WorldWideScience

Sample records for alusiones al universo

  1. L'unità dell'universo

    CERN Document Server

    Sciama, D W

    1965-01-01

    L'universo nell'osservazione ; la distanza delle stelle ; la via lattea ; galassie esterne ; l'universo in espansione ; l'universo nella teoria ; il paradosso di Olbers ; il principio di Mach ; il principio di equivalenza origine dell'inerzia ; il paradosso dell'orologio ; la teoria generale della relatività ; la storia dell'universo ; unicità dell'universo ; la formazione delle galassie ; la formazione degli elementi ; unità e unicità dell'universo.

  2. Il fascino oscuro dell’inflazione alla scoperta della storia dell’universo

    CERN Document Server

    Fré, Pietro

    2009-01-01

    È dalla più remota antichità che l’uomo si interroga sulla struttura dell’Universo e sulle leggi che lo governano. Ma il progresso compiuto all’inizio del XX secolo non ha paragoni rispetto a quello di tutti i secoli precedenti: nel 1915 fu formulata la relatività generale, indispensabile per inquadrare tutti i fenomeni cosmici e astrofisici; tra il 1920 e il 1930 furono determinate le reali dimensioni dell’Universo visibile e fu scoperta la sua costante espansione. La cosmologia ha poi fatto un grande salto di qualità a cavallo tra la fine del XX secolo e l’inizio del XXI, quando una serie di osservazioni ha confermato che: L’Universo è spazialmente "piatto", in seguito all’inflazione cosmica che, una frazione di secondo dopo il Big Bang, ne ha gonfiato le dimensioni di decine o centinaia di miliardi di volte. L’Universo è costituito al 70% da energia oscura e al 24% da materia oscura: la materia visibile, cioè stelle e galassie, rappresenta solo il 6% del totale. Attualmente l’espa...

  3. L'universo prima del Big Bang cosmologia e teoria delle stringhe

    CERN Document Server

    Gasperini, Maurizio

    2002-01-01

    Termini come "universo in espansione", "big bang", "singolarità iniziale" sono ormai entrati a far parte del linguaggio comune. L'idea che l'universo che oggi osserviamo abbia avuto origine da una grossa esplosione (big bang) è ormai ampiamente diffusa e accettata nella moderna cultura popolare, a tutti i libelli. Ma cosa c'era prima del big bang? E ha senso porsi questo interrogativo in un contesto scientifico? I recenti progressi della fisica teoria, e in particolare della cosiddetta teoria delle stringhe, suggeriscono una risposta a questa domanda, fornendo degli strumenti matematici capaci, in linea di principio, di ricostruire la storia dell'universo spingendosi anche oltre l'istante del big bang. Ne emerge un possibile scenario cosmologico nel quale l'universo, anzichè essere "appena nato" al momento del big bang, era piuttosto nel punto di mezzo della sua evoluzione, di durata probabilmente infinita. In questo libro si cerca di illustrare tale scenario usando un linguaggio non troppo tecnico, rivolt...

  4. Il programma dell'universo

    CERN Document Server

    Lloyd, Seth

    2006-01-01

    Da quando l'universo ha avuto inizio, ha cominciato a calcolare il proprio comportamento. All'inizio il computer-universo produceva strutture semplici, particelle elementari e leggi elementari della fisica; col passare del tempo ha processato "informazioni" sempre più complesse, producendo strutture sempre più intricate (galassie, stelle, pianeti), ma sempre secondo leggi semplici. Ogni cosa deve quindi la propria esistenza alla capacità intrinseca della materia e dell'energia di processare informazione. Se si decifrasse fino in fondo si potrebbe, con un computer quantistico di dimensioni ridotte, comprendere l'universo nel suo insieme.

  5. L'equazione di Dio Einstein, la relatività e l'universo in espansione

    CERN Document Server

    Aczel, Amir D

    2000-01-01

    Prendendo in esame le ultime scoperte della comunità scientifica mondiale, l'autore parla di cosmologia, ovvero lo studio della natura dell'universo. Servendosi di Einstein e delle sue teorie che spiegano i legami tra relatività e cosmologia, Aczel ci spiega come il grande scienziato si sia praticamente trasformato nel portavoce di Dio rivelandoci le verità fondamentali dell'universo in cui viviamo. In realtà lo studioso, quando nel 1912 dedusse dai suoi calcoli che l'universo era in continua espansione, ritenne implausibili le conclusioni della sua scoperta e inventò una costante matematica (la "costante cosmologica") che ovviasse al problema. Oggi la scienza conferma sempre più quell'ipotesi di novant'anni fa.

  6. Che cos'è la conoscenza? un universo in espansione

    CERN Document Server

    Franceschini, Guiliano

    2017-01-01

    Il testo propone un viaggio nell'universo della conoscenza, tra le galassie di conoscenza (religione, scienza, arte), nel cervello (percezione, apprendimento, memoria) e nell'etica (dalla conoscenza all'educazione). Le argomentazioni si espandono attraverso un registro comunicativo intuitivo, tra divulgazione e speculazione, attraverso esempi e riferimenti concreti, rivolgendosi in alcuni casi direttamente al lettore.

  7. Movimientos peculiares de galaxias en el Universo cercano

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alonso, M. V.

    Se presenta un resumen de los resultados más importantes obtenidos en los últimos años sobre movimientos peculiares en el Universo Cercano. En el escenario de inestabilidad gravitacional, el campo de velocidades peculiares es una herramienta muy útil para estimar las fluctuaciones en la distribución de masa que generan los movimientos observados. Esta aproximación puede, además, ser utilizada para poner restricciones al espectro de potencia de la masa, a la relación entre las distribuciones de galaxias y de materia y al valor del parámetro de densidad cosmológico, Ω, a grandes escalas. Son además presentados una reconstrucción preliminar de los campos de densidad de masa y velocidades peculiares en el universo cercano usando nuevas medidas de distancias obtenidas con la relación Dn - σ, para una muestra de galaxias elípticas y lenticulares. Dos subestructuras prominentes son encontradas en la región del Gran Atractor, que corresponden a los complejos de Centaurus y Pavo--Indus. Estos últimos, junto a los complejos de Perseus--Piscis y Cetus parecen ser importantes estructuras que determinan el flujo global. El patrón obtenido a través de una muestra de galaxias elípticas muestra variaciones con respecto al obtenido por galaxias espirales. Estos nuevos resultados muestran una coherencia menor en el flujo global, cuando son comparados con resultados obtenidos anteriormente.

  8. Dal cosmo immutabile all'universo in evoluzione

    CERN Document Server

    Bergia, Silvio

    1995-01-01

    L'esplorazione dell'universo è una delle più grandi avventure intellettuali dell'ultimo mezzo secolo. Con il suo saggio Bergia vuole ricostruire il senso e il fascino di questa avventura intellettuale, raccontandone gli eventi e i personaggi. La vera rivoluzione concettuale nel modo di concepire l'universo fu il passaggio da una concezione statica a una dinamica dell'universo. Questo è il punto di partenza della cosmologia contemporanea che ha scardinato un intero sistema di concezioni introducendo l'idea dell'evoluzione. Rispetto all'immagine del cosmo immutabile è un vero sovvertimento di valori.

  9. Sguardi sull'Universo problemi di cosmologia

    CERN Document Server

    Bondi, Hermann

    1973-01-01

    Quanto è grande l'Universo ? Quanto antiche sono le stelle e le galassie ? A quale velocità si allontanano da noi le galassie più lontane ? Perché è buio di notte s ci sono nel cielo innumerevoli stelle ? Che cosa avviene dentro le stelle ? E tra una stella a l'altra ? Come è cominciato l'Universo, e dove andrà a finire ?

  10. Origine ed evoluzione dell'universo dal big-bang alle galassie

    CERN Document Server

    Gratton, Livio

    1992-01-01

    Il volume, destinato a un vasto pubblico di lettori anche non particolarmente versati in materie scientifiche, offre un panorama aggiornato e completo degli sviluppi più recenti della cosmologia, la scienza che studia l'Universo nel suo complesso. Abbandonate ormai completamente visioni mitiche e geocentriche, la moderna cosmologia ripresenta come un ambizioso e affascinante tentativo di creare un modello unitario dell'Universo e della sua evoluzione attraverso gli strumenti della fisica e dell'astronomia. In questo quadro, nato da una profonda riflessione sui concetti di spazio e di tempo sviluppatasi nei primi decenni del secolo soprattutto da parte di Einstein, e sostenuto dal prodigioso progresso della tecnologia che ha aperto nuove e rivoluzionarie possibilità di osservazione, un succedersi sempre più incalzante ed emozionante di scoperte sta rivelando un panorama inaspettatamente vario, complesso, e allo stesso tempo semplice e unitario, la cui interpretazione richiede al cosmologo rigore, fantasia e...

  11. La respuesta hegeliana al acosmismo de Spinoza. El alma como primera manifestación del universo en el espíritu

    OpenAIRE

    Padial, Juan J.

    2013-01-01

    La acusación hegeliana de acosmismo a Spinoza no tiene repercusiones tan sólo en el ámbito metafísico, sino también en el an-tropológico. La filosofía del espíritu subjetivo se inaugura con una discusión sobre la presencia del cosmos en el ser humano y el puesto de éste en el universo. Los hábitos, cuyo estudio se realiza al final de la primera parte de la filosofía del espíritu subjetivo, posibilitan que la libertad llegue a las dimensiones naturales del ser humano. Universidad de Málaga....

  12. Sia la luce origini e destino del nostro universo

    CERN Document Server

    Longair, Malcolm S

    1998-01-01

    Una nuova visione dell'universo ; nascita ed evoluzione delle stelle ; quando muore una stella ; la "quasar connection" ; pulsar & co. ; gli inquietanti buchi neri ; le galassie e la nascita dell'universo.

  13. Tutti i colori dell'universo

    CERN Multimedia

    Battiston, Roberto

    2009-01-01

    A partire dal 27 ottobre, una mostra sull'osservazione e lo studio dell'universo affronta la sfida di avvicinare il grande pubblico alle conoscenze scientifiche raccolte decrifrando l'alfabeto del cosmo. (4 pages)

  14. Números y universo arhuaco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ever De la Hoz Molinares

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se investiga la representación simbólica del sistema de numeración de la cultura arhuaca de la sierra nevada de Santa Marta y el significado que tiene los números para esta comunidad; adem ás se establecen similitudes y diferencias con el sistema decimal que hoy se le s impone a los “hermanos mayores”. Es fundamental conocer como utilizan el sistema de numeración autóctono en sus prácticas tradicionales. Para los Arhuacos, los números influye ron en la creación del universo y la conservación y éstos representan el origen de los seres. Existen números sagrados, como son: uno, dos, cuatro y nueve. El cuatro es un número fundamental en sus prácticas tradicionales, este representa los cuatro elemen tos de la naturaleza. El nueve representa el equilibrio con el universo. Los números expresan orden, cohesión, las concepciones de espacio, el entorno, una visión integral de su universo y su ley de origen, carecen de representación simbólica, existen algunas figuras asociadas con los números, el sistema carece del cero, porque desde su cosmov isión para los miembros de la cultura a rhuaca no existe el vacío o la nada . Los conocimientos se transmiten de forma oral de generación en generación, a través sus diferentes actividades socioculturales. El uso del sistema de numeración en las prácticas tradicionales, ha logrado su trascendencia hasta nuestros tiempos, pero poco conocido, por los escasos trabajos realizados sobre sus conocimientos matemáticos. El s istema es posicional de base decimal, cardinal, sistematizado en su lengua ancestral Ikᵾ.

  15. DE NEWTON A EINSTEIN: A DEBATE EL DESTINO DEL UNIVERSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ROGELIO PARREIRA

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se describe la historia del pensamiento científico en términos de las teorías de la inercia, el espacio absoluto, la relatividad y la gravitación; de cómo Newton utilizó el trabajo de los primeros investigadores en sus teorías, y Einstein las teorías de Newton en la suya, para tratar de explicar el destino del universo. Es la descripción de un proceso revolucionario del conocimiento científico, y sus aportes al desarrollo de muchos otros campos del saber

  16. Questo bizzarro universo

    CERN Document Server

    Sciama, Dennis William

    1998-01-01

    La moderna astronomia ha posto una serie di problemi bizzarri, per la varietà e per la stravaganza dei fenomeni e dei problemi studiati. Per esempio : esiste un solo universo o infiniti universi ? "Naturalmente non avrei mai posto una tale domanda - dice l'Autore - se non pensassi che ci sono valide ragioni per credere che esistano molti universi" ; e il Lettore si accorgerà che le argomentazioni di Sciama sono fondamentali, per ragioni scientifiche e anche filosofiche.

  17. La luz del origen del universo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casas, Alberto

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Penzias and Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background, a luminous echo of the Big Bang, in 1965. The amount of information encoded in this relic of the early universe is truly extraordinary. At present, the most precise data about the origin and structure of the universe comes from the study of this primordial light, the full potential of which has yet to be explored.En 1965 se descubrió el fondo de radiación de microondas, un eco luminoso de la Gran Explosión (Big Bang. La cantidad de información contenida en esta reliquia del universo primitivo es verdaderamente extraordinaria. En la actualidad los datos más precisos sobre el origen y estructura del universo provienen del estudio de esta luz primigenia, que aún no ha sido explorada en todo su potencial.

  18. Il fantasma dell'universo che cos'è il neutrino

    CERN Document Server

    Votano, Lucia

    2015-01-01

    Ben prima della luce, a un decimillesimo di secondo dal Big Bang, i neutrini sono apparsi nell'universo. Dopo un secondo il brodo primordiale si era raffreddato abbastanza da consentire loro di muoversi liberi e ancora oggi, dopo quasi quattordici miliardi di anni, sono numerosissimi. Ma che cosa sono i neutrini? Elusivi come fantasmi, camaleontici, viaggiano indenni attraverso la materia arrivando dritti sino a noi dagli angoli più remoti e nascosti dell'universo. Per saperne di più seguiremo i fisici che li studiano in laboratori sotterranei o in luoghi estremi come i ghiacciai polari o le profondità marine.

  19. Cercare mondi esplorazioni avventurose ai confini dell'universo

    CERN Document Server

    Tonelli, Guido

    2017-01-01

    Abitiamo un sottile guscio sferico, di pochi chilometri di spessore, intorno alla superficie della Terra. Anche se esploriamo gli abissi più profondi dell'oceano o scaliamo le vette dell'Himalaya, il nostro regno ha dimensioni ridicole. Per questo, se riflettiamo su quelle dell'universo, ci resta una sensazione di lieve sgomento. Non solo. Il nostro piccolo mondo è anche popolato di chimere, fantasmi e terribili inganni: pensiamo che quello che percepiamo sia reale, invece tutto cambia appena ci allontaniamo dall'angolo tranquillo in cui si svolge la nostra esistenza. Quando cerchiamo di capire i fenomeni che si osservano nel meraviglioso tappeto di galassie che ricopre la volta stellata, o quelli che caratterizzano la materia nei suoi componenti elementari, dobbiamo rinunciare alle certezze che governano la nostra vita e intraprendere un viaggio vertiginoso che lascia senza fiato. Guido Tonelli, fisico al Cern di Ginevra e uno dei padri della scoperta del bosone di Higgs, ci fa compiere questo viaggio irri...

  20. Do Universo Privado ao Espaço Aberto, do Espaço Aberto ao Universo Privado - Recepção e Gênese de L´Étranger de Albert Camus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samara Geske

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo pretende traçar linhas gerais sobre a recepção e a gênese de L’Étranger , passando pelo universo privado dos primeiros leitores do manuscrito até chegar ao espaço aberto de seus primeiros críticos, para do espaço aberto da obra publicada retornar o universo privado do processo de criação do romance.

  1. Origen y evolución de la estructura del Universo

    Science.gov (United States)

    García Lambas, D.

    Se presenta una revisión de diversos tópicos vinculados a la evolución de estructuras en el Universo y se discuten los escenarios más aceptados para la comprensión de las irregularidades primigenias y de su evolución temporal. Se analizan evidencias observacionales de la naturaleza jerárquica en los mecanismos de formación de sistemas, tales como las indicaciones provenientes de las correlaciones espaciales y de velocidades, la naturaleza del Universo a alto redshift, y la habilidad de los modelos jerárquicos en predecir diversas propiedades dinámicas, fotométricas y químicas de las galaxias.

  2. O universo poético de Vitória Basaia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandro Uguccioni Romão

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available A artista plástica Vitória Basaia é capaz de parir mundos usando matérias primas refugadas pela sociedade. A Casa Basaia é o seu local de moradia e também o seu ateliê. A casa se transformou ao longo dos anos em uma espécie de museu. Nesse artigo, sondamos esse universo a partir da análise das obras, materiais, técnicas e preocupações ontológicas da artista relacionadas à criação. Com base em conceitos de autores como Deleuze, Guattari, Bertoloto, Bachelard e Brandão, observamos como a inquietação da artista se converte em programa de arte e constitui o seu universo poético, territorializado na Casa Basaia.

  3. I sei numeri dell'universo le forze profonde che spiegano il cosmo

    CERN Document Server

    Rees, Martin

    2002-01-01

    È possibile che sei semplici numeri, sei costanti universali, diano conto dell'infinita varietà e della stupefacente complessità del cosmo? L'astrofisico Martin Rees ci mostra che non soltano ciò è possibile, ma in quei sei numeri sono scritti la storia, la struttura e il futuro dell'universo, e che perfino la comparsa della vita sulla terra, e dunque la nostra stessa esistenza, non sarebbe concepibile se uno solo di quei valori numerici, definiti nell'istante che segnò la nascita del mondo, fosse differente. I sei numeri dell'universo ci introducono così ad alcune delle questioni più profonde su cui si interroga oggi la scienza.

  4. A origem do universo como tema para discutir a Natureza da Ciência no Ensino Médio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Antonio Montenegro Guttmann

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2015v32n2p442 Nesse artigo, será apresentada uma proposta de introdução de questões relativas à Natureza da Ciência a partir da confrontação de duas teorias distintas sobre a origem do universo. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido junto a turmas de Ensino Médio de uma escola do Rio de Janeiro. As teorias são divergentes, sendo uma defensora de um universo com uma origem definida, o Big Bang, e a outra de um Universo Eterno. Ao final do trabalho, foi possível aferir que os alunos passaram a ter uma visão mais complexa sobre Ciência.

  5. El Universo en un puñado de átomos ciencia, arte y tecnologia : de los quarks a las ondas gravitacionales

    CERN Document Server

    Chimal, Carlos

    2013-01-01

    El Universo en un puñado de átomos es un ensayo sabroso y divertido sobre la necesidad de mezclar el arte y la ciencia. Al mismo tiempo es la crónica viva de una disciplina científica fascinante: la física de las altas energías, la cual se propone estudiar lo infinitamente pequeño, en los niveles cuánticos del átomo, y lo inimaginablemente grande, los confines del Universo y la pregunta por su origen. Luego de seguir durante más de veinte años a los cazadores cuánticos, entre ellos a varios Premios Nobel, y de visitarlos en sus espectaculares aceleradores y detectores de partículas, tanto en Fermilab (Illinois), DESY (Hamburgo) y CERN (Ginebra), Carlos Chimal cuenta el desarrollo de uno de los avances tecnológicos más importantes de nuestra época, mismo que hace posible desde el supercómputo y la Web hasta la creación de chips hiperveloces e inteligentes. Retomando lo mejor de esta aventura, Carlos Chimal aborda algunos de los mayores enigmas de la actualidad científica: ¿por qué existe...

  6. Para cada universo colecionista, suas fontes: dinâmicas informacionais nas tramas de Clifford Janeway

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kelly Castelo Branco da Silva Melo

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available O artigo parte do pressuposto que a literatura policial, como modo de registro e expressão de experiências ficcionais, ela mesma também considerada, nos estudos das áreas de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, uma fonte de informação, constitui-se de uma abordagem que torna possível a análise/interpretação e representação de quadros de referências sócio-históricas e, mais especificamente, de determinadas práticas colecionistas. Como desdobramento de estudos sobre bibliofilia em Memória Social, o artigo toma como campo empírico cinco romances policiais escritos pelo norte-americano John Dunning. Por meio da leitura analítica desses livros, propõe teórica e metodologicamente identificar, recortar e descrever as fontes de informação julgadas relevantes para as dinâmicas das tramas, visando elucidar o que é possível depreender do universo bibliófilo, e o que, nesse universo ficcional, constitui e representa práticas informacionais utilizadas por/em um universo colecionista não ficcional.

  7. The Universe in a Box: Introduction to the Study of Astronomy in the Initial Formation of Physics Teachers. (Spanish Title: El Universo Representado en Una Caja: Introducción al Estudio de la Astronomía en la Formación Inicial de Profesores de Física.) O Universo Representado em Uma Caixa: Introdução ao Estudo da Astronomia NA Formação Inicial de Professores de Física

    Science.gov (United States)

    Longhini, Marcos Daniel

    2009-07-01

    modelos de universo que os participantes possuíam. Os resultados, que foram categorizados em universo miscelânea, geocêntrico, heliocêntrico e acêntrico, foram analisados qualitativamente. São apontadas as análises da atividade na ótica dos participantes, além de tecidas considerações sobre seu emprego como recurso ao ensino de Astronomia e na formação docente.

  8. Modelos Cosmológicos e a Aceleração do Universo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fagundes Helio V.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Alguns modelos cosmológicos são apresentados informalmente, especialmente os de Friedmann e Einstein-de Sitter, utilizados no contexto do chamado 'Big Bang', e os de Friedmann-Lemaître que completam os primeiros por incluir a aceleração da expansão do universo, descoberta alguns anos atrás.

  9. El Origen del Universo y de los Mitos Sonoros

    OpenAIRE

    Sergl, Marcos Júlio

    2017-01-01

    O evento acústico está presente em todos os momentos da vida da espécie humana. Para o homem arcaico, as emanações sonoras foram responsáveis pela criação e desenvolvimento do Universo. Cada emanação sonora se materializou simbólicamente em um Ente Sobrenatural, desvelado pelo homem pelos sons onomatopaicos para poder se comunicar com Ele. A perenização simbólica foi definida pela representação constante dos atos de criação sonoros por meio de histórias coletivas para que permanecessem na mem...

  10. El enigma de la desaparición de la antimateria en el Universo ¿Una posible explicación?

    OpenAIRE

    Lleó, A.

    2010-01-01

    Las teorías que se han elaborado hasta hoy para explicar la ausencia de antimateria en el Universo no son totalmente satisfactorias. La explicación que aquí sugerimos es compatible con la total simetría materia-antimateria, es decir, las propiedades de la materia podrían ser iguales que las de la antimateria. Proponemos la hipótesis de que en los primeros instantes del Universo, a muy alta temperatura, habría tenido lugar una fluctuación primordial PF, durante la cual se habrían producido int...

  11. La nuova fisica delle particelle e i segreti dell'universo un dialogo fra filosofia, scienza e religione

    CERN Document Server

    Bodei, Remo

    2017-01-01

    La Scuola della Cattedrale, presieduta da Monsignor Gianantonio Borgonovo, prosegue il suo ciclo di incontri con un evento culturale nel segno della fisica che esplora il mondo delle particelle. Guido Tonelli, fisico e professore ordinario dell’Università di Pisa, tratta degli eventi che hanno portato alla scoperta del bosone di Higgs al Cern di Ginevra dove è stato realizzato Lhc, l’acceleratore di particelle più potente del mondo, con un’analisi di materia e antimateria, energia e universo, per capire come tutto è cominciato e come forse andrà a finire. Dove potrà arrivare l’uomo con queste nuove visioni? Quali cambiamenti e traguardi sono ipotizzabili? Come leggere da un punto di vista religioso e filosofico questi nuovi scenari che la scienza prospetta? L’evento ha visto gli interventi di Monsignor Borgonovo e del filosofo Remo Bodei, professore emerito di Filosofia all’Università di Pisa.

  12. A origem do universo The origin of the universe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João E. Steiner

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available OS VÁRIOS MODELOS cosmológicos ao longo da história são brevemente descritos. A evolução das idéias pode ser entendida como uma sucessão de modelos, como o da Terra plana, o dos modelos geocêntricos, o do heliocêntrico e o do galactocêntrico. Nos últimos cem anos foi desenvolvida uma teoria, a do Big Bang, que descreve as observações mais sofisticadas de que dispomos hoje e que mostra que o universo teve uma origem que pode ser pesquisada cientificamente. Em décadas recentes, esse modelo foi aperfeiçoado para um novo conceito, o do Big Bang inflacionário. Na virada do milênio, novas descobertas mostraram que toda a matéria conhecida é apenas a ponta do iceberg em um universo dominado pela energia escura e pela matéria escura cujas naturezas permanecem misteriosas.THE VARIOUS cosmological models along history are briefly reviewed. The evolution of the ideas may be understood as successive models such as the flat earth, the geocentric models as well as the heliocentric and the galacto-centric ones. In the last century, a concept was developed, the big-bang theory, that describes the most sophisticated observations on hand today and shows that the universe had an origin that can be search with scientific methods. In recent decades this model was refined to a new concept: inflation. By the end of the century and millenium new discoveries showed that all known matter is only the tip of the iceberg in a universe dominated by dark energy and dark matter whose natures remain mysterious.

  13. Efecto de la curvatura espacial del universo en el espectro angular de las anisotropías en la temperatura de la radiación cósmica de fondo

    OpenAIRE

    Gabriel A. Mariño; Yeinzon Rodríguez

    2007-01-01

    El paradigma inflacionario resuelve los tres problemas clásicos de la cosmología estándar: el problema de planitud, el problema de hori- zonte y el problema de las reliquias no deseadas. En particular, el problema de planitud se resuelve al explicar cómo la contribución relativa de la cur- vatura espacial del Universo a2K 2 a la densidad total de energía decrece H exponencialmente durante la inflación. Además, el escenario inflacionario nos ofrece un mecanismo eficiente para generar pequeñas ...

  14. Cenários unificados para a expansão acelerada do Universo

    OpenAIRE

    Leila Lobato Graef

    2015-01-01

    Nos encontramos atualmente em um momento histórico privilegiado para a cosmologia. Na última década, o grande progresso das observações astronô- micas permitiu que diversos modelos cosmológicos pudessem ser testados com grande precisão. Com uma série de resultados observacionais sendo lançados, obtivemos informações valiosas sobre a expansão acelerada do universo primitivo e a expansão acelerada atual. Em sua essência, tais esforços observacionais buscam esclarecer algumas das questões mais ...

  15. O confronto entre enfermagem e a realidade do macro ao micro universo acadêmico La confrontación entre enfermería y la realidad del macro al micro universo académico The confrontation between nursing and reality of the macro and micro academic universe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarethe Maria Santiago Rêgo

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Partindo de uma análise crítica construtiva, esse estudo além de abordar o confronto entre o devir docente e a realidade do macro ao micro universo acadêmico, discute as dimensões éticas, estéticas e políticas vivenciadas por docentes da EEAN/UFRJ frente ao fenômeno da morte causada por crime de dois profissionais de enfermagem. Adotou-se referencial teórico - metodológico fundamentado nas concepções de Denis e Weil. Finalizando considera que, a base para a otimização de caminhos efetivos e afetivos em busca de vida com justiça social, solidariedade e participação política nos espaços de Enfermagem, emerge, primordialmente da vontade e de permanentes esforços no sentido da valorização do aprimoramento das qualidades humanas dos alunos e profissionais de enfermagem, sobretudo, dos valores éticos, estéticos e espirituais.Desde un análisis critico y constructivo, ese estudio además de abordar la confrontación entre el tornarse docente y la realidad del grand y pequeño universo académico, discute las dimensiones éticas, estéticas y politicas vividos por docentes de EEAN/UFRJ (Escuela Anna Nery de Enfermería/Universidad Federal del Rio de Janeiro delante del fenómeno de la muerte causada por crimen de dos profesionales de enfermería. Fue adoptado un referencial teorico y metodologico procedente de las concepciones de Denis y Weil. Concluiendo, es considerado que, la basis para la optimazición de caminos efectivos y afectivos en busca de vida con justicia social, solidariedad y participación poltica en los espacios de Enfermería, sobresale, primariamiente de la vontad y de permanentes esfuerzos en el sentido de la valoración del perfeccionamiento de las cualidades humanas de los alumnos y profesionales de enfermería, sobretodo, de los valores éticos, estéticos y espirituales.Starting from a constructive and critical analysis, this study besides aproaching the confrontation between the becoming professor and

  16. Carencias de la realidad: conciencia, universo y mecánica cuántica. Ramón Lapiedra expone la inviabilidad cuántica del universo determinista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Monserrat

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Hoy en día es imposible entender no sólo la ontología del mundo físico, sino también la del mundo viviente y humano, o sea, entender la ontología del universo, de la vida y del hombre (la conciencia, sin hacerlo de acuerdo con la imagen de la realidad que nos ha propuesto la mecánica cuántica. Para Ramón Lapiedra esta imagen cuántica nos lleva a entender que, detrás de nuestras experiencias o medidas experimentales, se esconde una enigmática realidad cuántica «con carencias de realidad» que excluye el determinismo absoluto…

  17. L'universo elegante superstringhe, dimensioni nascoste e la ricerca della teoria ultima

    CERN Document Server

    Greene, Brian

    2000-01-01

    Oggi, fisici e matematici lavorano a una delle più ambiziose teorie mai proposte: la teoria delle stringhe. Grazie a essa, lo scontro secolare tra le leggi del grande (la relatività generale) e le leggi del piccolo (la meccanica dei quanti) viene superato a vantaggio di una superiore unità, basata sull'affermazione che tutti gli eventi dell'universo nascono da un'unica entità: microscopici cicli di energia nascosti nel cuore della materia. Per questa capacità di unificare tutte le forze della natura, la teoria delle stringhe è stata definita "la teoria di ogni cosa".

  18. Ondas estocásticas de super-horizonte e o raio do universo

    OpenAIRE

    Luis Gustavo Tomaz Silva

    2013-01-01

    O efeito Grishchuk-Zel'dovich (GZ) é um mecanismo através do qual uma onda com comprimento maior que o raio de Hubble produz um quadrupolo nas flutuações de temperatura da Radiação Cósmica de Fundo (RCF). Uma vez que este quadrupolo não é integralmente observado, o quadrupolo efetivo extraído dos mapas de temperatura da RCF é utilizado para colocar um limite inferior no comprimento dessa onda e, consequentemente, no raio da região homogênea que contém o universo observável. Neste trabalho mos...

  19. Universos fractales de materia y antimateria y el neutrovacío

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez Vita, Enrique

    2016-01-01

    En el presente ensayo proponemos un modelo físico en el que las partículas y antipartículas del vacío cuántico, que a su vez contendrían subniveles de vacío cuántico, polarizarían las cargas eléctricas y de color de leptones y quarks, en una secuencia infinita convergente. En una perspectiva filosófica, el modelo permite sustentar la posible existencia de un universo que sería un vacío neutralizado o neutro vacío, de carácter nouménico, que se manifestaría como dualidad fenoménica en infinito...

  20. A mulher que alimenta: representações e sociabilidade no universo cultural das Minas setecentistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Aparecida Vítor

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO:Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o estudo da história da mulher africana e suas descendentes em Minas Gerais no século XVIII, por meio da análise dos hábitos alimentares, identificando suas diversas formas de representação e sociabilidade no universo cultural alimentar da América Portuguesa. O objetivo, além de conhecer e compreender o cotidiano da cultura alimentar dessas mulheres é também buscar afirmar uma identidade em que elas possam ser vistas enquanto preservadoras das suas tradições de origem, ressaltando desta forma, seus aspectos étnico-culturais. Para tal, propõe-se estudá-las por um dos meios pelo qual elas mais atuaram em Minas Gerais, o da alimentação. Estabeleceram-se enquanto verdadeiras protagonistas em meio a uma sociedade patriarcalista atuando tanto no comércio fixo quanto no ambulante. Trilhar os caminhos desse universo é mergulhar num contexto híbrido e encontrá-las como agentes sociais que quebraram paradigmas e reinventaram valores e costumes na cultura afro-brasileira.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Mulher, alimentação, cultura, África, colônia, comércioABSTRACT: This work aims to contribute to the study of the history of African women and their descendants in Minas Gerais in the eighteenth century, through the analysis of eating habits, identifying various forms of representation and sociability in the food culture of Portuguese America universe. The goal, in addition to knowing and understanding the daily life of these women food culture is also seeking to assert an identity that they can be seen while preserving their original traditions, highlighting thus their ethnic and cultural aspects. To this end, it is proposed to study them by one of the means by which they acted more in Minas Gerais, the food. They settled as real protagonists in the midst of a patriarchal society acting both in the fixed trade as in walking. Walk the paths of this universe is to dive in a hybrid context and

  1. L’enigma dei raggi cosmici le più grandi energie dell’universo

    CERN Document Server

    De Angelis, Alessandro

    2012-01-01

    Grazie ad avventurosi studi fu possibile dimostrare un secolo fa che parte della radiazione naturale che si osserva sulla Terra è di natura extraterrestre: era la scoperta dei cosiddetti “raggi cosmici”, particelle che arrivano da misteriosi acceleratori nell’universo, probabilmente buchi neri supermassicci e resti di supernova, a energie anche centinaia di milioni di volte di quelle a cui riusciamo a produrle con i più potenti acceleratori della Terra. A cent’anni dalle prime scoperte questo libro si propone, con l’aiuto di documenti scoperti recentemente, di raccontare la vera storia di questa appassionante avventura scientifica e le frontiere dell'esplorazione dei raggi cosmici.

  2. CERN Library | Carlos Chimal presents his book "El Universo en un puñado de átomos" | 26 September

    CERN Document Server

    CERN Library

    2016-01-01

    "El Universo en un puñado de átomos", by Carlos Chimal. Monday 26 September 2016 - 16:00 Room Georges Charpak (60-6-015)   What have in common Swiss filmmaker Alain Tanner, Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, French philosopher Voltaire, Spanish writer Cervantes, English playwright Shakespeare and Particle Physics? El Universo en un puñado de átomos is a chronicle about the relationship between literature, arts, science and technology around HEP. As a novelist interested in public understanding of science, author started these diary of the journey into the atom in April of 1992 interviewing Leon Lederman at Fermilab, later he visited DESY and finally, since 1998, he came to CERN and did "lab life", sometimes spending several weeks, even months, at CERN. Every year since then he have been interviewing particle hunters as many as he could. So, this book is supported by their testimonies given formally...

  3. Joaquina García Balmaseda y su contribución periodística al universo femenino decimonónico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez-Elegido Centeno, Ana María

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available This article looks at the texts Joaquina García Balmaseda (1837- 1911 published in the women’s press. Throughout her lengthy career as a press writer she developed a line of discussion that embraces all aspects of the feminine universe to which she belonged. Her writings include an abundance of women’s pages, addressing both their instruction and moral education from an early age. These texts demonstrate the need for a comprehensive education as well as training in the domestic and family realm. Nevertheless, women also needed to have an education that would aid their development, commitment and realisation in other social aspects, such as culturally and professionally.Este artículo tiene por objeto el estudio de los textos publicados por la escritora Joaquina García Balmaseda (1837-1911 en la prensa femenina. A lo largo de su dilatada actividad como escritora profesional en los periódicos, Joaquina García Balmaseda desarrolla un discurso que abarca todas las facetas del universo femenino del que ella misma participa. En esta escritura periodística encontramos numerosas páginas destinadas a la mujer donde se procura su instrucción y formación moral desde la infancia, textos que demuestran la necesidad de una educación integral y de una preparación para el ámbito doméstico y familiar pero también para su desarrollo, dedicación y realización en otros espacios sociales como el cultural y el profesional.

  4. Best-seller e games: a iniciação do jovem no universo literário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jéssica Kurak Ponciano

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2014v10n1p102 É facilmente constatável a falta de interesse pela literatura esboçada pelos jovens do Ensino Médio. Também são constantes as queixas dos professores com relação ao gosto cultural dos alunos bem como seu afastamento do universo literário. Ao contrário dessa realidade, o interesse dos adolescentes pelo universo virtual dos games cresce consideravelmente, bem como os produtos que originam-se de suas famosas franquias, como os Best-sellers. O artigo a seguir tem como objetivo refletir sobre a aplicabilidade dos games e dos Best-Sellers como ferramenta de inserção do jovem na literatura. Será abordada brevemente a conceituação e história do surgimento da Literatura de Massa, bem como as diferenças entre a literatura pertencente ao cânone e o Best-Seller. Trataremos das questões de formação de leitores por meio da narratividade dos Jogos Digitais. Em seguida será proposta uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade das leituras de massa e dos jogos digitais nas salas de aula, visando aumentar a adesão dos jovens à leitura.

  5. CHIRAL UNIVERSES AND QUANTUM EFFECTS PRODUCED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS UNIVERSOS QUIRALES Y EFECTOS CUÁNTICOS PRODUCIDOS POR CAMPOS ELECTROMAGNÉTICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Torres-Silva

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available The accepted structure of space and vacuum derives from the results of relativistic cosmology and quantum field theory. It is demonstrated that a chiral interface between enantiomeric regions of a closed universe, or a (right R-Universe and (left L-Universe, related by an element of PCT symmetry along the interface, represents a construct with all the attributes required of the theoretical vacuum, in-so-far as quantum behaviour is then seen to be induced by the vacuum interface. Quantum mechanics emerges as a special case of classical mechanics, rather than the latter being a subset of the former. This removes the quantum-mechanical observational problem, explains the cosmological large-number coincidences, and accounts for the anti-matter in the cosmos.La estructura aceptada del espacio y el vacío se derivan de los resultados de la cosmología relativística y de la teoría cuántica de campo. Se demuestra que una interfaz quiral entre regiones enantioméricas de un universo cerrado, o un universo derecho y un universo izquierdo, relacionados por un elemento de simetría PCT a lo largo de la interfaz, representa un modelo con todos los atributos requeridos por el vacío teórico. Se desprende que el comportamiento cuántico es entonces visto que es inducido por la interfaz de vacío. La mecánica quántica emerge como un caso especial de la mecánica clásica, más bien que siendo la última un subconjunto de la primera. Esto resuelve el problema observacional mecánico cuántico, explica las coincidencias de los grandes números cosmológicos y toma en cuenta la antimateria en el cosmos.

  6. Efecto de la curvatura espacial del universo en el espectro angular de las anisotropías en la temperatura de la radiación cósmica de fondo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel A. Mariño

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El paradigma inflacionario resuelve los tres problemas clásicos de la cosmología estándar: el problema de planitud, el problema de hori- zonte y el problema de las reliquias no deseadas. En particular, el problema de planitud se resuelve al explicar cómo la contribución relativa de la cur- vatura espacial del Universo a2K 2 a la densidad total de energía decrece H exponencialmente durante la inflación. Además, el escenario inflacionario nos ofrece un mecanismo eficiente para generar pequeñas perturbaciones en la curvatura espacial que explicarían las anisotropías en la temperatura de la radiación cósmica de fondo (RCF observadas hoy en día. Los tradi- cionales modelos inflacionarios que desprecian la contribución relativa a2K 2 H reproducen las recientes observaciones del satélite WMAP sobre el espectro angular Cl de las anisotropías en la temperatura de la RCF, pero fallan en los multipolos más pequeños, en donde las observaciones presentan una inesperada caída. Este extraño comportamiento nos conduce a proponer un análisis del espectro angular Cl a grandes escalas (pequeños multipolos teniendo en cuenta la contribución relativa a2K 2 , y ofrecer un mejor ajuste H a los datos experimentales, evidenciando así la topología característica del Universo observado.

  7. Sexualidade, cuidado e relações de poder na diáspora: as imigrantes brasileiras no universo das casas de alterne em Lisboa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lira Turrer Dolabella

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available ResumoEste artigo traz um recorte da minha etnografia sobre o universo de experiências de brasileiras que trabalham em casas de alterne em Lisboa – estabelecimentos direcionados ao público masculino onde o trabalho das mulheres é entreter os clientes e induzi-los ao consumo. Primeiramente buscarei contextualizar esse campo de pesquisa no terreno dos deslocamentos Brasil-Portugal. Parto do pressuposto de que a articulação entre gênero, raça, classe e sexualidade não só é central no posicionamento social destas mulheres no contexto migratório como constitui a força aglutinadora que faz com que este grupo possa ser entendido como diaspórico. Na segunda parte lançarei mão de um episódio do meu trabalho de campo para ilustrar como a cultura do cuidado e as noções de reciprocidade, solidariedade e responsabilidade, além de representarem uma fonte de status social e poder, também influenciam na construção das identidades diaspóricas e transnacionais criando importantes espaços de ação e agência.

  8. Tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica en niños con Rinitis Alérgica y/o Asma Bronquial. Área Norte. 2005 - 2007.

    OpenAIRE

    Matilde Iraida Morera Franco; Rigoberto Antonio García Chang; María Mercedes Gómez Paz

    2007-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal durante el período Enero 2005_ Enero 2007 en el Policlínico Norte del municipio Sancti Spíritus. El universo estuvo constituido por el total de niños con edades de 2_15 años con enfermedades alérgicas, a los que se realizó pruebas de alergia e indicó tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica por vía subcutánea, la muestra estuvo formada por 75 pacientes con asma bronquial, rinitis alérgica y/o ambas enfermedades, con el objetivo de determinar ...

  9. Viagem pelo Universo, uma aplicação no Ensino Básico e Secundário

    OpenAIRE

    Pinto, Elisa Maria Mendes Gaspar Nunes

    2010-01-01

    Este trabalho centra-se na história dos átomos, dos elementos e das partículas subatómicas, e tem como objectivo a descrição da origem do Universo, das estrelas, dos buracos negros e do Sol. O Hidrogénio, foi o primeiro elemento a formar-se após a grande explosão, Big Bang, e serviu de combustível na formação de novas substâncias, através de reacções nucleares que ocorrem nas estrelas. A partir da teoria da formação das estrelas e da sua evolução compreende-se melhor o ap...

  10. Literatura e Historia a través de un universo transmedia: posibilidades didácticas de El Ministerio del Tiempo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel-María GÓMEZ-TRIGUEROS

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Como profesores del Grado de Educación somos conscientes de que la alfabetización transmedia forma parte de nuestra labor docente orientada a la formación de futuros profesionales que desempeñarán su labor en un contexto comunicativo mediático. El propósito de esta comunicación es presentar una herramienta específica para el transmedia en el medio docente que se inserta dentro de un Proyecto de la Universidad de Alicante: "Propuestas transmedia y gamificación aplicadas al EEES: nuevas metodología activas para implementar las competencias en Ciencias Sociales y en Literatura". Consideraramos las TIC como un espacio decisivo para la difusión de la docencia a través de herramientas virtuales, desarrollando propuestas didácticas en las que se implemente a través de los transmedia y la gamificación la adquisición de nuevos contenidos en dichas áreas de conocimiento. Por ello, presentamos una experiencia educativa en la que nuestros estudiantes del Máster en Profesorado de Educación Secundaria, como futuros profesionales docentes, sean capaces de incorporar en sus clases proyectos de innovación docente con intervenciones en el aula que se sustentan en los beneficios de los universos transmedia.

  11. Pelos olhos da criança: concepções do universo concentracionário nos desenhos de Terezín

    OpenAIRE

    Luciane Bonace Lopes Fernandes

    2015-01-01

    A presente tese tem como objetivo geral investigar, a partir de uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, 367 trabalhos artísticos produzidos por 26 crianças, nascidas entre 1926 e 1938, que estiveram confinadas no campo de concentração nazista de Terezín, na República Checa, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, visando levantar outras informações sobre o universo concentracionário, perdidas, esquecidas ou não tocadas pelos sobreviventes. Objetiva também investigar como contextos violentos foram assimila...

  12. Conferencia del Profesor Stephen Hawking en la ceremonia de apertura del 25 Aniversario de los Premios Príncipe de Asturias

    OpenAIRE

    Hawking, Stephen

    2012-01-01

    Tras señalar que la Segunda Ley de la Termodinámica se cumple porque el universo empezó en un estado ordenado, y que para predecir el estado inicial se deben ocupar tanto la relatividad general como la teoría cuántica, Hawking propone que el universo no tiene una sola historia sino todas las historias posibles, cada una con su propia amplitud de probabilidad. Postula que las historias del universo dependen de lo que está siendo medido, al revés de la idea habitual de que el universo tiene una...

  13. Diegese, Circulo Mágico e as Categorias Estéticas no Universo Transmídia de Diablo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thaiane Moreira de Oliveira

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A proposta deste artigo consiste em analisar a estratégia de narrativa transmídia, utilizada pela empresa Blizzard Entertainment para explorar o universo ficcional da franquia dos jogos Diablo para computador, buscando compreender como as categorias estéticas foram convocadas e como estas podem ser consideradas metáforas para a compreensão da experiência do usuário de narrativas transmídia cujo eixo central é um jogo digital. Assim, temos como objetivo discutir como as noções de círculo mágico, agência, imersão e transformação podem ser relidas como metáforas a partir do consumo de narrativas transmidiáicas.

  14. La música de Franz Joseph Haydn en España: recopilación, catalogación e interpretación de las fuentes musicales conservadas en Madrid hasta 1833

    OpenAIRE

    Montero García, María del Rosario

    2013-01-01

    La música de Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) fue adquirida e interpretada en España durante su vida. Prueba de esto es la existencia de un abundante número de impresos y copias manuscritas de obras musicales suyas dispersas por toda la geografía española, así como las frecuentes alusiones al compositor austriaco en fuentes españolas hemerográficas, teóricas, literarias y epistolares. Dichas fuentes muestran que la música de Haydn gozó de gran prestigio, incluso años después de su muerte, reper...

  15. Sensibilización a los alérgenos de las penicilinas en pacientes que padecen enfermedades alérgicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olimpio Rodríguez-Santos

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Los antibióticos ß-lactámicos son los más utilizados, dada su eficacia para patógenos bacterianos comunes y su precio relativamente bajo. Para evaluar la sensibilización a los alérgenos mayores y menores de la penicilina en pacientes que padecen enfermedades alérgicas, se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles, en el universo de 458 individuos derivados al Servicio de Alergia Previsora (Camagüey, Cuba, desde enero del 2010 hasta noviembre del 2016. Se seleccionó una muestra de 178 niños y adultos con el diagnóstico de asma, rinitis y urticaria de las edades 6 a 60 años. Los que tenían antecedentes, no confirmados, de alergia a penicilinas se consideraron casos (n=60 y los que no tenían el antecedente controles (n=118. Toda la muestra tenía pruebas de Prick positivas a uno o más de los ácaros domésticos Dermatophagoides pteronysinus, Dermatophagoides siboney y Blomia tropicalis, así como a algún alimento. Un grupo de ellos también resultaron positivos a PPL y MD. Se distribuyeron los pacientes en sensibilizados o no con los alérgenos PPL y MD. La prevalencia general de alergia a las penicilinas fue de 24,15% (15,7% en los casos y 8,9% en los controles. La prueba DAP® - Penicilinas mostró mayor número de positivos en los casos que en los controles (p=0,037, OR=5,21. Del total de alérgicos a las penicilinas, el mayor número de pacientes correspondieron al sexo femenino (p=0,031. El test cutáneo con alérgenos PPL y MD puede confirmar el diagnóstico de alergia a penicilinas en pacientes atópicos.

  16. Factores de riesgo del bajo peso al nacer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Rosell Juarte

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación de casos y controles en las mujeres que parieron niños con bajo peso, de los consultorios urbanos de médicos de la familia pertenecientes al Policlínico Comunitario Docente "Carlos J. Finlay" de Camagüey, durante el año 1994, con el objetivo de identificar los factores de riesgo biológico y socioeconómicos que con más frecuencia se asociaron; se estudiaron 32 "casos" y 53 "controles" de un universo de 521 nacidos vivos. Se demostró que la edad materna hasta 19 años y de 35 y más, la ganancia insuficiente de peso durante la gestación, el antecedente familiar de prematuridad, la amenaza de parto pretérmino y la ruptura prematura de las membranas, resultaron ser factores de riesgo, y esto no coincide con lo reportado por algunos autores en la evaluación de otros factores asociados.

  17. Perfil dos Professores de Ciências Naturais do Recôncavo da Bahia - Alunos da Disciplina Terra e Universo no Curso de Ciências Naturais do Parfor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lima, S. R.; Cerqueira Júnior, W.; Dutra, G.

    2011-12-01

    Este trabalho foi desenvolvido pelo projeto Astronomia no Recôncavo da Bahia, no Centro de Formação de Professores da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Traçamos o perfil de um grupo de professores que lecionam conteúdos de Ciências Naturais no recôncavo, alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Naturais, oferecido dentro do Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica. Nosso objetivo era avaliar se eles estão preparados para trabalhar conteúdos de Astronomia e identificar suas dificuldades. Os resultados serviram para orientar o professor da disciplina “Terra e Universo”, oferecida no segundo semestre de 2010. Durante a primeira aula da disciplina Terra e Universo, os alunos responderam a um questionário contendo questões abertas e fechadas, divididas em duas partes. A primeira procurando caracterizar profissionalmente os alunos enquanto professores da rede pública da região do Recôncavo Sul da Bahia e uma segunda parte procurando identificar conhecimentos básicos em Astronomia. Os resultados indicam uma predominância de professores do sexo feminino, com idade superior aos 40 anos, pardos e sem formação específica para o ensino de ciências. A maioria leciona há mais de 15 anos para turmas do 1º ao 5º ano, alguns lecionam para turmas de 6º ao 9º ano. Quase todos nunca participaram de um curso de formação continuada em Astronomia. Além disso, não estão habituados a ler revistas especializadas e nem livros com esta temática. Os que procuram ensinar temas voltados para a Astronomia têm, no livro didático, a maior fonte de informação sobre o assunto. As respostas também indicam uma deficiência em conteúdos básicos como a compreensão da esfericidade da Terra, noções de verticalidade e gravidade, incapacidade de identificar a Terra como um planeta, no Sistema Solar, em uma galáxia, no Universo. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância de disciplinas de Astronomia básica na formação dos

  18. Eficacia de la crema de aloe al 25 % en la estomatitis subprotésica grado II Efficacy of 25% aloe cream in treating second degree denture stomatitis

    OpenAIRE

    Idalia Camps Mullines; Marcia Hortensia Corona Carpio; Caridad Medina Magluen; Carlos Bruzón Varona; Martha Concepción Ibáñez Castillo

    2007-01-01

    Se realizó un ensayo clínico terapéutico (fase II, aleatorio, en la consulta de prótesis dental del Hospital Militar Docente “Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany”, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la terapia antiinflamatoria con crema de aloe al 25 % sobre la mucosa afectada por estomatitis subprótesis grado II en pacientes portadores de prótesis con bases acrílicas tanto totales como parciales. El universo estuvo constituido por 120 pacientes que acudieron a nuestro servicio en e...

  19. La nascita imperfetta delle cose la grande corsa alla particella di Dio e la nuova fisica che cambierà il mondo

    CERN Document Server

    AUTHOR|(CDS)2068901

    2016-01-01

    In quel preciso momento, un centesimo di miliardesimo di secondo dopo il Big Bang, si è deciso il nostro destino. In un universo in cui materia e antimateria si equivalevano, e che quindi avrebbe potuto, in ogni istante, tornare a essere pura energia, può essere bastata una leggerissima preferenza del bosone di Higgs per la materia anziché per l'antimateria ed ecco che si è prodotto il mondo che abbiamo sotto gli occhi. "Ecco qua il minuscolo difetto, la sottile imperfezione da cui è nato tutto. Un'anomalia che dà origine a un universo che può evolvere per miliardi di anni." Se tutto nasce da lì, dobbiamo capire in ogni dettaglio quel momento cruciale, ricostruirlo fotogramma per fotogramma, al rallentatore e da diverse angolature. Per questo al Cern di Ginevra è stato realizzato Lhc, l'acceleratore di particelle più potente del mondo, il posto più simile al primo istante di vita dell'universo che l'uomo sia stato in grado di costruire. Per questo da anni i migliori fisici del mondo lavorano giorno...

  20. The Moral Arc of the Universe: Salvation as Emancipation (El arco del universo moral: la salvación como emancipación)

    OpenAIRE

    James W. Ward

    2015-01-01

    Resumen: Muchas interpretaciones modernas de la salvación trasfiguran y personalizan la salvación. La estancia eterna de un alma en el cielo es posible por medio de la salvación. Las ideas judías y cristianas son más profundas y complicadas e incluyen una idea de la salvación como una emancipación de "poderes y principios." La salvación llega después de una adaptación por el dirigente legítimo del universo y una liberación de la esclavitud a otros dirigentes falsos. Yo resumo el significado d...

  1. O CORPO E O UNIVERSO LÚDICO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE HABILIDADES ESSENCIAIS NO PROCESSO DE LETRAMENTO E ALFABETIZAÇÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luzia Alves de Carvalho

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho “O Corpo e o Universo Lúdico no Desenvolvimento de Habilidades Essenciais no Processo de Letramento e Alfabetização” apresenta o resultado de um processo de Psicomotricidade Relacional no espaço escolar. Revela-se como estudo de caso de uma turma de 17 crianças de 5 anos, do 3º período da Educação Infantil, durante um ano. Objetiva verificar a influência da Psicomotricidade Relacional no letramento e alfabetização dessas crianças e no seu desenvolvimento integral. Tange, en passant sobre a natureza neurológica da criança como fundamento para seu processo de aprendizagem hábil, motriz, cognitiva, sócio-afetiva e espiritual.

  2. Língua/linguagem e tradução cultural: algumas considerações a partir do universo Ticuna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marília Facó Soares

    Full Text Available Este artigo segue os desenvolvimentos formais recentes da gramática de cunho chomskyano, que leva em conta os sistemas cognitivos com os quais a linguagem faz interface. Situado no universo Ticuna e na sua expressão por meio da língua Ticuna, tem por objetivo mostrar que alguns domínios da gramática podem se articular com o conhecimento enciclopédico pensado como conhecimento extralingüístico. Aponta para novas perspectivas de estudo entre cultura e língua e relaciona a análise ao campo da produção de sentido. À guisa de conclusão, sugere que o estudo de significados especiais possuídos por determinadas expressões lingüísticas são um bom caminho para entender ou buscar entender questões de tradução/interpretação.

  3. Pensar con sonidos. Los universos musicales en El Trino del Diablo de Daniel Moyano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irene Noemi López

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available La música ocupa un lugar predominante en la producción literaria de Daniel Moyano. Su escritura entrama en diversos planos –semántico, formal, ideológico- referencias y procedimientos provenientes del discurso musical construyendo un espacio textual complejo. Consideramos por ello que a través de su estudio es posible colaborar en la reflexión acerca de las múltiples formas de producción de sentido que se generan en el  diálogo entre lenguajes artísticos, en este caso entre música y literatura.   En este trabajo realizamos una lectura de El trino del diablo para mostrar las formas en que el universo narrativo de la novela se configura a través de la incorporación de mitos y concepciones acerca de la música y los intérpretes, incidiendo en la construcción de espacios de pertenencia y marcos de referencia cultural e identitaria. Asimismo, la lectura en torno a la textualización de prácticas, valores y referencias musicales constituye una forma posible de conocimiento y comprensión del mundo político y social de los años 1970 en Argentina.

  4. EVALUACION DE LA CONTAMINACION AL ACUIFERO, EN LA REGION MORELIA- CAPULA, CAUSADA POR EL IMPACTO DE LA INFILTRACION DE LIXIVIADOS GENERADOS POR EL BASURERO MUNICIPAL DE LA CIUDAD DE MORELIA.

    OpenAIRE

    Verduzco Cedeño, Luis Alberto

    2012-01-01

    El tiradero de Morelia, localizado 15 km al oeste de la ciudad de Morelia, ha funcionado desde 1984 y constituyó un sitio de depósito de residuos no controlado, que ha ocupado una extensión de 15 ha. Actualmente se han hecho las obras civiles necesarias para que los residuos que recibe (aproximadamente 800 ton diarias de basura) puedan ser clasificados. Para evaluar el nivel de contaminación en la región Morelia-Capula, definimos el universo de puntos de muestreo de los cuales ...

  5. Miedo al tratamiento estomatológico en pacientes de la clínica estomatológica docente provincial Fear to treatment in patients of the teaching dentistry clinic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magda Lima Álvarez

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial “Ismael Clark y Mascaró”, del municipio y provincia de Camagüey, desde Noviembre del 2005 hasta mayo del 2006 con los objetivos de determinar la prevalencia del miedo al tratamiento estomatológico según edad y sexo, identificar su etiología y precisar las características clínicas de los pacientes en esta fase. El universo se constituyó por todos pacientes que asistieron al centro asistencial. La muestra estuvo integrada por 210 personas seleccionadas de forma aleatoria dentro del universo. Se obtuvo que predominó el sexo masculino y el grupo de edades de 41-50 años, el ruido del airotor es la causa principal del miedo al estomatólogo seguida de la percepción individual del dolor; las manifestaciones clínicas se manifestaron como sudores y taquicardia, le siguieron los agarrotamientos, los temblores e hipersensibilidad al dolorA descriptive study in the Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial “Ismael Clark y Mascaró, of the municipality and county of Camagüey, from November 2005 until May 2006 with the objectives of determining the prevalence of fear to dentistry treatment according to age and sex, to identify their ethnology and to specify the clinical characteristics of the patients in this phase. All patients that attended the assistance centre constituted the universe. 210 selected people integrated the sample in a random way inside the universe. It was obtained that it prevailed the male sex and the group of 41-50 year-old ages, the noise of the airotor it is the main cause from the fear to the estomatólogo followed by the individual perception of the pain; the clinical manifestations showed as perspirations and taquicardia, the stiffening, the tremors and hypersensitivity to the pain followed

  6. Fabiola Gianotti "O universo que vemos, estrelas, planetas e galaxias, é apenas 5% do que là està. Nao hà instrumentos que nos permitam observar o restantes 95%, que sao o que chamamos matéria escura e energia"

    CERN Document Server

    Caetano, Emilia

    2017-01-01

    Fabiola Gianotti "O universo que vemos, estrelas, planetas e galaxias, é apenas 5% do que là està. Nao hà instrumentos que nos permitam observar o restantes 95%, que sao o que chamamos matéria escura e energia"

  7. En torno al arte europeo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Aspectos de las relaciones forma–contenido o forma–función en la obra de Lawrence Alma–Tadema, Gottfried Semper y Richard Wagner

    OpenAIRE

    Moreno Dopazo, Ángel

    2011-01-01

    El trabajo se plantea como una reflexión sobre la dificultad actual para apreciar los valores, a menudo denostados, de los ya supuestamente lejanos arte y cultura del siglo XIX. De aquel rico mundo de referentes y asociaciones se destacan aquí las figuras del pintor realista Alma-Tadema, los arquitectos del Ring de Viena, con Semper como singular protagonista, y el músico Richard Wagner. Junto al análisis del complejo universo pictórico del artista holandés afincado en Inglaterra se presenta ...

  8. Hielo en el universo: de la tierra al medio interestelar

    OpenAIRE

    Gálvez, Óscar

    2010-01-01

    El tema central de la conferencia será la naturaleza e importancia del hielo, centrándose principalmente en el estado sólido del agua. Su estructura y naturaleza le hacen tener unas propiedades únicas que han sido objeto de incontables estudios científicos. Su formación ha sido estudiada en diferentes condiciones de presión y temperatura, lo que ha dado lugar a la caracterización de un gran número de fases cristalinas. La presencia de hielo es importante para muchos procesos climáticos, atmos...

  9. Rutinas de producción informativa en los ciberdiarios de referencia de Ecuador: El Universo, El Mercurio, El Diario y Crónica de la Tarde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D Rivera Rogel

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Se tomó como base primordial los perfiles de rutinas de producción de los ciberdiarios de Ecuador (El Universo, El Mercurio, El Diario y Crónica de la Tarde para conocer la dinámica de trabajo y la práctica profesional de los periodistas en la recolección de la información. Metodología: Se utilizaron técnicas de observación no participante y entrevistas en las salas de redacción de cada ciberdiario. La observación en los diarios se efectúo de acuerdo a las siguientes fechas: El Mercurio (1 y 2 de junio de 2011, El Universo (7 de junio de 2011, El Diario (9 y 10 de junio de 2011, y Crónica de la Tarde (13 y 14 de junio de 2011. Resultados: Los resultados apuntan a que los ciberdiarios mantienen métodos de trabajo rutinario. Discusión: La estructura de trabajo es heredada del medio tradicional. Hay una ausencia de participación de los periodistas en la toma de decisiones, redefinición y evaluación del producto digital. Conclusiones: La transición del trabajo de los periodistas de la versión en papel a la digital presenta una alerta considerable. La organización de las salas de redacción es coherente con las dinámicas de trabajo de los medios, teniendo en cuenta que los recursos humanos son limitados y poco capacitados.

  10. Descripción de la realidad mente-cerebro-universo a partir de un nuevo paradigma científico y la tradición oriental: posible diálogo entre la neurociencia en Pribram y la tradición taoísta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Cecilia Vallejo Clavio

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Los eternos cuestionamientos del ser humano por la esencia deluniverso, de la materia y del hombre mismo son acompañadospor explicaciones de diversa índole, entre las que se encuentranlas cientíęcas y las místico-espirituales. En este artículo, produc-to del proyectoCiencia-Espiritualidad, el cual indaga por las co-nexiones entre el pensamiento epistemológico occidental y lasgrandes tradiciones del lejano Oriente, se analizan las posibilida-des de diálogo entre Pribram, quien adopta una posición episte-mológica denominada realismo constructivo, queriendo superarlas posiciones emergentes dualistas frente al problema mente –cuerpo y los presupuestos de la tradición taoísta que proponen laindisoluble unidad del ser humano con el cosmos, mediante laspulsaciones del yin-yang y el concepto de vacío cósmico. Desdeestas dos posiciones, se establece la posibilidad de un diálogofecundo desde la concepción holográęca del mismo universo..

  11. Eficacia de la crema de aloe al 25 % en la estomatitis subprotésica grado II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Idalia Camps Mullines

    Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo clínico terapéutico (fase II, aleatorio, en la consulta de prótesis dental del Hospital Militar Docente “Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany”, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la terapia antiinflamatoria con crema de aloe al 25 % sobre la mucosa afectada por estomatitis subprótesis grado II en pacientes portadores de prótesis con bases acrílicas tanto totales como parciales. El universo estuvo constituido por 120 pacientes que acudieron a nuestro servicio en el período de septiembre del 2005 a octubre del 2006. Se establecieron 2 grupos: uno de estudio y otro de control, con 60 integrantes cada uno. Al primer grupo se le aplicó la crema de aloe al 25 % hasta su curación, al segundo grupo se le indicó tratamiento convencional. En ambos se le retiraron los aparatos protésicos y se evaluaron a partir del tercer día hasta su curación. Se comprobó que la curación de la lesión se producía aproximadamente en 7 días en el grupo estudio, no así en el grupo control, donde los pacientes requirieron de un tiempo mayor para la desaparición de estos síntomas, lo que demuestra que el tratamiento con la crema de aloe al 25 % en la estomatitis subprótesis es eficaz , por lo cual recomendamos su uso a largo plazo.

  12. I misteri del tempo l'universo dopo Einstein

    CERN Document Server

    Davies, Paul

    1996-01-01

    Quando fu esattamente l'inizio del tempo? Il viaggio nel tempo è realtà o fantasia? Sono possibili gli esperimenti con il tempo? Questo importante saggio indaga sull'enigma del tempo, un tema affascinante da sempre al centro delle speculazioni scientifiche e religiose.

  13. PERTURBACIONES EN MODELOS COSMOLOGICOS INFLACIONARIOS

    OpenAIRE

    CID MUÑOZ; MARIA ANTONELLA; CID MUÑOZ; MARIA ANTONELLA

    2010-01-01

    Mostramos el desarrollo de la teoría de Relatividad General y el surgimiento a partir de ella del primer modelo cosmológico parcialmente exitoso en describir el universo observado, el modelo cosmológico estándar. Exponemos los problemas de este modelo al intentar describir el universo temprano y cómo éstos encuentran solución en el contexto de los modelos inflacionarios. Mostramos cómo los modelos inflacionarios son capaces de proveer una explicación razonable para el origen de las estruct...

  14. Los límites del universo creado: la asimilación tomista de la doctrina aristotélica en torno al problema de la infinitud

    OpenAIRE

    Minecan, Ana Maria C.

    2015-01-01

    [ES] El presente artículo estudia el influjo de los tratados físicos de Aristóteles sobre la concepción tomista en torno al lugar del infinito en el cosmos creado. Se analiza la posición sostenida por el Aquinate respecto a cuatro aspectos fundamentales de la teoría aristotélica en torno al infinito: existencia de una sustancia infinita, existencia de un cuerpo infinito, existencia de un infinito en acto y la infinitud del tiempo. Asimismo se expone el empleo de la teoría aristotélica del mo...

  15. LA CLASIFICACIÓN: UNA HERRAMIENTA PARA LA INCLUSIÓN DE LA VIVIENDA VERNÁCULA URBANA EN EL UNIVERSO ARQUITECTÓNICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana I. Maldonado Flores

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo constituye una síntesis de mi tesis doctoral titulada "Modelo para la clasificación arquitectónica a partir de sus componentes básicos" (UNAM, 2007, donde se reflexiona la manera con que tradicionalmente se clasifi ca la arquitectura, es decir, a partir de: modelos pertenecientes a otras disciplinas, períodos históricos, aspectos culturales, localización geográfi ca o épocas determinadas, resultando clasifi caciones parciales relacionadas con el componente estilo, que excluyen gran parte de los objetos que conforman el universo de la arquitectura, sobre todo los producidos por arquitectos empíricos (arquitectura vernácula, rural y urbana. Para solucionar lo anterior, se propone un modelo de clasifi cación fundamentado en los componentes básicos característicos de los objetos arquitectónicos: el estilo, la forma, el ornato, la estructura, la función y el espacio. El modelo de clasificación se aplicó a objetos pertenecientes tanto a la arquitectura académica como a la vernácula y se concluyó que, en ambas, el componente función es predominante y que aún en la síntesis se puede establecer una correspondencia directa con los componentes básicos. De los objetos analizados se citaron, además de los adjetivos usuales: cubista, high tech, moderno o posmoderno, características relacionadas con los componentes. Un objeto puede ser estilista, formalista, ornatista, estructuralista, funcionalista o espacialista. Dentro de la arquitectura vernácula, lo que más se produce son viviendas, el análisis de las soluciones arquitectónicas ahí propuestas permitirán un acercamiento del académico con el "otro", ayudando al enriquecimiento de las soluciones que comúnmente se plantean. Para este trabajo se seleccionaron dos casas habitación, cuyos resultados evidencian que la clasifi cación puede ser el punto de partida para la inclusión de aquellos objetos no considerados por la mayoría de los profesionales de

  16. Dalí, un genio hacia la muerte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernando Escobar Vera

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se propone analizar tres aspectos que se destacan en Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon (1941 de Salvador Dalí (1904-1989: la máscara; la contigüidad entre lo blando y lo duro; y lo orgánico, comestible y en descomposición. Estos aspectos se inscriben en el conjunto del sistema simbólico daliniano de tensiones que manifiestan el dislocamiento (y ambivalencia entre el reconocimiento que Dalí hace de su humanidad mortal y su deseo de trascendencia e inmortalidad. Así, lo que se manifiesta como angustia en el psiquismo del artista catalán es transformado en fascinación en su obra y en su vida, en las que se registran constantes alusiones al temor a la muerte y al deseo de trascenderla. Sin embargo, en este trabajo el énfasis no se pone en el psiquismo del artista sino en las mediaciones que le permiten elaborar una estética a partir de su angustia (sublimarla y en las particularidades de dicha estética.

  17. NARRATIVAS E DESENHOS NO ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA/GEOCIÊNCIAS COM O TEMA "A FORMAÇÃO DO UNIVERSO": UM OLHAR DAS GEOCIÊNCIAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Compiani

    Full Text Available A partir das Geociências, o artigo problematiza para o ensino de Astronomia, se a complexidade do objeto e dos fenômenos em Astronomia necessita do uso da linguagem visual em compartilhamento com a linguagem verbal, ou seja, se necessita da integração do verbal (nar rativo e do não-verbal (expressões gráficas - desenho. Retiro de um estudo de caso para as discussões duas estórias com dois desenhos sobre a formação do Universo. Mostro que os alunos desenvolveram "concei tos visuais", para singularizarem fenômenos do tema, e a lógica narrativa em que as partes foram conformadas, tendo em vista uma noção da estó ria final. Essas discussões estão apoiadas na semiótica pierciana para as narrativas e nos estudos de percepção visual (Gestalt.

  18. Batendo à porta do céu o bóson de Higgs e como a física modern ilumina o universo

    CERN Document Server

    Randall, Lisa

    2013-01-01

    Nesta obra a autora conduz seu mais novo trabalho, seduzindo o leitor pelas descobertas e teorias mais recentes da fisica, conforme realiza uma apaixonada - e necessaria - defesa da importancia da ciencia em nossas vidas. Na veia de autores como Stephen Hawking, Michio Kaku, Brian Greene e Carl Sagan, Randall explora seculos de conhecimento cientifico para tracar uma rica e esclarecedora historia do nosso Universo - do seu nascimento ate a inevitavel morte. Explica tambem o funcionamento do LHC, o maior acelerador de particulas do mundo, uma estrutura gigantesca construida na Suica que vem ajudando cientistas de todo o mundo a solucionar os misterios da materia e da origem da vida. Num capitulo feito especialmente apos a descoberta do boson de Higgs, a chamada 'particula de Deus', Randall elucida as consequencias deste que e um dos mais importantes avancos da historia da fisica. Valendo-se de uma prosa agil e explicativa, e travando um dialogo com profissionais de diversas areas, como roteiristas de cinema, c...

  19. Masculinidad y violencia: aproximaciones desde el universo del deporte Masculinity and violence: approaches in the sports' universe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio César Gonzáles Pagés

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El ejercicio de la violencia ha sido una cualidad asignada socio-culturalmente a los hombres en el decurso de la historia. Estos la han utilizado en función de legitimar el poder que poseen en el marco de las relaciones de género, a partir de la posición hegemónica que detentan respecto a las mujeres. Asimismo, los hombres continuamente están siendo violentos con otros hombres y consigo mismos, como parte de la socialización de sus masculinidades. La violencia es un fenómeno que se expresa en múltiples formas: física, verbal, psicológica, económica. Los escenarios en los que se hace visible son igualmente variados: las relaciones de pareja, en el seno del hogar, la escuela, los medios de comunicación o las prácticas deportivas. Estas últimas en su devenir histórico han estado marcadas por la presencia de episodios violentos en todas las áreas que se vinculan a ellas. Al constituirse el universo del deporte como espacio privilegiado para la validación de un modelo hegemónico de masculinidad, han sido los hombres los grandes cultores de esos episodios de violencia. Combatir la violencia y promover una cultura de paz que revierta la tradicional jerarquía que define las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres es un objetivo esencial en aras de un mundo mejor. Entre los actores e instituciones implicados en ello, la educación, en su sentido más amplio, ha de desempeñar un rol fundamental en la consecución de ese ideal.The practice of the violence has been a quality assigned socially and culturally to the men in the course of history. They have used it to legitimize their power inside gender relations, from the hegemonic position they have in relation to women. Likewise, men are frequently violent with other men and against themselves, a characteristic in socialization process of their masculinities. Violence is a phenomenon expressed in several ways: physically, verbally, psychologically and economically. The scenes where it appears

  20. Cosmologie a confronto

    CERN Document Server

    Bondi, Hermann

    1976-01-01

    Considerazioni preliminari ; scelta di un universo ; guardando con nuovi occhi ; fonti di energia cosmica ; modelli cosmologici ; in difesa dello stato stazionario ; il problema delle galassie ; l'influenza delle stelle ; i buchi neri ; il lontano futuro ; al di là delle vicende della materia.

  1. CONCEPCIÓN DE CIENCIA Y MÉTODO CIENTÍFICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE PSICOLOGÍA.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisabeth Elodia Granados

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Las investigaciones específicas en torno a la concepción de la Psicología han indicado que uno de los atributos esenciales que se le asigna es su carácter científico. Acceder a las concepciones de ciencia y método científico que tienen un colectivo social posibilita aproximarnos a representaciones cognitivas con el objeto de comprender los supuestos que subyacen y determinan un hacer particular. Esta investigación la realizamos con 169 estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología, a los cuales se les administró Redes Semánticas Naturales. Para precisar las fundamentaciones que sobre ciencia y método científico presentan los alumnos durante tres momentos de su formación (al principio, a la mitad y al final se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad y cuestionario. Los resultados muestran escasas variaciones del concepto ciencia, presentando una fuerte impronta del modelo tradicional. Respecto al método científico, se destaca la incorporación de terminología específica y alusiones a procedimientos metodológicos, según corrientes teóricas de la Psicología. La investigación aporta elementos conceptuales para favorecer la reflexión docente en torno a la enseñanza de las competencias en el área de la investigación en Psicología. ABSTRACT: Specific research on the concept of psychology has indicated that one of its essential attributesis its scientific nature. Access to the concepts of science and the scientific method with a socialcollective approach facilitates understanding the cognitive representations of the assumptions thatunderlie and determine aspecific manner of performing an act.. We conducted this research with169 Psychology students and each received the Natural Semantic Networks. In-depth interviewsand questionnaire were used to clarify the science and scientific method foundations presented by students during three stages of their formation (beginning, middle and end. Respecto al métodocientífico, se

  2. En torno al arte europeo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Aspectos de las relaciones forma–contenido o forma–función en la obra de Lawrence Alma–Tadema, Gottfried Semper y Richard Wagner

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Moreno Dopazo

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo se plantea como una reflexión sobre la dificultad actual para apreciar los valores, a menudo denostados, de los ya supuestamente lejanos arte y cultura del siglo XIX. De aquel rico mundo de referentes y asociaciones se destacan aquí las figuras del pintor realista Alma-Tadema, los arquitectos del Ring de Viena, con Semper como singular protagonista, y el músico Richard Wagner. Junto al análisis del complejo universo pictórico del artista holandés afincado en Inglaterra se presenta una reducida selección de obras arquitectónicas que culminan con los nuevos espacios para el arte más decisivamente alemán del XIX, la música.

  3. Intoxicaciones agudas por baclofeno consultadas al Centro Nacional de Toxicología en cinco años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Pérez Rodríguez

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: el baclofeno se indica como relajante muscular para el alivio de espasticidad grave y ejerce sus efectos como agonista selectivo del receptor GABA-B. Objetivo: caracterizar las intoxicaciones por baclofeno según reportes al Servicio de Información de Urgencia del Cenatox entre 2011 y 2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo con un universo de 16 notificaciones, en las que se estudiaron: el centro de salud que asistió al paciente, provincia de procedencia por año de estudio, grupo de edad, sexo, circunstancias del evento, manifestaciones clínicas y severidad de la intoxicación. Resultados: el año 2014 aportó la mayor cantidad de reportes y los niños las mayores frecuencias absolutas, no hubo diferencias en relación al sexo, aunque entre los hombres predominó la causa accidental y entre las féminas las intencionales suicidas. Todas las notificaciones procedieron de atención secundaria, aunque cinco de los pacientes habían sido previamente asistidos en áreas de salud. Todos los afectados presentaron manifestaciones neurológicas, la mayoría fueron reportados de grave y la mitad de los casos presentaron alteraciones cardiorrespiratorias con inestabilidad hemodinámica que llevó a la asistencia ventilatoria. La recuperación fue completa en todos los pacientes y no se reportaron fallecidos por esta causa durante el período de estudio. Conclusiones: la sobredosis de baclofeno es más común en niños y cursa con manifestaciones de neurotoxicidad e inestabilidad hemodinámica.

  4. Diseño e instalación de una red industrial para el control de 2 líneas de transportadores de periódicos y control de consumo de tinta negra en planta sur de diario El Universo

    OpenAIRE

    Zhagui Quirola, Andrés Gabriel

    2009-01-01

    La red MPI instalada en el diario El Universo, mejora los procesos necesarios para la impresión del diario; elimina las islas que antes funcionaban. Los anteriores procesos utilizaban controladores lógicos de diferentes marcas, dificultando su comunicación. La implementación exigió modernizar ciertos procesos que intervienen en la producción e integrarlos dentro de la red MPI; logrando: facilitar su operación a los prensistas, disminuir el tiempo de paro e identificar fallas. Para realizar la...

  5. Estado de salud de un grupo de niños al año de edad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Barrios Rodríguez

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo del estado de salud de un grupo de niños con corte transversal al año de edad, el cual forma parte de una investigación provincial. El universo y la muestra coincidieron (320 niños nacidos entre el 1 de enero de 1992 y el 30 de junio de 1992; predominó el crecimiento físico dentro de parámetros normales y dentro de los malnutridos los que estaban por defecto, la duración de la lactancia entre 3 y 6 meses, así como el comienzo de la ablactación después de los 4 meses, las enfermedades respiratorias y diarreicas agudas como causas de morbilidad y la invalidez neurológica, así como las cardiopatías congénitas como causas de mortalidad infantil. Se recomienda incrementar las labores de prevención y promoción de salud para lograr una mayor duración de la lactancia materna, disminuir las causas de invalidez, sobre todo neurológicas, y la mortalidad infantil.

  6. A articulação entre os universos local e global na formação do leitor DOI:10.5007/1984-8420.2010v11n2p13

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sabatha Catoia Dias

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo resulta de pesquisa qualitativa interpretativista (MASON, 1998, empreendida na busca de responder à questão-problema: Como se caracteriza a ação docente em se tratando da articulação entre os universos “local” e “global” no tratamento da leitura na escola? Os participantes de pesquisa são oito professores de ensino fundamental de escolas públicas de municípios de Santa Catarina, convidados a relatar sua ação didático-pedagógica em se tratando da formação do leitor, com enfoque nas estratégias de articulação dos universos local e global (STREET, 2003; 2007. Concebendo que o trabalho com leitura precisa considerar conceitos-chave como gêneros discursivos (BAKHTIN, 2003 [1979] e eventos e práticas de letramento (STREET, 1988; BARTON, 1994, dada a compreensão que o ato de ler instaura-se em contextos interacionais, este estudo defende a articulação entre o local e o global no ensino da leitura, argumentando em favor da consideração das práticas de letramento para, com base nelas, mediar a ressignificação dessas práticas à luz das especificidades da macrocultura grafocêntrica das sociedades contemporâneas. A base teórica são estudos de Street (2003a; 2003b; 2007 sobre o diálogo entre o local e global nos eventos de letramento, e estudos de Bakhtin (2003 [1979] sobre gêneros discursivos. A análise sinaliza uma ação docente consolidada em abordagens de leitura descomprometidas com conceitos de gêneros discursivos e letramento e destituídas do zelo na articulação entre as dimensões local e global do letramento. Prevalecem encaminhamentos de leituras avulsas, a despeito de mais de duas décadas de discussões sobre a dimensão interacional dos usos da escrita.

  7. Tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica en niños con Rinitis Alérgica y/o Asma Bronquial. Área Norte. 2005 - 2007.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Iraida Morera Franco

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal durante el período Enero 2005_ Enero 2007 en el Policlínico Norte del municipio Sancti Spíritus. El universo estuvo constituido por el total de niños con edades de 2_15 años con enfermedades alérgicas, a los que se realizó pruebas de alergia e indicó tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica por vía subcutánea, la muestra estuvo formada por 75 pacientes con asma bronquial, rinitis alérgica y/o ambas enfermedades, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento del tratamiento con inmunoterapia específica se aplicó el método porcentual para el análisis de resultados, donde el grupo etáreo que predominó fue de 2 _5 años, más del 65 % de los pacientes tratados refirieron mejoría de los síntomas las causas más frecuentes de abandono de tratamiento fue la aparición de infecciones intercurrentes, no ocurrió reacción anafiláctica en ninguno de los casos estudiados, el tratamiento con inmunoterapia puede reducir el uso de otros tratamientos asociados como Intal, antihistamínicos, broncodilatadores y esteroides.

  8. Tratamiento de la alveolitis dental con tintura de propóleos al 5 %

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ada Vivian Bravo Venero

    Full Text Available Objetivo: comparar la efectividad entre el tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 5 % y el tratamiento farmacológico convencional en pacientes diagnosticados con alveolitis dental. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal de casos y controles en la Clínica Estomatológica "José Martí" del municipio Consolación del Sur, durante el 2009. El universo estuvo constituido por 90 pacientes, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos de tratamiento diferentes de manera aleatoria, teniendo en cuenta un grupo de casos (grupo I conformado por 30 pacientes a los que se les aplicó tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 5 %, y otro grupo de controles (grupo II con 60 pacientes tratados con la terapéutica medicamentosa convencional. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: en ambos grupos de tratamiento prevaleció el sexo femenino y hubo un predominio de la alveolitis en el grupo de edad entre los 46 y 60 años. El grupo I logró la remisión de los síntomas entre el segundo (36,6 % y el tercer días de tratamiento (60 % y solo un paciente requirió tratamiento por 5 días; mientras el grupo II requirió de un mayor período para la evolución del cuadro, entre 5 y 7 días de tratamiento para un 61,3 % (27 pacientes y 23,3 % (14 pacientes. Conclusiones: el tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 5 % resultó altamente efectivo, pues aportó una remisión más notoria de los síntomas, ya que se observó una disminución de estos, así como la disminución del número de sesiones necesarias, lo que permite recomendarlo como una opción terapéutica adecuada.

  9. Educación femenina en Colombia, 1780-1880

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Londoño Vega

    1994-09-01

    Full Text Available En los diarios y autobiografías de quienes vivieron durante el siglo pasado y principios del presente, con frecuencia se encuentran alusiones a la instrucción recibida de la madre. Otro antioqueño, Jaime Mejía Mejía relata cómo en una finca cerca de Pereira, también en el decenio de 1860:

  10. La vuelta al mundo de la linterna mágica en ochenta vistas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López San Segundo, Carmen

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Aunque la linterna mágica desarrolló una próspera industria de equipos y satisfizo una variada demanda de prácticas de consumo, a partir del desarrollo de sistemas expresivos llenos de sentido, su estudio ha estado fuera de la planificación académica de la historia de los medios de comunicación. La dispersión de los fondos patrimoniales de la linterna mágica y su indefinición conceptual como objeto de estudio –tanto por la amplitud cronológica de su historia, que discurre entre los siglos XVII y XIX, como por la controvertida interpretación que la adscribe al término 'precine'- son razones que explican como la linterna mágica es todavía un medio de comunicación social en la sombra y que están en el origen del presente acercamiento que tiene como objeto un viaje elíptico y sistemático –articulado en torno a cuatro actos, doce escenas y ochenta vistas- por el universo de las proyecciones audiovisuales anteriores al cine. Abstract in English: Although the magic lantern developed a prosperous equipment industry and satisfied a varied consumer demand based on the development of very sensible expressive systems, its study has been left out of the academic curriculum in the history of mass media. The fact that the sources and documentation concerning magic lanterns are widely scattered has been an obstacle for their systematic study. Both their long history –over three centuries- and the controversy in historical interpretation caused by locating them under the term ‘precinema' have meant that they lack a conceptual definition. This in turn has been a hindrance for considering magic lanterns as an important research subject.

  11. Teorie del tutto la ricerca della spiegazione ultima

    CERN Document Server

    Barrow, John D

    1992-01-01

    «Come, quando e perché l’universo ha avuto origine? Questi interrogativi di carattere fondamentale sono stati fuori moda per secoli: gli scienziati ne diffidavano, teologi e filosofi se ne erano stancati. Poi, d’improvviso, gli scienziati hanno cominciato a porseli con la massima serietà, e i teologi si sono trovati, scavalcati, a dover tenere dietro alle teorizzazioni matematiche della nuova generazione di scienziati... Oggi i fisici credono di essersi imbattuti in una chiave capace di guidarci al segreto matematico che sta al cuore dell’universo: una scoperta che punta verso una “teoria del tutto”, una sorta di quadro onnicomprensivo di tutte le leggi di natura dal quale deve derivare, in modo logicamente ineccepibile, l’inevitabilità di tutto ciò che ci circonda. Una volta in possesso di questa stele di Rosetta cosmica, potremmo leggere il libro della natura in tutta la sua estensione temporale, e intendere ogni cosa che sia stata, che è e che sarà. Di questa possibilità si è sempre fa...

  12. Cold Mountain: filme y novela. La tradición clásica en una historia de la Guerra de Secesión / Cold Mountain: movie and novel. The classic tradition in a history of the Civil War

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Carmona Centeno

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: La novela de Charles Frazier, Cold Mountain, y su adaptación al cine por Anthony Minghella llevan al público a hacer una interpretación mitológica de ambas obras, pero mientras que el director, para ello, explota el recurso del arquetipo odiseico, el novelista, por su parte, introduce, además de dicho recurso, multitud de pasajes, citas y alusiones a la Odisea, a la mitología clásica y al mundo grecolatino en general. Por esta razón, Cold Mountain es un valioso modelo para los profesores de Latín, Griego y Cultura Clásica que pretendan mostrar, de forma clara y amena, la pervivencia e importancia del mundo clásico en la actualidad.Abstract: Charles Frazier’s novel, Cold Mountain, and Anthony Minghella’s screen version lead the public to interpret both of them in a mythological way. However, while the director exploits the odysseic archetype as resource, the novelist, on the other hand, introduces, apart from that, a lot of passages, quotations and allusions to Odyssey, classical mithology and Greco-Roman world in general. For this reason, Cold Mountain is a valuable model to Latin, Greek and Classical Culture teachers who want to show, in a clear and pleasant way, the survival and the importance of the classical world nowadays.

  13. Un pensador Aristocrático en los Andes: Una mirada al pensamiento de Nicolás Gómez Dávila.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauricio Galindo Hurtado.

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Sobresaliente en el panorama intelectual colombiano es la figura de Nicolás Gómez Dávila. Este escritor sabanero es tal vez la única voz que, en forma explicita y magistral, se propuso desmenuzar el pensamiento occidental asumiendo la postura del reaccionario. Gómez Dávila deja, al morir, un libro en cinco etapas, colección de aforismos qúe insiste en llamar escolios, en los cuales discurre sobre la filosofía, la moral, la estética, la historia y la literatura de más de dos mil años de civilización grecolatina. La obra de Gómez Dávila posee la convicción dogmática del reaccionario que condena con juicios enfáticos las glorias del hombre "moderno". Hay allí ecos de una visión hispánica de Contra Reforma que influyó no poco en buena parte de las elites colombianas. Mas es también un llamado a la sensibilidad y a la belleza, un recordatorio que más allá de un conocimiento racional y científico, está la dimensión de la persona humana que ningún sistema puede abarcar. Férreo defensor de un libre albedrío enmarcado en un exigente universo moral, su voz incita al despliegue máximo de la inteligencia, inigualable herramienta para alzar vuelo sobre realidades pedestres.

  14. Comportamiento del índice de bajo peso al nacer en el Policlínico Docente Cerro durante los años 2009-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramona Moraima Torres Zulueta

    Full Text Available Introducción: el bajo peso al nacerconstituye el índice predictivo más importante de la mortalidad infantil y se plantea que es 20 veces mayor que en el recién nacido con peso adecuado. Objetivo: comparar el comportamiento del índice de bajo peso al nacer en recién nacidos de un Policlínico durante los años 2009 y 2010. Método: se realizó un estudio comparativo de tipo descriptivo en el Policlínico Universitario Cerro, en la provincia La Habana, durante los años 2009 y 2010. El Universo estuvo constituido por los 350 recién nacidos vivos en el 2009 y los 318 en el 2010, y la muestra estuvo conformada por 23 niños con bajo peso al nacer en el 2009 y por 21 en el 2010. Se revisaron las historias obstétricas de las madres y se identificaron algunas variables socio-demográficas. Resultados: en ambos años estudiados la edad materna de mayor bajo peso al nacer fue de 20 a 34 años, con 73,9 y 80,9 %. Los factores de riesgo que se asociaron al bajo peso fueron: el hábito de fumar, que predominó en ambos años de estudio, representado por un 60,8 % en 2009 y por un 61,9 % en el 2010; el trastorno hipertensivo, con un 35 % en el año 2010 y un 27,7 % en el año 2009, y en ambos años fue superior en el grupo de gestantes con hipertensión arterial crónica. La anemia aumentó considerablemente en el 2010 en un 80,9 %, comparado con un 69,5 % en el año 2009. Conclusiones: el bajo peso al nacer resultó más frecuente en las gestantes de 20 a 34 años. Los factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer con mayor frecuencia fueron: la anemia, el hábito de fumar y los trastornos hipertensivos.

  15. Trent'anni che sconvolsero la fisica la storia della teoria dei quanti

    CERN Document Server

    Gamow, George

    1993-01-01

    Gli anni dal 1900 al 1930 hanno portato un profondo mutamento nella visione che l'uomo aveva dell'universo: tra la prima idea di Max Planck dei quanti di luce nel 1900, e la previsione dell'esistenza delle antiparticelle formulata da P. A. M. Dirac nel 1929, corre un periodo di emozionanti progressi nel campo della fisica teorica.

  16. Caos, Gea y Eros. Desde el desorden a la armonía de la Paz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco A. Muñoz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La cosmogonía griega antigua, al igual que muchas otras, sitúa a Caos como el origen primigenio del Universo. Desde el inicio de los tiempos es acompañada (es femenino por Gea (la Tierra y Eros (el Amor. Con esta explicación se consigue incardinar el Universo, la Tierra, la naturaleza, la vida y los seres humanos con los dioses y las fuerzas sobrenaturales. Eros representaba el deseo que trae la vida, preocupado por conseguir las mejores condiciones para satisfacer las necesidades y procurar el desarrollo de las potencialidades humanas. Desde el comienzo de la historia, para que existiera armonía y paz era necesario gestionar el caos, la complejidad y la conflictividad, y buscar los equilibrios más justos y duraderos posibles.

  17. O universo da feitiçaria, magia e variantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hanciau, Nubia Jacques

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available O texto a seguir apresenta a crítica de vocábulos e conceitos da história da feitiçaria, que reconhece não apenas “uma magia”, “uma bruxaria”, “uma feitiçaria”. Para a compreensão dos atos mágicos, algumas distinções básicas são necessárias, pois se sabe que existirão tantas práticas quantos forem os sistemas culturais e de acordo com as diversas singularidades do mental coletivo. Além disso, novos caminhos apresentam-se ao historiador contemporâneo, que privilegia os estudos dos simbolismos, das representações mentais, da magia, do mito e parentesco, o que o leva a ver com precaução os sistemas gerais de classificação ou as sínteses antropológicas, antes de qualquer retomada conceitual

  18. L'universo senza stringhe fortuna di una teoria e turbamenti della scienza

    CERN Document Server

    Smolin, Lee

    2006-01-01

    Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, si è imposta all'attenzione dei ricercatori una possibile via d'uscita, conosciuta come «teoria delle stringhe», che a molti è parsa la migliore candidata al successo. Di recente, anzi, la teoria delle stringhe ha raggiunto anche il palco mediatico, imponendosi presso i non addetti ai lavori - anche grazie a eccellenti libri di divulgazione - come la piú promettente «teoria del tutto» prossima ventura. Ma una minoranza dei teorici, tra i quali vi è Lee Smolin, non è d'accordo. La teoria delle stringhe, secondo Smolin, non è neppure una teoria, almeno non nel senso classico del termine, ma soprattutto non ha alcun aggancio possibile, e neppure pensabile, con la realtà empirica; nessuno sbocco sperimentale che possa convalidarla o smentirla. La domanda spontanea che si pone allora è: «Ma è scienza?» Cosa sta accadendo dunque al mondo della fisica? Com'è possibile che intere scuole di pensiero, nei laboratori e nelle università del mondo intero, si siano legate cosí...

  19. Azitromicina y efectos cardiovasculares notificados al Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia, 2003-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ismary Alfonso Orta

    Full Text Available Introducción: la azitromicina, es un antibacteriano macrólido semisintético, al cual se han asociado efectos cardiovasculares, como la prolongación del intervalo QT y trastornos del ritmo que pueden ser fatales. La FDA alertó sobre un pequeño aumento de la mortalidad y riesgo de muerte en personas tratadas durante 5 días con este antibacteriano, y en el Centro Internacional de Monitoreo de Uppsala también se han registrado casos. Objetivo: caracterizar las reacciones adversas cardiovasculares a la azitromicina informadas a la Unidad Nacional Coordinadora de Farmacovigilancia durante el periodo 2003-2012. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal utilizando la base de datos nacional de farmacovigilancia y las notificaciones espontáneas de reacciones adversas. Se trabajó con el universo de pacientes con reacciones adversas a la azitromicina. Las reacciones cardiovasculares se clasificaron según tipo de reacción, severidad, imputabilidad y frecuencia. Se estudiaron los pacientes que presentaron reacciones adversas según sexo y edad. Resultados: se recibieron 1 960 notificaciones de reacciones adversas a la azitromicina en el periodo de estudio, de las cuales 96 se correspondieron con reacciones adversas cardiovasculares para el 4,9 %. Predominaron en el sexo femenino (55,2 % y en los adultos (75 %. Las palpitaciones representaron el 44,8 % (43 pacientes, seguidas de la taquicardia y el dolor torácico. El 67,7 % resultaron moderadas, el 71,9 % probables y el 60,4 % ocasionales. El 31,3 % de las reacciones se pudo haber evitado y el motivo que predominó fue la indicación inadecuada en el 70 %. Conclusiones: aunque no se informan reacciones adversas cardiovasculares con desenlace fatal en personas tratadas con azitromicina, la tercera parte de ellas se podrían haber evitado; por lo se recomienda realizar una vigilancia más proactiva a este medicamento, así como informar todas las reacciones al Sistema Cubano de

  20. Manifestaciones de la subjetividad en ‘Angustia’ (José Antonio Nieves Conde, 1947)

    OpenAIRE

    Higueras Flores, Rubén

    2017-01-01

    En el presente texto pretendemos exponer cómo en el universo cinematográfico del thriller dirigido por José Antonio Nieves Conde se logra hacer copartícipe al espectador de la inquietud y la desazón experimentada por una subjetividad alienada, sirviéndose para ello de precisas estrategias formales que exteriorizan el malestar de unos personajes cercados por una realidad política, social y/o económica que oprime y coacciona al sujeto. La plasmación en el plano formal de la psicología del prota...

  1. HOTEL MANDARIN ORIENTAL DE BARCELONA. OBRA DE INTERIORISMO Y DISEÑO DE MOBILIARIO DE PATRICIA URQUIOLA

    OpenAIRE

    Alicia Menendez Martinez

    2013-01-01

    La arquitectay diseñadora asturiana, afincada en Milán, Patricia Urquiola despliega en la obrade interiorismo integral realizada en el Hotel Mandarin Oriental de Barcelonaun universo de piezas y ambientes que permite un acercamiento al diseño másinternacional del siglo XXI. A través de este artículo, se pretende analizar lagran escenografía de lujo contenido que ha conseguido la autora y lasconsideraciones sobre diseño contemporáneo que salen al paso de este análisis.Conceptos como buen gusto...

  2. A romanização da Península Ibérica : uma utilização didáctica de fontes históricas no estudo da integração de uma região periférica no universo imperial

    OpenAIRE

    Fernandes, Filipe Miguel Garcia, 1985-

    2013-01-01

    Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Ensino de História e Geografia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2013 A unidade didáctica, “A Romanização da Península Ibérica, um exemplo de integração de uma região periférica no universo imperial”, foi leccionada a uma turma do 10º ano, na Escola Secundária Camilo Castelo Branco, sendo o seu objectivo principal a utilização das diversas fontes históricas e textos historiográficos na construção do conhecimento dos alunos. Integrada no ...

  3. Vínculos sobre um modelo de quartessência de Chaplygin usando observações do satélite chandra da fração de massa de gás em aglomerados de galáxias

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Souza, R. S.

    2003-08-01

    Observações de Supernovas do tipo Ia mostram que a expansão do Universo está acelerando. Segundo as equações de Einstein uma componente com pressão negativa (energia escura) é necessária para explicar a aceleração cósmica. Além da energia escura é usualmente admitido que no Universo há também uma matéria exótica com pressão zero, que é chamada de matéria escura. Essa componente possui um papel fundamental na formação de estruturas no Universo. Recentemente tem se explorado a possibilidade de que matéria e energia escura poderiam ser unificadas através de uma única componente, que tem sido denominada de quartessência. Um exemplo de fluido com essas características é o Gás de Chaplygin Generalizado, que possui uma equação de estado da forma p = -A/ra. Inicialmente consideramos o caso especial a = 1 (gás de Chaplygin) e vinculamos parâmetros do modelo utilizando observações em raios-X do satélite Chandra da fração de massa de gás em aglomerados de galáxias. Uma comparação dos vínculos obtidos com esse teste com outros testes, tais como supernovas e idade do Universo, mostra que esse teste é bastante restritivo. Exibiremos ainda resultados para o caso em que a curvatura é nula e o parâmetro a está compreendido no intervalo -1 < a 1.

  4. Diosas y madres, el arquetipo femenino en Diego Rivera

    OpenAIRE

    Dina Comisarenco Mirkin

    2010-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se estudia la representación del arquetipo femenino en la obra mural de Diego Rivera que el artista entretejió en sus amplios y complejos programas iconográficos con una extraordinaria imaginación poética. Se postula aquí que por una parte,  dicha representación arquetípica partió de su erudita utilización de símbolos alegóricos  y de alusiones a divinidades femeninas de distin...

  5. Dal Big Bang ai buchi neri

    CERN Document Server

    Hawking, Stephen W

    1988-01-01

    "Che cosa sappiamo sull'universo, e come lo sappiamo? Da dove è venuto, e dove sta andando? L'universo ebbe un inizio e, in tal caso cosa c'era prima? Il tempo avrà mai una fine?" Con questi quesiti Stephen Hawking introduce il lettore in una straordinaria avventura: un'emozionante cavalcata nel tempo. L'espansione dell'universo, il principio di indeterminazione, le particelle elementari e le forze della natura, l'origine e la sorte dell'universo, l'unificazione della fisica sono le grandi tappe di questo viaggio indimenticabile. Ma oltre a riassumere le conoscenze tradizionali Hawking illustra le ultime teorie sulla fisica dei buchi neri, il principio antropico, la teoria dell'universo inflazionario, l'universo contenuto in una bolla. Il titolo viene ripubblicato in una nuova veste editoriale, con la copertina che per l'occasione è stata realizzata da Hennie Haworth.

  6. El ilusionista de las palabras: Paul Auster y su universo creativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvarez López, Esther

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Paul Auster is one of the greatest writers of our time. Since 1994, to his work as novelist, poet and essayist he has added scriptwriting and film directing. Both literature and cinema appear closely linked in his creative production, so that one feeds the other and vice versa, by means of themes, common characters as well as self-referential and metafictional allusions. In novels, short stories and films, Auster reveals himself, in essence, as a great storyteller. They are stories that overlap at different narrative levels following the technique of the Chinese boxes. His work is also part of a large net of internal and external references in dialogue with each other, posing and pondering on questions that have to do with identity, writing or the intersections between fiction and reality, which appear recurrently both in its literary as in its filmic form.

    Paul Auster es uno de los grandes escritores de nuestro tiempo. Desde 1994, a su labor de novelista, poeta, traductor y ensayista ha añadido la de guionista y director de cine. Ambos medios, literatura y cine, aparecen estrechamente ligados en su producción creativa, de manera que uno nutre al otro y viceversa, a través de temas y personajes comunes, de guiños autorreferenciales y metaficcionales. En novelas, relatos y películas Auster se revela, en esencia, como un gran contador de historias. Se trata de historias múltiples que se superponen a distintos niveles narrativos siguiendo la técnica de cajas chinas. Su obra forma parte de una amplia red de referencias internas y externas que dialogan entre sí, al tiempo que plantean cuestiones en torno a la identidad, la escritura o las intersecciones entre ficción y realidad, que aparecen de manera recurrente tanto en forma literaria como fílmica.

  7. Afrontamiento al cáncer de mama en pacientes diagnosticadas.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Moreno Martín

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El cáncer de mama representa la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en el sexo femenino y aceptar la idea de un cáncer es un asunto difícil de asimilar, por lo que el afrontamiento a esta enfermedad constituye un factor determinante en el transcurso de la misma. Objetivo: Describir el afrontamiento a la enfermedad de pacientes con cáncer de mama en el Servicio de Oncología del Hospital 10 de Octubre de la Habana.  Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de tipo transversal entre julio y noviembre del 2014. Se empleó el estudio de casos en profundidad. El universo estuvo constituido por 38 pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama que asistieron a la consulta de oncología. Bajo un diseño muestral no probabilístico de sujetos tipos, se seleccionaron 14 mujeres diagnosticadas de carcinoma de mama. Resultados: Las pacientes utilizaron estilos de afrontamientos centrados en la emoción y en el problema mostrando un ligero predominio en este último. Los recursos personales para el afrontamiento se caracterizaron por creencias positivas de control, creencias de optimismo y de religiosidad, acompañada también de creencias negativas de control externo y de identidad, así como la percepción salud y energía. Conclusiones: Hubo un ligero predominio al uso de estilos de afrontamiento centrados en el problema con estrategias de búsqueda de apoyo social y planificación. Las pacientes con estilos de afrontamiento centrados en las emociones utilizaron estrategias de distanciamiento y autocontrol.

  8. Al-Qurû’ fi Al-Qur’an ‘Inda Al-Anbary fi Al-Adhdâd

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raushani Azza

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available This study examines about the term al-Qurû in the Qur’an. Al-Qurû is one of the most popular discussions among muslim scholars and mufasir, both in terms of language and fiqh. However, there is a bate among muslim scholar and mufasir about the meaning of al-Qurû. It’s because al-Qurû is one of the sentence of al-Adhdâd wich has two meaning, especially in the Qur’an, namely haid (menstruation and thahr. One of the most popular muslim scholar who concern in Qur’an and Arabic is al-Anbari with his book al-Adhdâd. Al-Anbari explains that Qurû has two meanings, First, al-Qurû in etymology is the form of Jama’ from aqra and qurû. Second, al-Qurû has a meaning of menstruation, thahr, or the period of iddah as a sign of being allowed to remarry after certain period of time.

  9. El periodismo del tercer milenio. problemas de la divulgación científica en iberoamérica

    OpenAIRE

    Calvo Hernando, Manuel

    2002-01-01

    En nuestro tiempo han surgido unos profesionales de la información cuya misión es explicar al público el universo y hacer partícipe a la mayoría de los descubrimientos e investigación de esa minoría integrada por los hombres de ciencia. El periodismo científico constituye un instrumento para la democracia, porque facilita a gran número de personas poder seguir los avances del conocimiento. Por el momento, esta idea no ha llegado plenamente al público y ni siquiera a los políticos ni a los res...

  10. Al-Âyah al-Mutasyâbihât al-Lafzhiyyah fi Sûrah al-An’âm ‘Inda al-Kirmâny

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hikmatiar Pasya

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper discusses about the verses of mutasyâbihât in the Quran. The debate of this verses caused various opinions. The meaning of the mutasyâbihât in this paper is the similarity and difference of the words in the Qur'an. Mufasir have different opinion about the meaning of the verse of mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi. In addition, many Hufadz of the Quran who are confused from one verse to another, or one chapter to another. It’s because similarity of verses in the Qur'an with other verses. So the writer wants to explain the verses mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi in the perspective of Hamzh al-Karmani in Surah al-An'âm. In this discussion the author discovers some passages in mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi, namely Asrâru al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-lafdzi, Asrar al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-hurf, and murâ'ah al-ikhtilâfmurâd bi al-lafdzi al-mukarrar.

  11. ¿Ludistas o convencidos? Una aproximación a la realidad televisiva infantil

    OpenAIRE

    Francés Barceló, María Teresa

    2005-01-01

    Las aproximaciones teóricas a la realidad televisiva infantil siguen mostrando un horizonte desolador, sembrado de alusiones constantes a la violencia, la vacuidad de los mensajes, la pobreza de su lenguaje o la carga ideológica que arrastran consigo los contenidos y, la influencia de todo ello, claro está, en las mentes inmaduras de los más pequeños. Si bien es cierto que el panorama de la programación infantil encuentra en estas apreciaciones parte de su verdad, muchas encierran...

  12. Maremoto nell'universo

    CERN Multimedia

    Valsecchi, Maria-Cristina

    2002-01-01

    It seemed only a different signal. But the anomaly, registered both by the Nuclear Physics Institute in Rome and the CERN in Geneva may hide something else: the first disclosure of gravitational waves (4 pages)

  13. El universo de las combinaciones de negocios. Consorcios de cooperación

    OpenAIRE

    Monfardini de Franchini, Beatriz; Tramallino de Guinea, Marta S.; Cruz de Innocente, Rosa T.; Carbajal, Margarita C.; de Castro, Idalia G.

    2008-01-01

    La cooperación entre empresas surge como una estrategia competitiva que éstas han desarrollado para adaptarse a una economía globalizada, en términos contables: COMBINACIONES DE NEGOCIOS. En el ámbito jurídico la cooperación empresaria carece de una regulación precisa y ordenada. No existe una teoría general de los contratos asociativos; las posibles variantes en ellos quedan libradas, salvo contadas excepciones, al principio de la "autonomía de la voluntad" de las partes, axioma rector del d...

  14. Il mondo dentro il mondo

    CERN Document Server

    Barrow, John D

    1991-01-01

    Davvero esistono “lì fuori” leggi di natura, che stanno in attesa di essere scoperte, indipendenti dal nostro modo di pensare, o esse rappresentano soltanto la descrizione più conveniente di ciò che abbiamo visto? Come è nata l’idea stessa di “leggi di natura”? Queste costituiscono la realtà profonda o sono soltanto pezzi di un regolamento che ci siamo dati per organizzare meglio la nostra conoscenza del mondo? o semplici paletti che piantiamo e ci lasciamo alle spalle come segnali via via che procediamo nella giungla dell’esperienza? È possibile che non esistano affatto leggi di natura? Forse esse, e anche l’universo che da esse sembra regolato, sono del tutto creazioni della nostra mente: un’illusione che scompare appena cessiamo di pensarvi. Ma allora, che cosa accadrebbe, se non ci fossero osservatori dell’universo?». Interrogativi di questo genere, che incontriamo sulla soglia del Mondo dentro il mondo, sarebbero suonati eccentrici fino a qualche anno fa. Oggi, al contrario, circ...

  15. Aproximación al tratamiento de los personajes femeninos en la narrativa cubana del período republicano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Ronald Antonio Ramírez-Castellanos

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo realiza un estudio preliminar del tratamiento de los personajes femeninos en la novelística cubana del período republicano durante la etapa 1900-1940, teniendo en cuenta las principales obras y autores que integran el universo literario nacional. Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio perfila las bases para ulteriores investigaciones desde un enfoque de género, y a su vez, contribuye a subsanar las carencias epistemológicas relacionadas con esta temática.

  16. Diffusion-induced quadrupole relaxation of 27Al nuclei in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at high temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bottyan, L.; Beke, D.L.; Tompa, K.

    1983-01-01

    The temperature dependence of the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation time of 27 Al nuclei is measured in 5N Al and in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at 5.7 and 9.7 MHz resonance frequencies. The relaxation in pure aluminium is found to be purely due to the conduction electrons. An excess T 1 -relaxation contribution is detected in all Al-3d alloys investigated above 670 K. The excess relaxation rate is proportional to the impurity content and the temperature dependence of the excess contribution is of Arrhenius-type with an activation energy of (1.3 +- 0.3) eV for all of the investigated alloys. The relaxation contribution is found to be quadrupolar in origin and is caused by the relative diffusional jumps of solute atoms and Al atoms relatively far from the impurity. (author)

  17. Interfacial phenomena in the reactions of Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B alloys with KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3 melts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, M.S.; Terry, B.S.; Grieveson, P.

    1993-01-01

    The interfacial phenomena occurring during the contacting of liquid Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B melts with KF-AlF 3 liquid fluxes have been investigated by optical examination of quenched metal drops previously immersed in the liquid fluxes. Reactions in the Al-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of metastable AlB 12 at the metal/flux interface. At high KBF 4 levels in the flux, the AlB 12 is dispersed in the flux and also at low KBF 4 levels in the metal. Reactions in the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of TiB 2 , which may be dispersed in either the metal or the flux depending upon the composition of the flux. The results obtained for the Al-Ti-B/NaF-AlF 3 and Al-Zr-B/KF-AlF 3 systems were similar to those observed for the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system

  18. The Science Teachers and Their way of Thinking about Astronomy. (Spanish Title: Los Profesores de Ciencias y Sus Formas de Pensar la Astronomía.) Os Professores de Ciências e Suas Formas de Pensar a Astronomia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leite, Cristina; Hosoume, Yassuko

    2007-12-01

    The research presented in this article is about the way science teachers from Elementary School think about astronomical elements. Its methodology is based on semi-structured interviews, which were video recorded. The research is centered in a three-dimensional perspective of astronomical Earth, the Sun, the Moon, the planets and the stars, and also the conceptions about sky and Universe. The esults indicate a Universe that contains: Sun, stars, planets and Moon; where the Solar System is a little part of the whole. Sometimes they think that the Solar System is the Universe. The objects are in the sky or in the Universe, which, for many of them, is only the space above the Earth. The flat shape of astronomical objects and the spatial structure of the Universe are striking features. Many of them think that Sun and stars are different: the Sun is a hot object and the stars are cold ones. These results worry us and they certainly indicate how urgent it is to plan Professional Development in Astronomy for teachers, after all the PCN's emphasize that this subject is important to be taught. El objeto de investigación de este artículo es la manera de pensar sobre los elementos de la Astronomía de los profesores de Ciencias en la enseñanza fundamental. La metodología consiste en entrevistas semi-estructuradas, filmadas en video y centradas en la tridimensionalidad de los elementos astronómicos, para posibilitar un mapeamiento de las concepciones sobre las formas y dimensiones de la Tierra, del Sol, de la Luna, de los planetas y de las estrellas, como también de la concepción de cielo y de Universo en su totalidad. Los resultados indican un Universo conteniendo: Sol, estrellas, planetas y Luna, donde el Sistema Solar se ubica como parte. Algunas veces, el Universo es concebido como el propio Sistema Solar. Los objetos están en el cielo o en el Universo, que, para muchos, se restringe al espacio que está arriba de la Tierra. La forma plana de los objetos astron

  19. Synthesizing (ZrAl3 + AlN)/Mg-Al composites by a 'matrix exchange' method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Tong; Li, Zengqiang; Hu, Kaiqi; Han, Mengxia; Liu, Xiangfa

    2018-06-01

    A method named 'matrix exchange' to synthesize ZrAl3 and AlN reinforced Mg-Al composite was developed in this paper. By inserting Al-10ZrN master alloy into Mg matrix and reheating the cooled ingot to 550 °C, Al and Mg atoms diffuse to the opposite side. As a result, liquid melt occurs once the interface areas reach to proper compositions. Then dissolved Al atoms react with ZrN, leading to the in-situ formation of ZrAl3 and AlN particles, while the Al matrix is finally replaced by Mg. This study provides a new insight for preparing Mg composites.

  20. Modernidad y tipología. Algunos interrogantes acerca de la arquitectura de Le Corbusier

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dra. Arq. Adriana Collado

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo surgió de un seminario de posgrado cursado en la FADU-UNL, donde se discutió si las composiciones de los trazados reguladores corbusieranos o la recurrencia a soluciones prototípicas en la vivienda en serie, constituían manipulaciones tipologistas, apareciendo el interrogante acerca de cómo estas operaciones se articulaban con las lógicas proyectuales propias de la modernidad. Esta idea detonó una indagación, que más tarde se profundizó a través de un seminario que la autora lleva adelante en la misma facultad desde 2004, respecto de la pertinencia de encuadrar a Le Corbusier como tipologista. El objetivo de este trabajo estuvo centrado en verificar la posibilidad y riqueza que puede presentar el concepto de tipo para analizar la obra de Le Corbusier, mostrando las alusiones explícitas o implícitas al concepto realizadas por la historiografía o la crítica e indagando en la producción teórica del propio Le Corbusier, la aproximación a este concepto.

  1. El recurso auto-epistolar como terapia: Motivos temáticos recurrentes y greguerías en Cartas a mí mismo [1956] de Ramón Gómez de la Serna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Cabañas Alamán

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Ramón Gómez de la Serna wrote Letters to Myself, published as a collection in 1956, and written at the end of the 40s and early 50s. Writing these letters helped the author benefit from narrative therapy. I will analyze how they show his obsessión with death, contradictory reports about his loneliness in America and the different allusions showing happiness and unhappiness in a type of literature writing that goes from sadness to humor, in which we find many gregueríasRamón Gómez de la Serna escribió a finales de los años 40 y principios de los 50 las Cartas a mí mismo, publicadas en conjunto en 1956. La escritura de dichas cartas le sirve al autor de terapia narrativa. Analizaré cómo se muestra su obsesión por la muerte, los testimonios contradictorios de la soledad experimentada en América y diversas alusiones que reflejan felicidad e infelicidad en una escritura literaria que oscila entre la tristeza y lo lúdico, en la cual abundan las greguerías

  2. Silencio en la contratación. Análisis del Código Civil peruano y de la Convención de Viena sobre compraventa interna- cional de mercaderías

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Cárdenas Rodríguez

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se enfoca el rol del silencio en la celebración de contratos. Más que un estudio de teoría general, se busca un acer- camiento práctico a la aplicación de la normativa del Derecho peruano y de la Convención de Viena. Para ello se incluyen alusiones a pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales sobre: contratos de seguro, fianza y compraventa internacional. Se brinda especial atención a los casos donde exista un uso para el comercio o una práctica entre las partes de contratación sin respuesta expresa. Asimismo, se explica la importancia de la buena fe en la calificación del silencio circunstanciado, pues en ocasiones se deriva de ella un deber o una carga de hablar en caso de que no se quiera que se dote al silencio de valor positivo conducente a la conclusión del contrato. Finalmente, se resalta el papel de la buena fe y la costumbre en pos de una actitud flexible frente a novedosos supuestos y perma- nentes exigencias que impone la práctica.

  3. Coupled growth of Al-Al2Cu eutectics in Al-Cu-Ag alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hecht, U; Witusiewicz, V; Drevermann, A

    2012-01-01

    Coupled eutectic growth of Al and Al 2 Cu was investigated in univariant Al-Cu-Ag alloys during solidification with planar and cellular morphology. Experiments reveal the dynamic selection of small spacings, below the minimum undercooling spacing and show that distinct morphological features pertain to nearly isotropic or anisotropic Al-Al 2 Cu interfaces.

  4. En el mar de la literatura : Un análisis de las funciones de la intertextualidad en La Isla de la Pasión de Laura Restrepo

    OpenAIRE

    Ekström, Sandra

    2012-01-01

    En este trabajo investigamos las funciones de la intertextualidad en la novela La Isla de la Pasión de Laura Restrepo. Concentrándonos en citas y alusiones que refieren a Don Quijote de Cervantes, Robinson Crusoe de Defoe y la Biblia, y tomando en cuenta el contexto en el que aparecen, analizamos las funciones que estas referencias intertextuales cumplen en el nivel del relato en la novela de Restrepo. Constatamos que la intertextualidad entre La Isla de la Pasión y Don Quijote aparece como u...

  5. AL ITTIJAHAT AL MUNHARIFAH FI AT TAFSIR LI BADLI ASHAB AL MADZAHIB AL NAHWIYYAH WA BADL MAN YAJHALUNA QAWAID AL LUGHAH AL ARABIYYAH FI NADHAR MUHAMMAD HUSAIN AL DZAHABIY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Misbakhudin Misbakhudin

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available One of the most precious achievement in qur’anic studies was the book of Al-Ittijâhât al-Munharifah fî al-Tafsîr: Dawâfi’uha wa Daf’uha written by A great Islamic scholar, Muhammad Husein al-Dzahabî. He was succeeded in discussing several issues of corruptions of the exegesis of the holy Qur’an. This article is aimed to explain and to describe his analysis toward several corrupted linguist interpretations in their originations and such corrupted linguistic interpretations of the holy Qur’an which are ignoring Arabic structures and grammers

  6. The Moral Arc of the Universe: Salvation as Emancipation (El arco del universo moral: la salvación como emancipación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James W. Ward

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Muchas interpretaciones modernas de la salvación trasfiguran y personalizan la salvación. La estancia eterna de un alma en el cielo es posible por medio de la salvación. Las ideas judías y cristianas son más profundas y complicadas e incluyen una idea de la salvación como una emancipación de "poderes y principios." La salvación llega después de una adaptación por el dirigente legítimo del universo y una liberación de la esclavitud a otros dirigentes falsos. Yo resumo el significado del Éxodo y las interpretaciones cristianas del reino de Dios en tres de los movimientos más importantes de la emancipación en la historia de los Estados Unidos, y hasta se podría decir del mundo: la Revolución Americana, la campaña abolicionista y el movimiento por los derechos civiles.Abstract: Many modern Christian understandings of salvation spiritualize and personalize salvation. Salvation is what makes it possible for an individual soul to spend eternity in heaven. Jewish and Christian notions of salvation are richer and more complicated, and include an understanding of salvation as emancipation from "powers and principalities." To be saved is to be adopted by the rightful ruler of the universe and liberated from servitude to all other false rulers. I briefly outline the significance of the Exodus and Christian understandings of the kingdom of God for three of the major emancipation movements in the history of the United States, and arguably the world, namely the American Revolution, the abolitionist movement, and the Civil Rights movement.

  7. EL CINE ESPAÑOL COMO FUENTE DOCUMENTAL PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LOS BARRIOS MARGINALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aramis López Juan

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El cine como arte nuevo y técnico se instala en una sociedad moderna que tiene una percepción del mundo basada en la imagen. El cine y la fotografía son los introductores de esta modalidad perceptiva de la modernidad. Esta experiencia sensorial sitúa al hombre en un universo más amplio. El hombre contemporáneo comprende los mecanismos representativos del cine, sus códigos, sus metáforas e iconos. El cine ha nacido al mismo tiempo que los abuelos de los espectadores actuales, ha crecido con sus padres, y es conocido y comprendido universalmente

  8. Supernovas, faros en el universo: medición de la distancia a ASASSN-15hx

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramona Núñez López

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Difícil pensar en un evento astronómico tan relevante y polifacético como la gigantesca explosión de supernova, que en breves segundos destruye su estrella, creando un gran número de elementos pesados. El inmenso brillo de las supernovas permite observarlas a enormes distancias, para así obtener información cosmológica. En este trabajo abordamos en general el tema de supernovas, enfocándonos luego al estudio de la supernova de tipo Ia ASASSN-15hx. Presentamos las observaciones realizadas en diferentes filtros y mostramos un método basado en el ancho de su curva de luz para estimar su distancia y corrimiento al rojo. Los valores obtenidos coinciden con información encontrada en la literatura y las incertidumbres obtenidas están dentro del rango de las encontradas con otros métodos.

  9. The food in al-Andalus from the archaeofaunistic registry. State of the issue | La alimentación en al-Andalus a partir del registro arqueofaunístico. Estado de la cuestión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Desiderio Vaquerizo Gil

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Al Andalus made up an area that was both plural and dynamic as well as variable timewise, drawing on very diverse cultural influences. This led to its hybrid and clearly Mediterranean idiosyncrasy that only religion and its strict requirements managed to tinge, including the field of food. Even so, and with only slight nuances that evolve, change or enrich down the centuries as al Andalus itself evolves, Andalusians enjoyed a healthy and socializing way of eating, abounding in food that they combined in a practical and wise way, even in the poorest and most frugal cases, guided to some extent by their dieticians and men of learning, militant heirs of Greco-Roman and Oriental legacies, but also intuitively and spontaneously. These customs were favoured by a new system of working the land, fundamentally based on irrigation, the introduction of new types of vegetables and rational intensification of crops which allowed them to have fresh produce all year round, without realizing they would give rise to what several authors would refer to as the green revolution. All of this is reflected not only in written sources but also by archaeology, especially the evidence of wildlife; thus the need to collate them in order to compare both worlds. | Al Andalus fue un espacio plural, dinámico y variable en el tiempo, que bebió de influencias culturales muy diversas. Todo ello le dio una idiosincrasia mestiza y claramente mediterránea que sólo consiguieron matizar la religión y sus rigurosas prescripciones, también en el campo de la alimentación. Aun así, y con sólo ligeros matices que evolucionan, cambian o se enriquecen a lo largo de los siglos conforme evoluciona también el propio al Andalus, los andalusíes practicaron un modo de comer sano y socializador, nutrido de alimentos que combinaron de forma hábil y sabia incluso en sus expresiones más pobres y frugales -dirigidos de alguna manera por sus sabios y dietistas, herederos militantes de los

  10. Re-construyendo el punto de vista del chafirete mexicano: acerca de un oficio urbano de ambivalente pasión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Aguilar Nery

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available En este texto ofrezco una (reconstrucción del punto de vista de los conductores de transporte público de pasajeros, conocidos despectivamente en México como “chafiretes”: habitantes urbanos por antonomasia en muchas ciudades latinoamericanas. Al adoptar este punto de vista busco integrar algo de la pasión que mantiene a los choferes en su oficio, y sostengo que la pasión es un elemento explicativo de este modo de vida urbano. De este modo, asumo una visión interna para tomar seriamente lo que los conductores del autotransporte urbano tienen que decir acerca de su ocupación, así mismo exploro la génesis colectiva que induce a los choferes a concederle valor y entrega al “ministerio” del autotransporte. Lo anterior implica conocer las necesidades sociales específicas que invisten su universo y su problemática, acercarse a la estructura en que se desenvuelven, su localización en los espacios sociales en el barrio y la ciudad, así como las trayectorias sociales y disposiciones de quienes participan en este universo profesional tan característico de las ciudades latinoamericanas. Esta perspectiva busca contrastar los testimonios externos más comunes sobre los choferes, los cuales han construido una imagen enteramente negativa del oficio que, sin embargo, nuestra experiencia cotidiana a menudo ratifica.

  11. "Stalker" y la búsqueda de la felicidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Corro Pemjean

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo propone un análisis estético cinematográfico del filme "Stalker" (Andrei Tarkovski considerando como elemento de juicio, tópico crítico o pie forzado, el tema de "la búsqueda de la felicidad". Desde la crítica a las heterodoxas relaciones al canon cinematográfico de la ciencia ficción que propone Tarkovski el análisis estético identifica y descompone una cierta poética de los elementos en el filme, persistencia simbólica y dramática que convierte el fabuloso espacio argumental en un lugar de metamorfosis, de mezcla y comunión, en un espacio ontológico que, según el ensayo, es definido por numerosas alusiones simbólicas al movimiento y a la simpatía universalThis article proposes using an aesthetic cinematic analysis of the film "Stalker" (Andrei Tarkovski, considering the theme, "the search for happiness", as an element of topical criticism or judgment. From the criticism of heterodox relations to the cinematic canon of science fiction that Tarkovski proposes, the aesthetic analysis identifies and decomposes a certain poetic of the elements in the film, symbolic and dramatic persistence that converts the fabulous plot space into a place of metamorphosis, of mixture and communion into an ontological space that, according to the essay, is defined by numerous symbolic allusions to movement and to universal affection

  12. Familial ALS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boylan, Kevin

    2015-01-01

    Synopsis Genes linked to ALS susceptibility are being identified at an increasing rate owing to advances in molecular genetic technology. Genetic mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis appear to exert major effects in ~10% of patients, but genetic factors at some level may be important components of disease risk in most ALS patients. Identification of gene variants associated with ALS has informed concepts of the pathogenesis of ALS, aided the identification of therapeutic targets, facilitated research to develop new ALS biomarkers, and supported the establishment of clinical diagnostic tests for ALS-linked genes. Translation of this knowledge to ALS therapy development is ongoing. PMID:26515623

  13. Malamih al-Ashwat al-'Arabiyyah wa Makharijaha

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amrah Muhammad Kasim

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This writing discusses on al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah that is known with “phonetic” term. It talks and interprets makharij al-huruf or place for producing sounds and also processing production of sounds by parts of mouth in Arabic language. The problems of sounds and its systems in Arabic language have been conducted by the scholars of al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah attractively, neatly, and detail and gotten ahead the phonetic western scholars. Part of their analysis results formulate the study about al-ashwat al-sakinah (al-Shamit is known with vocal and consonant sounds in research questions shawait – shawamit. Ibnu Jinni has formulated “harakat”(wowel in Arabic language and dimension of letter  mad and liyn on alif  letter - waw - ya’ (ا و ي, from these letters create  harakat fathah, dammah, and kasrah. Moreover, in this writing also exist the description of hija’i letters and its makhraj that are correct from parts of mouth and the unity of coordinative sounds that produce sounds in morphemes arrangement, in one word that produces meaning. The result of phonological study has divided al-ashwat to be kinds of sound like the pronounced sounds, produced sounds from mouth, and heard sound.

  14. Platão, Al-fârâbî e Averróis: as qualidades essenciais ao governante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosalie Helena de Souza Pereira

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A filosofia política que se desenvolveu no mundo islâmico, entre os séculos IX e XII, apropriou-se de conceitos da filosofia grega, principalmente de Platão e de Aristóteles. A República e as Leis, de Platão, e a Ética Nicomaqueia, de Aristóteles, foram os textos que fundamentaram as concepções políticas dos filósofos de expressão árabe, desde as virtudes a serem buscadas individualmente até a ideia do melhor regime político. Com base nos textos gregos traduzidos para o árabe, esses filósofos delinearam os objetivos da vida política e o modo como o regime político deveria ser estruturado para alcançá-los. A cidade ideal platônica é o paradigma a ser realizado. O tópico das qualidades essenciais ao soberano faz parte de uma longa tradição que remonta aos "espelhos dos príncipes" de origem persa; está presente também na tradição religiosa e no Direito islâmico. Dois grandes expoentes da filosofia de expressão árabe, Al-Fârâbî e Averróis, retomam o tópico das qualidades essenciais ao filósofo-rei, enunciado na República, e o adaptam a seu universo histórico¹.

  15. Transient oxidation of Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andoh, A.

    1997-01-01

    The oxide phases formed on an Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil and an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil of the same levels of Al and (La+Ce) contents, and their oxidation kinetics have been studied in air at 1173 and 1373 K using TGA, XRD and SEM. Al deposition promotes the growth of metastable aluminas (θ-Al 2 O 3 , γ-Al 2 O 3 ). Scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and a small amount of α-Al 2 O 3 develop on the Al-deposited foil at 1173 K and exhibit the whisker-type morphology. In the early stage of oxidation at 1373 K, thick scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 grow rapidly on the Al-deposited foil. The transformation from θ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 is very fast, and the scales result in only α-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, α-Al 2 O 3 scales containing a minor amount of FeAl 2 O 4 develop on the alloy foil. The growth rate of α-Al 2 O 3 scales on the Al-deposited foil is smaller than that on the alloy foil and very close to that on NiAl at 1373 K. (orig.)

  16. Uma leitura hallidayiana das sentenças clivadas do português

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo Ilari

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available

    Neste trabalho, discutimos os critérios que, segundo Halliday (1966- 1967, explicam as estruturas "identificadoras" e "predicativas" que, juntas, dão conta do universo das cleft sentences do inglês. Mostramos que esses critérios parecem válidos para as cinco formas de sentenças clivadas do português e, além disso, permitem levantar hipóteses para a compreensão dos processos que as originaram.

  17. Proton irradiation studies on Al and Al5083 alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bhattacharyya, P.; Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Gupta, A. Dutta; Sarkar, Apu; Dhar, S.; Mitra, M. K.; Mukherjee, P.

    2017-10-01

    The change in the microstructural parameters and microhardness values in 6.5 MeV proton irradiated pure Al and Al5083 alloy samples have been evaluated using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis (XRD) and microindendation techniques. The detailed line profile analysis of the XRD data showed that the domain size increases and saturates with irradiation dose both in the case of Al and Al5083 alloy. The corresponding microstrain values did not show any change with irradiation dose in the case of the pure Al but showed an increase at higher irradiation doses in the case of Al5083 alloy. The microindendation results showed that unirradiated Al5083 alloy has higher hardness value compared to that of unirradiated pure Al. The hardness increased marginally with irradiation dose in the case of Al5083, whereas for pure Al, there was no significant change with dose.

  18. Juan Emar, arquitecto de la prosa. Elementos de Poética y recepción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Canseco-Jerez

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available El artículo expone (1 los primeros elementos para la interpretación del universo de representaciones estéticas, elementos que impidieron la difusión y la "recepción" en Chile de la obra literaria de Juan Emar; (2 aproximación de la Arqui-textura -Umbral- configuración de la transversabilidad semántica de la obra emariana; y (3 el principio de "dialogización" e intertextualidad y la noción de utopía literaria en torno al universo de Mallarmé y Borges.   The article describes (1 the primary elements for the interpretation of the universe of aesthetic representations, elements which prevented the diffusion and "reception" in Chile of Juan Emar's literary work; (2 the approximation of the archi-texture -Umbral- and the shape of the semantic transversability of the Emarian work; and (3 the beginning of "dialogation" and intertextuality and the notion of literary utopia in connection with the universe of Mallarme and Borges.

  19. PEMBARUAN MASLAḤAH DALAM MAQĀṢID AL- SHARĪ‘AH: TELAAH HUMANISTIS TENTANG AL-KULLIYYĀT AL-KHAMSAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zaenuddin Mansyur

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract:   In order to answer a variety of issues faced by human being in the current era, such as human rights abuses, social disintegration, and terrorism, the renewal of Islamic law in the level of theoretical and practical aspects is very urgent. This paper aims to examine one of the Islamic legal reform efforts, namely to build a more technical understanding of the concept of maṣlaḥah contained in the maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, called the al-kulliyat al-khamsah. Therefore, the concept of maṣlaḥah in ḥifẓ al-dīn is technically defined as al-ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (freedom of religion and schools; in ḥifẓ al-nafs as al-karamat al-insān (human being breeding; in ḥifẓ al-nasl as ḥifẓ al-usrah (wholeness and harmony of the family; in ḥifẓ al-māl as al-taḍammun al-insān (social solidarity , and in ḥifẓ al-‘aql as al-ḥuqūq as al-tarbiyāt (increasing human resources quality.Abstrak: Demi menjawab aneka persoalan zaman yang dihadapi manusia era sekarang, seperti penyelewengan terhadap HAM, disintegrasi sosial, dan terorisme, maka pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam tataran teoretis dan praktis urgen dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu upaya pembaruan hukum Islam, yaitu membangun pemahaman yang lebih teknis terhadap konsep maṣlaḥah yang terkandung dalam maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, yang disebut dengan al-kulliyāt al-khamsah. Oleh karena itu, konsep maṣlaḥah dalam ḥifẓu al-dīn secara teknis dimaknai sebagai ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (kebebasan untuk beragama dan beraliran; dalam ḥifẓu al-nafs sebagai al-karāmāt al-insān (pemuliaan kemanusiaan; dalam ḥifẓu al-nasl sebagai ḥifẓu al-usrah (keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga; dalam ḥifẓu al-māl sebagai al-taḍammun al-insān (solidaritas sosial; dan dalam ḥifẓu al-‘aql sebagai al-ḥuqūq al-tarbiyāt (peningkatan sumber daya manusia.

  20. Combustion synthesis of AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Pan; Xiao, Guoqing; Ding, Donghai; Ren, Yun; Yang, Shoulei; Lv, Lihua; Hou, Xing

    2018-05-01

    Using of Al and B2O3 powders as starting materials, and Mg-Al alloy as additives, AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures were successfully fabricated via combustion synthesis method in Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effect of different amount of Mg-Al alloy on the phase compositions and morphology of the combustion products was investigated. The results revealed that AlB2 and Al2O3 increased, whereas Al decreased with the content of Mg-Al alloy increasing. The impurities MgAl2O4 and AlB12 would exist in the sample with adding of 18 wt% Mg-Al alloy. Interestingly, FESEM/TEM/EDS results showed that AlB2 nanowires were observed in the products when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 6 wt% and 12 wt%. The more AlB2 nanowires can be found as the content of Mg-Al alloy increased. And the yield of AlB2 nanowires with the diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) and the length up to several tens of micrometers (μm) in the combustion product is highest when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 12 wt%. The vapor, such as Mg-Al (g), B2O2 (g), AlO (g) and Al2O (g), produced during the process of combustion synthesis, reacted with each other to yield AlB2 nanowires by vapor-solid (VS) mechanism and the corresponding model was also proposed.

  1. The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

    1989-01-01

    The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

  2. In Situ Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammed Shahien

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situ formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N2 plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h-AlN, c-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al5O6N, cubic sphalerite Al23O27N5 (ALON and Al2O3. The zinc-blend c-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend c-Al

  3. Universalidad e intertextualidad en Gastón Baquero : (la raíz, el tronco y las ramas : España, Cuba e Hispanoamérica en el árbol de su poesía)

    OpenAIRE

    Aradas Blanco, Diana

    2014-01-01

    [ES]Esta tesis trata sobre la huella de la literatura española, cubana e hispanoamericana en la poesía de Gastón Baquero. La presencia de la literatura española se vertebra en torno a tres etapas: la literatura medieval, la renacentista y barroca (con autores como Garcilaso de la Vega, Fray Luis de León, San Juan de la Cruz, Santa Teresa de Jesús, Góngora, Calderón de la Barca, Quevedo, Lope de Vega, o Cervantes) y el periodo comprendido desde el Romanticismo (con alusiones a Bécquer o Espron...

  4. Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2006-01-01

    The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and A1-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis.The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds.Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading.However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti(Al, Cu)2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy.These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.

  5. PEMAHAMAN HADITS TARBAWI BURHAN AL ISLAM AL ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL MUTA’ALLIM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benny Afwadzi

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper explores the understanding of tarbawi (education hadith from one of the major influential clerics in the Islamic educational system, especially in pesantren. He is Burhan al Islam al Zarnuji with his landmark book Ta’lim al Muta’allim. The conclusion that can be drawn is that al Zarnuji has shades of sufistical view in understanding tarbawi hadith. This can be seen in his understanding of hadith on obligation to seek knowledge (thalab al ilmi faridhatun ‘ala kulli muslimin wa muslimatin, which is interpreted as ilm al hal, the science concerning the condition of the human religious or simplistically said as the religious sciences; and the hadith of intention of studying (innama al a’malu bi al niyyat with the intention for the sake of the hereafter and religion, not mundane. Such an understanding is not something taken for granted, but it can be reinterpreted and perfected in accordance with the spirit of the times of context.

  6. Eros, Thánatos y Psique: una complicidad triádica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Serrano Barquín

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se parte de personajes mitológicos para analizar la relación triádica entre erotismo/ creación, sufrimiento/pulsión de muerte y psicoanálisis, disertación que hacen los autores desde sus diversas prácticas docentes y de investigación. Para ello se retoma la idea de que la creatividad no es coto de poder de algún campo disciplinar específico, que se puede abordar como proceso epistémico, comunicativo, artístico, sensoperceptual, inconsciente. Entrar al mundo de la creación es entrar al mundo de las posibilidades, para imaginar y recrear universos excluidos.

  7. Calculation of Gibbs energy of Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Al-Cu, Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu liquid alloys based on quasiregular solution model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, H.Q.; Yang, Y.S.; Tong, W.H.; Wang, Z.Y.

    2007-01-01

    With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, the mixing enthalpy as well as the Gibbs energy of the ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated based on quasiregular solution model. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. The sequence of Gibbs energies of different systems is: G Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Zr-Al-Ni Zr-Al-Cu Cu-Al-Ni . To Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the lowest Gibbs energy locates in the composition range of X Zr 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.61; X Ni = 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.60 and X Zr = 0.32-0.67, X Al = 0.32-0.66, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the lowest Gibbs energy is obtained in the region of X Al = 0.63-0.80, X Ni = 0.14-0.24

  8. Bipolar characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction structure with AlGaN as buffer layer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peng, Enchao; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiao, Hongling; Wang, Cuimei; Yin, Haibo; Chen, Hong; Feng, Chun; Jiang, Lijuan; Hou, Xun; Wang, Zhanguo

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •2DEG and 2DHG coexist in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN DH-structure. •The sheet densities of 2DEG and 2DHG vary with buffer Al content and GaN thickness. •The conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. •Increasing buffer Al content provides better electron confinement. •Dislocation scattering is reduced in the DH-structure. -- Abstract: This is a theoretical study of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) structure with AlGaN as buffer layer. Our calculation shows that as the buffer Al content increases, though two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density decreases, the channel back-barrier caused by polarization-induced electric field in GaN provides better electron confinement. And under certain conditions the DH-structure shows bipolar characteristics, with an additional two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formed at GaN/AlGaN interface. The influence of the buffer Al content and GaN channel thickness on the 2DEG and 2DHG sheet densities are investigated, and the conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. Also, the mobility inhibited by dislocation scattering is enhanced in DH-structure due to the enhancement of screening effect of the 2DEG

  9. The code of light: al-ghazali and al-suhrawardi

    OpenAIRE

    Gediminaitė, Barbora

    2017-01-01

    The Code of Light: Al-Ghazali and Al-Suhrawardi The Bachelor’s thesis The Code of Light in Islam: al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi presents a comparative study of light. The study analyses the philosophical systems of al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi through the reconstruction of the image of light and its operation principles. The main subject of the thesis are the attributes of light. The main problem of the research is the semantics and contextuality of light in Islamic theology and philosophy. Th...

  10. Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kerwanto Kerwanto

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’, kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian, dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal, intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnyaKata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah, denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī, penyempurnaan diri (takammul, tasbīḥ.  Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’, prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah and resurrection (ma‘ād and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences

  11. A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma Xiaoguang; Liu Xiangfa; Ding Haimin

    2009-01-01

    Because flake-like TiAl 3 particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl 3 particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of α-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption

  12. Liquidus projection of the Nb-Cr-Al system near the Al3(Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic region

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Souza, S.A.; Ferrandini, P.L.; Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, A.A.; Caram, R.

    2006-01-01

    The system Nb-Cr-Al was investigated in the region near the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic and the liquidus projection of that region was determined based on the microstructural characterization of arc melted alloys. The characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results allowed one to determine three primary solidification liquidus surfaces ((Cr,Al) 2 Nb, Cr(Al,Nb) and Al 3 (Nb,Cr)), that are originated from the binary systems Cr-Nb, Cr-Al and Al-Nb. It is proposed the occurrence of the invariant reaction L + (Cr,Al) 2 Nb ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) and of a point of minimum, which involves a three phase reaction, L ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb). All alloys studied showed formation of the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic as the last solidification step with Al(Nb)Cr 2 precipitating from Cr(Al,Nb)

  13. Mejora de los indicadores biológicos de exposición al mercurio en trabajadores de una refinería de oro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Augusto V. Ramírez

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La exposición al mercurio asociada a malas prácticas de higiene laboral favorece el desarrollo de la intoxicación ocupacional denominada mercurialismo. Para verificar el impacto que la mejoría de los niveles ambientales de mercurio tendría en trabajadores de la refinería en una empresa aurífera peruana, se elaboró un programa de reingeniería para el control de la exposición que abarca aspectos de salud e higiene laboral y participación activa de la jefatura operativa. Objetivos: Estudiar en trabajadores de una refinería aurífera las variaciones de indicadores de exposición a mercurio al mejorar la calidad del ambiental laboral. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Lugar de estudio: Servicio de Salud Ocupacional de una empresa minera aurífera en el Perú. Participantes: Trabajadores de la refinería de oro. Intervenciones: Se modificó la metodología del examen médico y de la evaluación del ambiente laboral de 100 trabajadores de la refinería de oro, durante el periodo 2003-2007, además de mejorar las condiciones de trabajo. Luego, se cuantificó semestralmente los límites ambientales del tóxico y los indicadores de exposición. Se analizó estadísticamente la variación de los valores medios de los indicadores biológicos respecto a la variación del tóxico en el ambiente de trabajo. Principales medidas de resultados: Mejora de los indicadores ambientales y biológicos. Resultados: Los valores medios de los indicadores ambientales mejoraron cada año, al igual que los indicadores biológicos del universo estudiado. El mercurio ambiental en 2 003 fue 6,3 mg/m3 y, en 2 007, 0,03, valor de p < 0,001. El indicador mercurio urinario en 2003 fue 11,9 ug/L y, en 2007, 2,3 con p < 0,01. Conclusiones: En el grupo estudiado, la disminución del tóxico en el ambiente de labor determinó la mejora significativa de los indicadores biológicos de exposición al mercurio en el trabajador.

  14. A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ma Xiaoguang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn; Ding Haimin [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)

    2009-03-05

    Because flake-like TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of {alpha}-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption.

  15. Narración, escritura e imaginarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Restrepo

    1994-01-01

    Full Text Available A finales del siglo XIX comenzó a gestarse el universo audiovisual tecnológico. El caos semiótico que se sumó al producido por la tensión tradición oral - tradición escrituraria, creó diferentes formas contradictorias y disímiles, de pensamiento, sentimiento y expresión en las que se fundan los imaginarios y las identidades. En el artículo se brindan algunos elementos para la comprensión de esta problemática.

  16. Planeamiento estratégico, desarrollo organizacional y desempeño laboral en Pronied – Minedu. Lima. 2016

    OpenAIRE

    Loza Santos, Betty Aurora

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general de determinar la relación entre el Planeamiento estratégico, desarrollo organizacional y desempeño laboral en Pronied – Minedu. Lima. 2016. La población o universo de interés en esta investigación, estuvo conformada por 110 trabajadores profesionales del Pronied, la muestra censal considero al mismo número de la población en las cuales se han estudiado las variables: Planeamiento estratégico, desarrollo organizacional y de...

  17. Nero come un buco nero

    CERN Document Server

    Ioli, Elena

    2013-01-01

    L'Universo è popolato di stelle, pianeti, galassie, comete, asteroidi, ma di sicuro i suoi abitanti più misteriosi e affascinanti sono i buchi neri! Bernardo, Gregorio e i loro due amici scopriranno insieme al nonno Gino tutti i segreti di questi misteriosi oggetti celesti. Cone nasce un buco nero e cone è fatto? Cosa succede se ci cado dentro? Un buco nero è veramente nero? E che cosa c'è dall'altra parte di un buco nero? Età di lettura: da 9 anni.

  18. La Virtualización de la afectividad

    OpenAIRE

    Alfama, Eva

    2005-01-01

    El trabajo inmaterial, al amparo de las sociedades postfordistas actuales donde la vida ha sido puesta a trabajar, se desarrolla operando sobre una constelación de intangibles como son el conocimiento, la información, los saberes, la comunicación o los afectos. Ocio y negocio, tiempo de descanso y de trabajo, relaciones personales y profesionales se entremezclan cada vez más hasta con-fundirse en un solo momento productivo. Así, el universo de lo afectivo, mientras antes se quedaba relegado a...

  19. O valor da cultura: a importância da obra de arte nas esferas política e econômica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enio Luiz de Carvalho Biaggi

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudo acerca do valor da obra de arte na sociedade contemporânea (contexto pós-moderno. Além disso, analisou-se a função da crítica e a atividade do artista nesse mesmo contexto, intrinsecamente relacionados à economia capitalista. Por fim, verificou-se também o papel da indústria cultural e a importância dos recursos tecnológicos e dos meios de comunicação no universo artístico.

  20. O impacte da inteligência emocional no desempenho de colaboradores : análise de um caso numa grande instituição financeira em Portugal

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Francisco Manuel dos Reis Luiz de Oliveira da

    2012-01-01

    Mestrado em Gestão Empresarial Terá a inteligência emocional (IE) um papel relevante no desempenho comercial dos gestores de empresas? O presente trabalho explora esta questão numa grande instituição financeira portuguesa. A amostra (n = 149) incluiu todos os gestores de empresas que responderam ao questionário de avaliação da inteligência emocional de auto-relato (desenvolvido por Schutte et al., 1998) de um universo de trabalho composto por 216 gestores de empresas. O desempenho comercia...

  1. United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    韩延峰; 刘相法; 王海梅; 王振卿; 边秀房; 张均艳

    2003-01-01

    The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated. It is foundthat excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of A1-P master alloy into Al-24Simelt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47 μm from original 225 μm. It is also found that theTiC particles in the melt coming from Al8Ti2C can improve the modification effect of the Al-P master alloy. Whenthe content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03 %, the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steadywith increasing content of TiC particles. Modification effect occurs at 50 min after the addition of the Al-P master al-loy and TiC particles, and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.

  2. Números y universo arhuaco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ever De la Hoz Molinares

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available This work presents the investigation about the symbolic representation of the numbering system of the arhuaco culture of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta and the significance of numbers for this community; it also establishes similarities and differences with the decimal system that is imposed today on "big brothers". It is essential to know how they use their indigenous numbering system in their traditional practices. For Arhuacos, numbers influenced the creation of the universe and its conservation, and they represent the origin of beings. There are sacred numbers such as one, two, four and nine. The number four is fundamental in their traditional practices, it represents the four elements of nature. Nine represents the balance with the universe. The numbers express order, cohesion, conceptions of space, the environment, a holistic view of their universe, and their law of origin. They don’t have symbolic representation; they have some figures associated with numbers; this system lacks zero, because from their worldview, the concepts of nothing and empty don’t exist. Knowledge is transmitted orally from generation to generation, through their diverse cultural activities. The use of the numbering system in traditional practices has achieved its importance to our time, but is little known, due to poor work done on their mathematical knowledge. The system is positional with a decimal base, is cardinal, and systematized in Ikᵾ.

  3. El universo mas pequeno

    CERN Multimedia

    Rivera, Alicia

    2007-01-01

    The future of the exploration of the microcosmos will be in a ring formed by more than 8'000 magnets. With the new great particle acceleator LHC, nearly finished in Geneva, scientists will see how the universe was created just after the Big Bang. (3 pages with photos)

  4. Nanoporous Al sandwich foils using size effect of Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Hailiang; Lu, Cheng; Tieu, A. Kiet; Li, Huijun; Godbole, Ajit; Kong, Charlie

    2018-06-01

    The roll bonding technique is one of the most widely used methods to produce metal laminate sheets. Such sheets offer interesting research opportunities for both scientists and engineers. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of the 'thickness effect' during laminate rolling for the first time. Using a four-high multifunction rolling mill, Cu/Al/Cu laminate sheets were fabricated with a range of thicknesses (16, 40, 70 and 130 μm) of the Al layer. The thickness of the Cu sheets was a constant 300 μm. After rolling, TEM images show good bonding quality between the Cu and Al layers. However, there are many nanoscale pores in the Al layer. The fraction of nanoscale pores in the Al layer increases with a reduction in the Al layer thickness. The finite element method was used to simulate the Cu/Al/Cu rolling process. The simulation results reveal the effect of the Al layer thickness on the deformation characteristics of the Cu/Al/Cu laminate. Finally, we propose that the size effect of the Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling may offer a method to fabricate 'nanoporous' Al sandwich laminate foils. Such foils can be used in electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices and noisy shielding of building.

  5. Structural stability and electronic properties of AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3: Stabilnost strukture in elektronske lastnosti AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3:

    OpenAIRE

    Cheng, Rong; Wu, Xiao-Yu

    2013-01-01

    First-principles calculations were performed to study the alloying stability and electronic structure of the Al-based intermetallic compounds AlCusub3, AlCusub{2}Zr and AlZrsub3. The results show that the lattice parameters obtained after the full relaxation of the crystalline cells are consistent with the experimental data, and these intermetallics have a strong alloying ability and structural stability due to their negative formation energies and their cohesive energies. A further analysis ...

  6. DE UNA NOCIVIDAD A LA OTRA: LA BIOÉTICA FRENTE AL DESAFÍO DE CULTIVAR SU PLURALISMO DESDE UMA NOCIVIDADE ATÉ UMA OUTRA: A BIOÉTICA EM FRENTE DO DESAFIO DE CULTIVAREM O SEU PLURALISMO FROM ONE HARMFULNESS TO THE OTHER: BIOETHICS FACES THE CHALLENGE OF CULTIVATING ITS PLURALISM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Zorrilla Fuenzalida

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Este texto aborda las nocividades ambiental y alimentaria como temáticas que, a pesar de sus propias características, constituyen una parte importante del universo al interior del cual la bioética se desarrolla. En este sentido las nocividades representan un desafío reflexivo y metodológico que obliga a la bioética interrogarse, incluso, sobre procesos y términos que fundamentan su accionar cotidiano. En la medida que las nocividades ambientales y alimentarias tienen una historia -reflexiva y práctica-, independiente de la bioética, con participación de actores de horizontes diversos, es preciso referirse a la experiencia acumulada estos últimos años. Como se dice en el texto, es preciso interrogarse por su puesta en relato y los resultados que ello ha provocado. Esta experiencia constituye el terreno inevitable para continuar reflexionando sobre las nocividades desde la bioética. Puesto que esta historia también da cuenta de obstáculos y dificultades con las regulaciones y juicios propuestos, ocurre que la bioética al medirse con las nocividades se mide también con una parte considerable de sí mismaO texto aborda as nocividades ambientais e alimentícias como temas que, a pesar das suas próprias características, compõem uma parte relevante do universo dentro do qual a bioética se desenvolve. Neste sentido as nocividades representam um desafio reflexivo e metodológico que faz com que a bioética questione, inclusive, os processos e nomenclaturas que fundamentam a sua ação cotidiana. Visto que as nocividades ambientais e alimentícias possuem uma história -reflexiva e prática-, independente da bioética, com a participação de atores de vários universos, se faz necessário reflexionar sobre a experiência acumulada nos últimos anos. De acordo ao mencioando no texto, se faz necessário questionar a sua presença nos discursos e os resultados que isto tem provocado. Esta experiência constitui o inevitável terreno

  7. /Cu-Al System

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kish, Orel; Froumin, Natalya; Aizenshtein, Michael; Frage, Nachum

    2014-05-01

    Wettability and interfacial interaction of the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system were studied. Pure Cu does not wet the Ta2O5 substrate, and improved spreading is achieved when relatively a high fraction of the active element (~40 at.% Al) was added. The Al2O3 and AlTaO4 phases were observed at the Ta2O5/Cu-Al interface. A thermodynamic evaluation allowed us to suggest that the lack of wetting bellow 40 at.% Al is due to the presence of a native oxide, which covers the drop. The conditions of the native oxide decomposition and the formation of the volatile Al2O suboxide strongly depend on the vacuum level during sessile drop experiments and the composition of the Cu-Al alloy. In our case, Al contents greater than 40% provides thermodynamic conditions for the formation of Al2O (as a result of Al reaction with Al2O3) and the drop spreading. It was suggested that the final contact angle in the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system (50°) is determined by Ta adsorption on the newly formed alumina interlayer.

  8. Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Rusydi Khalid

    2017-12-01

    This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah. Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara

  9. ALS Association

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... toward a world without ALS! Walk to Defeat ALS® Walk to Defeat ALS® draws people of all ... We need your help. I Will Advocate National ALS Registry The National ALS Registry is a congressionally ...

  10. AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al matrix composites: Fabrication and mechanical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Y.Q.; Cong, H.T.; Wang, W.; Sun, C.H.; Cheng, H.M.

    2009-01-01

    To improve the specific strength and stiffness of Al-based composites, AlN/Al nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by arc plasma evaporation of Al in nitrogen atmosphere and consolidated by hot-pressing to fabricate AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al composites (0-39 vol.% AlN). Microstructure characterization shows that AlN nanoparticles homogeneously distribute in the matrix of Al nanocrystalline, which forms atomically bonded interfaces of AlN/Al. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite have been improved dramatically, up to 3.48 GPa and 142 GPa, respectively. Such improvement is believed to result from the grain refinement strengthening and the interface strengthening (load transfer) between the Al matrix and AlN nanoparticles

  11. Comparison of one and two-neutron transfer near the Coulomb barrier for the 27Al(18O, 16O)29Al, 27Al(18O, 17O)28Al and 27Al(13C, 12C)28Al reactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schiller, S.A.; Eck, J.S.

    1975-01-01

    Total reaction cross sections for the transfer reactions 27 Al( 18 O, 16 O) 29 Al, 27 Al( 18 O, 17 O) 28 Al and 27 Al( 13 C, 12 C) 28 Al are reported for center-of-mass energies between 13 and 20 MeV for 18 O projectiles and between 11 and 17.5 MeV for 13 C projectiles. The reaction products, 29 Al, and 28 Al, beta decay to 29 Si and 28 Si, respectively, and the subsequent γ decays of 29 Si and 28 Si were measured. Due to the relatively long beta decay half lives, data were taken in a beam-off mode, resulting in very clean spectra. Total cross sections were calculated and compared with a theoretical model for barrier penetration proposed by C.Y. Wong. Differences between 18 O induced one and two-neutron total transfer reaction cross sections are discussed. (orig.) [de

  12. Al-matrix composite materials reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonneville, J; Laplanche, G; Joulain, A; Gauthier-Brunet, V; Dubois, S

    2010-01-01

    Al-matrix material composites were produced using hot isostatic pressing technique, starting with pure Al and icosahedral (i) Al-Cu-Fe powders. Depending on the processing temperature, the final reinforcement particles are either still of the initial i-phase or transformed into the tetragonal ω-Al0 0.70 Cu 0.20 Fe 0.10 crystalline phase. Compression tests performed in the temperature range 293K - 823K on the two types of composite, i.e. Al/i and Al/ω, indicate that the flow stress of both composites is strongly temperature dependent and exhibit distinct regimes with increasing temperature. Differences exist between the two composites, in particular in yield stress values. In the low temperature regime (T ≤ 570K), the yield stress of the Al/ω composite is nearly 75% higher than that of the Al/i composite, while for T > 570K both composites exhibit similar yield stress values. The results are interpreted in terms of load transfer contribution between the matrix and the reinforcement particles and elementary dislocation mechanisms in the Al matrix.

  13. INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA

    OpenAIRE

    Jaime G. Gómez

    1982-01-01

    La investigación ha dependido siempre de la curiosidad innata del hombre por encontrar la verdad y descubrir los misterios de la naturaleza y el universo. El desarrollo de la investigación científica no es un lujo para ninguna nación en donde las condiciones de educación y la calidad de sus recursos humanos permiten promover, estimular y preparar las inteligencias jóvenes para motivarlos y encaminarlos por los senderos de la ciencia con el objeto de contribuir al progreso del país, d...

  14. Sobre la lógica del número

    OpenAIRE

    Bedoya, Lina María; Pierce, Charles

    2013-01-01

    Nadie puede poner en duda las propiedades elementales concernientes al número: las que no son manifiestamente verdaderas a primera vista se verifican mediante las demostraciones usuales. Pero aunque vemos que son verdaderas, no vemos tan fácilmente con precisión por qué son verdaderas; tanto es así que un lógico inglés de renombre ha abrigado la duda de si serían verdaderas en todo el universo. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que ellas son consecuencias estrictamente silogísticas de u...

  15. Ética, comunicación interna y rendimiento laboral en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores”-Minsa. Lima. 2016

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Vargas, Martha Aida

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la Ética, comunicación interna y rendimiento laboral en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores”-Minsa. Lima. 2016. La población o universo de interés en esta investigación, estuvo conformada por 60 Médicos Rehabilitadores del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores”. Minsa, la muestra censal considero al mismo número de la población en las cual...

  16. Comportamientos Sexuales de Adolescentes y Jóvenes de Sectores Populares del Municipio de Sincelejo, Sucre

    OpenAIRE

    Anaya Lazo, Leydys Isabel

    2010-01-01

    En esta investigación me propuse conocer los comportamientos sexuales de los y las adolescentes y jóvenes que viven en sectores populares del municipio de Sincelejo, - en la Comuna 1-, Departamento de Sucre. Logré un acercamiento a la población joven, al conocimiento y análisis de sus vivencias sexuales y situaciones de riesgo. El trabajo de campo fue realizado durante el año 2006 - 2007 periodo que me permitió considerar un universo de 2.300 adolescentes y jóvenes con una muestra de 210 p...

  17. Girando con pesas en las manos: conservación del momento angular

    OpenAIRE

    Ferrer Roca, Chantal

    2013-01-01

    Las personas que practican patinaje artístico, al girar sobre sí mismas encogiendo progresivamente sus extremidades, son capaces de incrementar de forma espectacular su velocidad de giro. También los cuerpos del universo, que siempre están girando (estrellas, púlsares, nebulosas) cambian la velocidad de rotación con el tiempo. Este vídeo presenta una demostración clásica y sencilla en la que una persona sentada en una banqueta giratoria con dos pesas en las manos modifica su velocidad de giro...

  18. O valor da cultura: a importância da obra de arte nas esferas política e econômica http://dx.doi.org/10.15601/1983-7631/rt.v2n3p105-111

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enio Luiz de Carvalho Biaggi

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudo acerca do valor da obra de arte na sociedade contemporânea (contexto pós-moderno. Além disso, analisou-se a função da crítica e a atividade do artista nesse mesmo contexto, intrinsecamente relacionados à economia capitalista. Por fim, verificou-se também o papel da indústria cultural e a importância dos recursos tecnológicos e dos meios de comunicação no universo artístico.Palavras-chave: indústria cultural; valor; arte

  19. Condiciones sanitarias de los comedores comunitarios del conurbano de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Arango Julia; Agostini Adela; Silvestre Alejandro; Yaafar Marcela; López Clara; Fishmann Hilda

    1997-01-01

    Debido a la importancia que la inocuidad de los alimentos entraña para la salud pública, se procuró determinar la calidad microbiológica de los alimentos que consumen los usuarios de los comedores comunitarios del conurbano de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuyo universo lo conformaron tres municipios con índices medianos y altos de pobreza, de los que se extrajo al azar una muestra de 52 comedores. La información se recolectó desde abril de 1994 hasta abril de 1...

  20. Intervención educativa en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus en Guatemala

    OpenAIRE

    José Manuel Contreras Tejeda; Arely Díaz Cifuentes; Mayda Díaz Pérez; Aurora Seara Cifuentes

    2014-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio de intervención comunitaria, con el objetivo de incrementar los conocimientos en pacientes diabéticos adultos mayores, pertenecientes al Departamento Alta Verapaz, Cobán, Guatemala; en el período comprendido desde junio de 2011 hasta junio de 2012. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por los pacientes diabéticos dispensarizados por el médico y la enfermera en el área periférica, conformándose la muestra con 46 de ellos, a los cuales se les evaluó el grado de conoci...

  1. Piezo-tunnel effect in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions elaborated by atomic layer deposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rafael, R.; Puyoo, E.; Malhaire, C.

    2017-11-01

    In this work, the electrical transport in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions under mechanical stress is investigated in the perspective to use them as strain sensors. The metal/insulator/metal junctions are elaborated with a low temperature process (≤200 °C) fully compatible with CMOS back-end-of-line. The conduction mechanism in the structure is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and efforts are made to extract the relevant physical parameters. Gauge factors up to -32.5 were found in the fabricated devices under tensile stress. Finally, theoretical mechanical considerations give strong evidence that strain sensitivity in Al/Al2O3/Al structures originates not only from geometrical deformations but also from the variation of interface barrier height and/or effective electronic mass in the tunneling oxide layer.

  2. Generation and evolution of nanoscale AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} particles in Al-Fe-P system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qiao, Huan; Gao, Tong; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Wu, Yuying; Qian, Zhao; Liu, Xiangfa, E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

    2015-02-15

    Highlights: • Diffusion and gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. • Nanoscale AlP clusters are in-situ generated and evolve during the whole process. • This novel Al-Fe-P alloy has an excellent low-temperature refining performance on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. - Abstract: In this paper, the gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the whole reaction process undergoes four main stages: the diffusion of Al atom, the generation of (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compound, the precipitation of nano AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} clusters and their growth to submicron particles. The microstructure of Fe-P particles evolves from the “egg-type”, the “sponge-type” to the “sesame-cake” structure. AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} nano phases have in-situ generated and evolved during the whole process. The gradual reaction mechanism has been discussed. Furthermore, a novel Al-Fe-P alloy which contains (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compounds and nano AlP particles has been synthesized and its low-temperature refining performance on A390 alloy has also been investigated.

  3. Japanese version of the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire (ALS-FTD-Q-J).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Beeldman, Emma; Raaphorst, Joost; Izumi, Yuishin; Yoshino, Hiide; Masuda, Michihito; Atsuta, Naoki; Ito, Satoru; Adachi, Tadashi; Adachi, Yoshiki; Yokota, Osamu; Oda, Masaya; Hanashima, Ritsuko; Ogino, Mieko; Ichikawa, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Kazuko; Kimura, Hideki; Shimizu, Toshio; Aiba, Ikuko; Yabe, Hayato; Kanba, Makoto; Kusumi, Kimiyoshi; Aoki, Tetsuya; Hiroe, Yu; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Nishiyama, Kazutoshi; Nomoto, Masahiro; Sobue, Gen; Nakashima, Kenji

    2016-08-15

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share common clinical, genetic and neuropathological features. Some ALS patients have behavioral/personality changes, which could result in significant obstacles in the care provided by family members and caregivers. An easy screening tool would contribute greatly to the evaluation of these symptoms. We translated the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire, developed in the Netherlands, into Japanese (ALS-FTD-Q-J) and examined the clinimetric properties (internal consistency, construct and clinical validity). Patients with ALS and/or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were evaluated alongside healthy controls in this multicenter study. All ALS patients, regardless of bvFTD status, were further evaluated by the frontal behavioral inventory (FBI) and for frontal/executive function, cognition, anxiety/depression, and motor functions. Data from 146 subjects were analyzed: ALS (92), ALS-bvFTD (6), bvFTD (16), and healthy controls (32). The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q-J was good (Cronbach α=0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q-J showed construct validity as it exhibited a high correlation with the FBI (r=0.79). However, correlations were moderate with anxiety/depression and low with cognitive scales, in contrast to the original report, i.e. a moderate correlation with cognition and a low correlation with anxiety/depression. The ALS-FTD-Q-J discriminated ALS patients from (ALS-)bvFTD patients and controls. Thus, the ALS-FTD-Q-J is useful for evaluating Japanese ALS/FTD patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Radiation detection with Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsumura, Atsuki; Takahashi, Toru; Kurakado, Masahiko

    1992-01-01

    Superconductor radiation detectors have the possibility of 20-30 times better energy resolution than that of a high resolution Si detector. We fabricated Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions with low leakage current. X rays were detected with large area junctions of 178x178 μm 2 . High energy resolution of 160 eV for 5.9 keV was obtained. We also fabricated series connected junctions which covers a rather large area of 4x4 mm 2 . α particles injected into the rear substrate were detected using nonthermal phonons induced by the radiations in the substrate. (author)

  5. La Virtualización de la Afectividad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eva Alfama

    2005-05-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo inmaterial, al amparo de las sociedades postfordistas actuales donde la vida ha sido puesta a trabajar, se desarrolla operando sobre una constelación de intangibles como son el conocimiento, la información, los saberes, la comunicación o los afectos. Ocio y negocio, tiempo de descanso y de trabajo, relaciones personales y profesionales se entremezclan cada vez más hasta con-fundirse en un solo momento productivo. Así, el universo de lo afectivo, mientras antes se quedaba relegado al terreno de lo privado, hoy día cobra especial relevancia tanto por convertirse en materia prima de gobierno y capital como en fuente de estrategias de cooperación que desafían el orden social.

  6. ALS-Plus Syndrome: Non-Pyramidal Features in a Large ALS Cohort

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCluskey, Leo; Vandriel, Shannon; Elman, Lauren; Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.; Powers, John; Boller, Ashley; Wood, Elisabeth McCarty; Woo, John; McMillan, Corey T.; Rascovsky, Katya; Grossman, Murray

    2014-01-01

    Objective Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. Methods In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. Results Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, pALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. Conclusions ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation. PMID:25086858

  7. Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti 2 AlC/TiAl ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    In situ Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite was fabricated by hot-pressing method via the reaction system of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150 ∘ C. The composite mainly consisted of TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 AlC phases. Fine Ti 2 AlC particles were homogeneously distributed and dispersed in the matrix.

  8. Assessing behavioural changes in ALS: cross-validation of ALS-specific measures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pinto-Grau, Marta; Costello, Emmet; O'Connor, Sarah; Elamin, Marwa; Burke, Tom; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Hardiman, Orla

    2017-07-01

    The Beaumont Behavioural Inventory (BBI) is a behavioural proxy report for the assessment of behavioural changes in ALS. This tool has been validated against the FrSBe, a non-ALS-specific behavioural assessment, and further comparison of the BBI against a disease-specific tool was considered. This study cross-validates the BBI against the ALS-FTD-Q. Sixty ALS patients, 8% also meeting criteria for FTD, were recruited. All patients were evaluated using the BBI and the ALS-FTD-Q, completed by a carer. Correlational analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BBI when compared to the ALS-FTD-Q, were obtained. The mean score of the whole sample on the BBI was 11.45 ± 13.06. ALS-FTD patients scored significantly higher than non-demented ALS patients (31.6 ± 14.64, 9.62 ± 11.38; p ALS-FTD-Q was observed (r = 0.807, p ALS-FTD-Q. Good construct validity has been further confirmed when the BBI is compared to an ALS-specific tool. Furthermore, the BBI is a more comprehensive behavioural assessment for ALS, as it measures the whole behavioural spectrum in this condition.

  9. El mito en las historias de la España primitiva

    OpenAIRE

    Caballero Lopez, José Antonio

    1997-01-01

    Estudiamos en este artículo el uso del mito en las Historias de España. Pero no nos referiremos tanto a las simples alusiones míticas, cuanto a la serie de mitos y sus variantes que se utilizan en ellas con el claro objetivo de retrotraer hasta la época mítica la historia primitiva de la Península. Se quiere probar de esta manera la antigüedad de España, de su población y de la institución más preciada por la mayoría de esos historiadores, la monarquía.

  10. Plastic deformation of Al13Fe4 particles in Al-Al13Fe4 by high-speed compression

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoneyama, N.; Mizoguchi, K.; Kumai, S.; Sato, A.; Kiritani, M.

    2003-01-01

    Spray-formed Al-Fe alloys having undergone high-speed deformation were examined under a high-voltage electron microscope. Two types of specimens were examined; one containing fine Al 13 Fe 4 particles, and the other containing large particles. In the former specimen, deformation is found to proceed in three patterns, depending on specimen thickness and strain rate: (1) without deformation of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; (2) breaking of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; or (3) melting of the Al 13 Fe 4 . Local melting is found to alter some of the Al 13 Fe 4 particles, to impart five-fold symmetry in diffraction or an amorphous structure. In the latter specimen, introduction of glide dislocations enabled us to determine a shear system in the mc102 monoclinic c2/m crystal of Al 13 Fe 4 . On the bases of these observations, the mechanism of high-speed deformation is discussed while taking into account the highly stressed and/or heated states of Al 13 Fe 4 embedded in Al matrix

  11. Synthesis and characterization of pillared bentonite with Al, AL/Fe and impregnated with Pd; Sintese e caracterizacao de bentonitas pilarizadas com Al, AL/Fe e impregnadas com Pd

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silva, Marcus Vinicius Costa; Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Molina, Carmen Belen, E-mail: marcus.ufpa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Instituto de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica; Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madri (Spain)

    2017-10-01

    In this work, a north american bentonite was pillared with Al and Al/Fe, creating the Al-PILC and Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. Then the Pd was impregnated in the materials, generating Pd-Al-PILC and Pd-Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric and N{sub 2} adsorption at 77 K to determine the specific surface area by BET method (Brunauer - Emmett - Teller). There was an increase in the basal spacing of bentonite from 12.4Å in the original sample to 17.81Å in the Al-Fe-PILC, 17.20Å in Pd-Al-PILC and 17.05Å in the Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The specific surface area increased from 19.05m{sup 2}/g in the original sample to 173.49m{sup 2}/g in Al-Fe-PILC, 101.31m{sup 2}/g to Pd-Al-PILC and 92m{sup 2}/g in Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The pillaring process was successful and the synthesized materials have great potential for use as catalysts. (author)

  12. Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giridhar Pulletikurthi

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

  13. Orientation of Al3Ti platelets in Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material manufactured by centrifugal method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watanabe, Y.; Fukui, Y.

    1997-01-01

    Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded materials (FGMs) were manufactured by the centrifugal method with a commercial ingot of Al-5 mass% Ti master alloy. The alloy was melted at a liquid/solid coexisting temperature, at which Al 3 Ti remains as a solid, and then it was cast into a thick-walled ring. It was found that the Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded material can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal method. It was also found that the volume fraction of the Al 3 Ti can be increased by repetition of the centrifugal method. Since the shape of Al 3 Ti particles in a commercial alloy ingot is that of a platelet, the Al 3 Ti particles are arranged with their platelet planes nearly perpendicular to the radial direction. The orientation effects become stronger when the G number becomes larger. Although the final centrifugal casting was conducted under a very large centrifugal force for the specimen cast three times, the orientation effects were weaker than those in the specimen cast one time. From these observations, it is concluded that the origin of orientation of Al 3 Ti platelets can be attributed to the angular velocity gradient of the melt along the radial direction produced by the difference in the viscosity. (orig.)

  14. In situ synthesis of Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed TiAl powder coated with CNTs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Jian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Nash, Philip [Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL (United States); Liu, Enzuo; He, Chunnian; Shi, Chunsheng; Li, Jiajun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China)

    2013-11-25

    Highlights: •Using zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. •CNTs as carbon source decreased the formation temperature of Ti{sub 2}AlC. •Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was generated in situ from the oxygen atoms introduced in the drying procedure. •Nanosized Ti{sub 3}Al was precipitated at 1250 °C and distribute in the TiAl matrix homogeneously. •Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite was synthesized in situ by sintering pre-alloy Ti–Al coated with CNTs. -- Abstract: Bulk Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were in situ synthesized by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powders coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pre-alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powder was obtained by ball milling Ti and Al powders. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the carbon resource were covered on the surface of the pre-alloyed powders by immersing them into a water solution containing the CNTs. A zwitterionic surfactant was used to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. The samples were cold pressed and sintered in vacuum at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C, respectively. The results show that the reaction of forming Ti{sub 2}AlC can be achieved below 950 °C, which is 150 °C lower than in the Ti–Al–TiC system and 250 °C lower than for the Ti–Al–C system due to the addition of CNTs. Additionally, the reinforcement of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles was introduced in situ in Ti{sub 2}AlC/TiAl by the drying process and subsequent sintering of the composite powders. Dense Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were obtained by sintering at 1250 °C and exhibited a homogeneous distribution of Ti{sub 2}AlC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and precipitated Ti{sub 3}Al particles and a resulting high hardness.

  15. 27Al NMR studies of NpPd5Al2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chudo, H.; Sakai, H.; Tokunaga, Y.; Kambe, S.; Aoki, D.; Homma, Y.; Shiokawa, Y.; Haga, Y.; Ikeda, S.; Matsuda, T.D.; Onuki, Y.; Yasuoka, H.

    2009-01-01

    We present 27 Al NMR studies for a single crystal of the Np-based superconductor NpPd 5 Al 2 (T c =4.9K). We have observed a five-line 27 Al NMR spectrum with a center line and four satellite lines separated by first-order nuclear quadrupole splittings. The Knight shift clearly drops below T c . The temperature dependence of the 27 Al nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate shows no coherence peak below T c , indicating that NpPd 5 Al 2 is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap. The analysis of the present NMR data provides evidence for strong-coupling d-wave superconductivity in NpPd 5 Al 2 .

  16. Magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN and AlNxOy barriers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schwickert, M. M.; Childress, J. R.; Fontana, R. E.; Kellock, A. J.; Rice, P. M.; Ho, M. K.; Thompson, T. J.; Gurney, B. A.

    2001-01-01

    Nonoxide tunnel barriers such as AlN are of interest for magnetic tunnel junctions to avoid the oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. We have investigated the fabrication and properties of thin AlN-based barriers for use in low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Electronic, magnetic and structural data of tunnel valves of the form Ta (100 Aa)/PtMn (300 Aa)/CoFe 20 (20 Aa - 25 Aa)/barrier/CoFe 20 (10 - 20 Aa)/NiFe 16 (35 - 40 Aa)/Ta (100 Aa) are presented, where the barrier consists of AlN, AlN x O y or AlN/AlO x with total thicknesses between 8 and 15 Aa. The tunnel junctions were sputter deposited and then lithographically patterned down to 2 x 2μm 2 devices. AlN was deposited by reactive sputtering from an Al target with 20% - 35% N 2 in the Ar sputter gas at room temperature, resulting in stoichiometric growth of AlN x (x=0.50±0.05), as determined by RBS. TEM analysis shows that the as-deposited AlN barrier is crystalline. For AlN barriers and AlN followed by natural O 2 oxidation, we obtain tunnel magnetoresistance >10% with specific junction resistance R j down to 60Ωμm 2 . [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

  17. A study of the Al-rich part of the Al-Re alloy system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Balanetskyy, S.; Grushko, B.

    2008-01-01

    The Al-rich part of the Al-Re phase diagram was reinvestigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The earlier reported Al 12 Re, Al 6 Re, and Al 11 Re 4 phases were confirmed. Close to the Al 4 Re composition a high-temperature h-Al 4 Re and a low-temperature l-Al 4 Re phase were found to be formed at slightly different compositions. Both exhibited compositional ranges. A new phase was revealed close to the Al 3 Re composition. The Al 11 Re 4 phase is formed congruently at 1650 deg. C, Al 3 Re peritectically at 1610 deg. C, h-Al 4 Re peritectically at 1410 deg. C, l-Al 4 Re peritectically at ∼1000 deg. C, Al 6 Re peritectically at 813 deg. C and Al 12 Re peritectically at 746 deg. C. Finally, the Al 12 Re-(Al) eutectic is formed at 658 deg. C. The Al 3 Re and h-Al 4 Re are decomposed by eutectoid reactions at ∼946 and 833 deg., respectively. The structure of the h-Al 4 Re phase has not yet been clarified, but it is distinctly different from the Al 4 W phase suggested earlier. The structure of l-Al 4 Re was confirmed. The Al 3 Re phase was found to have a monoclinic structure with a = 0.5180(4) nm, b = 3.97641(9) nm, c = 0.4955(3) nm and β = 99.55(7) o

  18. Abu al-Layth al-Libi

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-02-01

    success. As an Arab participant acknowledged very early on, “the situation was really harsh. All the brothers were tired,” as they lacked food and... glorious battles that occurred during the early Islamic period.133 He stressed the importance of the battlefield as the path to achieve honor and dignity...diaspora in Waziristan. In the words of Walid Othmani, a French jihadi trained by al-Qa`ida in Waziristan in 2008, “[Al-Libi] was someone well-known and

  19. SAP-like ultrafine-grained Al composites dispersion strengthened with nanometric AlN

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Balog, M.; Krizik, P.; Yan, M.; Simancik, F.; Schaffer, G.B.; Qian, M.

    2013-01-01

    This paper reports the development of novel Sinter-Aluminum-Pulver (SAP)-like Al–AlN nanocomposites via replacing the native Al 2 O 3 thin films on fine Al powder with a large volume fraction of in situ formed nanometric AlN dispersoids. Fine gas-atomized Al powder (d 50 =1.3 µm) compacts were first partially nitrided at 590 °C in flowing nitrogen, controlled by a small addition of Sn (0.3–0.4 wt%), and subsequently consolidated by hot direct extrusion. The resulting Al–AlN composites consisted of submicrometric Al grains reinforced with nanometric AlN dispersoids together with some nanometric Al 2 O 3 dispersoids. An Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite fabricated this way achieved exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 227 MPa, yield strength of 195 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa at 300 °C, superior to typical SAP materials and coarse grained Al–AlN composites. In addition, the Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability up to 500 °C. The strengthening mechanism is discussed

  20. Analisis Kecenderungan Manhaj Akidah Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera’i

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MOHD HAIDHAR KAMARZAMAN

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i is a very great and respected scholar during 16th and 17th century of Acheh. His knowledge in various fields recognized by local and international scholars. He had been a Qadi Malik al-’Adil, a religious leader, who became a referred by communities and country during the reign of the three Sultans of Aceh. He has authored nearly 40 pieces of books related to the theology and sufism. This study focuses on the methods used by Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i in his theological writings. This study found that Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i had used six methods in the such writings.

  1. Ibn Rushd on God’s decree and Determination (al-qaḍā’, wa-l-qadar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Belo, Catarina

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available This article is based on Ibn Rushd’s chapter on God’s qaḍā’ wa-qadar, which adresses the question of predestination, as illustrative of a rationalistic approach that introduces philosophical views into an age-old religious debate. My aim is to present Ibn Rushd’s argument, which has unmistakable Aristotelian overtones; therefore, the harmonization of religion and philosophy implicit in his argument is one of the points I would like to explore in this paper. In the same way, I am interested in discussing whether Ibn Rushd’s proposed solution constitutes a middle way between two opposite positions and solves the perennial problem of determinism. The paper also discusses the issue whether he supports predestination, i.e., the view that events are predetermined by God before they happen.

    Este artículo se basa en el capítulo de Ibn Rušd sobre los atributos qaḍā’ wa-qadar de Allāh, que se ocupa del concepto "predestinación", como ejemplo de una aproximación racionalista que introduce conceptos filosóficos en un viejo debate religioso. Es mi propósito presentar el argumento de Ibn Rušhd que contiene inequívocas alusiones aristotélicas; por tanto, la armonización de la religión y la filosofía implícita en sus argumentos es uno de los puntos que trataré de explorar en este trabajo. Igualmente, estoy interesada en la cuestión de si las soluciones propuestas por Ibn Rušhd suponen un término medio entre dos posiciones enfrentadas y resuelven el eterno problema del determinismo. Este trabajo discute también si Ibn Rušhd defiende la predestinación, es decir, la cuestión de si los sucesos están predeterminados por Dios antes de que tengan lugar.

  2. Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Macwan, A.; Patel, V.K.; Jiang, X.Q.; Li, C.; Bhole, S.D.; Chen, D.L.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • The optimal welding condition is achieved at 100 J and 0.1 s. • Failure load first increases and then decreases with increasing welding energy. • The highest failure load after welding is close to that of the clad sheets. • At low energy levels failure occurs in the mode of interfacial failure. • At high energy levels failure takes place at the edge of nugget region. - Abstract: Solid-state ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets, aiming at exploring weldability and identifying failure mode in relation to the welding energy. It was observed that the application of a low welding energy of 100 J was able to achieve the optimal welding condition during USW at a very short welding time of 0.1 s for the tri-layered clad sheets. The optimal lap shear failure load obtained was equivalent to that of the as-received Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets. With increasing welding energy, the lap shear failure load initially increased and then decreased after reaching a maximum value. At a welding energy of 25 J, failure occurred in the mode of interfacial failure along the center Al/Al weld interface due to insufficient bonding. At a welding energy of 50 J, 75 J and 100 J, failure was also characterized by the interfacial failure mode, but it occurred along the Al/Mg clad interface rather than the center Al/Al weld interface, suggesting stronger bonding of the Al/Al weld interface than that of the Al/Mg clad interface. The overall weld strength of the Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets was thus governed by the Al/Mg clad interface strength. At a welding energy of 125 J and 150 J, thinning of weld nugget and extensive deformation at the edge of welding tip caused failure at the edge of nugget region, leading to a lower lap shear failure load

  3. KITAB AL-SANĪ AL-MAṬĀLIB: INTERKONEKSI NAHWU DAN TASAWUF

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zakiyah Zakiyah

    2012-12-01

    Tulisan ini mereview buku yang berjudul al-Sanī al-Maṭālib yang ditulis oleh Kiai Nur Iman Mlangi Yogyakarta. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Arab yang me­ngandung interkoneksi antara ilmu Nahwu (tata bahasa Arab dengan mis­tisis­me. Buku ini sangat menarik karena kenyataan bahwa kedua pengetahuan tersebut memiliki aturan sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu, sangat sedikit penulis yang menulis dengan gaya seperti itu. Salah satunya adalah Syaikh Abdul Qadir bin Ahmad al-Kuhany dengan karyanya yang berjudul Manniyat al-Fāqir al-Munjarid wa Sayrat al-Murīd al-Mutafarrid. Buku al-Saniy al-Muthalib diduga telah ditulis pada akhir abad ke-18 atau awal abad ke-19, menurut periode kehidupan Kiai Nur Iman yaitu sekitar pertengahan abad ke-18. Aturan Nahwu dalam buku ini dijelaskan secara teosofi yang dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai tauhid (keesaan Tuhan sebagai kajian dasar bagi orang Islam, yang diikuti dengan makna dari masing-masing aturan bahasa Arab dalam aspek mistiknya.

  4. ¿Representar o simular? Esa es la pregunta, los límites de la representación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virginia Guarinos

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La aparición de nuevos modos y medios de expresión y comunicación del último siglo han implicado una nueva manera de afrontar las formas de representación. Todas ellas, vinculadas al universo del ocio desde el punto de vista del consumidor y del negocio desde la visión del productor, suponen unas maneras de representar la realidad muchas veces poco relacionadas con la representación en el sentido de actuación y muy vinculadas al fingimiento, a la simulación cuando no a la mentira. La revisión de los términos y/o de los conceptos nos llevará a reflexionar sobre el factor humano y sus nuevas relaciones sociales con respecto al teatro y sobre el teatro en relación a las actuales maneras de reinventar roles de un modo no profesional.

  5. Earth and Heavens: Two Separate Universes? (Spanish Title: Tierra y Cielos: ¿Dos Universos Separados?) Terra e Céus: Dois Universos Separados?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carrascosa, Jaime; Gil-Pérez, Daniel; Solbes, Jordi; Vilches, Amparo

    2005-12-01

    The study of gravitation constitutes an exceptional occasion to show the richness and complexity of science and technology, contemplating, among other things: the problematic situations which are at the heart of the scientific knowledge, the difficulties encountered in the construction of knowledge and, especially, the necessity of overcoming "common-sense evidence" that proclaimed the existence of an insurmountable barrier between Earth and Heavens, hindering scientific development during many centuries. In this paper we present a program of activities to orient the study of Gravitation atUpperHigh School, favoring students' participation in the reconstruction of this first scientific revolution and giving them the opportunity to see the importance of Astronomy both in the history of science and today. El estudio de la gravitación constituye una ocasión excepcional para mostrar la ciencia y la tecnología en toda su riqueza y complejidad, considerando, entre otros aspectos:Las situaciones problemáticas relevantes que llevaron a la construcción de los conocimientos,las dificultades de todo tipo con las que hubo que enfrentarse y, muy en particular,la necesidad de superar las "evidencias de sentido común" que establecían una supuesta barrera infranqueable entre la Tierray los Cielos y que obstaculizaron durante siglos el desarrollo científico. En este trabajo presentamos un programa de actividades para el estudio de la gravitación en la secundaria superior, orientado a favorecer la participación de los estudiantes, en alguna medida, en la reconstrucción de este proceso que constituyó la denominada primera gran revolución científica y asomándonos al estudio de una de las ciencias más antiguas, la Astronomía, que hoy sigue despertando gran interés. O estudo da gravitação constitui uma ocasião excepcional para mostrar a ciência e a tecnologia em toda sua riqueza e complexidade, considerando, entre outros aspectos: as situações problem

  6. Rekonstruksi Konsep Ijtihad: Studi Pemikiran Ben’umar tentang al-Ijtihad fi al-Waqi’

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Duski Ibrahim

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi’. This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi’ is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i, by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr. Because experts know the nash purposes, while researchers and scientists (al-khubara` know the reality (al-waqi’, the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect and challenges (tahaddiyat. The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic. At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to developed, for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi’ comes from theory about the functions of nash, al-manath theory in Islamic law, and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.

  7. Massa do gás e das estrelas em aglomerados: eficiência da formação estelar

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laganá, T. F.; Lima Neto, G. B.

    2003-08-01

    Os aglomerados de galáxias apresentam um interesse especial para a cosmologia observacional. Eles são as maiores estruturas ligadas pela gravitação no Universo e relaxadas na região central. A comparação entre a massa do gás intra-aglomerado (responsável por ~25% da massa total, inferida a partir de observações em raios-X), a massa contida nas estrelas (i.e., nas galáxias) e a massa total (incluindo a matéria escura não bariônica), nos dá informações importantes sobre os processos de formação e evolução de aglomerados. Por exemplo, a razão entre a massa do gás e a massa total é uma medida da fração de bárions no Universo (razão entre a matéria bariônica e matéria escura) e, utilizando a densidade de bárions predita pela nucleosíntese primordial, podemos deduzir a densidade de matéria escura no Universo (cf. White et al. 1993). O objetivo deste trabalho é obter as razões entre as massas do gás, estelar (contida nas galáxias), e a total (massa dinâmica). As massas do gás e total são obtidas a partir das análises fotométrica e espectroscópica em raios-X enquanto que a massa estelar é obtida pela análise fotométrica das galáxias. Esta análise foi aplicada ao aglomerado Abell 496 observado pelo satélite XMM-Newton. A massa contida nas galáxias foi estimada a partir da função de luminosidade obtida por Durret et al. (2002). Para determinar as massas dinâmica e do gás nos precisamos determinar os perfis radiais de densidade e temperatura. Nós apresentaremos aqui estes resultados e suas implicações na eficiência da formação estelar em Abell 496.

  8. "NECROPSIA DE BOLIVAR y SEMBLANZA DE REVEREND" DEDICADA AL SESQUICENTENARIO DE LA MUERTE DEL LIBERTADOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Peralta Cayón

    1984-11-01

    Full Text Available

    En asocio de los académicos Serpa Flórez y Rueda Pérez, PONENCIA extractada con el título de "Autopsia de Bolívar practicada por Reverend".


    I. Planteamientos.
    II. Material y métodos.
    III. Resumen, comentarios: paralelos, conclusiones.
    IV. Bibliografía.
    I. Planteamientos
    En mi libro, "Pro-Santa Marta, historial en pasado, presente y futuro" año 1975, escribí que la autopsia de Bolívar practicada por Alejandro Próspero Reverend, en San Pedro Alejandrino, no envidiaba a la de Napoleón por Francisco Antommarchi, en Santa Elena,
    sin plagio alguno en duda maliciosa.
    Al ser recibido en calidad de miembro de la Academia de Historia del Magdalena, le promoví en adición un estudio sobre las que consideraba trascendentales "en el valle de lágrimas" del universo, al agregar cuatro más para reunir un programa de seis, aunque hubiese que destacar con el cuarteto nombrado, el horror y protesta ante la alevosía cobarde del crimen o misterio políticos, con ocultamiento de la autoría intelectual,
    dudas sobre identidad, número de actuantes materiales, prevalencia de la impunidad, más fracaso de catalogadas comisiones investigadoras, como Scotland Yard y Warren.

    Así surgieron las de Rafael Uribe Uribe, con narrativa clínico-patológica erudita. La de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán con abnegación particular de médicos colombianos, sin intervención de la medicina forense por estar destruido el orden institucional, más posterior exhumación
    para definir judicialmente un problema de balística.
    La de John F. Kennedy, perversidad de técnica moderna con precisión desconcertante y cruel de la mira telescópica. Y la de Salvador Allende resultó frustración adquisitiva por razones complejas, y se agotaron los medios para lograr el protocolo correspondiente.
    En lexicografía y etimología médicas, autopsia, nombre tradicional, es el examen anat

  9. Study of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg and 26Al(n,α)23Na reactions using the 27Al(p,p')27Al inelastic scattering reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benamara, S; De Séréville, N; Hammache, F; Stefan, I; Roussel, P; Ancelin, S; Assié, M; Guillot, J; Le Crom, B; Lefebvre, L; Adsley, P; Laird, A M; Barton, C; Diget, C; Fox, S; Coc, A; Deloncle, I; Hamadache, C; Kiener, J; Lefebfre-Schuhl, A

    2016-01-01

    26 Al was the first cosmic radioactivity ever detected in the galaxy as well as one of the first extinct radioactivity observed in refractory phases of meteorites. Its nucleosynthesis in massive stars is still uncertain mainly due to the lack of nuclear information concerning the 26 Al(n,p) 26 Mg and 26 Al(n,α) 23 Na reactions. We report on a single and coincidence measurement of the 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(p) 26 Mg and 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(α) 23 Na reactions performed at the Orsay TANDEM facility aiming at the spectroscopy study of 27 Al above the neutron threshold. Fourteen states are observed for the first time within 350 keV above the 26 Al+n threshold. (paper)

  10. AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Li Xiaomin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Song Zhenlun [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)], E-mail: songzhenlun@nimte.ac.cn

    2009-11-15

    AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

  11. AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei; Li Xiaomin; Song Zhenlun

    2009-01-01

    AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

  12. Los espacios de la cocina mexicana al albor del siglo XX: La creación alquímica de olores, sabores y texturas

    OpenAIRE

    Arana López, Gladys Noemí

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este documento fue la comprensión integral de la cocina como el espacio de la vivienda en donde se amalgaman múltiples prácticas culturales, en donde lo intangible se vuelve materia y en donde lo material se vuelve incorpóreo. El universo de estudio se conformó por aquellas cocinas localizadas en las casas de la élite mexicana entre los años 1886-1916, y se analizó con el cuerpo herramental empleado para el estudio de la vida cotidiana en conjunción con los utilizados...

  13. Al-Si/Al2O3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhang Jing

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al. The microstructure was observed by means of OM, SEM and TEM. The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix, and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements. The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix. However, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa, or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix. The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC and thermodynamic calculation. The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps. First, CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy, and second, Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature. At ZL109 casting temperature of 750–780 ℃, the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.

  14. AlGaN nanocolumns and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ristic, J.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.A.; Ulloa, J.M.; Calleja, E. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez-Paramo, J.; Calleja, J.M. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Jahn, U.; Trampert, A.; Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)

    2002-12-01

    This work reports on the characterization of hexagonal, single crystal AlGaN nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30 to 100 nm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The change of the flux ratio between the Al and the total III-element controls the alloy composition. The Al composition trend versus the Al flux is consistent both with the E{sub 2} phonon energy values measured by inelastic light scattering and the luminescence emission peaks position. High quality low dimensional AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with five GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, embedded into the AlGaN columns, were designed in order to study the quantum confinement effects. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  15. Factores asociados al consumo de tabaco en una población de adultos Risk factors associated with tobacco consumption in an adult population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virginia Corina Samaniego

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación se planteó identificar factores asociados a la adicción al tabaco. El abordaje se basó en una articulación entre el paradigma transteorético de Prochaska y la perspectiva comunitaria de la salud pública. El universo lo constituyeron los integrantes de escuelas estatales para adultos del Partido de Avellaneda, Provincia de Buenos Aires. El total de la muestra fue de 888 sujetos. Se trabajó por censo. Se evaluaron los factores que se asociaban al consumo de tabaco en la población diana y de las variables que definían la fase en que se encontraban los sujetos según el modelo Transteorético de Prochaska. En nuestra población a diferencia de lo encontrado por Prochaska, existe una proporción mayor de sujetos en etapa de precontemplación (51,8%. Además, dentro del síndrome de abstinencia, predomina el síntoma de ansiedad. Por último, son las situaciones de afecto negativo las que provocan mayor tentación de fumar.The aim of this research was to identify the risk factors associated with tobacco addiction in an adult popu-lation. It was the first stage of a broader intervention field study. It was based in the articulation between the Transtheoretical Model of Change of Prochaska and the Public Health Community Perspective. The population were members of Public Schools for adults settled on the Avellaneda's district, in Buenos Aires province, 888 individuals composed the whole sample. We worked by census. A meaningful result is that in our population there is a bigger proportion of individuals in the Precontemplation stage (51,8% than in the U.S.A. Prochaska had demonstrated that approximately 40% of smokers were in this stage in that country. Another finding has been that within the abstinence syndrome, the anxiety symptom prevails. Lastly, negative emotion situations are the ones that tempts people to smoke more.

  16. KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Ardy Zaini

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

  17. Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    YU Huashun; CHEN Hongmei; MA Rendian; MIN Guanghui

    2006-01-01

    The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon-and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2+C2H2+NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time.It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

  18. The formation of AlB2 in an Al-B master alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Xiaoming

    2005-01-01

    The formation of borides in an Al-3 wt.%B master alloy, produced via chemical reactions of KBF 4 and aluminium has been investigated. The chemical reactions produce boron, which dissolves into molten aluminium and subsequently forms aluminium borides. Backscattered electron imaging (BEI) of the Al-3 wt.%B master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of two types of phases that contain different levels of boron. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the two types of phases are identified as AlB 2 on AlB 12 . This gives a direct evidence for a peritectic reaction of AlB 12 and aluminium, which produces AlB 2 . The thermodynamic properties of the reactions that may be involved are examined, and the presence of AlB 12 phase in the master alloy explained. The observed microstructure is explained according to the peritectic reaction in an Al-B phase diagram. The stability of AlB 2 and AlB 12 at lower temperature than 975 deg. C is clarified

  19. Construction and evaluation of multi-component Zn-Al based bearing alloys (Zn-Al-Si, Zn-Al-Cu)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shahmiri, M.; Shahin, K.

    2001-01-01

    Zn-Al based alloys, with excellent mechanical properties, are finding increasing applications in various industries, especially bearing and bushing fields. Observed dimensional instabilities, in their multicomponent systems, (e. g. Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al Si-Cu), is believed to be as the result of some kinds of phase transformation, due to the temperature variations, while in service. Profound understanding of the phase transformations due to the temperature variation, requires detailed evaluations of the isothermal sections of the multi-components phase diagrams of Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al-Si-Cu alloy systems. In the present article, the isothermal sections of the aforementioned ternary and quaternary systems in the solid state regions have been investigated and observed phase transitions have been critically evaluated

  20. The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2 H4- Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lundell, Katie A; Zhang, Xinxing; Boldyrev, Alexander I; Bowen, Kit H

    2017-12-22

    The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si 2 H 4 , demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Haoran; Mazumder, Baishakhi; Bonef, Bastien; Keller, Stacia; Wienecke, Steven; Speck, James S.; Denbaars, Steven P.; Mishra, Umesh K.

    2017-11-01

    In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (Al x Ga1-x N) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.

  2. KRITIK ATAS KRITIK EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR M. ABIED AL JABIRI: Studi Kritis atas Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmad Fawaid

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper critically views the epistemology of Muhammad Abid al Jabiri’s interpretation in his book, Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim. His latest work is projected to make the Quran relevant to mankind today and with certainly critiquing classical Quranic studies that have been constructed by previous scholars. Starting from Arab criticism, which is expected to synergize the gap between Turath and modernity, al Jabiri tried out his theory in the realm of Quranic studies oriented to maintain its originality and interpretation from sectarian influence. Focusing on al Jabiri’s review on the Quran, this paper examines and associates some of the problems with the epistemology of critique in Arab reasoning. Finally, it is inferred that the epistemologic offer of al Jabiri used in Turath is not fully applicable in Quranic studies for several reasons. First, the Quranic studies existed within the chain of sanad in its formation. Secondly, at the application stage, al Jabri often overlooked the sanad and narrations from the companions.

  3. Eficacia de la crema de aloe al 25 % en la estomatitis subprotésica grado II Efficacy of 25% aloe cream in treating second degree denture stomatitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Idalia Camps Mullines

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo clínico terapéutico (fase II, aleatorio, en la consulta de prótesis dental del Hospital Militar Docente “Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany”, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la terapia antiinflamatoria con crema de aloe al 25 % sobre la mucosa afectada por estomatitis subprótesis grado II en pacientes portadores de prótesis con bases acrílicas tanto totales como parciales. El universo estuvo constituido por 120 pacientes que acudieron a nuestro servicio en el período de septiembre del 2005 a octubre del 2006. Se establecieron 2 grupos: uno de estudio y otro de control, con 60 integrantes cada uno. Al primer grupo se le aplicó la crema de aloe al 25 % hasta su curación, al segundo grupo se le indicó tratamiento convencional. En ambos se le retiraron los aparatos protésicos y se evaluaron a partir del tercer día hasta su curación. Se comprobó que la curación de la lesión se producía aproximadamente en 7 días en el grupo estudio, no así en el grupo control, donde los pacientes requirieron de un tiempo mayor para la desaparición de estos síntomas, lo que demuestra que el tratamiento con la crema de aloe al 25 % en la estomatitis subprótesis es eficaz , por lo cual recomendamos su uso a largo plazo.A phase II, randomized therapeutical clinical assay was carried out in the denture service of “Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany” teaching military hospital to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory 25% aloe cream therapy on the mucosa affected by second degree denture stomatitis in denture wearers having total or partial acrylic supports. The universe of study was made up of 120 patients who went to this Service from September 2005 to October 2006. Two groups were formed: a study group and a control group with 60 cases each. 25% aloe cream was administered to the first group till total remission whereas the second group received the standard treatment. Dentures were removed in both groups. The

  4. Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

  5. Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

    2016-08-15

    Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

  6. Dakwah Kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Kayu Khas Melayu Palembang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reza Pahlevi

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap berbagai fenomena yang menggambarkan serangkaian kegiatan dakwah kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. Sehingga dapat diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai upaya penerapan program yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, pertama kontribusi Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang terhadap perkembangan metode dakwah kultural adalah dakwah melalui seni. Kedua, Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang sebagai tempat Wisata Religi yang sangat signifikan.   This research tries to reveal the various phenomenon that describe a series of cultural propaganda activities Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. In order to obtain some informations about the efforts of the implementation of the program in question. It can be concluded, the first contribution of Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang on the development of methods of cultural propaganda is propaganda through art. Second Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang as a very significant Religious Tourism.

  7. Un repaso por el origen y una mirada puesta en el presente. ¿Qué tiene para ofrecernos el periodismo digital?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Mónica Tejera Cruz

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available El fenómeno de Internet no pasa inadvertido a ningún mortal. Mucho menos cuando se dedican al mundo de la comunicación. Para los periodistas, la aparición de la Red y el desarrollo de la Word Wide Web ha venido a coquetear con su ansia de comunicar, informar, expresar; a fin de cuentas, transmitir mensajes. El desarrollo de la tecnología ha puesto en bandeja de plata un nuevo soporte que permite llegar a las personas a través de los ordenadores y abre un universo de posibilidades para explotar, pero que al mismo tiempo hay que entender y asimilar. Un repaso hacia el origen de un nuevo medio con el que ya convivimos y una mirada puesta en el presente de su desarrollo vertiginoso.

  8. Optical phonon scattering on electronic mobility in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, X. J.; Qu, Y.; Ban, S. L.; Wang, Z. P.

    2017-12-01

    Considering the built-in electric fields and the two-mode property of transverse optical phonons in AlGaN material, the electronic eigen-energies and wave functions are obtained by solving Schrödinger equation with the finite difference method. The dispersion relations and potentials of the optical phonons are given by the transfer matrix method. The mobility of the two dimensional electron gas influenced by the optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures is investigated based on the theory of Lei-Ting force balance equation. It is found that the scattering from the half-space phonons is the main factor affecting the electronic mobility, and the influence of the other phonons can be ignored. The results show that the mobility decreases with increasing the thicknesses of Al2O3 and AlN layers, but there is no definite relationship between the mobility and the thickness of AlGaN barrier. The mobility is obviously reduced by increasing Al component in AlGaN crystal to show that the effect of ternary mixed crystals is important. It is also found that the mobility increases first and then decreases as the increment of the fixed charges, but decreases always with increasing temperature. The heterostructures constructed here can be good candidates as metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistors since they have higher electronic mobility due to the influence from interface phonons weakened by the AlN interlayer.

  9. Al2O3 adherence on CoCrAl alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kingsley, L.M.

    1980-04-01

    Adherence of protective oxides on NiCrAl and CoCrAl superalloys has been promoted by a dispersion of a highly oxygen reactive element or its oxide being produced within the protection system. Two aspects of this subject are investigated here: the use of Al 2 O 3 as both the dispersion and protective oxide; and the production of an HfO 2 dispersion while simultaneously aluminizing the alloy. It was found that an Al 2 O 3 dispersion will act to promote the adherence of an external scale of Al 2 O 3 to a degree comparable to previously tested dispersions and an HfO 2 dispersion comparable to that produced by a Rhines pack treatment is produced during aluminization

  10. Tipologías domésticas y técnicas constructivas en la primitiva Gasteiz (País Vasco durante los siglos VIII al XII d.C.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Azkarate Garai-Olaun, Agustín

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper provides a summary of the development of architecture and built spaces in the largest urban centre in the Basque Country in the early middle ages. Of the many aspects that make up the signifiers and significances of the domestic universe, this paper only approaches the material aspect; that is, its spatial layout and building techniques. Four models that succeed each other are documented: separate domestic spaces, more compact domestic spaces, the unitary house and storeyed house. It also warns against the danger of abusive generalizations caused by flat, static images of the medieval domestic universe.En este trabajo se expone, de manera sintética, la evolución de la arquitectura y de los espacios construidos en el principal centro urbano del País Vasco durante el Medievo más temprano. El contenido del artículo atiende únicamente a la dimensión física de cuantas conforman los significantes y significados del universo doméstico (su configuración espacial y sus técnicas constructivas, documentando hasta cuatro modelos que se suceden en el tiempo (los espacios domésticos desagregados, los espacios domésticos más compactos, la casa unitaria y la casa en altura y advirtiendo, en consecuencia, sobre los riesgos derivados de las generalizaciones abusivas que generan imágenes planas y estáticas del universo doméstico de época medieval.

  11. Tracing Al Shabaab’s Decision to Cooperate with Al Qaeda in Somalia (2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adlini Ilma Ghaisany Sjah

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available 'Al Shabaab, a Somali insurgent with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnational [global Jihad] and Islamic goals made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with Al Shabaab’s previous behaviour of actively denying cooperation and distancing itself from Al Qaeda. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab’s decision through the use of process-tracing. The results show that Al Shabaab’s declaration of cooperation with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about by a series of events that traced back to four factors: public reactions to the implementation of a Salafi ideology, the shift to a radical leadership, Al Shabaab’s inability to maintain stability in areas under its control and its increasing attacks by Al Shabaab on the Somali public. Al Shabaab pursued cooperation with Al Qaeda after realizing that their nationalistic preference was no longer achievable in the near future.' ' '

  12. Representación fílmica del universo posmoderno, un caso ilustrativo: Nueve Reinas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Gómez Moragas

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Análisis textual del filme Nueve Reinas (Argentina, 2000 de Fabián Bielinsky, el cual parte de la siguiente hipótesis: Nueve Reinas es una alegoría nacional de la crisis ética en el ejercicio del poder político en el capitalismo tardío. En tal sentido, el filme puede ser considerado representativo del cine posmoderno de resistencia, ya que sugiere con respecto al cine posmoderno hegemónico otra forma de arreglo entre representación y realidad social. La conjetura a definir es la especificidad de esta relación y cómo, mediante recursos narrativos del cine clásico y de la alegoría, el filme organiza una forma peculiar de resistencia cultural.

  13. All About ALS

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Subscribe August 2015 Print this issue All About ALS Understanding a Devastating Disorder En español Send us ... Sports Concussions Wise Choices How Can I Help ALS Research? If you have ALS, join the National ...

  14. Atomistic simulations of diffusion mechanisms in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni3Al

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duan, Jinsong

    2007-01-01

    This paper presents dynamics simulation results of diffusion in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni 3 Al (Ni 73 Al 27 ) at temperature ranging from 1300 to 1550 K. The interatomic forces are described by the Finnis-Sinclair type N-body potentials. Particular attention is devoted to the effect of the extra 2% of Al atoms sitting on the Ni sublattice as antisite point defects (Al Ni ) on diffusion. Simulation results show that Ni atoms mainly diffuse through the Ni sublattice at the temperatures investigated. Al atoms diffuse via both the intrasublattice and antistructure bridge (ASB) mechanisms. The contribution to Al diffusion from the ASB mechanism decreases at the lower temperature (T Ni ) enhances both Al and Ni diffusion in Ni 73 Al 27 . The Ni-Al coupled diffusion effect is observed and understood at the atomic level for the first time

  15. Viviré con su nombre, morirá con el mío de Jorge Semprún: Reconfiguración y síntesis del universo narrativo de Buchenwald (o El Lager explicado al gran público

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Raquel Macciuci

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available Viviré con su nombre, morirá con el mío de Jorge Semprún, la cuarta y por el momento última novela del ciclo dedicado a narrar la experiencia de deportado en el campo de concentración de Buchenwald, retoma la perspectiva y los motivos principales de los tres libros que la anteceden. Sin embargo, como es propio de la escritura del autor madrileño, las con tinuidades no impiden que cada novela tenga sus rasgos peculiares y reconocibles. En el texto objeto de atención en el presente artículo las señas de identidad descansan sobre dos planos: el primero afecta a la materia del relato y deviene de una visión sumaria que reúne y reorganiza los ejes temáticos precedentes; el segundo se origina en innovaciones diversas en el discurso narrativo que había venido cultivando el autor, híbrido y rebelde al canon de la novela clásica. El resultado es una novela más accesible al gran público y más cercana a las tendencias de la narrativa española actual

  16. Viviré con su nombre, morirá con el mío de Jorge Semprún: Reconfiguración y síntesis del universo narrativo de Buchenwald (o El Lager explicado al gran público

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Raquel Macciuci

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available Viviré con su nombre, morirá con el mío de Jorge Semprún, la cuarta y por el momento última novela del ciclo dedicado a narrar la experiencia de deportado en el campo de concentración de Buchenwald, retoma la perspectiva y los motivos principales de los tres libros que la anteceden. Sin embargo, como es propio de la escritura del autor madrileño, las con tinuidades no impiden que cada novela tenga sus rasgos peculiares y reconocibles. En el texto objeto de atención en el presente artículo las señas de identidad descansan sobre dos planos: el primero afecta a la materia del relato y deviene de una visión sumaria que reúne y reorganiza los ejes temáticos precedentes; el segundo se origina en innovaciones diversas en el discurso narrativo que había venido cultivando el autor, híbrido y rebelde al canon de la novela clásica. El resultado es una novela más accesible al gran público y más cercana a las tendencias de la narrativa española actual

  17. Methodology and Characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsirby AllamaIbn al-Jawzī (Urdu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Muhammad Riaz al Azhari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of AllamaIbn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbabal-Nuz┴l,Makki and MadaniSurah’s (chapters, the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikhwal-mans┴kh and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described. `

  18. Phenotypic and genotypic studies of ALS cases in ALS-SMA families.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Corcia, Philippe; Vourc'h, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Couratier, Philippe; Dangoumau, Audrey; Bellance, Remi; Desnuelle, Claude; Viader, Fausto; Pautot, Vivien; Millecamps, Stephanie; Bakkouche, Salah; Salachas, FranÇois; Andres, Christian R; Meininger, Vincent; Camu, William

    2018-03-01

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most frequent motor neuron disorders in adulthood and infancy, respectively. There is a growing literature supporting common pathophysiological patterns between those disorders. One important clinical issue for that is the co-occurrence of both diseases within a family. To collect families in which ALS and SMA patients co-exist and describe the phenotype and the genotype of ALS patients. Nine families with co-occurrence of SMA and ALS have been gathered over the last 15 years. Epidemiological, phenotype and genetic status were collected. Out of the nine families, six corresponded to the criteria of familial ALS (FALS). Clinical data were available for 11 patients out of the 15 ALS cases. Mean age of onset was 58.5 years, site of onset was lower limbs in nine cases (81.8%), median duration was 22 months. Four ALS patients carried a mutation: three mutations in SOD1 gene (G147N in two cases and one with E121G) and one repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene. Three patients had abnormal SMN1 copy numbers. While the high proportion of familial history of ALS cases in these ALS-SMA pedigrees could have suggested that these familial clusters of the two most frequent MND rely on a genetic background, we failed to exclude that this occurred by chance.

  19. Eutectic microstructures of Al-ThA13 and Al-UA14 alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vieira, R.R.; Ambrozio Filho, F.

    1990-01-01

    This paper deals on the microstructures of systems Al-ThAl3 and Al-UAL4, which are composed by a non faceted phase (aluminium) and an intermetallic phase (ThAl3 or UAL4) which is normally faceted phase. (C.M.)

  20. Diario de una infancia. Mariana

    OpenAIRE

    Casal, Silvana

    2017-01-01

    Resumen: Este artículo está centrado en el análisis del diario de infancia que una de mis entrevistadas, Mariana, escribió durante su niñez en la dictatorial República Argentina a partir del secuestro de su padre, producido en 1977, situación que dio pie al exilio familiar en México. Mariana nos permite entrar en su universo, conocer sus sentimientos y emociones, y acercarnos -a través de sus palabras plasmadas en las cartas que le escribe a su padre desaparecido- a su vida cotidiana y a trav...

  1. Enseñar matemáticas en educación infantil a través del juego. Observación e intervención en un aula de 4 años.

    OpenAIRE

    Crespo-Pistoni, María Teresa

    2012-01-01

    El lector que se acerque a este trabajo encontrará una aproximación acerca de algunas de las posibilidades y dificultades que ofrece el juego colectivo como instrumento de aprendizaje de las matemáticas en infantil en un aula concreta. El trabajo nace con vocación de poder servir de material de reflexión en torno al diseño de sesiones de trabajo en el campo de las matemáticas, desde una perspectiva constructivista, dotada de significado para el universo del niño y centrada en el juego. Preten...

  2. Fluctuaciones cuánticas y cosmología

    Science.gov (United States)

    Calzetta, E.

    El objetivo de la charla es repasar 1) los motivos para creer que el Universo pasó por una etapa inflacionaria antes del período dominado por la radiación, durante la cual se habrían formado las fluctuaciones primordiales en la densidad de energía que luego colapsaron para formar estructuras cosmológicas 2) los mecanismos que crearon dichas fluctuaciones a partir de fluctuaciones cuánticas del campo del ``inflaton" durante dicho período y 3) los problemas abiertos en el estudio de modelos inflacionarios, especialmente respecto al inicio y final del mismo.

  3. Análisis del proceso que condujo a la construcción del concepto de explotación inserto en el Protocolo para prevenir, reprimir y sancionar la trata de personas, incorporado a la legislación colombiana a través de la Ley 800 de 2003

    OpenAIRE

    González Marín, Laura Lucía

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo de grado es describir una disputa política por el significado del concepto de explotación en el marco de la redacción del “Protocolo para prevenir, reprimir y sancionar la trata de personas, especialmente mujeres y niños”, en el cual se define aquello que se entiende por trata de personas. La construcción de este concepto excluye e invisibiliza otros tipos de explotación comunes en el sistema de producción capitalista contemporánea que pertenecen al universo de vio...

  4. Estudio sobre la incidencia del síndrome de Burnout en los niveles de bajo desempleño académico de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil.

    OpenAIRE

    Loor Ortiz, Shirley Liliana

    2015-01-01

    Se estudió el universo de 74 estudiantes de la Carrera de Medicina de la U.C.S.G. elegidos por estar en el V ciclo (período crítico), en el cual comienzan a realizar prácticas conjuntamente con el estudio teórico, que contestaron el Inventario de Maslach con la finalidad de estimar si hay presencia del síndrome de Burnout, y si este se halla en relación al desempeño académico. El Burnout estudiantil puede presentar un problema de desempeño y evolucionar desfavorablemente causando dificultades...

  5. Ensino da odontogeriatria nas faculdades de odontologia do sul e centro-oeste do Brasil: situação atual e perspectivas = Teaching of geriatric dentistry in Brazilian universities current situation the south and western

    OpenAIRE

    Saintrain, Maria Vieira de Lima; Souza, Eliane Helena Alvim de; Caldas Júnior, Arnaldo de França

    2006-01-01

    Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar a situação do ensino da Odontologia Geriátrica nas faculdades de Odontologia do Sul e Centro-Oeste brasileiro. O Universo foi constituído pelas 24 escolas das regiões e constantes da relação do INEP/200 1, como forma de se garantir que apenas participassem do estudo alunos, de fato, cio último ano ou período do curso. Além dos estudantes, participaram os coordenadores dos cursos. Para cálculo da amostra (aleatória estratificada), adotou-se um interval...

  6. Estructura y estilo de guiones corales y génesis del guión del largometraje coral cusco affair

    OpenAIRE

    Calero Gamarra, Joel

    2014-01-01

    Las narraciones fílmicas más usuales, como las literarias, constituyen un amplio filón de registros, fabulaciones y exploraciones de universos o microcosmos cuya escala va de lo estrictamente individual a lo más colectivo o social. Ahora bien, en cualquiera de esos extremos, o en alguno de los términos intermedios de ese amplio espectro, lo usual es que una película asigne un peso preponderante a uno o más personajes y subordine los otros a esa elección previa. Eso suele ocurrir al margen de ...

  7. Curva dos valores normais de peso fetal estimado por ultra-sonografia segundo a idade gestacional

    OpenAIRE

    Cecatti,José Guilherme; Machado,Maria Regina Marrocos; Santos,Fernanda Fioravanti Azank dos; Marussi,Emílio Francisco

    2000-01-01

    Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução do peso fetal estimado em gestações normais de 20 a 42 semanas. Quanto ao desenho e métodos empregados na pesquisa, realizou-se estudo descritivo de um universo constituído por 2.874 gestantes normais da cidade de Campinas, efetuando-se exame ultra-sonográfico obstétrico de rotina com medida da biometria fetal e utilizando-se, para o cálculo do peso fetal, a fórmula de Hadlock et al. (1991). Calcularam-se os valores dos percentis 10, 50 e 90 ...

  8. The Measure your World / Mide tu Mundo Project

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hojman, S.; Johnson, R. M.; Meymaris, K. K.; Ward, D. L.; Russell, R.; Genyuk, J.; Lagrave, M.; Henderson, S.; Ostrosky, J.; Martinez, M.

    2007-12-01

    Over 22 centuries ago Erathostenes devised a method to determine the Earth radius. Measure your World / Mide tu Mundo is a joint venture lead by Windows to the Universe/Ventanas al Universo in the United States of America, EducaRed in Chile and RedEscolar in Mexico seeking to partner teams of students, teachers and parents from the three countries in a collaborative effort to determine the Earth circumference by sharing the results of their measurements, and exchanging cultural information. Data are collected from September 29 through October 7, 2007. A report of the whole experience will be presented.

  9. La miseria de la literatura: el mal en las representaciones de los escritores de La literatura nazi en América, Estrella distante y la no ficción de Roberto Bolaño

    OpenAIRE

    Villacreses Benavides, Norman Xavier

    2016-01-01

    La obra y la figura como escritor de Roberto Bolaño es uno de los espacios de investigación de los estudios literarios más importantes en la actualidad. Esto se debe tanto a la repercusión de su ficción dentro de la narrativa hispanoamericana contemporánea como a sus posiciones frente al ejercicio de la literatura. Esta investigación se ha propuesto hallar de qué forma se generan las representaciones del mal dentro del universo literario de Bolaño y cuál es su funcionamiento, tomando como ele...

  10. El hombre-canasto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguelángel Epeeyüi López-Hernández

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available El concepto 'Canasto' se asume en tanto es virtud de ser lenguaje espacio-tiempo, que configura el origen (... del mundo en el hacer de la vida. La construcción humana en la cotidianidad, en el espacio común colectivo, requiere de enlaces e interpretaciones con esos otros mundos o dimensiones que rodean al Hombre desde la invisibilidad... este lenguaje teje y enlaza el espacio breve y tangible del humano con el espacio infinito del universo.  El hombre-canasto representa la comunicación circular de la memoria de todo lo existente.

  11. Comportamiento de algunos factores de riesgos asociados a la aparición del cáncer cervicouterino en un área de salud

    OpenAIRE

    Amaro Hernández, Francisco; Polo Cardoso, Katia; Mendoza del Pino, Mario; Pi Pareta, Leidy; Cardoso Nuñez, Oscarlyns

    2003-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio analítico y retrospectivo de casos y controles pareados sobre el comportamiento de algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la aparición del cáncer cervicouterino en el Policlínico Docente Rural X Aniversario, Camalote. La investigación se efectuó desde el 1 de enero de 1998 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2000. El universo para la toma de la muestra estuvo representado por el total de pacientes que se realizaron la citología orgánica en este período, lo que obedeció al progra...

  12. Ecología microbiana en ambientes extremos

    OpenAIRE

    Aguilera Bazán, María de los Angeles

    2015-01-01

    La Astrobiología es una nueva disciplina dedicada al estudio los orígenes de la vida en la Tierra y en cualquier lugar del universo, así como de su evolución, distribución y futuro. Esta nueva área de estudio multidisciplinario unifica las ciencias físicas y biológicas dirigiéndose a algunas de las preguntas más fundamentales de la naturaleza, entre las que se encuentran las relacionadas con el origen la vida, como se produjo y cuáles son sus mecanismos de evolución. Uno de los aspectos e...

  13. Comportamiento de la atención médica en el subsistema de urgencia

    OpenAIRE

    Planas Borrero, Ana; Hardy González, Enma; Pérez Richard, Mireya; Coello Morales, Delfín

    2000-01-01

    Se realiza un estudio descriptivo con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento de la atención médica en el subsistema de urgencia del Policlínico 28 de Septiembre, de Santiago de Cuba, en el período comprendido de enero a julio 1998. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los pacientes que acudieron al Policlínico principal de urgencia, que ascendió a un total de 25 630 a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta con variables de interés como son: enfermedades más frecuentes, casos atendidos según días...

  14. Interface reactions in the Al-Si-SiC and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Johnson, P.K. [Commission of the European Communities, Petten (Netherlands). Inst. for Advanced Materials; Fazal-Ur-Rehman [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Fox, S. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Flower, H.M. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; West, D.R.F.

    1995-12-31

    Structural and compositional observations are reported on the influence of the interfaces on the mechanisms and kinetics of liquid metal-ceramic reactions in Al-SiC, Al-Si-SiC, Mg-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites. The aluminium based materials contained up to 20 vol% SiC in particulate form, and were produced by a spray casting process; subsequently the interface reactions were studied in samples heated to temperatures up to 1100 C. The reaction product was Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} in both Al-SiC and Al-Si-SiC composites. The influence of the crystallography and topology of the SiC particle surfaces on the nucleation of the Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} has been demonstrated; surface asperities play an important role. Growth of nuclei proceeds to form continuous reaction product layers which control the subsequent kinetics. The magnesium based composites contained 5 vol% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} fibres (3 {mu}m in diameter), and were produced by a liquid infiltration process. SD Safimax fibres with relatively low and high porosity, and also RF Saffil fibres, with a silica binder, were investigated. Fibre porosity plays a major role in accelerating the penetration of Mg into the fibres with reaction to form MgO. Silica binder on the fibre surface transforms to MgO. The reaction rate was reduced by the presence of aluminium in the matrix. The factors controlling the reactions in the aluminium and magnesium based composites are compared. (orig.)

  15. KONSTRUKSI FIQH BUKHARI DALAM KITAB AL-JAMI’ AL-SHAHIH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdul Sattar

    2011-06-01

    Popularitas Imam Bukhari sebagai penyusun kitab Hadits memiliki posisi yang tinggi di kalangan masyarakat muslim. Kitab Al-Jami ‘al-Shahih karya Imam  Bukhari dianggap sebagai koleksi hadits terbaik setelah Quran. Namun, tidak ada banyak informasi tentang kemampuannya di bidang Hukum Islam (fiqh. Ada beberapa pertanyaan yang dapat diajukan dalam hal tersebut;  pertama, apakah pemikiran Imam Bukhari dipengaruh salah satu dari empat fuqaha Sunni saat menulis al-Jami ‘al-Shahih?. Kedua, apa yang diupayakan Imam Bukhari untuk mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif, verifikatif dan hermenetical, artikel ini akan mengungkapkan bahwa Imam Bukhari tidak berada di bawah pengaruh madhab tertentu dalam mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam. Dia mengartikulasikan pandangannya dengan cara yang unik dan execelent berdasarkan kapasitasnya sebagai muhaddits.

  16. La "historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus" en los Masalik al-Absar

    OpenAIRE

    Molina, Luis

    2005-01-01

    [ES]Los Masalik al-absar de Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari incluyen un breve resumen de la Historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus. En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones textuales entre ese pasaje y el Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan, crónica que resulta ser la fuente casi única utilizada por al-`Umari para redactar ese capítulo. [EN]The Masalik al-absar by Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari contains a brief summary of the Umayyad history in al-Andalus. In this article, the textual relationship between this p...

  17. Cryptanalysis of Lin et al.'s Efficient Block-Cipher-Based Hash Function

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Liu, Bozhong; Gong, Zheng; Chen, Xiaohong; Qiu, Weidong; Zheng, Dong

    2010-01-01

    Hash functions are widely used in authentication. In this paper, the security of Lin et al.'s efficient block-cipher-based hash function is reviewed. By using Joux's multicollisions and Kelsey et al.'s expandable message techniques, we find the scheme is vulnerable to collision, preimage and second

  18. From Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq to Kitāb al-dawā’ir: Reconsidering Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī’s Philosophical Treatise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliyahu, Ayala

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The philosophical treatise known as Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq is generally ascribed to the 12th century Andalusian author Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī, although this attribution is sometimes contested. This paper offers a new interpretation of the title, textual history, authorship, sources, and literary genre of this treatise, on the basis of new textual evidence, a reexamination of known evidence, and a comparison between the treatise and Batalyawsī’s works. The conclusions of this study are first, that Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq was not the treatise’s original title, and therefore it should be renamed Kitāb al-dawā’ir; second, that Kitāb al-dawā’ir was originally part of (one of the versions of Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-masā’il; and third, that the textual and stylistic similarities between this treatise and Batalyawsī’s other works prove the authenticity of the treatise’s attribution to Batalyawsī. In addition, new findings regarding Batalyawsī’s use of formulas from the Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Safā, in Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il provide further evidence for the deep impact of the Ikhwān on Batalyawsī’s thought, as well as for the close connection between Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il. This connection is further highlighted according to the attribution of both treatises to the genre of questions and answers in Arabic literature. The evidence gathered in this paper supports the claim that Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-dawā’ir should be seen as an integral part of his literary oeuvre, as well as of Andalusian philosophical literature in general.Generalmente el tratado filosófico conocido como Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq se asocia al autor andalusí del siglo XII Ibn al-Sid al-Batalyawsī, aunque esta atribución ha sido discutida en ocasiones. Este artículo ofrece una nueva interpretación del título, la historia del texto, la autoría, las fuentes e incluso del género literario al que se

  19. Theory and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Aluminum Coordination Complexes – Al K-Edge Studies of Charge and Bonding in (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlR2, and (BDI)AlX2 Complexes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Altman, Alison B; Pemmaraju, C D; Camp, Clément; Arnold, John; Minasian, Stefan G; Prendergast, David; Shuh, David K; Tyliszczak, Tolek

    2015-08-19

    Polarized aluminum K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and first-principles calculations were used to probe electronic structure in a series of (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlX2, and (BDI)AlR2 coordination compounds (X = F, Cl, I; R = H, Me; BDI = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-diketiminate). Spectral interpretations were guided by examination of the calculated transition energies and polarization-dependent oscillator strengths, which agreed well with the XANES spectroscopy measurements. Pre-edge features were assigned to transitions associated with the Al 3p orbitals involved in metal-ligand bonding. Qualitative trends in Al 1s core energy and valence orbital occupation were established through a systematic comparison of excited states derived from Al 3p orbitals with similar symmetries in a molecular orbital framework. These trends suggested that the higher transition energies observed for (BDI)AlX2 systems with more electronegative X(1-) ligands could be ascribed to a decrease in electron density around the aluminum atom, which causes an increase in the attractive potential of the Al nucleus and concomitant increase in the binding energy of the Al 1s core orbitals. For (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 the experimental Al K-edge XANES spectra and spectra calculated using the eXcited electron and Core-Hole (XCH) approach had nearly identical energies for transitions to final state orbitals of similar composition and symmetry. These results implied that the charge distributions about the aluminum atoms in (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 are similar relative to the (BDI)AlX2 and (BDI)AlMe2 compounds, despite having different formal oxidation states of +1 and +3, respectively. However, (BDI)Al was unique in that it exhibited a low-energy feature that was attributed to transitions into a low-lying p-orbital of b1 symmetry that is localized on Al and orthogonal to the (BDI)Al plane. The presence of this low-energy unoccupied molecular orbital on electron-rich (BDI)Al distinguishes

  20. Superestructuras en el universo: caracterización e identificación en el catálgo SDSS-DR7

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luparello, H. E.; Lares, M.; García Lambas, D.; Padilla, N.

    Superclusters are the largest gravitationally bound systems in the Universe. These structures are not presently virialized, so the application of theoreti- cal arguments in their identification is not straightforward. Luparello et al., (2011) present an identification method and establish the values of the pa- rameters in order to ensure that superstructures in the present Universe will evolve into virialized structures. In this work we define and characterize the largest structures in the Universe, in the framework of the cosmological model CDM. We briefly describe the Future Virialized Structures (FVS) identification method applied to the seventh data release of the Sloan Dig- ital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR7, Abazajian et al., 2009) in the redshift range 0.04 < z < 0.12 and present the main properties of the FVS catalogue. FULL TEXT IN SPANISH

  1. Thermodynamic properties of Al-Mn, Al-Cu, and Al-Fe-Cu melts and their relations to liquid and quasicrystal structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zaitsev, A I; Zaitseva, N E; Shimko, R Yu; Arutyunyan, N A; Dunaev, S F; Kraposhin, V S; Lam, Ha Thanh

    2008-01-01

    Thermodynamic properties of molten Al-Mn, Al-Cu and Al-Fe-Cu alloys in a wide temperature range of 1123-1878 K and the whole range of concentrations have been studied using the integral effusion method and Knudsen mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic functions of melts were described by the associated solution model. The possibility of icosahedral quasicrystal (i-QC) precipitation from liquid Al-Mn and Al-Cu-Fe alloys was found to be a consequence of the existence in liquid associates (clusters). A geometric model is suggested for the structure of associates in liquid

  2. O leitor e as ‘fronteiras’ do universo fantástico na obra A República 3000, de Menotti del Picchia = The reader and the ‘borders’ of the fantastic universe in the book A República 3000, from Menotti del Picchia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiano Mello de Oliveira

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available No presente artigo pretendemos descortinar as relações entre os elementos fantásticos na obra A República 3000, do escritor Menotti del Picchia. Primeiramente iremos realizar uma breve recapitulação de alguns aspectos da literatura fantástica no Brasil. Posteriormente faremos recortes textuais, objetivando assim discutir aqueles que aproximem a linguagem com o universo fantástico. Tomaremos como referencial teórico os estudos de autores como Todorov e Carvalho. Também teceremos considerações sobre o comportamento do leitor diante dessa obra ímpar.This article aims to scrutinize the relationship of the fantastic elements in Menotti del Picchia’s work A República 3000. Firstly, we will briefly look at some aspects inherent to the Fantastic Literature in Brazil. Then we will select some excerpts whose language are closely related to the fantastic world. The theoretical framework draws on Todorov and Carvalho. We will also consider the possible reader’s degree of behavior in relation to the aforementioned masterpiece.

  3. Ipotesi : l'universo come "membrana"

    CERN Multimedia

    Durante, Elisabetta

    2003-01-01

    The Deparment of Physics at the University "La Sapienza" of Roma awarded a prestigious prize to Lisa Randall from Harvard University for her research in the field of high energy physics: the model of the universe as a membrane - the idea of a universe (space-time) with many dimensions (1 page)

  4. El Universo a alto redshift

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alonso, M. V.

    The Universe we see today is the result of structures and galaxies that have been evolving since earlier times. Looking the evolution of the galaxy population at z ˜ 1 has emphasized the important role played by high redshift data. This is the case of the morphology - density relationship, where the morphological type of galaxies in distant clusters has given us a clear vision of evolutionary processes, partly led by environmental effects. I review part of the data available at high redshifts that are fundamental today to check the validity of galaxy formation models in reproducing local and basic galaxy properties. Briefly, I will comment about high redshift studies, a still little explored portion of the Universe, and the current strategies that allow us the study. In this sense, the epoch of reionization is essential for understanding the formation of structures because it is the phase where the first protogalaxies were formed, creating stars and enriching the intergalactic medium. Because of the great distances involved in these studies, gamma-ray bursts, quasars and Lyman-α galaxies are the best tools to study these earlier times. FULL TEXT IN SPANISH

  5. Il nuovo volto dell'universo

    CERN Document Server

    Radicati di Brozolo, L A

    1994-01-01

    Quale realtà indaga la più avanzata scienza odierna? Con quali strumenti concettuali opera? Dai contributi di alcuni fisici italiani emerge un'immagine del mondo radicalmente rinnovata. Petrillo, R. Rozzi, G. Sapelli, A. Savignano, L. Sicca, F. Silari, P. Toninelli, M. Vasta, G. Zanetti. mal di mare. Il velista che dispone di una imbarcazione progettata e equipaggiata secondo gli standard degli anni '90, con un'accurata preparazione, sarà in grado di unirsi alla schiera di navigatori famosi che sono sopravvissuti a condizioni ambientali proibitive.

  6. La fisica dell'universo iniziale

    CERN Document Server

    Maiani, Luciano

    1994-01-01

    1. Introduzione ; 2. Strutture ; 3. Il moto di Hubble e la connessione cosmica ; 4. Solo tre neutrini ; 5. Materia oscura ; 6. Le fluttuazioni del fondo cosmico ; 7. La rottura della simmetria e il bosone di Higgs ; 8. Il progetto LHC ; 9. Ancora sulla rottura della simmetria ; 10. Conclusioni.

  7. Descubrir el universo desde Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Duque Escobar, Gonzalo

    2009-01-01

    Los dos hechos científicos más relevantes en la corta historia de Colombia, son la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada y la Misión Corográfica. Hoy cuando los astrónomos, entre otros asuntos que se ubican en la frontera del conocimiento, intentan conocer la geometría del espacio, la naturaleza de la materia oscura y los misterios del tiempo, en Colombia nuestros científicos tienen pendiente entre otros aportes para la construcción de la Nación, apoyar tareas fundamentales y es...

  8. Arquitectura en el Universo Online

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Fernandez Garcia

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El uso de las TICs en la formación y práctica del arquitecto es el motivo principal de la investigación que se lleva a cabo en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Universidad de Granada (ETSAG desde la fundación en 2006 de la plataforma online de colaboración CityWiki y la irrupción en los metaversos a partir de 2007. Este texto es una recapitulación de lo acontecido y una descripción del momento en que nos encontramos. Una reflexión sobre el escenario cambiante en el que discurre la práctica y docencia de la arquitectura con el advenimiento de las TICs.

  9. Sintering Behavior of CNT Reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 Nanocomposites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nouari Saheb

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Ball milling and spark plasma sintering were successfully used to produce carbon nanotube reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 nanocomposites which have potential applications in the fields of aerospace, automotive, electronics, and high precision instrumentation. Al2124 and Al6061 nanocomposite powders containing 0.5 to 2 wt.% CNTs prepared through sonication and wet ball milling were spark plasma sintered at 400, 450, and 500°C for 20 minutes under a pressure of 35 MPa. CNTs were better dispersed, and less agglomerated and had good adhesion to the matrix in composites containing 1 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNT content to 2 wt.% led to the formation of CNT clusters which resulted in less uniform and homogenous composite powders. Almost full densification of Al6061 reinforced with CNTs was achieved at 500°C. Also, CNTs reinforced Al2124 nanocomposites reached very high densities at 500°C. Composites reinforced with 1 wt.% CNTs displayed better densification compared to composites containing 2 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNTs content from 0.5 to 1 wt.% increased the hardness of the Al6061 and Al2124 alloys to maximum values. Further increase of CNTs content to 2 wt.% decreased the hardness to values lower than that of the monolithic alloys.

  10. Tetragonal phase in Al-rich region of U-Fe-Al system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meshi, L.; Zenou, V.; Ezersky, V.; Munitz, A.; Talianker, M.

    2005-01-01

    A new ternary aluminide U 2 FeAl 20 with the approximate composition Al-4.2at% Fe-8.5at% U was observed in the Al-rich corner of the U-Al-Fe system. Transmission electron microscopy and electron microdiffraction technique were used for characterization of the structure of this phase. It has a tetragonal unit cell with the parameters a=12.4A and c=10.3A and can be described by the space group I4-bar 2m

  11. Ilhaq al-Masa'il bi Nazairiha dan Penerapannya dalam Bahth al-Masa'il

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luthfi Hadi Aminuddin

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract: Ilh}a>q al-Masa>’il bi Naz}a>iriha is one of the methods used by Nahdlatul Ulama in resisting the opinion based on (manhaji analytical concept of Islamic jurisprudence (the solution for complex social problems as the main purpose of Islamic shari’ah. As known that, up to now, ilh}a>q has been understood as a process of answering a new case by the way of equating to the old one which is written in the book called al-mu’tabarah. Such ilh}a>q has got many criticisms both from the definitions, procedures and its epistemogical footing. This paper is about to reveal how the NU clerics of Islam understand the concept of Ilh}a>q}, what its epistemological footing was and how the concept was applied in discussing many cases (bah}th al-masa>’il. Based on the writer’s study to several documents of decision results of NU that Ilh}a>q did not only simplify to equate the new cases with the old ones that have been freely discussed in the books of al-mu’tabarah, but both cases should have similar legal substance, that is, both should be under the decrees of laws of al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Thus, Ilh}a>q is actually answering the problem by applying al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah, whereas the formulation al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah itself was set off from the examination of a number of furu>’ generated by qiya> s. This paper also found three variations of the implementation of Ilh}a>q in bah}th al-masa>’il. First, the application of Ilh}a>q was without mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah which covered new cases (mulh}aq and the old case law that has been known in the books of fiqh (mulh}aq bih/attached to. Second, the application of Ilh}a>q was accompanied by mentioning mulh}aq bih and al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Third, the application of Ilh}a>q, was only by the mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah.

  12. Fenomenología cosmológica de cuerdas p-ádicas (Cosmological phenomenology of p-adic strings)

    OpenAIRE

    Sanfrutos Carreras, Mario

    2011-01-01

    En esta memoria se analiza el modelo de cuerdas p-ádicas a temperatura finita desde un punto de vista cosmológico. En particular, se estudia la evolución de sus propiedades termodinámicas en un universo en expansión. La dependencia de la temperatura del fluido p-ádico con el factor de escala del universo y su contenido de energía es fundamental para la comprensión del fluido p-ádico como el origen de la inflación en el universo más temprano o como energía oscura en la evolución cosmológica ta...

  13. COSMOLOGIA INFLACIONARIA DESDE UN VACIO APARENTE PENTA-DIMENSIONAL

    OpenAIRE

    Madriz Aguilar, José Edgar

    2012-01-01

    Uno de los pilares de la cosmología moderna es la teoría inflacionaria del universo. Hasta finales de los 70’s el modelo cosmológico estándar era el modelo de la gran explosión. Sin embargo este modelo no podría explicar, entre otras cosas, el origen de la estructura en el universo. Una solución que se dió a este problema fue incluir en el modelo cosmológico estándar un período de expansión acelerada superlumínica en el universo temprano llamado inflación. El primer modelo inflacionario fue ...

  14. Nanoindentation studies of ex situ AlN/Al metal matrix nanocomposites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fale, Sandeep; Likhite, Ajay; Bhatt, Jatin

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Formation of in-situ phases nucleated on AlN particles strengthens the matrix. • Formation of in-situ phases increases with AlN content in nanocomposites. • Stronger in-situ phases results in increased hardness and modulus of elasticity. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline Aluminium nitride (AlN) powder is dispersed in different weight ratio in Aluminum matrix to fabricate metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) using ex situ melt metallurgy process. The synthesized Al–AlN nanocomposites are studied for phase analysis using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and for hardness behavior using microindentation and nanoindentation tests. Quantitative analysis of the oxide phases is calculated from thermodynamic data and mass balance equation using elemental data obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results. Role of oxide phases in association with AlN particles is investigated to understand the mechanical behavior of composites using nanoindentation tester. Load–displacement profile obtained from nanoindentation test reveals distribution of oxide phases along with AlN particle and their effect on indent penetration

  15. Isothermal cross-sections of Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems at 673 K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kutsenok, N.L.; Yanson, T.I.

    1987-01-01

    X-ray and microstructural analyses are used to study phase equilibria in Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems. Existence of SrAl 2 Ge 2 , Sr(Al, Ge) 2 Ba(Al, Ge) 2 , Sr 3 Al 2 Ge 2 , Ba 3 Al 2 Ge 2 ternary compounds is confirmed, a new BaGe 4 binary compound and also new ternary compounds of approximate composition Sr 57 Al 30 Ge 13 and Ba 20 Al 40 Ge 40 , which crystal structure is unknown, are detected. Aluminium solubility in SrAl 4 and BaAl 4 binary compounds (0.05 atomic fraction) is determined. Ba(Al, Ge) 2 compound homogeneity region is defined more exactly (aluminium content varies from 0.27 to 0.51 at. fractions)

  16. Production of 26Al by spallation of Fe, Si, Al nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paillard, P.

    1977-01-01

    Cross sections for 7 Be, 10 Be and 26 Al formation in Al, Si and Fe targets bombarded with 0.6 and 24GeV protons have been measured by using highly selective chemical separation and low level background counters. Results for 26 Al at 0.6GeV are in mb: 17.9 + or - 2.7 in Al, 12.5 + or - 2.5 in Si and 0.45 + or - 0.14 in Fe; at 24GeV 2.6 + or - 0.5mb in Fe. Results for 10 Be are not valid on account of experimental difficulties. It is deduced from these values of aluminium in cosmic ray propagation that 26 Al is not yet cosmic ray chronometer [fr

  17. 143 - 148_Makeri et al.

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    2015-06-01

    Jun 1, 2015 ... Yuan et al., 2003), antimicrobial activity (Sundarrao et al., 1993; Betancur-Galvis et al., 1999; Takashi et al., 2006), anti-parasitic, anti-malarial activities (Alali et al., 1998; Jaramillo et al., 2000; Luna et al.,. 2005). This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of extract of stem –bark and leaf extracts of Annona.

  18. Phase relationships in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Ligang; Masset, Patrick J.; Cao Fuyong; Meng Fangui; Liu Libin; Jin Zhanpeng

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er in Al-rich region with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. → The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results. → It can be found that the resultant thermodynamic database can be applied to case studies of as-cast alloys, showing that the literature thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Er system is reliable as a working basis for computer-assisted alloy design. - Abstract: The Al-rich region of the ternary Al-Cu-Er system is investigated using the method of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Phase equilibria in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system at 673 K have been obtained, and the microstructures of as-cast alloys in the Al-rich region are also investigated. One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results.

  19. Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sherafat, Z.; Paydar, M.H.; Ebrahimi, R.; Sohrabi, S.

    2010-01-01

    In the present study, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material were investigated. The two-phase materials were fabricated by mixing commercially pure Al powder with Al7075 chips and consolidating the mixture through hot extrusion process at 500 o C. Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of the fabricated samples were evaluated using tensile and compression tests. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the fracture surface of the samples including different amount of Al powder, after they were fractured in tensile test. The results of the tensile and compression tests showed that with decreasing the amount of Al powder, the strength increases and ductility decreases. Calculation of work hardening exponent (n) indicated that deformation behavior does not follow a regular trend. In a way that the n value was approved to be variable and a strong function of strain and Al powder wt% of the sample. The results of the fractography studies indicate that the type of fracture happened changes from completely ductile to nearly brittle by decreasing the wt% of Al powder from 90% to 40%.

  20. A Scholar from Saray: Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353–791/1389 in the Biographical Dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365–845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D.R. Zaynuddinov

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Research objective: to introduce into academic circulation previously unknown source on the Golden Horde history. Research materials: biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365 – 845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book. Results and novelty of the research: This article contains materials from the works of historians engaged in the narrative biography, which V.G. Tiesenhausen did not include in his “Collection of Materials on the Golden Horde history (extract from Arab writings”, although their writings contain very valuable information about the Golden Horde History. Research novelty consists in the fact that the author of this article presents one paragraph from biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi, whose article number 421 provides information about a scholar from Saray – Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi. The author provides its translation and commentary referring to the more than ten medieval Arab sources. After receiving basic education at home, Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi traveled to many Eastern countries in search of knowledge and after having received high recognition he settled in Cairo as a teacher of Sharia Sciences. Despite the fact that his life was interrupted at an early age (36 years, he left a deep mark in science. His son Muhibbu al-Din (Cairo, 791/1389 – Mecca, Friday, the 3rd of Dhu al-Hijjah 859/13 November 1455 also became a great scholar as well as an imam of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay himself and other sultans after him. Nisba al-Sarayi sounded on the lips of the Ulema of the East as a symbol of learnedness and high temper. As a result of research it must be said that the study of life of Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353 – 791/1389 and the number of migrants from Desht-i Kipchak in Egypt will help researchers in a deeper and more detailed study of the Golden Horde history.

  1. Improved AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Grown on Si Substrates Using Stacked AlGaN/AlN Interlayer by MOCVD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Yong; Yu Nai-Sen; Li Ming; Lau Kei-May

    2011-01-01

    AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are grown on 2-inch Si (111) substrates by MOCVD. The stacked AlGaN/AlN interlayer with different AlGaN thickness and indium surfactant doped is designed and optimized to relieve the tensile stress during GaN epitaxial growth. The top 1.0μm GaN buffer layer grown on the optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer shows a crack-free and shining surface. The XRD results show that GaN(002) FWHM is 480 arcsec and GaN(102) FWHM is 900 arcsec. The AGaN/GaN HEMTs with optimized and non-optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer are grown and processed for comparison and the dc and rf characteristics are characterized. For the dc characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, maximum drain current density I dss of 737mA/mm, peak transconductance G m of 185mS/mm, drain leakage current density I ds of 1.7μA/mm, gate leakage current density I gs of 24.8 μA/mm and off-state breakdown voltage V BR of 67 V are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/10/1/1 μm. For the small signal rf characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, current gain cutoff frequency f T of 8.3 GHz and power gain cutoff frequency f max of 19.9 GHz are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/100/1/1 μm. Furthermore, the best rf performance with f T of 14.5 GHz and f max of 37.3 GHz is achieved with a reduced gate length of 0.7μm. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  2. Apropiación y uso de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC en la prensa migrante de las colectividades andinas en la Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia E. Melella

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available El uso de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC como Internet, han transformado formas de organización social en las comunidades de migrantes. Sin embargo, la apropiación y uso de tecnologías por parte de estos colectivos no es un fenómeno nuevo. En la Argentina, la prensa de la inmigración es un antecedente de la apropiación de tecnología por parte de estos grupos. Los usos de saberes que tienen que ver con el universo del periodismo gráfico conviven con aquellos que se circunscriben al universo de la Internet. Este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre la apropiación de las TIC por parte de las comunidades de migrantes andinos en la Argentina y su convivencia con otras prácticas de comunicación precedentes a partir de dos periódicos de inmigrantes que tienen presencia en la Web. Utilizamos una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de discurso y de contenido (con herramientas de la semiótica contemporánea de los sitios Web y dominios de Facebook de Gaceta del Perú (colectividad peruana y Renacer (colectividad boliviana.

  3. Konsepsi Ibnu Jarir Al-Tabari Tentang Al-Qur’an, Tafsir Dan Ta’wil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.M Ismatulloh

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this research is to describe the concept of Ibnu Jarir al-Tabari about al-Qur’an, tafsir and ta’wil. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari is an outstanding expert in the classic Islamic tradition. His knowledge in hadits, fiqh, lughah, history, and tafseer is unquestionable. This study uses an analytical descriptive design. The findings show that: Firstly, in defining al-Qur’an, al-Tabari focused on the al-Qur’an as an Arabic language text, not in other language. Secondly, al-Qur’an is written in sab’ah ahruf. It means that there are 7 different kinds of language with the same meaning. Thirdly, al-Qur’an comes from seven heaven’s door. Fourthly, there is no different word between tafseer and ta’wil. They have same meaning. These concepts are different to other concepts proposed by other ulama.

  4. Predicting glass-forming compositions in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gargarella, P.; de Oliveira, M.F.; Kiminami, C.S.; Pauly, S.; Kuehn, U.; Bolfarini, C.; Botta, W.J.; Eckert, J.

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → The glass-forming ability of the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems was studied using the λ* and the λ.Δe criteria. → Both criteria predicted with just 1% at. of error the best glass-former verified so far in the Al-La system. → Four new glass-former compositions could be predicted in the Al-La-Ni system using the λ.Δe criterion. → The best glass-former reported so far in the Al-La-Ni system was found. - Abstract: In this work, a criterion considering the topological instability (λ) and the differences in the electronegativity of the constituent elements (Δe) was applied to the Al-La and Al-Ni-La systems in order to predict the best glass-forming compositions. The results were compared with literature data and with our own experimental data for the Al-La-Ni system. The alloy described in the literature as the best glass former in the Al-La system is located near the point with local maximum for the λ.Δe criterion. A good agreement was found between the predictions of the λ.Δe criterion and literature data in the Al-La-Ni system, with the region of the best glass-forming ability (GFA) and largest supercooled liquid region (ΔT x ) coinciding with the best compositional region for amorphization indicated by the λ.Δe criterion. Four new glassy compositions were found in the Al-La-Ni system, with the best predicted composition presenting the best glass-forming ability observed so far for this system. Although the λ.Δe criterion needs further refinements for completely describe the glass-forming ability in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems, the results demonstrated that this criterion is a good tool to predict new glass-forming compositions.

  5. Electric quadrupole moments of neutron-rich nuclei {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kameda, D., E-mail: kameda@ribf.riken.jp; Ueno, H. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Asahi, K.; Nagae, D.; Takemura, M.; Shimada, K. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Yoshimi, A.; Nagatomo, T.; Sugimoto, T. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Uchida, M.; Arai, T.; Takase, K.; Suda, S.; Inoue, T. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Murata, J.; Kawamura, H. [Rikkyo University, Department of Physics (Japan); Watanabe, H. [Australian National University, Department of Nuclear Physics (Australia); Kobayashi, Y.; Ishihara, M. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan)

    2007-11-15

    The electric quadrupole moments for the ground states of {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al have been measured by the {beta} ray-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance method. Spin-polarized {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al nuclei were obtained from the fragmentation of {sup 40}Ar projectiles at E/A = 95 MeV/nucleon, and were implanted in a single crystal {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stopper. The measured Q moment of {sup 32}Al, |Q({sup 32}Al)| = 24(2) mb, is in good agreement with a conventional shell-model calculation with a full sd model space and empirical effective charges, while that of {sup 31}Al is considerably smaller than the sd calculations.

  6. The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markoli, B.; Spaic, S.; Zupanic, F.

    2001-01-01

    The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation (α Al , β Si , Al 3 Sm, Al 2 Si 2 Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L → α Al + β Si + Al 2 Si 2 Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al 3 Sm → α Al + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm → α Al + Al 2 Si 2 Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

  7. Disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON, Al10O3N8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Banno, Hiroki; Funahashi, Shiro; Asaka, Toru; Hirosaki, Naoto; Fukuda, Koichiro

    2015-01-01

    The disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON (Al 10 O 3 N 8 ) was determined by combined use of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The title compound is hexagonal with space group P6 3 /mmc (Z=2) and the unit-cell dimensions are a=0.307082(5) nm, c=5.29447(8) nm and V=0.432376(12) nm 3 . The structural model showed the positional disordering of three of the six Al sites in the unit cell. The reliability indices calculated from the Rietveld method were R wp =6.97%, S (=R wp /R e )=1.68, R p =5.45%, R B =5.13% and R F =4.56%. We interpreted the disordered structure of 20H-AlON as a statistical average of six different types of ordered structural configurations, which are composed of an octahedral [Al(O, N) 6 ] layer and tetrahedral [Al(O, N) 4 ] layers. We demonstrated the high correlations between the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions and the octahedral layer concentrations for AlON and SiAlON polytypoids. - Graphical abstract: Variations of a and c/(n O +n T ) with n O /(n O +n T ). The a and c are the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions of AlON, SiAlON and AlN. The n O and n T are, respectively, the numbers of octahedral and tetrahedral layers in the unit cells. The unit-cell dimensions in literature are plotted in black plus for AlON and black cross for SiAlON. The unit-cell dimensions of AlN are a=0.3110 nm and c=0.4980 nm. - Highlights: • Crystal structure of Al10O3N8 is determined by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. • The atom arrangements are represented by the split-atom model. • Six types of ordered atom arrangements are derived from the disordered structure. • Hexagonal unit-cell dimensions changed systematically for AlON and SiAlON compounds

  8. Prinsip Pendidikan Karakter dalam Islam: Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Al-Ghazali dan Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agus Setiawan

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available The impelemtantion of character education that is done by the Indonesian government recently has been provoked by al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji long ago. It was proven by some written thoughts of al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They were very famous scientists in their era and widely welknown as educational experts who produced some phenomenal thoughts many people use today. Al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji lived in the era of Bani Abbasiyah monarchy, but Both of them lived in different era. Al-Ghazali was born first, then Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They had different mazhab, al-Ghazali went to the traditional principle of mazhab Syafi’I and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji went to the modern principle of mazhab Hanafi. The differences, of course, would create a different thought. Still, they might have a similar principle of Islamic character education. The thoughts of character education of al-Ghazali have been poured in the “Ayyuha Walad” focusing to the students’ character building characterized by religiously obedient, skillfull of general and religious knowledge, socially helpful, affectionate, generous, good citizen, and coloring the society. Some applicable thoughts of character education of Ayyuha al-Walad of al-Gazhali to the contemporary education are: the balance of the happiness purposes of the recent life and the life after death, qana’ah and tawakal, affectionate, caring other, patience, honesty, philanthrophy, social works, generousity, democratic, peace makers, and patriotic. Those characters are also directed in the islamic character education nowdays. So that, the thoughts of al-Ghazali positively and responsively are absorbed by the Indonesian government to build the national character widely implementing in the national curriculum based on the local wisdom and the Islamic values. In the end, the students are able to live happily based on the Islamic rules by implementing the good behavior. Similar to the al

  9. FRACTIONAL RECRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN DIRECTLY COLD ROLLED Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc AND Al-Mg-Sc-Zr ALLOY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. S. Kaiser

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The evaluation of texture as a function of recrystallization has been characterized for directly cold rolled Al-6Mg, Al-6Mg-0.4Sc and Al-6Mg-0.4Sc-0.2Zr alloys. Samples were annealed isothermally at 400 °C for 1 to 240 minutes to allow recrystallization. Recrystallization kinetics of the alloys is analyzed from the micro-hardness variation. Isothermally annealed samples of aluminum alloys were also studied using JMAK type analysis to see if there exists any correlation between the methods. Recrystallization fraction behavior between two methods the scandium added alloys show the higher variation due to precipitation hardening and higher recrystallization behavior. The scandium and zirconium as a combined shows the more variation due to formation of Al3(Sc, Zr precipitate. From the microstructure it is also observed that the base Al-Mg alloy attained almost fully re-crystallized state after annealing at 400 °C for 60 minutes

  10. Chemical failure modes of AlQ3-based OLEDs: AlQ3 hydrolysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knox, John E; Halls, Mathew D; Hratchian, Hrant P; Schlegel, H Bernhard

    2006-03-28

    Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III), AlQ3, is used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as an electron-transport material and emitting layer. The reaction of AlQ3 with trace H2O has been implicated as a major failure pathway for AlQ3-based OLEDs. Hybrid density functional calculations have been carried out to characterize the hydrolysis of AlQ3. The thermochemical and atomistic details for this important reaction are reported for both the neutral and oxidized AlQ3/AlQ3+ systems. In support of experimental conclusions, the neutral hydrolysis reaction pathway is found to be a thermally activated process, having a classical barrier height of 24.2 kcal mol(-1). First-principles infrared and electronic absorption spectra are compared to further characterize AlQ3 and the hydrolysis pathway product, AlQ2OH. The activation energy for the cationic AlQ3 hydrolysis pathway is found to be 8.5 kcal mol(-1) lower than for the neutral reaction, which is significant since it suggests a role for charge imbalance in promoting chemical failure modes in OLED devices.

  11. Study on Mg/Al Weld Seam Based on Zn–Mg–Al Ternary Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liming Liu

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Based on the idea of alloying welding seams, a series of Zn–xAl filler metals was calculated and designed for joining Mg/Al dissimilar metals by gas tungsten arc (GTA welding. An infrared thermography system was used to measure the temperature of the welding pool during the welding process to investigate the solidification process. It was found that the mechanical properties of the welded joints were improved with the increasing of the Al content in the Zn–xAl filler metals, and when Zn–30Al was used as the filler metal, the ultimate tensile strength could reach a maximum of 120 MPa. The reason for the average tensile strength of the joint increasing was that the weak zone of the joint using Zn–30Al filler metal was generated primarily by α-Al instead of MgZn2. When Zn–40Al was used as the filler metal, a new transition zone, about 20 μm-wide, appeared in the edge of the fusion zone near the Mg base metal. Due to the transition zones consisting of MgZn2- and Al-based solid solution, the mechanical property of the joints was deteriorated.

  12. Optical, structural, and nuclear scientific studies of AlGaN with high Al composition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Tse Yang; Chung, Yee Ling; Li, Lin; Yao, Shude; Lee, Y. C.; Feng, Zhe Chuan; Ferguson, Ian T.; Lu, Weijie

    2010-08-01

    AlGaN epilayers with higher Al-compositions were grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on (0001) sapphire. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylaluminium (TMAl) and NH3 were used as the source precursors for Ga, Al, and N, respectively. A 25 nm AlN nucleation layer was first grown at low-temperature of 590 °C at 300 Torr. Followed, AlxGa1-xN layers were grown at 1080 °C on low-temperature AlN nucleation layers. The heterostructures were characterized by a series of techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Precise Al compositions were determined through XRD, RBS, and SEM combined measurements. Room Temperature Raman Scattering spectra shows three major bands from AlGaN alloys, which are AlN-like, A1 longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, and E2 transverse optical (TO) band, respectively, plus several peak comes from the substrate. Raman spectral line shape analysis lead to an optical determination of the electrical property free carrier concentration of AlGaN. The optical properties of AlGaN with high Al composition were presented here.

  13. Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of Al--Nb and Al--Ta thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rai, A.K.; Bhattacharya, R.S.; Mendiratta, M.G.; Subramanian, P.R.; Dimiduk, D.M.

    1988-01-01

    Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of thin, alternating layers of Al and Nb, as well as Al and Ta, were investigated by selected area diffraction and Rutherford backscattering. The individual layer thicknesses were adjusted to obtain the overall compositions as Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta. The films were ion mixed with 1 MeV Au + ions at a dose of 1 x 10 16 ions cm/sup -2/ . Uniform mixing and amorphization were achieved for both Al--Nb and Al--Ta systems. Equilibrium crystalline Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases were formed after annealing of ion mixed amorphous films at 400 0 C for 6 h. Unmixed films, however, remained unreacted at 400 0 C for 1 h. Partial reaction was observed in the unmixed film of Al--Nb at 400 0 C for 6 h. After annealing at 500 0 C for 1 h, a complete reaction and formation of Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases in the respective films were observed. The influence of thermodynamics on the phase formation by ion mixing and thermal annealing is discussed

  14. Effect of elevated Al and pH on the growth and root morphology of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat seedlings in an acid soil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Md. Toufiq Iqbal

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Aluminium ion (Al3+ toxicity and hydrogen ion (H+ activity are the major constraints for plant growth in acid soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pH and Al on the growth response and changes in root morphology of Al-tolerant (ET8 and Al-sensitive (ES8 wheat seedlings. Different levels of AlCl3 and CaCO3 were added to the soils to manipulate soil pH and extractable Al. The results showed that the bulk soil pH remained constant at pH 4.1 with further applications of AlCl3, and that the seedlings died at the 200 mg AlCl3/kg treatments. The ET8 seedlings responded better than the ES8 seedlings in both low and high Al and pH. The ET8 seedlings had higher root surface areas and root tip numbers than the ES8 seedlings in the Al treatment. In contrast, the ES8 had higher root diameters than the ET8 seedlings due to the elevated Al supply. Apoplast Al increased with the increase of soil available extractable Al, and declined with the decrease of soil extractable Al. The ET8 seedlings accumulated more Al in their apoplast than the ES8 seedlings. This study concluded that accumulation of Al in the apoplast is also involved in Al tolerance mechanism with the addition of organic acid exudation.

  15. Information of “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” by ad-Dimashqi about the Turkic Tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak »

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Z.S. Ilyasova

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article introduced into academic circulation information of such a historical source as “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” (Excerpts of Time on the Marvels of the Land and Sea on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. The material of the study is drawn from this source. Main scientific result of this work was the source’s translation into Russian accompanied by scientific comments. Sheikh Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad Abu Talib al-Ansari al-Sufi al-Dimashqi was the author of this work. Some scholars have mistakenly confuse him with another chronicler named Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Yahya Ibn Fadlallah al-Omari al-Dimashqi. There is a widespread misconception that while writing on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes al-Dimashqi used the data of such an author as Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Ansari al-Qutub al-Warraq al-Vatvat, also known as Ahmad al-Tini. After had studying the manuscripts of al-Tini and al-Dimashqi, we did not notice the connection between these two authors regarding their information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. After had studying the information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak, we put forward the theory that 16 ethnonyms previously identified as Kipchak clans, are actually the etnonyms of eight Kipchak clans and eight Turkic tribes. The article also contains the extraction from “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” regarding the geography of Dasht-i Kipchak and the countries inhabited by the Turks. The following data are unique in this source: 1. The text describes such rivers as Ceyhun (Amu Darya, Seyhun (Syr Darya, Itil (Volga, as well as Khorezm and Khazar Seas (Aral and Caspian Seas. 2. Additionally, this text lists the following Turkic peoples: al-Kharlukhiya (Karluks, al-Khirgaziya (Kyrgyz, al-Kaymakiya (Kimaks, al-Guzziya (Oguz, al-Bazhanakiya (Pechenegs, al-Tuguzguziya (Uighurs, al-Khulkhiya (?, al

  16. Studies on SiC(p) reinforced Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic matrix composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Masrom, A.K.; Foo, L.C.; Ismail, A.B.

    1996-01-01

    An investigation on processing of Al-5.69wt% Ni eutectic with SiC particulate composites is reported. The intermetallic composites are prepared by elemental powder metallurgy route and sintered at two different temperatures, i.e., 600 degree C and 620 degree C. Results show that the metal matrix was Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic. The phase analysis by XRD identified the presence of Al sub 3 Ni and Al as dominant phases together with silicon and Al sub 4 C sub 3 phase as minor phases. The Al sub 4 C sub 3 and Si phases are formed during sintering due to SiC-Al interface reaction. SEM micrographs also reveal the formation of microvoid surrounding the SiC particle

  17. The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Markoli, B.; Spaic, S. [Ljubljana Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering; Zupanic, F. [Maribor Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

    2001-09-01

    The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation ({alpha}{sub Al}, {beta}{sub Si}, Al{sub 3}Sm, Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + {beta}{sub Si} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al{sub 3}Sm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

  18. Electronic Structures and Bonding Properties of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    MIN Xinmin; REN Yi

    2007-01-01

    The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and doping Si into Ti2AlC was studied by density function and the discrete variation (DFT-DVM) method. After adding Si into Ti2AlC, the interaction between Si and Ti is weaker than that between Al and Ti, and the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds decrease both. The ionic and covalent bonds in Ti3AlC2, especially in Ti-Al, are stronger than those in Ti2AlC. Therefore, in synthesis of Ti2AlC, the addition of Si enhances the Ti3AlC2 content instead of Ti2AlC. The density of state (DOS) shows that there is mixed conductor characteristic in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The DOS of Ti3AlC2 is much like that of Ti2AlC. Ti2SixAl1-x C has more obvious tendency to form a semiconductor than Ti2AlC, which is seen from the obvious difference of partial DOS between Si and Al3p.

  19. Pornographie als Metapher

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Schubarth

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche metaphorische Verwendungen des Pornografiebegriffs und deren Implikationen untersucht. Während die Existenz von Pornografie der feministischen Anti-Porno-Bewegung als Erklärung für die anhaltende Diskriminierung von Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften dient, nutzen rechtskonservative Kräfte den Pornografievorwurf als Rechtfertigung für die Zensur von als deviant empfundenen Identitäten und sexuellen Praktiken.

  20. Tratamiento del prolapso rectal en la infancia con infiltración de solución salina al 16,5 %

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Ramírez Pérez

    Full Text Available Introducción: cuando falla el tratamiento médico conservador en los pacientes pediátricos con prolapso rectal se impone la infiltración perirrectal con sustancias irritantes. En la década de los 90 esas infiltraciones en nuestro centro se hacían con glicerina, pero escaseó en el mercado, y ante tal problema, se buscó otro agente infiltrante alternativo. En el presente trabajo se describe la experiencia con la utilización de solución salina al 16,5 %. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, longitudinal, prospectivo, experimental, del tipo ensayo clínico no controlado. Consta de una segunda parte en la que se utilizó la aleatorización con un grupo control para la validación. El universo estuvo constituido por 27 pacientes y la muestra, por 16 pacientes con prolapso rectal, que fueron atendidos en el servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial de Holguín en el quinquenio 2003-2007. Las variables desarrolladas fueron: concentración idónea para el tratamiento, cantidad de sustancia a infiltrar, complicaciones, recurrencia, número de infiltraciones y curación al año o más. Los resultados se exponen en forma de tablas porcentuales. Resultados: la eficacia con la utilización de solución salina al 16,5 % fue del 100 %, todos los pacientes curaron, y ninguno presentó recurrencia, por lo que no fueron necesarias 2 o más sesiones de tratamiento. Se comentó de un niño que, luego de fallar la infiltración con leche materna en primera opción y fallido también el cerclaje, finalmente resolvió con este método. Las complicaciones fueron relativamente pocas (18,9 %: un absceso, una celulitis y una retención urinaria con necesidad de sondaje durante 2 semanas, sin secuelas posteriores. Se realizó aleatorización con igual número de pacientes en quienes se usó la glicerina, los resultados del uso de ambas sustancias fueron muy parecidos, y el número de complicaciones fue ligeramente mayor en el

  1. Deletion of ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 increases adhesion of Candida albicans to human vascular endothelial and buccal epithelial cells

    OpenAIRE

    ZHAO, XIAOMIN; OH, SOON-HWAN; HOYER, LOIS L.

    2007-01-01

    C. albicans yeast forms deleted for ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 are more adherent than a relevant control strain to human vascular endothelial cell monolayers and buccal epithelial cells. In the buccal and vaginal reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) disease models, however, mutant and control strains caused a similar degree of tissue destruction. Deletion of ALS5 or ALS6 significantly slowed growth of the mutant strain; this phenotype was not affected by addition of excess uridine to the culture medi...

  2. Alpha and beta stabilizer character of Al in Zr-Nb-Al alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peruzzi Bardella, A.; Bolcich, J.C.

    1987-01-01

    The T β/α+β of Zr5Nb and Zr5Nb2Al (weight %) were determined in order to observe the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in ternary Zr-Nb-Al alloys. Techniques employed were change of resistivity with temperature in dynamic experiences, and metallography of samples quenched to room temperature after isothermal annealings. The T β/α+β of the ternary resulted 17 ± 8 deg C higher than that of the binary alloy. In addition, taking into account the results of previous investigations of the transformation of beta on quenching Zr-Nb-Al alloys from the beta field to room temperature, it is concluded that the beta-stabilizer character of Nb is stronger than the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in these Zr alloys, and that the Al can have important influence on the mechanical properties by the appearance of TRIP effect. (Author) [es

  3. Insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO gate dielectrics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le, Son Phuong; Nguyen, Duong Dai; Suzuki, Toshi-kazu

    2018-01-01

    We have investigated insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO (an alloy of Al2O3 and TiO2) gate dielectrics obtained by atomic layer deposition on AlGaN. Analyzing insulator-thickness dependences of threshold voltages for the MIS devices, we evaluated positive interface fixed charges, whose density at the AlTiO/AlGaN interface is significantly lower than that at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface. This and a higher dielectric constant of AlTiO lead to rather shallower threshold voltages for the AlTiO gate dielectric than for Al2O3. The lower interface fixed charge density also leads to the fact that the two-dimensional electron concentration is a decreasing function of the insulator thickness for AlTiO, whereas being an increasing function for Al2O3. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between the interface fixed charges and interface states. From the conductance method, it is shown that the interface state densities are very similar at the Al2O3/AlGaN and AlTiO/AlGaN interfaces. Therefore, we consider that the lower AlTiO/AlGaN interface fixed charge density is not owing to electrons trapped at deep interface states compensating the positive fixed charges and can be attributed to a lower density of oxygen-related interface donors.

  4. Effects of Al(III and Nano-Al13 Species on Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rong Fu Chen

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT modified glass carbon electrode (GCE. The results showed that Al(III and Al13 can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III and Al13 concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III and Al13 on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

  5. Effects of Al(III) and nano-Al13 species on malate dehydrogenase activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xiaodi; Cai, Ling; Peng, Yu; Li, Huihui; Chen, Rong Fu; Shen, Ren Fang

    2011-01-01

    The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The results showed that Al(III) and Al(13) can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III) and Al(13) concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III) and Al(13) on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

  6. Fracture toughness of Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composites under static and cyclic loading conditions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patselov, A. M.; Gladkovskii, S. V.; Lavrikov, R. D.; Kamantsev, I. S.

    2015-10-01

    The static and cyclic fracture toughnesses of a Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composite material containing at most 15 vol % intermetallic compound are studied. Composite specimens are prepared by terminating reaction sintering of titanium and aluminum foils under pressure. The fracture of the titanium layers is quasi-cleavage during cyclic crack growth and is ductile during subsequent static loading.

  7. Data supporting Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016,

    Data.gov (United States)

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Data files representing each of the Figures and Tables published in Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016, 3, 593. The data file names identify the Figure or...

  8. Ti, Al

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    In the present study, authors report on the effect that substrate bias voltage has on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, Al)N hard coatings deposited with cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) technique. The coatings were deposited from a Ti0.5Al0.5 powder metallurgical target in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere at ...

  9. Growth of CdTe: Al films; Crecimiento de peliculas de CdTe: Al

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez A, M.; Zapata T, M. [CICATA-IPN, 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Melendez L, M. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 14-740, 07000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Pena, J.L. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 73 Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yucatan (Mexico)

    2006-07-01

    CdTe: AI films were grown by the close space vapor transport technique combined with free evaporation (CSVT-FE). The Aluminum (Al) evaporation was made by two kinds of sources: one made of graphite and the other of tantalum. The films were deposited on glass substrates. The Al source temperature was varied maintaining the CdTe source temperature fixed as well as the substrate temperature. The films were characterized by x-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), x-ray diffraction and optical transmission. The results showed for the films grown with the graphite source for Al evaporation, the Al did not incorporate in the CdTe matrix, at least to the level of EDAX sensitivity; they maintained the same crystal structure and band gap. For the samples grown with the tantalum source, we were able to incorporate the Al. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that the films have a crystal structure that depends on Al concentration. They were cubic up to 2.16 at. % Al concentration; for 19.65 at. % we found a mixed phase; for Al concentration higher than 21 at. % the films were amorphous. For samples with cubic structure it was found that the lattice parameter decreases and the band gap increases with Al concentration. (Author)

  10. First-principles study of L10 Ti-Al and V-Al alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chubb, S.R.; Papaconstantopoulos, D.A.; Klein, B.M.

    1988-01-01

    As a first step towards understanding the reduced embrittlement of L1 0 Ti-Al alloys which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V, we have determined from first principles, using full-potential linearized--augmented-plane-wave calculations, the equilibrium values of the structural parameters and the associated electronic structure for the stoichiometric (L1 0 ) Ti-Al (tetragonal) compound. Our calculated values of c/a and a are in good agreement with experiment. Using the same method of calculation, we have also studied the electronic structure associated with the (hypothetical) L1 0 V-Al alloy that would form when V is substituted for Ti. We find that (1) the electronic structures of these V-Al alloys are relatively insensitive to variations of c/a and a; (2) near the Ti-Al equilibrium geometry, the electronic structures of the V-Al and Ti-Al alloys are very similar; and (3) that a rigid-band model involving substitution of V for Ti can be used to gain a qualitative understanding of the reduction in c/a which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V. We relate the reduction in c/a to important changes in the bonding that accompany the occupation of bands immediately above the Fermi level of the stoichiometric Ti-Al compound

  11. Kinetic studies of oxidation of MgAlON and a comparison of the oxidation behaviour of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang Xidong; Seetharaman, S. [Div. of Metallurgy, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden); Li Wenchao [Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Univ. of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, BJ (China)

    2002-06-01

    The kinetics and morphology of the oxidation process of magnesium-aluminium oxynitride (MgAlON), aluminium oxynitride (AlON), O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM have been studied in the temperature range 1373-1773 K (ZCM=30 wt% ZrO{sub 2}, 52 wt% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 18 wt% 3 Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.2 SiO{sub 2}). Oxidation experiments with powder and plate samples of the above materials have been carried out in air. MgAlON shows the best resistance to oxidation at lower temperatures (< 1473 K), whereas at higher temperatures ({proportional_to} 773 K), AlON shows the best resistance. O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} shows very good oxidation resistance up to 1673 K. But its oxidation rate increases strongly above 1673 K, presumably due to the formation of liquid phase. BN-ZCM has the poorest oxidation resistance due to the evaporation of B{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The activation energies for the chemical oxidation reaction of AlON, MgAlON, and O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} are 214, 330 and 260 kJ/mol, respectively. The overall diffusion activation energies for AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} and BN-ZCM are 227, 573, 367 and 289 kJ/mol, respectively. (orig.)

  12. Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qin, Gaowu W.; Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli

    2010-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The ε-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of α-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the γ-Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure ε-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 o C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure ε-AlMn, γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the ε-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 μm without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to ∼55 μm with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to ∼53 μm, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 o C.

  13. Ibn Qutayba en al-Andalus. La préface à I 'Adab al-Kātib dans le commentaire d'Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soravia, Bruna

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Ibn Qutayba's preface to his Adab al-kātib has been considered for centuries the most important section of this work and it has been the object of many commentaries, both in the Muslim East and West. This paper deals with Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī´s commentary al-Iqtiḍāb, trying to show the peculiar way in which Ibn al-Sīd develops his own critique of Ibn Qutayba's controversial thesis on the relation between orthodoxy, falsafa and kalām. At the same time, the Andalusi author works out his own conception of adab, deeply influenced by his biographical experience. Finally a full translation of Ibn Qutayba's preface is proposed, half a century after G. Lecomte's partial one.

    El prefacio de Ibn Qutayba a su Adab al-Kātib ha sido considerado durante siglos como el fragmento más importante de su obra, y ha sido objeto de muchos comentarios, tanto orientales como occidentales. Este artículo trata del comentario que Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī hizo de ese texto de Ibn Qutayba, e intenta mostrar la forma peculiar en que Ibn al-Sīd desarrolla su propia crítica a la polémica tesis de Ibn Qutayba sobre la relación entre ortodoxia, falsafa y kalām. Al mismo tiempo, el autor andalusí elabora su propia concepción del adab, profundamente influida por su experiencia biográfica. Para concluir, se presenta una traducción completa del prefacio de Ibn Qutayba, medio siglo después de la parcial realizada por G. Lecomte.

  14. Interview als Text vs. Interview als Interaktion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arnulf Deppermann

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Das Interview ist nach wie vor das beliebteste sozialwissenschaftliche Verfahren des Datengewinns. Ökonomie der Erhebung, Vergleichbarkeit und die Möglichkeit, Einsicht in Praxisbereiche und historisch-biografische Dimensionen zu erhalten, die der direkten Beobachtung kaum zugänglich sind, machen seine Attraktivität aus. Zugleich mehren sich Kritiken, die seine Leistungsfähigkeit problematisieren, indem sie auf die begrenzte Reichweite der Explikationsfähigkeiten der Befragten, die Reaktivität der Erhebung oder die Differenz zwischen Handeln und dem Bericht über Handeln verweisen. Im Beitrag wird zwischen Ansätzen, die das Interview als Text, und solchen, die es als Interaktion verstehen, unterschieden. Nach dem Text-Verständnis werden Interviews unter inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten analysiert und als Zugang zu einer vorgängigen sozialen oder psychischen Wirklichkeit angesehen. Das Interaktions-Verständnis versteht Interviews dagegen als situierte Praxis, in welcher im Hier und Jetzt von InterviewerInnen und Befragten gemeinsam soziale Sinnstrukturen hergestellt werden. Anhand ubiquitärer Phänomene der Interviewinteraktion – Fragen, Antworten und die Selbstpositionierung von InterviewerInnen und Befragten – werden Praktiken des interaktiv-performativen Handelns im Interview dargestellt. Ihre Relevanz für die Interviewkonstitution und ihre Erkenntnispotenziale für die Interviewauswertung werden aufgezeigt. Es wird dafür plädiert, die interaktive Konstitutionsweise von Interviews empirisch zu erforschen und methodisch konsequent zu berücksichtigen. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1303131

  15. Structure and phase composition of Al-Ce-Cu system alloys in range of quasi-binary Al-Al8CeCu4 section

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belov, N.A.; Khvan, A.V.

    2007-01-01

    The phase diagram of the Al-Cu-Ce system in the quasibinary section area of Al-Al 8 CeCu 4 has been investigated by metallographic, thermal, micro-X-ray spectral and X-ray structural analyses. The parameters of the eutectic reaction L→(Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 : T=610 Deg C were found out; the composition was 14% Cu and 7% Ce. This eutectics is of a disperse structure and the ternary compound contained is capable of fragmentation and spheroidizing in the heating process (starting from 540 Deg C). It was demonstrated that the area of optimal (Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 eutectics-based alloy compositions was within the narrow limits. That is related to the fact that at a comparatively little variation of the Cu:Ce=2 ratio solidus sharply decreases and, as a result, the crystallization interval considerably extends [ru

  16. Structural and electrical characterization of AuPtAlTi ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN with varying annealing temperature and Al content

    OpenAIRE

    Fay, Mike W.; Han, Y.; Brown, Paul D.; Harrison, Ian; Hilton, K.P.; Munday, A.; Wallis, D.; Balmer, R.S.; Uren, M.J.; Martin, T.

    2008-01-01

    The effect of varying annealing temperature and Al layer thickness on the structural and electrical characteristics of AuPtAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact structures has been systematically investigated. The relationship between annealing temperature, Al content, interfacial microstructure, surface planarity and contact resistance is\\ud examined. In particular, the presence of a detrimental low temperature Pt-Al reaction is identified. This is implicated in both the requirement for a higher Al:T...

  17. Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qin, Gaowu W., E-mail: qingw@smm.neu.edu.c [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China); Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China)

    2010-10-08

    Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The {epsilon}-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of {alpha}-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the {gamma}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure {epsilon}-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 {sup o}C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure {epsilon}-AlMn, {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the {epsilon}-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 {mu}m without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to {approx}55 {mu}m with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to {approx}53 {mu}m, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 {sup o}C.

  18. AYAT-AYAT WAH}DAT AL-WUJUd dalam Kitab Tanbi>h al-Ma>shi Karya ‘Abdurrauf al-Sinkili

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asep Nahrul Musadad

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract: One of the key moments in discussing the history of Indonesian Islam is a polemic related to the negotiation on the doctrine of wahdat al-wujud that occured in Aceh in 17th century between the followers of Hamzah al-Fansuri and Nuruddin al-Raniri. This article focuses on analyzing several Qur’anic verses used by ‘Abdurrauf as the confirmation of his argument. In the polemical context, Abdurrauf al-Sinkili appeared to be an actor of reconciliation between two opposite sides. He tried to respond to the disputed issues through his book called “Tanbi>h al-Mashi”. As an exponent of the so-called moderate sufism (mysticism, he built the argument concerning wah}dat al-wujud based on the Quranic text. After making a thematic classification chronologically, his interpretation on these verses is analyzed by using Hussain al-Dhahaby’s theory of sufistic exegesis. In conclusion, it shows that ‘Abdurrauf’s commentary is “sufi-nazari type”, featured by his exegeses pattern. This, of course, represents his attitude as a reconciler who then needs to seek confirmation to the Qur’anic verses in evaluating wah}dat al-wujud doctrine, through which such a polemical issues occurred at that time. الملخص: إن من المرحلة الأساسية التي مرّ بها تاريخ الإسلام في اندونيسيا الجدل و النزاع حول عقيدة وحدة الوجود فى أتشيه (Aceh حول قرن السابع عشر بين أتباع حمزة الفنسوري و نور الدين الرانيري. ففي ذلك الخطاب النزاعي جاء عبد الرؤوف السنكيلي مصلحا بين الجانبين المعاكسين. وعلى مقتضى الظروف، كتب كتاب " تنبيه الماشي" الذي تطرّق فيه طريق التوسّط، ممثّلا للتصوّف المعتدل. اعتمد عبد الرؤوف على النصوص القرآنية فى تحقيق آراءه حول ت

  19. Reviewing Medical Education in KamelAl-Senaat Al-Tebieh

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shahla Moradi

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Background and Objective: Among the human sciences, medicine is superior to all other sciences. One of the effective factors in education, especially in medical education is using appropriate textbooks. This study aims to consider a classic book of medical education and find its relevance to modern medicine. Materials and Methods: Reviewing and analyzing parts of Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh medical textbook. Results: This book has about four hundred thousand words and it was divided into twenty articles, each consisting of several chapters, first ten topics of which are about theoretical medicine, and others are information related to practical medicine. Conclusion: One of the most important obligations of every nation is to protect and preserve written and unwritten cultural and scientific resources Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh was written in one of the glorious periods of Iranian Medical History by Ali Ibn Abbas. It has a dignified position because of its recording method. This method is one of the best methods that is used after Ahvazi. Even today it is a valuable source of medical education.

  20. Density and atomic volume in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Plevachuk, Yu. [Ivan Franko National Univ., Lviv (Ukraine). Dept. of Metal Physics; Egry, I.; Brillo, J.; Holland-Moritz, D. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Koeln (Germany). Inst. fuer Raumsimulation; Kaban, I. [Chemnitz Univ. of Technolgy (Germany). Inst. of Physics

    2007-02-15

    The density of liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys have been determined over a wide temperature range by a noncontact technique combining electromagnetic levitation and optical dilatometry. The temperature and composition dependences of the density are analysed. A negative excess volume correlates with the negative enthalpy of mixing, compound forming ability and chemical short-range ordering in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni alloys. (orig.)

  1. Sobre el ángel t-101, el exterminador t-1000, el salvador, la mujer y el dragón de celuloide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Marín C.

    1994-09-01

    Full Text Available Sobre una de las películas preferidas por el público receptor de cine de Bogotá, el ensayo que sigue es un ejemplo del análisis semiotextual que intenta integrar los componentes cinematográficos, de representación, las estructuras narrativas y de comunicación presentes en el film. Su propósito es descubrir una matriz de lectura como universo o eje de sentido -en este caso denominada apocalíptica/tecnológica- y acercarse al mundo simbólico-imaginario allí objetivado, para realizar una caracterización del espectador “previsto por la película”.

  2. Proyecto María María

    OpenAIRE

    Prieto Peña, Ana María

    2014-01-01

    María María es un proyecto que se desarrollara en sector de la Joyería y la Bisutería pero con un fuerte enfoque Cultural y artístico. Nuestro producto es más que un accesorio, por un lado es la belleza y distinción que buscan las mujeres y por otro lado es la experiencia del cliente, quien tendrá la oportunidad de personalizar su accesorio, ser diseñador por un rato y lucir su propia creación. Este accesorio pone en contacto al usuario con el mundo literario; es decir con pequeños universo...

  3. REFLEXIONES ACERCA DEL VIAJE EN EL TIEMPO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUIS CARLOS PALLARES

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available No es de extrañar, el viaje en el tiempo siempre se ha considerado imposible. Después de todo, Newton creía que el tiempo era como una flecha; una vez disparada, se eleva en línea recta, sin desviarse. Un segundo en la tierra fue un segundo en Marte. Relojes dispersos por todo el universo funcionan a la misma velocidad. Einstein nos dio una imagen mucho más radical. De acuerdo con Einstein, el tiempo era más como un río, que serpentea alrededor de estrellas y galaxias, acelerando y desacelerando al pasar cerca de cuerpos masivos.

  4. Víctor Gaviria: el cineasta, el poeta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Álzate Vargas

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available El cineasta antioqueño está próximo a estrenar su tercer largometraje. Este artículo lo muestra en su faceta de hombre reflexivo, maestro generoso y artista visitado por la verdadera musa, que en su caso es la de la poesía. Asistimos al proceso de sus películas y lo vemos inmerso en el universo del que toma las ideas que a través de su espíritu se transforman en arte: la ciudad en la que nació, ama y vive, y de la que nunca ha estado dispuesto a marcharse.

  5. Sobre el angel t-101, el exterminador t-1000, el salvador, la mujer y el dragon de celuloide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Marín C.

    1994-01-01

    Full Text Available Sobre una de las películas preferidas por el público receptor de cine de Bogotá, el ensayo que sigue es un ejemplo del análisis semiotextual que intenta integrar los componentes cinematográficos, de representación, las estructuras narrativas y de comunicación presentes en el film. Su propósito es descubrir una matriz de lectura como universo o eje de sentido -en este caso denominada apocalíptica/tecnológica- y acercarse al mundo simbólico-imaginario allí objetivado, para realizar una caracterización del espectador «previsto por la película».

  6. Estado nutricional, calcio en dieta, actividad física y su relación con la densidad masa ósea en mujeres en edad fértil, Puno e Ilave 2006

    OpenAIRE

    Quispe Romero, Amalia Felícitas

    2008-01-01

    El estudio se realizó con el objetivo de comparar ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, CALCIO EN DIETA, ACTIVIDAD FISICA Y SU RELACION CON LA DENSIDAD MASA OSEA EN MUJERES EN EDAD FÉRTIL, DE LAS CIUDADES DE PUNO E lLAVE 2006. El tipo y diseño de la investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, el universo constituido por todas las mujeres en edad fértil de la ciudad de Puno e llave con un muestreo estratificado al azar 43 Puno y 41 llave. Se aplicó el método de la encuesta, para la determinación de masa óse...

  7. TEM characterization of Al-C-Cu-Al2O3 composites produced by mechanical milling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos-Beltran, A.; Gallegos-Orozco, V.; Estrada-Guel, I.; Bejar-Gomez, L.; Espinosa-Magana, F.; Miki-Yoshida, M.; Martinez-Sanchez, R.

    2007-01-01

    Novel Al-based composites (Al-C-Cu-Al 2 O 3 ) obtained by mechanical milling (MM), were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Analyses of composites were carried out in both, the as-milled and the as-sintered conditions. C nanoparticles were found in the as-milled condition and Al 2 O 3 nanofibers were found in as-sintered products, as determined by EELS. C and Cu react with Al to crystallize in Al 3 C 4 and Al 2 Cu structures, respectively

  8. Formation of AlFeSi phase in AlSi12 alloy with Ce addition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Kores

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available The influence of cerium addition on the solidification sequence and microstructure constituents of the Al-Si alloys with 12,6 mass % Si was examined. The solidification was analyzed by a simple thermal analysis. The microstructures were examined with conventional light and scanning electron microscopy. Ternary AlSiCe phase was formed in the Al-Si alloys with added cerium during the solidification process. AlSiCe and β-AlFeSi phases solidified together in the region that solidified the last. Cerium addition influenced on the morphology of the α-AlFeSi phase solidification.

  9. Compressive performance and crack propagation in Al alloy/Ti{sub 2}AlC composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hanaor, D.A.H., E-mail: dorian.hanaor@sydney.edu.au [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Hu, L. [Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Kan, W.H.; Proust, G. [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Foley, M. [Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Karaman, I.; Radovic, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States)

    2016-08-30

    Composite materials comprising a porous Ti{sub 2}AlC matrix and Al 6061 alloy were fabricated by a current-activated pressure assisted melt infiltration process. Coarse, medium and fine meso-structures were prepared with Al alloy filled pores of differing sizes. Materials were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading up to stresses of 668 MPa, leading to the failure of specimens through crack propagation in both phases. As-fabricated and post-failure specimens were analysed by X-ray microscopy and electron microscopy. Quasi-static mechanical testing results revealed that compressive strength was the highest in the fine structured composite materials. While the coarse structured specimens exhibited a compressive strength of 80% relative to this. Reconstructed micro-scale X-ray tomography data revealed different crack propagation mechanisms. Large planar shear cracks propagated throughout the fine structured materials while the coarser specimens exhibited networks of branching cracks propagating preferentially along Al alloy-Ti{sub 2}AlC phase interfaces and through shrinkage pores in the Al alloy phase. Results suggest that control of porosity, compensation for Al alloy shrinkage and enhancement of the Al alloy-Ti{sub 2}AlC phase interfaces are key considerations in the design of high performance metal/Ti{sub 2}AlC phase composites.

  10. Phase equilibria and crystalline structure of compounds in the Lu-Al and Lu-Cu-Al systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuz'ma, Yu.B.; Stel'makhovich, B.M.; Galamushka, L.I.

    1992-01-01

    Phase equilibria and crystal structure of compounds in Lu-Al and Lu-Cu-Al systems were studied. Existence of Lu 2 Al compound having the structure of the PbCl 2 type is ascertained. Diagram of phase equilibria of Lu-Cu-Al system at 870 K is plotted. Compounds Lu 2 (Cu,Al) 17 (the Th 2 Zn 17 type structure), Lu(Cu,Al) 5 (CaCu 5 type structure), Lu 6 (Cu,Al) 23 (Th 6 Mn 23 type structure) and ∼ LuCuAl 2 have been prepared for the first time. Investigation of component interaction in Lu-Cu-Al system shows that the system is similar to previously studied systems Dy-Cu-Al and Er-Cu-Al. The main difference consists in the absence of LuCuAl 3 compound with rhombic structure of the CeNi 2+x Sb 2-x type in the system investigated

  11. Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP): An Al Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-10-01

    Villarosa, Al-Qaeda in Yemen, Carnegie Endowment, July 7, 2009, http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/07/07/Al-Qaeda-in-yemen- event-1372. 53 Brian Whitaker...73 Khaled Fattah, “Yemen’s Insecurity Dilemma,” Yemen Times, February 11, 2014, http:// carnegie -mec.org/2014/02...Johnsen, and Shari Villarosa, “Al-Qaeda in Yemen.” Carnegie Endowment. July 7, 2009. http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/07/07/Al-Qaeda-in- yemen-event

  12. Introduction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César González Ochoa

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available La unam y la uba, Universidad de Buenos Aires, han estado ligadas por varias razones desde hace mucho tiempo; su historia, sus problemas, sus logros han sido paralelos; han tenido un continuo intercambio, sobre todo de profesores, aunque tal vez la unam ha sido más favorecida en este aspecto. La necesidad de iniciar esta presentación de Acta Poetica con esas alusiones a las dos universidades obedece a que este número es un esfuerzo conjunto de investigadores de ambas casas de estudio. Antes de hablar de los artículos que se publican, quisiéramos hacer un breve recorrido histórico de la uba para observar la similaridad con el camino que ha seguido nuestra universidad.

  13. Formation of epitaxial Al 2O 3/NiAl(1 1 0) films: aluminium deposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lykhach, Y.; Moroz, V.; Yoshitake, M.

    2005-02-01

    Structure of epitaxial Al 2O 3 layers formed on NiAl(1 1 0) substrates has been studied by means of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The elucidated structure was compared to the model suggested for 0.5 nm-thick Al 2O 3 layers [K. Müller, H. Lindner, D.M. Zehner, G. Ownby, Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 25 (1990) 1130; R.M. Jaeger, H. Kuhlenbeck, H.J. Freund, Surf. Sci. 259 (1991) 235]. The stepwise growth of Al 2O 3 film, involving deposition and subsequent oxidation of aluminium onto epitaxial 0.5 nm-thick Al 2O 3 layers, has been investigated. Aluminium was deposited at room temperature, whereas its oxidation took place during annealing at 1070 K. The Al 2O 3 thickness was monitored by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was found that Al 2O 3 layer follows the structure of 0.5 nm thick Al 2O 3 film, although a tilting of Al 2O 3(1 1 1) surface plane with respect to NiAl(1 1 0) surface appeared after Al deposition.

  14. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lou Gehrig disease; ALS; Upper and lower motor neuron disease; Motor neuron disease ... One out of 10 cases of ALS is due to a genetic defect. The cause is unknown in most other cases. In ALS, motor nerve cells (neurons) waste away ...

  15. Pemikiran Politik al-Shawkânî dalam Fath al-Qadîr

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yusuf Hanafi

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Muhammad b. ‘Alî Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allâh al-Shawkânî al-San‘ânî. He was born in the Hijrah in Shawkân village, Yemen on Monday 28 Dhû al-Qa‘dah 1172 H and died on Tuesday, 27 Jumâd al-Akhîr 1250 H at the age about 78 years. Al-Shawkânî grew up in the San‘a city, it is the capital of the republic of Yemen now. He study first time about religion from his father, then from renowed scholars in San‘a and its surrounding, he was known as a scolar who mastered the various branches of religious sciences. Such as tafsîr, h}adîth, fiqh, us}ûl al-fiqh, history, science of kalâm, philosophy, balâghah, mant}iq etc. the main issue in this article is how political thought in the book of tafsir Fath al-Qadîr is the work of Shawkânî. At the end of article, the authors found that the intended political thinking in the study of Fath al-Qadîr is about constitutional ideas. These ideas about the constitution is limited to the concept of leadership and deliberation, the concept of the right of citizen to obtain justice, and the concept pf the right of citizens to live association and assembly

  16. Oxidation behavior of Al/Cr coating on Ti2AlNb alloy at 900 °C

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Zhengang; Liang, Wenping; Miao, Qiang; Chen, Bowen; Ding, Zheng; Roy, Nipon

    2018-04-01

    In this paper, the Al/Cr coating was fabricated on the surface of Ti2AlNb alloy via rf magnetron sputtering and double glow treatment to enhance oxidation resistance. The protective coating with an outer layer of Al and inner layer of Cr has great bonding strength due to the in-diffusion of Cr and the inter-diffusion between Al and Cr to form Al-Cr alloyed layer which has great hardness. Acoustic emission curve which was detected via WS-2005 scratch tester indicates the bonding strength between Al/Cr coating and substrate is great. Morphology of Ti2AlNb alloy with Al/Cr coating after scratch test shows that the scratch is smooth without disbanding, and the depth and breadth of scratch are changed uniformly. The mass change was reduced after oxidation test due to the Al/Cr protective coating. Isothermal oxidation test at 900 °C was researched. Results indicate that Al/Cr coating provided oxidation resistance of Ti2AlNb alloy with prolonged air exposure at 900 °C. Al2O3 was detected by XRD patterns and SEM images, and was formed on the surface of Ti2AlNb alloy to protect substrate during oxidation test. A certain content of Cr is beneficial for the formation of Al2O3. Besides, Cr2O3 was produced under Al2O3 by outward diffusion of Cr to protect substrate sequentially, no cracks were discovered on Al/Cr protective coating. The process of Ti outward diffusion into surface was suppressive due to integration of Cr-Ti and Al-Ti intermetallics. A steady, adherent and continuous coated layer of Al/Cr on Ti2AlNb alloy increases oxidation resistance.

  17. ¿COLOMBIA DEBE APOSTARLE AL SOFTWARE LIBRE, AL DE FUENTE ABIERTA O AL PROPIETARIO?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Girón Murillo

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Es complejo para gestores y administradores conocer las implicaciones que la adopción de modelos de desarrollo de software tendría para una región. Este artículo ofrece una evaluación de las implicaciones dinámicas que para el desarrollo de software de una región tendría el apostar de forma excluyente al software libre, al software de fuente abierta y al software propietario. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación en Vensim de la dinámica de sistemas en donde se evaluaron 3 escenarios: uno en donde se adopta de forma excluyente el software libre, uno en donde se adopta el software propietario y uno en donde se adopta el software de fuente abierta. Se ofrecen descripciones y explicaciones de los resultados que sugieren las potencialidades de cada uno de los modelos de desarrollo evaluados.

  18. Investigation of annealing treatment on the interfacial properties of explosive-welded Al/Cu/Al multilayer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Honarpisheh, M.; Asemabadi, M.; Sedighi, M.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We studied explosive-welded Al/Cu/Al multilayer. ► We investigated heat treatment influence on the bond properties of Al/Cu/Al. ► Intermetallic compounds were studied using the SEM, OM and EDS analysis. ► Variations of hardness in the thickness were investigated using micro-hardness. ► Intermetallic phases such as AlCu 3 and Al 2 C create at the interface of Al/Cu/Al. -- Abstract: In this study, an Al/Cu/Al multilayer sheet was fabricated by explosive welding process and the effects of annealing temperature on the interfacial properties of explosively bonded Al/Cu bimetal have been investigated. For this purpose, hardness changes along the thickness of the samples have been measured, and the thickness and type of intermetallic compounds formed at the joining interface have been explored by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results indicate that, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the thickness of intermetallic compounds has increased and the amount of hardness along the thickness of the joining interface has diminished. In the annealed sample at 400 °C for 30 min, it was observed that intermetallic layers have formed at the interface of Al/Cu bimetals. These layers consist of the intermetallic compounds AlCu 3 , Al 2 Cu and AlCu, and their thickness gets to about 5 μm at some points. The examinations performed by the SEM, following the Vickers micro-hardness test, indicated the existence of a number of microcracks at the top and bottom interface of the sample annealed at 400 °C. This shows the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at the joining interface, and also indicates the low ductility of these compounds.

  19. NMR evidence for Co-Al-Co molecular groups trapped in cages of Co4Al13

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeglic, P.; Heggen, M.; Feuerbacher, M.; Bauer, B.; Gille, P.; Haarmann, F.

    2009-01-01

    We present the results of 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the phase Co 4 Al 13 . These results are compared to a recent structure model [1], which demonstrates a unique bonding for Al atoms in the Co-Al-Co molecular groups. In our measurement, two 27 Al signals were identified. The first one originates from Al atoms forming cages. The second signal corresponds to Al sites with exceptionally large almost axially symmetric quadrupole coupling. This finding is in perfect agreement with isolated Co-Al-Co molecular groups in accordance to Ref. [1].

  20. The Y-Cu-Al system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krachan, T.; Stel'makhovych, B.; Kuz'ma, Yu.

    2003-01-01

    The phase diagram of the Y-Cu-Al system at 820 K has been constructed using X-ray powder diffraction. The existence of earlier known ternary aluminides has been confirmed and their homogeneity regions and atomic distributions in the structures have been determined: YCu 4.6-4.0 Al 7.4-8.0 (ThMn 12 -type R I =0.049), Y 2 Cu 12.0-10.5 Al 5.0-6.5 (Th 2 Zn 17 -type R I =0.092), YCu 1.0-1.1 Al 1.0-0.9 (Fe 2 P-type R I =0.068). It has been shown that the structure of Y(Cu,Al) 3 is characterized by an ordered distribution of the Cu and Al atoms and it should be referred as Ca 3 Cu 2 Al 7 structure type (R I =0.060) besides the PuNi 3 structure type with statistical occupancies of the smaller atoms. At the investigated temperature the compound YCu 1.0-0.25 Al 3.0-3.75 (BaAl 4 -type) was not observed. However, we found the ternary aluminide with composition Y 3 Cu 2.7-2.0 Al 8.3-9.0 and related La 3 Al 11 -type (space group Immm, a=0.4192-0.4228, b=1.2423-1.2557, c=0.9812-0.9895 nm, R I =0.069). The compounds YCu 6.8 Al 4.2 (space group Fddd, Tb(Cu 0.58 Al 0.42 ) 11 -type, a=1.42755, b=1.48587, c=0.65654 nm, R I =0.062) and YCu 6.5 Al 4.5 (space group I4 1 /amd, BaCd 11 -type, a=1.02774, c=0.65838 nm, R I =0.071) have been found and structurally refined for the first time

  1. Preparation, deformation, and failure of functional Al-Sn and Al-Sn-Pb nanocrystalline alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noskova, N. I.; Vil'Danova, N. F.; Filippov, Yu. I.; Churbaev, R. V.; Pereturina, I. A.; Korshunov, L. G.; Korznikov, A. V.

    2006-12-01

    Changes in the structure, hardness, mechanical properties, and friction coefficient of Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb (wt %) alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular pressing (with a force of 40 tonne) and by shear at a pressure of 5 GPa have been studied. The transition into the nanocrystalline state was shown to occur at different degrees of plastic deformation. The hardness exhibits nonmonotonic variations, namely, first it increases and subsequently decreases. The friction coefficient of the Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys quenched from the melt was found to be 0.33; the friction coefficients of these alloys in the submicrocrystalline state (after equal-channel angular pressing) equal 0.24, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively. The effect of disintegration into nano-sized powders was found to occur in the Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys after severe plastic deformation to ɛ = 6.4 and subsequent short-time holding.

  2. Characterization of Al/Ni multilayers and their application in diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao, J.; Song, X.G.; Wu, L.Z.; Qi, J.L.; Feng, J.C.

    2012-01-01

    The Al/Ni multilayers were characterized and diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallics to TiC cermets was carried out using the multilayers. The microstructure of Al/Ni multilayers and TiAl/TiC cermet joint was investigated. The layered structures consisting of a Ni 3 (AlTi) layer, a Ni 2 AlTi layer, a (Ni,Al,Ti) layer and a Ni diffusion layer were observed from the interlayer to the TiAl substrate. Only one AlNi 3 layer formed at the multilayer/TiC cermet interface. The reaction behaviour of Al/Ni multilayers was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The initial exothermic peak of the DSC curve was formed due to the formation of Al 3 Ni and Al 3 Ni 2 phases. The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al 3 Ni → Al 3 Ni 2 → AlNi → AlNi 3 and the final products were AlNi and AlNi 3 phases. The shear strength of the joint was tested and the experimental results suggested that the application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality. - Highlights: ► Diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet was realized using Al/Ni multilayer. ► The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al 3 Ni → Al 3 Ni 2 → AlNi → AlNi 3 . ► The interfacial microstructure of the joint was clarified. ► The application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality.

  3. Hot Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr Coating

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fu, Guangyan; Wu, Yongzhao; Liu, Qun; Li, Rongguang; Su, Yong

    2017-03-01

    The 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr coatings is prepared by slurry process and vacuum diffusion, and the hot corrosion behavior of the stainless steel with/without the coatings is studied under the condition of Na2SO4 film at 950 °C in air. Results show that the corrosion kinetics of stainless steel, the stainless steel with Al-Si coating and the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating follow parabolic laws in several segments. After 24 h corrosion, the sequence of the mass gain for the three alloys is the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating coating coating. The corrosion products of the three alloys are layered. Thereinto, the corrosion products of stainless steel without coating are divided into two layers, where the outside layer contains a composite of Fe2O3 and FeO, and the inner layer is Cr2O3. The corrosion products of the stainless steel with Al-Si coating are also divided into two layers, of which the outside layer mainly consists of Cr2O3, and the inner layer is mainly SiO2. The corrosion film of the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating is thin and dense, which combines well with substrate. Thereinto, the outside layer is mainly Cr2O3, and the inside layer is Al2O3. In the matrix of all of the three alloys, there exist small amount of sulfides. Continuous and protective films of Cr2O3, SiO2 and Al2O3 form on the surface of the stainless steel with Al-Si and Al-Si-Cr coatings, which prevent further oxidation or sulfide corrosion of matrix metals, and this is the main reason for the much smaller mass gain of the two alloys than that of the stainless steel without any coatings in the 24 h hot corrosion process.

  4. Explorando nuevos horizontes en NASA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Villanueva, G. L.

    A pesar de la incesante expansión del Universo iniciada con el Big Bang 14 mil millones de años atrás, nuestro Universo se siente cada día más cercano. La inquebrantable vocación de la humanidad por descubrir nuevos horizontes ha permitido el acercamiento de civilizaciones en nuestro planeta y nos ha permitido conocer nuestro lugar en el Universo como nunca antes. En este artículo presento una breve sinopsis de nuestro trabajo que se relaciona con diversas investigaciones con implicaciones astrobiológicas, desde el origen de los ingredientes de la "sopa de la vida", hasta la evolución y composición de la atmósfera de Marte.

  5. Gate length scaling effect on high-electron mobility transistors devices using AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liao, S Y; Lu, C C; Chang, T; Huang, C F; Cheng, C H; Chang, L B

    2014-08-01

    Compared to AlGaN/GaN HEMT with 0.15 μm T-gate length, the AlInN/AlN/GaN one exhibits much higher current density and transconductance of 1558 mA/mm at Vd = 2 V and 330 mS/mm, respectively. The high extrinsic ft and fmax of 82 GHz and 70 GHz are extracted from AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT. Besides, we find that the transconductance roll-off is significant in AlGaN/GaN, but largely improved in AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT, suggesting that the high carrier density and lattice-matched epitaxial heterostructure is important to reach both large RF output power and high operation frequency, especially for an aggressively gate length scaling.

  6. High-pressure high-temperature experiments: Windows to the Universe; Experimentos a alta presion y alta temperatura: Ventanas al universo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Santaria-Perez, D.

    2011-07-01

    From Earth compositional arguments suggested by indirect methods, such as the propagation of seismic waves, is possible to generate in the laboratory pressure and temperature conditions similar to those of the Earth or other planet interiors and to study how these conditions affect to a certain metal or mineral. These experiments are, therefore, windows to the Universe. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the huge power of the experimental high-pressure high-temperature techniques and give a global overview of their application to different geophysical fields. Finally, we will introduce the MALTA Consolider Team, which gather most of the Spanish high-pressure community, and present their available high-pressure facilities. (Author) 28 refs.

  7. Some aspects of anelastic and microplastic creep of pure Al and two Al-alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sgobba, S. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)); Kuenzi, H.U. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)); Ilschner, B. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland))

    1993-11-01

    Anelastic creep of pure Al, commercial Al-Cu and a binary Al-Cu alloy has been measured at room temperature by means of a high resolution laser interferometer. The irreversible component of the deformation was also quantified from measurements of the anelastic creep recovery. The dependence of the deformation-time curves on thermal treatment and cold work is analyzed. The mechanisms responsible for the room temperature anelastic creep are discussed. Materials loaded below their elastic limit can present either a pure anelastic behavior (commercial Al-Cu) or additional viscoelastic creep (pure Al, high purity Al-Cu). For commercial Al-Cu, the presence of an irreversible deformation appears to be mainly related to the state of the surface. A viscoelastic after effect has been measured for this alloy after a Cu-electroplating treatment. As a typical result for room temperature creep, the irreversible deformation depends logarithmically on load time. (orig.).

  8. Some aspects of anelastic and microplastic creep of pure Al and two Al-alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sgobba, S.; Kuenzi, H.U.; Ilschner, B.

    1993-01-01

    Anelastic creep of pure Al, commercial Al-Cu and a binary Al-Cu alloy has been measured at room temperature by means of a high resolution laser interferometer. The irreversible component of the deformation was also quantified from measurements of the anelastic creep recovery. The dependence of the deformation-time curves on thermal treatment and cold work is analyzed. The mechanisms responsible for the room temperature anelastic creep are discussed. Materials loaded below their elastic limit can present either a pure anelastic behavior (commercial Al-Cu) or additional viscoelastic creep (pure Al, high purity Al-Cu). For commercial Al-Cu, the presence of an irreversible deformation appears to be mainly related to the state of the surface. A viscoelastic after effect has been measured for this alloy after a Cu-electroplating treatment. As a typical result for room temperature creep, the irreversible deformation depends logarithmically on load time. (orig.)

  9. A study of ion damage in Al, Al/Cu and Al/Ag

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marikar, P.

    1979-06-01

    Specimens of pure aluminium, aluminium-copper and aluminium-silver have been irradiated with 20 keV helium ions and/or 100 keV aluminium ions and the nature of the damage assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Irradiation with 20 keV helium ions to a dose of 2.7 x 10 15 ions cm -2 results in the formation of interstitial loops and helium gas bubbles. The helium bubbles were detectable only after annealing at a high temperature following irradiation. When the helium preinjected aluminium specimens were irradiated with 100 keV Al + ions to a dose of 84 dpa at temperatures above 150 0 C, voids were observed to form. At a lower dose of 64 dpa, only a high density of dislocation loops was observed. Al-1 wt% Cu alloy containing partially coherent theta' precipitates resists void formation to a considerable extent, and Al-10 wt% Ag alloy containing coherent G.P. zones offers complete resistance to both dislocation loop nucleation and void formation. The experimental results are discussed in the light of the current theories of irradiation induced damage in metals. The importance of the dislocation-sink efficiency for point defects, the gaseous impurity and the alloying elements in determining void formation is highlighted. (author)

  10. Interdiffusion between U(Mo,Pt) or U(Mo,Zr) and Al or Al A356 alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Komar Varela, C.; Mirandou, M.; Arico, S.; Balart, S.; Gribaudo, L.

    2009-01-01

    Solid state reactions in chemical diffusion couples U-7 wt.%Mo-0.9 wt.%Pt/Al at 580 deg. C and U-7 wt.%Mo-0.9 wt.%Pt/Al A356 alloy, U-7 wt.%Mo-1 wt.%Zr/Al and U-7 wt.%Mo-1 wt.%Zr/Al A356 alloy at 550 deg. C were characterized. Results were obtained from optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The UAl 3, UAl 4 and Al 20 Mo 2 U phases were identified in the interaction layers of γU(Mo,Pt)/Al and γU(Mo,Zr)/Al diffusion couples. Al 43 Mo 4 U 6 ternary compound was also identified in γU(Mo,Zr)/Al due to the decomposition of γU(Mo,Zr) phase. The U(Al,Si) 3 and U 3 Si 5 phases were identified in the interaction layers of γU(Mo,Pt)/Al A356 and γU(Mo,Zr)/Al A356 diffusion couples. These phases are formed due to the migration of Si to the interaction layer. In the diffusion couple U(Mo,Zr)/Al A356, Zr 5 Al 3 phase was also identified in the interaction layer. The use of synchrotron radiation at Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS, CNPq, Campinas, Brazil) was necessary to achieve a complete crystallographic characterization.

  11. CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films obtained by stacking Cu and Al films using physical vapor deposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castillo-Hernández, G.; Mayén-Hernández, S.; Castaño-Tostado, E.; DeMoure-Flores, F.; Campos-González, E.; Martínez-Alonso, C.; Santos-Cruz, J.

    2018-06-01

    CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films were synthesized by the deposition of the precursor metals using the physical vapor deposition technique and subsequent annealing. Annealing was carried out for 4-6 h in open and nitrogen atmospheres respectively at temperatures of 900-1000 °C with control of heating and cooling ramps. The band gap measurements ranged from 3.3 to 4.5 eV. Electrical properties were measured using the van der Pauw technique. The preferred orientations of CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 were found to be along the (1 1 2) and (3 1 1) planes, respectively. The phase percentages were quantified using a Rietveld refinement simulation and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the composition is very close to the stoichiometry of CuAlO2 samples and with excess of aluminum and deficiency of copper for CuAl2O4 respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy identified the principal planes in CuAlO2 and in CuAl2O4. Higher purities were achieved in nitrogen atmosphere with the control of the cooling ramps.

  12. Three-Dimensional FIB/EBSD Characterization of Irradiated HfAl3-Al Composite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hua, Zilong; Guillen, Donna Post; Harris, William; Ban, Heng

    2016-09-01

    A thermal neutron absorbing material, comprised of 28.4 vol% HfAl3 in an Al matrix, was developed to serve as a conductively cooled thermal neutron filter to enable fast flux materials and fuels testing in a pressurized water reactor. In order to observe the microstructural change of the HfAl3-Al composite due to neutron irradiation, an EBSD-FIB characterization approach is developed and presented in this paper. Using the focused ion beam (FIB), the sample was fabricated to 25µm × 25µm × 20 µm and mounted on the grid. A series of operations were carried out repetitively on the sample top surface to prepare it for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). First, a ~100-nm layer was removed by high voltage FIB milling. Then, several cleaning passes were performed on the newly exposed surface using low voltage FIB milling to improve the SEM image quality. Last, the surface was scanned by Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD) to obtain the two-dimensional image. After 50 to 100 two-dimensional images were collected, the images were stacked to reconstruct a three-dimensional model using DREAM.3D software. Two such reconstructed three-dimensional models were obtained from samples of the original and post-irradiation HfAl3-Al composite respectively, from which the most significant microstructural change caused by neutron irradiation apparently is the size reduction of both HfAl3 and Al grains. The possible reason is the thermal expansion and related thermal strain from the thermal neutron absorption. This technique can be applied to three-dimensional microstructure characterization of irradiated materials.

  13. The Genyornis Egg: Response to Miller et al.'s commentary on Grellet-Tinner et al., 2016

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grellet-Tinner, Gerald; Spooner, Nigel A.; Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H.

    2017-04-01

    Williams (1981) and Williams and Rich (1991) attributed Australian Quaternary fossil eggshell that differed from that of emu Dromaius novaehollandiae to the extinct bird Genyornis newtoni without any osteological or embryonic support. Such association by proximity or abundance mirrors the case of the mistaken association of oviraptor eggs to Protoceratops in the 1920's by Andrews (Grellet-Tinner and Makovicky, 2006). No other candidate species was considered, and this attribution has been unchallenged and followed by everyone thereafter. Much research has been done on this Australian eggshell, with one result being that the extinction of the parent of this eggshell is the most well documented for a taxon in Australia (e.g., Miller et al., 1999, 2005). Grellet-Tinner et al. (2016) raised several problems with the identity of the eggshell Williams (1981) attributed to Genyornis newtoni and suggested that extinct megapodes of the genus Progura were the more likely layer of this eggshell type, therein referred to as ;putative Genyornis oological material; (PGOM). Miller et al. (2017) challenged our hypothesis stating that ;Based on the dimensions of the reconstructed Spooner Egg,Grellet-Tinner et al. (2016)argue that PGOM is too small for a bird with the body mass estimated for Genyornis (168-275 kg) … …[and] …. None of the additional PGOM observations reported byGrellet-Tinner et al. (2016)are inconsistent with a Genyornis parent;. Here we take the opportunity to respond to their critique, the basis of which resolves into a few points, which we address in turn.

  14. Characterization of Al/Ni multilayers and their application in diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cao, J., E-mail: cao_jian@hit.edu.cn [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Song, X.G. [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Wu, L.Z. [Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Qi, J.L.; Feng, J.C. [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China)

    2012-02-29

    The Al/Ni multilayers were characterized and diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallics to TiC cermets was carried out using the multilayers. The microstructure of Al/Ni multilayers and TiAl/TiC cermet joint was investigated. The layered structures consisting of a Ni{sub 3}(AlTi) layer, a Ni{sub 2}AlTi layer, a (Ni,Al,Ti) layer and a Ni diffusion layer were observed from the interlayer to the TiAl substrate. Only one AlNi{sub 3} layer formed at the multilayer/TiC cermet interface. The reaction behaviour of Al/Ni multilayers was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The initial exothermic peak of the DSC curve was formed due to the formation of Al{sub 3}Ni and Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} phases. The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al{sub 3}Ni {yields} Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} {yields} AlNi {yields} AlNi{sub 3} and the final products were AlNi and AlNi{sub 3} phases. The shear strength of the joint was tested and the experimental results suggested that the application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet was realized using Al/Ni multilayer. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al{sub 3}Ni {yields} Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} {yields} AlNi {yields} AlNi{sub 3}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The interfacial microstructure of the joint was clarified. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality.

  15. UNDERSTANDING THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL ISLAMIC FAITH THROUGH ‘ABD AL-GHANI AL-NABULUSI’S MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naoki Yamamoto

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper tries to present a new perspective on Islamic faith and Muslim identity to Muslim minorities who are challenged in practicing or following Islamic law in non-Islamic countries or non-Muslims in the contemporary world. It will uncover the multidimensional perspective of the concept of faith based on sin (dhanb and repentance (tawbah through the mystical philosophy of a Syrian scholar, Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi (d. 1143/1741 of the 18th century Ottoman Damascus who contributed to the field of Sufism particularly based on Ibn ‘Arabi’s thought of wahdat al-wujud (oneness of being and insan kamil (the perfect man. Nabulusi believes that anyone who lived during the inexistence of prophet’s revelation, inhabited an isolated place cut off from information about Islam, or lived in dar al-harb and did not make a hijra to dar al-islam could not be regarded as sinful in their deeds. However, faith in Allah is essential and infidelity is not forgiven regardless whether or not they live in dar al-islam or dar al-harb. Further, Nabulusi insists that true faith can be achieved by understanding the sin of existence; the ignorance of the difference of existence between Allah and men.  [Artikel ini menjelaskan identitas keberagamaan umat Islam minoritas yang dituntut untuk menerapkan syariat, namun harus hidup di negara non-muslim, dengan mendiskusikan perspektif multidimensional terhadap konsep dosa dan tobat seperti dikembangkan oleh Abd al-Ghanī al-Nabulusī (1143/1741, seorang sufi pemikir Syria, khususnya  wahdat al-wujūd dan insan kamil, yang hidup di masa kesultanan Usmani di Damaskus. Nabulusī berkeyakinan bahwa siapa saja yang hidup sebelum turunnya wahyu di masa Nabi, hidup di daerah terpencil yang tidak mengenal Islam, atau hidup di dar al-harb dan tidak hijrah ke dar al-islam, tidaklah dibebani dosa atas perbuatannya. Namun demikian, iman kepada Allah amatlah penting dan kekufuran tidaklah dimaafkan, baik seseorang tersebut hidup

  16. PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN B2-ORDERED NiAl BY Ni2AlTiCOMPOUND

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    W.H. Tian; K. Ohishi; M. Nemoto

    2001-01-01

    Microstructural variations and correlated hardness changes in B2-ordered NiAl containing fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness tests. The amount of age hardening is not large as compared to the large microstructural variations during aging. TEM observations have revealed that the L21-type Ni2AlTi precipitates keep a lattice coherency with the NiAl matrix at the beginning of aging. By longer periods of aging Ni2AlTi precipitates lose their coherency and change their morphology to the globular ones surrounded by misfit dislocations. The temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate-containing B2-ordered NiAl was investigated by compression tests over the temperature range of 873-1273K. The fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi was found to enhance greatly the yield strength and the high-temperature strength is comparison with that of superalloy Mar-M200.``

  17. Rupture of Al matrix in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel by fission induced creep

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jeong, Gwan Yoon; Sohn, Dong Seong [UNIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Yeon Soo [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonnge (United States); Lee, Kyu Hong [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-05-15

    This phenomenon was found specifically in the dispersion fuel plate with Si addition in the Al matrix to suppress interaction layer (IL) formation between UMo and Al. It is known that the stresses induced by fission induced swelling in U-Mo fuel particles are relieved by creep deformation of the IL, surrounding the fuel particles, that has a much higher creep rate than the Al matrix. Thus, when IL growth is suppressed, the stress is instead exerted on the Al matrix. The observed rupture in the Al matrix is believed to be caused when the stress exceeded the rupture strength of the Al matrix. In this study, the possibility of creep rupture of the Al matrix between the neighboring U-Mo fuel particles was examined using the ABAQUS finite element analysis (FEA) tool. The predicted rupture time for a plate was much shorter than its irradiation life indicating a rupture during the irradiation. The higher stress leads Al matrix to early creep rupture in this plate for which the Al matrix with lower creep strain rate does not effectively relieve the stress caused by the swelling of the U-Mo fuel particles. For the other plate, no rupture was predicted for the given irradiation condition. The effect of creeping of the continuous phase on the state of stress is significant.

  18. Effect of Al and AlP on the microstructure of Mn-30 wt.%Si alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu Yuying [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

    2008-04-15

    Effect of Al and AlP particles on the microstructure of near eutectic Mn-Si alloy (Mn-30 wt.%Si) was studied by Electron Probe Micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Crystal lattice correspondence analyses show that both Al and AlP have good lattice matching coherence relationships with MnSi phase, and the addition of Al and AlP particles results in an abnormal eutectic structure, i.e. the eutectic constitution MnSi and Mn{sub 5}Si{sub 3} precipitate separately: MnSi precipitates firstly, and then the Mn{sub 5}Si{sub 3} phase.

  19. Elastocaloric effect in CuAlZn and CuAlMn shape memory alloys under compression

    OpenAIRE

    Qian, Suxin; Geng, Yunlong; Wang, Yi; Pillsbury, Thomas E.; Hada, Yoshiharu; Yamaguchi, Yuki; Fujimoto, Kenjiro; Hwang, Yunho; Radermacher, Reinhard; Cui, Jun; Yuki, Yoji; Toyotake, Koutaro; Takeuchi, Ichiro

    2016-01-01

    This paper reports the elastocaloric effect of two Cu-based shape memory alloys: Cu68Al16Zn16 (CuAlZn) and Cu73Al15Mn12 (CuAlMn), under compression at ambient temperature. The compression tests were conducted at two different rates to approach isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Upon unloading at a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 (adiabatic condition) from 4% strain, the highest adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTad) of 4.0 K for CuAlZn and 3.9 K for CuAlMn were obtained. The maximum stress and hystere...

  20. Formation of Al3Ti/Mg composite by powder metallurgy of Mg-Al-Ti system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Zi R; Qi Wang, Shu; Cui, Xiang H; Zhao, Yu T; Gao, Ming J; Wei, Min X

    2008-07-01

    An in situ titanium trialuminide (Al 3 Ti)-particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composite has been successfully fabricated by the powder metallurgy of a Mg-Al-Ti system. The reaction processes and formation mechanism for synthesizing the composite were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Al 3 Ti particles are found to be synthesized in situ in the Mg alloy matrix. During the reaction sintering of the Mg-Al-Ti system, Al 3 Ti particles are formed through the reaction of liquid Al with as-dissolved Ti around the Ti particles. The formed intermetallic particles accumulate at the original sites of the Ti particles. As sintering time increases, the accumulated intermetallic particles disperse and reach a relatively homogeneous distribution in the matrix. It is found that the reaction process of the Mg-Al-Ti system is almost the same as that of the Al-Ti system. Mg also acts as a catalytic agent and a diluent in the reactions and shifts the reactions of Al and Ti to lower temperatures. An additional amount of Al is required for eliminating residual Ti and solid-solution strengthening of the Mg matrix.

  1. Fuck el vals: la contigencia sin ley del deseo en Eyes Wide Shut

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Rodríguez Ortega

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Este ensayo analiza los modos en que el film de Stanley Kubrick, Eyes Wide Shut (1999 expone las limitaciones del orden patriarcal y reivindica un espacio para la subjetividad y deseo femeninos. Se estudia cómo la estructura narrativa del film quiebra el orden iterativo machista que rige la vida de los Harford a través de una "estética de interrupciones" que repetidamente niega la consumación del acto sexual al protagonista masculino. En estos términos, Kubrick emplea una serie de herramientas estilísticas que sitúan al film dentro de la experimentación genérica con el fin de mostrar el carácter polisemántico y fluido del deseo sexual, y el poder de lo contigente en el desmoronamiento del universo machista que se establece en el inicio del film.

  2. Al-‘Alāqah baina Ushūl al-Fiqh wa Maqāshidi al-Sharīah wa al-Da’wah ilā Ta’sīsi ‘Ilmi al-Maqāshid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anggraini Binti Ramli

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The study of Maqāshid sharīa is an important point in the discussion of Islamic legal theory (ushūl al-fiqh. Serious debates began to emerge in the 19th century among Islamic jurists concerning the position of maqāshid sharīa. At least, there are three important debates in the history; first, whether maqāshid is part of the discussion ushūl al-fiqh; second, is maqāshid sharīa built upon a foundation of classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh; and third, whether the maqāshid sharīa study is able to become an independent science that is separated from the study of classical Islamic jurisprudence. This article tries to present a discussion of the three paradigms by employing a descriptive-analytic method. The results of this study uncover that the study of maqāshid sharīa is like two sides of one coin; theoretically it is a distinctive study from ushūl al-fiqh, but it cannot be separated from one another. Ushūl al-fiqh has become the foundation to find out more details about the study of maqashid sharia. The separation between classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh and maqāshid sharīa study conducted by Islamic jurists is a relative separation.

  3. Solutional Landforms of Gabal Al-Qaraha, the Oasis of Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia

    OpenAIRE

    Embabi, Nabil S.

    1981-01-01

    Jabal Al-Qarah is one of the small outlier hills at the Oasis of Al-Hasa, lying at about lOkm ENE of Al-Hafuf Town. The solutional forms of Al-Qarah hill discussed in this paper are as follows : 1. A calcareous duricrust which covers the top and some of the slopes of the hill. 2. Rock Pillars which are long columns of white lime-stone. 3. Huge crevasses which are wide erosional openings along vertical joints. 4. Narrow, sinuous caves inside the hill. 5. Pedestal rocks with mushroo...

  4. Comparison on the interaction of Al3+/nano-Al13 with calf thymus DNA /salmon sperm DNA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Fei; Ma, Yue; Du, Changwen; Yang, Xiaodi; Shen, Renfang

    2015-11-01

    The conformation change, binding mode and binding site between Al3+/nano-Al13 and calf thymus DNA/salmon sperm DNA were investigated by UV-vis absorption, FTIR spectra, Raman spectroscopy and CD spectra, as well as melting curves measurement. The UV-vis spectra and circular dichroism spectra results suggested that the phosphate group structure was changed when Al3+ interacted with DNA, while the double-helix was distorted when nano-Al13 interacted with DNA. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the binding sites were Al3+ … PO2, Al3+ … N7/guanine PO2 … Al13 … N7-C8/guanine with calf thymus DNA, and Al3+ … N3-O2/cytosine, Al3+ … N7-C8/guanine, PO2 … Al13 … N7-C8/guanine, PO2 … Al13 … N1/adenine with salmon sperm DNA, respectively. The electrostatic binding was existed between Al3+ and DNA, and the electrostatic binding and complexing were found between nano-Al13 and DNA.

  5. Bukti Kebenaran Al-quran

    OpenAIRE

    Aliyah, Sri

    2015-01-01

    Al Quran is the greatest miracles of Muhammad SAW as the direction of humankind in order to reach eternal happiness. Scientific evidences show that Al Quran has the truth massages, although it was released far before the finding of modern sciences. The researches continue to study the truth of Al Quran an it revealed the historical fact.

  6. Sintering of (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 Materials and their Corrosion Process in Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 Electrolyte

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Yibiao; Li, Yawei; Yang, Jianhong; Sang, Shaobai; Wang, Qinghu

    2017-06-01

    The application of ledge-free sidewalls in the Hall-Héroult cells can potentially reduce the energy requirement of aluminum production by about 30 pct (Nightingale et al. in J Eur Ceram, 33:2761-2765, 2013). However, this approach poses great material challenges since such sidewalls are in direct contact with corrosive electrolyte. In the present paper, (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 materials were prepared using fused magnesia, reactive alumina, nickel oxide, and iron oxide powders as the starting materials. The sintering behaviors of specimens as well as their corrosion resistance to molten electrolyte have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results show that after firing at temperature ranging from 1673 K (1400 °C) up to 1873 K (1600 °C), all the specimens prepared are composed of single-phase (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel, the lattice parameter of which increases with increasing Fe3+ ion concentration. Increasing the iron oxide content enhances densification of the specimens, which is accompanied by the formation of homogeneously distributed smaller pores in the matrix. The corrosion tests show that corrosion layers consist of fluoride and Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel grains are produced in specimens with Fe/Al mole ratio no more than 1, whereas dense Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel layers are formed on the surface of the specimens with Fe/Al mole ratio more than 1. The dense Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel layers formed improve the corrosion resistance of the specimens by inhibiting the infiltration of electrolyte and hindering the chemical reaction between the specimen and electrolyte.

  7. Synthesis of Al(OH3 Nanostructures from Al(OH3 Microagglomerates via Dissolution-Precipitation Route

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bo Yu

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A facile method was developed to synthesize Al(OH3 nanostructures from Al(OH3 microagglomerates by dissolution in 9.0 mol·L−1 NaOH at 115°C followed by dilution and aging of the solution at room temperature. The influence of Al(OH3 nanoseed and surfactants as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB on the formation of the Al(OH3 nano-structures was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the Al(OH3 microspheres composed of nanoparticles were prepared in the blank experiment, while dispersive Al(OH3 nano-particles with a diameter of 80–100 nm were produced in the presence of Al(OH3 nano-seed and CTAB.

  8. Effects of Al content on structure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liang, S.X.; Yin, L.X.; Che, H.W.; Jing, R.; Zhou, Y.K.; Ma, M.Z.; Liu, R.P.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • Phase structure is greatly dependent on the Al content. • Intermetallic compound will precipitates while Al content is over 6.9 wt%. • Equiaxed α-phase grains present in the hot-rolled alloy with 6.9 wt% Al. • Alloys with Al content from 3.3 wt% to 5.6 wt% have good mechanical properties. - Abstract: Zirconium alloys show attractive properties for astronautic applications where the most important factors are anti-irradiation, corrosion resistance, anti-oxidant, very good strength-to-weight ratio. The effects of Al content (2.2–6.9 wt%) on structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloy samples were investigated in this study. Each sample of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents from 2.2 wt% to 5.6 wt% is composed of the α phase and β phase, meanwhile, the relative content of the α phase increased with the Al content. However, the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound was observed as the Al content increased to 6.9 wt%. Changes of phase compositions and structure with Al content distinctly affected mechanical properties of ZrTiAlV alloys. Yield strength of the alloy with 2.2 wt% Al is below 200 MPa. As Al content increased to 5.6 wt%, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the examined alloy are 1088 MPa, 1256 MPa and 8%, respectively. As Al content further increased to 6.9 wt%, a rapid decrease in ductility was observed as soon as the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound precipitated. Results show that the ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents between 3.3 wt% and 5.6 wt% have excellent mechanical properties

  9. Relationship between Al content and substitution mechanism of Al-bearing anhydrous bridgmanites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noda, M.; Inoue, T.; Kakizawa, S.

    2017-12-01

    It is considered that two substitution mechanisms, Tschermak substitution and oxygen vacancy substitution, exist in MgSiO3 bridgmanite for the incorporation of Al in anhydrous condition. Kubo and Akaogi (2000) has conducted the phase equilibrium experiment in the system MgSiO3-Al2O3, and established the phase diagram up to 28 GPa. However the careful observation in the bridgmanite shows that the chemical compositions are slightly deviated from Tschermak substitution join. The same tendency can be also observed in the run products by Irifune et al. (1996). This result indicates that pure Tschermak substitution bridgmanite cannot be stable even in the MgSiO3-Al2O3 join experiment. However, the previous studies used powder samples as the starting materials, so the absorbed water may affect the results. Therefore, we tried to conduct the experiment in the join MgSiO3-Al2O3 in extremely anhydrous condition to clarify whether the pure Tschermak substitution bridgmanite can be stable or not. In addition, we also examined the stability of oxygen vacancy bridgmanite in the extremely anhydrous condition for the comparison. The high pressure synthesis experiments were conducted at 28 GPa and 1600-1700° for 1hour using a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. Four different Al content samples were prepared as the starting materials along the ideal substitution line of Tschermak (Al=0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mol) and oxygen-vacancy (Al=0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 mol) substitutions, respectively (when total cation of 2). The glass rods were used as the starting materials to eliminate the absorbed water on the sample surface. The chemical compositions of the synthesized bridgmanite could not be measured by EPMA because of small grain size less than submicron. Therefore the chemical compositions were estimated from the result of the XRD pattern by subtracting the amount of the other phases. The estimated chemical compositions of Tschermak substitution bridgmanites were consistent with the

  10. Carne y nada más: la configuración del discurso cárnico en La Carne de René de Virgilio Piñera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Antonio Mora Moreno

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo hace un análisis de la novela La carne de René , del escritor cubano Virgilio Piñera, desde la construcción del discurso hegemónico –al que llamo cárnico– el cual construye y define los cuerpos de los personajes y, por tanto, sus subjetividades. Así, este trabajo se pregunta por los mecanismos discursivos (como la pa- rodia y las luchas entre poder-conocimiento sobre el cuerpo que configuran el discurso cárnico y cómo este opera en los individuos de este universo literario (especialmente en René, su protagonista para que puedan entenderse como sujetos constituidos de solo carne dispuesta al dolor, sin posibilidad de hacerse una vida espiritual. René, a pesar de ejercer resistencia al discurso cárnico, sucumbe ante este, ya que no logra hacerse una individualidad que esté por fuera del discurso, por lo que no le queda más remedio que aceptar que es un ser hecho de carne y nada más.

  11. Burden of rare variants in ALS genes influences survival in familial and sporadic ALS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pang, Shirley Yin-Yu; Hsu, Jacob Shujui; Teo, Kay-Cheong; Li, Yan; Kung, Michelle H W; Cheah, Kathryn S E; Chan, Danny; Cheung, Kenneth M C; Li, Miaoxin; Sham, Pak-Chung; Ho, Shu-Leong

    2017-10-01

    Genetic variants are implicated in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it is unclear whether the burden of rare variants in ALS genes has an effect on survival. We performed whole genome sequencing on 8 familial ALS (FALS) patients with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and whole exome sequencing on 46 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients living in Hong Kong and found that 67% had at least 1 rare variant in the exons of 40 ALS genes; 22% had 2 or more. Patients with 2 or more rare variants had lower probability of survival than patients with 0 or 1 variant (p = 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, each additional rare variant increased the risk of respiratory failure or death by 60% (p = 0.0098). The presence of the rare variant was associated with the risk of ALS (Odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.61, p = 0.03), and ALS patients had higher rare variant burden than controls (MB, p = 0.004). Our findings support an oligogenic basis with the burden of rare variants affecting the development and survival of ALS. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Influence of Al grain boundaries segregations and La-doping on embrittlement of intermetallic NiAl

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kovalev, Anatoly I., E-mail: a_kovalev@sprg.ru; Wainstein, Dmitry L.; Rashkovskiy, Alexander Yu.

    2015-11-01

    Highlights: • We investigated Al grain boundaries segregations in ordered pure and La-doped NiAl. • Structural segregation of Al decreases critical strain for brittle cracks nucleation. • La alloying sharply improves plasticity of NiAl intermetallic. • Metallicity of interatomic bonds on grain boundaries increases at La alloying. • We have experimentally measured by EELFS that La atoms are located in Al sublattice. - Abstract: The microscopic nature of intergranular fracture of NiAl was experimentally investigated by the set of electron spectroscopy techniques. The paper demonstrates that embrittlement of NiAl intermetallic compound is caused by ordering of atomic structure that leads to formation of structural aluminum segregations at grain boundaries (GB). Such segregations contain high number of brittle covalent interatomic bonds. The alloying by La increases the ductility of material avoiding Al GB enrichment and disordering GB atomic structure. The influence of La alloying on NiAl mechanical properties was investigated. GB chemical composition, atomic and electronic structure transformations after La doping were investigated by AES, XPS and EELFS techniques. To qualify the interatomic bonds metallicity the Fermi level (E{sub F}) position and electrons density (n{sub eff}) in conduction band were determined in both undoped and doped NiAl. Basing on experimental results the physical model of GB brittleness formation was proposed.

  13. Heterogeneous nucleation of solid Al from the melt by Al 3 Ti : Molecular dynamics simulations

    KAUST Repository

    Wang, Junsheng; Horsfield, Andrew; Lee, Peter D.; Brommer, Peter

    2010-01-01

    It has been known experimentally for some time that Al3 Ti is a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To develop this understanding, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation and early stages of growth using published embedded atom method potentials for Al-Ti, but modified by us to stabilize the D 022 structure. We discover that Al3 Ti can indeed be very effective in promoting the growth of solid Al but the manner in which growth takes place depends sensitively on the surface on which the Al nucleates. In particular, complete growth of solid Al from the liquid on the (001) and (110) surfaces of Al3 Ti occurs at a lower temperature than on the (112) surface. This anisotropy agrees with observations in previous experiments. We explain this observation in terms of interfacial energies. On the preferential (111) surface of Al the solid-liquid interfacial energy is highest while the solid-vacuum energy is lowest. Our simulations also show that the extent of ordering taking place in liquid Al close to the Al 3 Ti substrate above the melting point correlates well with the effectiveness of the substrate as a nucleant below the melting temperature: this could provide a computationally efficient scheme to identify good nucleants. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

  14. Heterogeneous nucleation of solid Al from the melt by Al 3 Ti : Molecular dynamics simulations

    KAUST Repository

    Wang, Junsheng

    2010-10-27

    It has been known experimentally for some time that Al3 Ti is a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To develop this understanding, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation and early stages of growth using published embedded atom method potentials for Al-Ti, but modified by us to stabilize the D 022 structure. We discover that Al3 Ti can indeed be very effective in promoting the growth of solid Al but the manner in which growth takes place depends sensitively on the surface on which the Al nucleates. In particular, complete growth of solid Al from the liquid on the (001) and (110) surfaces of Al3 Ti occurs at a lower temperature than on the (112) surface. This anisotropy agrees with observations in previous experiments. We explain this observation in terms of interfacial energies. On the preferential (111) surface of Al the solid-liquid interfacial energy is highest while the solid-vacuum energy is lowest. Our simulations also show that the extent of ordering taking place in liquid Al close to the Al 3 Ti substrate above the melting point correlates well with the effectiveness of the substrate as a nucleant below the melting temperature: this could provide a computationally efficient scheme to identify good nucleants. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

  15. Strength of Al and Al-Mg/alumina bonds prepared using ultrahigh vacuum diffusion bonding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    King, W.E.; Campbell, G.H.; Wien, W.L.; Stoner, S.L.

    1994-01-01

    The authors have measured the cross-breaking strength of Al and Al-Mg alloys bonded with alumina. Diffusion bonding of Al and Al-Mg alloys requires significantly more bonding time than previously thought to obtain complete bonding. In contrast to previous diffusion bonding studies, fracture morphologies are similar to those obtained in bonds formed by liquid phase reaction; i.e., bonds are as strong or stronger than the ceramic; and fracture tends to propagate in the metal for pure Al and near the interface in the ceramic for the alloys. There are indications that the fracture morphology depends on Mg content and therefore on plasticity in the metal

  16. Nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Gallardo Vera

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo contribuye a establecer nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad. La adopción del prisma estratégico en los estudios retóricos de la publicidad no es común, sin embargo, la relación entre retórica y publicidad a un nivel estratégico es evidente, teniendo presente los estudios que han investigado la simbiosis entre las dos actividades.Del universo compuesto por las investigaciones sobre retórica y publicidad se seleccionó una muestra de las obras susceptibles de responder a la pregunta de cuáles son los nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad. Con este criterio se conformó una muestra teóricamente conducida del universo. La hipótesis de partida ha sido que, si existen documentos que indaguen en la relación entre la retórica y la publicidad, es posible construir un documento que muestre de un modo amplio cuáles son los nexos estratégicos entre ambas actividades. Finalmente, se contrastó que, efectivamente, este documento es único al mostrar ampliamente cuáles son los nexos estratégicos existentes entre la retórica y la publicidad.

  17. Wear protection in cutting tool applications by PACVD (Ti,Al)N and Al2O3 coatings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kathrein, M.; Heiss, M.; Rofner, R.; Schleinkofer, U.; Schintlmeister, W.; Schatte, J.; Mitterer, C.

    2001-01-01

    Various (Ti,Al)N-, Al 2 O 3 -, and (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings were deposited onto cemented carbide cutting tool inserts by a plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technique. Al 2 O 3 coatings were deposited using the gaseous mixture AlCl 3 , Ar, H 2 , and O 2 . (Ti,Al)N intermediate layers were deposited in the same device using the process mentioned and the gases AICl 3 , Ar, H 2 , TiCl 4 and N 2 . The unique properties of (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings result in superior wear protection for cutting inserts applied in severe multifunction cutting processes. The influence of different deposition temperatures an structure and properties of the coatings like crystallographic phases, chemical composition, mechanical and technological properties is shown. PACVD (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 coated cutting inserts with fine grained crystalline α/κ-Al 2 O 3 offer performance advantages which are superior with respect to coatings deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) due to the low deposition temperature applied. (author)

  18. ¿Catabathmón o Cáucaso Monte? Una nota al v. 393 del Laberinto de Fortuna de Juan de Mena

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maxim P.A.M. Kerkhof

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available En la descripción del orbe universo (estrofas XXXII - LIV los vs. 383 - 400 (estrofas XLVIII-L tratan de África y, para ella, como se sabe. Mena bebió esencialmente en el De imagine mundi, una obra atribuida en la Edad Media a San Anselmo. El mayor problema que se plantea en esta parte es la lectura del v. 393. La edición de 1481 muestra un blanco, y en las ediciones de 1489 y 1496 se lee caucaban monte. En su edición de 1499, Núñez corrige la lectura de las ediciones anteriores, apuntando en glosa: «'El Catabathmón fue luego patente'; asý se ha de leer, no 'caucabon monte', como hasta agora corruptamente se ha leýdo...

  19. Current transport mechanism in graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandit, Bhishma; Seo, Tae Hoon; Ryu, Beo Deul; Cho, Jaehee

    2016-06-01

    The current transport mechanism of graphene formed on AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40) is investigated. The current-voltage measurement from graphene to AlGaN/GaN shows an excellent rectifying property. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the graphene/AlGaN/GaN contacts increases with the Al mole fraction in AlGaN. However, the current transport mechanism deviates from the Schottky-Mott theory owing to the deterioration of AlGaN crystal quality at high Al mole fractions confirmed by reverse leakage current measurement.

  20. Current transport mechanism in graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bhishma Pandit

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The current transport mechanism of graphene formed on AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 is investigated. The current–voltage measurement from graphene to AlGaN/GaN shows an excellent rectifying property. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the graphene/AlGaN/GaN contacts increases with the Al mole fraction in AlGaN. However, the current transport mechanism deviates from the Schottky-Mott theory owing to the deterioration of AlGaN crystal quality at high Al mole fractions confirmed by reverse leakage current measurement.

  1. Universo consensual de adolescentes acerca da violência escolar Universo consensual de adolescentes acerca de la violencia escolar Consensual universe of adolescents about school violence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lidiane Silva de Araújo

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou apreender as representações sociais da violência escolar elaboradas por adolescentes inseridos numa escola pública de João Pessoa, Paraíba. A amostra foi formada por 177 adolescentes dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idades entre 12 e 18 anos, os quais responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à associação livre de palavras, através dos estímulos "violência escolar" e "pessoa violentada". As evocações livres foram processadas no Tri-Deux-Mots, por meio da análise fatorial de correspondência. As representações sociais elaboradas pelos escolares apontaram para as manifestações características do fenômeno, assim como seus impactos para esse grupo social. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que a violência escolar apresenta-se como um fenômeno multifacetado, imbricado em outras formas de violência (física, psicológica e sexual. Com efeito, o estudo deste objeto social, para a amostra estudada, transpôs as barreiras da violência tipo bullying, apontando a sua realidade funesta para além desse termo.Este estudio objetivó aprehender las representaciones sociales de la violencia escolar elaboradas por adolescentes de una escuela pública de Paraíba-Brasil. La muestra se compuso por 177 adolescentes de los sexos masculino y femenino, con edades entre 12 e 18 años, los cuales respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la asociación libre de palabras, a través de los estímulos "violencia escolar" y "persona violentada". Las evocaciones libres fueron procesadas en el Tri-Deux-Mots, por medio del análisis factorial de correspondencia. Las representaciones sociales elaboradas por los escolares apuntaron para las manifestaciones características del fenómeno, así como sus impactos para ese grupo social. Se evidenció, aún, que la violencia escolar se presenta como un fenómeno multifacético, imbricado en otras formas de violencia (física, psicológica y sexual. Con efecto, el estudio de este

  2. Assessment of phase constitution on the Al-rich region of rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wolf, W.; Bolfarini, C.; Kiminami, C.S.; Botta, W.J.

    2016-01-01

    The formation of quasicrystalline approximants in rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated. Alloys of atomic composition Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 , Al 77 Co 11 Fe 6 Cr 6 and Al 76 Co 19 Fe 4 Cr 1 were produced using melt spinning and arc melting methods and their microstructural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Up to the present there is no consensus in the literature regarding the formation of quasicrystalline phase or quasicrystalline approximants in the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy. This work presents, for the first time, a detailed structural characterization of selected alloys in the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system close to the atomic composition Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 . The results indicated the samples to be composed, mostly, by two intermetallic phases, which are quaternary extensions of Al 5 Co 2 and Al 13 Co 4 and are quasicrystalline approximants. Although the Al 5 Co 2 phase has already been reported in the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy, the presence of the monoclinic Al 13 Co 4 is now identified for the first time in the as cast state. In the binary Al-Co system a quasicrystalline phase is known to form in a rapidly solidified alloy with composition close to the monoclinic and orthorhombic Al 13 Co 4 phases. This binary quasicrystalline phase presents an average valence electron per atom (e/a) between 1.7 and 1.9; thus, in addition to the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy, the compositions Al 77 Co 11 Fe 6 Cr 6 and Al 76 Co 19 Fe 4 Cr 1 were chosen to be within the region of formation of the quaternary extension of the Al 13 Co 4 phase and also within the (e/a) of 1.7 to 1.9. However, no quasicrystalline phase is present in any of the studied alloys. The Al-Co-Fe-Cr system, around the compositions studied, is composed of quaternary extensions of Al-Co intermetallic phases, which present solubility of Fe and Cr at Co atomic sites. - Highlights: •The Al rich region of the Al

  3. Comparison of ALS functionality and plant growth in ALS-inhibitor susceptible and resistant Myosoton aquaticum L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Weitang; Bai, Shuang; Jia, Sisi; Guo, Wenlei; Zhang, Lele; Li, Wei; Wang, Jinxin

    2017-10-01

    Herbicide target-site resistance mutations may cause pleiotropic effects on plant ecology and physiology. The effect of several known (Pro197Ser, Pro197Leu Pro197Ala, and Pro197Glu) target-site resistance mutations of the ALS gene on both ALS functionality and plant vegetative growth of weed Myosoton aquaticum L. (water chickweed) have been investigated here. The enzyme kinetics of ALS from four purified water chickweed populations that each homozygous for the specific target-site resistance-endowing mutations were characterized and the effect of these mutations on plant growth was assessed via relative growth rate (RGR) analysis. Plants homozygous for Pro197Ser and Pro197Leu exhibited higher extractable ALS activity than susceptible (S) plants, while all ALS mutations with no negative change in ALS kinetics. The Pro197Leu mutation increased ALS sensitivity to isoleucine and valine, and Pro197Glu mutation slightly increased ALS sensitivity to isoleucine. RGR results indicated that none of these ALS resistance mutations impose negative pleiotropic effects on relative growth rate. However, resistant (R) seeds had a lowed germination rate than S seeds. This study provides baseline information on ALS functionality and plant growth characteristics associated with ALS inhibitor resistance-endowing mutations in water chickweed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  4. AL FIKR AL BALAGHI FI AL MA’ĂNI ‘INDA AS SAKĂKI FI KITABIHI MIFTAHUL ULUM DIRĂSAH BALAGHIYYAH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Talqis Nurdianto

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Miftāhul ‘Ulūm, written by al-Sakākī, especially the third part, was the beginning of a new phase in the development of Arabic rhetoric. Al-Sakākī divided the rhetoric into three fields of study, which are  (1 Ma’ānī, (2 Bayān, (3 Badī’. However, his style is influenced by philosophers, theologians and their verbal lexicon, which are difficult to take, especially for the ordinary recipient. Al-Sakākī described that his book containing several types of literature, namely, ‘ilm ṣarf in complete version and its conclusion, derivation science, and the grammatical study in the completeness of Ma’ānī and Bayān. The meaning of Makna is the study of completeness and conclusion. Therefore, books and prose, and poem require al-‘Arūḍ and al-Qawāfī include Ṣarf, Grammar, Ma’ānī, Bayān, limitation, reasoning, al’Arūḍ, and al-Qawāfī. He argued that the fields of study were influential in delivering knowledge to the student in order to reach the goal of the author towards his book.This research was an analytical descriptive study of al-Sakākī rhetoric that focused on the normative aspect represented by rhetorical rule and aesthetic aspects. Those aspects were shown by the feeling. Al-Sakākī rhetoric thought is a method based on mental division and has conducted in the construction of many factors, which the most important of them are philosophy and logic. Keywords: thought, rhetoric, meanings, sakkaki, study

  5. A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti3Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Jianing; Chen Chuanzhong; Squartini, Tiziano; He Qingshan

    2010-01-01

    Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti 3 Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti 3 Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

  6. Study of the 27Al(n,2,)26Al reaction via accelerator mass spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wallner, A.

    2000-06-01

    The excitation function for the 27 Al(n,2n) 26 Al reaction is expected to show a strongly non-linear behavior in the neutron-energy region around 14 MeV, the neutron energy in D-T plasmas; thus the production rate of 26 Al (t 1/2 =7.2*10 5 a) in D-T fusion environments can in principle be used to measure the temperature of such plasmas. Existing measurements, however, are strongly discordant. Therefore, a new accurate measurement of the 27 Al(n,2n) 26 Al cross sections in the near threshold region (E n =13.5-14.8 MeV) was performed with the goal to achieve relative cross sections with the highest accuracy possible. In addition, the measurements were also designed to provide good absolute cross-section values, as absolute cross sections are important for radioactive waste predictions. Samples of Al metal were irradiated with neutrons in the energy range near threshold (E th =13.55 MeV) at the Radiuminstitutes of both Vienna and St. Petersburg, and in Tokai-mura, Japan. In Tuebingen irradiations with neutrons of higher energies (17 and 19 MeV) were performed. The amount of 26 Al produced during the irradiations was measured via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA). This work represents the first 26 Al measurements for this new facility. With this system, a background as low as 3*10 -15 for 26 Al/ 27 Al isotope ratios was obtained, corresponding to a (n,2n) cross section of 0.04 mb. Utilizing AMS, cross sections with much higher precision and considerably closer to the threshold than in previous investigations could be measured. The prerequisite for its application as a temperature monitor, namely a very well known shape of the excitation function was met. A quantitative prediction of the sensitivity of this method for monitoring the temperature in a D-T fusion plasma was therefore possible. For thermal plasmas temperature changes in the order of 5 to 15 % should be detectable. An even higher sensitivity was found

  7. Magnetostrictive properties of FeAl/polyester and FeAl/silicone composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Riesgo, G. [Dpto. de Ciencias y Técnicas de la Navegación, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus universitario de Gijón, 33203 Gijón (Spain); Carrizo, J. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Elbaile, L., E-mail: elbaile@uniovi.es [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Crespo, R.D. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Sepúlveda, R. [Dpto. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de los Materiales, Universidad de Sevilla, Isla Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla (Spain); García, J.A. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain)

    2017-01-15

    Highlights: • Nanocrystalline powders of FeAl have been obtained from the Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} ribbon produced by melt spinning. • The method allows the obtainment of a FeAl solid solution from the starting process. • The microstructure and magnetic properties of the powders were investigated. • Composites with a magnetostriction of 45 ppm have been obtained. - Abstract: Ribbons of composition Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} obtained by the melt spinning method have been used to yield powder by mechanical milling. Using this method, a rapid nanocrystallization and a FeAl solid solution phase was obtained from the start of the process. The microstructural and magnetic properties as well as the XRD patterns of the powders were studied in function of the milling time. Grain refinement and an increase of the coercive field were the main transformations resulting from increasing the milling time. Two sets of magnetostrictive composites were produced from the 100 h-milled powder. In one of them polyester was used as matrix and in the other one silicone. In the case of the silicone composites cured in a magnetic field of 140 mT in the longitudinal direction a saturation magnetostriction as high as 45 ppm was obtained.

  8. Thermodynamic calculation of Al-Gd and Al-Gd-Mg phase equilibria checked by key experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Groebner, J.; Kevorkov, D.; Schmid-Fetzer, R.

    2001-01-01

    The binary Al-Gd and the ternary Al-Gd-Mg systems were calculated using the Calphad method. It is demonstrated that previous interpretation of ternary liquidus temperatures below 700 C must be related to other phase equilibria. The actual ternary liquidus temperatures are much higher, up to some 600 C above the previous interpretation in literature. They are widely governed by the high-melting compounds Al 2 Gd and Al 3 Gd with liquidus surfaces stretching far into the ternary system. A small number of key experiments in this work confirmed the calculated liquidus temperature and the phase relations. The available experimental data in literature fit excellently with the calculation in the binary Al-Gd system. In the ternary Al-Gd-Mg system, which is shown in several sections of the phase diagram, a good agreement can be observed too, considering the necessary reinterpretation of the liquidus temperatures suggested by Rokhlin et al. Ternary solubilities were not found experimentally. The ternary compound Al 4 GdMg (τ) forms in a ternary peritectic reaction at 761 C. (orig.)

  9. Forged HITEMAL: Al-based MMCs strengthened with nanometric thick Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Balog, Martin, E-mail: ummsbama@savba.sk [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia); Krizik, Peter; Nosko, Martin; Hajovska, Zuzana [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia); Victoria Castro Riglos, Maria [Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9.500, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro (Argentina); Rajner, Walter [New Materials Development GmbH, Römerstrasse 28, 83410 Laufen, Leobendorf (Germany); Liu, De-Shin [National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Hsiung, 62102 Chia-Yi, Taiwan (China); Simancik, Frantisek [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia)

    2014-09-08

    Bulk Al–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} metal matrix composites (MMCs) named HITEMAL (high temperature aluminum) were fabricated in situ by forging compaction of five different types of gas-atomized commercial purity Al powders with a mean particle size in the range of 1–9 µm. As-forged HITEMAL consisted of (sub)micrometric Al grains (matrix) decorated with nanometric thick amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) skeleton. Low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) free of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were located in the Al grain interior. The Al grain size and the portion of LAGBs increased with the increase in the relative powder surface area. As-forged HITEMAL shows excellent thermal stability up to 400 °C for 24 h. Annealing at temperatures ≥450 °C led to crystallization and morphological transformation from a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton to nanometric γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles. Owing to the pinning effect of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase, no Al grain growth took place during annealing up to 500 °C. HITEMAL showed attractive mechanical properties especially when tested at 300 °C (yield strength up to 220 MPa, Young's modulus up to 58 GPa). Despite the presence of a nearly continuous a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton along adjacent Al grains, forged HITEMAL materials had reasonable room temperature elongation of 7–26%. HITEMAL's elongation decreased as the Al grain size decreased and with increased testing temperature. The loss in elongation (uniform and total) was attributed to the inhomogeneous flow, which occurred due to high densities of high angle grain boundaries (dislocation sinks) and small content of LAGBs. The strength of HITEMAL stemmed from grain boundary mediated strengthening mechanisms. The results showed a positive deviation from the Hall–Petch plot, which is typical behavior of ultrafine-grained metals. Transformation of a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton to γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles led to deterioration of the HITEMAL strength and Young's modulus.

  10. Determination of Al concentration in Al doped ZnO using Auger spectra excited by Mo X-rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toth, J.; Koever, L.; Cserny, I.; Varga, D.

    2006-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. A good conductor with excellent transparency is of crucial importance for the window layer of CIGS solar cells. Al doped ZnO is a good candidate for this purpose, its conductivity depends on the concentration and chemical state of the Al dopant atoms. It was demonstrated that the non-conventional XPS using Mo X-rays for excitation is a very sensitive tool for the detection of Al, P, Si [1, 2, 3]. The present paper compares the experimental ratios for Zn/Al photoinduced peak intensity ratios obtained using both Al and Mo X-ray excitations. The Mo excited Zn/Al intensity ratios can be determined with higher selectivity and sensitivity than the Zn/Al intensity ratios excited by Al X-rays. The experiments were performed with a hemispherical deflector electron spectrometer [4]. The chemical state of the Al was identified to be close to that in Al 2 O 3 . The atomic concentrations were determined using a calibration curve based on ZnO/Al samples with known composition of Al. The energy dependent efficiency of the electron spectrometer was determined comparing REELS spectra of Cu specimen to standard spectra measured by K. Goto (Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan). For evaluation of the Al atomic concentrations from the measured photoelectron intensities the photoionisation cross-sections of Band et al [5] and the IMFP data of S. Tanuma et al [6] and C.J. Powell and A. Jablonski [7] were used. (author)

  11. Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xiao; Wang, Wei; Wang, Jingli; Wu, Hao; Liu, Chang

    2017-03-01

    P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgGa δ doped AlGaN SLs. Mg acceptor activation energy was significantly reduced from 0.378 to 0.331 eV by using MgGa δ doping in SLs instead of traditional doping in alloys. This new process was confirmed to be able to realize high p-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN.

  12. Al-Shebab: An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study (2Rev)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-10-01

    deputies responsible for finance , administration, and security. Coordination among regional groups is common.10 The deputy leader of al-Shebab, Mukhtar...Maaliya (Ministry of Finance ) controlled taxation. A complex court system also emerged. Multiple training camps were built that focused on hand-to-hand...Nathan Chandler, Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Somalia: Assessing the Campaign Against Al Shabaab, Rand Corporation , 2016, accessed 6/5

  13. Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

    OpenAIRE

    Xiao Wang; Wei Wang; Jingli Wang; Hao Wu; Chang Liu

    2017-01-01

    P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgG...

  14. Tadris Al Mufradat Li Tathbiq Maharah Al Kalam Fi Madrasah Al Muallimin Al Islamiyyah Li Mahad Bait Al Arqam Balong Jember

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Ardy Zaini

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available There are four  skills in teaching Arabic. Ie listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among these four, speaking considered one of the most important objectives of learning foreign language. In order to speak properly, one must know the vocabulary and apply it in a sentence. The aims of this research is to describe the teaching of vocabulary to apply the speaking skill in the school of Islamic teachers in the Institute of Bait al Arqom Balong Jember. This study used qualitative approach. The data collection was taken trough observation, personal interview, history and documentation. The teaching of vocabulary to apply the speaking skill at the Islamic Teachers' School at the Institute of Bait Al Arqam Balong Jember has gone well in terms of planning (general objectives and specific objectives, implementation (materials, use of the teaching method and teaching aids, and evaluation (assessment and evaluation. This teaching is to apply the speaking skill in terms of conversation or dialogue and lecture.

  15. NEK1 genetic variability in a Belgian cohort of ALS and ALS-FTD patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nguyen, Hung Phuoc; Van Mossevelde, Sara; Dillen, Lubina; De Bleecker, Jan L; Moisse, Matthieu; Van Damme, Philip; Van Broeckhoven, Christine; van der Zee, Julie

    2018-01-01

    We evaluated the genetic impact of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk gene never in mitosis gene a-related kinase 1 (NEK1) in a Belgian cohort of 278 patients with ALS (n = 245) or ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD, n = 33) and 609 control individuals. We identified 2 ALS patients carrying a loss-of-function (LOF) mutation, p.Leu854Tyrfs*2 and p.Tyr871Valfs*17, that was absent in the control group. A third LOF variant p.Ser1036* was present in 2 sibs with familial ALS but also in an unrelated control person. Missense variants were common in both patients (3.6%) and controls (3.0%). The missense variant, p.Arg261His, which was previously associated with ALS risk, was detected with a minor allele frequency of 0.90% in patients compared to 0.33% in controls. Taken together, NEK1 LOF variants accounted for 1.1% of patients, although interpretation of pathogenicity and penetrance is complicated by the observation of occasional LOF variants in unaffected individuals (0.16%). Furthermore, enrichment of additional ALS gene mutations was observed in NEK1 carriers, suggestive of a "second hit" model were NEK1 variants may modify disease presentation of driving mutations. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. The effect of ammonia flow in the AlN spacer on the electrical properties of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gamarra, Piero; Lacam, Cedric; Magis, Michelle; Tordjman, Maurice; Di Forte Poisson, Marie-Antoinette

    2012-01-01

    During the past few years it has been reported that a thin AlN spacer of few nanometers needs to be inserted in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to obtain high 2DEG carrier mobility. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of varying the ammonia flow in the AlN spacer of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMTs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The strain state, the surface roughness and the growth rate of AlN were found to be dependent on the V/III ratio. In addition the ammonia flow in the interlayer has a strong impact on the structural properties of the subsequent InAlN barrier layer and on the electrical properties of the structure. A sheet resistance as low as 327 Ω/□ with a sheet carrier density of 1.5 x 10 13 cm -2 has been obtained at room temperature. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  17. The effect of ammonia flow in the AlN spacer on the electrical properties of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gamarra, Piero; Lacam, Cedric; Magis, Michelle; Tordjman, Maurice; Di Forte Poisson, Marie-Antoinette [III-V Lab., Marcussis (France)

    2012-01-15

    During the past few years it has been reported that a thin AlN spacer of few nanometers needs to be inserted in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to obtain high 2DEG carrier mobility. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of varying the ammonia flow in the AlN spacer of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMTs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The strain state, the surface roughness and the growth rate of AlN were found to be dependent on the V/III ratio. In addition the ammonia flow in the interlayer has a strong impact on the structural properties of the subsequent InAlN barrier layer and on the electrical properties of the structure.istance as low as 327 {omega}/{open_square} with a sheet carrier density of 1.5 x 10{sup 13} cm{sup -2} has been obtained at room temperature. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  18. Assessment of phase constitution on the Al-rich region of rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wolf, W., E-mail: witorw@gmail.com [Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Bolfarini, C., E-mail: cbolfa@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Kiminami, C.S., E-mail: kiminami@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Botta, W.J., E-mail: wjbotta@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil)

    2016-12-15

    The formation of quasicrystalline approximants in rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated. Alloys of atomic composition Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8}, Al{sub 77}Co{sub 11}Fe{sub 6}Cr{sub 6} and Al{sub 76}Co{sub 19}Fe{sub 4}Cr{sub 1} were produced using melt spinning and arc melting methods and their microstructural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Up to the present there is no consensus in the literature regarding the formation of quasicrystalline phase or quasicrystalline approximants in the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy. This work presents, for the first time, a detailed structural characterization of selected alloys in the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system close to the atomic composition Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8}. The results indicated the samples to be composed, mostly, by two intermetallic phases, which are quaternary extensions of Al{sub 5}Co{sub 2} and Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} and are quasicrystalline approximants. Although the Al{sub 5}Co{sub 2} phase has already been reported in the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy, the presence of the monoclinic Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} is now identified for the first time in the as cast state. In the binary Al-Co system a quasicrystalline phase is known to form in a rapidly solidified alloy with composition close to the monoclinic and orthorhombic Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} phases. This binary quasicrystalline phase presents an average valence electron per atom (e/a) between 1.7 and 1.9; thus, in addition to the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy, the compositions Al{sub 77}Co{sub 11}Fe{sub 6}Cr{sub 6} and Al{sub 76}Co{sub 19}Fe{sub 4}Cr{sub 1} were chosen to be within the region of formation of the quaternary extension of the Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} phase and also within the (e/a) of 1.7 to 1.9. However, no quasicrystalline phase is present in any of the studied alloys. The Al-Co-Fe-Cr system

  19. Corrosion analysis of AlMg2 and AlMgSi using electrochemical method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dian A; Maman Kartaman; Rosika K; Yanlinastuti

    2014-01-01

    Corrosion test of cladding materials and structures of research reactor fuel, AlMgSi and AlMg2 have been performed in demineralized water of pH 2 and 6.7 using an electrochemical method. Corrosion phenomenon is affected by several factor such as composition and condition of solution. The purpose of this activity is to investigate the corrosion phenomena through the determination of the parameters of corrosion and polarization curve. The materials used are AlMg2 and AlMgSi alloy in circular dish shape with an area of 1 Cm"2. Preparation of the test sample is performed through several stages polishing, cleaning and drying procedures followed ASTM G3. The electrochemical method is done by measuring the open circuit potential (OCP), polarization resistance and potentiodynamic in demineralized water of pH 2 and pH 6.7 at temperature of 25°C. The results of the OCP is the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of AlMg2 and AlMgSi each of -906.1 mV and -619.8 mV at pH 2 and -868.6 and -756.7 mV at pH 6.7 mV. The results of measurements by polarization resistance technique showed that the corrosion rate of AlMg2 and AlMgSi in safe category (<2 mpy) at pH 6.7 and at pH 2 corrosion rate increased significantly, but still in the lightweight category (<20 mpy). Potentiodynamic curves showed that the passivation at pH 6.7 is very low while the passivation at pH 2 occurs within a relatively short range potential and followed events corroded. (author)

  20. Percorrendo caminhos para além do espaço: a construção do "território pedagógico" como um elemento constituidor da profissionalidade docente na educação infantil

    OpenAIRE

    Amaral, Carla Tatiana Moreira do

    2014-01-01

    Permeando o vasto campo que envolve as infâncias e suas multiplicidades/especificidades, buscou-se configurar/desfigurar esse universo, a fim de propor novos olhares. Nesse caminho, formulou-se o conceito de "território pedagógico", com o objetivo de analisar e compreender como tal concepção e os fatores que a circulam/influenciam podem contribuir na constituição da profissionalidade docente do professor de Educação Infantil. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infant...

  1. Catalytic effect of Al and AlN interlayer on the growth and properties of containing carbon films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou, Bing; Liu, Zhubo; Tang, Bin; Rogachev, A.V.

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • DLC and CN x bilayers with Al (AlN) interlayer were fabricated by cathode arc technique. • Complete diffusion of Al and C atoms occurs at the interface of Al/DLC (CN x ) bilayer. • Al/CN x bilayer presents a higher content of Csp 3 /Csp 2 bonds. • The hardness of Al/DLC bilayer decreases but increases for the other bilayers. • Morphology of the bilayers was explained by growth mechanism of DLC and surface state of substrate. - Abstract: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbon nitride (CN x ) bilayer films with Al and AlN interlayer were fabricated by pulse cathode arc technique. The structure, composition, morphology and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by Raman, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Knoop sclerometer and surface profilometer. The results indicated that the complete diffusion between C and Al atoms occurs in the Al/DLC and Al/CN x bilayer. Al interlayer induces the increase of the size and ordering of Csp 2 clusters in the films but AlN interlayer increases the disordering degree of Csp 2 clusters. XPS results showed that a higher content of Csp 3 /Csp 2 bonds presents in the Al/CN x bilayer, and Al and AlN interlayer decreases the atomic ratio of N/C. AFM with phase contrast mode illustrated the morphologic characteristics of the bilayer films. All the bilayers show a nano-structural surface. The morphology changes of the bilayer were well explained by the surface state of the substrate and the growth mechanism of DLC films. The hardness of Al/DLC bilayer decreases but it increases for the other bilayers compared to the corresponding DLC (CN x ) monolayer. The internal stress of the bilayer is significantly lower than that of the monolayer except for the AlN/CN x bilayer. These studies could make the difference at the time of choosing a suitable functional film for certain application

  2. La representación mediática del deportista con discapacidad en el reportaje televisivo. Informe Semanal, un estudio de caso / The media representation of athletes with disabilities in the television report. Informe Semanal, a case study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Teresa MERCADO-SÁEZ

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El tratamiento informativo de los Juegos Paralímpicos de 2008 en los medios españoles aparece ligado casi exclusivamente a los valores asociados al universo deportivo, según un estudio previo. Los paralímpicos son atletas, no personas con discapacidad. Ni se tendió al sensacionalismo ni se ofreció una imagen estereotipada. Debido a la particularidad del acontecimiento, también desaparecen reivindicaciones y problemas. Se trata de información deportiva en la que importa el resultado, los éxitos, las medallas. Para profundizar en la comprensión de la representación televisiva de los deportistas con discapacidad, el objeto de estudio es ahora la información televisiva al margen de la dinámica noticiosa de la cobertura diaria de los Juegos. El análisis de otro tipo de piezas, reportajes, ha permitido descubrir marcas tendentes a la estereotipación vinculadas al campo semántico periodístico, aquel que se hace visible a través del uso de recursos que propician la emotividad y la espectacularización. Emergen las historias de vida y detalles íntimos. Los protagonistas muestran una gran autoestima y una autoidentidad positiva al alejarse de las representaciones sociales habituales de la discapacidad.

  3. Characteristics in AlN/AlGaN/GaN Multilayer-Structured High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gui-Zhou, Hu; Ling, Yang; Li-Yuan, Yang; Si, Quan; Shou-Gao, Jiang; Ji-Gang, Ma; Xiao-Hua, Ma; Yue, Hao

    2010-01-01

    A new multilayer-structured AlN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is demonstrated. The AlN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT exhibits the maximum drain current density of 800 mA/mm and the maximum extrinsic transconductance of 170 mS/mm. Due to the increase of the distance between the gate and the two-dimensional electron-gas channel, the threshold voltage shifts slightly to the negative. The reduced drain current collapse and higher breakdown voltage are observed on this AlN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The current gain cut-off frequency and the maximum frequency of oscillation are 18.5 GHz and 29.0 GHz, respectively. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  4. 60Co gamma radiation effect on AlGaN//AlN/GaN HEMT devices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Yanping; Luo Yinhong; Wang Wei; Zhang Keying; Guo Hongxia; Guo Xiaoqiang; Wang Yuanming

    2013-01-01

    The testing techniques and experimental methods of the 60 Co gamma irradiation effect on AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are established. The degradation of the electrical properties of the device under the actual radiation environment are analyzed theoretically, and studies of the total dose effects of gamma radiation on AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at three different radiation bias conditions are carried out. The degradation patterns of the main parameters of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at different doses are then investigated, and the device parameters that were sensitive to the gamma radiation induced damage and the total dose level induced device damage are obtained. (authors)

  5. Cu-segregation at the Q'/α-Al interface in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsuda, Kenji; Teguri, Daisuke; Uetani, Yasuhiro; Sato, Tatsuo; Ikeno, Susumu

    2002-01-01

    Cu segregation was detected at the Q ' /α-Al interface in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. By contrast, in a Cu-free Al-Mg-Si alloy no segregation was observed at the interface between the matrix and Type-C precipitate

  6. Effect of Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce Master Alloy on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Commercial Pure Al and Hypoeutectic Al-8Si Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wanwu Ding

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy was synthesized by a method of thermal explosion reaction in pure molten aluminum and used to modify commercial pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy. The microstructure and tensile properties of commercial pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy with different additions of Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy were investigated. The results show that the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce alloy was composed of α-Al, granular TiC, lump-like TiAl3 and block-like Ti2Al20Ce. Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 5 min can significantly refine macro grains of commercial pure Al into tiny equiaxed grains. The Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 30 min still has a good refinement effect. The tensile strength and elongation of commercial pure Al modified by the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 5 min increased by roughly 19.26% and 61.83%, respectively. Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (1.5 wt %, 10 min can significantly refine both α-Al grains and eutectic Si of hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy. The dendritic α-Al grains were significantly refined to tiny equiaxed grains. The morphology of the eutectic Si crystals was significantly refined from coarse needle-shape or lath-shape to short rod-like or grain-like eutectic Si. The tensile strength and elongation of hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy modified by the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (1.5 wt %, 10 min increased by roughly 20.53% and 50%, respectively. The change in mechanical properties corresponds to evolution of the microstructure.

  7. Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti2AlC/TiAl ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150◦C. The composite mainly consisted ... Metal–matrix composites; mechanical properties; microstructures; sintering. 1. Introduction γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys have been extensively.

  8. Stagnation of the exploitation of Al ores and the depression of world prices of Al

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Slavkovský Jozef

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available In the contribution, data on Al – a metal of the 20th century are compiled together with the problems of genesis of the Al mineral raw ma-terials as well as types of bauxite and Al-laterite deposits. Furthermore, an overview of the world exploitation of bauxite during 1935-1980 is given along with the prognoses to 2000 and present situation (1992-1996. Overviews of the production of Al follows, providing its rela-tion to the bauxite exploitation. Contrary to the prognoses, a stabilization or stagnation has been observed in the exploitation of bauxite and production of Al during nineties, which a tendency is directly reflected in the world price of this commodity. When analyzing the Al prices for a longer period, some serious deviations can be noticed, that however presently represent a long-term minimum. We hope the stagnation of the production and the price decline are only temporary and new possibilities of the utilization of Al will be found soon.

  9. A study on preparation and hydriding of β-Mg2Al3 and γ-Mg17Al12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hadi Suwarno

    2009-01-01

    The mechanism of the synthetic formation of β-Mg 2 Al 3 and γ-Mg 17 Al 12 has been studied. Mechanical alloying of Mg and Al powders with the atomic ratio of Mg:Al = 2:3 in toluene solution yields β-Mg 2 Al 3 compound after milling for 30 h. The γ-Mg 17 Al 12 can be formed by heating the β-Mg 2 Al 3 at 430°C under high vacuum. The measured hydrogen capacities of β-Mg 2 Al 3 and γ-Mg 17 Al 12 as hydride at 300°C are 3.2 and 4.9 wt%, respectively. Microstructure of the Mg-Al specimen shows that on hydriding at 300°C the polygonal shape of the γ-Mg 17 Al 12 changes into irregular shapes which are composed of γ-MgH 2 and Al. (author)

  10. Marinbiologisk optegnelse i NUḪBAT AL-DAHR FĪ ʿAǦ ʾIB AL-BARR WA-AL-BAḤR

    OpenAIRE

    Provencal, Philippe

    2014-01-01

    I det arabiske geografiske værk NUḪBAT AL-DAHR FĪ ʿAǦ ʾIB AL-BARR WA-AL-BAḤR (færdigskrevet mellem 1324 og 1327) fra omtales seks dyr fra Adenbugten. Det dreje sig om savrokke, kuglefisk, pilrokke, pindsvinefisk og hvalhaj. Det sidste dyr har ikke kunnet bestemmes. Artiklen bringer en oversættelse af optegnelsen til engelsk samt både en filologisk som en biologisk kommentar. The aim of this article is to present a medieval Arabic report regarding sixanimals from the Gulf of Aden, to provid...

  11. MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING IN URBAN (Case Study: Al Markas Al Islamic Mosque Makassar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Imriyanti Imriyanti

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Mosque Architecture is a part of Islamic architecture. Mosque should be fused with elements of nature because its function as a place to pray to God who created the universe. Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar mosque is used as a center of Islamic aspirations of the people and the government to accommodate all the activities of moslems in Makassar. Through this function, the provision of Al Markas Al Islamic mosque began from the desire of Islamic societies in Makassar, which wants the Islamic center to be equipped with facilities and infrastructure as well as architectural, monumental buildings and structures that can be last for hundreds of years (continuous, blend with the environment, and also can be used by the public. Having regard to the function of a mosque especially at the Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar mosque, then the problem that arise is how the Al Markas Al Islamic mosque can be survived/sustainable  in order  to function  as a place  of worship  and  as a center  of Islam.  This research  is a descriptive qualitative research that is trying to generate data in the form of systematic and accurate picture of the object of study. The sustaiprophetlity  of Al Markas AL Islamic mosque can be known through the concept of Islam  in accordance with the view of Islam as well as the sustaiprophetlity of the buildings that seen in the spatial pattern of the mosque, appearance, natural lighting, natural ventilation, and user behavior of the mosque. Keywords: mosque architecture, sustaiprophetlity, view of Islam     Abstrak Arsitektur masjid merupakan bagian dari arsitektur Islam. Bangunan masjid sebaiknya dapat menyatu dengan unsur alam karena masjid difungsikan sebagai wadah dalam bersujud/sembahyang  kepada Allah SWT yang menciptakan alam semesta ini. Masjid Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar merupakan kompleks kegiatan Islam yang digunakan sebagai pusat aspirasi masyarakat  dan pemerintahan  yang dapat menampung

  12. Adhesive and tribocorrosive behavior of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayers sputtered coatings over CoCrMo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Canto, C. E.; Andrade, E.; Rocha, M. F.; Alemón, B.; Flores, M.

    2017-09-01

    The tribocorrosion resistance and adherence of multilayer coatings of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl synthesized by PVD reactive magnetron sputtering over a CoCrMo alloy substrate in 10 periods of 30 min each were analyzed and compared to those of the substrate alone and to that of a TiAlPtN single layer coating of the same thickness. The objective of the present work was to create multilayers with different amounts of Pt in order to enhance the tribocorrosion resistance of a biomedical alloy of CoCrMo. Tribocorrosion tests were performed using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at typical body temperature with a tribometer in a pin on disk test. The elemental composition and thickness of the coating which behave better at the tribocorrosion tests were evaluated by means of RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) IBA (Ion Beam Analysis) technique, using an alpha particles beam of 1.8 MeV, before and after the reciprocating motion in the tribocorrosion test. In order to simulate the elemental profile of the samples, the SIMNRA simulation computer code was used. Measurements of the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate were carried on by means of a scratch test using a tribometer. By taking micrographs of the produced tracks, the critical loads at which the coatings are fully separated from the substrate were determined. From these tests it was observed that a coating with 10 min of TiAlPtN in a TiAlPtN/TiAl period of 30 min in multilayers of 10 periods and with an average thickness of 145 nm for the TiAlPtN nanolayers had the best tribocorrosion resistance behavior, compared to that of the CoCrMo alloy. The RBS experiments showed a reduction of the thickness of the films along with some loss of the multilayer structure after the reciprocating motion. The adhesion tests indicated that the multilayer with the average TiAlPtN thickness of 145 nm displayed the highest critical load. These results indicate a high correlation between the adherence and the tribocorrosion behavior.

  13. Microstructure of Reaction Zone Formed During Diffusion Bonding of TiAl with Ni/Al Multilayer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simões, Sónia; Viana, Filomena; Koçak, Mustafa; Ramos, A. Sofia; Vieira, M. Teresa; Vieira, Manuel F.

    2012-05-01

    In this article, the characterization of the interfacial structure of diffusion bonding a TiAl alloy is presented. The joining surfaces were modified by Ni/Al reactive multilayer deposition as an alternative approach to conventional diffusion bonding. TiAl substrates were coated with alternated Ni and Al nanolayers. The nanolayers were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering with 14 nm of period (bilayer thickness). Joining experiments were performed at 900 °C for 30 and 60 min with a pressure of 5 MPa. Cross sections of the joints were prepared for characterization of their interfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Several intermetallic compounds form at the interface, assuring the bonding of the TiAl. The interface can be divided into three distinct zones: zone 1 exhibits elongated nanograins, very small equiaxed grains are observed in zone 2, while zone 3 has larger equiaxed grains. EBSD analysis reveals that zone 1 corresponds to the intermetallic Al2NiTi and AlNiTi, and zones 2 and 3 to NiAl.

  14. Al-quran dalam Perspektif Budaya

    OpenAIRE

    Sudrajat, Ajat

    2009-01-01

    Al-Quran merupakan kitab suci terakhir yang diturunkan kepada manusia. Tujuan utama diturunkannya al-Quran adalah sebagai kitab petunjuk yang meliputi bidang akidah, syariah, dan akhlak. Akan tetapi di luar ketiga petunjuk tersebut, al-Quran telah memberikan motivasi dan inspirasi kepada umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan sehingga melahirkan jenis budaya tertentu. Dialog intelektual yang dilakukan secara kreatif oleh umat Islam terhadap al-Quran ternyata telah menghasilkan lahirnya ge...

  15. ITIJAHAT KAUN AL-NABI WA AL-RASUL FI SYAKHSIYAH MUHAMMAD FI NATSR MAULID AL-BARZANJI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Himmah Istomah

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available One of human personalities is humanist. Based on the understanding of Maslow’s theory of motivation, researcher seeks to uncover kinds of motivational needs of Muhammad Saw contained in Maulid Al-Barzanjiy (the work of Ja 'far bin Hasan al-Barzanji (d. 1763 M. The goal is realized through a descriptive qualitative approach with  text analysis  about Psycholiterature of Endraswara. The results of this study indicate that in Maulid Al-Barzanji there are Muhammad Saw’s five needs and how their satisfying perfectly,  namely: physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. Thus, it can be interpreted that Muhammad SAW as an ordinary human having motivational needs. His prophetic and apostleship honor is not a direct blessing from Allah, but he had been through some complicated processes in life. This can be applied by his followers, so they can complete their motivational needs to reach the satiation as a caliph and to be useful person in this world.

  16. Microstructure and bonding mechanism of Al/Ti bonded joint using Al-10Si-1Mg filler metal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sohn, Woong H.; Bong, Ha H.; Hong, Soon H.

    2003-01-01

    The microstructures and liquid state diffusion bonding mechanism of cp-Ti to 1050 Al using an Al-10.0wt.%Si-1.0wt.%Mg filler metal with 100 μm in thickness have been investigated at 620 deg. C under 1x10 -4 Torr. The effects of bonding process parameters on microstructure of bonded joint have been analyzed by using an optical microscope, AES, scanning electron microscopy and EDS. The interfacial bond strength of Al/Ti bonded joints was measured by the single lap shear test. The results show that the bonding at the interface between Al and filler metal proceeds by wetting the Al with molten filler metal, and followed by removal of oxide layer on surface of Al. The interface between Al and filler metal moved during the isothermal solidification of filler metal by the diffusion of Si from filler metal into Al layer. The interface between Al and filler metal became curved in shape with increasing bonding time due to capillary force at grain boundaries. The bonding at the interface between Ti and filler metal proceeds by the formation of two different intermetallic compound layers, identified as Al 5 Si 12 Ti 7 and Al 12 Si 3 Ti 5 , followed by the growth of the intermetallic compound layers. The interfacial bond strength at Al/Ti joint increased with increasing bonding time up to 25 min at 620 deg. C. However, the interfacial bond strength of Al/Ti joint decreased after bonding time of 25 min at 620 deg. C due to formation of cavities in Al near Al/intermetallic interfaces

  17. Micromechanisms of fracture and fatigue in Ti3Al based and TiAl based intermetallics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    James, A.W.; Chave, R.A.; Hippsley, C.A.; Bowen, P.

    1993-01-01

    Micromechanisms of fracture and fatigue crack growth resistance in specific Ti 3 Al based and TiAl based intermetallics are reviewed. Effects of test temperature, environment and microstructure on crack growth resistance are considered in detail for several Ti 3 Al and Ti'Al based intermetallic systems under development. The implications of these studies for the structural reliability of these materials is also addressed briefly. (orig.)

  18. Core electron binding energy shifts of AlBr3 and Al2Br6 vapor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mueller, Astrid M.; Plenge, Juergen; Leone, Stephen R.; Canton, Sophie E.; Rude, Bruce S.; Bozek, John D.

    2006-01-01

    The Al 2p and Br 3d inner-shell photoelectron spectra of aluminum tribromide monomer and dimer vapor were measured at 90 and 95 eV photon energy, respectively, to determine the core electron binding energies of the atoms in the two molecular species. While AlBr 3 has three identical Br atoms, Al 2 Br 6 exhibits four terminal and two bridging Br atoms. The species are identified by their distinct valence photoelectron spectra. Comparison of the observed Al 2p 1/2 and Al 2p 3/2 electron binding energies of AlBr 3 with those of Al 2 Br 6 shows that there is a chemical shift of (0.15 ± 0.03) eV to lower energy in the dimer. In Al 2 Br 6 , an assignment is proposed in which the Br 3d 3/2 and Br 3d 5/2 binding energies of terminal Br atoms are (1.18 ± 0.03) eV lower than those of bridging Br atoms. This assignment assumes that both types of Br atoms have similar cross-sections for ionization. With this result, the Br 3d 3/2 and Br 3d 5/2 binding energies of Br atoms in AlBr 3 are (0.81 ± 0.03) eV lower than those of bridging Br atoms of the dimer but (0.37 ± 0.03) eV higher than those of terminal Br atoms of the dimer. The obtained chemical shifts are considered in terms of the binding relations and electron density distributions in both molecules. Chemical shifts that are larger than a few hundred millielectron volts, as observed in the Al 2 Br 6 /AlBr 3 system, offer potential to study the dissociation dynamics of the dimer in a femtosecond visible or ultraviolet-pump/XUV-probe experiment

  19. PENDEKATAN HERMENEUTIK DALAM PEMAHAMAN HADIS (Kajian Kitab Fath al-Bari Karya Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agusni Yahya

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The hadith explanation book of Sahih al-Bukhari written by Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, is one of the most pupular books in Moslem ummah. Is widely used by Moslem scholars to meet the meanings of hadiths compiled by the imam al-Bukhari in his Sahih al-Bukhari. Fath al-Bari is considered significant to do the research on it in order to develop the science of hadith, mainly through the hermeneutic method. By using this method, the research questions are: 1. How does Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani explain the matans (hadith texts of Sahih al Bukhari in connection with hermeneutic method? 2. What are the hermeneutic principles used by Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani in his explanations of hadith? This research is expected to respond the research questions above so that it can be implimented the field of hadith in relation to develop hadith methodology. Finally, the research uncover that in his explanations of hadiths,  Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani is oriented his world views to the classical Islam, the era of Prophet’s companions and their successors, the Salaf al-Salih. He does not express the Islamic world issues available in his time in his explanations of the hadiths. He is considered a normative ‘ulama since he is not influenced by the emerging cases situated his time in Egypt, Mecca and Madina. He tends to be textual to explain the matans of hadiths although to some extent he uncovers the historical contexts of the hadiths he explains. This is common for a muhadith  whose main jobs is to collect and narrate the whole data on Prophet's sayings, acts and permissions either on sanads (narrators or matans (texts.Keywords:  Fath al-Bari; sharh al-hadith; hermeneutik.

  20. Oltre lo spazio e il tempo la nuova fisica

    CERN Document Server

    Lachièze-Rey, Marc

    2004-01-01

    Oggi la fisica si fonda, allo stesso tempo, sulla meccanica quantistica e sulla relatività generale. Ma, in quanto veri e propri sistemi di pensiero, queste due teorie suggeriscono due distinte visioni del mondo, non conciliabili nel quadro di una descrizione unificata. Se dunque la fisica attuale si rivela inadeguata, occorre costruirne una nuova, percorrendo fino in fondo la via geometrica. Supersimmetria, stringhe e superstringhe, gravità e cosmologia quantistiche, geometria non commutativa: nuove audaci ipotesi al servizio di nuove teorie che rinnovano la nostra concezione dello spazio, del tempo, della materia e dell'Universo, e che trovano nel volume una presentazione chiara e accessibile anche a un pubblico di non specialisti.

  1. Un solo universo o infiniti universi ?

    CERN Document Server

    Davies, Paul

    1998-01-01

    Presentato dal Washington Times come "il miglior scrittore di scienza sulle due sponde dell'Atlantico", Paul Davies conferma con questo libro la sua fama di imbattibile divulgatore scientifico. Fin dalle prime pagine il lettore dimentica le vesti accademiche del professore universitario e si lascia catturare dal vivace racconto delle sfide, vecchie e nuove, della scienza. Davies traduce i concetti più complicati in un linguaggio semplice e focalizza l'attenzione sui grandi temi della cosmologia e dell'astronomia: la possibilità, aperta dalla fisica moderna, della coesistenza di più "universi", il viaggio nel tempo, i buchi neri, la gravità quantistica, il rapporto tra scienza e religione. La tensione didattica e la grande vocazione comunicativa sono le due anime di quest'opera, che ha tutti i crismi del lavoro scientifico e il ritmo appassionante della narrativa. Chi legge Davies può imparare divertendosi e scoprire attraverso la scienza che la nostra esistenza ha un senso.

  2. Fisica Virgo, cosi' raccontera' origine universo

    CERN Multimedia

    Battifogloia, E

    2003-01-01

    "Permettera' di avvicinarsi all'attimo del Big Bang con una precisione senza precedenti, l'antenna Virgo per le onde gravitazionali inaugurata oggi a Cascina, vicino Pisa, e nata da un progetto italo-francese coordinato dall'Istituto nazionale di Fisica Nucleare e dal Centro francese per le Ricerche Scientifiche" (1 page)

  3. Ho riscritto la formula dell'universo

    CERN Multimedia

    Valsecchi, Cristina

    2007-01-01

    The space-time is a double-face sheet. Therefore, a french mathematician found a model of the cosmos that reconcile relativity and quantic mechanics. But definitely rejects the very more famous String Theory. (4 pages)

  4. LA MÚSICA HARDCORE EN BOGOTÁ: CONVICCIÓN-PERSEVERANCIA Y VALOR ACERCAMIENTO AL QUEHACER HUMANO-ARTÍSTICO Y PRODUCTIVO DE BANDAS Y GESTORES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Vidal Arizabaleta

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo corresponde al estudio social realizado a los jóvenes de Bogotá que participan, viven y desarrollan actividades musicales relacionadas con el género musical de música alternativa, denominado "hardcore"3 , término que en inglés se utiliza con frecuencia para identificar un amplio espectro de experiencias musicales que describen lo extremo o aquello que roza los límites de lo habitual. El universo de la música es una de las experiencias de negocios de mayor impacto y realización en el mundo actual. Su multiplicidad, evolución y apertura en estilos y géneros de expresión e interpretación conjuga, de un lado, el sentimiento humano en la forma de vivencias, denuncias, inconformismos, emociones, pasiones, deseos y sueños presentes en las líricas y sonidos entrecruzados y, de otro lado, capital simbólico -en el sentido de Pierre Bourdieu-, capacidad de interrogar lo social, de denunciar, examinar críticamente y de orientar acciones sociales efectivas, visibles como proyectos de vida en general. Bogotá, por ser la ciudad capital, es un lugar privilegiado en donde confluyen diversas culturas y subculturas, imaginarios y estilos que conforman la vida orgánica de los jóvenes expresada a través de las propuestas musicales de los diferentes grupos. En la esfera comercial se presentan antagonismos, realizaciones, emprendimientos, propuestas innovadoras: fusiones, en fin, un sinnúmero de prácticas que nutren la experiencia cotidiana. En este contexto, el proyecto se orientó a la identificación y caracterización de los grupos que tienen una unidad de negocio alrededor de una propuesta musical de tipo alternativo: Hardcore o sus derivados.

  5. Thermophysical properties of αAl2O3, MgAl2O4 and AlN at low tempertures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Burghartz, S.

    1995-12-01

    A possibility for producing energy in future might be the nuclear fusion. The process of nuclear fusion is characterized by melting nuclei of hydrogen atoms (deuterium and tritium) which yield to the production of helium atom nuclei. For this process extremely high temperatures of the deuterium-tritium-gas plasma are necessary. The additional heating of the plasma by microwaves requires materials with low diaelectric losses and high thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity can be increased by cooling the windows which lead to the plasma chambre. Experimental investigations with the aim to check the influence of liquid nitrogen (T=70 K) on the cooling of the windows were performed in the temperature region 70 K 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and AlN were measured. The thermal conductivity can be calculated using the equation λ=αc p ρ λ=thermal conductivity α=thermal diffusivity c p =specific heat (at constant pressure) ρ=density. Furthermore a theoretical method to calculate the thermal conductivity at low temperatures is presented; this is done by using a model modification of heat transport in electric insulators. As result the influence of intrinsic parameters (crystal structure, interatomar binding, anharmonicity) and extrinsic parameters (point defects, dislocations, boundary areas) upon thermal conductivity of α-Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and AlN are achieved. (orig.)

  6. Grain refinement of Al wrought alloys with newly developed AlTiC master alloys; Kornfeinung von Al-Knetlegierungen mit neu entwickelten AlTiC-Vorlegierungen

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schneider, W. [Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, Bonn (Germany). Forschung und Entwicklung

    2000-10-01

    AlTiC master alloys are a new grain refiner type to produce an equiaxed grain structure of cast extrusion and rolling ingots. These master alloys contain Ti carbides which act as nucleants of the {alpha} solid solution during solidification. The TiC content is lower than the TiB{sub 2} content of the industrial proved AlTiB master alloys. Benefits of the AlTiC master alloys are the low agglomeration tendency of the Ti carbides in the melt and that no Zr poisoning takes place. Despite of the low Ti carbide content the grain refinement performance can be very efficient, if low melt temperatures during casting will be used and as result of this a sufficient constitutional supercooling at the solidification front is achieved. (orig.)

  7. Advanced life support (ALS) instructors experience of ALS education in Western Australia: a qualitative exploratory research study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taplin, John; McConigley, Ruth

    2015-04-01

    When cardiac arrest occurs, timely competent advanced life support (ALS) interventions by nursing staff can influence patient outcomes. Ongoing ALS education influences maintenance of competency and avoids skill decay. To explore the methods of ALS education delivery for nurses in the workplace; describe the issues relating to maintaining ALS competency; explore ALS competency decay for nurses and develop recommendations for the provision of continuing ALS education. A qualitative exploratory design was used to study ALS education provision in the workplace. Data were collected from ALS nurse experts in Western Australia by face-to-face and phone interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and organised around a set of predetermined questions. Two major themes were identified; the first theme Demand and Supply describes the increasing demand for ALS education for nurses and the challenges with providing timely cost effective traditional face-to-face ALS education. The second theme, Choosing The Best Education Options describes new ways to provide ALS education using emerging technologies. The study suggested that using e-learning methods would assist with educating the maximum amount of nurses in a timely manner and e-learning and teleconferencing offer opportunities to reach nurses in distant locations. Delivering ALS education more frequently than annually would increase skills maintenance and lessen skill decay. Further research is required to explore which blended e-learning model is best suited to ALS education. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Al-Qaeda-Syria (AQS): An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-10-01

    Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict CT Counterterrorism FF Foreign Fighter FSA Free Syrian Army GEC Global Engagement Center HTS Hay’at...war as an opportunity for the global jihadist movement, an opportunity that paralleled the one Iraq had offered a decade earlier.11 He was initially...Zawahiri’s vision of Al-Qaeda franchises oriented toward winning popular support. When al-Zawahiri published his “General Guidelines for Jihad” in

  9. Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu-Al and methyl orange intercalated Cu-Al layered double hydroxides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qu, Jun; He, Xiaoman; Chen, Min; Hu, Huimin; Zhang, Qiwu; Liu, Xinzhong

    2017-01-01

    In this study, a mechanochemical route to synthesize a Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a methyl orange (MO) intercalated one (MO-LDH) was introduced, in which basic cupric carbonate (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)_3) with Cu/Al molar ratio at 2/1 was first dry ground for 2 h and then agitated in water or methyl orange solution for another 4 h to obtain the LDH and MO-LDH products without any heating operation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products showed high crystallinity phase of Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH with no evident impurities, proving that the craft introduced here was facile and effective. The new idea can be applied in other fields to produce organic-inorganic composites. - Highlights: • A facile mechanochemical route to synthesize Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH. • The products possesses high crystalline of LDH phase with no impure phases. • The dry milling process induces the element substitution between the raw materials. • The agitation operation helps the grain growth of LDH.

  10. Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu-Al and methyl orange intercalated Cu-Al layered double hydroxides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qu, Jun, E-mail: forsjun@whut.edu.cn [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); He, Xiaoman; Chen, Min; Hu, Huimin [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Zhang, Qiwu, E-mail: zhangqw@whut.edu.cn [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Liu, Xinzhong [College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118 China (China)

    2017-04-15

    In this study, a mechanochemical route to synthesize a Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a methyl orange (MO) intercalated one (MO-LDH) was introduced, in which basic cupric carbonate (Cu{sub 2}(OH){sub 2}CO{sub 3}) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH){sub 3}) with Cu/Al molar ratio at 2/1 was first dry ground for 2 h and then agitated in water or methyl orange solution for another 4 h to obtain the LDH and MO-LDH products without any heating operation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products showed high crystallinity phase of Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH with no evident impurities, proving that the craft introduced here was facile and effective. The new idea can be applied in other fields to produce organic-inorganic composites. - Highlights: • A facile mechanochemical route to synthesize Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH. • The products possesses high crystalline of LDH phase with no impure phases. • The dry milling process induces the element substitution between the raw materials. • The agitation operation helps the grain growth of LDH.

  11. Superstructure formation in PrNi_2Al_3 and ErPd_2Al_3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eustermann, Fabian; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter; Janka, Oliver; Oldenburg Univ.

    2017-01-01

    The intermetallic phase ErPd_2Al_3 was obtained by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing for crystal growth. The sample was studied by X-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals. The structure of ErPd_2Al_3 was refined from X-ray diffraction data and revealed a superstructure of PrNi_2Al_3 - a CaCu_5 derivative (P6/m, a=1414.3(1), c=418.87(3) pm wR=0.0820, 1060 F"2 values, 48 variables). The same superstructure was subsequently found for PrNi_2Al_3 (P6/m, a=1407.87(4), c=406.19(2) pm, wR=0.0499, 904 F"2 values, 47 variables). In the crystal structure, the aluminium and transition metal atoms form a polyanionic network according to [T_2Al_3]"δ"-, while rare earth atoms fill cavities within the networks. They are coordinated by six transition metal and twelve aluminum atoms. In contrast to the PrNi_2Al_3 type structure reported so far, two crystallographic independent rare-earth sites are found of which one (1b) is shifted by 1/2 z, causing a distortion in the structure along with a recoloring of the T and Al atoms in the network.

  12. Derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento: derechos estrechamente vinculados al derecho a la vida

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Aller, Maria Celia; Luis Romero, Elena de; Guzmán Acha, Cristina

    2013-01-01

    Los derechos humanos al agua y al saneamiento están íntimamente relacionados con otros derechos esenciales para la vida, como la alimentación o la salud. Su reconocimiento como derechos humanos en 2010 marca un hito importante en el respeto, protección y realización de estos derechos, que se encuentran seriamente vulnerados para una mayoría de población más vulnerable y empobrecida, sobre todo en el ámbito rural. Mucho camino queda aún para conseguir no sólo la disponibilidad de agua y saneam...

  13. Deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Al

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Xinghang [Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)

    2016-11-10

    The objective of this project is to investigate the role of different types of layer interfaces on the formation of high density stacking fault (SF) in Al in Al/fcc multilayers, and understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms of the films. Stacking faults or twins can be intentionally introduced (via growth) into certain fcc metals with low stacking fault energy (such as Cu, Ag and 330 stainless steels) to achieve high strength, high ductility, superior thermal stability and good electrical conductivity. However it is still a major challenge to synthesize these types of defects into metals with high stacking fault energy, such as Al. Although deformation twins have been observed in some nanocrystalline Al powders by low temperature, high strain rate cryomilling or in Al at the edge of crack tip or indentation (with the assistance of high stress intensity factor), these deformation techniques typically introduce twins sporadically and the control of deformation twin density in Al is still not feasible. This project is designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Certain type of layer interfaces may assist the formation of SF in Al, (2) Al with high density SF may have deformation mechanisms drastically different from those of coarse-grained Al and nanotwinned Cu. To test these hypotheses, we have performed the following tasks: (i) Investigate the influence of layer interfaces, stresses and deposition parameters on the formation and density of SF in Al. (ii) Understand the role of SF on the deformation behavior of Al. In situ nanoindentation experiments will be performed to probe deformation mechanisms in Al. The major findings related to the formation mechanism of twins and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metals include the followings: 1) Our studies show that nanotwins can be introduced into metals with high stacking fault energy, in drastic contrast to the general anticipation. 2) We show two strategies that can effectively introduce growth twins in

  14. Deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Al

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Xinghang

    2016-01-01

    The objective of this project is to investigate the role of different types of layer interfaces on the formation of high density stacking fault (SF) in Al in Al/fcc multilayers, and understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms of the films. Stacking faults or twins can be intentionally introduced (via growth) into certain fcc metals with low stacking fault energy (such as Cu, Ag and 330 stainless steels) to achieve high strength, high ductility, superior thermal stability and good electrical conductivity. However it is still a major challenge to synthesize these types of defects into metals with high stacking fault energy, such as Al. Although deformation twins have been observed in some nanocrystalline Al powders by low temperature, high strain rate cryomilling or in Al at the edge of crack tip or indentation (with the assistance of high stress intensity factor), these deformation techniques typically introduce twins sporadically and the control of deformation twin density in Al is still not feasible. This project is designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Certain type of layer interfaces may assist the formation of SF in Al, (2) Al with high density SF may have deformation mechanisms drastically different from those of coarse-grained Al and nanotwinned Cu. To test these hypotheses, we have performed the following tasks: (i) Investigate the influence of layer interfaces, stresses and deposition parameters on the formation and density of SF in Al. (ii) Understand the role of SF on the deformation behavior of Al. In situ nanoindentation experiments will be performed to probe deformation mechanisms in Al. The major findings related to the formation mechanism of twins and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metals include the followings: 1) Our studies show that nanotwins can be introduced into metals with high stacking fault energy, in drastic contrast to the general anticipation. 2) We show two strategies that can effectively introduce growth twins in

  15. Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al-18Si Alloy Modified with Al-3B.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gong, Chunjie; Tu, Hao; Wu, Changjun; Wang, Jianhua; Su, Xuping

    2018-03-20

    An hypereutectic Al-18Si alloy was modified via an Al-3B master alloy. The effect of the added Al-3B and the modification temperature on the microstructure, tensile fracture morphologies, and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated using an optical microscope, Image-Pro Plus 6.0, a scanning electron microscope, and a universal testing machine. The results show that the size of the primary Si and its fraction decreased at first, and then increased as an additional amount of Al-3B was added. When the added Al-3B reached 0.2 wt %, the fraction of the primary Si in the Al-18Si alloy decreased with an increase in temperature. Compared with the unmodified Al-18Si alloy, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy modified at 850 °C with 0.2 wt % Al-3B increased by 25% and 81%, respectively. The tensile fracture of the modified Al-18Si alloy exhibited partial ductile fracture characteristics, but there were more areas with ductile characteristics compared with that of the unmodified Al-18Si alloy.

  16. 26Mg(p,n)26Al and 23Na(α,n)26Al reactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skelton, R.T.

    1985-01-01

    Cross sections for the 26 Mg(p,n) 26 Al reaction were measured from threshold at 4.988 MeV to 5.820 MeV. Cross sections for the 23 Na(α,n) 26 Al reaction were measured from threshold at 3.483 MeV to 4.597 MeV. In each case, separate measurements were to the ground state and to the first and second excited states of 26 Al. Cross sections for the inverse reactions were calculated and reaction rate factors relating to the destruction of 26 Al in a supernova environment were determined. Astrophysical implications relating to the observation of live and extinct 26 Al are discussed. Excitation functions for several additional exit channels for the 26 Mg + rho and 23 Na + α reactions are reported

  17. effect of the parameters of AlN/GaN/AlGaN and AlN/GaN/InAlN heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on their electrical properties and the characteristics of transistors on their basis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsatsulnikov, A. F., E-mail: andrew@beam.ioffe.ru [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation); Lundin, V. W.; Zavarin, E. E.; Yagovkina, M. A.; Sakharov, A. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physical–Technical Institute (Russian Federation); Usov, S. O. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation); Zemlyakov, V. E.; Egorkin, V. I. [National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) (Russian Federation); Bulashevich, K. A.; Karpov, S. Yu. [“Soft-Impact” Ltd. (Russian Federation); Ustinov, V. M. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation)

    2016-10-15

    The effect of the layer thickness and composition in AlGaN/AlN/GaN and InAlN/AlN/GaN transistor heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on their electrical and the static parameters of test transistors fabricated from such heterostructures are experimentally and theoretically studied. It is shown that the use of an InAlN barrier layer instead of AlGaN results in a more than twofold increase in the carrier concentration in the channel, which leads to a corresponding increase in the saturation current. In situ dielectric-coating deposition on the InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructure surface during growth process allows an increase in the maximum saturation current and breakdown voltages while retaining high transconductance.

  18. Fabrication and thermal characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tavoosi, Majid, E-mail: ma.tavoosi@gmail.com

    2017-01-15

    In this study, the fabrication and structural characterization of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti phase has been performed. In this regards, milling and annealing processes were applied on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} (at. %) powder mixture for different periods of time. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). According to the results, supersaturated solid solution, nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti (with average crystallite size of about 7 nm) and amorphous phases indicated three different microstructures which can be formed in Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} system during milling process. The formed supersaturated solid solution and amorphous phases were unstable and transformed to Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound during annealing process. It is shown that, Al{sub 9}FeNi phase in Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound can decompose into Al{sub 3}Ni, Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} and liquid phases during a reversible peritectic reaction at 809 °C. - Highlights: • We study the effect of milling process on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} alloy. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} supersaturated solid solution phase. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} amorphous phase. • We study the thermal behaviour of Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound.

  19. Computer aided cooling curve analysis for Al-5Si and Al-11Si alloys ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The effect of grain refiner, modifier, and combination of grain refiner cum modifier was studied on Al-5Si and Al-11Si alloys using computer aided cooling curve analysis. For combined grain refinement and modification effect, Al-Ti-B-Sr single master alloy was developed that acted as both grain refiner and modifier.

  20. AL-USRCRN Station Information

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Documentation of United States Alabama Regional Climate Reference Network (AL-USRCRN) installations in 2006. Installations documented are for AL-USRCRN pilot project...

  1. Gd3+-ESR and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu4Al8 and GdMn4Al8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coldea, R.; Coldea, M.; Pop, I.

    1994-01-01

    Gd ESR of GdCu 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu 4 Al 8 , GdMn 4 Al 8 , and YMn 4 Al 8 were measured in the temperature range of 290K--460K and 90K--1050K, respectively. The occurrence of the Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 is strongly correlated with the critical value of d∼2.6 angstrom of the Mn-Mn distance below which the Mn moment is not stable. The experimental data for GdMn 4 Al 8 , compared with the data for the isostructural compounds GdCu 4 Al 8 and YMn 4 Al 8 , show that near the critical value of d, the existence of Mn moment depends not only on the value of d, but also on the local magnetic surroundings. It has been revealed that the magnetic character of Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 changes from an itinerant electron type to a local-moment type with increasing temperature

  2. Effect of AlB2-Mg interaction on the mechanical properties of Al-based composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calderon, Hermes E.; Hidalgo, Ruth G.I.; Melgarejo, Z. Humberto; Suarez, O. Marcelo

    2010-01-01

    A series of Al-based composites with a matrix containing 2.5 wt.%Cu and 1 wt.%Mg, and reinforced with Al diborides was manufactured and characterized via microscopy and mechanical testing. The impact resistance of the composites revealed interaction between AlB 2 dispersoids and Mg originally present in the Al matrix. An unexpected increase in the absorbed impact energy of composites with diborides prompted complementary experiments leading to this finding. Hardness tests were correlated to those results and provided further evidence of the interaction between Mg and the dispersoids. Additional energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffraction tests supported with crystal modeling demonstrated that Mg effectively diffused into the AlB 2 crystal producing a doped structure with an Al 1-x Mg x B 2 formula where x lies between 0.08 and 0.15.

  3. Potential skin involvement in ALS: revisiting Charcot's observation - a review of skin abnormalities in ALS.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paré, Bastien; Gros-Louis, François

    2017-07-26

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Interestingly, many skin changes have been reported in ALS patients, but never as yet fully explained. These observations could be due to the common embryonic origin of the skin and neural tissue known as the ectodermal germ layer. Following the first observation in ALS patients' skin by Dr Charcot in the 19th century, in the absence of bedsores unlike other bedridden patients, other morphological and molecular changes have been observed. Thus, the skin could be of interest in the study of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes skin changes reported in the literature over the years and discusses about a novel in vitro ALS tissue-engineered skin model, derived from patients, for the study of ALS.

  4. Effects of O in a binary-phase TiAl-Ti3Al alloy: from site occupancy to interfacial energetics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wei Ye; Xu Huibin; Zhou Hongbo; Zhang Ying; Lu Guanghong

    2011-01-01

    We have investigated site occupancy and interfacial energetics of a TiAl-Ti 3 Al binary-phase system with O using a first-principles method. Oxygen is shown to energetically occupy the Ti-rich octahedral interstitial site, because O prefers to bond with Ti rather than Al. The occupancy tendency of O in TiAl alloy from high to low is α 2 -Ti 3 Al to the γ-α 2 interface and γ-TiAl. We demonstrate that O can largely affect the mechanical properties of the TiAl-Ti 3 Al system. Oxygen at the TiAl-Ti 3 Al interface reduces both the cleavage energy and the interface energy, and thus weakens the interface strength but strongly stabilizes the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface with the O 2 molecule as a reference. Consequently, the mechanical property variation of TiAl alloy due to the presence of O not only depends on the number of TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfaces but also is related to the O concentration in the alloy.

  5. A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li Jianing, E-mail: ljnljn1022@163.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Chen Chuanzhong [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Squartini, Tiziano [INFM-Department of Physics, Siena University, Siena 53100 (Italy); He Qingshan [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China)

    2010-12-15

    Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

  6. Synthesis behavior of nanocrystalline Al-Al2O3 composite during low time mechanical milling process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alizadeh, Mostafa; Aliabadi, Morteza Mirzaei

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → In the low time milling the effect of Al 2 O 3 amount is investigated → Al 2 O 3 particles are distributed uniformly in the Al matrix → In the low time milling it is possible to produce nanostructured composite powder → Median size and bulk density measurements demonstrate reaching the steady state. - Abstract: In this work, four different volume fractions of Al 2 O 3 (10, 20, 30 and 40 vol.%) were mixed with the fine Al powder and the powder blends were milled for 5 h. Scanning electron microscopy analysis, particle size analysis and bulk density measurements were used to investigate the morphological changes and achieving the steady state conditions. The results showed that increasing the Al 2 O 3 content can provide the steady state particle size in 5 h milling process. It was found that increasing the volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 leads to increasing the uniformity of Al 2 O 3 . Standard deviations of microhardness measurements confirmed this result. The XRD pattern and XRF investigations depicted that increasing the Al 2 O 3 content causes an increase in the crystal defects, micro-strain and Fe contamination during 5 h milling process of nanocrystalline composite powders while the grain size is decreased. To investigate the effect of milling time, Al-30 vol.% Al 2 O 3 (which achieved steady state during 5 h milling process) was milled for 1-4 h. The results depicted that the milling time lower than 5 h, do not achieve to steady state conditions.

  7. Study of the ternary alloy systems Al-Ni-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru with special regard to quasicrystalline phases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lemmerz, U.

    1996-07-01

    Two ternary alloy-systems, the Al-Ni-Fe system and the Al-Cu-Ru system were studied with special regard to quasicrystalline phases. Isothermal sections were established in both systems in the stoichiometric area of the quasicrystalline phase. In the Al-Ni-Fe system a new stable decagonal phase was found. Its stoichiometric range is very small around Al 71.6 Ni 23.0 Fe 5.4 . The temperature range in which it is stable lies between 847 and 930 C. The decagonal phase undergoes a eutectoid reaction to the three crystalline phases Al 3 Ni 2 , Al 3 Ni and Al 13 Fe 4 at 847 C. It melts peritectically at 930 C forming Al 13 Fe 4 , Al 3 Ni 2 and a liquid. The investigations in the Al-Cu-Ru system concentrated on the phase equilibria between the icosahedral phase and its neighbouring phases in a temperature range between 600 and 1000 C. The icosahedral phase was observed in the whole temperature range. The investigated stoichiometric area extends down to Al contents of 45%, which allows the fields of existence to be determined for the ternary phases α-AlCuRu, the icosahedral phase and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. Binary phases were determined down to the upper (high Al content) border of AlRu. No hitherto unknown phase was observed in the investigated area. Rietveld analyses were carried out on α-AlCuRu and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru showing some discrepancies from the α-AlMnSi structure taken as a base for α-AlCuRu and confirming the Al 7 Cu 2 Fe structure for Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. (orig.)

  8. Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys: Phase composition, texture, and anisotropy of mechanical properties (Review)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Betsofen, S. Ya.; Antipov, V. V.; Knyazev, M. I.

    2016-04-01

    The results of studying the phase transformations, the texture formation, and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties in Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys are generalized. A technique and equations are developed to calculate the amounts of the S1 (Al2MgLi), T1 (Al2CuLi), and δ' (Al3Li) phases. The fraction of the δ' phase in Al-Cu-Li alloys is shown to be significantly higher than in Al-Mg-Li alloys. Therefore, the role of the T1 phase in the hardening of Al-Cu-Li alloys is thought to be overestimated, especially in alloys with more than 1.5% Li. A new model is proposed to describe the hardening of Al-Cu-Li alloys upon aging, and the results obtained with this model agree well with the experimental data. A texture, which is analogous to that in aluminum alloys, is shown to form in sheets semiproducts made of Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys. The more pronounced anisotropy of the properties of lithium-containing aluminum alloys is caused by a significant fraction of the ordered coherent δ' phase, the deformation mechanism in which differs radically from that in the solid solution.

  9. Pornographie als Metapher

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Schubarth

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche metaphorische Verwendungen des Pornografiebegriffs und deren Implikationen untersucht. Während die Existenz von Pornografie der feministischen Anti-Porno-Bewegung als Erklärung für die anhaltende Diskriminierung von Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften dient, nutzen rechtskonservative Kräfte den Pornografievorwurf als Rechtfertigung für die Zensur von als deviant empfundenen Identitäten und sexuellen Praktiken.This article examines different metaphorical uses of the term pornography and the resulting implications. While the existence of pornography for the feminist anti-porno movement serves as factor in the continuing discrimination of women in western societies, conservative powers on the right use the allegation of pornography as a justification for censorship of those identities and sexual practices deemed deviant.

  10. Strain Balanced AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanomembrane HEMTs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Tzu-Hsuan; Xiong, Kanglin; Park, Sung Hyun; Yuan, Ge; Ma, Zhenqiang; Han, Jung

    2017-07-25

    Single crystal semiconductor nanomembranes (NM) are important in various applications such as heterogeneous integration and flexible devices. This paper reports the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN NMs and NM high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). Electrochemical etching is used to slice off single-crystalline AlGaN/GaN layers while preserving their microstructural quality. A double heterostructure design with a symmetric strain profile is employed to ensure minimal residual strain in freestanding NMs after release. The mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), formed by the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, is noticeably superior to previously reported values of many other NMs. AlGaN/GaN nanomembrane HEMTs are fabricated on SiO 2 and flexible polymeric substrates. Excellent electrical characteristics, including a high ON/OFF ratio and transconductance, suggest that III-Nitrides nanomembranes are capable of supporting high performance applications.

  11. Validated thermodynamic prediction of AlP and eutectic (Si) solidification sequence in Al-Si cast alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liang, S M; Schmid-Fetzer, R

    2016-01-01

    The eutectic microstructure in hypoeutectic Al-Si cast alloys is strongly influenced by AlP particles which are potent nuclei for the eutectic (Si) phase. The solidification sequence of AlP and (Si) phases is, thus, crucial for the nucleation of eutectic silicon with marked impact on its morphology. This study presents this interdependence between Si- and P-compositions, relevant for Al-Si cast alloys, on the solidification sequence of AlP and (Si). These data are predicted from a series of thermodynamic calculations. The predictions are based on a self-consistent thermodynamic description of the Al-Si-P ternary alloy system developed recently. They are validated by independent experimental studies on microstructure and undercooling in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. A constrained Scheil solidification simulation technique is applied to predict the undercooling under clean heterogeneous nucleation conditions, validated by dedicated experimental observations on entrained droplets. These specific undercooling values may be very large and their quantitative dependence on Si and P content of the Al alloy is presented. (paper)

  12. Phase diagrams of aluminium alloys of Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Mg-Si-Cu, and Al-Mg-Li system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ber, L.B.; Kaputkin, E.Ya.

    2001-01-01

    Isothermal diagrams of phase transformations (DPT) and temperature-time charts (TTC) of variation of electric conductivity and of mechanical features at tension were plotted following thermal treatment according to the pattern of direct hardening and ageing and according to the pattern of normal aging for D16 commercial alloy, Al-Cu-Mg model alloy of the same system, AD37 commercial alloys of Al-Mg-Si-Cu and 1424 one of Al-Li-Mg system. Phase transformations were studied by means of fluorescence electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, X-ray phase analysis of single crystals and polycrystals and differential scanning calorimetry. For every alloy comparison of TTC and DPT enables to clarity the mechanism of phase composition effect on features and to optimize conditions of hardening cooling and ageing [ru

  13. Superhydrophobic ZnAl double hydroxide nanostructures and ZnO films on Al and glass substrates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De, Debasis, E-mail: debasis.de@bcrec.ac.in [Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Dr. B C Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, West Bengal 713206 (India); Sarkar, D.K. [Centre Universitaire de Recherche sur l' Aluminium (CURAL), L' Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Blvd. Université, Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1 (Canada)

    2017-01-01

    Superhydrophobic nanostructured ZnAl: layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and ZnO films have been fabricated on Al and glass substrates, respectively, by a simple and cost effective chemical bath deposition technique. Randomly oriented hexagonal patterned of ZnAl: LDHs thin nanoplates are clearly observed on Al-substrate in the scanning electron microscopic images. The average size of these hexagonal plates is ∼4 μm side and ∼30 nm of thickness. While on the glass substrate, a oriented hexagonal patterned ZnO nanorods (height ∼5 μm and 1 μm diameter) are observed and each rod is further decorated throughout the top few nanometers with several nanosteps. At the top of the nanorod, a perfectly hexagonal patterned ZnO surface with ∼250 nm sides is observed. The tendency to form hexagonal morphological features is due to the hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO confirmed from X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy image. The ZnAl: LDHs and/or ZnO coated substrates have been passivated by using stearic acid (SA) molecules. Infrared spectra of passivated ZnAl: LDHs coated substrates confirm the presence of SA. X-ray diffraction pattern also corroborates the results of infrared spectrum. The contact angle of the as prepared samples is zero. The superhydrophobicity is achieved by observing contact angle of ∼161° with a hysteresis of ∼4° for Al-substrate. On the glass substrate, a higher contact angle of ∼168° with a lower hysteresis of ∼3° is observed. A lower surface roughness of ∼4.93 μm is measured on ZnAl: LDHs surface layer on the Al substrate as compare to a higher surface roughness of 6.87 μm measured on ZnO layer on glass substrate. The superhydrophobicity of passivated nanostructured films on two different substrates is observed due to high surface roughness and low surface energy. - Highlights: • ZnAl: layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoplates are fabricated on Al substrate. • ZnO nanorods are fabricated on

  14. Formation of Nb3Al in powder processed Nb-Al superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Johnson, P.E.

    1987-05-01

    In high magnetic fields, the critical current density is strongly dependent on the upper critical field, which is determined primarily by the stoichiometry of the Nb 3 Al. The critical temperature (T/sub c/), like the upper critical field, is considered to be a measure of the ''intrinsic'' quality of the superconductor, indicating the stoichiometry, order, and strain. If the A15 phase is stoichiometric and well ordered, a high T/sub c/ (and high H/sub C 2 /) is expected, regardless of the volume fraction of superconductor. On the other hand, if sigma phase is present with the A15, the resultant composition gradient across the sigma-A15 interface(s) requires that some of the A15 be off-stoichiometric, and therefore that the T/sub c/ (and H/sub C 2 /) be low. Thus the extent of the A15 (Nb 3 Al) reaction and the quality of the A15 formed are interdependent. This work focuses on the factors that control the extent of Nb 3 Al formation in Nb/Al powder wires. The morphology and content of the reacted and unreacted wires are studied in optical, SEM, and TEM micrographs. Critical current density data and its dependence on processing are explained in terms of the unreacted microstructure and its effect on the extent of Nb 3 Al formation. As a method of improving the critical current density, a new variation of the conventional powder process for wire manufacturing is developed and tested

  15. Al-Si/B{sub 4}C composite coatings on Al-Si substrate by plasma spray technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sarikaya, Ozkan [Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54187 (Turkey); Anik, Selahaddin [Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54187 (Turkey); Aslanlar, Salim [Sakarya University, Faculty of Technical Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54187 (Turkey); Cem Okumus, S. [Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54187 (Turkey); Celik, Erdal [Dokuz Eylul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Buca, Izmir 35160 (Turkey)]. E-mail: erdal.celik@deu.edu.tr

    2007-07-01

    Plasma-sprayed coatings of Al-Si/B{sub 4}C have been prepared on Al-Si piston alloys for diesel engine motors. The Al-Si/B{sub 4}C composite powders including 5-25 wt% B{sub 4}C were prepared by mixing and ball-milling processes. These powders were deposited on Al-Si substrate using an atmospheric plasma spray technique. The coatings have been characterised with respect to phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, bond strength and thermal expansion. It was found that Al, Si, B{sub 4}C and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phases were determined in the coatings with approximately 600 {mu}m thick by using X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed that boron carbide particles were uniformly distributed in composite coatings and B{sub 4}C particles were fully wetted by Al-Si alloy. Also, no reaction products were observed in Al-Si/B{sub 4}C composite coatings. It was found that surface roughness, porosity, bond strength and thermal expansion coefficient of composite coatings decreased with increasing fraction of the boron carbide particle. It was demonstrated that the higher the B{sub 4}C content, the higher the hardness of coatings because the hardness of B{sub 4}C is higher than that of Al-Si.

  16. Fluctuations of charge variance and interaction time for dissipative processes in 27 Al + 27 Al collision

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berceanu, I.; Andronic, A.; Duma, M.

    1999-01-01

    The systematic studies of dissipative processes in light systems were completed with experiments dedicated to the measurement of the excitation functions in 19 F + 27 Al and 27 Al + 27 Al systems in order to obtain deeper insight on DNS configuration and its time evolution. The excitation function for 19 F + 27 Al system evidenced fluctuations larger than the statistical errors. Large Z and angular cross correlation coefficients supported their non-statistical nature. The energy dependence of second order observables, namely the second moment of the charge distribution and the product ω·τ (ω - the angular velocity of the DNS and τ its mean lifetime) extracted from the angular distributions were studied for 19 F + 27 Al case. In this contribution we are reporting the preliminary results of similar studies performed for 27 Al + 27 Al case. The variance of the charge distribution were obtained fitting the experimental charge distribution with a Gaussian centered on Z = 13 and the product ω·τ was extracted from the angular distributions. The results for 19 F + 27 Al case are confirmed by a preliminary analysis of the data for 27 Al + 27 Al system. The charge variance and ω·τ excitation functions for Z = 11 fragment are represented together with the excitation function of the cross section. One has to mention that the data for 27 Al + 27 Al system were not corrected for particle evaporation processes. The effect of the evaporation corrections on the excitation function was studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. The α particle evaporation was also included and the evaluation of the particle separation energies was made using experimental masses of the fragments. The excitation functions for 27 Al + 27 Al system for primary and secondary fragments were simulated. No structure due to particle evaporation was observed. The correlated fluctuations in σ Z and ω·τ excitation functions support a stochastic exchange of nucleons as the main mechanism for

  17. Unprecedented Al supersaturation in single-phase rock salt structure VAlN films by Al+ subplantation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greczynski, G.; Mráz, S.; Hans, M.; Primetzhofer, D.; Lu, J.; Hultman, L.; Schneider, J. M.

    2017-05-01

    Modern applications of refractory ceramic thin films, predominantly as wear-protective coatings on cutting tools and on components utilized in automotive engines, require a combination of excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and oxidation resistance. Conventional design approaches for transition metal nitride coatings with improved thermal and chemical stability are based on alloying with Al. It is well known that the solubility of Al in NaCl-structure transition metal nitrides is limited. Hence, the great challenge is to increase the Al concentration substantially while avoiding precipitation of the thermodynamically favored wurtzite-AlN phase, which is detrimental to mechanical properties. Here, we use VAlN as a model system to illustrate a new concept for the synthesis of metastable single-phase NaCl-structure thin films with the Al content far beyond solubility limits obtained with conventional plasma processes. This supersaturation is achieved by separating the film-forming species in time and energy domains through synchronization of the 70-μs-long pulsed substrate bias with intense periodic fluxes of energetic Al+ metal ions during reactive hybrid high power impulse magnetron sputtering of the Al target and direct current magnetron sputtering of the V target in the Ar/N2 gas mixture. Hereby, Al is subplanted into the cubic VN grains formed by the continuous flux of low-energy V neutrals. We show that Al subplantation enables an unprecedented 42% increase in metastable Al solubility limit in V1-xAlxN, from x = 0.52 obtained with the conventional method to 0.75. The elastic modulus is 325 ± 5 GPa, in excellent agreement with density functional theory calculations, and approximately 50% higher than for corresponding films grown by dc magnetron sputtering. The extension of the presented strategy to other Al-ion-assisted vapor deposition methods or materials systems is straightforward, which opens up the way for producing supersaturated single

  18. Erudición y nostalgia. Al-Hanīn ilà l-awtān en el editor de al-Faraŷ ba,d al-šidda de al-Tanūjī

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Garulo, Teresa

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available If you want to read a book, a medieval Arabic book, that talks to you about man and his relation with power (God’s power or any kind of worldly power, or about daily life in 10th century Basra or Baghdad, you will probably choose al-Tanūkhī’s works. His Nishwār al-muhādara wa-l-mudhākara or al-Faraj ba,d al-shidda are so widely and so well provided with stories, anecdotes, historical narratives, etc., that you won’t be able to drop it and probably will forget to read the many comments and marginal notes by, Abbūd al-Shāljī, its editor. But if you are wise enough, you will read everything he writes, because you will find in his remarks not only a sustained scholarliness but a fascinating evocation of his life in Irak, mostly in the thirties, with its cooking, manners and customs, and a pang of nostalgia that deserves, I think, at least a note or a friendly comment. In this paper I try to analyse some of his nostalgic memories of Baghdad and its people and places.Uno de los temas clásicos de la literatura árabe, casi desde sus comienzos, es la nostalgia de la tierra natal (al-hanīn ilà l-awtān. Experiencia dolorosa de extrañamiento, que se nutre de las crisis políticas, la nostalgia ha dado lugar a obras que buscan recrear un pasado o unos lugares amados, que sólo la memoria es capaz de recuperar. En este artículo trato de mostrar cómo se articula la nostalgia de Iraq, y, más concretamente, de Bagdad, dentro del aparato crítico de al-Faraŷ ba,da l-šidda de al-Tanūjī (329-384/941-994 (con el apoyo de Nišwār al-muhādara, también de dicho autor en la edición de, Abbūd al-Šālŷī, publicada en los años setenta. La representación que hace al-Tanūjī de la vida cotidiana de la capital abbasí, expresada a través de un lenguaje claro y natural, en el que tienen cabida expresiones populares, suscita en al-Šālŷī toda una serie de remembranzas, sobre todo de sus años juveniles, que se desbordan en sus notas, e

  19. Lou Gehrig's Disease (ALS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... disease. Who Gets ALS? Although this disease can strike anyone, ALS is extremely rare in kids. According ... home to provide care that the family cannot handle alone. Living With Lou Gehrig's Disease Living with ...

  20. Difficulties on study of ISM 26Al and a possible new way to nucleosynthesize 26Al-SNIa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peng Qiuhe

    1995-01-01

    Some observational results of the 1.809 MeV gamma-ray emitted by decay of the interstellar medium (ISM) 26 Al, which are obtained by spacecraft during (1979-1992) are firstly introduced. Secondly, both Mg-Al chain and Ne-Na cycle of nuclear reactions are discussed. Thirdly, some new experiments of nuclear physics, which are related with the question of the ISM 26 Al(e.g. measurements of the cross section of the nuclear reactions in the MgAl chain and in the NeNa cycle) are introduced. Then, comparing some experiments of nuclear physics, some difficulties confronted on various models responsible for the ISM 26 Al are discussed. The conclusions are: 1) all of hydrostatic H-burning models and all current nova models are hard to provide enough ISM 26 Al to be detected; 2) SN II + SN I b models are promising on responsibility for the half of ISM 26 Al, although current SN II + SN I b models should be improved, besides. Proposal of a new way to nucleosynthesizse 26 Al, 14 N + 16 O→ 26 Al + α, is suggested. SNI a as a possible source of the ISM 26 Al is discussed (63 refs.)

  1. Effect of the interface in laminated composites of Al-1100 and Al-2024

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Godefroid, L.B.

    1983-01-01

    Laminated composites consisting of alternating layers of Al-1100 and Al-2024 were produced by hot rolling, with 45% Al-2024 volume fraction. These composites were subjected to cyclic thermal treatment (various numbers of cycles) and to isothermal treatment (various numbers of cycles) and to isothermal treatment (at peak temperature and for times equivalent to those of the thermal cycles. Microhardness, tensile and fatigue crack arrester modes) were studied in the initial state and after treatments. (E.G.) [pt

  2. AlGaN-Based Deep-Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated on AlN/sapphire Template

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li-Wen, Sang; Zhi-Xin, Qin; Hao, Fang; Yan-Zhao, Zhang; Tao, Li; Zheng-Yu, Xu; Zhi-Jian, Yang; Bo, Shen; Guo-Yi, Zhang; Shu-Ping, Li; Wei-Huang, Yang; Hang-Yang, Chen; Da-Yi, Liu; Jun-Yong, Kang

    2009-01-01

    We report on the growth and fabrication of deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) on an AlN template which was grown on a pulsed atomic-layer epitaxial buffer layer. Threading dislocation densities in the AlN layer are greatly decreased with the introduction of this buffer layer. The crystalline quality of the AlGaN epilayer is further improved by using a low-temperature GaN interlayer between AlGaN and AlN. Electroluminescences of different DUV-LED devices at a wavelength of between 262 and 317 nm are demonstrated. To improve the hole concentration of p-type AlGaN, Mg-doping with trimethylindium assistance approach is performed. It is found that the serial resistance of DUV-LED decreases and the performance of DUV-LED such as EL properties is improved. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  3. Surface study and thickness control of thin Al2O3 film on Cu-9%Al(111) single crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamauchi, Yasuhiro; Yoshitake, Michiko; Song Weijie

    2004-01-01

    We were successful in growing a uniform flat Al 2 O 3 film on the Cu-9%Al(111) surface using the improved cleaning process, low ion energy and short time sputtering. The growth of ultra-thin film of Al 2 O 3 on Cu-9%Al was investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Al 2 O 3 film whose maximum thickness was about 4.0 nm grew uniformly on the Cu-9%Al surface. The Al and O KLL Auger peaks of Al 2 O 3 film shifted toward low kinetic energy, and the shifts were related to Schottky barrier formation and band bending at the Al 2 O 3 /Cu-9%Al interface. The thickness of Al 2 O 3 film on the Cu-9%Al surface was controlled by the oxygen exposure

  4. Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-Mg/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanocomposite prepared by mechanical alloying

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Safari, J., E-mail: safari.jam@gmail.com [Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box No. 76135-133, Kerman (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Akbari, G.H. [Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box No. 76135-133, Kerman (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Research Center for Mineral Industries, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box No. 76135-133, Kerman (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Shahbazkhan, A. [Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Delshad Chermahini, M. [Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2011-09-29

    Highlights: > The presence of Mg has remarkable effects on crystallite size and lattice strain. > The solution of Mg in the Al matrix accelerates the mechanical milling stages. > The microhardness increased in the presence of Mg. > The presence of Mg has significant effect on lattice parameter. > Steady-state situation was occurred in presence of Mg. - Abstract: The effect of milling time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al and Al-10 wt.% Mg matrix nanocomposites reinforced with 5 wt.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} during mechanical alloying was investigated. Steady-state situation was occurred in Al-10Mg/5Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanocomposite after 20 h, due to solution of Mg into Al matrix, while the situation was not observed in Al/5Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanocomposite at the same time. For the binary Al-Mg matrix, after 10 h, the predominant phase was an Al-Mg solid solution with an average crystallite size 34 nm. Up to 10 h, the lattice strain increased to about 0.4 and 0.66% for Al and Al-Mg matrix, respectively. The increasing of lattice parameter due to dissolution of Mg atom into Al lattice during milling was significant. By milling for 10 h the dramatic increase in microhardness (155 HV) for Al-Mg matrix nanocomposite was caused by grain refinement and solid solution formation. From 10 to 20 h, slower rate of increasing in microhardness may be attributed to the completion of alloying process, and dynamic and static recovery of powders.

  5. Different magnetic behaviour of the Kondo compounds Al3Ce and Al11Ce3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benoit, A.; Flouquet, J.; Palleau, J.; Buevoz, J.L.

    1979-08-01

    Neutron diffraction experiments on the Al 3 Ce and Al 11 Ce 3 compounds have been performed on the multidetector of the I.L.L. high flux reactor. No magnetic structure has been detected on the Al 3 Ce compound down to 20 mK. This confirms the non magnetic ground state of Al 3 Ce. For Al 11 Ce 3 , two magnetic structures have been observed: a ferromagnetic one at 4.2 K and an antiferromagnetic one at 2 K. The antiferromagnetic structure, which corresponds to a propagation vector (0,0,1/3), implies a strong reduction of the magnetic moment of determined sites; this reflects the Kondo character of the compounds

  6. Cast AlSi9Cu4 alloy with hybride strenghtened by Fe{sub x}Al{sub y}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite powder

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Piatkowski, J [Department of Materials Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice (Poland); Formanek, B, E-mail: jaroslaw.piatkowski@polsl.pl, E-mail: boleslaw.formanek@polsl.pl [Department of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice (Poland)

    2011-05-15

    The main objective of the study was to develop a technology of dispersion strenghtened hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy. The article presented the materials and technology conception for producing aluminium matrix composite AlSi9Cu4Fe alloy with hybride reinforcement of Al{sub x}Fe{sub y} intermetallic and aluminium oxide powders. Composite powder obtained in mechanical agllomerisation mixture of elemental powders. Changes in the structure were confirmed by TA and ATD thermal analyses plotting the solidification curves, which showed a decrease in temperature T{sub liq} compared to the unmodified alloy and an exothermic effect originating from the crystallisation of eutectics with alloying elements. The examinations carried out by SEM and BSE as well as the determination of local chemical composition by EDX technique have characterised the structure of the alloy as containing some binary Al-Si-Al-Cu and Al-Fe eutectics and multicomponent eutectics.

  7. Optical microcavities and enhanced electroluminescence from electroformed Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hickmott, T. W. [Department of Physics, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222 (United States)

    2013-12-21

    Electroluminescence (EL) and electron emission into vacuum (EM) occur when a non-destructive dielectric breakdown of Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes, electroforming, results in the development of a filamentary region in which current-voltage (I-V) characteristics exhibit voltage-controlled negative resistance. The temperature dependence of I-V curves, EM, and, particularly, EL of Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ag diodes with anodic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thicknesses between 12 nm and 30 nm, has been studied. Two filters, a long-pass (LP) filter with transmission of photons with energies less than 3.0 eV and a short-pass (SP) filter with photon transmission between 3.0 and 4.0 eV, have been used to characterize EL. The voltage threshold for EL with the LP filter, V{sub LP}, is ∼1.5 V. V{sub LP} is nearly independent of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thickness and of temperature and is 0.3–0.6 V less than the threshold voltage for EL for the SP filter, V{sub SP}. EL intensity is primarily between 1.8 and 3.0 eV when the bias voltage, V{sub S} ≲ 7 V. EL in the thinnest diodes is enhanced compared to EL in thicker diodes. For increasing V{sub S}, for diodes with the smallest Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thicknesses, there is a maximum EL intensity, L{sub MX}, at a voltage, V{sub LMX}, followed by a decrease to a plateau. L{sub MX} and EL intensity at 4.0 V in the plateau region depend exponentially on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thickness. The ratio of L{sub MX} at 295 K for a diode with 12 nm of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} to L{sub MX} for a diode with 25 nm of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} is ∼140. The ratio of EL intensity with the LP filter to EL intensity with the SP filter, LP/SP, varies between ∼3 and ∼35; it depends on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} thickness and V{sub S}. Enhanced EL is attributed to the increase of the spontaneous emission rate of a dipole in a non-resonant optical microcavity. EL photons interact with the Ag and Al films to create surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the metal-Al{sub 2}O

  8. SOBRE LOS EVENTOS QUE SE DESATAN CUANDO LA LUZ INCIDE SOBRE UNA NANOESTRUCTURA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Morales

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available La interacción de la radiación con la materia es un hecho cotidiano en la naturaleza, se pueden recordar  fenómenos como la fotosíntesis, interacción de la luz solar con las plantas para generar alimento y la generación de la vitamina D en nuestra piel. Con la formación de sistemas masivos, galaxias, estrellas, planetas, en los albores del universo, se establece la radiación electromagnética, la cual se caracteriza por contener ondas con longitudes desde los kilómetros, ondas de radio, hasta longitudes menores que 10-12 m, rayos gama, pasando por la radiación visible detectada por nuestra retina. En este artículo divulgativo, dirigido al público en general, basado en la investigación de Duque et al [1], se va a tratar acerca de los conceptos involucrados en la interacción de la luz con nanoestructuras semiconductoras.

  9. Las fotocomposiciones de Enric Miralles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dra. Arq. Laura Lopes Cezar

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Las fotocomposiciones del arquitecto catalán Enric Miralles fueron investigadas en mi tesis doctoral realizada en la Universidad Politécnica da Cataluña como integrantes de su proceso de diseño. Este trabajo inicia con una breve introducción al tema de la fotocomposición a respecto de sus orígenes y evolución en el arte dadaísta y surrealista, presentando una continuidad con el cubismo de Picasso y posteriormente las fotocomposiciones de David Hockney que fueron sin duda una referencia al trabajo de Enric Miralles. Las fotocomposiciones de Enric Miralles se confguran como un medio investigativo y representativo dentro del universo de la arquitectura y de su proceso de diseño. El análisis de sus fotocomposiciones es de fundamental relevancia para el acercamiento de las asignaturas de representación gráfca y de proyectación con la puesta en valor en los procesos creativos

  10. Reacciones adversas por antiinflamatorios no esteroideos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisa Ivet Sánchez Ricardo

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 28 perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario y Docente "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy" desde el 1ro. de junio al 31 de diciembre de 2008, con el objetivo de detectar las reacciones adversas más frecuentes provocadas por el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. El universo estuvo constituido por 105 pacientes que asistieron a consulta en el tiempo de estudio y de estos se seleccionó una muestra de 60 pacientes, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas donde se recogieron las variables de análisis. .Las mujeres resultaron las que más antiinflamatorios consumieron y en el rango de edades de 31-59 años. Las reacciones adversas que más se reportaron fueron la epigastralgia y la hipertensión arterial, así mismo se comprobó la automedicación en algunos pacientes.

  11. La ciudad de las bombas: El anarquismo y la "propaganda por el hecho" en la Buenos Aires de los años veinte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Anapios

    Full Text Available El presente artículo se propone analizar las prácticas y representaciones del breve pero intenso ciclo de la "deriva violenta" del anarquismo entre fines de la década del veinte y comienzos de la del treinta, en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Durante este período un sector del movimiento anarquista local pasó a la acción a través de una serie de repertorios que los acercaba tanto al difuso universo del delito común como a explícitos atentados a sitios simbólicos y objetivos civiles. La "propaganda por el hecho" y las "expropiaciones" como formas de financiamiento no solo tuvieron impacto en la prensa comercial sino que reabrieron una serie de debates internos presentes en el anarquismo desde fines del siglo XIX y reactualizados al calor de los conflictos y tensiones que atravesaba el movimiento en el contexto de los años veinte

  12. Cáncer de próstata. Factores de riesgo en la provincia de Holguín

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rene Salas-Cabrera

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se abordó un estudio epidemiológico observacional analítico de casos y controles para identificar los posibles factores de riesgo asociados al cáncer prostático en pacientes pertenecientes al municipio de Holguín, atendidos en la consulta central provincial de cáncer depróstata del hospital General Universitario "Vladimir Ilich Lenin" en el período Enero del 2001 a diciembre de 2010. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 1560 individuos, de ellos 520 casos y 1040 controles. Se aplicó la técnicade regresión logística con respuesta dicotómica. La totalidad de los pacientes resultaron ser mayores de 70 años. Resultaron variables estadísticamente significativas la edad, el hábito de fumar, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, los antecedentes patológicos familiares de cáncer de próstata y la obesidad.

  13. Microstructure and Properties of Fe3Al-Fe3AlC x Composite Prepared by Reactive Liquid Processing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verona, Maria Nalu; Setti, Dalmarino; Paredes, Ramón Sigifredo Cortés

    2018-04-01

    A Fe3Al-Fe3AlC x composite was prepared using reactive liquid processing (RLP) through controlled mixture of carbon steel and aluminum in the liquid state. The microstructure and phases of the composite were assessed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the density, hardness, microhardness, and elastic modulus were evaluated. The Fe3Al-Fe3AlC x composite consisted of 65 vol pct Fe3Al and 35 vol pct Fe3AlC x ( κ). The κ phase contained 10.62 at. pct C, resulting in the stoichiometry Fe3AlC0.475. The elastic modulus of the Fe3Al-Fe3AlC0.475 composite followed the rule of mixtures. The RLP technique was shown to be capable of producing Fe3Al-Fe3AlC0.475 with a microstructure and properties similar to those achieved using other processing techniques reported in the literature.

  14. Appiah-Adjei et al

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    PUBLICATIONS1

    ing, sale of automobile spare parts, and metal fabrication. Some of these activities generate huge ... Keywords: Groundwater quality, pollution, waste disposal, Suame, Ghana ... of fertilizers (Chen et al., 2007; Parris, 2011;. Shen et al., 2011), ...

  15. KONSEP MᾹQᾹṢID AL-SYᾹRĪAH MENURUT ṬᾹHᾹ JᾹBIR AL-‘ALWᾹNĪ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chasnak Najidah

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available One discourse which is receiving considerable attention from scholars of Islam is about the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-shari'ah. Taha Jabir al-'Alwānī as one reviewer of Maqasid al-shari'ah contemporary formulate the concept of maqasid al-shari'ah different from previous scholars. This article describes the concept of maqasid al-shari'ah by Taha Jabir al-'Alwānī. According to him, there are three levels of hierarchical of Maqasid al-Sharia. The highest value of maqasid al-shari'ah says is what he describes as al-Maqasid al-'ulyā al-Hakimah (intentions of the highest shari'ah and a legal basis, which consists of three main elements, namely al-Tawhid ( Onesess of God, al-Tazkiyah (purification and al-'umrān (prosperity. The position of the second al-shari'ah Maqasid are universal values such as justice, freedom, and equality. While the third position is the formulation of the previous scholars regarding maqasid al-shari'ah consisting of ḍarūriyyat, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt. In terms of methodological, Taha Jabir al-'Alwānī basing the new system for Maqasid al-syarī'ahnya on the methods of al-jam'u Baina al-qirā'atain, a reading of the two entities: the revelation of God and the universe. With this basis, he argues that the maqasid al-shari'ah formulations are qaṭ'ī, so it can be a reference to the scholars in solving the problems of contemporary law.   [Salah satu diskursus yang mendapat perhatian cukup besar dari para akademisi Islam adalah seputar tujuan-tujuan hukum islam  (maqāṣid al-syarī'ah. Ṭāhā Jābir al-‘Alwānī sebagai salah satu ulama pengkaji maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahkontemporer merumuskan konsep maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahyang berbeda dari ulama sebelumnya. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan konsep maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahmenurut Ṭāhā Jābir al-‘Alwānī. Menurutnya, ada tiga tingkatan hierarkis maqāṣid al-syarī'ah. Nilai tertinggi maqāṣid asy-syarī’ahmenurutnya adalah apa

  16. Measurement of the d({sup 26}Al{sup m},p){sup 27}Al reaction for nuclear astrophysics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roeder, B.T.; Trache, L.; Iacob, V.E.; McCleskey, M.; Simmons, E.; Spiridon, A.; Tribble, R.E. [Texas A and M Univ., TX (United States); Davinson, T.; Lotay, G.; Woods, P.J. [University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom); La Cognata, M.; Pizzone, R.G.; Rapisarda, G.G.; Sparta, R.; Spitaleri, C. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (LNS/INFN), Catania (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Sud

    2012-07-01

    Full text: The detection of gamma rays from the decay of the {sup 26}Al ground state in the galaxy gives evidence that nucleosynthesis is occurring in present-day stars, but its origin is not yet clear. This implies that reactions involving {sup 26}Al are important for astrophysical processes. In a recent experiment at the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A and M University, reactions with the ground state and isomeric state of {sup 26}Al were investigated with the Texas A and M-Edinburgh-Catania Silicon detector Array (TECSA). TECSA is a collaborative effort to build a high-efficiency detector Si array useful for measuring reactions of interest for nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure. The array consists of up to 16 Micron Semiconductor YY1 detectors that are each 300 μm thick. Each detector has 16 annular ring sectors to measure the energy and the scattering angle of the detected particles. Using TECSA, we measured d({sup 26}Al{sup g},p){sup 27}Al and d({sup 26}Al{sup m},p){sup 27}Al with a {sup 26}Al secondary beam prepared in-flight with the MARS spectrometer. First, the composition of the {sup 26}Al beam was determined by measuring the ratio of beta-decays to {sup 26}Al ions produced. It was found that at different spectrometer rigidities, beams of 2/3 isomer to ground state ratio or vice-versa could be obtained. Then, in the second part of the experiment, angular distributions were measured for both reactions at backward angles with TECSA. The protons were measured in TECSA in coincidence with timing signals from the beam detected by a scintillator and with the cyclotron radio-frequency. Details of the experiment and preliminary results from the analysis of the d({sup 26}Al{sup m},p){sup 27}Al and d({sup 26}Al{sup g},p){sup 27}Al data will be presented. They will give information about the proton capture reactions {sup 26}Al{sup m}(p,γ){sup 27}Si and {sup 26}Al{sup g}(p,γ){sup 27}Si taking place in stars. (author)

  17. ELECTRODINÁMICA QUIRAL: ESLABÓN PARA LA UNIFICACIÓN DEL ELECTROMAGNETISMO Y LA GRAVITACIÓN CHIRAL ELECTRODYNAMIC: CONNECTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND GRAVITATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Torres-Silva

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Una alternativa a la teoría cuántica de la gravedad, aún no descubierta, es la Teoría Total Simplificada (TTS aquí propuesta, que postula unificar la gravedad con el electromagnetismo (EM teniendo como corolario fundamental la ecuación cuántica de Dirac. Con ello, aquí se propone todo un programa de unificación en el cual el electromagnetismo quiral juega el rol central. La TTS se deriva de las ecuaciones originales de Einstein-Hilbert , donde el tensor de Einstein no se modifica. El tensor EM en cambio es quiral y la masa de las partículas es de naturaleza electromagnética. Para el caso del electrón se tiene como consecuencia que, por primera vez, se obtiene la ecuación de Dirac a partir de ondas EM con el campo eléctrico paralelo espacialmente al campo magnético. Como modelo del universo se propone una interfaz o membrana de separación donde ocurren solamente eventos cuánticos. Hay dos regiones enantioméricas de un universo cerrado, o un universo derecho y un universo izquierdo, relacionados por un elemento de simetría PCT (paridad, carga, tiempo a lo largo de la interfaz. Las ecuaciones de Einstein-Hilbert son estudiadas bajo el enfoque quiral y se discute la electrodinámica quiral y la gravedad en la era de Planck.An alternative to the theory of quantum gravity, not yet discovered, is the Theory Simplified Total (TTS proposal, which aims to unify gravity with the EM taking as a corollary the essential quantum Dirac equation. Thus, this article proposes a whole program of unification in which chiral electromagnetism plays the main role. TTS is derived from the original equations of Einstein-Hilbert , where the Einstein tensor is unchanged. The EM tensor instead is chiral and the mass of the particles has an electromagnetic nature. In the case of the electron the consequence of this is that, for the first time, Dirac's equation is obtained from EM waves with the electric field spatially parallel to the magnetic field. As a

  18. Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Role in the Interaction of Triple Paradigms of Islamic Philosophy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    r Mohammadzadeh

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Our aim in this article is to investigate Khajeh Nasir`s effective role in emergence, growth and development of triple paradigms of Islamic philosophy, that are, Masha’, Ishraq and al-Hekmah al-Motealiyeh. Thus, first we present a summary of the meaning of “paradigm” and then discuss Tusi`s role in the development of triple paradigms of Islamic philosophy. We believe that, by using an interactive approach, Khajeh Nasir has attained a new approach to understand the paradigms. He is the first thinker in Islamic world who created a constructive and effective interaction between two paradigms of Masha’ and Ishraq, and paved the way for the emergence of al-Hekmah al-Motealiyeh. This can be explained with regard to either the conceptualization of al-Hekmat al-Motealiyeh or epistemological approach. Al-Hekmah Al-Motealiyah was influenced a lot by Tusi.

  19. Characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AlMg5- Al_2O_3 nanocomposites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Babu, N. Kishore; Kallip, Kaspar; Leparoux, Marc; AlOgab, Khaled A.; Reddy, G.M.; Talari, M.K.

    2016-01-01

    In the present study, powder metallurgy processed unmilled AlMg5, milled AlMg5 and milled AlMg5-0.5 vol% Al_2O_3 nanocomposite have been successfully friction stir welded (FSW). The effect of friction stir welding on the evolution of weld microstructures; hardness and tensile properties were studied and discussed in detail. FSW of unmilled AlMg5 resulted in significant grain refinement and strain hardening in the nugget zone induced by the thermo-mechanical processing, thereby increasing the stir zone hardness and tensile strengths to 100 HV and 324 MPa when compared to 80 HV and 300 MPa of base metal, respectively. In contrast, the FSW of milled AlMg5 and milled AlMg5-0.5 vol% Al_2O_3 samples showed a reduction in UTS values to 375 MPa and 401 MPa in the stir zone compared to 401 MPa and 483 MPa of respective base metal values. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation of weld stir zones revealed the homogenous distribution of Al_4C_3 nanophases in milled AlMg5 and Al_2O_3 nanoparticles in milled AlMg5-0.5 vol% Al_2O_3 samples throughout the aluminium matrix. It was revealed that the pre-stored energy from the prior ball milling and hot pressing processes, higher deformation energy and grain boundary pinning effect due to the presence of reinforcement particles has resulted in a higher recrystallization tendency and retarded grain growth during FSW of milled samples. The welds prepared with milled AlMg5-0.5 vol% Al_2O_3 exhibited higher hardness and tensile strength in the stir zone when compared to all other conditions which was attributed to Hall Petch effect due to fine grain size and Orowan strengthening effect due to Al_2O_3 reinforcements.

  20. Experimental investigation of the Al-Y phase diagram

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Shuhong; Du Yong; Xu Honghui; He Cuiyun; Schuster, Julius C.

    2006-01-01

    The Al-Y phase diagram has been reinvestigated with 16 key alloys over its whole composition range by means of differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray techniques. The existence of five intermetallic phases, Al 3 Y, Al 2 Y, AlY, Al 2 Y 3 , and AlY 2 , has been confirmed. Al 2 Y and Al 2 Y 3 melt congruently at 1490 ± 2 and 1105 ± 2 deg. C, respectively. Al 3 Y, AlY, and AlY 2 are formed via the peritectic reactions L + Al 2 Y ↔ Al 3 Y at 980 ± 2 deg. C, L + Al 2 Y ↔ AlY at 1138 ± 2 deg. C, and L + Al 2 Y 3 ↔ AlY 2 at 977 ± 2 deg. C, respectively. Three eutectic reactions L ↔ (Al) + Al 3 Y at 637 ± 2 deg. C, L ↔ AlY + Al 2 Y 3 at 1081 ± 2 deg. C, and L ↔ AlY 2 + (αY) at 955 ± 2 deg. C , are observed. The previously reported Al 3 Y 5 , AlY 3 compounds were not found. A revised Al-Y phase diagram is presented mainly based on the present experimental results

  1. The corrosion and mechanical behaviour of Al, FeCrAlY, and CoCrAlY coatings in aggressive environments

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Haanappel, V.A.C.; Haanappel, V.A.C.; Geerdink, Bert; Fransen, T.; Gellings, P.J.

    1991-01-01

    The mechanical and chemical behaviours of aluminide coatings applied by pack cementation, FeCrAlY coatings applied by plasma spraying and CoCrAlY coatings applied by electrodeposition were studied. The coatings were pretreated for 0.5 h in argon at 1373 K to improve the adhesion and structural

  2. Precipitation and strengthening phenomena in Al-Si-Ge and Al-Cu-Si-Ge alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mitlin, D.; Morris, J.W.; Dahmen, U.; Radmilovic, V.

    2000-01-01

    The objective of this work was to determine whether Al rich Al-Si-Ge and 2000 type Al-Cu-Si-Ge alloys have sufficient hardness to be useful for structural applications. It is shown that in Al-Si-Ge it is not possible to achieve satisfactory hardness through a conventional heat treatment. This result is explained in terms of sluggish precipitation of the diamond-cubic Si-Ge phase coupled with particle coarsening. However, Al-Cu-Si-Ge displayed a uniquely fast aging response, a high peak hardness and a good stability during prolonged aging. The high hardness of the Cu containing alloy is due to the dense and uniform distribution of fine θ' precipitates (metastable Al 2 Cu) which are heterogeneously nucleated on the Si-Ge particles. High resolution TEM demonstrated that in both alloys all the Si-Ge precipitates start out, and remain multiply twinned throughout the aging treatment. Since the twinned section of the precipitate does not maintain a low index interface with the matrix, the Si-Ge precipitates are equiaxed in morphology. Copyright (2000) AD-TECH - International Foundation for the Advancement of Technology Ltd

  3. Bankole et al (2)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DELL

    Relationships of Clay-filled Channels on the Delta Flanks (Modified after Doust and Omatsola, 1990 and Lawrence et al., 2002). ... and in the Indo-Malaysian area (Germeraad et al.,. 1968). The genus ..... Upper Cretaceous of British Guiana.

  4. Aussprache als motorische Fertigkeit

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bonner, Maria

    2013-01-01

    Authentische Aussprache gilt im Fremdsprachenunterricht als schwer erreichbares Ziel, fremdsprachlicher Akzent wird als nahezu unvermeidbar gesehen. Weder die Hypothese einer kritischen Periode für den Erwerb einer authentischen Aussprache noch das Konzept der Fossilierung im Sprachlernprozess...

  5. The removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solutions by MIL-53(Al) and mesostructured MIL-53(Al).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Meimei; Wu, Yi-Nan; Qiao, Junlian; Zhang, Jing; McDonald, Amanda; Li, Guangtao; Li, Fengting

    2013-09-01

    In this work, metal-organic framework MIL-53(Al){Al(OH)[O2C-C6H4-CO2]} and MIL-53(Al)-F127{Al(OH)[O2C-C6H4-CO2]} were synthesized and used as sorbents to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous system. The sorption kinetics data of BPA were found to be in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium sorption amounts of BPA on MIL-53(Al) and MIL-53(Al)-F127 reached 329.2±16.5 and 472.7±23.6 mg g(-1), respectively, far more than that of commercial activated carbons (ranging from 129.6 to 263.1 mg g(-1)). Both MIL-53(Al) and MIL-53(Al)-F127 could remove BPA fast from aqueous solutions, and the required contact time to reach equilibrium was approximately 90 min for MIL-53(Al) and 30 min for MIL-53(Al)-F127, respectively. The optimum pH levels for the removal of BPA using MIL-53 (Al) and MIL-53(Al)-F127 were 4 and 6 separately. The optimum temperature for the sorption behavior of BPA on the two sorbents was 20 °C. The results performed show that the resulting products, as one kind of MOFs, can be regarded as a new class of sorbents for water treatment and could find great applications in the fields of environmental water pollution control and resources reuse. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Hyperfine fields and spin relaxation of Ce in GdAl2 and DyAl2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Waeckelgaard, E.; Karlsson, E.; Lindgren, B.; Mayer, A.

    1987-04-01

    We have investigated the ferromagnetic state of the cubic intermetallic compounds GdAl 2 and DyAl 2 with the 140 Ce nuclei using DPAC. The local fields of Ce are for the lowest measured temperatures B eff (30 K) = 54(2) T for GdAl 2 and B eff (12.5 K) = 27(1) T for DyAl 2 which are considerably lower than the hyperfine field measured for a free Ce ion (183 T). By introducing a crystal field, of cubic symmetry, a lower hyperfine field is obtained which is in quantitative agreement with the local field of Ce in GdAl 2 . For DyAl 2 an additional effect, represented by a non-magnetic level below the lowest magnetic level, may explain a further reduction of the hyperfine field. Two models relating to a Kondo non-magnetic state of Ce are discussed. Spin relaxation in the paramagnetic state are also studied and compared with observations of the same systems measured with μSR. (authors)

  7. Experimental evidence of structural transition at the crystal-amorphous interphase boundary between Al and Al2O3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Z.Q.; He, L.L.; Zhao, S.J.; Ye, H.Q.

    2002-01-01

    High-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations on the structure of the interphase boundary between crystalline Al and amorphous Al 2 O 3 coating reveal that an interfacial melting transition of Al occurs at 833 K, which is distinctly lower than the bulk melting point of Al. The crystalline lattice planes of Al near the interface bend or small segments of crystalline Al deviated from the matrix Al grains are formed. Stand-off dislocations formed at the interphase boundary are also observed. The amorphous Al 2 O 3 coating plays an important role in retaining the evidence for structural transition at high temperature to room temperature, which makes it possible to make experimental observations. (author)

  8. Room-Temperature Quantum Ballistic Transport in Monolithic Ultrascaled Al-Ge-Al Nanowire Heterostructures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sistani, Masiar; Staudinger, Philipp; Greil, Johannes; Holzbauer, Martin; Detz, Hermann; Bertagnolli, Emmerich; Lugstein, Alois

    2017-08-09

    Conductance quantization at room temperature is a key requirement for the utilizing of ballistic transport for, e.g., high-performance, low-power dissipating transistors operating at the upper limit of "on"-state conductance or multivalued logic gates. So far, studying conductance quantization has been restricted to high-mobility materials at ultralow temperatures and requires sophisticated nanostructure formation techniques and precise lithography for contact formation. Utilizing a thermally induced exchange reaction between single-crystalline Ge nanowires and Al pads, we achieved monolithic Al-Ge-Al NW heterostructures with ultrasmall Ge segments contacted by self-aligned quasi one-dimensional crystalline Al leads. By integration in electrostatically modulated back-gated field-effect transistors, we demonstrate the first experimental observation of room temperature quantum ballistic transport in Ge, favorable for integration in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor platform technology.

  9. The effectiveness of ERC advanced life support (ALS) provider courses for the retention of ALS knowledge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fischer, Henrik; Strunk, Guido; Neuhold, Stephanie; Kiblböck, Daniel; Trimmel, Helmut; Baubin, Michael; Domanovits, Hans; Maurer, Claudia; Greif, Robert

    2012-02-01

    Out-of-hospital emergency physicians in Austria need mandatory emergency physician training, followed by biennial refresher courses. Currently, both standardized ERC advanced life support (ALS) provider courses and conventional refresher courses are offered. This study aimed to compare the retention of ALS-knowledge of out-of-hospital emergency physicians depending on whether they had or had not participated in an ERC-ALS provider course since 2005. Participants (n=807) from 19 refresher courses for out-of-hospital emergency physicians answered eight multiple-choice questions (MCQ) about ALS based on the 2005 ERC guidelines. The pass score was 75% correct answers. A multivariate logistic regression analyzed differences in passing scores between those who had previously participated in an ERC-ALS provider course and those who had not. Age, gender, regularity of working as an out-of-hospital emergency physician and the self-reported number of real resuscitation efforts within the last 6months were entered as control variables. Out-of-hospital emergency physicians who had previously attended an ERC-ALS provider course had a significantly higher chance of passing the MCQ test (OR=1.60, p=0.015). Younger age (OR=0.95, pERC-ALS provider course since 2005 had a higher retention of ALS knowledge compared to non-ERC-ALS course participants. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. X-ray study of rapidly cooled ribbons of Al-Cr-Zr and Al-Ni-Y-Cr-Zr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Betsofen, S.Ya.; Osintsev, O.E.; Lutsenko, A.N.; Konkevich, V.Yu.

    2002-01-01

    One investigated into phase composition, lattice spacing and structure of rapidly cooled 25-200 μm gauge strips made of Al-4,1Cr-3,2Zr and Al-1,5Cr-1,5Zr-4Ni-3Y alloys, wt. %, produced by melt spinning to a water-cooled copper disk. In Al-4,1Cr-3,2Zr alloy one detected intermetallic phases: Al 3 Zr and two Al 86 Cr 14 composition icosahedral phases apart from aluminium solid solution with 4.040-4.043 A lattice spacing. In Al-1,5Cr-1,5Zr-4Ni-3Y alloy one identified two Al 86 Cr 14 icosahedral phases and two AlNiY and Al 3 Y yttrium-containing ones, lattice spacing of aluminium solid solution was equal to 4.052-4.053 A [ru

  11. The Influence of the Asymmetric Arb Process on the Properties of Al-Mg-Al Multi-Layer Sheets / Wpływ Asymetrii W Procesie Arb Na Właściwości Wielowarstwowych Blach Al-Mg-Al

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wierzba A.

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents the results of the experimental study of the three-layer Al-Mg-Al sheets rolling process by the ARB method. The tests carried out were limited to single-pass symmetric and asymmetric rolling processes. An Al-Mg-Al package with an initial thickness of 4 mm (1-2-1 mm was subjected to the process of rolling with a relative reduction of 50%. To activate the shear band in the strip being deformed, an asymmetry factor of av=2 was applied. From the test results, an increase in the tensile strength of the multi-layer Al-Mg-Al sheets obtained from the asymmetric process was observed. Microhardness tests did not show any significant differences in aluminium layer between respective layers of sheets obtained from the symmetric and the asymmetric process. By contrast, for the magnesium layer, an increase in microhardness from 72 HV to 79 HV could be observed for the asymmetric rolling. The analysis of the produced Al-Mg-Al sheets shows that the good bond between individual layers and grain refinement in the magnesium layer contributed to the obtaining of higher mechanical properties in the multi-layer sheets produced in the asymmetric process compared to the sheets obtained from the symmetric process.

  12. The investigation of Al0.29Ga0.71N/GaN/AlN and AlN/GaN/AlN thin films grown on Si (111) by RF plasma-assisted MBE

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yusoff, Mohd Zaki Mohd; Mahyuddin, Azzafeerah; Hassan, Zainuriah; Hassan, Haslan Abu; Abdullah, Mat Johar

    2012-06-01

    Recently, gallium nitride (GaN) and its related compounds involving Al and In have attracted much attention because of their potential to be used as high-efficiency UV light emitting devices, and as high frequency and high power electronic devices. Consequently, the growth and physics of GaN-based materials have attracted remarkable scientific attention. In this work, the growth and characterization of epitaxial Al0.29Ga0.71N and AlN layers grown on Si (111) by RF-plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are described. The Al mole fraction was derived from the HR-XRD symmetric rocking curve (RC) ω/2θ scans of (0002) plane as x = 0.29. For AlN/GaN/AlN sample, the maximum Raman intensity at 521.53 cm-1 is attributed to crystalline silicon. It was found that the allowed Raman optical phonon mode of GaN, the E1 (high) is clearly visible, which is located at 570.74 cm-1. Photoluminscence (PL) spectrums of both samples have shown sharp and intense band edge emission of GaN without the existence of yellow emission band, showing good crystal quality of the samples have been successfully grown on Si substrate.

  13. Field ion microscopy and 3-D atom probe analysis of Al3Zr particles in 7050 Al alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sha, G.; Cerezo, A.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: For high strength 7xxx series Al alloys, Zr is an important trace alloy element which is often added to optimise properties, having effects such as refining grain size, inhibiting recrystallization, and improving stress corrosion cracking resistance and quench sensitivity. In addition, it has been reported recently that Zr addition also has a significant influence on early stage ageing behaviour of a 7xxx series Al alloy. Zr equilibrium solubility in solid Al is extremely low. After solution or ageing treatment, most Zr is present as small spherical Ai 3 Zr dispersoids approximately 20 nm in diameter, distributed at grain boundaries as well as within the Al matrix. The crystallographic nature of intermetallic phase Al 3 Zr has been well studied in the literatures. So far, no direct measurement of the chemistry of the Al 3 Zr particles in 7xxx series Al alloys has been published. It is unclear if there is significant Zn, Mg or Cu included in the particles. In this research, 3DAP has been employed for the first time to investigate ionisation behaviour of Al 3 Zr particles and determine the chemistry of the particles in 7050 Al alloy. Using field ion microscopy, the local evaporation radius of the Al 3 Zr particle has been measured to be equivalent to 36 nm for a 10 kV tip, less than the equivalent tip radius for the Al matrix of ∼68 nm. Using the matrix Al evaporation field (19 V/nm) as a reference, this allows the evaporation field of Al 3 Zr to be calculated as 35 V/nm, the same as the field calculated for evaporation of Al as Al 2+ (35 V/nm), and that of Zr as Zr 3+ (35 V/nm). This result is consistent with Al 2+ and Zr 3+ being the main species observed in the mass spectrum during analysis of Al 3 Zr particles. Using 3DAP, the chemical compositions of Al 3 Zr particles are determined to be 64.8∼67.7 at% Al, 23.6∼24.8 at% Zr, 6.9∼9.1 at% Zn, 0.4∼0.7 at% Cu, 0.5∼1.2 at% Mg, with a (Al+Zn)/Zr ratio close to 3. Choice of specimen temperature of

  14. Synthesis and structural transformations of hydrotalcite-like materials Mg-Al and Zn-Al

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prihod'ko, R.V.; Sychev, M.V.; Astrelin, I.M.; Erdmann, K.; Mangel, A.; Santen, van R.A.

    2001-01-01

    Mg-Al and Zn-Al hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides of various compositions were synthesized and characterized. A detailed comparative analysis of the structure and composition of starting and reconstructed layered double hydroxides was made

  15. Natural radioactivity survey in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Mountain Region Libya

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Askouri, N.A.; Hussain, M.O.; Al-Ojaily, A.S.

    2011-01-01

    The measurement of natural radioactivity in a given region or country is essential to provide a reference base-line map to follow up a possible variation in future. In order to perform such measurement, the natural radioactivity was measured in different locations. The locations (50 sites) were distributed over Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Mountain, starting from the city Al-Azeeziah in the eastern part to Wazen on the Tunisian border in the west. The measurements showed obvious variation from one site to another. The levels were fluctuating from (12.8 counts/minute) in Bir-Ayad to (45.7 counts/minute) in Gherian. In order to investigate the cause for such variation, samples were collected from (27) sites for detailed study. The levels of natural radioactivity were determined in the laboratory, and were ranging from (58.7 Bq/kg) in Bir-Ayad to (102.1 Bq/kg) in Gherian. The variation in measured radioactivity was related to the geological structures taken in six perpendicular sections, namely, Gharian, Yevren, Zintan, Nalut, Wazen and Al-Azeeziah taking the naturally occurred radioisotopes concentration of 4 0K, 232 Th and 238 U present in consideration.

  16. Phase constituents and microstructure of laser cladding Al2O3/Ti3Al reinforced ceramic layer on titanium alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Jianing; Chen Chuanzhong; Lin Zhaoqing; Squartini, Tiziano

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → In this study, Fe 3 Al has been chosen as cladding powder due to its excellent properties of wear resistance and high strength, etc. → Laser cladding of Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 pre-placed alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate can form the Ti 3 Al/Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 ceramic layer, which can increase wear resistance of substrate. → In cladding process, Al 2 O 3 can react with TiB 2 leading to formation of Ti 3 Al and B. → This principle can be used to improve the Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 laser-cladded coating. - Abstract: Laser cladding of the Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 pre-placed alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti 3 Al/Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 ceramic layer, which can greatly increase wear resistance of titanium alloy. In this study, the Ti 3 Al/Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 ceramic layer has been researched by means of electron probe, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and micro-analyzer. In cladding process, Al 2 O 3 can react with TiB 2 leading to formation of amount of Ti 3 Al and B. This principle can be used to improve the Fe 3 Al + TiB 2 laser cladded coating, it was found that with addition of Al 2 O 3 , the microstructure performance and micro-hardness of the coating was obviously improved due to the action of the Al-Ti-B system and hard phases.

  17. Precipitation in cold-rolled Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

    KAUST Repository

    Vlach, Martin

    2013-12-01

    The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 C. The precipitation of the Al6Mn- and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ~ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al3Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al6Mn and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al3Sc-phase and the Al 6Mn-phase precipitation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

  18. Precipitation in cold-rolled Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

    KAUST Repository

    Vlach, Martin; Stulí ková , Ivana; Smola, Bohumil; Kekule, Tomá š; Kudrnová , Hana; Daniš, Stanislav; Gemma, Ryota; Očená šek, Vladivoj; Má lek, Jaroslav; Tanprayoon, Dhritti; Neubert, Volkmar

    2013-01-01

    The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 C. The precipitation of the Al6Mn- and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ~ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al3Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al6Mn and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al3Sc-phase and the Al 6Mn-phase precipitation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

  19. Universitat popular al Cabanyal

    OpenAIRE

    Ribés Granell, Juan Miguel

    2012-01-01

    La intención es dotar al barrio de un gran espacio verde y de un edificio de interés para los vecinos que enriquezca al Cabanyal, ya que actualmente se encuentra en proceso de degradación. Se pretende desarrollar un proyecto que signifique una mejora en la predisposición del visitante, cubriendo sus necesidades. Al mismo tiempo, se busca crear un espacio arquitectónico que mejore la relación entre las actividades que incluye y su entorno. El proyecto está condicionado por cuatro aspectos fund...

  20. Nonequilibrium synthesis of NbAl3 and Nb-Al-V alloys by laser cladding. II - Oxidation behavior

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haasch, R. T.; Tewari, S. K.; Sircar, S.; Loxton, C. M.; Mazumder, J.

    1992-01-01

    Isothermal oxidation behaviors of NbAl3 alloy synthesized by laser cladding were investigated at temperatures between 800 and 1400 C, and the effect of vanadium microalloying on the oxidation of the laser-clad alloy was examined. The oxidation kinetics of the two alloys were monitored using thermal gravimetric weight gain data, and the bulk and surface chemistries were analyzed using XRD and XPS, respectively. It was found that NbAl3 did not form an exclusive layer of protective Al2O3. The oxidation products at 800 C were found to be a mixture of Nb2O5 and Al2O3. At 1200 C, a mixture of NbAlO4, Nb2O5, and Al2O3 formed; and at 1400 C, a mixture of NbAlO4, Al2O3, NbO2, NbO(2.432), and Nb2O5 formed. The addition of V led to a dramatic increase of the oxidation rate, which may be related to the formation of (Nb, V)2O5 and VO2, which grows in preference to protective Al2O3.