democracias nas últimas três décadas e, principalmente, avançar para um melhor entendimento do período em que nos encontramos.

  7. Biochemical analysis of reactive oxygen species production and antioxidative responses in unripe avocado (Persea americana Mill var Hass) fruits in response to wounding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castro-Mercado, E; Martinez-Diaz, Y; Roman-Tehandon, N; Garcia-Pineda, E

    2009-03-01

    We analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of detoxifying enzymes and enzymes of the ascorbate (ASC) acid cycle in avocado fruit (Pesea Americana Mill cv Hass) in response to wounding. The levels of superoxide anion (O(2-), hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) increased at 15 min and 2 and 15 h post-wounding. Peroxidase (POD) activity had increased to high levels 24 h after wounding; in contrast, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels hat decreased significantly at 24 h post-treatment. Basic POD was the major POD form induced, and the levels of at least three apoplastic POD isozymes -increased following wounding. Using specific inhibitors, we characterized one MnSOD and two CuZnSOD isozymes. CuZnSOD activities decreased notably 12 h after treatment. The activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase increased dramatically following the wounding treatment, possibly as a means to compensate for the redox changes due to ROS production.

  8. Aspectos sanitários do cultivo da alface americana, irrigada com águas recptoras de efluentes urbanos Sanitary aspects of lectucce (Lactuca sativa L. culture irrigated with receiving waters of urban effluent

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guilherme Augusto Biscaro

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a influência da disposição de mangueiras gotejadoras nos canteiros e a injeção ou não de cloro na água de irrigação, nas condições sanitárias do solo e da alface americana irrigada (Lactuca sativa L. com águas receptoras de efluentes urbanos. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de amostras de água do solo e da alface, no decorrer de todo o ciclo de cultivo. Objetivou-se determinar a possível existência de Salmonella spp. e de formas evolutivas de parasitos humanos e a quantidade de coliformes fecais, em pontos e épocas diferentes do experimento, impedindo assim o consumo da alface. Os resultados não indicaram a presença dos dois primeiros em nenhuma das amostras, mas sim de parasitos não humanos (nematóides de vida livre no solo. Em relação à quantidade de coliformes fecais (NMP ml-1, o valor encontrado na cultura atende às exigências da Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro, porém a presença dos nematóides em quantidades superiores ao permitido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS inviabiliza o seu consumo.One evaluated the influence of drip tape arrangement and the use of chloride in the irrigation water, on soil sanitary conditions and growing lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., irrigated with receiving urban waters. Water, soil and lettuce microbiological analyses were performed during crop cycle. The objective was to determine the presence of Salmonella spp., evolutive forms of human parasites and the amount of fecal coliforms in different locations and time, avoiding the lettuce consumption. Although results did not indicate the presence of Salmonella spp. and evolutive forms of human parasites in none of the samples but non human parasites (nematodes of free life in soil. Total fecal coliforms count (NMP ml-1 met is according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretary of Health Surveillance requirements. Yet, the lettuce was not good for human consumption

  9. O q de Tobin e o Setor Siderúrgico: um estudo em companhias abertas brasileiras e norte-americanasTobin’s q and Iron and Steel Companies: a study of Brazilian and North-American open companiesEl q de Tobin y el Sector Siderúrgico: un estudio de las compañías abiertas brasileñas y norteamericanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    NOGUEIRA, Igor Vasconcelos

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOModelos de avaliação de investimentos, que empregam medidas financeiras com base no mercado, como o q de Tobin, ainda são incipientes na literatura nacional. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento do q de Tobin para Companhias Siderúrgicas Brasileiras e Norte-americanas, com ações negociadas na BOVESPA e NYSE, apresentando um estudo econométrico sobre alguns de seus principais determinantes macro e microeconômicos no período de 1997 a 2005. O q de Tobin calculado para as empresas brasileiras selecionadas apresentou-se crescente ao longo do período selecionado. Em relação ao q de Tobin para as empresas norte-americanas, verificou-se que este indicador foi menor que 1, demonstrando um desestímulo a novos investimentos. A análise econométrica realizada indicou que, as variáveis econômicas tais como a taxa de juros, a taxa de desemprego e o nível de produção industrial foram fatores de influência determinantes para explicar o comportamento do q de Tobin, tanto para as empresas brasileiras como para as empresas norte-americanas. Conclui-se que este indicador captura informações relevantes dos principais determinantes macro e microeconômicos do setor siderúrgico, destacando o seu potencial para a análise financeira deste setor.ABSTRACTModels for investment evaluation that employ financial measures based on the market such as Tobin's q, are still scarce in the national literature. Therefore, the present work aims to analyze the behavior of Tobin's q for Brazilian and North American iron and steel companies present in the stock market at BOVESPA and NYSE, by presenting an econometric study on some of its key macroeconomic and microeconomic determinants from 1997 to 2005. Tobin's q calculated for selected Brazilian companies revealed to be increasing over the selected period. Regarding Tobin’s q for U.S. companies, it was verified that such indicator was less than 1, thus pointing to a

  10. Study of the Na-C-O and Na-H-O ternary systems in the sodium rich corner

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maupre, J.-P.

    1978-02-01

    The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution to the understanding of the sodium - carbon - oxygen and sodium - hydrogen - oxygen ternary systems in the sodium rich corner. In order to do this the Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH phase diagram was completed and the Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C phase diagram was outlined. This work is made up of two parts. The first is devoted to a critical literature survey essential to establish correct phase diagrams. The second is an experimental study followed by a discussion collating our finding to the literary data. The basic experimental technique used is differential thermal analysis (DTA) but it has been completed by quenching, X-ray and chemical analysis methods. The proposed phase diagrams imply that Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH and Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C systems are reciprocal ternary systems. Temperatures of stable pairs reversal are respectively 410 and 690 0 C. The stable pairs are Na-NaOH and Na-Na 2 CO 3 at elevated temperature, Na 2 O-NaH and Na 2 O-C at low temperature [fr

  11. Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

    2017-06-01

    Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the subsequent rate of repletion. The rate of Na depletion and subsequent rate of Na repletion with two levels of dietary Na to lactating dairy cows housed under tropical conditions were investigated using the salivary Na/K. The 12 lactating cows (salivary Na/K ratio 14.6) rapidly developed clinical signs of Na deficiency, including pica, polyuria and polydipsia, reduced body weight and reduced milk yield when fed a low-Na ration (0.33 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) for 3 weeks. Deficiency symptoms were associated with a rapid decrease in salivary Na/K ratio to cows with NaCl to a ration concentration of 1.1 or 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM for 5 weeks did not restore salivary Na/K ratio to values of >6. A daily Na intake of heat-stressed lactating cows to a ration intake of 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM was insufficient to restore Na deficiency. One week was sufficient to deplete heat-stressed lactating cows of Na, allowing for rapid dose-response studies utilizing the salivary Na/K ratio as a parameter for Na status of cows under tropical conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

  12. Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J.; Rasmussen, Helge H.

    2016-01-01

    The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na+ diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na+-K+ pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K+ reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na+ concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K+-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na+ diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na+- and K+ concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na+-K+ pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na+-K+ pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current reflects the effect of conformation-dependent β1 pump subunit

  13. Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na(+)-K(+)-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na(+) Diffusion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J; Rasmussen, Helge H

    2016-03-08

    The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na(+) in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K(+) after a period of exposure to K(+)-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na(+) that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K(+)-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na(+) diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na(+)-K(+) pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K(+) reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na(+) concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K(+)-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na(+) diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na(+)- and K(+) concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na(+)-K(+) pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na(+)-K(+) pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current reflects the effect

  14. Pistil starch reserves at anthesis correlate with final flower fate in avocado (Persea americana.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Librada Alcaraz

    Full Text Available A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of starch content in the avocado flower on the subsequent fruit set are explored. Firstly, starch content in individual ovaries was analysed from two populations of flowers with a different fruit set capacity showing that the flowers from the population that resulted in a higher percentage of fruit set contained significantly more starch. Secondly, in a different set of flowers, the style of each flower was excised one day after pollination, once the pollen tubes had reached the base of the style, and individually fixed for starch content analysis under the microscope once the fate of its corresponding ovary (that remained in the tree was known. A high variability in starch content in the style was found among flowers, with some flowers having starch content up to 1,000 times higher than others, and the flowers that successfully developed into fruits presented significantly higher starch content in the style at anthesis than those that abscised. The relationship between starch content in the ovary and the capacity of set of the flower together with the correlation found between the starch content in the style and the fate of the ovary support the hypothesis that the carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the flower at anthesis are related to subsequent abscission or retention of the developing fruit.

  15. Pistil starch reserves at anthesis correlate with final flower fate in avocado (Persea americana).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alcaraz, María Librada; Hormaza, José Ignacio; Rodrigo, Javier

    2013-01-01

    A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana) is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of starch content in the avocado flower on the subsequent fruit set are explored. Firstly, starch content in individual ovaries was analysed from two populations of flowers with a different fruit set capacity showing that the flowers from the population that resulted in a higher percentage of fruit set contained significantly more starch. Secondly, in a different set of flowers, the style of each flower was excised one day after pollination, once the pollen tubes had reached the base of the style, and individually fixed for starch content analysis under the microscope once the fate of its corresponding ovary (that remained in the tree) was known. A high variability in starch content in the style was found among flowers, with some flowers having starch content up to 1,000 times higher than others, and the flowers that successfully developed into fruits presented significantly higher starch content in the style at anthesis than those that abscised. The relationship between starch content in the ovary and the capacity of set of the flower together with the correlation found between the starch content in the style and the fate of the ovary support the hypothesis that the carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the flower at anthesis are related to subsequent abscission or retention of the developing fruit.

  16. Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na+,K+-ATPase preceding the E1P state.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kanai, Ryuta; Ogawa, Haruo; Vilsen, Bente; Cornelius, Flemming; Toyoshima, Chikashi

    2013-10-10

    Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) ions out of cells in exchange for two K(+) taken up from the extracellular medium per ATP molecule hydrolysed, thereby establishing Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the membrane in all animal cells. These ion gradients are used in many fundamental processes, notably excitation of nerve cells. Here we describe 2.8 Å-resolution crystal structures of this ATPase from pig kidney with bound Na(+), ADP and aluminium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue, with and without oligomycin that promotes Na(+) occlusion. These crystal structures represent a transition state preceding the phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) in which three Na(+) ions are occluded. Details of the Na(+)-binding sites show how this ATPase functions as a Na(+)-specific pump, rejecting K(+) and Ca(2+), even though its affinity for Na(+) is low (millimolar dissociation constant). A mechanism for sequential, cooperative Na(+) binding can now be formulated in atomic detail.

  17. Constituintes voláteis de cafés "gourmet" e mole do cerrado do triângulo mineiro em função da torra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nascimento Evandro Afonso do

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi estudada a variação da composição dos voláteis de dois cafés "gourmet" e de um café mole em função do grau de torrefação. Os cafés provenientes de Araguari, cerrado do Triângulo Mineiro, foram submetidos à torra americana (grãos marrons claros, média (grãos marrons e forte (grãos pretos e, em seguida, moídos e submetidos a uma destilação por arraste de vapor em contra-corrente com diclorometano. A análise de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM dos constituintes voláteis mostrou que piridina, pirazina e derivados, furfural e derivados são os principais constituintes voláteis dos cafés analisados. Mostrou ainda que não é possível diferenciar os três tipos de café pelos compostos dominantes (concentração acima de 1% no aroma. Foi observado também que a torra afeta sensivelmente os resultados, sendo que a torra americana, usada normalmente na prova da xícara para classificação sensorial de cafés, produz alguns voláteis de forte impacto no aroma que não aparecem na torra média nem na forte, além de apresentar concentrações dos componentes mais comuns muito diferentes daquelas observadas nas outras duas torras.

  18. Na+-H+ exchange and Na+-dependent transport systems in streptozotocin diabetic rat kidneys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Seifi, S.; Freiberg, J.M.; Kinsella, F.J.; Cheng, L.; Sacktor, B.

    1987-01-01

    The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat was used to test the hypothesis that Na + -H + exchange activity in the proximal tubule luminal membrane would be increased in association with renal hypertrophy, altered glomerular hemodynamics, enhanced filtered load and tubular reabsorption of 22 Na + , and stimulated 22 Na= pump activity in the basolateral membrane, previously reported characteristics of this experimental animal model. Amiloride-sensitive H + gradient-dependent Na + uptake and Na + gradient-dependent H + flux were increased in brush-border membrane vesicles from the streptozotocin-treated animals. Na + gradient-dependent uptakes of phosphate, D-glucose, L-proline, and myoinositol were decreased in the drug-induced diabetic animals. These membrane transport alterations were not found when the streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated with insulin

  19. The two C-terminal tyrosines stabilize occluded Na/K pump conformations containing Na or K ions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

    2010-07-01

    Interactions of the three transported Na ions with the Na/K pump remain incompletely understood. Na/K pump crystal structures show that the extended C terminus of the Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) alpha subunit directly contacts transmembrane helices. Deletion of the last five residues (KETYY in almost all Na/K pumps) markedly lowered the apparent affinity for Na activation of pump phosphorylation from ATP, a reflection of cytoplasmic Na affinity for forming the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation. ATPase assays further suggested that C-terminal truncations also interfere with low affinity Na interactions, which are attributable to extracellular effects. Because extracellular Na ions traverse part of the membrane's electric field to reach their binding sites in the Na/K pump, their movements generate currents that can be monitored with high resolution. We report here electrical measurements to examine how Na/K pump interactions with extracellular Na ions are influenced by C-terminal truncations. We deleted the last two (YY) or five (KESYY) residues in Xenopus laevis alpha1 Na/K pumps made ouabain resistant by either of two kinds of point mutations and measured their currents as 10-mM ouabain-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes after silencing endogenous Xenopus Na/K pumps with 1 microM ouabain. We found the low affinity inhibitory influence of extracellular Na on outward Na/K pump current at negative voltages to be impaired in all of the C-terminally truncated pumps. Correspondingly, voltage jump-induced transient charge movements that reflect pump interactions with extracellular Na ions were strongly shifted to more negative potentials; this signals a several-fold reduction of the apparent affinity for extracellular Na in the truncated pumps. Parallel lowering of Na affinity on both sides of the membrane argues that the C-terminal contacts provide important stabilization of the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation, regardless of the route of Na ion entry into the

  20. Consórcios de pepino e alface em cultivo protegido: viabilidade agroeconômica

    OpenAIRE

    Rezende, Bráulio Luciano Alves [UNESP

    2008-01-01

    Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e rentabilidade dos consórcios de pepino, em duas densidades populacionais, com dois grupos de alface (crespa e americana), em ambiente protegido, realizados em duas épocas de cultivo, agosto a novembro de 2005 e fevereiro a maio de 2006, foram realizados oito experimentos na Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal-SP. Cada experimento constou de nove tratamentos, resultante de quatro cultivos consorciados (estabelecidos em quatro épocas de transplante da alface...

  1. Haemosporida prevalence and diversity are similar in endangered wild whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sympatric sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bertram, Miranda R; Hamer, Gabriel L; Hartup, Barry K; Snowden, Karen F; Medeiros, Matthew C; Hamer, Sarah A

    2017-04-01

    The population growth of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) is not consistent with species recovery goals, and the impact of parasite infection on whooping crane populations is largely unknown. Disease ecology and epidemiology research of endangered species is often hindered by limited ability to conduct invasive sampling on the target taxa. Accordingly, we hypothesized that sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) would be a useful surrogate species to investigate the health impacts of Haemosporida infection in whooping cranes. Our goal was to compare the prevalence and diversity of Haemosporida infection between whooping cranes and sandhill cranes. We detected an overall infection prevalence of 83·6% (n = 61) in whooping cranes and 59·6% (n = 47) and 63·6 (n = 22) in two sympatric sandhill crane populations captured in Texas. Prevalence was significantly lower in allopatric sandhill cranes captured in New Mexico (12·1%, n = 33). Haemoproteus antigonis was the most abundant haemoparasite in cranes, present in 57·4% of whooping cranes and 39·2% of sandhill cranes; Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon were present at significantly lower levels. The high prevalence of Haemosporida in whooping cranes and sympatric sandhill cranes, with shared parasite lineages between the two species, supports sandhill cranes as a surrogate species for understanding health threats to endangered whooping cranes.

  2. Anion-coupled Na efflux mediated by the human red blood cell Na/K pump

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dissing, S.; Hoffman, J.F.

    1990-01-01

    The red cell Na/K pump is known to continue to extrude Na when both Na and K are removed from the external medium. Because this ouabain-sensitive flux occurs in the absence of an exchangeable cation, it is referred to as uncoupled Na efflux. This flux is also known to be inhibited by 5 mM Nao but to a lesser extent than that inhibitable by ouabain. Uncoupled Na efflux via the Na/K pump therefore can be divided into a Nao-sensitive and Nao-insensitive component. We used DIDS-treated, SO4-equilibrated human red blood cells suspended in HEPES-buffered (pHo 7.4) MgSO4 or (Tris)2SO4, in which we measured 22Na efflux, 35SO4 efflux, and changes in the membrane potential with the fluorescent dye, diS-C3 (5). A principal finding is that uncoupled Na efflux occurs electroneurally, in contrast to the pump's normal electrogenic operation when exchanging Nai for Ko. This electroneutral uncoupled efflux of Na was found to be balanced by an efflux of cellular anions. (We were unable to detect any ouabain-sensitive uptake of protons, measured in an unbuffered medium at pH 7.4 with a Radiometer pH-STAT.) The Nao-sensitive efflux of Nai was found to be 1.95 +/- 0.10 times the Nao-sensitive efflux of (SO4)i, indicating that the stoichiometry of this cotransport is two Na+ per SO4=, accounting for 60-80% of the electroneutral Na efflux. The remainder portion, that is, the ouabain-sensitive Nao-insensitive component, has been identified as PO4-coupled Na transport and is the subject of a separate paper. That uncoupled Na efflux occurs as a cotransport with anions is supported by the result, obtained with resealed ghosts, that when internal and external SO4 was substituted by the impermeant anion, tartrate i,o, the efflux of Na was inhibited 60-80%. This inhibition could be relieved by the inclusion, before DIDS treatment, of 5 mM Cli,o

  3. Thermal stability of oils added with avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) or olive (Olea europaea cv. Arbequina) leaf extracts during the French potatoes frying.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiménez, Paula; García, Paula; Bustamante, Andrés; Barriga, Andrés; Robert, Paz

    2017-04-15

    Effect of the addition of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) or olive (Olea europaea cv. Arbequina) hydroalcoholic leaf extracts (AHE and OHE, respectively) on thermal stability of canola oil (CO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) during French potatoes frying at 180°C was studied. The extracts were characterized by the total phenolic content, phenol chromatographic profiles and antioxidant activity. B-type trimer procyanidins were the major phenolic compounds identified in AHE. OHE showed higher phenol content, antioxidant activity regarding AHE. CO+OHE and HOSO+OHE decreased the formation of polar compounds and showed an anti-polymeric effect with respect to oils without extracts, whereas AHE extract showed a prooxidant effect on HOSO. Therefore, OHE showed an antioxidant effect on HOSO and CO under the studied conditions. In addition, all systems (CO+AHE, HOSO+AHE, CO+OHE and HOSO+OHE) increased the retention of tocopherols. These results demonstrate the potential utility of OHE as natural antioxidant for oils. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Na5NbO5 and Na5TaO5 phases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Darriet, J.; Maazaz, A.; Bouloux, J.C.; Delmas, C.

    1982-01-01

    New ternary oxides of formulas Na 5 NbO 5 and Na 5 TaO 5 have been prepared. They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/c). The crystal structure of Na 5 NbO 5 has been determined. It derives from a NaCl-type structure by ordering of the cations and of the oxygen vacancies in the anionic sublattice, the corresponding formula being Nasub(5/6)Nbsub(1/6)Osub(5/6)vacant sub(1/6). Sodium and niobium have a distorted square-pyramidal surrounding. (author)

  5. FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA EM ÁREA DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL NA REGIÃO DO ALTO URUGUAI, RS / FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURE IN AREA OF SEASONAL DECIDUOUS FOREST IN THE REGION OF THE ALTO URUGUAI, RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. R. Lambrecht

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available           O trabalho teve como objetivos realizar a análise florística das estruturas horizontal e vertical em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Decidual (FED na região do Alto Uruguai, em Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brasil. Foi realizado um censo em uma área amostral de 10.000 m², subdividida em 100 subparcelas de 10x10 m. Realizou-se a mensuração e a identificação de todos os indivíduos de espécies arbóreas com circunferência a altura do peito (CAP≥ 31,4cm. Com os dados obtidos, foram realizados cálculos de densidade (D, frequência (F, dominância (Do, índice de valor de importância (IVI, índice de valor de cobertura (IVC e a estratificação dos indivíduos. O maior número de espécies concentrou-se na família Fabaceae (10 e o maior número de indivíduos na família Meliaceae (147 ou 25,3%. Trichilia claussenii C. DC. Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng. Mez, Achatocarpus praecox Griseb. e Eugenia rostrifolia D. Legrand representaram 38,28% da densidade relativa e Holocalyx balansae Micheli, Trichilia claussenii, Nectandra megapotamica, Cordia americana (L. Gottshling & J.E.Mill., Phytolacca dioica  L., Achatocarpus praecox, e Eugenia rostrifolia representaram 50,5% da dominância relativa. Considerando a estrutura vertical, as sete espécies mais frequentes apresentaram uma maior quantidade de indivíduos no estrato médio. Conclui-se que a área florestal encontra-se em estágio intermediário de sucessão.

  6. Enterobactérias isoladas de baratas (Periplaneta americana capturadas em um hospital brasileiro

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    Marinésia A. Prado

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Isolar e identificar microrganismos em baratas capturadas em um hospital público e determinar o seu perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana. Métodos. As baratas foram capturadas nos períodos matutino e noturno, colocadas em frascos desinfetados com álcool a 70%, transferidas para um frasco estéril e levadas ao laboratório. Consideraram-se as baratas íntegras e vivas, as quais foram colocadas em solução salina estéril (0,8% e homogeneizadas. Essa solução foi semeada nos meios de cultura ágar MacConkey, caldo nutriente, infusão de cérebro e coração (ágar BHI, ágar Sabouraud e ágar manitol. As culturas foram examinadas em um estereomicroscópio para a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias. Para a determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana utilizou-se o teste de difusão de disco. Resultados. Detectou-se prevalência de 56% de enterobactérias e de 18% de estafilococos coagulase negativos. Identificaram-se 15 espécies de enterobactérias. As mais freqüentes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%; Enterobacter aerogenes (14%; Serratia marcescens (13%; Hafnia alvei (12%; Enterobacter gergoviae e Enterobacter cloacae (9%; e Serratia spp. (6%. Tanto as enterobactérias quanto os estafilococos coagulase negativos apresentaram uma resistência significativa aos antimicrobianos, inclusive à oxacilina. Conclusões. A prevalência de bactérias enteropatogênicas e de estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de baratas Periplaneta americana no hospital estudado demonstra a fragilidade das condutas adotadas tanto para o controle de vetores quanto para o uso dos antimicrobianos. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade da implementação de um programa efetivo de saneamento ambiental e do uso racional dos antimicrobianos dentro das instituições de saúde.

  7. Enterobactérias isoladas de baratas (Periplaneta americana capturadas em um hospital brasileiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Prado Marinésia A.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Isolar e identificar microrganismos em baratas capturadas em um hospital público e determinar o seu perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana. Métodos. As baratas foram capturadas nos períodos matutino e noturno, colocadas em frascos desinfetados com álcool a 70%, transferidas para um frasco estéril e levadas ao laboratório. Consideraram-se as baratas íntegras e vivas, as quais foram colocadas em solução salina estéril (0,8% e homogeneizadas. Essa solução foi semeada nos meios de cultura ágar MacConkey, caldo nutriente, infusão de cérebro e coração (ágar BHI, ágar Sabouraud e ágar manitol. As culturas foram examinadas em um estereomicroscópio para a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias. Para a determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana utilizou-se o teste de difusão de disco. Resultados. Detectou-se prevalência de 56% de enterobactérias e de 18% de estafilococos coagulase negativos. Identificaram-se 15 espécies de enterobactérias. As mais freqüentes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%; Enterobacter aerogenes (14%; Serratia marcescens (13%; Hafnia alvei (12%; Enterobacter gergoviae e Enterobacter cloacae (9%; e Serratia spp. (6%. Tanto as enterobactérias quanto os estafilococos coagulase negativos apresentaram uma resistência significativa aos antimicrobianos, inclusive à oxacilina. Conclusões. A prevalência de bactérias enteropatogênicas e de estafilococos coagulase negativos isolados de baratas Periplaneta americana no hospital estudado demonstra a fragilidade das condutas adotadas tanto para o controle de vetores quanto para o uso dos antimicrobianos. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade da implementação de um programa efetivo de saneamento ambiental e do uso racional dos antimicrobianos dentro das instituições de saúde.

  8. A divulgação de relatórios de sustentabilidade na América Latina: um estudo comparativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Calixto

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, procurou-se analisar comparativamente as informações socioambientais divulgadas pelas companhias latino-americanas nos seus relatórios. Foi efetuada uma análise de conteúdo das informações socioambientais divulgadas por uma amostra de 226 organizações, no período de 2004 a 2009, segregadas por país, empresa, setor e ano. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes voluntárias da The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI como escopo para analisar o conteúdo dos relatórios anuais, relatórios de sustentabilidade e Formulários 20F, disponibilizados pelas organizações nos seus websites ou nas Bolsas de Valores em que negociam suas ações. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a maioria das companhias de capital aberto na região não disponibiliza informações socioambientais nos seus relatórios anuais ou em relatórios específicos sobre o tema, entretanto, as companhias estabelecidas no Brasil são as que mais destacam o assunto. Quanto à evolução e à forma de divulgação de informações socioambientais, verificou-se que o relatório anual é o principal canal utilizado pelas companhias para destacar tais informações, seguido do relatório de sustentabilidade, divulgado como parte do relatório anual ou como uma publicação específica.

  9. Cruz Vermelha Brasileira (filial São Paulo na imprensa (1916-1930 Cruz Roja Brasileña (filial São Paulo en la imprenta (1916-1930 Brazilian Red Cross (São Paulo branch in media (1916-1930

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    Fernando Porto

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objeto dimensionar a visibilidade da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira, Filial de São Paulo, na imprensa escrita no período de 1916-1930. Seus objetivos foram: descrever e analisar sua visibilidade na imprensa escrita e discutir os efeitos da crença simbólica da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira à sociedade. Os documentos de análise foram oriundos de um portfólio, do Centro Histórico Cultural da Enfermagem Ibero-americana, da Escola de Enfermagem, da Universidade de São de Paulo. Os resultados foram analisados com base nas concepções de Pierre Bourdieu, que apontaram para o círculo da crença simbólica, quando foram veiculadas 1.089 notícias na imprensa nacional e internacional. Neste sentido, a cada publicação de notícia sobre a Cruz Vermelha Brasileira, esta divulgava o órgão central no Brasil e, consequentemente, também a Cruz Vermelha Internacional.Este estudio tuvo como objeto dimensionar la visibilidad de la Cruz Roja Brasileña, filial de São Paulo, en la imprenta escrita, en el período de 1916-1930. Sus objetivos fueron: describir y analizar su visibilidad en la imprenta escrita y discutir los efectos de la creencia simbólica de la Cruz Roja Brasileña de la Sociedad. Los documentos de análisis fueron derivados de un portafolio del Centro Histórico Cultural de la Enfermería Ibero-americana, de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de São de Paulo. Los resultados fueron analizados con base en las concepciones de Pierre Bourdieu que apuntaron para el círculo de la creencia simbólica, cuando fueron publicadas 1.089 noticias en la imprenta nacional e internacional. En este sentido, a cada publicación de una noticia de la Cruz Roja Brasileña, esta divulgaba el órgano central en Brasil y consecuentemente la Cruz Roja Internacional.The objective of the present study is to dimension the Brazilian Red Cross, Branch of the State of São Paulo's visibility in the written media during the period of 1916

  10. Synthesis of Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites from carbonized rice husk

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Katsuki, Hiroaki; Komarneni, Sridhar

    2009-01-01

    Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by NaOH dissolution of silica first from carbonized rice husk followed by addition of NaAlO 2 and in situ crystallization of zeolites i.e., using a two-step process. When a one-step process was used, both Na-A and Na-X zeolites crystallized on the surface of carbon. Na-A or Na-X zeolite crystals were prepared on the porous carbonized rice husk at 90 deg. C for 2-6 h by changing the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , H 2 O/Na 2 O and Na 2 O/SiO 2 molar ratios of precursors in the two-step process. The surface area and NH 4 + -cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-A zeolite/porous carbon were found to be 171 m 2 /g and 506 meq/100 g, respectively, while those of Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were 676 m 2 /g and 317 meq/100 g, respectively. Na-A and Na-X zeolites are well-known microporous and hydrophilic materials while carbonized rice husk was found to be mesoporous (pores of ∼3.9 nm) and hydrophobic. These hybrid microporous-mesoporous and hydrophilic-hydrophobic composites are expected to be useful for decontamination of metal cations as well as organic contaminants simultaneously. - Graphical Abstract: Novel Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composite.

  11. Equilibrium chemical transformations in NaPO3 + NaCl melts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kovarskaya, E.N.; Rodionov, Yu.I.

    1988-01-01

    Because of the problems of the burial of solidified radioactive wastes into different geological rock formations, in particular into massives of rock-salt, the state of molten polyphosphate-chloride mixtures (taking into account the chemical character of the interaction of their components) for a prolonged period of time. The equilibrium products of the reaction in the NaPO 3 -NaCl system were studied in melts in air in the composition range of 30-70 mole % NaCl. It was shown that with increase in the NaCl content in the mixtures, the polyphosphate gradually depolymerizes to sodium tri-, di-, and monophosphates, and the composition of the equilibrium melts is dependent only on the ratio between the components in the initial molten mixtures. The time until the equilibrium is attained is shorter, the higher is the experimental temperature

  12. Long-Range Effects of Na(+) Binding in Na,K-ATPase Reported by ATP.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Middleton, David A; Fedosova, Natalya U; Esmann, Mikael

    2015-12-01

    This paper addresses the question of long-range interactions between the intramembranous cation binding sites and the cytoplasmic nucleotide binding site of the ubiquitous ion-transporting Na,K-ATPase using (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. High-affinity ATP binding is induced by the presence of Na(+) as well as of Na-like substances such as Tris(+), and these ions are equally efficient promoters of nucleotide binding. CP-MAS analysis of bound ATP with Na,K-ATPase purified from pig kidney membranes reveals subtle differences in the nucleotide interactions within the nucleotide site depending on whether Na(+) or Tris(+) is used to induce binding. Differences in chemical shifts for ATP atoms C1' and C5' observed in the presence of Na(+) or Tris(+) suggest alterations in the residues surrounding the bound nucleotide, hydrogen bonding, and/or conformation of the ribose ring. This is taken as evidence of a long-distance communication between the Na(+)-filled ion sites in the membrane interior and the nucleotide binding site in the cytoplasmic domain and reflects the first conformational change ultimately leading to phosphorylation of the enzyme. Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements with the nucleotide analogue eosin show that the dissociation rate constant for eosin is larger in Tris(+) than in Na(+), giving kinetic evidence of the difference in structural effects of Na(+) and Tris(+). According to the recent crystal structure of the E1·AlF4(-)·ADP·3Na(+) form, the coupling between the ion binding sites and the nucleotide side is mediated by, among others, the M5 helix.

  13. Interaction between Na+/K+-pump and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger modulates intercellular communication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matchkov, Vladimir V; Gustafsson, Helena; Rahman, Awahan; Briggs Boedtkjer, Donna M; Gorintin, Sarah; Hansen, Anne Kirstine; Bouzinova, Elena V; Praetorius, Helle A; Aalkjaer, Christian; Nilsson, Holger

    2007-04-13

    Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump, has previously been shown to interfere with intercellular communication. Here we test the hypothesis that the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated through an interaction between the Na(+)/K(+)-pump and the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger leading to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in discrete areas near the plasma membrane. [Ca(2+)](i) in smooth muscle cells was imaged in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell pairs (A7r5) and in rat mesenteric small artery segments simultaneously with force. In A7r5 coupling between cells was estimated by measuring membrane capacitance. Smooth muscle cells were uncoupled when the Na(+)/K(+)-pump was inhibited either by a low concentration of ouabain, which also caused a localized increase of [Ca(2+)](i) near the membrane, or by ATP depletion. Reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-pump activity by removal of extracellular potassium ([K(+)](o)) also uncoupled cells, but only after inhibition of K(ATP) channels. Inhibition of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange activity by SEA0400 or by a reduction of the equilibrium potential (making it more negative) also uncoupled the cells. Depletion of intracellular Na(+) and clamping of [Ca(2+)](i) at low concentrations prevented the uncoupling. The experiments suggest that the Na(+)/K(+)-pump may affect gap junction conductivity via localized changes in [Ca(2+)](i) through modulation of Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger activity.

  14. Germinação de sementes de jenipapo: temperatura, substrato e morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal Seed germination of Genipa americana l. - rubiaceae: temperature, substrate and post-seminal development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ANTÔNIO CARLOS SILVA DE ANDRADE

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivos definir o tipo de substrato e a temperatura mais adequados à germinação de sementes de jenipapo (Genipa americana L., conhecer a morfologia das sementes e seu desenvolvimento pós-seminal, caracterizando as plântulas normais, o tipo de germinação e os padrões de anormalidade. Para tanto, realizou-se um experimento colocando-se as sementes sobre os seguintes substratos: papel, vermiculita e solo, nas temperaturas constantes de 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, e 35°C e alternada de 20°C-30°C. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado (5 x 3, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Foram analisados os parâmetros germinação normal (% e velocidade de germinação. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos nas temperaturas constantes de 25°C, 30°C e 35°C, e nos substratos vermiculita e solo.This study aimed to define the best substrate and temperature for germination of genipap (Genipa americana L. - Rubiaceae seeds, and to describe the morphology of its seeds, post-seminal development, normal and abnormal seedlings. The experiment was designed according to a 5 x 3 factorial with constant temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and alternated 20°C-30°C in filter paper, vermiculite and soil substrates. The following parameters were analyzed: normal percentage germination and speed of germination. The 25°C, 30°C and 35°C temperatures and vermiculite and soil substrates were the best conditions for seed germination.

  15. Fast and Powerful: Biomechanics and Bite Forces of the Mandibles in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tom Weihmann

    Full Text Available Knowing the functionality and capabilities of masticatory apparatuses is essential for the ecological classification of jawed organisms. Nevertheless insects, especially with their outstanding high species number providing an overwhelming morphological diversity, are notoriously underexplored with respect to maximum bite forces and their dependency on the mandible opening angles. Aiming for a general understanding of insect biting, we examined the generalist feeding cockroach Periplaneta americana, characterized by its primitive chewing mouth parts. We measured active isometric bite forces and passive forces caused by joint resistance over the entire mandibular range with a custom-built 2D force transducer. The opening angle of the mandibles was quantified by using a video system. With respect to the effective mechanical advantage of the mandibles and the cross-section areas, we calculated the forces exerted by the mandible closer muscles and the corresponding muscle stress values. Comparisons with the scarce data available revealed close similarities of the cockroaches' mandible closer stress values (58 N/cm2 to that of smaller specialist carnivorous ground beetles, but strikingly higher values than in larger stag beetles. In contrast to available datasets our results imply the activity of faster and slower muscle fibres, with the latter becoming active only when the animals chew on tough material which requires repetitive, hard biting. Under such circumstances the coactivity of fast and slow fibres provides a force boost which is not available during short-term activities, since long latencies prevent a specific effective employment of the slow fibres in this case.

  16. Symbiotic essential amino acids provisioning in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) under various dietary conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ayayee, Paul A; Larsen, Thomas; Sabree, Zakee

    2016-01-01

    Insect gut microbes have been shown to provide nutrients such as essential amino acids (EAAs) to their hosts. How this symbiotic nutrient provisioning tracks with the host's demand is not well understood. In this study, we investigated microbial essential amino acid (EAA) provisioning in omnivorous American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), fed low-quality (LQD) and comparatively higher-quality dog food (DF) diets using carbon stable isotope ratios of EAAs (δ (13)CEAA). We assessed non-dietary EAA input, quantified as isotopic offsets (Δ(13)C) between cockroach (δ (13)CCockroach EAA) and dietary (δ (13)CDietary EAA) EAAs, and subsequently determined biosynthetic origins of non-dietary EAAs in cockroaches using (13)C-fingerprinting with dietary and representative bacterial and fungal δ (13)CEAA. Investigation of biosynthetic origins of de novo non-dietary EAAs indicated bacterial origins of EAA in cockroach appendage samples, and a mixture of fungal and bacterial EAA origins in gut filtrate samples for both LQD and DF-fed groups. We attribute the bacteria-derived EAAs in cockroach appendages to provisioning by the fat body residing obligate endosymbiont, Blattabacterium and gut-residing bacteria. The mixed signatures of gut filtrate samples are attributed to the presence of unassimilated dietary, as well as gut microbial (bacterial and fungal) EAAs. This study highlights the potential impacts of dietary quality on symbiotic EAA provisioning and the need for further studies investigating the interplay between host EAA demands, host dietary quality and symbiotic EAA provisioning in response to dietary sufficiency or deficiency.

  17. Intracellular Na(+) and metabolic modulation of Na/K pump and excitability in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yi-Chi; Yang, Jyh-Jeen; Huang, Rong-Chi

    2012-10-01

    Na/K pump activity and metabolic rate are both higher during the day in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that houses the circadian clock. Here we investigated the role of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity and neuronal excitability. Removal of extracellular K(+) to block the Na/K pump excited SCN neurons to fire at higher rates and return to normal K(+) to reactivate the pump produced rebound hyperpolarization to inhibit firing. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the action potentials, both zero K(+)-induced depolarization and rebound hyperpolarization were blocked by the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin. Ratiometric Na(+) imaging with a Na(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye indicated saturating accumulation of intracellular Na(+) in response to pump blockade with zero K(+). The Na(+) ionophore monensin also induced Na(+) loading and hyperpolarized the membrane potential, with the hyperpolarizing effect of monensin abolished in zero Na(+) or by pump blockade. Conversely, Na(+) depletion with Na(+)-free pipette solution depolarized membrane potential but retained residual Na/K pump activity. Cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked the Na/K pump to depolarize resting potential and increase spontaneous firing in most cells, and to raise intracellular Na(+) levels in all cells. Nonetheless, the Na/K pump was incompletely blocked by cyanide but completely blocked by iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis, indicating the involvement of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in fueling the Na/K pump. Together, the results indicate the importance of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity as well as neuronal excitability in the SCN neurons.

  18. Griôs Sapatonas Brasileiras e Lampião da Esquina: o contraste das questões de gênero, raça e sexualidade na fonte oral e na fonte escrita.

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Ariana Mara da

    2015-01-01

    Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino­Americano de Arte, Cultura e​ História da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino­Americana, como requisito parcial à​ obtenção do título de Bacharel em História – América Latina. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo F. Bonciani.​ Coorientadora: Profa. Dra. Andreia Moassab. O jornal Lampião da Esquina, voltado ao público gay com circulação nacional entre os anos de 1978 e 1981, surge no contexto da ditadura militar brasilei...

  19. Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Effects of Tilia americana var. mexicana and Flavonoids Constituents in the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Noemí; González-Trujano, María Eva; Aguirre-Hernández, Eva; Ruíz-García, Matilde; Sampieri, Aristides; Coballase-Urrutia, Elvia; Carmona-Aparicio, Liliana

    2014-01-01

    Tilia genus is commonly used around the world for its central nervous system properties; it is prepared as tea and used as tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, and analgesic. In this study, anticonvulsant activity of the Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences and leaves was investigated by evaluating organic and aqueous extracts (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg, i.p.) and some flavonoids in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Moreover, antioxidant effect of these extracts and flavonoids was examined in an in vitro study by using spectrophotometric technique. Significant activity was observed in the methanol extract from inflorescences. An HPLC analysis of the methanol extract from inflorescences and leaves of Tilia allowed demonstrating the respective presence of some partial responsible flavonoid constituents: quercetin (20.09 ± 1.20 μg/mg and 3.39 ± 0.10 μg/mg), rutin (3.52 ± 0.21 μg/mg and 8.94 ± 0.45 μg/mg), and isoquercitrin (1.74 ± 0.01 μg/mg and 1.24 ± 0.13 μg/mg). In addition, significant but different antioxidant properties were obtained among the flavonoids and the extracts investigated. Our results provide evidence of the anticonvulsant activity of Tilia reinforcing its utility for central nervous system diseases whose mechanism of action might involve partial antioxidant effects due to the presence of flavonoids. PMID:25197430

  20. MORPHOANATOMICAL LEAF ANALYSIS IN HORTICULTURAL GROUPS OF AVOCADO (Persea americana PLACED AT INIA-CENIAP’S COLLECTION, VENEZUELA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Ferrer Pereira

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available The avocado (Persea americana Mill. is the most important species of Lauraceae in America due to its exploitation as food for pre-Columbian and modern cultures. It is a very important seasonal crop in Venezuela based on a perennial fruit tree management. From a selection of 76 accessions (45 cultivars of avocados cultivated at the Germplasm Bank of INIA-CENIAP, a morphoanatomical analysis was performed to identify attributes of taxonomic resolution (diagnostic characters which allow to characterize sets and / or culta. Morphological study was carried out from each accession herborized sample. Information was obtained by freehand transverse leaf sections (epidermis, mesophyll and midvein as well as paradermic preparations, and observed data was recorded in DELTA System. New morphoanatomical characters and discriminating attributes between cultivars were identified and described, especially to discriminate the Mexican group, and a close relationship within West Indian and Guatemalan cultivars was observed due to the variability identified from the latter group. Indument- related attributes were highly informative to discriminate among cultivars, along with the outline, apical angle and projections at the base of the leaf blades, stem cross section and presence of anise odor, progress and joining of the secondary nerve branches, tertiary venation pattern, abaxial contour and thickness of the sclerenchymatous sheath and compaction of the phloem in the vascular bundle, adaxial contour of the median nerve, and thickness, outline and uniformity of the anticlinal walls of adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells.

  1. Ecological carryover effects associated with partial migration in white perch (Morone americana) within the Hudson River Estuary

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gallagher, Brian K.; Piccoli, Philip M.; Secor, David H.

    2018-01-01

    Partial migration in complex life cycles allows environmental conditions experienced during one life-stage to interact with genetic thresholds and produce divergent spatial behaviors in the next stage. We evaluated partial migration over the entire life cycle of white perch, (Morone americana) within the Hudson River Estuary, combining otolith microchemistry, population demographics and environmental data analysis. Ecological carryover effects were used as a framework to test how environmental variation during the larval period influenced migration behaviors and growth characteristics in subsequent life-stages. Two annual cohorts of juveniles were classified based on whether they persisted in natal habitats (freshwater resident contingent) or dispersed into non-natal habitats (brackish water migratory contingent) as juveniles. The migratory contingent tended to hatch earlier and experience cooler temperatures as larvae, while the availability of zooplankton prey during the larval period appeared to influence growth dynamics before and after metamorphosis. Juvenile migration behaviors were reversible but usually persisted into adulthood. As juveniles, the consequences of partial migration on growth appeared to be modified by river flow, as demonstrated by the influence of a large storm event on feeding conditions in one of the study years. Migratory adults grew faster and attained larger maximum sizes, but may also experience higher rates of mortality. The interplay uncovered between life-stage transitions, conditional migration behaviors and habitat productivity throughout the life cycle shapes white perch population dynamics and will likely play an important role in responses to long-term environmental change.

  2. Isolation and chemical identification of lipid derivatives from avocado (Persea americana) pulp with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez-Sanchez, Dariana Graciela; Flores-García, Mirthala; Silva-Platas, Christian; Rizzo, Sheryl; Torre-Amione, Guillermo; De la Peña-Diaz, Aurora; Hernández-Brenes, Carmen; García-Rivas, Gerardo

    2015-01-01

    Platelets play a pivotal role in physiological hemostasis. However, in coronary arteries damaged by atherosclerosis, enhanced platelet aggregation, with subsequent thrombus formation, is a precipitating factor in acute ischemic events. Avocado pulp (Persea americana) is a good source of bioactive compounds, and its inclusion in the diet as a source of fatty acid has been related to reduced platelet aggregability. Nevertheless, constituents of avocado pulp with antiplatelet activity remain unknown. The present study aims to characterize the chemical nature of avocado constituents with inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was used as a fractionation and purification tool, guided by an in vitro adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid or collagen-platelet aggregation assay. Antiplatelet activity was initially linked to seven acetogenins that were further purified, and their dose-dependent effects in the presence of various agonists were contrasted. This process led to the identification of Persenone-C (3) as the most potent antiplatelet acetogenin (IC₅₀=3.4 mM) among the evaluated compounds. In vivo evaluations with Persenone A (4) demonstrated potential protective effects against arterial thrombosis (25 mg kg⁻¹ of body weight), as coagulation times increased (2-fold with respect to the vehicle) and thrombus formation was attenuated (71% versus vehicle). From these results, avocado may be referred to as a functional food containing acetogenin compounds that inhibit platelet aggregation with a potential preventive effect on thrombus formation, such as those that occur in ischaemic diseases.

  3. Environmental issues, interdisciplinarity, social theory and intellectual production in Latin America Tópicos ambientais, interdisciplinaridade, teoria social e produção intelectual na América Latina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leila da Costa Ferreira

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available While dealing with both interdisciplinarity and environment and society area as fields that harbor scientific contentions regarding ideas, practices, institutions and habitus (Bourdieu, this paper aims at providing an account of the multifaceted processes implied in the institutionalization of environmental concerns in Latin-American academia and research centers. The paper discusses the extent to which one can legitimately talk about "a Latin- American scientific specificity", supposedly resulting from peculiar theoretical approaches or even from particular socio-environmental features (such as widespread poverty and high rates of social inequality, along with unparalleled levels of biodiversity. Last but not least, the paper seeks to draw a sort of thematic map (via bibliographical review as well as a consideration of the levels of scientific institutionalization of environmental issues in six different research centers located in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay and Brazil.Ao tratar a interdisciplinaridade e a área de ambiente e sociedade enquanto campos que lidam com questões científicas relacionadas com idéias, práticas, instituições e habitus (Bourdieu, esse artigo pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos processos multifacetados implicados na institucionalização da questão ambiental na academia e centros de pesquisa latino-americanos. O texto discute em que medida pode-se legitimamente falar de uma "especificidade científica latino-americana", supostamente resultante de abordagens teóricas peculiares ou mesmo de situações sócio-ambientais particulares (como pobreza e altas taxas de desigualdade, junto a incomparáveis índices de biodiversidade. Por último, mas também importante, o texto pretende trazer um panorama temático (através da revisão bibliográfica assim como apontar os níveis de institucionalização científica da área ambiental em seis centros de pesquisa localizados na Argentina, Chile, M

  4. Síndrome metabólica: identificando fatores de risco

    OpenAIRE

    Lottenberg,Simão Augusto; Glezer,Andrea; Turatti,Luiz Alberto

    2007-01-01

    OBJETIVOS Discutir a síndrome metabólica e a identificação de seus fatores de risco, inclusive na faixa etária pediátrica. FONTES DE DADOS: Artigos de revisão indexados. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS:A síndrome metabólica caracteriza-se pela resistência à insulina e pela presença de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes melito tipo 2. Não existe ainda um consenso com relação a seus critérios diagnósticos. Na presente revisão, os critérios diagnósticos da Associação Americana de Cardio...

  5. Capital culinário: o círculo dos alimentos nos meios de comunicação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cynthia Arantes Ferreira Luderer

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Culinary capital é um conceito que, apoiado na teoria do capital de Bourdieu, enuncia a rede social pela qual transpassa o alimento em sua condição material ou simbólica. Com foco na cultura norte-americana, os autores discorrem sobre os discursos que transitam em torno do aumento do capital culinário e que convoca os sujeitos à cidadania pela via das regras que pregam a boa saúde. Como base para discussão, vários suportes comunicativos pelos quais transita o capital culinário são discutidos, como programas de televisão, redes sociais, sites, eventos, grupos sociais e empresas.

  6. Synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X from tablet compressed and calcinated coal fly ash

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Tao; Gao, Wenyan; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yifu; Meng, Changgong

    2017-10-01

    Zeolites Na-A and Na-X are important synthetic zeolites widely used for separation and adsorption in industry. It is of great significance to develop energy-efficient routines that can synthesize zeolites Na-A and Na-X from low-cost raw materials. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the major residue from the combustion of coal and biomass containing more than 85% SiO2 and Al2O3, which can readily replace the conventionally used sodium silicate and aluminate for zeolite synthesis. We used Na2CO3 to replace the expensive NaOH used for the calcination of CFA and showed that tablet compression can enhance the contact with Na2CO3 for the activation of CFA through calcination for the synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X under mild conditions. We optimized the control variables for zeolite synthesis and showed that phase-pure zeolite Na-A can be synthesized with CFA at reactant molar ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature and reaction time of 1.3Na2O: 0.6Al2O3: 1SiO2: 38H2O at 80°C for 6 h, respectively, while phase-pure zeolite Na-X can be synthesized at 2.2Na2O: 0.2Al2O3: 1SiO2: 88H2O at 100°C for 8 h, respectively. The composition, morphology, specific surface area, vibration spectrum and thermogravimetry of synthesized Na-A and Na-X were further characterized.

  7. The CERES / NA45 experiment

    CERN Multimedia

    Laurent Guiraud

    2000-01-01

    Ceres is one of the second generation heavy ion experiments at CERN's SPS. It is dedicated to the study of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nuclear collisions. NA45 is one of the seven experiments (NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97/NA57 and WA98) involved in CERN's Heavy Ion programme which provided evidence for the existence of a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. In this state, quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated and roam freely. Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microseconds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it today.

  8. The rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism mutation D923N of the Na+, K+-ATPase alpha3 isoform disrupts Na+ interaction at the third Na+ site.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Einholm, Anja Pernille; Toustrup-Jensen, Mads S; Holm, Rikke; Andersen, Jens Peter; Vilsen, Bente

    2010-08-20

    Rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP), a rare neurological disorder, is caused by mutation of the neuron-specific alpha3-isoform of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. Here, we present the functional consequences of RDP mutation D923N. Relative to the wild type, the mutant exhibits a remarkable approximately 200-fold reduction of Na(+) affinity for activation of phosphorylation from ATP, reflecting a defective interaction of the E(1) form with intracellular Na(+). This is the largest effect on Na(+) affinity reported so far for any Na(+), K(+)-ATPase mutant. D923N also affects the interaction with extracellular Na(+) normally driving the E(1)P to E(2)P conformational transition backward. However, no impairment of K(+) binding was observed for D923N, leading to the conclusion that Asp(923) is specifically associated with the third Na(+) site that is selective toward Na(+). The crystal structure of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in E(2) form shows that Asp(923) is located in the cytoplasmic half of transmembrane helix M8 inside a putative transport channel, which is lined by residues from the transmembrane helices M5, M7, M8, and M10 and capped by the C terminus, recently found involved in recognition of the third Na(+) ion. Structural modeling of the E(1) form of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase based on the Ca(2+)-ATPase crystal structure is consistent with the hypothesis that Asp(923) contributes to a site binding the third Na(+) ion. These results in conjunction with our previous findings with other RDP mutants suggest that a selective defect in the handling of Na(+) may be a general feature of the RDP disorder.

  9. Usos do primitivismo. Pedra, barro e arquitetura moderna.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Costa Cabral

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Apesar de problemáticas, as noções de “primitivo” e “primitivismo” foram categorias essenciais para a arte e a arquitetura moderna na América Latina, tanto para produtores (arquitetos e artistas, quanto para seus intérpretes (historiadores e críticos. Estiveram fortemente associadas tanto à contribuição latino-americana para uma modernidade universal quanto à apreciação historiográfica dessa contribuição. Este texto tem por objetivo cercar determinados “usos do primitivismo” na arquitetura sul-americana, que coincidem com a presença de materiais naturais, como a pedra e o barro, e de técnicas construtivas pré-industriais. Embora essa presença possa ser discutida apenas nos termos de uma relação com o “vernáculo”, adota-se propositalmente a noção de “primitivismo”, por exibir um impasse (de certa forma indiferente ao vernáculo de uma ligação intelectual, e não natural, com a tradição. O trabalho finaliza com algumas notas sobre a proposta de Lucio Costa para a casa operária de Monlevade no Brasil (1936 e as alternativas do grupo Austral para a casa rural argentina (1939.

  10. Recikliranje plastenk na kreativen način

    OpenAIRE

    Pavlin, Suzana

    2017-01-01

    Plastenke, poleg ostalih plastičnih izdelkov, v zadnjih letih predstavljajo pravo katastrofo za okolje. Domnevamo, da se le redko kdo vpraša, kaj se zgodi z njo po tem, ko je iz nje zaužil še zadnjo kapljico vode. Plastenka je lahko kot večina ostalih komunalnih odpadkov ponovno uporabljena, reciklirana, sežgana ali odložena na deponijo. V primeru nespoštovanja Zakona o varstvu okolja pa pristane v naravi, pogosto v morju, kjer prav počasi razpada in negativno vpliva na celoten ekosistem. V d...

  11. Plant Defensins NaD1 and NaD2 Induce Different Stress Response Pathways in Fungi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter M. Dracatos

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (NaD1 and NaD2 are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. Some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall O-glycosylated proteins. Therefore, we investigated if this was the case for NaD1 and NaD2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three Aspergillus nidulans (An O-mannosyltransferase (pmt knockout (KO mutants (An∆pmtA, An∆pmtB, and An∆pmtC. An∆pmtA was resistant to both defensins, while An∆pmtC was resistant to NaD2 only, suggesting NaD1 and NaD2 are unlikely to have a general interaction with O-linked side chains. Further evidence of this difference in the antifungal mechanism was provided by the dissimilarity of the NaD1 and NaD2 sensitivities of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol signalling knockout mutants from the cell wall integrity (CWI and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK pathways. HOG pathway mutants were sensitive to both NaD1 and NaD2, while CWI pathway mutants only displayed sensitivity to NaD2.

  12. Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na(+) Bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Han, Minwoo; Kopec, Wojciech; Solov'yov, Ilia A

    2017-01-01

    III is always protonated. Glutamic acid residues in the three binding sites act as water gates, and their deprotonation triggers water entry to the binding sites. From DFT calculations of Na(+) binding energies, we conclude that three protons in the binding site are needed to effectively bind Na......The dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na(+), K(+) -ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na(+) or K(+) selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD......(+) from water and four are needed to release them in the next step. Protonation of Asp926 in site III will induce Na(+) release, and Glu327, Glu954 and Glu779 are all likely to be protonated in the Na(+) bound occluded conformation. Our data provides key insights into the role of protons in the Na...

  13. Direitos humanos internacionais: conseqüências não intencionais da guerra contra o terrorismo International human rights: unintended consequences of the war on terrorism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jack Donnelly

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo trata da política externa norte-americana para direitos humanos no pós-11 de setembro. O argumento central é o de que as preocupações humanitárias foram obscurecidas pelo recrudescimento das questões de segurança na agenda política norte-americana desde os ataques terroristas em 2001. Ademais, o próprio conceito de segurança foi alterado. A ideologização provocada pela guerra antiterrorismo fez com que interesses em segurança passassem a ser concorrentes dos interesses em direitos humanos, revertendo o processo de mudança da política externa norte-americana iniciado no pós-Guerra Fria. A demonização do inimigo e a adoção de postura política cada vez mais unilateral por parte de Washington favorecem uma visão de "segurança nacional" que deixa pouco (ou nenhum espaço para os direitos humanos internacionais. Contudo, as conseqüências resultantes da mudança na política externa americana podem ser consideradas, em larga medida, não intencionais, o que abriria espaço para uma possível ampliação da dimensão humana nas questões de segurança, desde que alterada também a conjuntura internacional.The article aims at discussing US foreign policy regarding international human rights after September, 11th. The main argument is that humanitarian concerns have been eclipsed by the re-inflation of security concerns in US foreign policy agenda since the terrorist attacks in 2001. Besides, there have been changes in the understanding of security. The definition of security in more ideological terms caused by the war on terror has created a competitive relation between human rights and security interests, retreating the process of change in US foreign policy that had begun after the end of the Cold War. The demonization of enemies and Washington's tendency towards unilateralism favor a vision of "national security" that leaves little (or no space for international human rights. However, the consequences of the recent

  14. NA62 and NA48/2 results on search for Heavy Neutral Leptons

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lamanna Gianluca

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper we present new results on upper limits for the search of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL with data collected by NA48/2 (2003-2004, NA62-RK (2007 and NA62 (2015 CERN experiments. The data collected with different trigger configuration allow to search for both long and short living heavy neutrinos in the mass range below the kaon mass. In addition the status of the search for K+ → π+vv with the NA62 detector will be briefly presented.

  15. Interferência e naturalidade no par português-espanhol: línguas próximas, contraste e ensino de tradução

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruna Macedo de Oliveira

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available No presente artigo, fruto de nossa pesquisa de mestrado, temos como objetivo refletir sobre a proximidade entre o português e o espanhol e seus efeitos para a tradução. Para tanto, discutiremos os conceitos de interferência e de naturalidade e observaremos como estes se apresentam na análise de nosso corpus de estudo, composto por traduções de uma receita e outras duas atividades relacionadas a tal gênero textual. Buscaremos demonstrar como esse trabalho encontra eco em nossa prática atual, na coordenação do projeto de extensão “Laboratório de Tradução da Unila”, realizado na Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila. Por fim, apontaremos para a necessidade de que pesquisas que tenham como base a comparação entre essas duas línguas sejam utilizadas no ensino e na prática da tradução.

  16. O rebote SENDERISTA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    RICARDO DOS SANTOS POLETTO

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Apesar de ser pouco focado pela mídia, o Peru faz-se como um importante ator a ser analisado na conjuntura sul-americana. Marcado pela herança de Sendero Luminoso, o Estado Peruano se vê constantemente ameaçado no que se refere à sua estabilidade e capacidade de auto-sustentação. Nesse sentido o presente artigo busca analisar aos efeitos que o senderismo tem sob a política peruana e sua estabilidade.

  17. Drenagem urbana sustentável : análise do uso do retrofit

    OpenAIRE

    Christofidis, Hugo do Vale

    2013-01-01

    A presente dissertação demonstrou que a drenagem urbana sustentável é uma componente importante na busca da sustentabilidade do ambiente urbano e que o Retrofit é uma ferramenta eficiente para alcançar esse objetivo. Para tanto foi apresentada uma metodologia de Retrofit de infraestrutura urbana que permite adaptar sistemas de drenagem urbana tradicionais em sistemas sustentáveis. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida por uma organização não-governamental (ONG) americana e foram propostas algumas...

  18. Comparison of food habits of white perch (Morone americana) in the heated effluent canal of a steam electric station and in an adjacent river system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moore, C.J.; Fuller, S.L.H.; Burton, D.T.

    1975-01-01

    Analysis of the stomach contents of 97 white perch, Morone americana, taken from the effluent canal of a steam electric station (S.E.S.) and 106 white perch from adjacent Patuxent River waters indicated similar food habits from September 1970 through August 1971. However, 35 percent of all white perch taken from the heated effluent canal contained small pieces of coal and cinders, whereas only 3 percent of the river specimens contained such items in their stomachs. Fly ash and coal dust are present on the bottom of the S.E.S. canal, whereas little such material, if any, can be found on the river bottom in the study area. This suggests the canal fish were actively feeding in the heated effluent and not simply moving into the canal after feeding in the river. No significant difference (P greater than 0.05) was found between the average wet weight stomach contents of the river and canal fish within the same month

  19. Transmural gradients in Na/K pump activity and [Na+]I in canine ventricle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, J; Wang, W; Cohen, I S; Mathias, R T

    2005-09-01

    There are well-documented differences in ion channel activity and action potential shape between epicardial (EPI), midmyocardial (MID), and endocardial (ENDO) ventricular myocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in Na/K pump activity. The whole cell patch-clamp was used to measure Na/K pump current (I(P)) and inward background Na(+)-current (I(inb)) in cells isolated from canine left ventricle. All currents were normalized to membrane capacitance. I(P) was measured as the current blocked by a saturating concentration of dihydro-ouabain. [Na(+)](i) was measured using SBFI-AM. I(P)(ENDO) (0.34 +/- 0.04 pA/pF, n = 17) was smaller than I(P)(EPI) (0.68 +/- 0.09 pA/pF, n = 38); the ratio was 0.50 with I(P)(MID) being intermediate (0.53 +/- 0.13 pA/pF, n = 19). The dependence of I(P) on [Na(+)](i) or voltage was essentially identical in EPI and ENDO (half-maximal activation at 9-10 mM [Na(+)](i) or approximately -90 mV). Increasing [K(+)](o) from 5.4 to 15 mM caused both I(P)(ENDO) and I(P)(EPI) to increase, but the ratio remained approximately 0.5. I(inb) in EPI and ENDO were nearly identical ( approximately 0.6 pA/pF). Physiological [Na(+)](i) was lower in EPI (7 +/- 2 mM, n = 31) than ENDO (12 +/- 3 mM, n = 29), with MID being intermediate (9 +/- 3 mM, n = 22). When cells were paced at 2 Hz, [Na(+)](i) increased but the differences persisted (ENDO 14 +/- 3 mM, n = 10; EPI 9 +/- 2 mM, n = 10; and MID intermediate, 11 +/- 2 mM, n = 9). Based on these results, the larger I(P) in EPI appears to reflect a higher maximum turnover rate, which implies either a larger number of active pumps or a higher turnover rate per pump protein. The transmural gradient in [Na(+)](i) means physiological I(P) is approximately uniform across the ventricular wall, whereas transporters that utilize the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Na(+), such as Na/Ca exchange, have a larger driving force in EPI than ENDO.

  20. Reactions of metal oxides with molten NaPO3 + NaCl mixtures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

    1988-01-01

    We consider the dissolution mechanism for iron (III), europium(III), and tin(IV) oxides in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl that are responsible for the peak solubilities. We chose Fe 2 O 3 as the basic material since this occurs in large amounts around damaged metal structures in rock salt mines in a proposed zone for storing vitrified radioactive wastes. Solubility measurement and paper chromatography show that Fe 2 O 3 dissolves in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl in air by reaction with the solvent to give double iron and sodium diphosphates and monophosphates in accordance with the initial solution-in-the-melt composition, the degree of equilibration, and the temperature. The elevated solubilities for initial NaCl contents close to 30 mole % are due to sodium triphosphates and tricyclophosphates present in these melts. Moessbauer spectroscopy confirms that double iron, europium and tin diphosphates and monophosphates containing sodium occur in these chloride-polyphosphate melts