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Sample records for alume hannes palang

  1. Tallinna Ülikool / Leif Kalev, Anneli Leinpere, Tiit Land, Alessandro Centonze, Hannes Palang, Liis Kelberg

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2008-01-01

    Ülikooli ja seal õpetatavaid erialasid tutvustavad dotsent Leif Kalev, kunstimagistrant Anneli Leinpere, professor Tiit Land, välisüliõpilane Milanost Alessandro Centonze, vanemteadur Hannes Palang ning kirjaliku tõlke magistrant Liis Kelberg

  2. Tippmehe tagasitulek / Hannes Palang

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Palang, Hannes

    2008-01-01

    Rets. rmt.: Kant. Edgar. Eesti rahvastik ja asustus / koost. ja eessõna Ott Kurs; saksa k. tlk. Simo Runnel. Ilmamaa, 2007. Vestlus Kanti vaimsest suurusest Rahvusvahelise Geograafiauniooni ekspresidendi Anne Buttimeriga, ilmunud Eesti Looduse 2004.a. detsembrinumbris

  3. Laud / Hannes Praks

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Praks, Hannes, 1973-

    1999-01-01

    Nõuanne ühe küljega seinale kinnituva ehk konsoollaua (autor sisearhitekt Hannes Praks) ja metallist pukkjalgadele toetuva puidust laua "know-know" (autor sisearhitekt Margus Tammik) tegemiseks. 2 joonist, foto

  4. Kuressaare rannahoone = Kuressaare beach house / Hannes Koppel ; intervjueerinud Margit Mutso

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Koppel, Hannes

    2011-01-01

    Arhitekt Hannes Koppeli (Asum Arhitektid) projekteeritud Kuressaare rannahoonest (Kalda pst. 1). Konstruktorid Tom Arula ja Tõnu Peipman (IB Printsiip). Hannes Koppel pälvis Kuressaare rannahoone eest EK arhitektuuri sihtkapitali 2010. a. arhitektuuripreemia

  5. Kodu kaitseks / Hannes Walter

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Walter, Hannes, 1952-2004

    2012-01-01

    Kõne Eesti Muinsuskaitse Seltsi ja Eesti Akadeemilise Sõjaajaloo Seltsi korraldatud aktusel "Kodu kaitseks!" Tallinna Linnahallis 14. detsembril 1988. a. Vabadussõjast, selle tähendusest õppetundidest. Poleemika: Väitlus / Margus Laidre, Tõnu Tannberg, Hannes Walter, samas, lk. 332-338

  6. Savisaare jõuluime taustaks on valimiseelne leping Kruudaga / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2005-01-01

    Keskerakonna esimehele Edgar Savisaarele Keila-Joal asuva suvila müümisest alla turuhinna. Kommenteerivad Ivar Tallo ja Margus Leivo. Lisad: Savisaare majatehing; Tehing; Savisaarel teine majaskandaal. Vt. samas: Hannes Krause, Jaanus Piirsalu. Aruanne võib näidata maja õiget hinda; Hannes Krause, Kristjan Jõevere. Savisaare omaga sarnane maja müügis 3 miljoniga

  7. Kohvik MAMO = Café MAMO / Hannes Praks

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Praks, Hannes, 1973-

    2010-01-01

    Kohvik Mamo Tallinnas Liivalaia tänaval. Ruum sisustati taaskasutatavate esemetega, nende päästmisest purustamisest. Sisekujundaja: Hannes Praks (Kohvi OÜ). Ruumi graafika ja joonistused: Jan Tomson

  8. Práctica intercultural de los becarios de La Fundación Hanns Seidel - Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Llasag, Milton

    2001-01-01

    Intercultural practice Fellows the Hanns Seidel Foundation - Ecuador. Problem Statement. Delimitation of the problem. Social-organizational processes of indigenous peoples. Consideracioens osciales and indigenous economic sector. The indigenous movement and intercultural approach. The Hanns Seidel Foundation. Mission. Bases overseas development policy. Development aid and cultural policy. The Hanns Seidel Foundation inthe Ecuador. Fellows of the Foundation and its contribution to the construc...

  9. Kuressaare rannahoone = Kuressaare public beachfront building / Hannes Koppel

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Koppel, Hannes

    2011-01-01

    2010. aastal valminud arhitekt Hannes Koppeli (Asum Arhitektid OÜ) projekteeritud Kuressaare rannahoonest. Insenerid Tom Arula ja Tõnu Peipman (Printsiip OÜ). Projekt: 2008. Praegusest Kuressaarest

  10. Suvelõpu performance Karepal / Hannes Varblane

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Varblane, Hannes, 1949-

    2015-01-01

    15. augustil 2009 Karepal Richard Sagritsa majamuuseumis toimunud performance'ist "Vana riist", milles osalesid Hannes Varblane, Jüri Ojaver, Alex Plutzer, Ilja Sundelevitš, Jaan Paavle, Üllar Saaremäe, Leonhard Lapin, väljapanekutega lisandusid Valeri Vinogradov ja Jaan Toomik. Projektijuht Teet Veispak

  11. Suvelõpu performance Karepal / Hannes Varblane

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Varblane, Hannes, 1949-

    2009-01-01

    15. augustil 2009 Karepal Richard Sagritsa majamuuseumis toimunud performance'ist "Vana riist", milles osalesid Hannes Varblane, Jüri Ojaver, Alex Plutzer, Ilja Sundelevitš, Jaan Paavle, Üllar Saaremäe, Leonhard Lapin, väljapanekutega lisandusid Valeri Vinogradov ja Jaan Toomik. Projektijuht Teet Veispak

  12. ANALISIS PERANAN PALANG MERAH INDONESIA (PMI KOTA MADIUN DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA SILA KEDUA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfiantika Febrian Ashari

    2016-04-01

    Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI kota Madiun berperan dalam mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai Pancasila sila kedua. Berdasarkan dengan temuan data, hal ini dapat dilihat dari berbagai kegiatan kemanusiaan yang telah dilakukan oleh PMI sebagai wujud dalam mengembangkan sikap saling mencintai sesama manusia, mengakuinya dan memperlakukan sesuai dengan harkat dan martabatnya sebagai makhluk Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, guna untuk menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Dari berbagai kegiatan kemanusiaan yang telah dilakukan oleh PMI tersebut tentunya sangatlah bermanfaat untuk masyarakat yang terkena dampak bencana yang memerlukan bantuan secara adil dan sukarela. Serta dapat memberikan pertolongan bagi para pasien atau penderita sakit yang sangat membutuhkan darah melalui kegiatan donor darah yang diadakan PMI.

  13. "Siin me oleme!" = "Here we are!" / Hannes Praks

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Praks, Hannes, 1973-

    2013-01-01

    Maarjamäe lossis avatud näituse "Siin me oleme! Eesti filmi esimene sajand" kujundusest. Autorid: Hannes Praks, Toomas Pääsuke, Helen Sarapuu. Graafiline disain: Stella Skulatšjova, Kerli Virk. Sisearhitekti ja ESLi aastapreemia žürii liikme Tea Tammelaane arvamus

  14. A preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity: Intralymphatic injection with recombinant allergens in Alum or Alum and monophosphoryl lipid A.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jonsdottir, Sigridur; Svansson, Vilhjalmur; Stefansdottir, Sara Bjork; Schüpbach, Gertraud; Rhyner, Claudio; Marti, Eliane; Torsteinsdottir, Sigurbjorg

    2016-04-01

    Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated dermatitis of horses caused by bites of Culicoides insects, not indigenous to Iceland. Horses born in Iceland and exported to Culicoides-rich areas are frequently affected with IBH. The aims of the study were to compare immunization with recombinant allergens using the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (Alum) alone or combined with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) for development of a preventive immunization against IBH. Twelve healthy Icelandic horses were vaccinated intralymphatically three times with 10 μg each of four recombinant Culicoides nubeculosus allergens in Alum or in Alum/MPLA. Injection with allergens in both Alum and Alum/MPLA resulted in significant increase in specific IgG subclasses and IgA against all r-allergens with no significant differences between the adjuvant groups. The induced antibodies from both groups could block binding of allergen specific IgE from IBH affected horses to a similar extent. No IgE-mediated reactions were induced. Allergen-stimulated PBMC from Alum/MPLA horses but not from Alum only horses produced significantly more IFNγ and IL-10 than PBMC from non-vaccinated control horses. In conclusion, intralymphatic administration of small amounts of pure allergens in Alum/MPLA induces high IgG antibody levels and Th1/Treg immune response and is a promising approach for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy against IBH. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Eestlased läti kirjanduses / Contra ; kommenteerinud Hannes Korjus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Contra, pseud., 1974-

    2011-01-01

    Artikkel põhineb tõlkija ja ajakirjaniku Hannes Korjuse uurimustel ja käsitleb Gunars Janovskise, Märt Lapi (alias Mārtiņš Lapas), Augusts Deglavsi, Zigmunds Skujiņši, Auseklise (Miķelis Krogzemis) loomingut

  16. The riddles of foehn. Introduction to the historic articles by Hann and Ficker

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seibert, Petra [University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna (Austria). Inst. of Meteorology; Vienna Univ. (Austria). Dept. of Meteorology and Geophysics

    2012-12-15

    Two key papers on the topic of foehn are introduced. The first one, published in 1885 by Julius Hann, discusses the history of the 'thermodynamic foehn theory', and the role of the various scientists who contributed to its evolution. Emphasis is placed on the early recognition of important aspects by J.P. Espy which was not properly recognised in Europe at the time of publication (around 1850). Hann's article is very interesting also because it permits insight into the role of social factors for the acceptance of scientific theories, involving two of the most important meteorologists of the 19th century, W. Dove and J. Hann himself. The second paper was published in 1910 by Heinrich Ficker and discusses theories for the process of foehn break-through which are evaluated on the base of Ficker's mesonet in the area of Innsbruck and surroundings. Finally, the most important developments in foehn research in the past 100 years, since the appearance of Ficker's article, are very briefly sketched. (orig.)

  17. Process for recovering cesium from cesium alum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mein, P.G.

    1984-01-01

    Cesium is recovered from cesium alum, CsAl(SO 4 ) 2 , by a two-reaction sequence in which the cesium alum is first dissolved in an aqueous hydroxide solution to form cesium alum hydroxide, CsAl(OH) 3 , and potassium sulfate, K 2 SO 4 . Part of the K 2 SO 4 precipitates and is separated from the supernatant solution. In the second reaction, a water-soluble permanganate, such as potassium permanganate, KMnO 4 , is added to the supernatant. This reaction forms a precipitate of cesium permanganate, CsMnO 4 . This precipitate may be separated from the residual solution to obtain cesium permanganate of high purity, which can be sold as a product or converted into other cesium compounds

  18. "Ekspeditsioon Wunderlich" = "Expedition Wunderlich" / Carl-Dag Lige, Hannes Praks ; kommenteerinud Triin Ojari

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Lige, Carl-Dag, 1982-

    2016-01-01

    Näitus "Ekspeditsioon Wunderlich" Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseumis. Autorid Katrin Talvik, Merilin Tee, Sabine Suuster, Martin Saar, Karl Taul, Alden Jõgisuu, Tõnu Lensment, Aadam Kaarma, Cael-Dag Lige, Hannes Praks. Näitus on Eesti Kunstiakadeemia ja Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseumi ühisprojekt

  19. The effect of alum addition on microbial communities in poultry litter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rothrock, M J; Cook, K L; Warren, J G; Sistani, K

    2008-08-01

    Alum [Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O] is a common poultry litter amendment used to decrease water-soluble phosphorus or reduce ammonia volatilization, or both. Although the physiochemical effects of alum addition have been well researched, little attention has been given to the poultry litter microbial communities. The goal of this study was to use molecular biological methods [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), community cloning, and quantitative real-time PCR] to characterize general, group-specific and pathogenic microbial communities in alum (10% wt/wt) and non-alum-treated litter. According to quantitative real-time PCR analyses, alum addition to the poultry litter resulted in significant reductions in both Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli concentrations by the end of the first month of the experiment (3 log and 2 log, respectively). The concentrations of Salmonella spp. were below detection (Eubacterium and low %GC gram-positive groups in the alum-treated litters by the end of the first month, with no bands detectable for either group after 8 wk of incubation. Conversely, minimal effects of alum addition were observed in the Actinomycetes community. The most significant shift in the microbial community (based on DGGE analyses) occurred in the fungal population, with a large increase in diversity and abundance within 1 mo of alum addition (1 dominant band on d 0 to 9 dominant bands at 4 wk). Specifically, the incidence of Aspergillus spp. increased from 0 to 50% of the sequences in fungal clone libraries (n = 80) over the course of the experiment. This suggests that the addition of alum to poultry litter potentially shifts the microbial populations from bacterially dominated to dominated by fungi. The ramifications of this shift in dominance are still unknown, and future work will be aimed at characterizing these fungi and elucidating their role in the acidified litter environment.

  20. Pangad nopivad odava kinnisvara / Birjo Must ; kommenteerinud Hannes Kuhlbach, Meelis Šokman

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Must, Birjo

    2010-01-01

    Võrreldes 2010. a. algusega on SEB makseraskustes klientidelt ostetud kinnisvara mahu neljakordistanud, Swedbank on mahu enam kui kahekordistanud. Kommenteerivad SEB kinnisvarahaldusfirma Estectus OÜ juht Hannes Kuhlbach ja Swedbanki Eesti kinnisvarahalduse ettevõtte Ektornet Residential Estonia OÜ juht Meelis Šokman

  1. The vaccine adjuvant alum promotes IL-10 production that suppresses Th1 responses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oleszycka, Ewa; McCluskey, Sean; Sharp, Fiona A; Muñoz-Wolf, Natalia; Hams, Emily; Gorman, Aoife L; Fallon, Padraic G; Lavelle, Ed C

    2018-04-01

    The effectiveness of many vaccines licensed for clinical use relates to the induction of neutralising antibodies, facilitated by the inclusion of vaccine adjuvants, particularly alum. However, the ability of alum to preferentially promote humoral rather than cellular, particularly Th1-type responses, is not well understood. We demonstrate that alum activates immunosuppressive mechanisms following vaccination, which limit its capacity to induce Th1 responses. One of the key cytokines limiting excessive immune responses is IL-10. Injection of alum primed draining lymph node cells for enhanced IL-10 secretion ex vivo. Moreover, at the site of injection, macrophages and dendritic cells were key sources of IL-10 expression. Alum strongly enhanced the transcription and secretion of IL-10 by macrophages and dendritic cells. The absence of IL-10 signalling did not compromise alum-induced cell infiltration into the site of injection, but resulted in enhanced antigen-specific Th1 responses after vaccination. In contrast to its decisive regulatory role in regulating Th1 responses, there was no significant change in antigen-specific IgG1 antibody production following vaccination with alum in IL-10-deficient mice. Overall, these findings indicate that injection of alum promotes IL-10, which can block Th1 responses and may explain the poor efficacy of alum as an adjuvant for inducing protective Th1 immunity. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  2. Process for recovering cesium from cesium alum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mein, P.G.

    1984-01-01

    Cesium is recovered from cesium alum, CsAl(SO 4 ) 2 , by an aqueous conversion and precipitation reaction using a critical stoichiometric excess of a water-soluble permanganate to form solid cesium permanganate (CsMnO 4 ) free from cesium alum. The other metal salts remain in solution, providing the final pH does not cause hydroxides of aluminium or iron to form. The precipitate is separated from the residual solution to obtain CsMnO 4 of high purity

  3. Hannes Schwarzbauer (1950 - 2012)

    CERN Multimedia

    2012-01-01

    Hannes came to CERN in October 1973 to take up a post with the Computer Operations Group in DD Division, leaving Stuttgart where he had been working up until then.   He quickly settled into the task of computer operations, becoming a very valued member of the team, demonstrating excellent skills in both technical knowledge and human relations. The latter was helped by his excellent command of both English and French, despite having had very little training in this particular domain. He was much appreciated by his colleagues for his calmness and approachability, and was popularly known as “Schwarzy”, a name which followed him throughout his entire CERN career. Following the outsourcing of the computer operations service in 1991, he moved to the User Support Group, where he had already assisted with the Help Desk. He continued developing his computing skills such that he provided PC 2nd level support, successfully deflecting many user queries away from the PC Group. He hel...

  4. Vastuseks Hannes Rummi väidetele / Maret Maripuu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Maripuu, Maret, 1974-

    2008-01-01

    Uue töölepingu seaduse eelnõust ja ka vastuseks Hannes Rummi artiklile "Seitse küsimust teie turvalisuse kohta". Ilmunud ka Harju Ekspress 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 6 ; Hiiu Leht 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Meie Maa 19. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Järva Teataja 22. jaan. 2008, lk. 2, pealkiri kujul: Seaduseelnõu mõistetakse vääriti ; Türi Rahvaleht 25. jaan. 2008, lk. 4, pealkiri kujul: Töölepingu seaduse eelnõu on valesti mõistetud ; Lääne Elu 19. jaan. 2008, lk. 2

  5. Secondary sulfate minerals from Alum Cave Bluff: Microscopy and microanalysis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lauf, R.J.

    1997-07-01

    Microcrystals of secondary sulfate minerals from Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, were examined by scanning electron microscopy and identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the SEM. Among the samples the author discovered three new rare-earth sulfates: coskrenite-(Ce), levinsonite-(Y), and zugshunstite-(Ce). Other minerals illustrated in this report include sulfur, tschermigite, gypsum, epsomite, melanterite, halotrichite, apjohnite, jarosite, slavikite, magnesiocopiapite, and diadochite. Additional specimens whose identification is more tentative include pickeringite, aluminite, basaluminite, and botryogen. Alum Cave is a ``Dana locality`` for apjohnite and potash alum, and is the first documented North American occurrence of slavikite.

  6. Kuidas kommenteerite hoolekogu rolli enda koolis? / Mihkel Rebane, Margus Leek, Hannes Astok ... [jt.

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2011-01-01

    Küsimusele vastavad Kiili gümnaasiumi direktor Mihkel Rebane, Mart Reiniku gümnaasiumi hoolekogu vilistlaste esindaja Margus Leek, riigikogulane, HTG hoolekogu liige Hannes Astok, Puurmani gümnaasium õpilasesinduse president Kertu Vahtra ja Saku gümnaasiumi hoolekogu esimees Aare Järvelaid

  7. Pemanfaatan tanin dari kulit kayu tingi (Ceriops tagal sebagai bahan penyamak nabati: pengaruh penambahan alum dan mimosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available This research aimed at determining the effectiveness of the Tingi bark’s extract as vegetable tanning material and the optimum formulations of Tingi extract for lining leather tanning, when combined with alum and mimosa. The research variables included the solution compositions of alum, Tingi extract, and mimosa, as well as the process sequences in which the hides were exposed to each aforementioned solution. There were 8 (eight different treatments performed in this research; those are alum (4%-Tingi, alum (6%-Tingi, alum (4%-Tingi-mimosa (5%, alum (6%-Tingi-mimosa (5%, Tingi-alum (4%,Tingi-alum (6%, Tingi-mimosa (5%-alum (4%, and Tingi-mimosa (5%-alum (6%. Characterization methods included chemical and physical tests. The results show that the Tingi extract can be used as vegetable tanning material, and the optimum properties were obtained when the alum (4% was added after the Tingi extract {Tingi-alum (4%}.The optimum properties were shrinkage temperature of 86 oC; total ash content of 0.73%; water soluble matter of 0.89%; pH of 3.78; degree of tannage of 96.37%; tensile strength of 370.65 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 36.52%; rubfastness of 5 (dry; and 4 (wet. The resulting leather also meet the requirements of Ethiopian Standard 1185:2005, Leather-Lining leather-Specification.

  8. Comparison of Moringa stenopetala seed extract as a clean coagulant with Alum and Moringa stenopetala-Alum hybrid coagulant to remove direct dye from Textile Wastewater.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dalvand, Arash; Gholibegloo, Elham; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Golchinpoor, Najmeh; Khazaei, Mohammad; Kamani, Hossein; Hosseini, Sara Sadat; Mahvi, Amir Hossein

    2016-08-01

    In this study, the efficiency of Moringa stenopetala seed extract was compared with alum and M. stenopetala-alum hybrid coagulant to remove Direct Red 23 azo dye from textile wastewater. The effects of parameters such as pH, coagulant dose, type of salt used for the extraction of coagulant and initial dye concentration on dye removal efficiency were investigated. Moreover, the existing functional groups on the structure of M. stenopetala coagulant (MSC) were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology of sludge produced by MSC, alum, and hybrid coagulant was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Ninhydrin test was also used to determine the quantity of primary amines in the MSC and Moringa oleifera coagulant (MOC). According to the results, with increasing the coagulant dose and decreasing the initial dye concentration, dye removal efficiency has increased. The maximum dye removal of 98.5, 98.2, and 98.3 % were obtained by using 240, 120, and 80 mg/L MSC, alum and hybrid coagulant at pH 7, respectively. The results also showed MSC was much more effective than MOC for dye removal. The volume of sludge produced by MSC was one fourth and half of those produced by alum and hybrid coagulant, respectively. Based on the results, hybrid coagulant was the most efficient coagulant for direct dye removal from colored wastewater.

  9. Safety and efficacy of intravesical alum for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis: a contemporary evaluation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mary E. Westerman

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Introduction: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC represents a challenging clinical entity. While various intravesical agents have been utilized in this setting, limited data exist regarding safety or efficacy. Herein, then, we evaluated the effectiveness and complications associated with intravesical alum instillation for HC in a contemporary cohort. Materials and Methods: We identified 40 patients treated with intravesical alum for HC between 1997-2014. All patients had failed previous continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline and clot evacuation. Treatment success was defined as requiring no additional therapy beyond normal saline irrigation after alum instillation. Results: Median patient age was 76.5 years (IQR 69, 83. Pelvic radiation was the most common etiology for HC (n=38, 95%. Alum use decreased patient's transfusion requirement, with 82% (32/39 receiving a transfusion within 30 days before alum instillation (median 4 units versus 59% (23/39 within 30 days after completing alum (median 3 units (p=0.05. In total, 24 patients (60% required no additional therapy prior to hospital discharge. Moreover, at a median follow-up of 17 months (IQR 5, 38.5, 13 patients (32.5% remained without additional treatment for HC. Adverse effects were reported in 15 patients (38%, with bladder spasms representing the most common event (14/40; 35%. No clinical evidence of clinically significant systemic absorption was detected. Conclusion: Intravesical alum therapy is well-tolerated, with resolution of HC in approximately 60% of patients, and a durable response in approximately one-third. Given its favorable safety/efficacy profile, intravesical alum may be considered as a first-line treatment option for patients with HC.

  10. Keskpolügooni umbsõlme lahendamisel viimane vaatus / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2006-01-01

    Kaitseministeerium ja Kuusalu vald saavutasid kohtus võidu kolme maaomaniku üle, kellel on maatükk keskpolügooni alal. Kaitseministeerium peab veel läbirääkimisi 36 perekonnaga, kellele tehakse pakkumised nende maatükkide kasutusõiguse saamiseks. Vt. samas: Rein Sikk. Polügoon võttis naiselt kaks korda kodu ära. Hannes Krause. Keskpolügooni teeninduskeskuse ehitus käib juba kaks nädalat. Kaart. Kommenteerib Lauri Almann

  11. Tartu Ülikooli Narva Kolledž = University of Tartu Narva College / Hannes Praks

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Praks, Hannes, 1973-

    2013-01-01

    Eesti Sisearhitektide Liidu 2012. aasta parima avaliku ruumi preemia pälvinud TÜ Narva Kolledzi sisekujundusest. Autorid: Hannes Praks, Kadri Tamme, Kristjan Holm, Liisi Murula, Toomas Pääsuke, Ahti Grüngerg, Daniel Marius Reisser, Helen Sarapuu. Arhitektuur: Kavakava. ESLi aastapreemiate žürii liikmete Raivo Puusepa ja Mari Kurismaa arvamused

  12. Determination of the concentration of alum additive in deep-fried dough sticks using dielectric spectroscopy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wenyu Kang

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The concentration of alum additive in deep-fried dough sticks (DFDSs was investigated using a coaxial probe method based on dielectric properties in the 0.3–10-GHz frequency range. The dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions with different concentrations of alum, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof were used. The correspondence between dielectric loss and alum concentration was thereby revealed. A steady, uniform correspondence was successfully established by introducing ω·ε″(ω, the sum of dielectric loss and conductor loss (i.e., total loss, according to the electrical conductivity of the alum-containing aqueous solutions. Specific, resonant-type dielectric dispersion arising from alum due to atomic polarization was identified around 1 GHz. This was used to discriminate the alum additive in the DFDS from other ingredients. A quantitative relationship between alum and sodium bicarbonate concentrations in the aqueous solutions and the differential dielectric loss Δε″(ω at 0.425 GHz was also established with a regression coefficient over 0.99. With the intention of eliminating the effects of the chemical reactions with sodium bicarbonate and the physical processes involved in leavening and frying during preparation, the developed technique was successfully applied to detect the alum dosage in a commercial DFDS (0.9942 g/L. The detected value agreed well with that determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (0.9722 g/L. The relative error was 2.2%. The results show that the proposed dielectric differential dispersion and loss technique is a suitable and effective method for determining the alum content in DFDSs.

  13. A review on alum sludge reuse with special reference to agricultural applications and future challenges.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dassanayake, K B; Jayasinghe, G Y; Surapaneni, A; Hetherington, C

    2015-04-01

    Alum salts are commonly used in the water industry to promote coagulation in the production of clean drinking water, which results in the generation and accumulation of 'waste' by-product 'alum sludge' in large volumes. Effective and efficient management of alum sludge in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner remains a significant social and environmental concern with ever increasing demand for potable water as a result of rapidly escalating world population and urban expansion. Various intensive practices have been employed to reuse the alum sludge in an attempt to figure out how to fill the gap between successful drinking water treatment process and environmentally friendly alum sludge management for over the years. This paper primarily aimed at comprehensive review of the existing literature on alum sludge characteristics, its environmental concerns and their potential utilization, especially in agricultural and horticultural sectors leading to update our recent state of knowledge and formulate a compendium of present and past developments. Different types of alum sludge utilizations in various fields were recognized and examined. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and potential risks of alum sludge reuse options with particular reference to agriculture were highlighted and knowledge gaps were identified. Research priorities and future challenges that will support in the development of effective alumsludgemanagement practices in agriculture with multi-prong strategies were discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Treating ammonium-rich wastewater with sludge from water treatment plant to produce ammonium alum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wen-Po Cheng

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available This study applies a process to treat ammonium-rich wastewater using alum-generated sludge form water purification plant, and gain economic benefit by producing ammonium alum (Al(NH4(SO42·12H2O. The factors affecting production of ammonium alum include molar ratio of ammonium to aluminum concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, mixing speed, mixing time, standing time, and temperature. According to the equation for the ammonium removal reaction, the theoretical quantity of ammonium alum was calculated based on initial and final concentrations of ammonium. Then, the weight of ammonium alum crystal was divided by the theoretical weight to derive the recovery ratio. The optimum sludge and sulfuric acid dosage to treat about 17 g L−1 ammonium wastewater are 300 g L−1 and 100 mL L−1, respectively. The optimal dosage for wastewater is molar ratio of ammonium to aluminum of about 1 due to the aluminum dissolving in acidified wastewater. The ammonium removal efficiency is roughly 70% and the maximum recovery ratio for ammonium alum is 93% when the wastewater is mixed for 10 min at the mixing velocity gradient of 100 s−1. Ammonium alum production or ammonium removal can be enhanced by controlling the reaction at low temperatures.

  15. Fluorescent nanodiamonds as a relevant tag for the assessment of alum adjuvant particle biodisposition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eidi, Housam; David, Marie-Odile; Crépeaux, Guillemette; Henry, Laetitia; Joshi, Vandana; Berger, Marie-Hélène; Sennour, Mohamed; Cadusseau, Josette; Gherardi, Romain K; Curmi, Patrick A

    2015-06-17

    Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunologic adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to alum particles have emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis, revealing an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence of alum within immune cells and a fundamental misconception of its biodisposition. Evidence that aluminum-coated particles phagocytozed in the injected muscle and its draining lymph nodes can disseminate within phagocytes throughout the body and slowly accumulate in the brain further suggested that alum safety should be evaluated in the long term. However, lack of specific staining makes difficult the assessment of low quantities of bona fide alum adjuvant particles in tissues. We explored the feasibility of using fluorescent functionalized nanodiamonds (mfNDs) as a permanent label of alum (Alhydrogel(®)). mfNDs have a specific and perfectly photostable fluorescence based on the presence within the diamond lattice of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers). As the NV center does not bleach, it allows the microspectrometric detection of mfNDs at very low levels and in the long-term. We thus developed fluorescent nanodiamonds functionalized by hyperbranched polyglycerol (mfNDs) allowing good coupling and stability of alum:mfNDs (AluDia) complexes. Specificities of AluDia complexes were comparable to the whole reference vaccine (anti-hepatitis B vaccine) in terms of particle size and zeta potential. In vivo, AluDia injection was followed by prompt phagocytosis and AluDia particles remained easily detectable by the specific signal of the fND particles in the injected muscle, draining lymph nodes, spleen, liver and brain. In vitro, mfNDs had low toxicity on THP-1 cells and AluDia showed cell toxicity similar to alum alone. Expectedly, AluDia elicited autophagy, and allowed highly specific detection of small amounts of alum

  16. X-ray and neutron diffraction study of alums. Pt. 2 and 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdeen, A.M.; Will, G.; Schaefer, W.; Kirfel, A.; Bargouth, M.O.; Recker, K.; Weiss, A.

    1981-01-01

    The crystal structure of the alums, (NH 3 CH 3 )Al(SO 4 ) 2 x 12 H 2 0 and (NH 4 )AL(SO 4 ) 2 x 12 H 2 0, has been determined and refined from X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The compounds crystallize cubic in space group Pa3 (Z = 4). The positional and thermal parameters of all atoms including hydrogens have been refined by full matrix least-sqares analysis resulting in Rsub(w) values from the X-ray and neutron data of 0.030 and 0.029 respectively for the methylammonium alum and of 0.024 and 0.014 respectively for the ammonium alum. The atoms of the cation groups (NH 3 CH 3 ) + and (NH 4 ) + are distributed on 8(c) and 24(d) positions in two orientations of equal probability on and around the [111] direction related to each other by an inversion centre. The disorder in the cation groups is explained by a quantized rotation. Disorder in the sulfate groups has been determined to 4.2% for the methylammonium alum and to about 17% for the ammonium alum. The disordered sulfate tetrahedra are distorted and in a reversed orientation along the threefold axis. The system of the hydrogen bonds is discussed. (orig.)

  17. Radioactivity in houses built of aerated concrete based on alum shale

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swedjemark, G.A.

    1980-01-01

    The highest activities in commonly used Swedish building materials are found in aerated concrete based on alum shale. The enhanced activity level is due to the high content of radium-226. The average activity concentration of radium-226 varies between different producers of aerated concrete based on alum shale from 700 Bq kg - (20 pCi g - ) to 2 400 Bq kg - (65 pCi g - ). Houses built in the same way with the same amounts of aerated concrete can therefore have very different gamma levels and very different concentrations of radon in the air with the same air exchange rate. Aerated concrete based on alum shale was used as a building material in Sweden from 1930 to 1975. The average concentration of radon daughters found in houses built of aerated concrete based to a major extent on alum shale is about 100 bq/m 3 (2.7 pCi 1 - ). The highest radon concentrations have been found in houses built entirely of aerated concrete based on alum shale. A group of 9 houses with natural draught ventilation systems has been investigated with regard to the concentration of radon, the equilibrium equivalent concentration of radon (EEC) and the gamma dose rate. The air exchange rates varied between the houses from 0.21 to 0.43 h - and the radon concentration from 540 Bq m - (15 pCi 1 - ) to 1 160 Bq m - (31 pCi 1 - ). The values given are averages for each house. (author)

  18. NATO vallutas jaanipäeval Aafrika ranniku lähedal väikese saareriigi / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2006-01-01

    Aafrika ranniku lähedal Cabo Verde saareriigis toimunud NATO kiirreageerimisüksuste õppusest. Vt. samas: Krause, Hannes. NRF-i hakkab pärssima raha ja mugavus. Lisad: Eestlane tagas sõdurite julgeolekut; Scheffer: Eestil pole vaja karta mingit ohtu

  19. Crystal structure investigations on cation-substituted alums by X-ray and neutron diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdeen, A.M.

    1980-04-01

    The crystal structures of the three alums: NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, (NH 3 CH 3 )Al(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O and (NH 3 OH)Al(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O have been determined from three-dimensional neutron diffraction data enhanced by X-ray diffraction when necessary. These compounds crystallize cubic in space group Pa3. The structures of the three alums exhibit partial occupancies of crystallographic sites for the NH 4 , (NH 3 CH 3 ) and (NH 3 OH) group atoms. This can be explained by a quantized rotation of the three groups around an axis perpendicular to the [111] direction. Some of the (SO 4 ) 2- groups in the NH 4 -alum are disordered with about 17% of the sulfate tetrahedra being in a reversed orientation around the sulfur atom. The disorder in (NH 3 CH 3 ) and (NH 3 OH)-alums is only 4,3% and 3.0% respectively. The atoms in the alum structures are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and between the water molecules and the sulfate oxygen atoms. In these three structures there is a strong indication that shorter hydrogen bonds tend to be nearly linear. (orig.)

  20. Two strategies for phosphorus removal from reject water of municipal wastewater treatment plant using alum sludge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Y; Zhao, Y Q; Babatunde, A O; Kearney, P

    2009-01-01

    In view of the well recognized need of reject water treatment in MWWTP (municipal wastewater treatment plant), this paper outlines two strategies for P removal from reject water using alum sludge, which is produced as by-product in drinking water treatment plant when aluminium sulphate is used for flocculating raw waters. One strategy is the use of the alum sludge in liquid form for co-conditioning and dewatering with the anaerobically digested activated sludge in MWWTP. The other strategy involves the use of the dewatered alum sludge cakes in a fixed bed for P immobilization from the reject water that refers to the mixture of the supernatant of the sludge thickening process and the supernatant of the anaerobically digested sludge. Experimental trials have demonstrated that the alum sludge can efficiently reduce P level in reject water. The co-conditioning strategy could reduce P from 597-675 mg P/L to 0.14-3.20 mg P/L in the supernatant of the sewage sludge while the organic polymer dosage for the conditioning of the mixed sludges would also be significantly reduced. The second strategy of reject water filtration with alum sludge bed has shown a good performance of P reduction. The alum sludge has P-adsorption capacity of 31 mg-P/g-sludge, which was tested under filtration velocity of 1.0 m/h. The two strategies highlight the beneficial utilization of alum sludge in wastewater treatment process in MWWTP, thus converting the alum sludge as a useful material, rather than a waste for landfill.

  1. Lilp: Norrast sisse ostetud nõukogu juht avab uksi. Rahvusvaheliseks saada ongi raske / Hannes Lilp ; intervjueerija Marili Niidumaa

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Lilp, Hannes

    2016-01-01

    Intervjuu laevaremondi- ja ehitusega tegeleva SRC Group AS-i omaniku Hannes Lilpiga. Ettevõte võitis NATO Support Agency (NSPA) hanke Eesti mereväele kuuluva miinijahtija EML Wambola värskendustöödeks

  2. Gastrointestinal parasitism in wildlife at Hann Zoological Park (Senegal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. D. Dahourou

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Fecal samples from 24 animals of eight different species were collected at Hann Zoological Park in Senegal. They were analyzed with the Telemann-Rivas qualitative microscopic method and Mac Master quantitative method. Of all the samples, 66.7% were positive, and each positive animal was infested with at least one helminth egg species, whereas protozoa were present in only four animals. In carnivores, the eggs of parasites such as Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara cati, and hookworm eggs were the most present, whereas in primates, the eggs of Trichuris sp. and Entamoeba sp. have been identified. This study provides a basis for the establishment of treat­ments in these animals.

  3. Effect of simultaneous vaccination with H1N1 and GAD-alum on GAD65-induced immune response.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tavira, Beatriz; Cheramy, Mikael; Axelsson, Stina; Åkerman, Linda; Ludvigsson, Johnny; Casas, Rosaura

    2017-07-01

    A European Phase III trial of GAD formulated with aluminium hydroxide (GAD-alum) failed to reach its primary endpoint (preservation of stimulated C-peptide secretion from baseline to 15 months in type 1 diabetes patients), but subgroup analysis showed a clinical effect when participants from Nordic countries were excluded, raising concern as to whether the mass vaccination of the Swedish and Finnish populations with the Pandemrix influenza vaccine could have influenced the study outcomes. In the current study, we aimed to assess whether Pandemrix vaccination affects the specific immune responses induced by GAD-alum and the C-peptide response. In this secondary analysis, we analysed data acquired from the Swedish participants in the Phase III GAD-alum trial who received subcutaneous GAD-alum vaccination (two doses, n = 43; four doses, n = 46) or placebo (n = 48). GAD autoantibodies (GADA) and H1N1 autoantibodies, GAD 65 -induced cytokine secretion and change in fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels from baseline to 15 months were analysed with respect to the relative time between H1N1 vaccination and the first injection of GAD-alum. GADA levels at 15 months were associated with the relative time between GAD-alum and Pandemrix administration in participants who received two doses of the GAD-alum vaccine (p = 0.015, r = 0.4). Both in participants treated with two doses and four doses of GAD-alum, GADA levels were higher when the relative time between vaccines was ≥210 days (p < 0.05). In the group that received two doses of GAD-alum, levels of several GAD 65 -induced cytokines were higher in participants who received the H1N1 vaccination and the first GAD-alum injection at least 150 days apart, and the change in fasting and stimulated C-peptide at 15 months was associated with the relative time between vaccines. Neither of these effects were observed in individuals who received four doses of GAD-alum. In individuals who received two doses of GAD-alum

  4. Decreasing phosphorus runoff losses from land-applied poultry litter with dietary modifications and alum addition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Douglas R; Moore, P A; Miles, D M; Haggard, B E; Daniel, T C

    2004-01-01

    Phosphorus (P) losses from pastures fertilized with poultry litter contribute to the degradation of surface water quality in the United States. Dietary modification and manure amendments may reduce potential P runoff losses from pastures. In the current study, broilers were fed a normal diet, phytase diet, high available phosphorus (HAP) corn diet, or HAP corn + phytase diet. Litter treatments were untreated control and alum added at 10% by weight between flocks. Phytase and HAP corn diets reduced litter dissolved P content in poultry litter by 10 and 35%, respectively, compared with the normal diet (789 mg P kg(-1)). Alum treatment of poultry litter reduced the amount of dissolved P by 47%, while a 74% reduction was noted after alum treatment of litter from the HAP corn + phytase diet. The P concentrations in runoff water were highest from plots receiving poultry litter from the normal diet, whereas plots receiving poultry litter from phytase and HAP corn diets had reduced P concentrations. The addition of alum to the various poultry litters reduced P runoff by 52 to 69%; the greatest reduction occurred when alum was used in conjunction with HAP corn and phytase. This study demonstrates the potential added benefits of using dietary modification in conjunction with manure amendments in poultry operations. Integrators and producers should consider the use of phytase, HAP corn, and alum to reduce potential P losses associated with poultry litter application to pastures.

  5. Application of alum and chickpea (cicer arietinum) in removing color from leachate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zin, N. S. M.; Awang, N. H.; Akbar, N. A.

    2018-04-01

    Dual coagulant has the potential to improve the coagulation process. In leachate treatment coagulation/flocculation can be used as a main treatment method or as a polishing/tertiary treatment step. Application of natural coagulant as coagulant aids able to increase the formation of floc and the removal ability of the coagulation process. This study was focusing on the ability of dual coagulants made from chemical coagulant (Alum) and natural coagulant (Cicer Arietinum (CA)) in removing colour from leachate. Jar test was carried out to investigate the effect of dose and pH on the removal ability of the dual coagulant. The optimum pH and dose for dual coagulant were obtained at pH 6.0 with dose of Alum at 4 g/L and dose of CA at 0.6 g/L with 94% removal of colour. While the optimum removal of colour for single Alum (4 g/L) and single CA (1.4 g/L) were recorded as 88% and 22%, respectively. The removals obtained using single natural and chemical coagulants were not as good as those obtained by dual coagulant. Thus, addition of CA as a coagulant aid for alum, able to increase the removal of color from leachate and has the potential to be applied as a treatment method for leachate.

  6. The Contrasting Effects of Alum-Treated Chicken Manures and KH2PO4 on Phosphorus Behavior in Soils.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Lidong; Yang, Junming; Xu, Yuting; Lei, Jiayan; Luo, Xiaoshan; Cade-Menun, Barbara J

    2018-03-01

    Alum [KAl(SO)⋅12HO] is often added to chicken manure to limit P solubility after land application. This is generally ascribed to the formation of Al-PO complexes. However, Al-PO complex formation could be affected by the matrix of chicken manure, which varies with animal diet. Alum was added to KHPO (as a reference material) and two manures from typical chicken farms in China, one from an intensive farm (CMIF) and another from free-ranging chickens (CMFR). These were subsequently incubated with soils for 100 d to investigate P transformations. Alum reduced water-soluble colorimetrically reactive phosphorus (RP) from soils amended with manure more effectively than in soils amended with KHPO. Alum addition lowered Mehlich-3 RP in soils with CMFR but had no influence on Mehlich-3 RP in CMIF- or KHPO-amended soils. A comparison of P in digested Mehlich-3 extracts with RP in undigested samples showed significantly increased P in digests of alum-treated CMFR only. Fractionation data indicated that alum treatment increased P in the NHF-RP (Al-P) fraction only in soils with KHPO, but not in soils with manure treatments. Furthermore, NaOH-extracted nonreactive P was markedly higher in soil with alum-treated CMFR relative to normal CMFR. The CMFR manure was assumed to contain higher concentrations of organic P because these chickens were fed grains only. These results suggest that the formation of alum-organic P complexes may reduce P solubility. By comparing alum-treated KHPO and manures, it appears that organic matter in manure could interfere with the formation of Al-PO complexes. Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and AgriFood Canada.

  7. Alum an Efficient Catalyst for Erlenmeyer Synthesis

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    NICO

    this paper we describe the use of alum as a catalyst in the. Erlenmeyer reaction, under solvent-free condition using ultra- sonic irradiation. The application of solvent-free reaction conditions in organic chemistry has been explored extensively within the last decade. It was shown to be an efficient technique for various organic.

  8. Study of the process of multistage leaching of alum shale's sulphate d ashes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maremae, E.; Ruendal, L.; Ahelik, V.

    1991-01-01

    The scheme of the process was worked out on the basis of small (the weight of starting ashes 1 kg) and big (76.2 kg) laboratory tests with the result of getting aluminium potassium sulphate (alum) as a commercial product, and a technological solution with increased content of metals (Ti, Mo, V, U, etc.). Ashes received by means of Toolse deposit (Estonia) alum-shale fluidized-bed ashing at 800 o C, were used as basic material. The ashes were sulphate d in combustion tubes provided with electric heater using sulphate roasting process: the ashes were mixed with 75% H 2 SO 4 with the ratio S : L = 4 : 3 to get a homogeneous paste which was calcinated in the tube at 250-300 o C for 30 min. The calcinated paste (clinker) was treated with boiling water. The leaching experiments were carried out with various S : L ratios; in small test - in 2-litre bulbs, equipped with a stirring-rod, reflux condenser and thermometer, in the pulp at boiling temperature (101 o C). The hot leaching pulp was filtered under pressure using forcing filters. The final solutions were cooled and treated in order to receive alum. Under the conditions of a discontinuous process, the yield of raw alum (content of Fe 2 O 3 ∼1%) made up 240-270 kg/t of the starting ashes, both at the expense of the ashes' own potassium and at the expense of the potassium added from outside. The standard alum with regard to the content of iron admixture was obtained after repeated recrystallization of the raw alum. After the separation of alum, the solutions with the specific weight of 1.4-1.5 t/m 3 , and with the following average metal and sulphuric acid content in the solutions of the small and big tests were obtained: Ti 4.8 and 8.3; Mo 0.4 and 0.8; V 1.0 and 1.9; U 0.2 and 0.5; Fe 66 and 90; Al 18 and 20; K 1.9 and 3.4; H 2 SO 4 117 and 123 g/l, respectively. The extraction of metals into the solution in small and big tests was as follows: ti 71 and 64, Mo 73 and 66, V94 and 86, U 91 and 77, Fe 69 and 60, Al 45

  9. Interleukin-4- and NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3-independent mechanisms of alum enhanced T helper type 2 responses on basophils.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Feng-Juan; Ma, Yi-Lei; Tang, Ruo-Yu; Gong, Wen-Ci; Li, Jun; Chen, Chun-Xia; Yin, Lan; Chen, Xiao-Ping

    2016-10-01

    Aluminium hydroxide (alum), the most widely used adjuvant in human and animal vaccines, has long been known to promote T helper type 2 (Th2) responses and Th2-associated humoral responses, but the mechanisms have remained poorly understood. In this study, we explored whether alum is able to directly modulate antigen-presenting cells to enhance their potency for Th2 polarization. We found that alum treatment of dendritic cells failed to show any Th2-promoting activities. In contrast, alum was able to enhance the capacity of basophils to induce Th2 cells. When basophils from interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice were examined, the intrinsic Th2-promoting activities by basophils were largely abrogated, but the alum-enhanced Th2-promoting activities on basophils were still detectable. More importantly, Th2-promoting adjuvant activities by alum found in IL-4 knockout mice were also largely reduced when basophils were depleted by antibody administration. Therefore, basophils can mediate Th2-promoting activities by alum both in vitro and in vivo through IL-4-independent mechanisms. Further studies revealed that secreted soluble molecules from alum-treated basophils were able to confer the Th2-promoting activities, and neutralization of thymic stromal lymphopoietin or IL-25 attenuated the IL-4-independent development of Th2 cells elicited by alum-treated basophils. Finally, alum was able to activate NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in murine basophils in the same way as alum in professional antigen-presenting cells, but NLRP3 was not required for Th2-promoting activities on basophils by alum in vitro. These results demonstrated that alum can enhance the capacities of basophils to polarize Th2 cells via IL-4- and NLRP3-independent pathways. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. Biozonation of the furongian (upper Cambrian) alum shale formation at Hunneberg, Sweden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Bo Wilhelm; Rasmussen, Jan Audun Liljeroth; Nielsen, Arne Thorshøj

    2016-01-01

    The Furongian Alum Shale at Nygård, Hunneberg, Sweden, has been sampled for trilobites. The section is ≥12.20 m thick and comprises a relatively thick Olenus superzone, overlain by more condensed Parabolina, Leptoplastus, Protopeltura and Peltura superzones. The section is truncated low in the Pe......The Furongian Alum Shale at Nygård, Hunneberg, Sweden, has been sampled for trilobites. The section is ≥12.20 m thick and comprises a relatively thick Olenus superzone, overlain by more condensed Parabolina, Leptoplastus, Protopeltura and Peltura superzones. The section is truncated low...

  11. Performance of alum and assorted coagulants in turbidity removal of muddy water

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malik, Qasim H.

    2018-03-01

    Coagulation is a primary and cost effective process in water treatment plants. Under optimum conditions, not only it effectively removes turbidity but also results in reduced sludge volume and subsequently minimizes sludge management costs. Highly turbid water from streams, canals, rivers and rain run offs was run through jar test for turbidity removal. The brown water with 250NTU turbidity when coagulated with alum and assorted coagulants proved that maximum turbidity removal was witnessed using alum dose of 0.25 g/l at ph 6 with a sedimentation time of 30 min.

  12. Resource potential of the Alum Shale in Denmark

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gautier, Donald L.; Schovsbo, Niels H.; Nielsen, Arne Thorshøj

    2014-01-01

    . "Sweet spots" were defined as fault blocks that contain both TOC-rich Furongian Alum Shale and thick Silurian strata, indicating minor Late Paleozoic uplift and erosion and thus higher probability of gas retention, which is the main technical risk to the play. Large volumes of oil and then gas were...

  13. Method of utilization of alum shales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dahlerus, C G

    1908-07-04

    A procedure - by means of reducing smelting of bituminous alum shales in a closed furnace process with or without the use of additional fuel and without adding lime or other slag-forming material - to utilize the hydrocarbons and tar oils formed, and likewise the alkali, nitrogen, and sulfur compositions is given. This is accomplished by making these products follow the furnace gases, and later separating them from the gases by cooling for condensation. The patent contains one more claim.

  14. Phosphorus leaching from soil cores from a twenty-year study evaluating alum treatment of poultry litter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adding alum (aluminum sulfate) to poultry litter is a best management practice (BMP) used to stabilize phosphorus (P) in less soluble forms, reducing non-point source P runoff. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of alum-treated poultry litter on P leaching. The objective of...

  15. Experiencias de urbanismo: los proyectos urbanos de Hannes Meyer en México (1938-1949)

    OpenAIRE

    Raquel Franklin Unkind

    2013-01-01

    Hannes Meyer arrived in Mexico in 1938 to take part in the XVIth International Housing and Town Planning Congress. One year later he founded the Institute for Urban Development and Planning and stayed in Mexico for the next ten years undertaking various urban projects such as the Lomas de Becerra Apartment Block, the Corpus Christi block, and the Agua Hedionda beach resort. Each one of these is the result of a dialectic process with his previous phases of work in which it is possible to see e...

  16. Biogenic gas in the Cambrian-Ordovcian Alum Shale (Denmark and Sweden)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schulz, H.M.; Wirth, R.; Biermann, S.; Arning, E.T. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam (Germany); Krueger, M.; Straaten, N. [BGR Hannover (Germany); Bechtel, A. [Montanuniv. Leoben (Austria); Berk, W. van [Technical Univ. of Clausthal (Germany); Schovsbo, N.H. [Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland - GEUS, Copenhagen (Denmark); Crabtree, Stephen [Gripen Gas (Sweden)

    2013-08-01

    Shale gas is mainly produced from thermally mature black shales. However, biogenic methane also represents a resource which is often underestimated. Today biogenic methane is being produced from the Upper Devonian Antrim Shale in the Michigan Basin which was the most successfully exploited shale gas system during the 1990-2000 decade in the U.S.A. before significant gas production from the Barnett Shale started (Curtis et al., 2008). The Cambro-Ordovician Alum Shale in northern Europe has thermal maturities ranging from overmature in southern areas (Denmark and southern Sweden) to immature conditions (central Sweden). Biogenic methane is recorded during drilling in central Sweden. The immature Alum Shale in central Sweden has total organic carbon (TOC) contents up to 20 wt%. The hydrogen index HI ranges from 380 to 560 mgHC/gTOC at very low oxygen index (OI) values of around 4 mg CO{sub 2}/gTOC, Tmax ranges between 420 - 430 C. The organic matter is highly porous. In general, the Alum Shale is a dense shale with intercalated sandy beds which may be dense due to carbonate cementation. Secondary porosity is created in some sandy beds due to feldspar dissolution and these beds serve as gas conduits. Methane production rates with shale as substrate in the laboratory are dependent on the kind of hydrocarbon-degrading microbial enrichment cultures used in the incubation experiments, ranging from 10-620 nmol/(g*d). In these experiments, the CO{sub 2} production rate was always higher than for methane. Like the northern part of North America, also Northern European has been covered by glaciers during the Pleistocene and similar geological processes may have developed leading to biogenic shale gas formation. For the Antrim Shale one hypothesis suggests that fresh waters, recharged from Pleistocene glaciation and modern precipitation, suppressed basinal brine salinity along the northern margins of the Michigan Basin to greater depths and thereby enhancing methanogenesis

  17. Long-lasting immune responses 4 years after GAD-alum treatment in children with type 1 diabetes.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stina Axelsson

    Full Text Available A phase II clinical trial with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65 formulated with aluminium hydroxide (GAD-alum has shown efficacy in preserving residual insulin secretion in children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D. We have performed a 4-year follow-up study of 59 of the original 70 patients to investigate long-term cellular and humoral immune responses after GAD-alum-treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC were stimulated in vitro with GAD(65. Frequencies of naïve, central and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured, together with cytokine secretion, proliferation, gene expression and serum GAD(65 autoantibody (GADA levels. We here show that GAD-alum-treated patients display increased memory T-cell frequencies and prompt T-cell activation upon in vitro stimulation with GAD(65, but not with control antigens, compared with placebo subjects. GAD(65-induced T-cell activation was accompanied by secretion of T helper (Th 1, Th2 and T regulatory cytokines and by induction of T-cell inhibitory pathways. Moreover, post-treatment serum GADA titres remained persistently increased in the GAD-alum arm, but did not inhibit GAD(65 enzymatic activity. In conclusion, memory T- and B-cell responses persist 4 years after GAD-alum-treatment. In parallel to a GAD(65-induced T-cell activation, our results show induction of T-cell inhibitory pathways important for regulating the GAD(65 immunity.

  18. Staging the Nazi Assault on Reason: Hanns Johst's "Schlageter" and the 'Theatre of Inner Experience'

    OpenAIRE

    Strobl, Gerwin

    2005-01-01

    Hanns Johst’s play Schlageter is generally regarded as the most successful piece of Nazi\\ud theatre. Following its first performance in the early months of the Third Reich, it dominated\\ud German theatrical life throughout 1933 and 1934. This has traditionally been regarded as\\ud evidence of the essential conformity of the Third Reich’s stage; yet since no other play\\ud achieved a similar prominence in the period, Gerwin Strobl finds that line of argument\\ud unconvincing, arguing that the suc...

  19. Removal of alum from Iron-Age wooden objects by an applied electric field

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Iben Vernegren; Ottosen, Lisbeth M.; Jensen, Poul

    2010-01-01

    In this paper removal of potassium, sulfate and aluminum ions from waterlogged alum treated wood with the use of an applied electric field is described. An electric DC field was applied across the wood for 4-20 days. At the end of the experiments sulfate had moved as expected towards the anode...... was not obtained in the experiments reported here, but the high conductivity and the transport of the measured ions due to the electric field indicates that an applied electric field as a method for removal of alum and other unwanted ions from treated wooden objects warrants further investigation....

  20. Vaccination of mice for research purpose: alum is as effective as and safer than complete Freund adjuvant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Punzi

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE is an autoimmune disease involving many organ systems. Glomerulonephritis (GLN is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in SLE. It has recently been demonstrated that adjuvants of vaccines could cause the so called ASIA syndrome. The study aimed to assess the effects of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA vs alum injections in NZB/NZWF1 mice. Mice (n=10 each group were injected with a total volume of 200 μL of: CFA in PBS (group 1, alum in PBS (group 2, PBS (group 3 as controls, PTX3/CFA (group 4, PTX3/alum (group 5, 3 times, 3 weeks apart /given in each injection, three weeks apart from ten weeks of age. Urine samples were collected weekly to evaluate proteinuria. Blood samples were collected before every injection, at 21 weeks of age, and at death to evaluate levels of anti-PTX3 and anti-dsDNA. Proteinuria free survival and survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method using Mantel-Cox’s test for comparisons. CFA-treated mice developed both anti-dsDNA antibodies and proteinuria earlier and at higher levels than alumtreated and PBS-injected mice, starting from 13 weeks of age. Proteinuria free survival rates (proteinuria ≥300 mg/dL and survival rates were lower in CFA-treated mice than those treated with alum or injected with PBS (P<0.001 for all. No difference was observed between the alum-treated group and PBS-injected mice. Notably, groups 4 and 5, immunized with PTX3, developed anti-PTX3 antibodies and no significant difference was observed. Alum seems to be as effective as and safer than CFA as adjuvant, since it did not affect disease progression in immunized NZB/NZWF1 mice.

  1. Reducing phosphorus runoff and leaching from poultry litter with alum: Twenty-year small plot and paired-watershed studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Treating poultry litter with alum is a best management practice (BMP) for lowering ammonia (NH3) emissions and phosphorus (P) runoff losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term (20 year) effects of alum-treated and untreated poultry litter applications on P availability, leachi...

  2. Synergy Between Moringa oleifera Seed Powder And Alum In The ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Other parameters determined also showed conformity with WHO standards for drinking water. The results indicate that moringa oleifera has a double advantage compared to commercial alum because of the presence of phytochemicals which have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties with potentials for ...

  3. Turbidity and chlorine demand reduction using alum and moringa flocculation before household chlorination in developing countries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Preston, Kelsey; Lantagne, Daniele; Kotlarz, Nadine; Jellison, Kristen

    2010-03-01

    Over 1.1 billion people in the world lack access to improved drinking water. Diarrhoeal and other waterborne diseases cause an estimated 1.87 million deaths per year. The Safe Water System (SWS) is a household water treatment intervention that reduces diarrhoeal disease incidence among users in developing countries. Turbid waters pose a particular challenge to implementation of SWS programmes; although research shows that a 3.75 mg l(-1) sodium hypochlorite dose effectively treats turbid waters, users sometimes object to the strong chlorine taste and prefer to drink water that is more aesthetically pleasing. This study investigated the efficacy of two locally available chemical water treatments-alum and Moringa oleifera flocculation-to reduce turbidity and chlorine demand at turbidities of 10, 30, 70, 100 and 300 NTU. Both treatments effectively reduced turbidity (alum flocculation 23.0-91.4%; moringa flocculation 14.2-96.2%). Alum flocculation effectively reduced chlorine demand compared with controls at 30, 70, 100 and 300 NTU (p=0.01-0.06). Moringa flocculation increased chlorine demand to the point where adequate free chlorine residual was not maintained for 24 hours after treatment. Alum pretreatment is recommended in waters>or=30 NTU for optimum water disinfection. Moringa flocculation is not recommended before chlorination.

  4. Characterization and removal of natural organic matter from slow sand filter effluent followed by alum coagulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hidayah, Euis Nurul; Chou, Yung-Chen; Yeh, Hsuan-Hsien

    2018-03-01

    Characterization and removal of natural organic matter, which is contained in the effluent of slow sand filters, was observed by alum coagulation under various dosages. In addition to non-purgedable dissolved organic carbon (NPDOC), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) measurement, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with ultraviolet/visible and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) detectors was used to characterize the various organic fractions contained in the water before and after coagulation. The results show that alum coagulation could effectively remove hydrophobic aromatic, which forms mainly humic substances. The reduction in THMFP was found to be higher than that of NPDOC and HAAFP under specific alum dosage, and the former was also found to be proportional to the corresponding reduction in the area of hydrophobic aromatic fraction, mostly humic subtances, as obtained from HPSEC chromatogram with peak-fitting.

  5. The use of an electric field for the removal of alum from treated wooden objects

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Iben Vernegren; Ottosen, Lisbeth M.; Jensen, Poul

    2009-01-01

    In this paper the removal of sulfate and aluminum ions from waterlogged alum treated wood with the use of an applied electric field is in focus. Removal of alum is seen as the first step towards re-conservation of the wood with e.g. PEG. Alum treated wood samples from the Hjortspring finds (app....... 350 BC) was used in this investigation and a total of six experiments are presented here. An electric DC field was applied across the wood for 4-20 days. A constant current of 1-5 mA was applied and the corresponding voltage drop initially low, often below 10 V. At the end of the experiments sulfate...... has moved as expected towards the positively charged electrode (anode) and after 20 days only 10% of the sulfate was left in the wood. The majority of the sulfate was removed with the use of the electric field. It was shown that it is possible to apply the electric field and remove sulfate in both...

  6. Zeolite Combined with Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride Mixed with Agricultural Slurries Reduces Carbon Losses in Runoff from Grassed Soil Boxes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murnane, J G; Brennan, R B; Fenton, O; Healy, M G

    2016-11-01

    Carbon (C) losses from agricultural soils to surface waters can migrate through water treatment plants and result in the formation of disinfection by-products, which are potentially harmful to human health. This study aimed to quantify total organic carbon (TOC) and total inorganic C losses in runoff after application of dairy slurry, pig slurry, or milk house wash water (MWW) to land and to mitigate these losses through coamendment of the slurries with zeolite (2.36-3.35 mm clinoptilolite) and liquid polyaluminum chloride (PAC) (10% AlO) for dairy and pig slurries or liquid aluminum sulfate (alum) (8% AlO) for MWW. Four treatments under repeated 30-min simulated rainfall events (9.6 mm h) were examined in a laboratory study using grassed soil runoff boxes (0.225 m wide, 1 m long; 10% slope): control soil, unamended slurries, PAC-amended dairy and pig slurries (13.3 and 11.7 kg t, respectively), alum-amended MWW (3.2 kg t), combined zeolite and PAC-amended dairy (160 and 13.3 kg t zeolite and PAC, respectively) and pig slurries (158 and 11.7 kg t zeolite and PAC, respectively), and combined zeolite and alum-amended MWW (72 and 3.2 kg t zeolite and alum, respectively). The unamended and amended slurries were applied at net rates of 31, 34, and 50 t ha for pig and dairy slurries and MWW, respectively. Significant reductions of TOC in runoff compared with unamended slurries were measured for PAC-amended dairy and pig slurries (52 and 56%, respectively) but not for alum-amended MWW. Dual zeolite and alum-amended MWW significantly reduced TOC in runoff compared with alum amendment only. We conclude that use of PAC-amended dairy and pig slurries and dual zeolite and alum-amended MWW, although effective, may not be economically viable to reduce TOC losses from organic slurries given the relatively low amounts of TOC measured in runoff from unamended slurries compared with the amounts applied. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of

  7. On the changing petroleum generation properties of Alum Shale over geological time caused by uranium irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Shengyu; Schulz, Hans-Martin; Horsfield, Brian; Schovsbo, Niels H.; Noah, Mareike; Panova, Elena; Rothe, Heike; Hahne, Knut

    2018-05-01

    An interdisciplinary study was carried out to unravel organic-inorganic interactions caused by the radiogenic decay of uranium in the immature organic-rich Alum Shale (Middle Cambrian-Lower Ordovician). Based on pyrolysis experiments, uranium content is positively correlated with the gas-oil ratios and the aromaticities of both the free hydrocarbons residing in the rock and the pyrolysis products from its kerogen, indicating that irradiation has had a strong influence on organic matter composition overall and hence on petroleum potential. The Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry data reveal that macro-molecules in the uranium-rich Alum Shale samples are less alkylated than less irradiated counterparts, providing further evidence for structural alteration by α-particle bombardment. In addition, oxygen containing-compounds are enriched in the uranium-rich samples but are not easily degradable into low-molecular-weight products due to irradiation-induced crosslinking. Irradiation has induced changes in organic matter composition throughout the shale's entire ca. 500 Ma history, irrespective of thermal history. This factor has to be taken into account when reconstructing petroleum generation history. The Alum Shale's kerogen underwent catagenesis in the main petroleum kitchen area 420-340 Ma bp. Our calculations suggest the kerogen was much more aliphatic and oil-prone after deposition than that after extensive exposure to radiation. In addition, the gas sorption capacity of the organic matter in the Alum Shale can be assumed to have been less developed during Palaeozoic times, in contrast to results gained by sorption experiments performed at the present day, for the same reason. The kerogen reconstruction method developed here precludes overestimations of gas generation and gas retention in the Alum Shale by taking irradiation exposure into account and can thus significantly mitigate charge risk when applied in the explorations for both

  8. Logit and probit model in toll sensitivity analysis of Solo-Ngawi, Kartasura-Palang Joglo segment based on Willingness to Pay (WTP)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Handayani, Dewi; Cahyaning Putri, Hera; Mahmudah, AMH

    2017-12-01

    Solo-Ngawi toll road project is part of the mega project of the Trans Java toll road development initiated by the government and is still under construction until now. PT Solo Ngawi Jaya (SNJ) as the Solo-Ngawi toll management company needs to determine the toll fare that is in accordance with the business plan. The determination of appropriate toll rates will affect progress in regional economic sustainability and decrease the traffic congestion. These policy instruments is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable transport. Therefore, the objective of this research is to find out how the toll fare sensitivity of Solo-Ngawi toll road based on Willingness To Pay (WTP). Primary data was obtained by distributing stated preference questionnaires to four wheeled vehicle users in Kartasura-Palang Joglo artery road segment. Further data obtained will be analysed with logit and probit model. Based on the analysis, it is found that the effect of fare change on the amount of WTP on the binomial logit model is more sensitive than the probit model on the same travel conditions. The range of tariff change against values of WTP on the binomial logit model is 20% greater than the range of values in the probit model . On the other hand, the probability results of the binomial logit model and the binary probit have no significant difference (less than 1%).

  9. Experiencias de urbanismo: los proyectos urbanos de Hannes Meyer en México (1938-1949

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Franklin Unkind

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Hannes Meyer arrived in Mexico in 1938 to take part in the XVIth International Housing and Town Planning Congress. One year later he founded the Institute for Urban Development and Planning and stayed in Mexico for the next ten years undertaking various urban projects such as the Lomas de Becerra Apartment Block, the Corpus Christi block, and the Agua Hedionda beach resort. Each one of these is the result of a dialectic process with his previous phases of work in which it is possible to see elements such as his Swiss-German and Soviet ideas. Over this article his emphasis on science will be highlighted.

  10. MIGRAÇÃO DA ESPÉCIE INORGÂNICA – Alumínio – DOS UTENSÍLIOS CULINÁRIOS PARA O CEREAL ARROZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Paulo Palomino Lúcio

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Os utensílios culinários sempre estiveram em constante “evolução”, buscando praticidade, e nunca importando com o nível de toxicologia. Objetivando-se avaliar a migração de alumínio durante o cozimento do arroz por titulação indireta e FAAS, com extrações em HCl 1,0 e 0,1 mol L-1, amostras de arroz foram cozidas em três diferentes utensílios culinários: panela/colher de alumínio, panela de alumínio/colher de polietileno e panela de vidro/colher de polietileno. Na titulação indireta, não foi detectada diferença estatística pelo uso das diferentes concentrações, embora ocorreu detecções na concentração 0,1 mol L-1, já pela técnica FAAS houve apenas detecção e diferença estatística para panela de alumínio/colher de alumínio.

  11. Method of distillation of alum shale

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hultman, G H

    1920-02-03

    A method is given of distilling alum shale by means of preheated gases obtained from the process of distillation in which the gases are circulating within a system consisting of the retort, the condensation apparatus, and generator, each separate. It is characterized by leading the gases produced during the distillation through a condensation apparatus for separation of the condensable products, such as oil, benzene, ammonia, and sulfur, and the noncondensable gases are conveyed through one or more heated generators that have been charged with residue from the process of distillation (any superfluous amount of gas formed during the process being released). The heated gases are thereupon passed to the retort for completion of the distillation process.

  12. A insustentável leveza do alumínio: impactos socioambientais da inserção do Brasil no mercado mundial de alumínio primário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alen Batista Henriques

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo procura discutir a produção de alumínio no Brasil e seus impactos socioambientais e à saúde pública. Os impactos da cadeia produtiva do alumínio colocam em xeque a ideia de crescimento sustentável difundido pelos grupos empresariais que atuam no setor. O artigo defende a tese de que a inserção do Brasil no mercado global do alumínio faz parte de uma nova configuração da Divisão Internacional do Trabalho (DIT, cujas atividades econômicas poluentes e altamente dependentes de energia, como o caso deste metal vêm se deslocando para nações periféricas ou emergentes, onde muitas vezes as legislações são menos austeras, do mesmo modo como são menos influentes os movimentos ambientalistas e as reivindicações das populações atingidas nos territórios afetados em seus direitos à saúde, ao ambiente saudável e à cultura. A competitividade desta commodity é garantida no mercado internacional, a partir da produção de externalidades como os danos ao ambiente, desmatamentos, emissões de gases do efeito estufa e de cenários de injustiça ambiental, como também nos empreendimentos de construção de barragens hidrelétricas que expõem comunidades tradicionais a situações que envolvem a perca de seus territórios.

  13. Desempenho de um filme livre de cromo na proteção contra a corrosão de ligas de alumínio 2024.

    OpenAIRE

    Mayra Rúbia Silva Castro

    2001-01-01

    Este trabalho propõe o uso de um filme preparado a partir de solução aquosa alcalina contendo íons de lítio, borato e alumínio, no sentido de inibir a corrosão de ligas de alumínio de uso aeronáutico, buscando sempre comparações com filmes de sais de cromo, atualmente utilizados. Os filmes foram obtidos por dip coating (5 minutos) e por polarização anódica (5 e 45 minutos) de ligas de alumínio 2024-T3 na solução aquosa alcalina contendo íons de lítio, borato e alumínio. Foram feitas micrograf...

  14. Polyaluminium chloride as an alternative to alum for the direct filtration of drinking water.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zarchi, Idit; Friedler, Eran; Rebhun, Menahem

    2013-01-01

    The efficiency of various polyaluminium chloride coagulants (PACls) was compared to the efficiency of aluminium sulfate (alum) in the coagulation-flocculation process preceding direct filtration in drinking water treatment. The comparative study consisted of two separate yet complementary series of experiments: the first series included short (5-7 h) and long (24 h) filter runs conducted at a pilot filtration plant equipped with large filter columns that simulated full-scale filters. Partially treated surface water from the Sea of Galilee, characterized by very low turbidity (-1 NTU), was used. In the second series of experiments, speciation of aluminium in situ was investigated using the ferron assay method. Results from the pilot-scale study indicate that most PACls were as or more efficient a coagulant as alum for direct filtration of surface water without requiring acid addition for pH adjustment and subsequent base addition for re-stabilizing the water. Consequently, cost analysis of the chemicals needed for the process showed that treatment with PACl would be significantly less costly than treatment with alum. The aluminium speciation experiments revealed that the performance of the coagulant is more influenced by the species present during the coagulation process than those present in the original reagents.

  15. Vaccination of mice for research purpose: alum is as effective as and safer than complete Freund adjuvant

    OpenAIRE

    L. Punzi; Y. Shoenfeld; B. Bottazzi; M. Gatto; A. Ghirardello; R. Luisetto; N. Bassi; A. Doria

    2012-01-01

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving many organ systems. Glomerulonephritis (GLN) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in SLE. It has recently been demonstrated that adjuvants of vaccines could cause the so called ASIA syndrome. The study aimed to assess the effects of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) vs alum injections in NZB/NZWF1 mice. Mice (n=10 each group) were injected with a total volume of 200 μL of: CFA in PBS (group 1), alum in PBS (...

  16. Alum application to improve water quality in a municipal wastewater treatment wetland: Effects on macrophyte growth and nutrient uptake

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Malecki-Brown, Lynette M.; White, John R.; Brix, Hans

    2010-01-01

    Application of low doses of alum to treatment wetlands to reduce elevated outflow winter phosphorus concentrations were tested in mesocosms vegetated with either Typha domingensis, Schoenoplectus californicus, or submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) (Najas guadalupensis-dominated). Alum was pumped......-treated SAV as compared to the control, and in Typha and Schoenoplectus the concentrations were 4- and 2-fold, higher, respectively. The N/P ratios in the plant tissues were low (

  17. Upgrading of Alum Preparation and Dosing Unit for Sharq Dijla Water Treatment Plant by Using Programmable Logic Controller System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aumar Al-Nakeeb

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available One of the important units in Sharq Dijla Water Treatment Plant (WTP first and second extensions are the alum solution preparation and dosing unit. The existing operation of this unit accomplished manually starting from unloading the powder alum in the preparation basin and ending by controlling the alum dosage addition through the dosing pumps to the flash mix chambers. Because of the modern trend of monitoring and control the automatic operation of WTPs due to the great benefits that could be gain from optimum equipment operation, reducing the operating costs and human errors. This study deals with how to transform the conventional operation to an automatic monitoring and controlling system depending on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC and online sensors for alum preparation and dosing unit in Sharq Dijla WTP. PLC system will receive, analyze transmitting data, compare them with preset points then automatically orders the operational equipment (such as pumps, valves, and mixers in a way that guarantees the safe and appropriate operation of the unit. As a result of Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (PID that were prepared in this study, these units can be fully operating and manage by using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA system.

  18. Evaluation of aluminum sulfate (alum) as a feedlot surface amendment to reduce ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and greenhouse gas emissions from beef feedlots

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from concentrated feeding operations are a concern. The poultry industry has successfully used aluminum sulfate (Alum) as a litter amendment to reduce NH3 emissions from poultry barns. Alum has not been eval­uated for similar uses on cattle feedlot su...

  19. John Ellis, Jens Vigen and Mick Storr on handmade knits made for CERN by high-school teachers Inga Hanne Dokka (Kongsberg videregående skole) and Jolanta Nylund (Akademiet Drammen)

    CERN Multimedia

    Pantelia, Anna

    2014-01-01

    Mick Storr wearing a pull-over made by high-school teacher Jolanta Nylund, Akademiet, Drammen. John Ellis and Jens Vigen in jumpers knitted by high-school teacher Inga Hanne Dokka Kongsberg videregående skole.

  20. Resistência do arroz de terras altas ao alumínio Aluminum resistance of upland rice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cleber M. Guimarães

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, identificar indicadores de resistência à toxicidade de alumínio em arroz de terras altas e linhagens com baixa susceptibilidade a esta toxicidade. Avaliaram-se 48 linhagens de arroz em solução nutritiva e dois níveis de estresse de alumínio: 0 e 40 mg dm-3 de Al; após 21 dias de teste, estimaram-se a massa da matéria seca das raízes e do dossel, o comprimento máximo das raízes e a altura das plantas e, também, índices de susceptibilidade à toxicidade de alumínio. Verificou-se que todos os indicadores de susceptibilidade ao alumínio, exceto aqueles relacionados à variabilidade do pH, se correlacionaram significativamente. O índice de susceptibilidade do crescimento radicular (S Rcm por se considerar, no seu cálculo, o crescimento radicular com e sem estresse de Al e a pressão de estresse de Al em que as linhagens foram avaliadas, constitui-se em importante parâmetro a ser usado na seleção para resistência à toxicidade ao alumínio. Conforme a distribuição das linhagens em quartis, delimitados pelo comprimento radicular superior a 47 cm e pelo SRcm menor que 0,92, selecionou-se o grupo de linhagens, CNA4120, CNA4164 e CNA1383, que apresenta raízes bem desenvolvidas, tanto na ausência como na presença de alumínio.The objective of this work was to identify indicators of resistance of aluminum toxicity in upland rice as well as lines with low susceptibility to this toxicity. Fifty one rice lines were evaluated in greenhouse, in nutrient solution, under two levels: 0 and 40 mg dm-3 of Al. Data of dry weight of roots and aerial parts, length of roots and plant height were obtained 21 days later. Also, the index of susceptibility to aluminum toxicity was calculated. The results showed significant correlation between all indicators with each other, except to those related to pH variability. Since root length susceptibility index (S Rcm was calculated taking into consideration the root

  1. ESTERIFICATION OF FATTY ACID FROM PALM OIL WASTE (SLUDGE OIL BY USING ALUM CATALYST

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thamrin Usman

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Esterification of fatty acids from palm oil waste (sludge oil as biodiesel liquid base has been done by using alum [Al2(SO43.14H2O] catalyst. Some reaction variables like reaction time, catalyst quantity, and molar ratio of sample-reactant was applied for optimal reaction. Yield of 94.66% was obtained at reaction condition 65 °C, 5 h, sample-reactant ratio 1:20, and catalyst quantity 3% (w/w. GC-MS analysis request showed that composition of methyl esters biodiesel are methyl caproic (0.67%, methyl lauric (0.21%, methyl miristic (1.96%, methyl palmitic (49.52%, methyl oleic (41.51%, and methyl stearic (6.13%. Physical properties of synthesized product (viscosity, refraction index and density are similar with those of commercial product.   Keywords: alum, biodiesel, esterification, sludge oil

  2. Method of recovering oil from alum shales. [heating by electric currents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wennerstrom, K G

    1918-06-04

    A method of treating alum shale and other bituminous shales in order to extract oil et cetera, is characterized by bringing the shale to a temperature at which it melts, and at which the necessary amount of heat is transferred to the molten shale to be distilled. The patent claim is characterized by heating the shale by means of electric current. The patent has one additional claim.

  3. Encurvadura lateral em vigas de alumínio

    OpenAIRE

    Ribeiro, Pedro Miguel Xavier Caroço Prata

    2013-01-01

    Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de Estruturas A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo do fenómeno de encurvadura lateral em vigas de alumínio com secção em I, simplesmente apoiadas e sujeitas a flexão pura (momento uniforme ao longo da viga). Em particular, estuda-se uma abordagem alternativa à do Eurocódigo 9 (EC9), que consiste em utilizar esbeltezas normalizadas que são função da carga crítica elastoplástica da viga. Para o efeito...

  4. The effects of the natural coagulant Moringa oleifera and alum in wastewater treatment at the Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohsen Dehghani

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Background: The refining process generates large volumes of wastewater containing a variety of chemical contaminants. The use of natural substitutes in treating wastewater which have fewer harmful effects is considered an effective step towards protecting the environment and sustaining the development of these industries. This study focused on the use of Moringa oleifera and alum at the Wastewater Unit at Bandar Abbas Refinery. Methods: This study was performed in 2014 in a laboratory using jar apparatus. These experiments were conducted in batch system and effective parameters including pH, coagulant dose and contact time were investigated on the wastewater obtained from Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery. Results: The jar test experiment showed that M. oleifera at 70 mg/L, optimum temperature, pH, and mixing speed could remove 38.60% of chemical oxygen demand (COD, 63.70% of turbidity, and 62.05% of total suspended solids (TSS. Also, alum at 40 mg/L removed COD, turbidity, and TSS by 51.72%, 92.16%, and 85.26% respectively from the refinery wastewater. Moreover, when M. oleifera and alum was used together with a 2:1 dosage ratio (alum at 80 mg/L and M. oleifera at 70 mg/L, they will remove COD, turbidity, and TSS by up to 50.41%, 86.14%, and 81.52% respectively. Conclusion: The use of M. oleifera as a natural coagulant is important in treating refinery wastewater not only from an environmental but also an economic point of view.

  5. How safe is 1% alum irrigation in controlling intractable vesical hemorrhage?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goswami, A K; Mahajan, R K; Nath, R; Sharma, S K

    1993-02-01

    A prospective study was done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of 1% alum solution in 12 cases of hematuria of vesical origin, uncontrolled by saline irrigation for 24 hours via a 3-way Foley catheter. There were 10 cases of transitional cell carcinoma and 2 of radiation cystitis. Complete response was noted in 6 patients and a partial response in 4. Local side effects included suprapubic pain and vesical tenesmus, which were controlled by antispasmodic and/or analgesic drugs. Transient low grade pyrexia (maximum up to 38.2C) was noted in 4 patients. Among the other various clinical and biochemical parameters, serum aluminum level and prothrombin time showed statistically highly significant changes. Serum aluminum increased from an average baseline value of 1.68 to 3.36 mumol./l. without clinical evidence of aluminum toxicity and with levels well below the recommended safe limit. Prothrombin time increased parallel with the increase in serum aluminum level to a maximum of 1 1/2 times the control. Prothrombin values, therefore, can be used clinically, since they are readily obtainable whereas serum aluminum levels are not. Vesical irrigation with 1% alum solution is a safe method to control hematuria of vesical origin in properly selected cases.

  6. Superiority of ferric chloride as coagulant over alum and ferrous sulphate at controlled pH and cost comparison of these coagulant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Irfan, M.

    2008-01-01

    This study was conducted by author as a member of Specialty Chemical Division of Sitara Chemical Industries which is the largest chlor -alkali manufacturing industry in Pakistan. Sitara is also producing FeCl/sub 3/ as a byproduct to consume its additional quantity of chlorine produced during electrolysis of brine solution for caustic soda preparation. Most of the industries are using Alum along with other polymers for treatment of effluent waste water. Treatment system is based on sand bed filters. For coagulation of unwanted materials present in the water, Alum is being used with Anionic Polymer (Accofloc-A2125) as flocculent. But the ferric chloride is not only functions as a reactants to remove water impurities but it also functions as a both coagulant and a Flocculent. This study was conducted for finding best alternative chemicals to improve treated water quality. For this purpose Ferric Chloride (FeCl/sub 3/) is used as best alternative of alum for better removal of turbidity, heavy metals and micro organisms to eradicate above said problems and for better removal of turbidity, heavy metals and micro, organisms to eradicate health problems. As per lab scale results quality of treated water with Ferric Chloride (FeCl/sub 3/) proved better than that of Alum. The main objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes for removing suspended solids, colour and COD which present in significant quantity. Three types of coagulants were examined using standard jar test apparatus, i.e., aluminum sulphate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl/sub 3/) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO/sub 4/). The effects of agitation speed, settling time, pH, coagulant dosages and temperature were examined. At 300 rpm of rapid mixing and 50 rpm of slow mixing and 60 minutes settling time, higher removals of suspended solids (over 95%), colour (90%) and COD (43%) were achieved at pH 4 and 12. FeCl/sub 3/ was found to be superior compared with other

  7. Extração e quantificação de alumínio trocável em Organossolos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ricardo da Rocha Campos

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de extração e quantificação de alumínio trocável em Organossolos. As amostras foram coletadas em três perfis de turfeira e, então, secas ao ar e passadas em peneira de malha de 2 mm. Foram feitas extrações com KCl 1 mol L-1 , Ca(OAc2 1 mol L-1 e CuCl2 0,5 mol L-1 . Em seguida, os extratos obtidos por KCl e Ca(OAc2 foram analisados por titulação com NaOH 0,025 mol L-1 e por espectrômetro de absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GF-AAE. Os extratos obtidos por CuCl2 foram analisados por GF-AAE. Na quantificação por GF-AAE, os extratores KCl e Ca(OAc2 tiveram capacidade semelhante de extrair alumínio trocável, enquanto o CuCl2 foi capaz de extrair também o Al reativo. Os elevados teores de alumínio trocável observados na titulação após extração com KCl podem estar relacionados aos elevados teores do íon H+ presente nas amostras. O método indicado para determinação do teor de alumínio trocável em Organossolos é a extração com KCl ou com Ca(OAc2 e, para quantificação, a espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite.

  8. Influence of solid dairy manure and compost with and without alum on survival of indicator bacteria in soil and on potato

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Entry, James A. [USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North, 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 (United States)]. E-mail: jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov; Leytem, April B. [USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North, 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 (United States); Verwey, Sheryl [USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North, 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 (United States)

    2005-11-15

    We measured Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in soil and on fresh potato skins after addition of solid dairy manure and dairy compost with and without alum (Al{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}) treatment 1, 7, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after application. The addition of dairy compost or solid dairy manure at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase E. coli and Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil sample after the first sampling day. Seven, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after solid dairy waste and compost and alum were applied to soil, alum did not consistently affect Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil, fresh potato skin or potato wash-water at 214 days after dairy manure or compost application regardless of alum treatment. Dairy compost or solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in bulk soil. Solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake, increased Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in potato rhizosphere soil. However, fresh potato skins had higher Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers when solid dairy manure was added to soil compared to compost, N and P inorganic fertilizer and N fertilizer treatments. We did not find any E. coli, Enterococcus or total coliform bacteria on the exterior of the tuber, within the peel or within a whole baked potato after microwave cooking for 5 min. - Solid dairy manure and dairy compost, with and without alum, had different effects.

  9. Influence of solid dairy manure and compost with and without alum on survival of indicator bacteria in soil and on potato

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Entry, James A.; Leytem, April B.; Verwey, Sheryl

    2005-01-01

    We measured Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in soil and on fresh potato skins after addition of solid dairy manure and dairy compost with and without alum (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) treatment 1, 7, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after application. The addition of dairy compost or solid dairy manure at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase E. coli and Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil sample after the first sampling day. Seven, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after solid dairy waste and compost and alum were applied to soil, alum did not consistently affect Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil, fresh potato skin or potato wash-water at 214 days after dairy manure or compost application regardless of alum treatment. Dairy compost or solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in bulk soil. Solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake, increased Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in potato rhizosphere soil. However, fresh potato skins had higher Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers when solid dairy manure was added to soil compared to compost, N and P inorganic fertilizer and N fertilizer treatments. We did not find any E. coli, Enterococcus or total coliform bacteria on the exterior of the tuber, within the peel or within a whole baked potato after microwave cooking for 5 min. - Solid dairy manure and dairy compost, with and without alum, had different effects

  10. "Estudo comaparativo das densidades radiográficas de diferentes filmes periapicais obtidas por meio da análise computadorizada em valores de alumínio-equivalente"

    OpenAIRE

    Felipe Paes Varoli

    2004-01-01

    RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi obter as densidades radiográficas de diferentes filmes periapicais por meio de um programa computadorizado que utiliza a imagem equivalente em alumínio (alumínio-equivalente). Avaliaram-se os filmes Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort”, Kodak InSight, Kodak Ektaspeed Plus, Kodak Ultra-speed e Kodak D. Todos foram expostos aos raios X juntamente com um escalímetro de Alumínio, variando-se o tempo de exposição (0,1 a 1 segundo). Após a leitura das densidades radiográfica...

  11. HANNES MEYER Y LA ESCUELA FEDERAL ADGB: LA SERIE COMO ESTRATEGIA FORMAL / HANNES MEYER AND THE ADGB TRADE UNION SCHOOL: SERIES AS A FORMAL STRATEGY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor Larripa Artieda

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Hannes Meyer fue uno de los arquitectos más comprometidos con las ideas del ala radical del racionalismo, que él mismo y otros grandes arquitectos, como Mart Stam, Hans Wittwer, Karel Teige, Ludwig Hilberseimer o Ernst May, desarrollaron durante la década de los años veinte. Su voluntad de desvincular la arquitectura del “high–art” burgués y de todo simbolismo propio del pasado, de producir construcciones de carácter objetivo y social, quedó patente en proyectos y obras firmadas por todos ellos: en el caso de Meyer, probablemente, la construcción que mejor expresa tales postulados y aquel nuevo modo de hacer arquitectura sea la Escuela Federal ADGB; construida en Bernau entre 1928 y 1930. El presente artículo estudia la citada obra, a la luz del ideario arquitectónico y social de arquitecto suizo, y trata de exponer la estrategia que se encuentra detrás de su formalización: la serie. En efecto, a partir de este mecanismo de proyecto, basado en la repetición o reproducción casi infinita de sistemas constructivos o de unidades del programa–o de ambas al mismo tiempo–aquellos arquitectos descubrieron un nuevo modo de generar la forma arquitectónica, moderno y muy poco explorado hasta entonces. Una vía donde valores como la horizontalidad, la ausencia de centro o jerarquía, la igualdad y la objetividad se erigían como el nuevo relato de la arquitectura. SUMMARY Hannes Meyer was one of the most committed architects to the ideas of the radical wing of rationalism, which he himself and other great architects, such as Mart Stam, Hans Wittwer, Karel Teige, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Ernst May, developed during the twenties. Their desire to unshackle architecture from bourgeois “high art” and from all symbolism from the past, to produce constructions of an objective and social nature, was made patent in the designs and works signed by all of them. With regard to Meyer, the construction which best expresses these

  12. Kolm geograafiat : Jared Diamondi "Collapse" ja Andrus Kiviräha "Mees, kes teadis ussisõnu" võrdlus / Hannes Palang

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Palang, Hannes, 1968-

    2007-01-01

    Tsivilisatsiooni, ühiskonna jätkusuutlikkuse ja keskkonna teemade võrdlus raamatutes: J. Diamondi "Collapse : How societies choose to fail or succeed" (Penguin Books, 2005) ja A. Kivirähki "Mees, kes teadis ussisõnu" (Eesti Kirjanduse Sihtasutus, 2007)

  13. Petrographic and geochemical composition of kerogen in the Furongian (U. Cambrian) Alum Shale, central Sweden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sanei, H.; Petersen, H. I.; Schovsbo, N. H.

    2014-01-01

    that organic-rich Alum Shale (TOC: 8.9-28.0. wt.%) contains mainly immature, predominantly algal-derived kerogen with unusually reduced hydrocarbon generation potential as suggested by relatively low Hydrogen Index (HI) values (HI: 251-471. mg HC/g TOC) and high degree of aromaticity. In the absence of thermal...

  14. Determinação rápida de alumínio em plantas Rapid determination of aluminum in plant material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Romano Gallo

    1962-01-01

    Full Text Available Um método rápido e sensível espectrofotométrico de determinação do sistema alumínio-hematoxilina pode ser usado para se conhecer o teor de alumínio em tecidos de plantas. Êste trabalho descreve o método analítico com modificações introduzidos, estuda as interferências e inclui sua adaptação para plantas. Depois do incineração do material orgânico, o alumínio é dosado usualmente numa alíquota do extrato de cinzas equivalente a 0,005 a 0,020 g de material sêco. A côr é obtida em condições controladas de pH com solução buffer de acetato e alcalinização com carbonato de amônio. No processo podem ser determinadas, rapidamente, pequenas quantidades de alumínio, sem interferência de outros elementos, nos concentrações que usualmente ocorrem nas plantas.A procedure is described for the spectrophotometric determination of aluminum in ash extracts of plant tissue using the organic dye hematoxylin, without removal of iron. It has been devised by modifying and incorporating previously published procedures for water and uranium materials. The proposed method provides a rapid determination of small amounts of aluminum up to 5 micrograms, with a recovery error smaller than ±5 per cent, as tested for several plant materials. Manganese, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, and chromium in quantities usually encountered in plant tissue do not interfere with the method.

  15. Alum as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bispyrazole Derivatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Ali Zolfigol

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Compounds with pyrazolemoieties as nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems have received attention owing to their diverse biological activities. Alum (KAl(SO42∙12H2O is an inexpensive, reusable and nontoxic catalyst used to synthesize 1H-pyrazole derivatives via the reaction of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H-one and carbonyl compound under solvent-free conditions at 60 °C. The proposed method has been used for the preparation of 1H-pyrazole derivatives to yield green products for cleaning-in-place and to avoid toxic catalysts and hazardous solvents in accordance with the philosophy of sustainable chemistry.

  16. Influência do alumínio no crescimento e na acumulação de nutrientes em mudas de goiabeira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. O. Salvador

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Durante 110 dias, realizou-se um experimento em solução nutritiva, para avaliar os efeitos do alumínio nas concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mg L-1, em pH 4,0, sobre o crescimento de mudas de goiabeira, absorção e acumulação de macronutrientes e de Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Al. Os sintomas visuais de fitotoxidez, associados às doses 20 e 25 mg L-1 de Al, foram caracterizados pela menor altura das plantas, ausência de ramificação, menor diâmetro do caule e raízes mais escuras; as folhas apresentaram dimensões menores e pecíolos avermelhados. Em doses relativamente baixas, o alumínio promoveu resposta positiva de crescimento, porém, em doses altas, os teores de macronutrientes e de Fe, Mn e Zn nas folhas de diagnose (3º e 4º pares a partir do ápice, bem como o conteúdo mineral nas diversas partes da planta, foram influenciados pelas doses de alumínio. A fitotoxidez afetou, mais acentuadamente, os teores de P, Ca, Mg, Mn e Zn. Cerca de 95% do Al absorvido concentrou-se nas raízes.

  17. Litter treatment with Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) produced an inconsistent reduction in horizontal transmission of Campylobacter in chickens

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campylobacteriosis is a significant health problem worldwide and poultry products are considered as one of the main vehicles of transmission. Alum treatment of poultry litter was reported to decrease Campylobacter colonization frequency and population in the ceca in broilers. Little is known about h...

  18. Refractory oxides containing aluminium and barium Oxidos refratários contendo alumínio e bário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. J. Davies

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available Oxides containing aluminium and barium, optionally with chromium, are refractory with several possible industrial uses. A gel precursor of an oxide having the formula BaO.n(Al2xCr2yO3, where 1Oxidos contendo alumínio e bário, opcionalmente com crômio, são refratários com vários possíveis usos industriais. Foi preparado um gel precursor de um óxido de formula BaO.n(Al2xCr2yO3, com 1alumínio ou uma solução de um sal de alumínio e um sal de cromo III, formando então um gel que é queimado para se obter o óxido desejado. Filamentos podem ser estraídos duramente a formação do gel ou extrudados de um gel semi-rígido. Estudos de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, difração de raios X e ressonância magnética nuclear com 27AL mostraram que o bário não é incorporado diretamente na estrutura do gel. Oxidos de alumínio e bário foram obtidos somente após liquefação de espécies de bário. Foi preparada uma mistura de pós adequada para queima para se obter um óxido de fórmula BaO.m[Al2x Cr2y O3] com 4,6alumínio e bário. É feito um sumário de trabalhos anteriormente publicados.

  19. Intralymphatic Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-Alum Administration Induced Th2-Like-Specific Immunomodulation in Responder Patients: A Pilot Clinical Trial in Type 1 Diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Tavira

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available GAD-alum given into lymph nodes to type 1 diabetes patients participating in an open-label pilot trial resulted in preservation of C-peptide similar to promising results from other trials. Here, we compared the immunomodulatory effect of giving GAD-alum directly into lymph nodes versus that induced by subcutaneous administration. Samples from T1D patients (n=6 who received 4 μg GAD-alum into lymph nodes (LNs, followed by two booster injections one month apart, and from patients (n=6 who received two subcutaneous injections (SC (20 μg given one month apart were compared. GADA, IA-2A, GADA subclasses, IgE, GAD65-induced cytokines, PBMC proliferation, and T cell markers were analyzed. Lower doses of GAD-alum into LN induced higher GADA levels than SC injections and reduced proliferation and IgG1 GADA subclass, while enhancing IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. The cytokine profile was dominated by the Th2-associated cytokine IL-13, and GAD65 stimulation induced activated CD4 T cells. Patients responding clinically best account for most of the immunological changes. In contrast, SC treatment resulted in predominant IgG1, predominant IFN-γ, higher proliferation, and activated CD4 and CD8 cells. Patients from the LN group with best metabolic outcome seemed to have common immune correlates related to the treatment. This trial is registered with DIAGNODE (NCT02352974, clinicaltrials.gov and DIABGAD (NCT01785108, clinicaltrials.gov.

  20. Níveis de alumínio e o desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos cítricos em cultivo hidropônico: I. Parâmetros biométricos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos Carlos Henrique dos

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de alumínio nos parâmetros biométricos dos porta-enxertos cítricos limoeiro Cravo e citrumeleiro Swingle em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação em Botucatu, SP. Os tratamentos seguiram o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Os níveis de alumínio utilizados foram: 0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30 mg L-1, na forma de AlCl3 6.H2O em solução nutritiva. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos altura, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento e volume de raízes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o citrumeleiro Swingle apresentou-se mais sensível ao alumínio, sendo que, a partir de 7,5 mg L-1 houve redução nos valores destes parâmetros, enquanto que o limoeiro Cravo mostrou-se mais tolerante aos níveis de alumínio.

  1. Tecnology for the Management of Alum of Chromium (III) and Potasium as Ceramic Pigment

    OpenAIRE

    Idalberto Clemente Morales-Rodríguez; Katia Rivas-Fernández; Wilson Moro-Muñoz; Alfredo Calzadilla-Liens; Alyn Ferro-Nieto

    2017-01-01

    The lazy and expired reagents are among the dangerous waste generated in Cuba, some of which contain heavy metals. These substances accumulate without a final disposition, neither appropriate use, with the purpose of not contaminating the environment. In such a sense, the authors propose an alternative use for alum of chromium (III) and potassium, when transforming it into oxide by precipitation with alkalis to apply it as ceramic pigment. The present paper shows the use tests and the determi...

  2. The Architect as Producer: Hannes Meyer and the Proletarianisation of the Western Architect

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amir Djalali

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available With the foundation of the Bauhaus, Walter Gropius advocated an end to the division between arts and crafts. Contrary to the idea of architecture as art, the programme of the school aimed to assimilate architecture with industry in order to satisfy collective social needs. Yet, despite this programmatic declaration, such a project was realised only after Gropius’ departure from the Bauhaus, under the controversial directorship (1927–1930 of the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer. Meyer achieved unprecedented success both in terms of academic production and financial performance. Yet his realisations were paralleled by the leftist radicalisation of the school’s politics: Meyer transformed the workshops into factory production units and the students into industrial workers. Eventually, the politicisation of the school cost Meyer his office and a negative reputation in historical records that still holds today. This article posits that Meyer achieved his success at the Bauhaus not despite his radical allegiance, but precisely because of it. The realism of Meyer’s strategy is evaluated through his capacity to anticipate many developments in the organisation of architectural production. In particular, his critique of intellectual labour in architecture is confronted with the contemporary proletarisation of architects in the Western world.

  3. The giant Alum Shale polymetallic deposits of Jämtland, Sweden – A major potential low cost supplier of uranium for the future

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Beeson, R.; Goodall, W.

    2014-01-01

    Jämtland County in Sweden contains approximately 11% of global uranium resources which are compliant with either the Toronto or Australian Stock Exchange codes. A widespread unit through northern Europe, the Alum Shale host rock has been a historic source of alum, oil and uranium. Exploration for uranium in the 1970s located several tens of square kilometres with the development of relatively thick Alum Shale in Jämtland. The Alum Shale in Jämtland is a fine-grained, carbonaceous schist. The groundmass comprises quartz, feldspar, white micas and carbon. The uranium, molybdenum and vanadium have been shown to be concentrated in the organic/mica matrix. Nickel and zinc are preferentially concentrated within the pyrite grains. Total mineral resources in the district are approximately 5 billion tonnes, at a grade of approximately 136 ppm U (160 ppm U_3O_8). Aura Energy Ltd, one of the holders of permits in the district, has 2.35 BT @ 131 ppm U (155 ppm U_3O_8). The average grades of other metals present in the resource are: molybdenum 207ppm, vanadium 1,519ppm, nickel 316ppm, and zinc 431ppm. These polymetallic resources are exceptionally large, and Aura’s uranium resource constitutes the second largest undeveloped resource anywhere in the world. Black schists are typically considered to be challenging metallurgically. Hence the Alum Shale has been previously considered a potential high cost source of uranium. The primary issue has been the high cost associated with acid reagent to extract the uranium. Recently the pyrite has been recognised as a possible source of acid within the ore itself. Bacterial leaching to catalyse the oxidation of pyrite was demonstrated to be the most effective process for generating this acid. The Jämtland Alum Shales appear ideally suited to bioleaching because of the level of pyrite present, and the lower proportion of acid consuming minerals such as carbonates. Aura Energy has established leach extractions of up to 85% of the

  4. EVALUATION OF FERRIC CHLORIDE AND ALUM EFFICIENCIES IN ENHANCED COAGULATION FOR TOC REMOVAL AND RELATED RESIDUAL METAL CONCENTRATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Mesdaghinia, M. T. Rafiee, F. Vaezi and A. H. Mahvi

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available Although the removal of colloidal particles continues to be an important reason for using coagulation, a newer objective, the removal of natural organic matter (NOM to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs, is growing in importance. Enhanced coagulation is thus introduced to most water utilities treating surface water. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to compare the effectiveness of alum and ferric chloride in removing DBPs precursors from eight synthetic water samples, each representing a different element of the USEPA’s 3×3 enhanced coagulation matrix. The effect of enhanced coagulation on the residual metal (aluminum/iron concentration in the treated water was assessed as well. The removal of total organic carbon (TOC was dependent on the coagulant type and was enhanced with increasing coagulant dose, but the latter had no further considerable effect in case of increasing to high levels. For all the treated samples coagulation with ferric chloride proved to be more effective than alum at similar doses and the mean values of treatment efficiencies were 51% and 32% for ferric chloride and alum, respectively. Ferric chloride was therefore considered the better chemical for enhancing the coagulation process. Besides, due to less production of sludge by this coagulant, it would be predicted that treatment plants would be confronted to fewer problems with respect to final sludge disposal. Measurements of residual metal in treated water indicated that iron and aluminum concentrations had been increased as expected but the quality of water concerning the residual metal deteriorated much more in cases of under-dosing. Despite expecting high residual Al and Fe concentrations under enhanced coagulation, metal concentrations were frequently remained low and were not increased appreciably.

  5. Inactivated HSV-2 in MPL/alum adjuvant provides nearly complete protection against genital infection and shedding following long term challenge and rechallenge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morello, Christopher S; Kraynyak, Kimberly A; Levinson, Michael S; Chen, Zhijiang; Lee, Kuo-Fen; Spector, Deborah H

    2012-10-12

    Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection can result in life-long recurrent genital disease, asymptomatic virus shedding, and transmission. No vaccine to date has shown significant protection clinically. Here, we used a mouse model of genital HSV-2 infection to test the efficacy of a vaccine consisting of whole, formalin-inactivated HSV-2 (FI-HSV2) formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and alum adjuvants. Vaccine components were administered alone or as a prime-boost immunization together with DNA vaccines encoding a truncated glycoprotein D2 (gD2t) and two conserved HSV-2 genes necessary for virus replication, UL5 (DNA helicase) and UL30 (DNA polymerase). Our results show: (1) compared with mock immunized controls, mice immunized with FI-HSV2 plus MPL/alum consistently showed protection against disease burden and total viral shedding while the mice immunized with gD2t protein with MPL/alum did not; (2) protection against genital disease and viral replication correlated with the type of boost in a prime-boost immunization with little advantage afforded by a DNA prime; (3) intramuscular (i.m.) immunization with FI-HSV2 in MPL/Alhydrogel adjuvant provided nearly complete protection against vaginal HSV-2 shedding after a lethal intravaginal (i.vag.) short-term challenge and long-term rechallenge; (4) single formulation immunization with DNA vaccines, FI-HSV2, and MPL in an aluminum phosphate (Adju-Phos) adjuvant did not increase protection relative to FI-HSV2/MPL/Adju-Phos alone; and (5) addition of MPL/alum to the FI-HSV2 was required for optimal protection against disease, viral replication, and latent virus load in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Most notably, an optimized vaccine formulation of FI-HSV2 MPL/Alhydrogel given i.m. completely protected against detectable vaginal HSV-2 shedding in the majority of animals and HSV-2 latent DNA in the DRG of all animals. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Alumínio e a absorção de cálcio por mudas de pimenta do reino Aluminum and calcium absorption by black pepper seedlings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alberto Costa Veloso

    2000-03-01

    Full Text Available Um experimento com solução nutritiva foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos da nutrição de cálcio na toxicidade de alumínio em mudas de pimenta do reino. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de três concentrações de cálcio (10; 40 e 160 mg L-1 adicionados como CaCl2 em combinação com três concentrações de alumínio (0; 10 e 20 mg L-1 adicionados como AlCl3.6H2O. A solução nutritiva continha as seguintes concentrações dos íons expressos em mg L-1: N-NO3 (80,5; N-NH4 (10,5; P(1,5; K(39,0; Mg(24,0; S-SO4(32,0; B(0,5; Cu(0,06; Fe(5,0; Mn(1,0; Mo(0,03 e Zn(0,10. Os tratamentos com alumínio retardaram o crescimento das mudas de pimenta do reino, induziram sintomas de toxicidade de alumínio na parte aérea e principalmente aumentaram o diâmetro das raízes. O acúmulo de cálcio aumentou com o incremento da concentração de cálcio na solução na ausência de alumínio, nas raízes o conteúdo de cálcio foi diminuído com o aumento da concentração de alumínio na solução. A absorção de alumínio diminuiu com o aumento da concentração de cálcio na solução.A nutrient solution experiment with was carried out in a greenhouse with the objective of verifying the specific effects of calcium and aluminum toxicity on black pepper seedlings. The treatments were set up in three concentrations of calcium (10; 40 and 160 mg L-1 added as CaCl2 in combination with three concentrations of aluminum (0; 10 and 20 mg L-1 added as AlCl3. 6 H2O. The nutrient solution contained the following ion concentrations in mg L-1: N-NO3 (80,5; N-NH4 (10,5; P(1,5; K(39,0; Mg(24,0; S-SO4(32,0; B(0,5; Cu(0,06; Fe(5,0; Mn(1,0; Mo(0,03 and Zn(0,10. The treatments with aluminum reduced black pepper growth and the diameter of roots increased. Calcium absorption increased with the increase of calcium concentration in the solution, in the absence of aluminum. Calcium absorption by roots decreased with the increase of the

  7. The "Prince of Medicine": Yūhannā ibn Māsawayh and the foundations of the western pharmaceutical tradition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Vos, Paula

    2013-12-01

    This essay examines three medieval pharmaceutical treatises purportedly authored by Yūhannā ibn Māsawayh (anglicized to John Mesue) and traces their immense influence on the development of pharmacy in early modem Europe and the Hispanic world. Despite the importance of these works throughout the early modern period, Mesue is relatively unknown in the history of pharmacy and medicine, and his exact identity remains unclear. This essay argues that "Mesue" was most likely a pseudonym used by an unknown author of the Latin West and that the three works were crafted to meet the demands of the developing "medical marketplace" of late thirteenth-century Europe, where the manuscripts first appeared. At the same time, however, as the Arabic reference of the pseudonym suggests, these treatises were clearly products of the medieval Islamic world, including many innovations that would provide the basis for the theory and practice of pharmacy for centuries and arguably formed part of the artisanal epistemological influence on the Scientific Revolution.

  8. Enraizamento de estacas de genótipos de Camellia sinensis L. em meio ácido, presença de alumínio e ácido indolbutírico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.D. LIMA

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito do meio ácido e do alumínio, assim como para determinar a concentração mais apropriada de ácido indolbutírico (AIB para o enraizamento de estacas de diferentes genótipos de Camellia sinensis L (planta de chá. Para tal, foram coletados ramos de plantas-matrizes em Pariquera-Açu-SP, Brasil, no inverno de 2012 e preparadas estacas semi-lenhosas, contendo uma gema e uma folha, que foram mantidas em viveiro com 70% de sombreamento. A irrigação do substrato foi feita com água e soluções contendo ácido fosfórico e sulfato de alumínio a pH 5,5, 4,5; 3,5. No primeiro experimento, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 7, três genótipos (F 15, IAC 259 e Comum e sete condições diferentes de enraizamento (vermiculita a pH 6,5, vermiculita acidificada com ácido fosfórico a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 ou vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5. No segundo experimento, o tratamento que promoveu o maior enraizamento no primeiro experimento (vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5 foi combinado ao tratamento com AIB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, sendo três genótipos e seis concentrações de AIB (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 e 1000 mg L-1. A vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5, combinada a aplicação de 10000 mg L-1 de AIB por 30 segundos, foi o tratamento mais adequado para o enraizamento de estacas semi-lenhosas dos genótipos F15, IAC 259 e Comum.

  9. Seleção de genótipos de Brachiaria Ruziziensis quanto ao alumínio em solução nutritiva: II: Avaliação da tolerância ao alumínio Brachiaria Ruziziensis genotypes selection: II: Evaluation of the aluminum tolerance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Sérgio Balbino Miguel

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available O alumínio, em solos ácidos, é um dos principais responsáveis pela baixa produtividade de culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética da Brachiaria ruziziensis para a tolerância ao alumínio. Foram utilizados 10 genótipos da espécie referida, crescidas em vasos com 0, 30 e 60 mg/L de alumínio em solução nutritiva. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com seis repetições e parcelas de uma planta por vaso. Foram avaliados: a produção de massa verde da parte aérea e raízes (MVPA e MVR, a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes (MSPA e MSR, o incremento no crescimento da parte aérea e das raízes (IPA e IR, expresso pela diferença entre o crescimento final e o inicial, e o incremento no número de perfilhos (INP. O aumento nas concentrações de alumínio provocou decréscimos para as médias de todas as características avaliadas, excetuando o IR. A ausência de diferenças do genótipo 8 para seis das sete características analisadas, com exceção da MVPA, demonstra ser ela a mais promissora para estudos posteriores em melhoramento, visando maior produtividade em solos ácidos. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de variabilidade genética entre os genótipos avaliados para a tolerância ao alumínio tóxico, sendo possível identificar materiais mais produtivos na presença desse metal.In acid soils, the aluminum is responsible for the low cultures productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the Brachiaria ruziziensis genetic variability for the aluminum tolerance.10 genotypes of that species were used, grown in vases with 0, 30 and 60 mg/L of aluminum in nutritious solution. A completely randomized design under 10 x 3 factorial, with six replicates. The following variables were evaluated: the green mass production of the aerial part and roots (MVPA and MVR, the dry matter production of the aerial part and roots (MSPA and MSR

  10. Sedimentology of SPICE (Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion): A high-resolution trace fossil and microfabric analysis of the middle to late Cambrian Alum Shale Formation, southern Sweden

    Science.gov (United States)

    Egenhoff, Sven; Fishman, Neil; Ahlberg, Per; Maletz, Jorg; Jackson, Allison; Kolte, Ketki; Lowers, Heather; Mackie, James; Newby, Warren; Petrowsky, Matthew

    2015-01-01

    The Cambrian Alum Shale Formation in the Andrarum-3 core from Scania, southern Sweden, consists of black siliciclastic mudstone with minor carbonate intercalations. Four facies comprise three siliciclastic mudstones and one fine-grained carbonate. The facies reflect deposition along a transect from deep ramp to basin on a Cambrian shelf. The three mudstone facies contain abundant clay clasts and laterally variable siltstone laminae. Bed-load transport processes seem to have dominated deposition on this deep shelf. These sedimentary rocks record mainly event deposition, and only relatively few, thin laminae probably resulted from suspension settling. The Alum Shale Formation deep shelf did not show a bioturbation gradient, but fecal strings are common and Planolites burrows are rare in all mudstone facies. Evidence for biotic colonization indicates that this mudstone environment was not persistently anoxic, but rather was most likely intermittently dysoxic. The Alum Shale Formation in the Andrarum-3 core shows an overall decrease of grain size, preserved energy indicators, and carbonate content upsection interpreted to reflect a deepening upward. The succession can also be divided into four small-scale fining-upward cycles that represent deepening, and four overlying coarsening-upward cycles that represent upward shallowing.

  11. RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI KOMUNITAS DONOR DARAH BERBASIS WEB DAN ANDROID YANG DILENGKAPI LAYANAN INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kadek Yogi Saputra

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Kebutuhan darah di PMI (Palang Merah Indonesia wilayah Denpasar terus meningkat. Kesulitan untuk mendapatkan pendonor darah guna mengganti darah pada PMI (Palang Merah Indonesia menyebabkan terbatasnya stok darah pada PMI (Palang Merah Indonesia. Aplikasi komunitas donor darah berbasis web dan Android digunakan untuk berbagi informasi yang bersangkutan dengan donor darah. Dalam Aplikasi ini memanfaatkan beberapa fitur yang dapat memudahkan pengguna untuk mencari informasi donor darah, seperti fitur layanan informasi geografis dengan memanfaatkan Google Maps API sebagai media peta dan fitur pemberitahuan pada aplikasi berbasis Android. Hasil dari pengujian Black-Box menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fungsi yang ditampilkan dalam sistem sudah berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan, untuk pengujian aplikasi menggunakan metode usability testing dengan penyebaran kuisioner kepada 20 responden mendapatkan hasil bahwa tampilan aplikasi sudah bagus dan mudah untuk digunakan. Hasil akhir dari aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa pengguna dapat mengetahui lokasi Rumah Sakit dan lokasi kegiatan donor darah. Selain itu pengguna juga dapat mengetahui adanya kebutuhan darah dan kegiatan donor darah dengan cepat melalui fitur pemberitahuan pada aplikasi berbasis android.

  12. Determinação da dissolução de alumínio durante cozimento de alimentos em panelas de alumínio Determining aluminum dissolution when cooking food in aluminium cans

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    Sílvia Tondella Dantas

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Embora os estudos mais recentes não confirmem a correlação entre a presença do alumínio no organismo humano e o Mal de Alzheimer, com freqüência esse assunto é trazido à tona. O presente trabalho foi realizado de forma a avaliar a ocorrência de migração significativa de alumínio proveniente de utensílios domésticos, durante o preparo de alimentos. Foram estudados sete tipos de alimentos com preparos diferenciados e três tipos de panela (caçarola, de pressão e frigideira, nas versões sem e com revestimento (Teflon. A análise do metal foi realizada em espectrômetro de emissão atômica com plasma indutivamente acoplado. Os resultados demonstraram transferência desprezível do Al para alguns alimentos, sendo que a maior transferência ocorreu no preparo de molho de tomate (baixo valor de pH, na panela sem revestimento. Um cardápio preparado com todos esses alimentos para as duas refeições diárias, mostrou que a massa de Al incorporada pelo alimento corresponde a 2% do limite de ingestão diária de Al (1 mg.kg -1 de peso corporal/dia, considerando-se um indivíduo de 60 kg. Assim, conclui-se que o uso de panelas de alumínio no preparo de alimentos praticamente não interfere na ingestão total do elemento para o ser humano.Aluminum is associated with neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer by some authors. Although this has never been confirmed, there is evidence of an accumulation in kidneys of people with renal problems. This present work was carried out to address this subject by evaluating the occurrence of significant aluminum migration from cooking utensils during food preparation. Eight types of food cooked in different ways and three distinct types of pans (a saucepan, pressure cooker and frying pan, with and without teflon coating, were evaluated. The metal analysis was conducted in an Optical Emission Spectrometer with Inductively Coupled Plasma. The results showed insignificant transference of aluminum in some

  13. Assessing the application and downstream effects of pulsed mode ultrasound as a pre-treatment for alum coagulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Juboori, Raed A; Aravinthan, Vasantha; Yusaf, Talal; Bowtell, Leslie

    2016-07-01

    The application of pulsed mode ultrasound (PMU) as a pre-treatment for alum coagulation was investigated at various alum dosages and pH levels. The effects of the treatments on turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and residual Al were evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the operating conditions of the applied treatments. The results showed that PMU pre-treatment increased turbidity and DOC removal percentages from maximum of 96.6% and 43% to 98.8% and 52%, respectively. It also helped decrease the minimum residual Al from 0.100 to 0.094 ppm. The multiple response optimization was carried out using the desirability function. A desirability value of >0.97 estimated respective turbidity removal, DOC removal and Al residual of 89.24%, 45.66% and ∼ 0.1 ppm for coagulation (control) and 90.61%, >55% and ∼ 0 for coagulation preceded by PMU. These figures were validated via confirmatory experiments. PMU pre-treatment increased total coliform removal from 80% to >98% and decreased trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) from 250 to 200 ppb CH3Cl. Additionally, PMU application prior to coagulation improved the settleability of sludge due to the degassing effects. The results of this study confirms that PMU pre-treatment can significantly improve coagulation performance. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Visão comparativa das estratégias climáticas adotadas por multinacionais do setor de alumínio no Canadá e no Brasil

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    Larissa Teixeira da Cunha

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available ResumoO trabalho avalia as estratégias climáticas adotadas por multinacionais do setor de alumínio. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa e toma por base entrevistas com gerentes de duas Multinacionais, uma delas instalada no Brasil e a outra no Canadá. As evidências empíricas demonstram que a multinacional do setor de alumínio que opera no Canadá enfatiza a redução de custos e a melhoria da eficiência operacional com projetos para reduzir emissões de gases do efeito estufa. A multinacional que opera no Brasil destaca, prioritariamente, o relacionamento com os stakeholders e a preocupação com a imagem corporativa para a adoção de uma estratégia de adaptação ou compensação das emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Em nenhum dos dois casos estudados, as pressões coercitivas, advindas de exigências regulatórias, figuram como fatores determinantes para a adoção de estratégias climáticas. O estudo conclui que, no caso da indústria de alumínio, características organizacionais são mais relevantes que as pressões institucionais na definição de estratégias climáticas.

  15. Thermal dehydration of potash alum studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kishimura, Hiroaki, E-mail: kisimura@nda.ac.jp; Imasu, Yuhta; Matsumoto, Hitoshi

    2015-01-15

    The thermal dehydrations of potash alum caused by heating at various temperatures for at least 2 h were investigated by ex situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses in air. With increasing the heating temperature, all Raman peaks were observed to broaden, while an additional broad peak appeared at approximately 1030 cm{sup −1} and shifted toward higher wavenumbers. In addition, the Raman band assigned to the O–H stretching mode weakened. The orientational disorder (OD) of the sulfate ions, as indicated by the intensity ratio of doublet peaks at 989 and 974 cm{sup −1}, was found to increase with increasing the heating temperature. The XRD patterns demonstrated that a structural phase transition from crystalline KAl(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}⋅12H{sub 2}O to amorphous phases began at around 75 °C, while broadening of the Raman peaks and an increase in OD also suggested the onset of an amorphous phase. Raman peaks corresponding to anhydrous KAl(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} appeared at approximately 180 °C. It was concluded that the elimination of water molecules was responsible for increase in the extent of OD, and this in turn induced the observed phase transitions. The formation of the amorphous phases observed in this work was similar to the pressure-induced amorphization of KAl(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}⋅12H{sub 2}O. - Highlights: • The thermal dehydration of potash alum proceeds through several steps. • Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction reveal the amorphization of the heated samples. • A transition from the amorphous phase to the KAl(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} crystal phase is observed in the sample heated at 180 °C.

  16. The protein DIIIC-2, aggregated with a specific oligodeoxynucleotide and adjuvanted in alum, protects mice and monkeys against DENV-2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gil, Lázaro; Marcos, Ernesto; Izquierdo, Alienys; Lazo, Laura; Valdés, Iris; Ambala, Peris; Ochola, Lucy; Hitler, Rikoi; Suzarte, Edith; Álvarez, Mayling; Kimiti, Prisilla; Ndung'u, James; Kariuki, Thomas; Guzmán, María Guadalupe; Guillén, Gerardo; Hermida, Lisset

    2015-01-01

    Previously, we reported the ability of the chimeric protein DIIIC-2 (domain III of the dengue envelope protein fused to the capsid protein of dengue-2 virus), to induce immunity and protection in mice, when it is highly aggregated with a non-defined oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and adjuvanted in alum. In this work, three different defined ODNs were studied as aggregating agents. Our results suggest that the nature of the ODN influences the capacity of protein DIIIC-2 to activate cell-mediated immunity in mice. Consequently, the ODN 39M was selected to perform further experiments in mice and nonhuman primates. Mice receiving the preparation 39M-DIIIC-2 were solidly protected against dengue virus (DENV) challenge. Moreover, monkeys immunized with the same preparation developed neutralizing antibodies, as measured by four different neutralization tests varying the virus strains and the cell lines used. Two of the immunized monkeys were completely protected against challenge, whereas the third animal had a single day of low-titer viremia. This is the first work describing the induction of short-term protection in monkeys by a formulation that is suitable for human use combining a recombinant protein from DENV with alum.

  17. Diffusion-controlled cementation experiments in porous rock analogues using potash alum and halite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hufe, A.; Hilgers, C. [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Inst. of Reservoir-Petrology; Stanjek, H. [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Inst. of Interface and Clay Mineralogy

    2013-08-01

    A good understanding of cementation is critical for reservoir quality predictions. However, studies of core material have shown that cementation may be driven by variations in pore size of the host rock. To better understand the underlying process, we developed a transparent microreactor for diffusion-controlled cementation experiments under the microscope. We studied the effect of different pore sizes and surface charges of solid material at different pH, using rock analogs. High-resolution videos allowed to analyze the nucleation from solution, pore cementation and growth rates of cements. Diffusion - considered the major mass transport during burial diagenesis - was driven along a temperature gradient across the microreactor. Pores were cemented with salt, which is well known to form pore-size dependent seals in silicilastic reservoirs. While halite precipitated primarily in pores bigger than 200 {mu}m, alum nucleated in smaller pores. The growth rate of alum (10{sup -5} mm/s) was one order of magnitude higher than that of halite. However, the dissolution rates of both minerals was similar at about 10{sup -6} mm/s. Authigenic euhdral halite migrated against the bulk diffusion transport and towards the higher-temperature reservoir. Halite growth rates increased by one order of magnitude to 1.8 x 10{sup -5} mm/s, if the phase boundary was vapor-liquid. A comparison nucleation in a 2-phase porous rock analog showed no difference in cementation pattern at a pH 7. However, at a pH of 10.5 the surface energies of the two different solids are altered, and porosity was reduced 60% more by cements in the phase-1 porous layers. Our experiments showed that pore size dependent nucleation and cementation is a process, which may also take place in complex reservoirs. With the successful pore clogging of halite we can now bring our experimental setup to reservoir conditions and establish the processes at elevated p-T conditions. (orig.)

  18. Tolerância ao alumínio em cultivares de aveia branca sob cultivo hidropônico Tolerance to the aluminum in oat cultivars under hydroponic culture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O emprego do cultivo hidropônico para avaliar a tolerância à toxicidade pelo alumínio em genótipos de aveia pode ser feito por meio da medida da retomada do crescimento de raiz. Avaliaram-se 12 cultivares de aveia branca indicadas para o cultivo no Sul do Brasil com o intuito de caracterizar a tolerância ao alumínio, de maneira a ser estrategicamente recomendadas e/ou incluídas em blocos de cruzamento na obtenção de constituições genéticas de elevado potencial produtivo e tolerante ao íon metálico. Foram utilizadas doses de 10, 15 e 20 mg L-1 de alumínio na solução hidropônica e o delineamento experimental adotado foi o completamente casualizado, com três repetições, seguindo o esquema fatorial (12 x 3. As doses empregadas são altamente eficientes na identificação de genótipos de aveia tolerantes e sensíveis ao alumínio tóxico. As cultivares UPF 16, URS 21, UFRGS 14, UPF 19 e UFRGS 17 expressam tolerância.The use of hidroponic culture to evaluate tolerance to aluminum toxicity in oat genotypes can be performed by measuring root regrowth, allowing phenotypically to discriminate tolerant genetic constitutions sensitivity. Twelve white oat cultivars indicated for cultivation in Southern Brazil were evaluated aiming at to characterize their aluminum tolerance, in order to use them as parents in crosses or to recommend them for in cultivation regions. Aluminum concentration of 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1 were used in the hydroponic solution arranged in complete randomized blocks with three replications in 12 x 3 factorial designs. Concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1 were highly efficient for the identification of tolerant and sensitive oat genotypes. Cultivars UPF 16, URS 21, UFRGS 14, UPF 19 and UFRGS 17 showed aluminum.

  19. Om veltalenhed på folkesproget

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Høgel, Christian

    2008-01-01

    Oversættelse (i samarbejde med Hanne Roer) af og kommentarer til (ved Hanne Roer) Dantes De vulgari eloquentia (Om veltalenhed på folkesproget) samt (ved Hanne Roer) oversættelse og kommentar til Dantes 13. brev til Cangrande della Scala......Oversættelse (i samarbejde med Hanne Roer) af og kommentarer til (ved Hanne Roer) Dantes De vulgari eloquentia (Om veltalenhed på folkesproget) samt (ved Hanne Roer) oversættelse og kommentar til Dantes 13. brev til Cangrande della Scala...

  20. The Past and the Present in the Early Novels of Hanns-Josef Ortheil

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    Ernestine Schlant

    1994-06-01

    Full Text Available Hanns-Josef Ortheil's early novels Fermer , 1979 and Hecke , 1983 have male protagonists who search for self-identity in the West Germany of the 1980s. In the process, they discover that they are profoundly influenced by the lives and experiences of their parents, particularly as these lives were shaped during and by the Hitler regime. In Fermer , the 19-year old protagonist rebels against this society by going AWOL. Yet in his geographical flight and intellectual analyses he realizes his deep emotional bonds with the expectations and behavior of the parent generation. Recognition of these bonds is only the first step on a Iong and painful road toward personally independent and politically responsible adulthood. An exploration of the key concepts of order and Geborgenheit (being protected reveals the deep-seated ambiguities in the postwar mentality of the parent generation as it is trying to instill these sentiments in their successors. The 30-year old protagonist of Hecke pieces together his mother's traumatized life during and after the Hitler regime in order to understand her emotionally stultifying hold on him. He comes to understand the manipulative power of her suffering and realizes that he must shed the burden of her displaced needs if he hopes to attain a conscious, mature self-identity. The use and the manipulation of language and its silences are the prime target of the narrator's efforts to penetrate the "protective hedges" of untold stories. Both novels conclude with the protagonists' intellectual insights into their psychological and socially conditioned make-up, but they do not—yet—carry these insights into action.

  1. Avaliação da resistência à corrosão da liga de alumínio 6101 após diferentes tratamentos térmicos de precipitação

    OpenAIRE

    Abreu, F.; Sabariz, A.; Quadro, A.; Bueno, A.

    2012-01-01

    Atualmente, as ligas de alumínio da série 6xxx vêm ocupando um espaço importante na produção global das ligas de alumínio. A utilização em larga escala dessa classe de ligas é consequência da melhoria de suas propriedades mecânicas quando submetidas a tratamentos térmicos. No entanto, a realização de tratamentos térmicos de solubilização e a precipitação de fases metaestáveis durante o envelhecimento podem prejudicar consideravelmente a resistência à corrosão dessa classe de ligas. O presente...

  2. Tecnology for the Management of Alum of Chromium (III and Potasium as Ceramic Pigment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Idalberto Clemente Morales-Rodríguez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The lazy and expired reagents are among the dangerous waste generated in Cuba, some of which contain heavy metals. These substances accumulate without a final disposition, neither appropriate use, with the purpose of not contaminating the environment. In such a sense, the authors propose an alternative use for alum of chromium (III and potassium, when transforming it into oxide by precipitation with alkalis to apply it as ceramic pigment. The present paper shows the use tests and the determination of purity by oxidation-reduction titration; giving it a final disposition without any environmental risk and with the additional creation of economic values starting from immobilized resources, bringing about the substitution of import pigments, which are quite expensive.

  3. Efeito dos parâmetros de processo na obtenção e na microestrutura de juntas alumínio-aço realizadas mediante soldagem por atrito com pino não consumível (SAPNC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edwar Andrés Torres López

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Os resultados bem-sucedidos apresentados na literatura acerca da soldagem por atrito com pino não consumível das juntas alumínio-aço, desconsideram o aspecto e formação de defeitos na junta como pontos de referência para sua avaliação. Igualmente aumenta a controvérsia acerca da presença de compostos intermetálicos do tipo Fe xAl y, somado à falta de informação sobre sua origem. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar parâmetros adequados para a obtenção de juntas alumínio-aço livres de defeitos e sua relação com a formação de fases deletérias durante a soldagem por atrito com pino. Foram obtidas juntas soldadas consolidadas e foi determinada a microestrutura resultante destas juntas soldadas da liga de alumínio 6063-T5 e aço AISI SAE 1020. Utilizou-se uma ferramenta de carbeto de tungstênio (WC-14Co a velocidades de rotação e de avanço de 300 rpm e 150 mm.min-1, respectivamente. Foram empregados deslocamentos da ferramenta de +0,5; +1,0 e +1,5 mm. Os resultados realçam a importância do aporte energético na obtenção de juntas alumínio-aço com aspecto superficial e penetração adequados. A análise microestrutural revela a formação de sete regiões na junta soldada, destacando a zona termo-mecanicamente afetada no lado do aço, uma banda de grãos ultra finos de ferrita e a ausência de compostos intermetálicos na interface alumínio-aço.

  4. A inserção do Brasil no mercado mundial de alumínio: incorporando contribuições da Ecologia Política para a Saúde Coletiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alen Batista Henriques

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo discute a inserção do Brasil no mercado mundial de alumínio a partir dos referenciais teóricos da ecologia política, da economia política do território e da saúde coletiva. A conjuntura contemporânea da economia mundial tem sido pautada pela desregulamentação e liberalização, característicos do ideário neoliberal propalado pelas nações centrais. A maior participação do Brasil nesse mercado tem sido realizada a partir do aumento da produção e exportação de commodities agrárias e metálicas, como o alumínio. Nesse sentido, a partir dos paradigmas da ecologia política, o texto propõe uma análise das consequências socioambientais, assim como sobre novas territorialidades que se produzem e reproduzem dentro de uma lógica econômica que privilegia as nações centrais. Do mesmo modo, procura-se compreender os dilemas da saúde coletiva sob uma perspectiva holística e integradora na qual se articula aos modelos de desenvolvimento econômico. Percebe-se que a produção e exportação de alumínio primário, apesar de apresentar um valor agregado maior, esconde um conjunto difuso de impactos que afetam o ambiente e a saúde coletiva.

  5. Petrology of metabasites in the south of Arousan, northeastern Isfahan province

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fereshteh Bayat

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Metagabbro, metadiabase and metabasalt of the Chah Palang and Me'raji mountains associated with Lower Paleozoic metamorphites are situated in the south of Arousan. Metabasites of these areas are relatively similar in terms of mineralogy and geochemical characteristics. Rock-forming minerals of the Me'raji metabasites are feldspar, amphibole, biotite, sphene, epidote, chlorite ± calcite. Metagabbro and metadiabase of the Chah Palang area are similar to the Me'raji metabasites in mineralogy and geochemistry. Volcanic rocks are overlain by metagabbros and consist of plagioclase, biotite, sphene, sanidine, chlorite, epidote and iron oxides. The rigid dykes, which are found in the volcanic units are associated with metagabbros and mineralogically are similar to the metavolcanics. Amphibolitic dykes are composed of amphibole, plagioclase and biotite with preferred orientation. Metabasites show limited range of differentiation. Me'raji metabasites are basalt and trachy-basalt in composition, whereas the Chah Palang ones present basalt and trachy-basalt composition. Similar to metabasites of the other parts of Iran, the studied basic rocks demonstrate alkaline to transitional chemical characteristic and are formed in an extensional environment by low-degree partial melting of a garnet-spinel peridotite. Metamorphic episodes have changed the studied rocks to amphibolite and greenschist, but the primitive igneous textures are preserved.

  6. Fluoride and aluminum in teas and tea-based beverages Flúor e alumínio em chás e bebidas à base de chás

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mitsue Fujimaki Hayacibara

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fluoride and aluminum concentration in herbal, black, ready-to-drink, and imported teas available in Brazil considering the risks fluoride and aluminum pose to oral and general health, respectively. METHODS: One-hundred and seventy-seven samples of herbal and black tea, 11 types of imported tea and 21 samples of ready-to-drink tea were divided into four groups: I-herbal tea; II-Brazilian black tea (Camellia sinensis; III-imported tea (Camellia sinensis; IV-ready-to-drink tea-based beverages. Fluoride and aluminum were analyzed using ion-selective electrode and atomic absorption, respectively. RESULTS: Fluoride and aluminum levels in herbal teas were very low, but high amounts were found in black and ready-to-drink teas. Aluminum found in all samples analyzed can be considered safe to general health. However, considering 0.07 mg F/kg/day as the upper limit of fluoride intake with regard to undesirable dental fluorosis, some teas exceed the daily intake limit for children. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian and imported teas made from Camellia sinensis as well as some tea-based beverages are sources of significant amounts of fluoride, and their intake may increase the risk of developing dental fluorosis.OBJETIVO: Avaliar as concentrações de flúor e alumínio em chás brasileiros de ervas, preto e bebidas a base de chá, como em chás preto importados considerando seus riscos para, respectivamente, a saúde oral e geral. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 177 amostras de chá de ervas e chá preto, 11 tipos de chá preto importados e 21 amostras de bebidas à base de chá. Flúor e alumínio foram determinados após infusão dos chás de ervas e pretos. As determinações de flúor e alumínio foram feitas por eletrodo específico e absorção atômica, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de flúor e alumínio encontrada nos chás de erva foi muito baixa, mas foi alta nos chás preto e nas bebidas à base de chá. A quantidade de alum

  7. Tolerância de cultivares de trigo a diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva e no solo Tolerance op wheat cultivars to different levels of aluminum toxicity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo

    1981-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudados dez cultivares de trigo em soluções nutritivas contendo cinco diferentes níveis de alumínio tóxico. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em solução sem alumínio, após um período prévio de 48 horas em solução contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio. Os cultivares Siete Cerros e Tobari-66 foram sensíveis, respectivamente, a 1 e 3 ppm de alumínio. 'Alondra-S-46', 'Alondra-S-45' e 'IAC-17' foram sensíveis a 6 ppm; 'BH-1146', 'IAC-5', 'IAC-18', 'IAC-13' e 'Londrina' foram tolerantes a 10 ppm, porém 'BH-1146', 'IAC-18' e 'IAC-13' foram mais tolerantes que 'IAC-5' e 'Londrina'. Os cultivares BH-1146, IAC-17, Alondra-S-46, Tobari-66 e Siete Cerros foram cultivados em vasos contendo solo ácido mostrando a presença de alumínio. Metade do número de vasos recebeu uma aplicação de calcário. Os resultados desse experimento mostraram que o cultivar BH-1146 diferiu significativamente em produção de grãos por planta de 'Tobari-66', 'Alondra-S-46', 'IAC-17' e 'Siete Cerros'. Esse resultado confirmou a tolerância ao alumínio do cultivar BH-1146, observada quando se empregou solução nutritiva com a presença desse elemento.Ten wheat cultivars were studied to aluminum toxicity using five different levels of this element. The tolerance was measured taking into account the root growth in a aluminum-free complete nutrient solution after a previous Al treatment. With toxic amounts of Al, the primary roots did not grow at all and remained thickned at the tip as a typical Al injury. The wheat cultivars Siete Cerros and Tobari-66 were sensitive to 1 and 3 ppm of aluminum, respectively. The cultivars Alondra-S-46, Alondra-S-45 and IAC-17 were sensitive to 6 ppm. The cultivars BH-1146, IAC-5, IAC-18, IAC-13 and Londrina showed tolerance to 10 ppm but BH-1146, IAC-18 and IAC-13 were more tolerant than IAC-5 and Londrina. The cultivars BH-1146, IAC-17, Alondra-S-46

  8. Reação de genótipos de soja ao alumínio em hidroponia e no solo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Souza Luiz Augusto Copati

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os genótipos de soja BR86-5974, BR86-7396, Dourados, Doko RC, EMGOPA 305, IAC-9, BR-9 (Savana, UFV-1, UFV-9 e UFV Araguaia em relação à tolerância ao alumínio (Al em hidroponia e em solo. Na solução com Al foi medido o comprimento radicular. Em solo com 49% de saturação de Al avaliou-se área foliar, altura de planta, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, produção de matéria seca, produção de grãos e índice de colheita. Os genótipos BR86-7396 e IAC-9 são os de maior tolerância ao Al, e UFV-1 mostrou o pior desempenho. Houve correlação significativa entre alongamento radicular e produção de grãos (r = 0,705, área foliar (r = 0,645 e produção de matéria seca (r = 0,634. Isto indica que experimentos em hidroponia e solo são igualmente eficientes na seleção de soja tolerante ao alumínio. A variabilidade detectada sugere que o conjunto de genótipos de soja possui ampla variabilidade genética, o que é desejável em programas de melhoramento com o objetivo de elevar estabilidade de produção no Cerrado.

  9. Contribution of U-Pb geochronology to characterizing the Cadomian magmatism of the southeastern French Massif Central and of the related uranium-ore at Bertholene

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leveque, Marie-Helene

    1990-01-01

    U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry (major, trace and rare earth elements) were applied to various ortho- and paragneiss formations of the southeastern part of the French Massif Central. The Mendic granite and the Les Palanges granite were dated at 603 ± 9 Ma and 540 ± 18 Ma, respectively. Their micaschist host-rocks show a multi-episodic evolution that matches the U-Pb data obtained on metasediments and leucogranites of the Variscan Orogen. An old zircon source was detected at 1.87 Ga in the Les Palanges micaschist, while, seemingly, this heritage was wiped out of the Mendic micaschist during the Cadomian events. In the Decazeville gneiss, where a crustal component of unknown age has been detected, the major event is the Variscan migmatization. At Bertholene, the geochronology of uranium ores associated to the Les Palanges orthogneiss evidenced two periods of emplacement: -the relicts of the first phase, of Liassic age at 173 ± 9 Ma, are restricted to an uranium oxide; -the second phase, related to coffinites, represents the economical ore emplaced from Oligocene until Recent times, generated through remobilization of the Liassic stock. A comparison between the geochronological data from the ore, and of those from its granite host, suggests a genetic relationship between the Cadomian magmatism and the U-concentrations, spatially linked to the unconformity between the Les Palanges basement and its Permo-Carboniferous cover series. Metamictization of the source minerals combined with tectonic processes would be responsible for the release of uranium. Uranium-rich minerals from Bertholene, from Lodeve and from Les Pierres-Plantees have been subjected to trial dating by the isotopic Xe-Xe method, which confirms the evolution admitted for those occurrences. This technique is demonstrably expeditious and faithful. Various phenomena were investigated, at the scale of the crystalline structure, related to the xenon energy states and to the problem of rare

  10. KAJIAN NILAI, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM SENI DONGKREK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hartini Hartini

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Dongkrek attraction is a stage which is composed of music, dance and dramatic story arranged in a single set of show. The structure of the stage is seen in the unique type of music instrument. Masks have become the reflection of the characterization of the characters in stage. The music intsruments of Dongkrek attraction are: kenthongan, kenong, bedug, beri, korek and gong pamungkas. The masks are typified as topeng buta/gendruwo; topeng roro perot, topeng roro ayu and topeng eyang palang. Cultural values reflected in Dongkrek attraction consist of those of education, moral, leadership, heroism and aesthetics. Dongkrek attraction can also serve functions of fulfiling psychological needs, expressing self-esttem, releasing tension and ammusement. The masks in Dongkrek represent some characters; topeng buta/gendruwo for evil, eyang palang for wisdom.

  11. Interação silício e alumínio em plantas de arroz de terras altas cultivadas em solo alumínico

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    Lucas Barbosa de Freitas

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Solos com altos teores de Al tóxico podem causar diversos danos às plantas e, como consequência, diminuir sua produtividade; assim, seu manejo torna-se imprescindível para obter maiores produtividades, e o Si pode ser alternativa para diminuir a toxidez por Al em plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação entre Si e Al em plantas de arroz de terras altas cultivadas em solo naturalmente alumínico de textura média arenosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos empregados foram dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas: BRS Talento (não tolerante ao Al, moderno e Guarani (tolerante ao Al3+, tradicional, além de cinco doses de Si (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 mg dm-3 adicionadas ao solo. O Si fornecido ao solo contribuiu amenizando a toxidez por Al em ambos os cultivares, porém só houve acréscimo em produtividade no cultivar BRS Talento. Houve correlação positiva para produtividade de grãos do cultivar BRS Talento e teor de Si nas folhas; já o teor de Al nas folhas correlacionou-se com a produtividade de forma negativa; e também houve correlação negativa entre os teores de Si e Al nas folhas, indicando que há interação entre Si e Al em plantas de arroz.

  12. Characteristics of Laminar Flow in Pipelines of Homogenous Alum Sludge Approximated with use of the Vočadlo Model for Viscoplastic Liquids

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    Kempiński Jan

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The study presents the manners of determination of the Darcy friction factor λ for a homogenous hydromixture of alum sludge of varied hydration and temperature for the laminar flow zone. The rheological evaluation of the hydromixture as a viscoplastic body has been conducted with use of measurements of viscosity. The curves of flow were approximated with use of the generalized Vočadlo model. The Darcy friction factor λ of the pipeline was determined with use of the non-dimensional criterion λ(Regen and λ(Re, He.

  13. Efeito do gel hemost?tico de cloreto de alum?nio 25% na resist?ncia de uni?o dentin?ria com diferentes sistemas adesivos

    OpenAIRE

    Nascimento Sobrinho, Kleyver do

    2016-01-01

    O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, atrav?s do teste de microcisalhamento (?SBS), a influ?ncia de uma solu??o hemost?tica (Cloreto de Alum?nio 25%) na resist?ncia de uni?o ? dentina. Trinta e seis (36) dentes incisivos bovinos isentos de quaisquer defeitos estruturais foram preparados e divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=6) teste: SB ? Sistema adesivo ScotchBond Multi-uso (3M/ESPE); CS ? Sistema adesivo Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray); SU ? Sistema adesivo Single Bond Universal (3M/ESPE); os...

  14. The Jahn-Teller effect and its observation in titanium alum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tregenna Piggott, P.

    1996-01-01

    Full text: A fundamental assumption, often employed to problems in solid state physics, is that a system may be well described within the confines of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. As a consequence of the substantial difference of masses, the electrons are assumed to follow the motion of the nuclei adiabatically; hence, the motion of the electrons and nuclei are solved separately. As Jahn and Teller showed in 1936, any non-linear molecule having orbital degeneracy will be unstable to at least one asymmetric displacement which lifts the degeneracy. The wave equation must then be solved taking into account coupling between the electronic and nuclear motion. The E x β system, an electronic doublet coupled to a single mode of vibration, is introduced as an elementary example and is used to illustrate features characteristic of Jahn-Teller systems. The E x ε system is discussed in conjunction with work currently being undertaken on CsTi(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O. In this alum, the [Ti(OH 2 ) 6 ] 3 + cation (3d 1 ) is subject to an axial field which acts to leave a doubly degenerate electronic ground term. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data show the salt to undergo a phase transition at 12 K which we associate with a Co-operative Jahn-Teller Effect manifested by the interaction of the Jahn-Teller electrons with the crystal lattice. Also presented are EPR and SQUID data which illustrate how the Jahn-Teller effect leads to quenching of orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling

  15. Influência do alumínio de um Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo do Acre sobre o crescimento das plantas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. R. N. F. Gama

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado em Piracicaba (SP, em 1995, com o objetivo de investigar a causa da ausência de sintomas de toxidez de alumínio ou da redução de produtividade de plantas cultivadas em um solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo do Acre. O teor de Al trocável nesse solo ultrapassa 14 cmol c dm-3 no horizonte B. Amostras dos horizontes A e B foram incubadas com diferentes doses de calcário e submetidas à determinação do pH em H2O, do pH em CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 e do teor de Al trocável extraído com KCl 1 mol L-1 e determinado por titulação com NaOH 0,02 mol L-1 e por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Em outro experimento, quatro espécies ou cultivares (arroz, cultivares Fernandes e IAC 1131; feijão, cultivar Rosinha, e milho, cultivar C511-A foram plantados em vasos contendo amostras dos horizontes A e B do solo em estudo; em 50% dos vasos, as amostras foram previamente tratadas com carbonatos de cálcio e de magnésio para elevar a saturação por bases a 80%. Após 60 dias, as raízes e a parte aérea foram secas, pesadas e submetidas à determinação do teor de Al. Em uma terceira etapa, foi determinado o teor de alumínio na solução do solo, empregando-se extratos da pasta de saturação de amostras incubadas com doses crescentes de calcário. Os teores de Al trocável obtidos por titulação do extrato com NaOH 0,02 mol L-1 mostraram-se coerentes com os determinados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. A influência da calagem sobre a produção de matéria seca e sobre a absorção de Al pelas plantas foi pequena, não havendo relação clara entre o desenvolvimento destas ou ocorrência de sintomas de toxidez e a presença de Al trocável nesse solo. As amostras não tratadas com corretivos apresentaram teores elevados de Al na solução; contudo, não foram observados sintomas de toxidez nos vegetais. No Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo estudado, o teor de alumínio trocável e a concentração de Al na

  16. Tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio de linhagens e híbridos de milho em solução nutritiva Aluminium toxicity tolerance of maize inbred lines and hybrids evaluated in nutrient solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto Paterniani

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se dez linhagens de milho do programa de melhoramento do Instituto Agronômico (IAC, em cruzamentos dialélicos e os 45 híbridos resultantes quanto à tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio em laboratório. Estimou-se a tolerância pelo comprimento líquido da radícula (CLR de plântulas em solução nutritiva contendo 4,5 mg.L-1 de alumínio, em ensaio sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, utilizando-se como padrões linhagens sensível e tolerante de IAC Taiúba. Apresentam-se, ainda, resultados da produtividade desses cruzamentos em ensaios de campo. Identificaram-se linhagens que constituem fontes de tolerância (L 06 e L 09 e híbridos tolerantes à toxicidade de alumínio com elevada produtividade em solos corrigidos. Na análise dialélica, o desdobramento dos efeitos de tratamentos, em capacidade geral (CGC e específica (CEC de combinação, indicou a predominância de efeitos aditivos na manifestação da tolerância ao alumínio tóxico. Obtiveram-se elevados valores de heterose, indicando a existência de interações não alélicas na manifestação do CLR. O híbrido HS 10X11 (denominado IAC 21 aliou alta produtividade e tolerância ao alumínio, apresentando a maior estimativa da CEC para CLR.Ten inbred lines and the resulting forty-five hybrids from the maize IAC breeding program were evaluated for Al tolerance by the nutrient solution technique. Net radicle lengths (CLR of plants grown with 4.5 mg.L-1 were used to estimate Al tolerance. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications, and it was used two divergent inbred lines IAC Taiuba as control for Al tolerance and sensitivity, respectively. In addition to these data, it is shown also the grain yield of the same materials from field plots. It was identified two inbred lines (L 06 and L 09 as Al tolerance sources and hybrids potentially adapted to acid soil conditions (tolerant to Al toxicity

  17. Germinação de sementes de Conyza canadensis e C. bonariensis em função da presença de alumínio no substrato Germination of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis seeds under presence of aluminum in the substrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available A germinação das sementes pode ser fortemente influenciada pelas condições ambientais, afetando o estabelecimento de comunidades florísticas. As plantas daninhas, apesar das características de rusticidade e capacidade de suas sementes germinarem em condições de estresse ambiental, podem sofrer o efeito direto da presença de elementos tóxicos no substrato. O alumínio, presente em solos com pH baixo, pode interferir negativamente no processo germinativo de sementes de espécies cultivadas e também de plantas daninhas. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se estudar o efeito tóxico da presença de alumínio no substrato durante a germinação de sementes de Conyza. A germinação foi reduzida pela presença de alumínio no substrato, havendo decréscimos significativos a partir de 1,5cmol c dm-3 para as sementes de ambas as espécies, enquanto a velocidade de germinação foi prejudicada a partir da menor concentração (0,5cmol c dm-3 de alumínio testada. Esses resultados demonstram que as sementes de ambas as espécies são sensíveis à presença de alumínio no substrato de germinação.Seed germination can be greatly influenced by environmental conditions, which affects the establishment of floristic communities. The weeds, although they had features as hardiness and its ability to germinate seeds under environmental stress conditions, may experience the direct effect of the presence of toxic elements in the substrate. Aluminum, present in soils with low pH can negatively impact the germination of seeds of crop species and weeds. This research aimed to study the toxic effect of aluminum presence in the substrate during seed germination of Conyza. Germination was reduced by the presence of aluminum in the substrate, with significant decreases from 1.5cmol c dm-3 for the seeds of both species. The germination rate was affected from the lower concentration of aluminum tested (0.5cmol c dm-3. These results demonstrate that the seeds of

  18. Seleção de populações de Lotus corniculatus L. com maior tolerância ao alumínio em solução nutritiva Selection of populations of Lotus corniculatus L. with increased tolerance to aluminum in nutrient solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Janke

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de selecionar genótipos de Lotus corniculatus L. (Draco, São Gabriel e UFRGS mais tolerantes ao alumínio, utilizando-se a técnica de seleção em solução nutritiva. A solução continha 200 µmol/L de cálcio (CaCl2, 100 µmol/L de alumínio (AlCl3 e pH controlado na faixa de 4,1 a 4,3. Realizaram-se dois ciclos de seleção, nos quais as plântulas foram selecionadas pelo comprimento final das radículas. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o ganho genético alcançado nos ciclos de seleção, tanto nas populações originais como nas melhoradas, em um experimento com solução nutritiva com quatro concentrações de alumínio (0, 50, 100 e 150 µmol/L (AlCl3, por meio do crescimento radicular líquido. O uso de solução nutritiva foi eficiente na seleção de plântulas de cornichão tolerantes ao alumínio. Os materiais analisados apresentam diferenças em relação a esta característica, destacando-se o genótipo UFRGS F2, proveniente de dois ciclos de seleção, como o material com maior tolerância ao alumínio.The experiment was carried out to select genotypes of Lotus corniculatus L. (Draco, São Gabriel and UFRGS more tolerant to aluminum, using the technique of selection in nutrient solution. The solution contained 200 µmol/L calcium (CaCl2 and 100 µmol/L aluminum (AlCl3 and a pH controlled in the range from 4.1 to 4.3. It was performed two cycles of selection, in which the seedlings were selected by the root final length. Subsequently, the genetic gain achieved in the cycles of selection was tested, in original and improved populations in an experiment in nutrient solution with four concentrations of aluminum (0, 50, 100 and 150 µmol/L (AlCl3, by liquid root growth. Use of nutritional solution was efficient in the selection of seedlings of birdsfoot trefoil tolerant to aluminum. The materials analyzed differ for this characteristic, with the genotype UFRGS F2, being the most tolerant.

  19. Estabelecimento de critérios para selecionar porta-enxertos de macieira tolerantes ao alumínio em solução nutritiva Establishment of criteria to select apple tree rootstocks tolerant to the aluminum in nutritious solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine Cristina Stolf

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Dentre todas as fruteiras de clima temperado, a macieira é a que mais atenção tem recebido no sentido de se obterem porta-enxertos com características de boa adaptação, resistência ou sanidade. O desenvolvimento de um método eficiente para caracterizar genótipos com tolerância ao alumínio é o primeiro passo para a realização de estudos de mecanismos genéticos envolvidos na herança desse caráter. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a tolerância ao alumínio dos porta-enxertos de macieira M.9 e Marubakaido em cinco concentrações (0; 50;150; 250 e 350 µM L-1 em solução nutritiva. As estacas de Marubakaido, na concentração intermediária de alumínio apresentaram menor crescimento radicular e aéreo. O M.9 mostrou menor crescimento radicular nas concentrações de 250 e 350 mM de alumínio. As características de crescimento avaliadas permitiram discriminar o porta-enxerto Marubakaido como mais tolerante que o M.9, e a concentração de 350 µM L-1 é a mais eficiente para a discriminação da tolerância ao alumínio aos 15 dias de cultivo em solução nutritiva.Among all of the temperate fruit trees, the apple tree is the one that has attracted more attention when it comes to obtaining rootstocks with characteristics of good adaptation, resistance or sanity. The development of an efficient method to characterize genotypes with tolerance to the aluminum is the first step for the accomplishment of genetic mechanisms studies involved in the inheritance of this character. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the tolerance to aluminum of the apple tree rootstocks M.9 and Marubakaido in five concentrations (0, 50, 150, 250 and 350 µM L-1 in nutritious solution. The cuttings of Marubakaido, in the intermediate concentration of aluminum presented smaller root and aerial growth. M.9 showed smaller root growth in the concentrations of 250 and 350 µM of aluminum. The evaluated growth characteristics permitted

  20. Iron and aluminum forms and their relationship with texture, mineralogy and organic carbon in the Cerrado OxisolFormas de ferro e alumínio e suas relações com textura, mineralogia e carbono orgânico em Latossolos do Cerrado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robélio Lenadro Marchão

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The Oxisols of the Cerrado region have a simple mineralogy, and are composed mainly of kaolinite and iron and aluminium oxides. The aim of this work was to perform a sequential extraction of iron and aluminium and to relate them to texture, mineralogy and organic carbon in Oxisols of the Cerrado region. The soil samples, 35 in total, were taken from the 0–20 cm layer in Oxisols under pasture located in the Brazilian Cerrado Region. The levels of iron and aluminum extracted by full attack, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate were analyzed according to the textural classes using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Then these data were related to the mineralogy and organic carbon through a principal component analysis. Whatever the textures, iron oxides of high degree of crystallinity were the main form of iron and are positively correlated with the iron total content. The aluminum oxides have a high affinity to organic carbon than iron oxides. The levels of iron and aluminum extracted by sodium pyrophosphate were closely related to soil pH.Os Latossolos da região do Cerrado apresentam mineralogia da fração argila relativamente simples, sendo constituídos principalmente por caulinita e óxidos de ferro e de alumínio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar extrações sequênciais de ferro e de alumínio e relacioná-los à mineralogia, textura e teores de carbono orgânico em Latossolos da região do Cerrado. Coletaram-se 35 amostras na camada de 0-20 cm de Latossolos sob pastagem da Região do Cerrado. Os teores de ferro e de alumínio extraídos pelo ataque total, ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de sódio, oxalato ácido de amônia e pirofosfato de sódio foram analisados de acordo com a classe textural através do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. Em seguida estes dados foram relacionados com a mineralogia e o carbono orgânico por meio de uma análise de componentes principais

  1. Koda = Koda / Ülar Mark, Kariina Kristiina Kaufmann, Kadri Tonto ; kommenteerinud Katrin Koov

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Mark, Ülar, 1968-

    2016-01-01

    Minimalistliku vormiga eramu KODA Tallinnas, Järvekalda tee 33. Autorid Ülar Mark, Taavi Jakobson, Hannes Tamjärv, Kalev Ramjalg, Marek Strandberg. Arhitektid Ülar Mark, Kariina Kristiina Kaufmann, Kadri Tonto, Hannes Praks

  2. "Mees, naine ja köök" ootab järge / Reet Varblane

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Varblane, Reet, 1952-

    2007-01-01

    Eneken Maripuu ja Hannes Starkopfi näitus "Mees, naine ja köök" Hobusepea galeriis kuni 6. VIII. Hannes Starkopf on lähtunud itaalia maneristliku maalikunstniku Giuseppe Archimboldo (1527-1593) teosest "Suvi"

  3. Eesti interjöörileiud

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Kaubamaja Noortemaailm, kus kurjad vanamehed riietuskabiinis - autorid Hannes Praks ja Kristjan Holm, kaasa tegid Hannes Starkopf, Jan Tomson ja Kalle Pruuden ning ööklubi Club von Überblingen Madara tänaval, sisearhitekt Taavi Aunre

  4. Sistem Reminder Donor Darah dengan Memanfaatkan Teknologi Location Based Service

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ismail Abdus Shobar

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Donor darah merupakan kegiatan kemanusiaan yang bertujuan untuk membantu anggota masyarakat yang membutuhkan darah. Kegiatan donor darah diselenggarakan dan dikelola oleh Palang Merah Indonesia. Menurut catatan Palang Merah Indonesia, secara keseluruhan kebutuhan kantung darah yang tidak terpenuhi melebihi satu juta kantung darah. Untuk itu dibutuhkan peningkatan produksi kantung darah. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah perancangan suatu sistem informasi geografis (GIS yang memudahkan pendonor untuk mendonorkan darahnya kembali dengan reminder donor darah dan membantu PMI mendapatkan kantung darah. Makalah ini membahas perancangan sistem reminder donor darah dengan menggunakan teknologi location based service. Kemudian untuk menguji sistem, dibuatkan sebuah prototype dengan hasil pengujian sistem menunjukkan bahwa sistem reminder donor darah dapat memudahkan pendonor dalam mendonorkan darahnya kembali sehingga memberikan motivasi bagi pendonor untuk lebih giat dalam mendonorkan darahnya. Sistem ini berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas PMI dalam mengumpulkan kantong darah sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan kantung darah masyarakat dapat meningkat yang pada akhirnya dapat menyelamatkan lebih banyak nyawa manusia khususnya di Indonesia. Kata kunci: donor darah, reminder, GIS, location based service.

  5. Investigation of ULF magnetic pulsations, air conductivity changes, and infra red signatures associated with the 30 October Alum Rock M5.4 earthquake

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. Bleier

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Several electromagnetic signal types were observed prior to and immediately after 30 October 2007 (Local Time M5.4 earthquake at Alum Rock, Ca with an epicenter ~15 km NE of San Jose Ca. The area where this event occurred had been monitored since November 2005 by a QuakeFinder magnetometer site, unit 609, 2 km from the epicenter. This instrument is one of 53 stations of the QuakeFinder (QF California Magnetometer Network-CalMagNet. This station included an ultra low frequency (ULF 3-axis induction magnetometer, a simple air conductivity sensor to measure relative airborne ion concentrations, and a geophone to identify the arrival of the P-wave from an earthquake. Similar in frequency content to the increased ULF activity reported two weeks prior to the Loma Prieta M7.0 quake in 1989 (Fraser-Smith, 1990, 1991, the QF station detected activity in the 0.01–12 Hz bands, but it consisted of an increasing number of short duration (1 to 30 s duration pulsations. The pulsations peaked around 13 days prior to the event. The amplitudes of the pulses were strong, (3–20 nT, compared to the average ambient noise at the site, (10–250 pT, which included a component arising from the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART operations. The QF station also detected different pulse shapes, e.g. negative or positive only polarity, with some pulses including a combination of positive and negative. Typical pulse counts over the previous year ranged from 0–15 per day, while the count rose to 176 (east-west channel on 17 October, 13 days prior to the quake. The air conductivity sensor saturated for over 14 h during the night and morning prior to the quake, which occurred at 20:29 LT. Anomalous IR signatures were also observed in the general area, within 50 km of the epicenter, during the 2 weeks prior to the quake. These three simultaneous EM phenomena were compared with data collected over a 1–2-year period at the site. The data was also compared against accounts of air

  6. Koda = Koda / Kadri Tonto

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tonto, Kadri

    2016-01-01

    Minimalistliku vormiga eramu KODA. Kontseptsiooni autorid Ülar Mark, Taavi Jakobson, Hannes Tamjärv, Kalev Ramjalg, Marek Strandberg; arhitektid Ülar Mark, Kariina Kristiina Kaufmann, Kadri Tonto, Hannes Praks. Eesti Arhitektide Liidu preemia "Väike 2013-2015" laureaat

  7. Estresse oxidativo e diferenças na sensibilidade de células de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. BY-2 ao alumínio e à acidez

    OpenAIRE

    Flávia Regina Capaldi

    2006-01-01

    O alumínio é limitante à atividade agrícola em todo o mundo. Nos solos ácidos a disponibilidade de Al aumenta. Estes solos constituem a maioria dos solos do mundo e dois terços dos solos brasileiros. O problema da acidez do solo e da toxicidade por Al é altamente significativo para as perdas na produtividade agrícola e florestal. Para se ter Al disponível, primeiramente tem que se ter condições de pH baixo. O primeiro sintoma causado pela toxicidade por Al é a inibição no alongamento do siste...

  8. Gesso na produção de cultivares de milho com tolerância diferencial a alumínio em três níveis de calagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. van Raij

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available O gesso, nos últimos anos, vem sendo considerado como um insumo capaz de melhorar o ambiente radicular de subsolos ácidos. Contudo, ainda pairam dúvidas sobre a vantagem de usá-lo em solos que, embora ácidos, tenham sido submetidos a calagens e adubações anteriores. Também há pouca informação sobre o uso de gesso em presença de aplicações elevadas de calcário ou em plantas cultivadas tolerantes à acidez. No presente trabalho, é relatado experimento com calcário e gesso, realizado, de 1987 a 1992, na Estação Experimental de Tatuí (SP, em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro álico textura argilosa, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de calcário e de gesso nas produções de cultivares de milho tolerante ou susceptível a alumínio, bem como o efeito dos corretivos na acidez do solo. O experimento foi instalado em parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições, em blocos ao acaso. Nas parcelas principais, foram aplicadas 0, 6 ou 12 t ha-1 de calcário dolomítico e, nas subparcelas, 0, 4 e 8 t ha-1 de fosfogesso; nas subsubparcelas, foram plantados dois cultivares, um sensível e outro tolerante a alumínio. Para as quatro colheitas obtidas (os dados de 1990 foram considerados perdidos, percebeu-se efeito significativo para a calagem nos dois tipos de cultivares. O gesso apresentou efeito significativo nas produções apenas para o cultivar sensível ao alumínio e, nesse caso, o efeito foi aditivo ao de calcário, proporcionando, em média, cerca da metade do aumento de produção devida à calagem. A calagem influenciou, consideravelmente, a reação da camada arável do solo, aumentando o pH, os teores de Ca2+ e Mg2+ e reduzindo a acidez potencial, mas pouco influiu nas camadas mais profundas, o que, provavelmente, se deveu ao fato de o solo ter recebido aplicações anteriores de calcário e de adubos com sulfato. O gesso influiu nos teores de Ca2+ e SO4(2- em profundidade, embora de forma pouco pronunciada em relação

  9. Influência do tratamento superficial 3IP na vida em fadiga da liga de alumínio AA7050-T7451 para aplicação aeronáutica

    OpenAIRE

    Minto, Thiago Alexandre [UNESP

    2016-01-01

    O estudo do comportamento em fadiga e corrosão dos materiais é de extrema importância para a indústria aeronáutica, considerando componentes estruturais que estão submetidos a carregamentos cíclicos constantemente. As ligas de alumínio desempenham papel fundamental nesse ramo, principalmente as ligas da série 7xxx de alta resistência. Como esses componentes também operam em ambientes marítimos, os revestimentos anticorrosivos são utilizados como proteção. Dos processos de revestimentos dispon...

  10. Crescimento, morfologia radicular e liberação de compostos orgânicos por plântulas de soja em função da atividade de alumínio na solução do solo de campo natural Growth, root morphology and organic compounds released by soybean seedlings as a function of aluminum activity in a field soil solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Nolla

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available A toxicidade do alumínio em solos é considerada uma das maiores limitações para a produção das culturas. No entanto, algumas plantas são capazes de tolerar altas concentrações de alumínio por sua complexação com ácidos orgânicos exsudados pelas raízes. No intuito de estudar os efeitos concomitantes de faixas pH e de alumínio no desenvolvimento radicular de plântulas de soja, desenvolveu-se um trabalho na solução de um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico típico de campo natural. Cultivou-se, em câmara de crescimento, plântulas pré-germinadas de soja durante três dias dentro de tubos de ensaio aerados contendo 40ml da solução do solo (4,2µmol de Al L-1, submetidos a quatro concentrações de alumínio (0,0; 0,3; 0,6 e 1,2µmol L-1 e três níveis de pH (4,0; 5,0 e 6,0. O crescimento radicular e da parte aérea da soja foi menor em condições mais ácidas (pH 4,0. Em condições de acidez intermediária (pH H2O 5,0, o crescimento radicular foi menos afetado pelas espécies rizotóxicas de alumínio, mesmo quando submetidas a elevadas concentrações de alumínio na solução do solo.Aluminum toxicity in soils is considered one of the major limitations to crop production. However, some plants are able to tolerate high aluminum concentrations due to its complexation with root organic acids exudates. The simultaneous effect of pH ranges and aluminum concentration in soil solution on soybean seedlings root development was studied in a Rhodic Paleudult soil solution under natural grasses vegetation. Soybean seedlings were grown in growth chamber for three days in aerated test tubes containing 40ml soil solution (4.2µmol Al L-1, submmited to four aluminum concentrations (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2mmol L-1 and three pH levels (4.0, 5.0 and 6.0. Root and aerial growth decreased under more acidic conditions (pH 4.0. Root growth was less affected by rhyzotoxic aluminum species at pH 5.0, even when submitted to high concentration of

  11. Níveis de alumínio e acúmulo de macronutrientes em porta-enxertos cítricos em cultivo hidropônico Aluminum levels and macronutrient accumulation in citrus rootstocks in hydroponic solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Henrique dos Santos

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de alumínio no acúmulo de macronutrientes pelos porta-enxertos cítricos limoeiro Cravo e citrumeleiro Swingle, sob cultivo hidropônico. Os tratamentos utilizados em condições de casa de vegetação seguiram o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Os níveis de alumínio utilizados foram: 0, 7,5, 15, 22,5 e 30 mg L-1, na forma de AlCl3.6 H2O. Determinaram-se o acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e do Al da matéria seca vegetal, relacionando-os com os pesos da matéria seca da parte aérea (folhas e caule e raízes durante o período de 84 dias, com coletas de plantas a cada 14 dias. Conclui-se que, com adição a partir de 7,5 mg L-1 de alumínio em solução nutritiva ocorreram alterações fisiológicas e reduções significativas no acúmulo de macronutrientes associado à redução nos pesos da matéria seca das folhas, caule e raízes das plantas de citrumelo Swingle.The aim of this research was to study the influence of different levels of aluminum on macronutrient contents of citrus rootstocks of the `Rangpur' lime and the `Swingle' citrumelo, in hydroponic solution. The treatments, established under greenhouse conditions, followed a completely randomized experimental design, with 3 replications, distributed in split-plots. The levels of aluminum were: 0; 7.5; 15; 22.5 and 30 mg L-1, applied as AlCl3.6 H2O. The evaluated chemical plant parameters were the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al and dry weight of leaves, stem and root system. The results showed that with adition of 7.5 mg L-1 of Al to the nutrient solution there was a significant decrese of nutrient contents and a decrese in leave, stem and root system dry weight of `Swingle' citrumelo.

  12. Fornos para fusão e espera para indústria de alumínio : caracterização de materiais refratários e conservação de energia

    OpenAIRE

    Marcela Munhoz Monteiro Novo

    2012-01-01

    Nas indústrias de base ou de transformação a energia utilizada para o aquecimento da carga é parcialmente dissipada tanto pela exaustão dos gases quanto pelos refratários que revestem internamente esses equipamentos industriais que trabalham em altas temperaturas. Assim, a busca por alternativas para um melhor desempenho dos fornos de fusão e espera da indústria de alumínio depende diretamente da capacidade dos materiais refratários em reter o calor e resistir aos processos de degradação nos ...

  13. Perfil metabólico e aspectos ultraestruturais de plantas de Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae) crescidas na presença e ausência de alumínio

    OpenAIRE

    Melo, Jessica Regina

    2017-01-01

    O alumínio trivalente (Al+3) é altamente tóxico e é o principal fator de estresse para plantas sensíveis em solos ácidos. Contudo, muitas espécies são bem adaptadas a condições de solos ácidos e a elevadas concentrações de Al. Os mecanismos de adaptação das plantas podem ser divididos em: a) resistência: exclusão do Al a partir de células do sistema radicular e, b) tolerância: entrada e sequestro do Al para os órgãos vegetais. Algumas espécies nativas do Cerrado, além de serem acumuladoras de...

  14. Tolerância de genótipos de trigo comum, trigo duro e triticale à toxicidade de alumínio em soluções nutritivas Tolerance of bread wheat, durum wheat and triticale genotypes to aluminum toxicity in nutrient solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Foi estudado o comportamento diferencial de 12 genótipos de trigo comum (Triticum aestivum L., um genótipo de trigo duro (Triticum durum L., e um de triticale (Triticosecale sp em soluções nutritivas de tratamento contendo duas concentrações salinas (1/5 e 1/10 da completa e seis concentrações de alumínio ( 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 mg L-1, à temperatura de 25 ± 1ºC e pH 4,0. Foram utilizadas dez plântulas por parcela e quatro repetições. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuarem a crescer em solução sem alumínio, após permanecer 48 horas em solução nutritiva completa, contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio combinada com cada uma das concentrações salinas. Os genótipos de trigo comum IAC-289, IAC-350 e IAC-370 e a cultivar controle Anahuac, e os genótipos de trigo duro IAC-1003 e de triticale IAC-5 foram os mais sensíveis a níveis crescentes de Al3+nas soluções nutritivas de tratamento e, portanto, somente seriam indicados para cultivo em solos corrigidos. Os genótipos de trigo comum IAC-24 e IAC-378 e a cultivar controle BH-1146 destacaram-se pela tolerância à toxicidade de Al3+, com potencial para uso em solos ácidos e como fontes genéticas de tolerância nos futuros cruzamentos. Os sintomas de toxicidade de alumínio foram maiores com a elevação da concentração de alumínio e da diminuição das concentrações de sais da solução nutritiva para todos os genótipos estudados.Twelve bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., one durum wheat (Triticum durum L. and one triticale (Triticosecale sp genotypes were studied in nutrient solutions with a high salt concentration in experiment 1 and a weak salt concentration in experiment 2, for aluminum tolerance at six levels: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg L-1, under temperature 25 ± 1ºC and pH 4,0. Four replications were used per experiment. Aluminum tolerance was evaluated by measuring root growth in an aluminum-free complete

  15. Mulita a partir de hidróxido de alumínio e de sílica da casca de arroz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Souza M. F. de

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Mulita foi sintetizada a partir do hidróxido de alumínio, Al(OH3, purificado de rejeito industrial, e de sílica obtida a partir da queima, a 500 oC, da casca de arroz purificada. Ainda que o processo de formação da mulita se inicie a 1300 oC as experiências foram conduzidas a 1600 oC durante 8,0 h a fim de se medir a densidade final das peças e se observar o efeito da adição de ítria no processo. As densidades aparentes encontradas foram de 2,70 g/cm3 e 2,84 g/cm3, respectivamente, para a mulita pura e para a formulação mulita com 5,0% em peso de Y2O3. A microestrutura da mulita dopada com ítria mostra alguns grãos longos, até 30 mm. A análise de EDS mostrou que o ítrio foi incorporado na mulita

  16. Interação da deficiência hídrica e da toxicidade do alumínio em guandu cultivado em hidroponia Interaction of water stress and aluminum toxicity in pigeon pea cultivated in hydroponics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adão Marin

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da interação da deficiência hídrica e da toxicidade do alumínio no crescimento inicial e teores de prolina livre em duas cultivares de guandu, IAPAR 43-Aratã e IAC Fava Larga, cultivadas em hidroponia. As plântulas foram submetidas aos estresses em solução nutritiva (pH 3,8, nos potenciais osmóticos de 0, -0,004, -0,006, -0,008 e -0,010 MPa, com 0, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75 e 1 mmol dm-3 de Al3+. O experimento foi conduzido em sala de crescimento, sob luminária com irradiância média de 190 mmol m-2 s-1 , fotoperíodo de 12 horas e temperatura de 25+1ºC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x5x5 (duas cultivares de guandu, cinco potenciais osmóticos e cinco níveis de alumínio, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de regressão polinomial, agrupamento e componentes principais. A deficiência hídrica causa redução do crescimento da parte aérea do guandu, e a toxicidade do alumínio provoca diminuição do crescimento radicular. Houve aumento nos teores de prolina livre nas duas cultivares sob deficiência hídrica, e apenas na IAC Fava Larga sob toxicidade de alumínio. Na análise multivariada, foi observada alta correlação no crescimento e no acúmulo de prolina na cultivar IAC Fava Larga, o que evidencia provável tolerância aos estresses associados.The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction effect of water stress and aluminum toxicity on the initial growth and free proline contents in two cultivars of pigeon pea, IAPAR 43-Aratã and IAC Fava Larga, cultivated in hydroponics. The seedlings were submitted to stresses in nutritive solution (pH 3.8, osmotic potentials 0, -0.004, -0.006, -0.008 and -0.010 MPa, with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mmol dm-3 Al3+ . The experiment was carried out in a plant growth room, under a luminary unit of average irradiance 190 mmol m-2 s-1 , 12-hour photoperiod and 25+1º

  17. Nitrogen dynamics model for a pilot field-scale novel dewatered alum sludge cake-based constructed wetland system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, J L G; Zhao, Y Q; Hu, Y S; Babatunde, A O; Zhao, X H

    2015-01-01

    A model simulating the effluent nitrogen (N) concentration of treated animal farm wastewater in a pilot on-site constructed wetland (CW) system, using dewatered alum sludge cake (DASC) as wetland substrate, is presented. The N-model was developed based on the Structural Thinking Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation software and is considering organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (NH3) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) as the major forms of nitrogen involved in the transformation chains. Ammonification (AMM), ammonia volatilization, nitrification (NIT), denitrification, plant uptake, plant decaying and uptake of inorganic nitrogen by algae and bacteria were considered in this model. pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and nitrogen concentrations were considered as forcing functions in the model. The model was calibrated by observed data with a reasonable agreement prior to its applications. The simulated effluent detritus nitrogen, NH4-N, NO3-N and TN had a considerably good agreement with the observed results. The mass balance analysis shows that NIT accounts for 65.60%, adsorption (ad) (11.90%), AMM (8.90%) followed by NH4-N (Plants) (5.90%) and NO3-N (Plants) (4.40%). The TN removal was found 52% of the total influent TN in the CW. This study suggested an improved overall performance of a DASC-based CW and efficient N removal from wastewater.

  18. Indvandrerkvinders helbred, tradition og tro

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dyhr, Lise

    2000-01-01

    Interview sammen med Læge Sajida Fazal og jordemoder Hanne Gylche om erfaringer og løsningsforslag til at forbedre mødet med indvandrerkvinder i Danmark. Udgivelsesdato: 2000/11/6......Interview sammen med Læge Sajida Fazal og jordemoder Hanne Gylche om erfaringer og løsningsforslag til at forbedre mødet med indvandrerkvinder i Danmark. Udgivelsesdato: 2000/11/6...

  19. Estudo da liga alumínio-zinco como filtração alternativa em aparelhos de raios X odontológicos Study of the aluminum-zinc alloy as an alternative means of filtration in dental X-ray devices

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Fátima Silva HAITER

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da filtração alternativa da liga alumínio-zinco em aparelhos de raios X odontológicos, em relação ao espectro de energia dos feixes de raios X, a taxa de kerma no ar, o índice de contraste nas radiografias obtidas e a qualidade das imagens radiográficas. Este estudo foi realizado comparando-se o filtro convencional de alumínio com várias espessuras do filtro de liga alumínio-zinco, em diferentes porcentagens do elemento zinco na liga (2%, 3%, 4% e 5%. Foi utilizado um aparelho de raios X odontológico convencional, operando com 60 kVp e 70 kVp, e filmes radiográficos dos grupos D e E de sensibilidade. Foram realizadas radiografias de um "phantom" e de uma escala de densidade de alumínio. Os resultados mostraram que o uso dos filtros de liga Al-Zn resultou em um não-endurecimento dos feixes. A taxa de kerma no ar diminuiu em até 18,53%, sem alteração no contraste das radiografias e a qualidade das imagens teve uma boa aceitação pelos examinadores. A análise dos resultados nos levou a concluir que o filtro de liga Al-Zn 2%, com 1,99 mm de espessura, tensão de 60 kVp, quando usado com filme D, foi o que obteve melhor desempenho, reduzindo a taxa de kerma no ar sem variar o índice de contraste das radiografias, mantendo a qualidade da imagem aceitável para diagnóstico, sem contudo aumentar o tempo de exposição.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternative filtration with the aluminum-zinc alloy in dental X-ray devices, regarding the energy spectrum, dose, contrast and image quality. This study was carried out comparing the conventional aluminum filter with aluminum-zinc alloy filters of various thicknesses and with different percentages of zinc in the alloy (2, 3, 4 and 5%. A conventional X-ray device operating with 60 and 70 kVp as well as D- and E-speed films were utilized in order to obtain images of a phantom and an aluminum step wedge. The utilization

  20. The study of multiple PET reconstructed parameter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yin, D. Y.; Tian, J.

    2000-01-01

    PET, compared with SPECT, uses some similar techniques in image reconstruction, on the other hand, there are some difference on the techniques. A phantom experiment was conducted and the result was evaluated objectively through quantitative analysis in order to find ideal filter and cutoff frequency (Fc) for clinical application. The PET phantom have 6 solid inserts (cold) in the upper half and 6 hollow ones (hot) in the lower part. The middle insert is 1cm in diameter, the outer five have diameters of 1 to 3cm respectively. The phantom filled with 111 MBq 18 FDG and studied with segmentation acquisition. 25 set of images were reconstructed using HANN, HAMM, PARZEN, BUTTERWORTH, BUTTERWORTH2 filter and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 Fe successively.A ROI of 4*4 pixels was drawn over middle 1 cm, outer 1cm, 3 cm cold column area and background area, the ratio between the ROI of cold column and background was calculated to evaluate the image contrast. A ROI of 15*15 pixels was drawn on the background area to get s.d as a judgement of image noise. A profile curve was drawn on the hollow column of middle 1 cm and outer 1 cm and their FWHM were compared with the real diameter to reflect linearity. With the same Fc, the contrast using HANN and HAMM filter was superior to other filter, The effect of the filter on image noise is listed in high to low order as HAMM, HANN, BUTTERWORTH, PARZEN and BUTTERWORTH2. The higher Fc, the higher image noise. The FWHM will increases as the Fc value decreases. With same Fc, the FWHM of different filter from small to big is HAMM, BUTTERWORTH, HANN, PARZEN, BUTTERWORTH2. The outer FWHM is larger than the middle one. For brain image, we suggest HAMM and HANN with Fc 0.3, 0.4 For image demanding lower resolution, we suggest BUTTERWORTH with Fc 0.4, 0.5, 2. For hot image, we can increase Fc to get high resolution. The FWHM value closed to the real value when HANN, HANN with Fc 0.3 and BUTTERWORTH with Fc 0.2. The 5% difference of FWHM between

  1. Tolerância ao alumínio tóxico em germoplasma brasileiro elite de aveia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cássio Barcellos Hervé

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available A presença de alumínio (Al reduz o rendimento em solos ácidos ou em áreas onde o subsolo possui pH abaixo de 5, pois limita o crescimento radicular e, consequentemente, a absorção de água e nutrientes. Genótipos elite de aveia (Avena sativa L. não selecionados para a tolerância ao Al foram avaliados quanto a essa característica em solução nutritiva. Foi utilizada, como parâmetro de comparação da tolerância ao Al, a média de recrescimento radicular após a exposição ao Al. O recrescimento da raiz principal dos genótipos elite foi comparado com os controles UFRGS17, considerado tolerante e UFRGS930598-6, sensível. Foram avaliadas as linhagens UFRGS057005-1 e UFRGS057022-2, e as cultivares comerciais 'URSGuria', 'URSTorena', 'URSPenca', 'URSGuará', 'URS Charrua', 'URSTarimba', 'URSTaura', 'URSGuapa' e 'URS21'. A amplitude de recrescimento da raiz dentro de cada genótipo foi elevada, sendo a menor de 15mm e a maior de 44mm. As cultivares 'URSCharrua' e 'URSGuapa' demonstraram tolerância superior a 'UFRGS17'. URSTarimba, apesar da média similar a UFRGS17, mostrou distribuição de frequência mais positiva. URSTorena, UFRGS0570005-1 e URSPenca classificaram-se como intermediários, sendo inferiores a UFRGS17. Nenhum dos genótipos elite apresentou médias de recrescimento igual ou inferior às obtidas pelo controle sensível, UFRGS930598-6.

  2. Exchangeable aluminum evaluation in acid soils Avaliação de alumínio trocável em solos ácidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cassio Hamilton Abreu Jr.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available One of the main factors limiting agricultural production in tropical climate regions is mainly related to the presence of exchangeable aluminum (Al3+ in highly weathered acid soils. Four methods of Al3+ determination extracted with neutral 1 mol L¹ KCl solution were evaluated: three colorimetric methods (aluminon plus ascorbic acid, and eriochrome cyanine R by FIA and the usual titrimetric method with back-titration. Surface samples from 20 soils of different Brazilian regions, with active acidity (0.01 mol L¹ CaCl2 pH ranging from very high to medium (3.82 to 5.52, were used. The variance analysis revealed significant interaction among Al3+ determination methods and soil. Mean methods comparisons within each soil (Tukey, P 10 mmol c dm³. Among colorimetric methods, in operational terms, the eriochrome with FIA method presented analytical performance up to 50 samples per hour, easiness and sensibility for routine Al analysis in soil samples. However, due to the specificity, the titration/back-titration method should be used, despite the moroseness, when the Al3+ ions are the objective.Um dos principais fatores que afetam a produção agrícola em regiões de clima tropical, é a presença de alumínio trocável (Al3+ em solos ácidos altamente intemperizados. Foram avaliados quatro métodos de determinação de alumínio trocável em solução neutra de KCl 1 mol L¹: três métodos colorimétricos (aluminon, aluminon + ácido ascórbico e eriocromo cianina R por FIA e o método titulométrico usual com retrotitulação ácida. Para obtenção dos extratos de KCl, foram usadas amostras superficiais de 20 solos de diferentes regiões brasileiras, com acidez ativa (pH em CaCl2 0,01 mol L¹ variando de muito alta a média (3,82 a 5,52. A análise de variância revelou interação significativa entre os métodos de determinação e amostras de solos. O teste de médias (Tukey, P 10 mmol c dm³. Dentre os métodos colorimétricos, o reagente

  3. Aditivos de secagem para concretos refratários: pó de alumínio e fibras poliméricas Drying additives for refractory castables: aluminum powder and polymeric fibers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Salomão

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Concretos refratários são usualmente materiais de baixas porosidade e permeabilidade. Devido a isso, a retirada da água adicionada às formulações durante a mistura deve ser feita de modo cuidadoso para minimizar os riscos de explosão e danos mecânicos envolvidos. Por outro lado, a crescente utilização de concretos refratários em revestimentos de calcinadores para a indústria de alumínio e o período de lucro cessante durante essa etapa do processamento desses materiais indica que programas de aquecimento otimizados possam se tornar um importante diferencial competitivo para as empresas. Na tentativa de conciliar esses aspectos, aditivos para facilitar o processo de secagem e torná-lo mais seguro foram desenvolvidos. Entre os principais, destacam-se o pó de alumínio, as fibras poliméricas convencionais e as de alto desempenho. Neste trabalho, são apresentados seus mecanismos de atuação e comparações em relação às condições que otimizam seu desempenho.Refractory castables are low porosity and permeability materials. Due to this, the first heat up must be carried out in a careful way in order to avoid the risks of explosive spalling and mechanical damages during the water withdrawn. On the other hand, the growing use of refractory castables in the aluminum industry, as calciners lining, and the lack of production during their placement indicate that optimized heating schedules may become an important competitive advantage to the companies. In order to join these two aspects, additives to easy the drying process and to make it safer were developed. These drying additives behave, generally, increasing the castable permeability in a more controlled way. The most important ones are the aluminum powder and the polymeric fibers. In the present work, their mechanisms and the most suitable processing condition for their use are presented.

  4. Elustatud mälupiltide õhtu / Hannes Oja ; fotod: Hannes Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Hannes

    2004-01-01

    16. okt. 2004 tähistati Torontos Tartu College'is Eestist põgenemise 60. aastapäeva üritusega "Teel tundmatusse tulevikku", oma põgenemismälestusi rääkisid Tartu College'i Elulugude Kirjutajate Rühma liikmed, kelle memuaaridest on äsja ilmunud ka raamatu "Mälutunglad" III köide

  5. Tolerância de cultivares de arroz a diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva Rice cultivars tolerance to different levels of aluminum in nutrient solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo

    1983-01-01

    Full Text Available Em condições controladas de crescimento, foram estudados 22 cultivares de arroz, em soluções nutritivas com temperaturas de 25 ± 1°C e 30 ± 1°C, com cinco diferentes níveis de alumínio, em recipientes de 8,3 litros com 330 plântulas por recipiente. A tolerância foi medida pela capacidade de as raízes primárias continuar a crescer, em solução sem alumínio, após um período de 72 horas em solução contendo uma concentração conhecida de alumínio. Nas soluções nutritivas com temperatura de 25 ± 1°C, os cultivares IAC-899 e IR-841 foram sensíveis a 10mg/litro de Al3+; IR-43, IR-45 e IR-8, foram sensíveis a 20mg/litro de Al3+; CICA-4 e IR-42, a 40mg/litro de Al3+, e IAC-435, IAC-164, Pérola, Batatais, Pratão Precoce, Blue Bonnet, IAC-120, IAC-47, IAC-1246, IAC-25, IAC-165, Pratão, Dourado Precoce e CICA-8 foram tolerantes a 40mg/litro de Al3+. Quando foram utilizadas soluções nutritivas com temperatura de 30 ± 1°C, todos os cultivares de arroz estudados apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento radicular do que a 25 ± 1°C e se mostraram tolerantes a 5, 10 e 20mg/litro de Al3+. Com a concentração de 40mg/litro de Al3+, os cultivares Dourado Precoce, CICA-4, IR-42, IR-43, IR-45, IR-8, IAC-899, IR-665-4-5-5 e IR-841 foram sensíveis; IAC-47, Blue Bonnet, IAC-1246, IAC-164, Pratão, Pratão Precoce, CICA-8, IAC-435, IAC-120, IAC-25, IAC-165, Pérola e Batatais, tolerantes. A presença do alumínio nas soluções nutritivas foi prejudicial a todos os cultivares tolerantes e sensíveis. Os dados obtidos permitiram classificar os cultivares estudados nas seguintes classes de tolerância ao alumínio: tolerantes: IAC-435, IAC-120, IAC-47, IAC-1246, IAC-25, IAC-165, IAC-164, Pérola, Batatais, Pratão Precoce, Blue Bonnet; moderadamente tolerantes: Pratão, Dourado Precoce e CICA-8, e sensíveis: CICA-4, IR-42, IR-43, IR-45, IR-8, IAC-899, IR-665-4-5-5 e IR-841.Twenty two rice cultivars were studied in nutrient solution in

  6. Desempenho de genótipos de aveia branca em resposta ao estresse por alumínio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solange Ferreira da Silveira Silveira

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A aveia branca (Avena sativa L. é uma cultura que tem um papel importante no sistema de produção de grãos e integração lavoura-pecuária, no entanto, em algumas regiões brasileiras, o pleno estabelecimento e desenvolvimento dessa cultura, bem como o aumento de produtividade são inviabilizados pelo excesso de alumínio (Al nos solos. A avaliação de caracteres de plântulas de aveia desenvolvidas sob cultivo hidropônico com adoção de solução nutritiva mínima pode ser eficiente para classificar genótipos sensíveis e tolerantes ao Al. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho de 10 genótipos de aveia submetidos ao estresse por Al, baseando-se na análise da retomada do crescimento da raiz, com uso de solução mínima e identificando quais caracteres se mantêm correlacionados. Foram adotadas diferentes doses de Al (0, 3, 6, e 9 mg L-1 de Al. Com uso de solução mínima, a dose de 6 mg L-1 de Al é a mais adequada na diferenciação de genótipos sensíveis e tolerantes. Dentre os genótipos estudados, UFRGS 14, UFRGS 19 e URS Guapa são os mais tolerantes e UPFA 20, UPF 18 e IAC 7, os mais sensíveis ao Al. Com o objetivo de classificar genótipos de aveia entre sensíveis e tolerantes ao Al, nenhuma outra variável pode ser utilizada em substituição à retomada do crescimento da raiz.

  7. Enteric virus removal inactivation by coal-based media

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gupta, A.; Chaudhuri, M. [Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (India). Dept. of Civil Engineering

    1995-02-01

    Four coal-based media, viz. alum-pretreated or ferric hydroxide-impregnated Giridih bituminous coal and lignite (alum-GBC, Fe-GBC; alum-lignite and Fe-Lignite) were laboratory tested to assess their potential in removing/inactivating enteric viruses in water. Batch-sorption screening tests, employing a poliovirus-spiked canal water, indicated high poliovirus sorption by Fe-GBC and alum-GBC in a short contact time of 5 min. Based on the results of further batch-sorption tests, using silver incorporated media (alum/Ag-GBC, alum-GBC-Ag and Fe-GBC-Ag), as well as aesthetic water quality consideration and previous findings on removal of coliforms and turbidity, alum/Ag-GBC, alum-GBC and alum-GBC-AG were included in downflow column studies employing poliovirus-spiked canal water. All three media showed potential in removing/inactivating enteric viruses. In a separate column study employing a joint challenge of poliovirus and rotavirus, alum/Ag-GBC removed 59.3-86.5% of the viruses along with more than 99% reduction in indigenous heterotrophic bacteria. Alum/silver-pretreated bituminous coal medium appears promising for use in household water filters in rural areas of the developing world. However, improved medium preparation to further enhance its efficiency is needed; also, its efficacy in removing/inactivating indigenous enteric bacteria, viruses and protozoa has to be ensured and practicalities or economics of application need to be considered.

  8. Exhibition

    CERN Multimedia

    Staff Association

    2016-01-01

    Encounters Hanne Blitz From February 1st to 12th 2016 CERN Meyrin, Main Building What is our reaction to a first encounter with a tourist attraction? Contemporary Dutch painter Hanne Blitz captures visitors' responses to art and architecture, sweeping vistas and symbolic memorials. Encounters, a series of oil paintings curated specially for this CERN exhibition, depicts tourists visiting cultural highlights around the world. A thought-provoking journey not to be missed, and a tip of the hat to CERN's large Hadron Collider.

  9. ヒマラヤにおける草地利用

    OpenAIRE

    本江, 昭夫

    1996-01-01

    In the Himalayas, domesticated yak is fed at an altitudinal range of 3,000 to 5,000m. Below this zone, the cow is more common. Hybrids are fed at an intermediate zone. In order to analyze the genetic basis of milk protein variation, milk samples were taken from the nak (female yak), cow and their hybrid. By principle component analysis, yak and a highland type of cow (kirmcome) were clearly distinguished from midland (shakzam) and lowland (palang) cows. Local Sherpa people may produce suitabl...

  10. Antigen-based therapy with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) vaccine in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised double-blind trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wherrett, Diane K; Bundy, Brian; Becker, Dorothy J; DiMeglio, Linda A; Gitelman, Stephen E; Goland, Robin; Gottlieb, Peter A; Greenbaum, Carla J; Herold, Kevan C; Marks, Jennifer B; Monzavi, Roshanak; Moran, Antoinette; Orban, Tihamer; Palmer, Jerry P; Raskin, Philip; Rodriguez, Henry; Schatz, Desmond; Wilson, Darrell M; Krischer, Jeffrey P; Skyler, Jay S

    2011-07-23

    Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a major target of the autoimmune response that occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In animal models of autoimmunity, treatment with a target antigen can modulate aggressive autoimmunity. We aimed to assess whether immunisation with GAD formulated with aluminum hydroxide (GAD-alum) would preserve insulin production in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Patients aged 3-45 years who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for less than 100 days were enrolled from 15 sites in the USA and Canada, and randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: three injections of 20 μg GAD-alum, two injections of 20 μg GAD-alum and one of alum, or 3 injections of alum. Injections were given subcutaneously at baseline, 4 weeks later, and 8 weeks after the second injection. The randomisation sequence was computer generated at the TrialNet coordinating centre. Patients and study personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome was the baseline-adjusted geometric mean area under the curve (AUC) of serum C-peptide during the first 2 h of a 4-h mixed meal tolerance test at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included changes in glycated haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and insulin dose, and safety. Analysis included all randomised patients with known measurements. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00529399. 145 patients were enrolled and treated with GAD-alum (n=48), GAD-alum plus alum (n=49), or alum (n=48). At 1 year, the 2-h AUC of C-peptide, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline C-peptide value, was 0·412 nmol/L (95% CI 0·349-0·478) in the GAD-alum group, 0·382 nmol/L (0·322-0·446) in the GAD-alum plus alum group, and 0·413 nmol/L (0·351-0·477) in the alum group. The ratio of the population mean of the adjusted geometric mean 2-h AUC of C-peptide was 0·998 (95% CI 0·779-1·22; p=0·98) for GAD-alum versus alum, and 0·926 (0·720-1·13; p=0·50) for GAD-alum plus alum versus alum. HbA(1c), insulin use, and

  11. Preventiivne lähenemine ja empaatia on kriisikommunikatsiooni võtmesõnad / Kairi Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Kairi

    2016-01-01

    Lux Expressi reisibussiga juhtunud õnnetuse kriisikommunikatsioonist. Kogemuse põhjal tehtud muudatustest kriisiolukordadega paremaks toimetulekuks. Vestlusest Lux Express Grupi juhatuse esimehe Hannes Sarapuuga

  12. Penyamakan kulit lapis samak kombinasi dengan bahan penyamak alumunium sebagai bahan penyamak pendahuluan

    OpenAIRE

    Bambang Oetojo

    1987-01-01

    As a tanning material alum salt has similar properties of the basic chromium sulphate. It is, therefore, the purpose of this research is to exchange chromium tannage with alum tannage in pretanning for the vegetable tanned lining leather. In doing such a way the chromium pollution may be eliminated, whereas the alum pretanned lining leather output must be fulfill the physical and chemical requirements as that one of the chrome pretanned. In pretanning the use of alum tannage varied from 2,5%...

  13. Penyamakan Kulit Lapis Samak Kombinasi Dengan Bahan Penyamak Alumunium Sebagai Bahan Penyamak Pendahuluan

    OpenAIRE

    Oetojo, Bambang

    1987-01-01

    As a tanning material alum salt has similar properties of the basic chromium sulphate. It is, therefore, the purpose of this research is to exchange chromium tannage with alum tannage in pretanning for the vegetable tanned lining leather. In doing such a way the chromium pollution may be eliminated, whereas the alum pretanned lining leather output must be fulfill the physical and chemical requirements as that one of the chrome pretanned. In pretanning the use of alum tannage varied from 2,5%...

  14. Avaliação de variáveis fisiológicas em porta-enxertos de videira cultivados em solução nutritiva com a adição de alumínio Physiologic variables evaluation in grapevine roostocks grown in nutritive solution with aluminum addition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antonio Tecchio

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Realizou-se este experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta dos porta-enxertos de videira IAC 313 "Tropical" e IAC 572 "Jales" a diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva. A condução do experimento foi realizada em condições de casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Área de Horticultura, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP/Botucatu. Utilizaram-se cinco níveis de alumínio, a saber: 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 mg L-1. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, realizaram-se coletas a cada 15 dias para obtenção das variáveis fisiológicas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de parcelas subdivididas, inteiramente casualizado e com 3 repetições. Avaliaram-se as variáveis: taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo, razão de massa foliar e relação parte aérea/raízes. Concluiu-se que o porta-enxerto IAC 572 "Jales", quando submetido ao nível de 10mg Al L-1 na solução, apresentou maior taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo, e maior redistribuição de massa seca das folhas para o restante da planta, ao passo que o porta-enxerto IAC 313 "Tropical", quando submetido a esse nível de alumínio, apresentou um decréscimo acentuado nessas variáveis.The experiment aimed to evaluate the behavior of the grapevine rootstocks IAC 313 "Tropical" and IAC 572 "Jales" in nutrient solution with different aluminium concentrations. The experiment was conducted in green house conditions of the Vegetal Production Department/Horticulture Sector, of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP/Botucatu. Five aluminium levels were used, as known: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40mg L-1in the form of AlCl3.6H2O. The samples were colleted every 15 days to obtain the physiologic variables. The experimental design adopted was the subdivided split-plots, fully randomized and with 3 replications. The variables evaluated were: absolute and relative growth rates, leaf weight and aerial parts/root ratio. The IAC 572 "Jales" rootstock

  15. Reducing phosphorus runoff and inhibiting ammonia loss from poultry manure with aluminum sulfate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moore, P.A. Jr.; Daniel, T.C.; Edwards, D.R.

    2000-02-01

    Applications of aluminum sulfate (Al{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} {center_dot} 14H{sub 2}O), commonly referred to as alum, to poultry litter have been shown to decrease P runoff from lands fertilized with litter and to inhibit NH{sub 3} volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of alum applications in commercial broiler houses on: (1) NH{sub 3} volatilization (in-house), (2) poultry production, (3) litter chemistry, and (4) P runoff following litter application. Two farms were used for this study: one had six poultry houses and the other had four. The litter in half of the houses at each farm was treated with alum; the other houses were controls. Alum was applied at a rate of 1,816 kg/house, which corresponded to 0.091 kg/bird. Each year the houses were cleaned in the spring and the litter was broadcast onto paired watersheds in tall fescue at each farm. Results from this study showed that alum applications lowered the litter pH, particularly during the first 3 to 4 wk of each growout. Reductions in litter pH resulted in less NH{sub 3} volatilization, which led to reductions in atmospheric NH{sub 3} in the alum-treated houses. Broilers grown on alum-treated litter were significantly heavier than controls (1.73 kg vs. 1.66 kg). Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in runoff from pastures fertilized with alum-treated litter averaged 73% lower than that from normal litter throughout a 3-yr period. These results indicate that alum-treatment of poultry litter is a very effective best management practice that reduces nonpoint source pollution while it increases agricultural productivity.

  16. "Fidelio" suurlavastuses astub lavale Ludwig van Beethoven ise / Andres Laasik

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Laasik, Andres, 1960-2016

    2007-01-01

    26. augustil Viinistus esietenduvast Nargen Opera egiidi all valmivast ooperist "Fidelio", lavastaja Liis Kolle. Ooperi autorit kehastavad Peeter Oja, Tarmo Leinatamm, Hannes Võrno. Muusikaline juht Tõnu Kaljuste

  17. Täna avab kesklinnas uksed uus kaubatänav / Oliver Õunmaa

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Õunmaa, Oliver

    2007-01-01

    Jõukamale ja eneseteadlikule ostjale mõeldud kaubanduskeskusest Foorum Tallinnas Narva mnt. Sisearhitekt Hannes Praks. Foorumi projekti autorid Hanno Grossschmidt ja Tomomi Hayashi arhitektuuribüroost HG Arhitektuur

  18. Eesti dokumentaalfilm võitis USAs auhinna

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2003-01-01

    Renita ja Hannes Lintropi dokumentaalfilm "Läbi pimeduse" Sompa kaevanduse kaevurist Aleksandr Gomanist sai Texases toimunud 36th Annual WorldFest-Huston filmifestivalil dokumentaalfilmide võistlussarjas Silver Remi auhinna

  19. Kiviõli seikluskeskuse teenindushoone = Kiviõli adventure centre service building / Koit Ojaliiv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ojaliiv, Koit, 1980-

    2015-01-01

    Kiviõli seikluskeskuse teenindushoone Mäepealse tee 1, valminud 2014. Hoone arhitekt Koit Ojaliiv (Kuu Arhitektid), sisekujundus Hannes Praks ja Eeva Masso (Kohvi OÜ). 2014. aasta Kultuurkapitali Arhitektuuripreemia kandidaat

  20. Ministeerium taotleb TV3 vastu porno pärast kriminaalasja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2000-01-01

    [Telesaate Kahvel jututuba]. TV 3 saatejuhid Kiur Aarma ja Hannes Võrno ei teadnud isegi, et pornokuningas Aivar Palumäe väljapakutud lesbiarmastuse teemalises saates kunstpeenise kasutamiseni minnakse

  1. Adjuvant effects of aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed allergens and allergoids – differences in vivo and in vitro

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heydenreich, B; Bellinghausen, I; Lund, L; Henmar, H; Lund, G; Adler Würtzen, P; Saloga, J

    2014-01-01

    Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a clinically effective therapy for immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergic diseases. To reduce the risk of IgE-mediated side effects, chemically modified allergoids have been introduced. Furthermore, adsorbance of allergens to aluminium hydroxide (alum) is widely used to enhance the immune response. The mechanisms behind the adjuvant effect of alum are still not completely understood. In the present study we analysed the effects of alum-adsorbed allergens and allergoids on their immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo and their ability to activate basophils of allergic donors. Human monocyte derived dendritic cells (DC) were incubated with native Phleum pratense or Betula verrucosa allergen extract or formaldehyde-or glutaraldehyde-modified allergoids, adsorbed or unadsorbed to alum. After maturation, DC were co-cultivated with autologous CD4+ T cells. Allergenicity was tested by leukotriene and histamine release of human basophils. Finally, in-vivo immunogenicity was analysed by IgG production of immunized mice. T cell proliferation as well as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ production were strongly decreased using glutaraldehyde-modified allergoids, but did not differ between alum-adsorbed allergens or allergoids and the corresponding unadsorbed preparations. Glutaraldehyde modification also led to a decreased leukotriene and histamine release compared to native allergens, being further decreased by adsorption to alum. In vivo, immunogenicity was reduced for allergoids which could be partly restored by adsorption to alum. Our results suggest that adsorption of native allergens or modified allergoids to alum had no consistent adjuvant effect but led to a reduced allergenicity in vitro, while we observed an adjuvant effect regarding IgG production in vivo. PMID:24528247

  2. Adjuvant effects of aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed allergens and allergoids - differences in vivo and in vitro.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heydenreich, B; Bellinghausen, I; Lund, L; Henmar, H; Lund, G; Adler Würtzen, P; Saloga, J

    2014-06-01

    Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a clinically effective therapy for immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergic diseases. To reduce the risk of IgE-mediated side effects, chemically modified allergoids have been introduced. Furthermore, adsorbance of allergens to aluminium hydroxide (alum) is widely used to enhance the immune response. The mechanisms behind the adjuvant effect of alum are still not completely understood. In the present study we analysed the effects of alum-adsorbed allergens and allergoids on their immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo and their ability to activate basophils of allergic donors. Human monocyte derived dendritic cells (DC) were incubated with native Phleum pratense or Betula verrucosa allergen extract or formaldehyde- or glutaraldehyde-modified allergoids, adsorbed or unadsorbed to alum. After maturation, DC were co-cultivated with autologous CD4(+) T cells. Allergenicity was tested by leukotriene and histamine release of human basophils. Finally, in-vivo immunogenicity was analysed by IgG production of immunized mice. T cell proliferation as well as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ production were strongly decreased using glutaraldehyde-modified allergoids, but did not differ between alum-adsorbed allergens or allergoids and the corresponding unadsorbed preparations. Glutaraldehyde modification also led to a decreased leukotriene and histamine release compared to native allergens, being further decreased by adsorption to alum. In vivo, immunogenicity was reduced for allergoids which could be partly restored by adsorption to alum. Our results suggest that adsorption of native allergens or modified allergoids to alum had no consistent adjuvant effect but led to a reduced allergenicity in vitro, while we observed an adjuvant effect regarding IgG production in vivo. © 2014 British Society for Immunology.

  3. Effects of aluminum on plant growth and nutrient uptake in young physic nut plantsEfeitos do alumínio no crescimento e na absorção de nutrientes em plantas jovens de pinhão-manso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Alexandre Lopes Dranski

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Aluminum (Al3+ toxicity is a major limiting factor to crop productivity in acid soils. The effects of aluminum on root and shoot growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L. young plants and, the uptake and distribution of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and aluminum in the roots and shoots were investigated in the present study. Plants were grown in 2.5L pots in a greenhouse. After fourteen days of adaptation to nutrient solution, plants were exposed to Al concentrations of 0, 370, 740, 1,100 and 1,480 ?mol L–1, corresponding to an active Al3+ solution of 13.3, 35.3, 90.0, 153.3 and 220.7 ?mol L–1, respectively. The dry matter partitioning between roots, stems and leaves, and the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Al in plant tissue, were measured after 75 days exposure to Al. The increasing level of Al3+ activity in solution progressively decreased the growth of the shoot and root of physic nut plants, and at the two highest active Al3+ levels, plants showed morphological abnormalities typical of the toxicity caused by this metal. Higher Al3+ activity reduced P concentrations in leaves and Ca and Mg in leaves and roots of physic nut, demonstrating the effect of Al on the uptake, transport and use of these nutrients by plants. The Al accumulated preferentially in the roots of physic nut, whereas only a small amount was transported to shoots.A toxicidade de alumínio (Al3+ é um dos principais fatores que limitam a produtividade das culturas em solos ácidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do alumínio no crescimento e na absorção de fósforo, cálcio, magnésio e alumínio em plantas jovens de pinhão-manso, cultivadas em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 2,5 L e as plantas crescidas em casa de vegetação. Após 14 dias de adaptação em solução nutritiva, as plantas foram submetidas a concentrações de Al de: 0; 370; 740; 1.110 e 1.480 ?mol L–1, que corresponderam a atividade de Al3+ em solução de

  4. Chemical composition of patikaraparpam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saraswathy, A; Rani, M G; Susan, T; Purushothaman, K K

    1997-04-01

    Patikaraparpam, a Siddha formulation in prepared by trituration of potash alum with egg albumin followed by calcinatin. The three authentic laboratories made parpams as well as six commercial samples have been examined for their chemical composition. The analytical data that emerged from the analysis of the above samples showed that seven parpams contained only aluminium sulphate and they did respond to tests for potassium. An inspection of the crude drugs patikaram' available in the market established that potash alum and ammonia alum are indiscriminateldy taken for use, according to literature, only potash alum should be used in Indian system of medicine. Patikarapparapam is indicated in urinary inflammations and obstructions and is a reputed diuretic. Potassium salts are established diuretic. These studies show that the raw drugs sellers, the pharamaceutists or manufacturers of medicine and the physician as well should make sure that only potash alum is used in Indian medicine.

  5. Kümne aasta tõsiseim kriis / Sirje Rank

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rank, Sirje, 1966-

    2008-01-01

    Venemaa investeerimisfirma KIT Finance pankrotiohtu sattumine käivitas paanika Vene börsil. Suurfirmade juhid ootavad valitsuselt otsustavamaid samme olukorra pidurdamiseks. Vt. samas: KIT Finance; Hannes Sarv. Esimene kukkuja

  6. Growth of citrus rootstocks under aluminium stress in hydroponics Crescimento de porta-enxertos de citros submetidos a estresse por alumínio, em cultivo hidropônico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter Esfrain Pereira

    2003-02-01

    Full Text Available Plants present different degrees of adaptation to aluminium (Al concentrations in the soil, and the understanding of this characteristic can lead to a viable option for the utilization of acid soils. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of five Al concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mumol L-1 on the growth of 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck and 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Hort. ex Tan., and tangerine rootstocks 'Cleópatra' (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan and 'Sunki' (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan., in hydroponic culture. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. For all rootstocks, the relative growth rate in terms of plant total fresh matter increased under low and, decreased under large Al concentrations. Growth of the shoot, leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio decreased for all rootstocks in the presence of Al. The 'Rangpur' lime had a decrease of the root system growth, starting from 23 mumol L-1 of Al. For the remaining rootstocks, this growth reached maximum values at 91 to 117 mumol L-1 of Al, respectively. Considering all the evaluated characteristics of plant growth, the 'Rangpur' lime was the most susceptible to Al.As plantas apresentam diferentes graus de tolerância aos efeitos tóxicos do alumínio (Al, e a exploração dessa característica pode ser uma opção viável para a utilização dos solos ácidos. Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de cinco concentrações de alumínio (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mimol L-1 de Al sobre o crescimento dos porta-enxertos limoeiros 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck e 'Volkameriano' (Citrus volkameriana Hort. ex Tan., e tangerineiras 'Cleópatra' (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan e 'Sunki' (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan. em cultivo hidropônico. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Em todos os porta-enxertos, a taxa relativa

  7. Hibiscus rosa- sinensis leaf extract as coagulant aid in leachate treatment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Awang, Nik Azimatolakma; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul

    2012-12-01

    Hibiscus rosa- sinensis is a biodegradable material that has remained untested for flocculating properties. The objective of this study is to examine the efficiency of coagulation-flocculation processes for the removal of color, iron (Fe3+), suspended solids, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N), from landfill leachate using 4,000 mg/L alum in conjunction with H. rosa- sinensis leaf extract (HBaqs). Hydroxyl (O-H) and (carboxyl) C=O functional groups along the HBaqs chain help to indulge flocculating efficiency of HBaqs via bridging. The experiments confirm the positive coagulation properties of HBaqs. The Fe3+ removal rate using 4,000 mg/L alum as sole coagulant was approximately 60 %, and increased to 100 % when 4,000 mg/L alum was mixed with 500 mg/L HBaqs. By mixing, 4,000 mg/L alum with 100-500 mg/L HBaqs, 72 % of SS was removed as compared with only 45 % reduction using 4,000 mg/L alum as sole coagulant.

  8. Sewage water pollutants removal efficiency correlates to the concentration gradient of amendments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhatti, Z.A.; Mahmood, Q.; Raja, I.A.

    2009-01-01

    Three coagulants viz. alum, FeCl/sub 3/ and Moringa oleifera seed extract were compared for treating municipal wastewater. The wastewater samples were collected from a drain near the Murree Road in Abbottabad city. The initial treatment depicted that alum was a suitable coagulant, while the other two caused color development and increased chemical oxygen demand in the effluent. Subsequently, wastewater samples were treatment with graded concentrations (4 32 mg.L/sup -1/ of alum in batch series, and shacked at 600-620 rpm for five minutes. The treated samples were analyzed for various water quality parameters to examine the effective coagulation and flocculation process in the wastewater. There was an increase in TDS and electrical conductivity with the increasing levels of alum above the optimized values (22 to 30 mg L/sup -1/). The process primary treatment strategy of wastewater treatment with alum is suitable for reducing the pollutants load in the sewer system. (author)

  9. "Kreisiraadio" seltskond alustas heategevust

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Sihtasutus Eesti Rahvuskultuuri Fond (ERKF) ja Hannes Võrno, Tarmo Leinatamm, Peeter Oja sõlmisid lepingu, millega ERKF-i juurde moodustatakse Kreisiraadio fond. Müüki jõudis fondi rahastamiseks "Kreisiraadio" esimene duubelplaat

  10. Kinobuss hakkas koolitama filmiõpetajaid

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2006-01-01

    9. jaan. alustas Kinobuss õpetajatele mõeldud kursusega "Teaching with animation. Õpetamine animatsiooniga", mis on esimene neljast 2006.a. toimuvast koolitusest. Töötuba peavad Mikk Rand ja Hanne Pedersen Taanist

  11. Kinobuss hakkab õpetajaid koolitama

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2006-01-01

    9. jaan. alustas Kinobuss õpetajatele mõeldud kursusega "Teaching with animation. Õpetamine animatsiooniga", mis on esimene neljast 2006.a. toimuvast koolitusest. Töötuba peavad Mikk Rand ja Hanne Pedersen Taanist

  12. Coagulation-flocculation studies of laboratory wastewater using different combinations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Butt, M. T.; Khan, R. A.; Khokar, A.; Iqbal, K.

    2013-01-01

    This study was conducted on the wastewater of PCSIR Laboratories complex Lahore. Both single as well as blended form was used in order to achieve maximum results and to reduce the cost. These experiments were conducted in Hudson Jars of one liter capacity using the coagulation technique for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. The pH range was 6-8 and 4-10 for treatment. Four coagulants were used such as FeCl 3 , AlCl 3 . Alum and FeSO 4 , to remove the turbidity in single and blended form. Results of single coagulant are FeCl 3 from 39.7 to 11.51 NTU; AlCl 3 from 47.48 to 11.8 NTU. Alum 43 to 25.3NTU.FeSO 4 showed increasing trend in turbidity 53 to 120 NTU. The blended set of coagulants AlCl 3 +Alum turbidity from 45 to 18.55 NTU. The AlCl 3 and FeCl 3 showed almost similar results but after overnight settling results were excellent and alum showed also good results. The turbidity was removed from 54 to 27 NTU, 48 to 22 NTU, 44 to 17 NTU, and after overnight settling 33 to 4 NTU. The results of blended coagulants FeCl 3 +AlCl 3 after one, two and three hours settling were also studied and found best and blend AlCl3+Alum showed also similar trend and the blend of Alum+FeCl 3 after overnight settling was excellent. The same coagulants and its blended form were used for TSS removal and results are 278 to 7 mg/L, in blended form AlCl 3 +Alum show similar results but Alum + FeCl 3 showed excellent results. The TSS and turbidity removal was 87%, 97.5%. (author)

  13. A million trees for joining Europe / Aleksei Gunter

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Gunter, Aleksei, 1979-

    2004-01-01

    Mai esimesel nädalal istutavad laulu- ja tantsupeost osavõtjad ligikaudu miljon uut puuistikut. Kommentaarid metsaistutamise eestvedajatelt, Eesti Laulu- ja Tantsupeo Fondi esinaiselt Aet Maateelt ja EL-i infosekretariaadi juhilt Hannes Rummilt

  14. Eesti filmid võistlevad Rjazanis

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2002-01-01

    Rjazanis 22.-31. maini toimuval festivalil "Zolotoi Vitjaz" on konkursikavas ka Jaak Kilmi ja Andres Maimiku "Päkapikudisko", Hannes ja Renita Lintropi "Läbi pimeduse" ja Peeter Simmi "Elu pärast maailmalõppu"

  15. Vabariigi aastapäev Buffalos / Edgar Zirna ; foto: Virve

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Zirna, Edgar

    2006-01-01

    25. veebruaril Morgan restoranis Buffalo Eestlaste Koondise ja E.E.L.K. Buffalo Pauluse koguduse korraldusel. Avasõna koondise esimehelt Peeter Ojalt, koraali esitas Andres Raudsepp, vaimulik Hannes Aasa palvele järgnes eeskava

  16. Haruldused moekateedris / Kaidi Malk

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Malk, Kaidi

    1997-01-01

    Eesti Kunstiakadeemia moeosakonnas 1967-1996 õppinud 10 meesüliõpilasest: Gennadi Skvartsov, mongol Tsendsuren Badamsureni, Len Girin, Kalju Kivi, Ivo Nikkolo, Andrei Jakovlev, Tarvo Jaansoo, Hannes Võrno, Andrus Paumeri, Andro Kööp

  17. Rehepapid ja peremehed / Hannes Astok

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Astok, Hannes, 1964-

    2007-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Järva Teataja, 26. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Võrumaa Teataja, 26. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Vooremaa, 26. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Põhjarannik, 26. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Severnoje Poberezhje, 26. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Lääne Elu, 26. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Pärnu Postimees, 27. apr. 2007, lk. 15; Hiiu Leht, 27. apr. 2007, lk. 2; Koit, 28. apr. 2007, lk. 6; Sakala, 8. mai 2007, lk. 2. Parlamendiliige mõtestab lahti intellektuaalse omandi päeva mõtte

  18. Külgeklammerdatud rahastamine / Hannes Vallikivi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Vallikivi, Hannes, 1974-

    2007-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Finansovõi Menedzhment : infovõpusk nr. 16 juuli lk. 21. Rahastamisettepanek (stapled financing) on müügiprotsessi osa, mille puhul pakub müüja finantsnõustaja ise oma tehingule finantseerimist või hangib laenupakkumise kolmandalt isikult

  19. "Hvem er egentlig Hade-Hanne?"

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Farø, Ken Joensen

    2005-01-01

    contemporary and firmly situated within the public sphere. Since the category is defined here as (quasi) lexicalized, non-official names used in print and electronic media, this is of course not coincidential. Drawing on a large, morphologically systematized corpus material showing the productivity...... of the category in Danish, the author discusses the relevance of the proposed category in onomastics. He also points to a number of theoretical problems related to this new notion whose main function seems to be “pseudo-intimacy”. One highly relevant question deserving the attention of future anthropo...

  20. Kauplus Rahva Raamat Tartus = Rahva Raamat bookstore in Tartu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2009-01-01

    Tartus vaba aja keskuses Tasku asuva kaupluse Rahva Raamat sisekujundusest. Sisearhitektid Hannes Praks, Eeva Masso ja Kristjan Holm on projekteerinud ka kogu mööbli. Sisearhitektide tähtsamate tööde loetelu

  1. Kuidas on põllumajandus kohanenud strukturaalsete muutustega?

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2014-01-01

    Ants-Hannes Viir kaitses Eesti Maaülikoolis doktoritööd teemal "Eesti põllumajanduse strukturaalne kohanemine - institutsionaalsete muutuste ja põllumajandusettevõtete kasvu, kahanemist ning tegevuse lõpetamist mõjutavate sotsiaalmajanduslike tegurite osa"

  2. Removal of total suspended solid by natural coagulant derived from cassava peel waste

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohd-Asharuddin, S.; Othman, N.; Mohd-Zin, N. S.; Tajarudin, H. A.

    2018-04-01

    The present study was aimed to investigate the performance of starch derived from cassava peel waste as primary coagulant and coagulant aid. Comparable study was also conducted using commercially used aluminium sulfate (alum) as primary coagulant. A series of Jar tests were performed using raw water from Sembrong Barat water treatment plant. It was observed that coagulation test using cassava peel starch (CPS) alone had unappreciable removing ability. However, it was found that combination of alum-CPS successfully achieve up to 90.48% of total suspended solid (TSS) removal under optimized working conditions (pH 9, 7.5mg/L : 100 mg/L of alum : CPS dosage, rapid mixing of 200 rpm for 1 minute; 100 rpm for 2 minutes, slow mixing of 25 rpm for 30 minutes and 30 minutes settling time). This remarks the reduction in alum dosage up to 50% compared to coagulation test using alum alone. Therefore this finding suggesting that CPS can be considered as potential source of sustainable and effective coagulant aid for water treatment especially in developing countries.

  3. Influential factors of formation kinetics of flocs produced by water treatment coagulants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Chunde; Wang, Lin; Hu, Bing; Ye, Jian

    2013-05-01

    The growth rate and size of floc formation is of great importance in water treatment especially in coagulation process. The floc formation kinetics and the coagulation efficiency of synthetic water were investigated by using an on-line continuous optical photometric dispersion analyze and the analysis of water quality. Experimental conditions such as alum dosage, pH value for coagulation, stirring intensity and initial turbidity were extensively examined. The photometric dispersion analyze results showed that coagulation of kaolin suspensions with two coagulants (alum and polyaluminium chloride) could be taken as a two-phase process: slow and rapid growth periods. Operating conditions with higher coagulant doses, appropriate pH and average shear rate might be particularly advantageous. The rate of overall floc growth was mainly determined by a combination of hydraulic and water quality conditions such as pH and turbidity. The measurement of zeta potential indicates that polyaluminium chloride exhibited higher charge-neutralizing ability than alum and achieved lower turbidities than alum for equivalent Al dosages. Under the same operating conditions, the alum showed a higher grow rate, but with smaller floc size.

  4. Lapsesuu või PR-guru? / Airi Ilisson

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ilisson, Airi, 1980-

    2007-01-01

    Justiitsminister Rein Lang on autori hinnangul tuntud oma ootamatute arvamustega. CV. Vt. samas: Skandaal: Kuidas Lang politseid ja allilma seostades tormi tekitas. Kommenteerivad: Hans H. Luik, Hannes Astok, Laine Jänes, Rein Kilk ja Ulvi Kuusk

  5. Sisearhitektuuri uudised / Aino Ingrid Sepp, Aale Kask

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sepp, Aino Ingrid

    2007-01-01

    Tallinnas lillesalongi Masha sisekujunduse autorid on Ahti Lyra ja Kristiine Lõuk. Pärnu ööklubi Str sisekujunduse autor on Hannes Praks. Tallinna Viru keskuse avatud baari sisekujunduse autorid on Kärt Villmann ja Andres Rohtla

  6. Use of non-Conventional Material to Remove Cu+2 ions from Aqueous Solutions using Chemical Coagulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muna Yousif Abdul. Ahad

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Coagulation - flocculation are basic chemical engineering method in the treatment of metal-bearing industrial wastewater because it removes colloidal particles, some soluble compounds and very fine solid suspensions initially present in the wastewater by destabilization and formation of flocs. This research was conducted to study the feasibility of using natural coagulant such as okra and mallow and chemical coagulant such as alum for removing Cu and increase the removal efficiency and reduce the turbidity of treated water. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR was carried out for okra and mallow before and after coagulant to determine their type of functional groups. Carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of okra and mallow were the major groups responsible for coagulation process. By using alum (conventional coagulants, okra and mallow (as a primary coagulant or in combination with the other two primary coagulants and by the jar testing, the optimum pH-value and dose of the coagulants were determined. The results indicated that the optimal pH values were 6.7, 8 and 6 for alum, okra and mallow, respectively. Mathematical modeling show significant results (sig.<0.05 for the % Cu removal (dependent variable with respect to coagulant dose (independent variable for the okra as a primary coagulant, alum with okra and alum with mallow as binary coagulants and alum, okra and mallow as ternary coagulants .

  7. Experimental additions of aluminum sulfate and ammonium nitrate to in situ mesocosms to reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Ted D.; Wilhelm, Frank M.; Graham, Jennifer L.; Loftin, Keith A.

    2014-01-01

    Recent studies suggest that nitrogen additions to increase the total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio may reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in reservoirs. In systems where TP is >100 μg/L, however, nitrogen additions to increase the TN:TP ratio could cause ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Reducing phosphorus via aluminum sulfate (alum) may be needed prior to nitrogen additions aimed at increasing the TN:TP ratio. We experimentally tested this sequential management approach in large in situ mesocosms (70.7 m3) to examine effects on cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration. Because alum removes nutrients and most seston from the water column, alum treatment reduced both TN and TP, leaving post-treatment TN:TP ratios similar to pre-treatment ratios. Cyanobacterial biovolume was reduced after alum addition, but the percent composition (i.e., relative) cyanobacterial abundance remained unchanged. A single ammonium nitrate (nitrogen) addition increased the TN:TP ratio 7-fold. After the TN:TP ratio was >50 (by weight), cyanobacterial biovolume and abundance were reduced, and chrysophyte and cryptophyte biovolume and abundance increased compared to the alum treatment. Microcystin was not detectable until the TN:TP ratio was <50. Although both treatments reduced cyanobacteria, only the nitrogen treatment seemed to stimulate energy flow from primary producers to zooplankton, which suggests that combining alum and nitrogen treatments may be a viable in-lake management strategy to reduce cyanobacteria and possibly microcystin concentrations in high-phosphorus systems. Additional studies are needed to define best management practices before combined alum and nitrogen additions are implemented as a reservoir management strategy.

  8. Efeito de três fertilizantes acidificantes sobre a concentração de alumínio e de manganês em folhas e raízes de cafeeiros Effect of three acidifying fertilizers on the concentration of aluminum and manganese on coffee leaves and roots

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferdinando Roberto Pupo de Moraes

    1979-01-01

    Full Text Available Foi determinada a concentração de alumínio e de manganês em folhas de cafeeiros cultivados em vasos com três solos diferentes e com aplicação de três fertilizantes nitrogenados acidificantes (nitrato de amônio, uréia e sulfato de amônio e um não acidificante (salitre-do-chile, além de dois tratamentos extras com corretivos de acidez e um com enxofre. Nas raízes estes elementos foram também determinados para os tratamentos que receberam uréia, uréia mais enxofre e o controle sem nitrogênio. Nos três solos determinou-se o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o pH e a concentração de A1(3+ e Mn3+. A análise foliar revelou diferenças significativas entre tratamentos na concentração de alumínio e manganês das folhas e em todos os três solos estudados. Alguns sintomas específicos observados nas folhas e raízes estiveram associados à presença de níveis elevados de manganês nessas partes vegetais.There were determined concentrations of aluminum and manganese in leaves of coffee trees cultivated in pots with 3 different soils fertilized with acidifying nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate and non acidifying nitrogen fertilizer (chilean nitrate and 3 other treatments (urea plus calcium carbonate, urea plus lime and urea plus sulfur. Aluminum and manganese were determined in coffee roots of pots fertilized with urea, urea plus sulfur and a control without nitrogen. The relation of pH and concentration of Al3+ and Mn2+ are discussed for the soils utilized. Leaves analysis showed significant differences in aluminum and manganese concentration in the leaves among treatments and among the 3 soils types. Symptoms correlated with high levels of manganese in the leaves and roots of the coffee trees were observed.

  9. Silica nanoparticles as the adjuvant for the immunisation of mice using hepatitis B core virus-like particles.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dace Skrastina

    Full Text Available Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have facilitated the development of silicon dioxide, or Silica, particles as a promising immunological adjuvant for the generation of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In the present study, we have compared the adjuvanting potential of commercially available Silica nanoparticles (initial particles size of 10-20 nm with that of aluminium hydroxide, or Alum, as well as that of complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvants for the immunisation of BALB/c mice with virus-like particles (VLPs formed by recombinant full-length Hepatitis B virus core (HBc protein. The induction of B-cell and T-cell responses was studied after immunisation. Silica nanoparticles were able to adsorb maximally 40% of the added HBc, whereas the adsorption capacity of Alum exceeded 90% at the same VLPs/adjuvant ratio. Both Silica and Alum formed large complexes with HBc VLPs that sedimented rapidly after formulation, as detected by dynamic light scattering, spectrophotometry, and electron microscopy. Both Silica and Alum augmented the humoral response against HBc VLPs to the high anti-HBc level in the case of intraperitoneal immunisation, whereas in subcutaneous immunisation, the Silica-adjuvanted anti-HBc level even exceeded the level adjuvanted by Alum. The adjuvanting of HBc VLPs by Silica resulted in the same typical IgG2a/IgG1 ratios as in the case of the adjuvanting by Alum. The combination of Silica with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL led to the same enhancement of the HBc-specific T-cell induction as in the case of the Alum and MPL combination. These findings demonstrate that Silica is not a weaker putative adjuvant than Alum for induction of B-cell and T-cell responses against recombinant HBc VLPs. This finding may have an essential impact on the development of the set of Silica-adjuvanted vaccines based on a long list of HBc-derived virus-like particles as the biological component.

  10. Kuidas portreteerida legendi / Igor Garšnek

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Garšnek, Igor, 1958-

    2008-01-01

    Kahest muusikadokumentaalist "Elvis - Presleyde pilgu läbi" ("Elvis by the Presleys, rež. Rob Klug, 2005) ja "Rääkimata lugu: Freddie Mercury" ("Freddie Mercury, the Untold Stry", rež. Rudi Dolezal ja Hannes Rossacher, 2000)

  11. Raamatupood kuusemetsa ja kadunud salliga / Ell-Maaja Randküla

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Randküla, Ell-Maaja, 1939-2016

    2005-01-01

    Raamatukauplus Rahva Raamat Tallinnas Viru Keskuses. Sisekujundus: Margus Tammik ja Hannes Praks, OÜ Kohvi. Ehitaja: AS Merko Ehitus. H. Praksist ja M. Tammikust, nende tähtsamad tööd. Ill.: plaan 12 värv. vaadet

  12. Eesti paviljon Hannoveri maailmanäitusel EXPO 2000 = Estonian Pavilion at Hannover World Exposition EXPO 2000 / Andrus Kõresaar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kõresaar, Andrus

    2000-01-01

    Eesti paviljoni arhitektuurist. Autorid Andrus Kõresaar, Raivo Kotov. Sisekujundajad A. Kõresaar, R. Kotov, Tiit Tael, Hannes Praks. Konstruktsioonid: Neoprojekt. Saksamaa-poolne kontaktarhitektuuribüroo: KSP Engel & Zimmermann. 15 ill.: korruste plaanid, lõiked, välis- ja sisevaated

  13. Kinnisvaraturg 2002/2003 / interv. Ivo Pilve

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2003-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Stroitel 1 lk. 6-8. Ajakirja Ehitaja ümarlauas analüüsisid kinnisvaraturu arenguvõimalusi Arco Vara Grupi juhatuse nõunik Hannes Kuhlbach, Estconde-E tegevdirektor Angel Andla ja Nordea Panga nõunik Toomas Paju

  14. Viisu, põie ja õlekõrre jõeületusmure nõuab süvenemist / Madis Aesma

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Aesma, Madis

    2006-01-01

    Ideid Tartu linna läbiva Emajõe-äärse ala planeerimiseks. Jõgede kultuuriatlase projektist "Rivers as Cultural Infrastructures", kuhu kuulub ka Soomes läbi Turu linna voolav Aurajoki. Kommenteerivad Taivo Tali, Rein Kilk, Hannes Astok

  15. The Celestial Mechanics of Newton

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    hannes Kepler had announced his first two laws of plan- etary motion (AD 1609), ... "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" .... He provided two different sets of proofs .... the Sun. Newton then formulated a theory of tides based on the.

  16. Mida me Tallinnas teinud oleme / Jüri Ratas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ratas, Jüri, 1978-

    2006-01-01

    Tallinna linnapea Jüri Ratas annab ülevaate linnavalitsuse tegevusest esimese saja päeva jooksul. Linnavalitsuse tegevust hindavad Tallinna volikogu Isamaaliidu fraktsiooni esimees Toomas Tõniste, volikogu Reformierakonna esimees Keit Pentus ja volikogu sotsiaaldemokraatide fraktsiooni aseesimees Hannes Rumm

  17. Comparison of the Performance of Corn Starch Coagulant Aid Accompany with Alum, Polyaluminum Chloride and Ferric Chloride Coagulants in Turbidity Removal from Water

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leila Mosleh

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Background: The most important process in water treatment plant is coagulation and flocculation. Regular chemical coagulant which used in Iran are aluminum sulfate (Alum and ferric chloride. Chemical coagulants have hazardous effect on human health and their cost is high for developing country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of chemical coagulants accompany with corn starch as a coagulant aid, for the turbidity removal from water. Methods: This study was accomplished in pilot-scale with synthetic turbid water using clay. In this research, initial turbidity of 250 and 500 NTU was experimented. Chemical coagulant dose during the experiment was 1, 2 and 5 ppm and natural coagulant dose was 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 ppm. Results: The results showed that maximum removal efficiency of turbidity in initial turbidity of 250 NTU belonged to poly aluminum chloride with 5 ppm dosage and corn starch with 0.7 ppm dosage which removed and reduced the initial turbidity to 98.48% and 3.73 NTU, respectively. Moreover, in initial turbidity of 500 NTU the maximum removal efficiency was 98.52% which belonged to ferric chloride and corn starch (5 and 0.7 ppm respectively and reduced the initial turbidity to 7.4 NTU. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that using natural coagulant aid reduce the chemical coagulant consumption, and also does not have significant effect on pH range and reduce the health risks. While huge amount of required polyelectrolytes for water treatment plant imported to the country and the production of corn starch in our country is high, it is hope that the results of this project can be used in industrial scale.

  18. Impacts of alum residues from Morton Jaffray Water Works on water quality and fish, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muisa, Norah; Hoko, Zvikomborero; Chifamba, Portia

    campaigns (ANOVA: p pollution from the water works residues was higher than all the other sources in the catchment. Aluminium levels were generally in the order of; sediments > fish > water. Bioaccumulation occurred in the fish and the order of bioconcentration was; kidney > liver > gill > muscle. The amounts of aluminium in the fish tissues investigated were significantly higher (maximum = 2.92 mg/g) than was reported in other studies reviewed (maximum = 0.18 mg/g). Thus, the water treatment plant residues are greatly increasing the concentrations of aluminium in the water system downstream of the plant thus creating a great risk of aluminium toxicity for fish. Treatment of the residues before discharge, substitution of alum with other coagulants, and re-use of the residues in buffer strips, agricultural lands and in sewage works should be considered.

  19. Valmib valus lavalugu perest : Athenas jõuab vaatajate ette Mart Kivastiku suhtedraama / Raimu Hanson

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hanson, Raimu, 1957-

    2008-01-01

    SA Eesti Teatri Festival esietendab 4. mail Athena keskuses Margus Kasterpalu lavastuses Mart Kivastiku näidendit "Meie isa, kes sa oled ..." Mängivad Vanemuise näitlejad Marika Aidla, Hannes Kaljujärv, Tanel Jonas ning Leino Rei

  20. Põllumajanduslikke majapidamisi mõjutavad oluliselt juhi ja tema pere elutsükliga seotud tegurid

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2014-01-01

    5. juunil 2014 kaitses maaülikooli majandus- ja sotsiaalinstituudi doktorant Ants-Hannes Viira väitekirja "Eesti põllumajanduse strukturaalne kohanemine - institutsionaalsete muutuste ja põllumajandusettevõtete kasvu, kahanemist ning tegevuse lõpetamist mõjutavate sotsiaalmajanduslike tegurite osa"

  1. Aluminium per se and in the anti-acid drug sucralfate promotes sensitization via the oral route.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brunner, R; Wallmann, J; Szalai, K; Karagiannis, P; Altmeppen, H; Riemer, A B; Jensen-Jarolim, E; Pali-Schöll, I

    2009-06-01

    Aluminium (ALUM) is used as experimental and clinical adjuvant for parenteral vaccine formulation. It is also contained in anti-acid drugs like sucralfate (SUC). These anti-acids have been shown to cause sensitization to food proteins via elevation of the gastric pH. The aim of this study was to assess the oral adjuvant properties of ALUM, alone or contained in SUC, in a BALB/c mouse model. Mice were fed SUC plus ovalbumin (OVA) and compared with groups where ALUM or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were applied as adjuvants. The humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed on antigen-specific antibody and cytokine levels. The in vivo relevance was investigated in skin tests. The highest OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE antibody levels were found in mice fed with OVA/SUC, followed by OVA/ALUM-treated animals, indicating a T helper 2 (Th2) shift in both groups. Antibody levels in other groups revealed lower (OVA/PPI-group) or baseline levels (control groups). Positive skin tests confirmed an allergic response in anti-acid or adjuvant-treated animals. Our data show for the first time that ALUM acts as a Th2-adjuvant via the oral route. This suggests that orally applied SUC leads to an enhanced risk for food allergy, not only by inhibiting peptic digestion but also by acting as a Th2-adjuvant by its ALUM content.

  2. Removal of boron (B) from waste liquors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, J Q; Xu, Y; Simon, J; Quill, K; Shettle, K

    2006-01-01

    This paper explores the use of electrocoagulation to remove boron from waste effluent in comparison with alum coagulation. In treating model test wastes, greater boron removals were achieved with electrocoagulation at low doses than conventional alum coagulation when reaction was undertaken for the same conditions (pH 8.5, and initial boron concentration was 500 mg/L). Al electrocoagulation can achieve good boron removal performance (68.3%) at a dose of 2.1 (as molar ratio of Al:B, and for current density of 62.1 A/m2), while alum coagulation can only achieve the maximum boron removal of 56% at a dose of 2.4. Also, Al electrocoagulation can remove 15-20% more boron than alum coagulation for the same dose compared in the treatment of both model test wastes and industry effluent. The estimation of running costs shows that to achieve 75% boron removal from industry waste effluent, i.e. removing 150 g of boron from 1 m3 of effluent, electrocoagulation was 6.2 times cheaper than alum coagulation. The economic advantage of electrocoagulation in the treatment of boron-containing waste effluent is thus significant.

  3. Penyamakan kulit lapis samak kombinasi dengan bahan penyamak alumunium sebagai bahan penyamak pendahuluan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bambang Oetojo

    1987-12-01

    Full Text Available As a tanning material alum salt has similar properties of the basic chromium sulphate. It is, therefore, the purpose of this research is to exchange chromium tannage with alum tannage in pretanning for the vegetable tanned lining leather. In doing such a way the chromium pollution may be eliminated, whereas the alum pretanned lining leather output must be fulfill the physical and chemical requirements as that one of the chrome pretanned. In pretanning the use of alum tannage varied from 2,5%, 3,0%, 3,5% and 4,0%. Afterwards the subsequent process was vegetable tanning using 30% of mimosa powder. The lining leather output from the research was physical and chemical tested. The practical meaning of this research is that for pretanning the vegetable tanned lining leather it is possible to use 2,5% alum salt. The values of the physical and chemical test obtained are that the degree of tannage is 94,54, tensile strength is 174,24 kg/cm2, and strength is 22%. Water absorption for 2 hours is 133,01% and for 24 hours is 134,48%. Whereas the flexural endurance is unbreak condition.

  4. Magnumi uksemaks ahistab ravimimüüjaid / Kadi Heinsalu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Heinsalu, Kadi, 1966-

    2006-01-01

    Magnum Medical nõuab ravimitootjatelt 5-7% Apotheka apteegiketis müüdavate toodete käibest. Diagramm: Apteekide arv Eestis. Kommenteerivad Hannes Danilov ja Virkko Pullinen. Vt. samas: Uksemaks töötab nagu valgusfoor; Osavalt hajutatud põhitegevus

  5. Pärnu uue kunsti muuseumis on näitus "Kümme aastat moodsat kunsti Pärnus varakapitalistliku Eesti tingimustes"

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2003-01-01

    Osalevad Peeter Allik, Mila Balti, Chintis, Margit Joonas, Toomas Kuusing, Hannes Paldrok, Meeland Sepp, Inge Ting, Taje Tross, Andrus Joonas, Bille Tuul, Mariliis Beilmann, Olle Meyer, Sorge, rühmitus Non Grata, Asta Isak, Marianne Männi, Ville-Karel Viirelaid

  6. Download this PDF file

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ,O), potash alum, from some locally available ... potash alum yields and aluminium content of the ores. The crystals were analysed for the parameters; assay, .... MEDTA and 10cm of ammonium ac- elate-acetic acid buffer solution and the mix-.

  7. Análise físico-química e microbiológica do suco de laranja minimamente processado armazenado em lata de alumínio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sugai Áurea Y.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, suco de laranja natural foi pasteurizado em um trocador de calor a placas empregando três diferentes temperaturas de pasteurização: 82,5ºC; 85,0ºC e 87,0ºC e tempos de retenção variando de 11 a 59s, para se obter um produto minimamente processado. Um estudo comparativo foi realizado no suco de laranja armazenado em latas de alumínio em relação ao mesmo produto armazenado em garrafas PEAD, sob refrigeração, por um período de 21 dias. Análises de graus Brix, pH, acidez, sólidos insolúveis e totais e análises microbiológicas foram realizadas em amostras logo após o processamento e durante o período de armazenamento. As propriedades físico-químicas do suco de laranja pasteurizado apresentaram diferenças devido as diferenças detectadas na matéria-prima ao longo do período do estudo. O parâmetro de pasteurização mais apropriado para o suco de laranja natural foi 87,0ºC e com tempo de retenção variando de acordo com o pH do suco. Para pH 4,0 o tempo de retenção requerido foi maior. De acordo com os resultados, uma vida-de-prateleira de 15 dias foi determinada para o suco processado nas condições acima.

  8. Effect of aluminum sulfate on litter composition and ammonia emission in a single flock of broilers up to 42 days of age.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Madrid, J; López, M J; Orengo, J; Martínez, S; Valverde, M; Megías, M D; Hernández, F

    2012-08-01

    New alternatives are necessary if the environmental impact linked to intensive poultry production is to be reduced, and different litter handling methods should be explored. Among these, acidifying amendments added to poultry litters has been suggested as a management practice to help reduce the potential environmental effect involved in multiple flock cycles. There have been several studies on the use of aluminum sulfate (alum) and its benefits, but almost no data are available under farm conditions in Europe. An experiment with Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age was conducted to evaluate the effect of alum on litter composition, the solubility of some mineral elements and NH3 emission during a single flock-rearing period in commercial houses located in southeast Spain. Broilers were placed on clean wood shavings in four commercial houses, containing 20 000 broilers each. Before filling, alum was applied at a rate of 0.25 kg/m2 to the wood shavings of two poultry houses, whereas the remaining two were used as control. Litter from each poultry house was sampled every 3 to 5 days. Ammonia emissions from the poultry houses were monitored from 37 to 42 days of age. In comparison with the control group, alum treatment significantly reduced the pH level of the litter (P litter showed, on average, a higher electrical conductivity than the control litter (5.52 v. 3.63 dS/m). The dry matter (DM) and total N and P contents did not show differences between the treatments (P > 0.05). Regarding the NH4 +-N content, alum-treated litter showed a higher value than the untreated litter, with an average difference of 0.16 ± 0.07% (on a DM basis). On average, alum-treated litter had lower water-soluble P, Zn and Cu contents than the untreated litter. Alum noticeably reduced the in-house ammonia concentration (P litter, with a corresponding positive effect on the building environment and poultry health. For these reasons, litter amendment with alum could be recommended as a

  9. Grain Size Data from the Brine Disposal Program, Gulf of Mexico

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — These data are part of the Brine Disposal Program funded by NOAA in the US Gulf of Mexico, compiled by NOAA/CEAS and partially conducted by R. W. Hann of Texas A and...

  10. Interjöör kuningliku tõlla ja isemängiva kitarriga / Ell-Maaja Randküla

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Randküla, Ell-Maaja, 1939-2016

    2006-01-01

    Tallinnas Rävala pst. 7 asuva kaupluse "Motel Paradise" sisekujundus. Autorid: Hannes Praks ja Margus Tammik, OÜ Kohvi. H. Praksist ja M. Tammikust, nende tähtsamad tööd. Ill.: kaks korruste plaani, 20 värv. vaadet, fotod sisearhitektidest

  11. Book Reviews | Emberly | Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Book Review 1. Book Title: Venda Lashu: Tshivenda Songs, Musical Games and Song Stories. Book Author: Kruger, Jaco (ed.) with illustrations by Deon Coetzer, piano accompaniments by Hannes Taljaard, and guitar accompaniments by Jaco Kruger. (2004) Potchefstroom: North-West University. ISBN: 9781868224302.

  12. Eesti Kirjanike Liit praegu : ankeedivastused

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    1997-01-01

    Aut.: Ain Kaalep, Juhan Habicht, Valeria Ränik, Karl Muru, Mart Velsker, Janika Kronberg, Maie Kalda, Hannes Varblane, Toomas Raudam, Priidu Beier, Kati Murutar, Dagmar Normet, Enn Vetemaa, Henn-Kaarel Hellat, Vello Lattik, Kajar Pruul, Kauksi Ülle, Ene Mihkelson, Jüri Ehlvest

  13. Mobi Solutions pürib M-äri Skype'iks / Raigo Neudorf

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Neudorf, Raigo

    2005-01-01

    OÜ Mobi Solutions loomisest, ettevõtte poolt pakutavatest mobiilside teenustest ning firma tulevikuplaanidest. Vt. samas: Käive kasvas üle kahe korra; Linnar Viik lööb kaasa Mobi suuremates projektides; Hannes Astok: Mobi vennad ei karda riski. Diagramm: Miljon kasumit

  14. An Actor's Approach to Management Conceptual framework and company practices

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    of Contents Foreword: Actor-based managemet - long-term and sustainable management (Bo Prangsgaard) Chapter 1. Introduction (Morten Jakobsen, Inga-Lill Johansson & Hanne Nørreklit) Chapter 2. Actors and reality: a conceptual framework for creative governance (Lennart Nørreklit) Chapter 3. An actor...

  15. Mari Koger : avatud magamistoaga korter pööningukorrusel / Gitte Hint

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hint, Gitte

    2003-01-01

    Korter Nõmmel renoveeritud puumajas (arhitekt Hannes Niineväli). Sisearhitekt Mari Koger, tema kommentaarid. Söögilaua alumiiniumist valatud jalgade autor on Taavi Aunre. Söögilauda valgustab Alberto Meda ja Paolo Rizzatto disainitud lamp Titania. Ill.: plaan, 8 värv. vaadet

  16. Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xue, Runmiao; Donovan, Ariel; Zhang, Haiting; Ma, Yinfa; Adams, Craig; Yang, John; Hua, Bin; Inniss, Enos; Eichholz, Todd; Shi, Honglan

    2018-02-01

    When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products (DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes. The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon (PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than 67% ammonia and 70%-100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite (except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole (DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors (dimethylamine (DMA), ethylmethylamine (EMA), diethylamine (DEA), dipropylamine (DPA), trimethylamine (TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  17. Effect of DETOX as an adjuvant for melanoma vaccine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schultz, N; Oratz, R; Chen, D; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A; Abeles, G; Bystryn, J C

    1995-04-01

    The identification of effective adjuvants is critical for tumor vaccine development. Towards this end, we examined whether the immunogenicity of a melanoma vaccine could be potentiated by DETOX, an adjuvant consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and purified mycobacterial cell-wall skeleton (CWS). Nineteen patients with resected stage III melanoma were immunized with a polyvalent melanoma antigen vaccine (40 micrograms) admixed with DETOX, q3 wks x 4. Seven patients received vaccine + low-dose DETOX (10 micrograms MPL + 100 micrograms CWS) and 12 received vaccine + high-dose DETOX (20 micrograms MPL + 200 micrograms CWS). A non-randomized control group of 35 patients was treated similarly with 40 micrograms vaccine + alum. One week after the fourth vaccine immunization, melanoma antibodies were increased over baseline in 7/7 (100%) patients treated with vaccine + low-dose DETOX, 8/12 (67%) patients treated with vaccine + high-dose DETOX, and in 4/19 (21%) of vaccine + alum patients. For the entire DETOX group, the antibody response rate was 15/19 (79%) compared 4/19 (21%) in the alum group (p or = 15 mm increase in DTH response over baseline) was induced in 50% of the entire DETOX group versus in 47% of the alum group. Median disease-free (DF) survival for the entire DETOX group was 17.8 months compared with 32.1 months in the alum group (p DETOX markedly potentiated antibody but had little effect on DTH responses to melanoma vaccine immunization. It did not appear to improve disease-free survival in comparison to alum in this non-randomized study.

  18. Competitiveness and survival of two strains of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in an urban area of Senegal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bassène, Mireille Djimangali; Seck, Momar Talla; Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla; Fall, Assane Gueye; Sall, Baba; Vreysen, Marc J B; Gimonneau, Geoffrey; Bouyer, Jérémy

    2017-12-01

    In the Niayes area, located in the west of Senegal, only one tsetse species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) was present. The Government of Senegal initiated and implemented an elimination programme in this area that included a sterile insect technique (SIT) component. The G. p. gambiensis strain (BKF) mass-reared at the Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES) in Burkina Faso was used for the SIT component. Studies conducted in 2011 in four localities in the Niayes area (Pout, Sébikotane, Diacksao Peul and the Parc de Hann) showed that the BKF strain demonstrated inferior survival in the ecosystem of the Parc de Hann, a forested area in the city centre of the capital Dakar. Therefore, G. p. gambiensis flies from the Niayes area (SEN strain) were colonized. Here we compared the competitiveness and survival of the two strains (BKF and SEN) in the Parc de Hann. Released sterile males of the SEN colony showed a daily mortality rate of 0.08 (SD 0.08) as compared with 0.14 (SD 0.08) for the BKF flies but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.14). However, the competitiveness of the SEN males was lower (0.14 (SD 0.10)) as compared with that of the BKF males (0.76 (SD 0.11)) (p-value competitiveness of the BKF males is deemed more important for the SIT component, as their shorter survival rates can be easily compensated for by more frequent fly releases.

  19. Raadiojaam ärkas ellu / Jüri Laulik

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Laulik, Jüri, 1959-

    2007-01-01

    Sihtasutus Eesti Rahvuskultuuri Fond (ERKF) ja Hannes Võrno, Tarmo Leinatamm, Peeter Oja sõlmisid lepingu, millega ERKF-i juurde moodustatakse Kreisiraadio fond. Müüki jõudis fondi rahastamiseks "Kreisiraadio" esimene duubelplaat. Kreisiraadio esineb taas ka Kuku Raadios, kus esineti vahelduva tihedusega aastail 1993-1999

  20. Browse Title Index

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Items 151 - 200 of 235 ... Kalaivani Priyadarshini Sekaran, Aiya Subramani Parasuraman, Dinakaran Michael Rajamani. Vol 4, No 1 (2014), Molecular identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria ... Alison M. Lee, Naomi Guppy, John Bainbridge, Hanne Jahns. Vol 3, No 2 (2013), Non-invasive assessment of equine muscular ...

  1. Kolm ministrit valgustasid Kagu-Eesti omavalitsusjuhte / Mari-Anne Leht

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Leht, Mari-Anne, 1950-

    2003-01-01

    Valgamaal Taageperas räägiti Kagu-Eesti omavalitsusjuhtidele haridusest, haridusreformist ja rahast. Kohal olid ka haridus- ja teadusminister Toivo Maimets, siseminister Jaan Õunapuu ja majandusminister Meelis Atonen. Kommenteerivad Rein Randver, Pille Tali, Sirje Tobreluts jt. Vt. samas: Hannes Võrno kaebas rasket elu

  2. Piero Castiglioni - praktilise ilu looja / Karin Paulus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Paulus, Karin, 1975-

    2005-01-01

    Itaalia disaineritest Castiglioni'dest, pikemalt Piero Castiglionist (sünd. 1944), kes külastas 2005. aasta märtsis Eestit. Loetletud tema tähtsamad tööd. Kommenteerivad sisearhitekt Hannes Praks, sisearhitekt Juta Lember, valgusdisainer Tarmo Luisk ja EKA professor Toivo Raidmets

  3. Pärnus tähistatakse moodsa kunsti 10. aastapäeva

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2003-01-01

    Ülevaatenäitus Pärnu Uue Kunsti Muuseumis. Näitusel osalevad Peeter Mudist, Mila Balti, Chintis, Margit Joonas, Toomas Kuusing, Hannes Paldrok, Meeland Sepp, Inge Ting, Taje Tross, Andrus Joonas, Bille Tuul, Marliis Beilmann, Olle Meyes, Sorge, Non Grata, Asta Isak, Marianne Männi

  4. 75 FR 45096 - Foreign-Trade Zone 138 - Columbus, Ohio Area, Application for Reorganization under Alternative...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-08-02

    ... located within a grantee's ``service area'' in the context of the Board's standard 2,000-acre activation... Rickenbacker International Airport and Air Industrial Park, Alum Creek East Industrial Park, Alum Creek West Industrial Park, and Groveport Commerce Center, Franklin County; Site 2 (136 acres) -- Gateway Business Park...

  5. Improving the Th1 cellular efficacy of the lead Yersinia pestis rF1-V subunit vaccine using SA-4-1BBL as a novel adjuvant.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dinc, Gunes; Pennington, Jarrod M; Yolcu, Esma S; Lawrenz, Matthew B; Shirwan, Haval

    2014-09-03

    The lead candidate plague subunit vaccine is the recombinant fusion protein rF1-V adjuvanted with alum. While alum generates Th2 regulated robust humoral responses, immune protection against Yersinia pestis has been shown to also involve Th1 driven cellular responses. Therefore, the rF1-V-based subunit vaccine may benefit from an adjuvant system that generates a mixed Th1 and humoral immune response. We herein assessed the efficacy of a novel SA-4-1BBL costimulatory molecule as a Th1 adjuvant to improve cellular responses generated by the rF1-V vaccine. SA-4-1BBL as a single adjuvant had better efficacy than alum in generating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing TNFα and IFNγ, signature cytokines for Th1 responses. The combination of SA-4-1BBL with alum further increased this Th1 response as compared with the individual adjuvants. Analysis of the humoral response revealed that SA-4-1BBL as a single adjuvant did not generate a significant Ab response against rF1-V, and SA-4-1BBL in combination with alum did not improve Ab titers. However, the combined adjuvants significantly increased the ratio of Th1 regulated IgG2c in C57BL/6 mice to the Th2 regulated IgG1. Finally, a single vaccination with rF1-V adjuvanted with SA-4-1BBL+alum had better protective efficacy than vaccines containing individual adjuvants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SA-4-1BBL improves the protective efficacy of the alum adjuvanted lead rF1-V subunit vaccine by generating a more balanced Th1 cellular and humoral immune response. As such, this adjuvant platform may prove efficacious not only for the rF1-V vaccine but also against other infections that require both cellular and humoral immune responses for protection. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ludvigsson, Johnny; Krisky, David; Casas, Rosaura; Battelino, Tadej; Castaño, Luis; Greening, James; Kordonouri, Olga; Otonkoski, Timo; Pozzilli, Paolo; Robert, Jean-Jacques; Veeze, Henk J; Palmer, Jerry; Samuelsson, Ulf; Elding Larsson, Helena; Åman, Jan; Kärdell, Gunilla; Neiderud Helsingborg, Jan; Lundström, Göran; Albinsson, Eva; Carlsson, Annelie; Nordvall, Maria; Fors, Hans; Arvidsson, Carl-Göran; Edvardson, Stig; Hanås, Ragnar; Larsson, Karin; Rathsman, Björn; Forsgren, Henrik; Desaix, Helena; Forsander, Gun; Nilsson, Nils-Östen; Åkesson, Carl-Göran; Keskinen, Päivi; Veijola, Riitta; Talvitie, Timo; Raile, Klemens; Kapellen, Thomas; Burger, Walter; Neu, Andreas; Engelsberger, Ilse; Heidtmann, Bettina; Bechtold, Suzanne; Leslie, David; Chiarelli, Francesco; Cicognani, Alesandro; Chiumello, Giuseppe; Cerutti, Franco; Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo; Gomez Gila, Ana; Rica, Itxaso; Barrio, Raquel; Clemente, Maria; López Garcia, Maria José; Rodriguez, Mercedes; Gonzalez, Isabel; Lopez, Juan Pedro; Oyarzabal, Mirentxu; Reeser, H M; Nuboer, Roos; Stouthart, Pauline; Bratina, Natasa; Bratanic, Nina; de Kerdanet, Marc; Weill, Jacques; Ser, Nicole; Barat, Pascal; Bertrand, Anne Marie; Carel, Jean-Claude; Reynaud, Rachel; Coutant, Regis; Baron, Sabine

    2012-02-02

    The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels. The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences. Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period. (Funded by Diamyd Medical and the Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00723411.).

  7. Kiviõli Seikluskeskuse teenindushoone = Kiviõli Adventure Centre service building / Eik Hermann

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hermann, Eik, 1978-

    2013-01-01

    Kiviõli tuhamäe jalamile erhitatud Kiviõli Seikluskeskuse teenindushoone välispindade materjaliks on valitud Con-Ten teras ja puit. Projekteerija: BF Projektibüroo. Autor: Koit Ojaliiv (Kuu Arhitektid). Sisekujundus: Kohvi OÜ (Hannes Praks, Eeva Masso) projekti ainetel. Projekt: 2007-2010. Valmis: 2013

  8. Viljandi ilusamad ja inetumad uusehitised võhikute pilgu läbi / Gert Kiiler

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kiiler, Gert

    2007-01-01

    Viimase kümne aasta uusehitisi Viljandis hindavad Meelis Atonen, Jaan Tammsalu, Anu Raud, Erge Hanschmidt, Priit Aule ja sisearhitekt Hannes Praks. Ilusaimaks tunnistati Mainori keskus ja Linna Auto maja. Konkurentsis viimane oli bussijaama hoone. Lisaks Gert Kiileri "Hoone ilu sõltub paljudest nüanssidest"

  9. Nosferatu Pärnus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2004-01-01

    PÖFFi Suvekino raames algab mööda Eestit nn "Nosferatu tuur" ehk saksa tummfilmiklassika - Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau filmi "Nosferatu - õuduste sümfoonia" ("Nosferatu - Eine Symphonie des Grauens", 1921) ringreis koos ansambliga Kriminaalne Elevant (Kaspar Jancis, Danel Aljo, Eno Kollom, Hannes Kivi, Henry Tiisma)

  10. Kõlab õuduste sümfoonia / Kaupo Meiel

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Meiel, Kaupo, 1975-

    2004-01-01

    PÖFFi Suvekino raames jõuab 11. juunil Pärnusse nn "Nosferatu tuur" ehk saksa tummfilmiklassika - Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau filmi "Nosferatu - õuduste sümfoonia" ("Nosferatu - Eine Symphonie des Grauens", 1921) ringreis koos ansambliga Kriminaalne Elevant (Kaspar Jancis, Danel Aljo, Eno Kollom, Hannes Kivi, Henry Tiisma)

  11. PÖFF-i suvekino : Nosferatu hirmufilmi show Katariina kirikus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2004-01-01

    PÖFFi Suvekino raames algab mööda Eestit nn "Nosferatu tuur" ehk saksa tummfilmiklassika - Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau filmi "Nosferatu - õuduste sümfoonia" ("Nosferatu - Eine Symphonie des Grauens", 1921) ringreis koos ansambliga Kriminaalne Elevant (Kaspar Jancis, Danel Aljo, Eno Kollom, Hannes Kivi, Henry Tiisma)

  12. Siim Nestor soovitab : lack of Eoins / Siim Nestor

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Nestor, Siim, 1974-

    2008-01-01

    Väikefirma Seksound annab sel nädalavahetusel välja Viljandi indiebändi Lack of Eoins esikplaadi "Echo Group" (plaadiesitlused 11. dets. Tallinnas Von Krahlis ja 12. dets. Tartus Genialistide klubis, esinevad ka Ans. Andur ja Popidiot, plaate keerutavad Hannes Praks ja Taavi Laatsit)

  13. Kingisseppadest suitsiiditerroristideni / Lauri Kärk

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kärk, Lauri, 1954-

    2005-01-01

    Berliini 55. filmifestivalist ja saksa filmidest festivalil : Marc Rothemundi "Sophie Scholli viimane päev", Hannes Stöhri "Üks päev Euroopas", Tamara Trampe ning Johann Feindti dokumentaal "Valged varesed - Tšetšeenia õudus" ja Palestiinas elava Hany Abu-Assadi "Paradise Now"

  14. 76 FR 73640 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Request for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-11-29

    ... variety of their advertising and promotion efforts, the staff has provided a range of the estimated hours... advertising placement provisions, digital marketing practices and data collection, and lesser-known media...-2125, or Carolyn L. Hann, Attorney, 202-326-2745, Division of Advertising Practices, Bureau of Consumer...

  15. Lux Express: reisijate arvu kasv on tulu kasvust kiirem olnud / Katre Pilvinski

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Pilvinski, Katre

    2010-01-01

    Bussifirma AS Lux Express käive kasvas Läti ja Leedu liinidel selle aasta esimesel 7 kuul 24% võrreldes 2009. a. Reisijate arv kasvas jaanuarist juulini 48%. Firma juhi Hannes Sarapuu hinnangul on nad majandussurutise tõttu turuosa võitnud auto- ja lennutranspordi arvel

  16. Teaduskeskus Ahhaa = Ahhaa Science Centre / Vilen Künnapu, Ain Padrik, Malle Jürgenson, Tea Tammelaan ; intervjueerinud Margit Mutso

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2012-01-01

    Tartus Sadama 1 auva Ahhaa teaduskeskuse arhitektuurist ja sisearhitektuurist. Arhitektid: Ain Padrik ja Vilen Künnapu, kaasa töötasid Kristjan Tõlk, Kristiin Keernik, Siim Tuksam, Hannes Tilk (Künnapu & Padrik). Sisearhitektid: Tea Tammelaan, Krista Lepland ja Malle Jürgenson (Laika, Belka & Strelka). Infograafika: Alar Pikkorainen

  17. SISU sümpoosioni mõttekoda: sisearhitekti identiteet ja ruumiline keskkond

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2015-01-01

    Tüüne-Kristin Vaikla, Eero Jürgenson, Peeter Päll, Kalle Vellevoog, Urmo Vaikla, Hannes Praks, Yoko Alender, Urmas Pastarus, Triin Ojari, Taevo Gans, Indrek Allmann, Martin Samm ja Terje Kivist arutlevad ümarlauas sisearhitekti identiteedi, ehitatava keskkonna ning erialaliitude võimaliku ühinemise teemadel

  18. Carretera elevada, en Hannóver

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wittfoht, Hans

    1965-02-01

    Full Text Available In the new planning of Hannover, a new elevated roadway has been provided, to connect the Königsworther place with the Westtangente motor road. This elevated road is built on a prestressed concrete palisade which is 360 m long and forms 17 spans, whose mean length is 22 m. The road runs on a curve, and there are two dilation joints, separating the structure into three sections. The deck is prestressed, and rests on portal frames, with inclined columns, whose top cross members, also prestressed, cantilever 1.24 ms on each side of the columns. The longitudinal prestressing cables have been given a load of 116 tons per cable, and the transversal ones, spaced every 0.75 m, carry a load of 57 tons per cable. This project was finished very rapidly, thanks to the magnificent auxiliary facilities. The concrete was transported from the mixing plant to the site, about 200 m away, by pneumatic pumps. A special feature of this project is that the lower ends of the columns rest on the foundations by means of sets of roller bearings, which are carefully greased.En la nueva ordenación urbana de la ciudad de Hannover (Alemania, se ha incluido un acceso elevado, especie de puente, que unirá la plaza de Königsworther con la autopista Westtangente. Este acceso es de hormigón pretensado y tiene una longitud total de 360 m, subdividida en 17 tramos de unos 22 m de luz media. Como el trazado tiene un eje en curva, se han previsto dos juntas que dividen el acceso en tres trozos. El tablero es de hormigón pretensado y se apoya sobre una serie de pórticos, con montantes inclinados, cuyos cabezales, también pretensados, tienen 1,24 m de canto y se prolongan en voladizo por ambos lados. Los cables del pretensado longitudinal se han tesado a razón de 116 t cada uno y los del pretensado transversal, especiados a 0,75 m, a 57 t por cable. Esta obra se terminó con gran celeridad, gracias a las magníficas instalaciones auxiliares dispuestas. El hormigón se transportó de la hormigonera al lugar de colocación, distante unos 210 m, por medio de dos bombas neumáticas. Presenta la particularidad de que la parte inferior de los montantes se unen a sus apoyos por medio de cajas de rodillos convenientemente engrasados.

  19. Dzhentelmenide kätsh / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2008-01-01

    AS Alta Foods esitas Stockholmi arbitraazhiinstituudile taotluse, et saada tagasi AS-i Kalev toiduainetööstuse ja AS-i Tere omandamiseks tasutud kuue miljoni euro suurune ettemaks. Vt. samas: Tehingu kronoloogia. Küsimustele vastavad Indrek Rahumaa ja Oliver Kruuda

  20. Kuressaare staadioni arhitektuurivõistlusest / Hannes Koppel

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Koppel, Hannes

    2011-01-01

    2011. a. toimunud arhitektuurivõistlus staadionile parima arhitektuurse lahenduse leidmiseks oma senisel kohal Kuressaare lahe kaldal. Premeeritud töödest. 1. preemia pälvis võistlustöö "Maailmarekord", autorid Ott Kadarik ja Mihkel Tüür, 2. preemia võistlustöö "Victor", autorid Mari Renno ja Emil Urbel, 3. preemia võistlustöö "Saps", autorid Andres Lember, Jaak Huimerind ja Martin Ivask

  1. Influence of chemical processing on the imaging properties of microlenses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vasiljevic, Darko; Muric, Branka; Pantelic, Dejan; Panic, Bratimir

    2009-01-01

    Microlenses are produced by irradiation of a layer of tot'hema and eosin sensitized gelatin (TESG) by using a laser beam (Nd:YAG 2nd harmonic; 532 nm). All the microlenses obtained are concave with a parabolic profile. After the production, the microlenses are chemically processed with various concentrations of alum. The following imaging properties of microlenses were calculated and analyzed: the root mean square (rms) wavefront aberration, the geometric encircled energy and the spot diagram. The microlenses with higher concentrations of alum in solution had a greater effective focal length and better image quality. The microlenses chemically processed with 10% alum solution had near-diffraction-limited performance.

  2. Erodibilidade de um nitossolo háplico alumínico determinada em condições de campo Erodibility of a typic hapludox evaluated under field conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ildegardis Bertol

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available O termo erodibilidade do solo (fator K na Equação Universal de Perda de Solo - EUPS expressa a suscetibilidade natural do solo à erosão hídrica. O fator K representa a taxa de perda de solo por unidade de erosividade da chuva (fator R na EUPS. O conhecimento do fator K, juntamente com os demais fatores do modelo EUPS, é importante no planejamento conservacionista, pois, por meio desse modelo, estimam-se as perdas médias anuais de solo esperadas para determinadas condições. Dados de perda de solo, obtidos em campo em solo sem cultivo e com preparo convencional, sob condições de chuva simulada, no período de novembro de 2001 a março de 2004, no sul do Planalto Catarinense, foram utilizados para calcular o fator K de um Nitossolo Háplico alumínico típico, com declividade média de 0,15 m m-1. O fator K foi calculado pela razão entre as perdas de solo e a erosividade das chuvas e, ainda, estimado por análise de regressão linear simples entre estas duas variáveis. Foram utilizados valores de erosividade das chuvas (EI30 de 11 testes de chuva simulada e suas respectivas perdas de solo, obtidas em parcelas de 3,5 x 11,0 m, desprovidas de vegetação e de crosta superficial, após terem sido mantidas sem cultivo e sob preparo de solo contínuo por dois anos. O preparo do solo, executado no sentido do declive, duas vezes ao ano, consistiu de uma aração e duas gradagens. A crosta superficial e as plantas espontâneas eram mecanicamente eliminadas por meio de escarificação e de capina manual com enxada. O fator erodibilidade do solo determinado para o Nitossolo Háplico alumínico foi de 0,011 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 quando calculado por meio da razão entre os valores anuais de perda de solo e do índice de erosividade das chuvas e de 0,012 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 quando estimado por meio de regressão linear simples entre estas duas variáveis.The term soil erodibility (factor K in the Universal Soil Loss Equation - USLE expresses

  3. Effects of treated poultry litter on potential Greenhouse Gas ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This study examined the effects of different treatments of poultry faecal matter on potential greenhouse gas emission and its field application. Poultry litters were randomly assigned to four treatments viz; salt solution, alum, air exclusion and the control (untreated). Alum treated faeces had higher (p<0.05) percentage nitrogen ...

  4. A relação entre a estratégia de produção e a prática da inovação tecnológica: um estudo em uma empresa produtora de alumínio.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Regina Neves Guimarães

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available A inovação tem sido considerada de fundamental importância para organizações que competem em ambientes dinâmicos. Verifica-se, assim, uma estreita relação entre as estratégias organizacionais e a prática da inovação. No que se refere à estratégia competitiva, sabe-se que ela pode tanto estimular quanto inibir tal prática. A estratégia de produção, por sua vez, deve estar alinhada à estratégia competitiva e ter um conteúdo (formado pelas prioridades competitivas e áreas de decisão definido de forma que sustente a posição competitiva da organização. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a inovação tecnológica (de produto e de processo se insere no conteúdo da estratégia de produção de uma empresa produtora de alumínio da região de Sorocaba. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, que utiliza o estudo de caso como método de procedimento. A empresa analisada na pesquisa está presente nos setores de metais, cimento, energia, siderurgia, celulose, agroindústria, finanças, além de investir em empresas em estágio inicial com alto potencial de crescimento. A unidade de negócios selecionada para o estudo de caso restringe sua produção a itens de alumínio, atuando nos segmentos de transporte, embalagem, eletricidade, construção civil e bens de consumo. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e observações que tiveram como foco o setor de laminação da unidade em estudo. Entre as principais conclusões, verificou-se que, nesse caso, há uma maior ocorrência da inovação de processo do que da inovação de produto. Como prioridades competitivas, observou-se a ênfase nas prioridades flexibilidade e custo. A inovação não é vista na empresa como uma prioridade competitiva, no entanto constatou-se que ela ocorre muitas vezes como forma de melhor desenvolver as prioridades flexibilidade e custo. Enquanto algumas caracter

  5. Journal of Special Operations Medicine, Volume 6, Edition 4

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-01-01

    Gay Thompson worked on the First Edition as the Managing Editor and will be doing the same this time. Dr. Les Fenton , who recently retired from... cosmetic surgery: Low dosage ketamine-diazepam anesthesia. Laryngoscope 1978;88: 1709-12. 52. Tucker MR, Hann JR, Phillips CL, et al. Subanesthetic

  6. Avgang 2017: Sommerkonsert i Aulaen

    OpenAIRE

    2017-01-01

    Avgangsstudenter fra MA2 opera og studenter fra MA1 holder konsert med sang fra operaer, lieder og fra operetter. MA2 sangere: Hanne Korsbrekke Askeland, Dagfinn Andersen, Sara Aasen. MA1 sangere: Eilert Egil Taugbøl Hasseldal, Marcela Randem, Nora Oleanne Sårheim, Tina Therese Tuven

  7. Keila vabrikuala ideevõistluse võitsid noored Leedu arhitektid / Piret Peensoo

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Peensoo, Piret

    2007-01-01

    Keila endise riidevabriku kinnistu planeerimise võistluse võitsid Leedu arhitektid Andrius Uogintas, Margarita Podagelyte ja Matas Cirtautas ("Active edge"), teise koha sai PiKaSch Architecture Studio Zoltan Schrammeli juhtimisel Ungarist ("Keila 14") ja kolmanda koha Hannes Koppel ja Sander Aas ("Kegel") arhitektuuribüroost Asum Arhitektid

  8. Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of African Breadfruit ( Treculia ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The effect of aluminum sulphate (alum) and sodium sesquicarbonate (trona) on the chemical and sensory qualities of African breadfruit seeds (ABFS) was studied. ABFS were steeped in (0 – 2.0%) alum concentrations for 24 h. The seeds were parboiled, dehulled and then cooked with (0 – 2.0%) trona concentrations for 90 ...

  9. A novel use of Moringa oleifera seed powder in enhancing the primary treatment of paper mill effluent.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boulaadjoul, Soumia; Zemmouri, Hassiba; Bendjama, Zoubida; Drouiche, Nadjib

    2018-05-02

    In this study, Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) performance as an eco-friendly coagulant in the enhanced primary treatment of paper mill effluent was investigated. Its performance in terms of turbidity removal and COD abatement was examined. Local M. oleifera seed powder from ADRAR-city, South of Algeria, was used. Conventional jar tests were conducted for enhancing the primary treatment of paper mill effluent from paper factory. For this reason, comparative coagulation tests were performed using aluminum sulfate (alum). Indeed, in terms of turbidity abatement, 96.02% and 97.1% were obtained for Moringa and alum, respectively. However, in the case of COD abatement, the abatement rate of M. oleifera seeds was slightly higher than that of alum, 97.28% and 92.67%, respectively. Because M. oleifera is a natural resource that is locally available, an eco-friendly coagulant, non-toxic, and biodegradable and does not affect the pH of water; thus, its use allows to avoid numerous disadvantages of conventional coagulants like alum. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. The holly an the King of little faith

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edward Cooper

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Research literature on the extraction of alum, the mineral salt basic to the economy of Christian Europe, entirely passes over the Iberian deposits in production between the fall of Constantinople and the commencement of the Papal operation at Tolfa in 1463. The sites of these are here identified, with an indication that their mineralogical formation is not that of the classic volcanic strata of Tuscany and Mazarrón. The much repeated theory on the way alum-bearing rock was located is shown to be suspect, and the pre-Mazarrón history of Spanish alum is given its context in the turbulent politics of the mid-century dynastic confrontations.

  11. Visualizing Sound Directivity via Smartphone Sensors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawley, Scott H.; McClain, Robert E., Jr.

    2018-01-01

    When Yang-Hann Kim received the Rossing Prize in Acoustics Education at the 2015 meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, he stressed the importance of offering visual depictions of sound fields when teaching acoustics. Often visualization methods require specialized equipment such as microphone arrays or scanning apparatus. We present a…

  12. Piduöö 5 nägu / Monica Raud

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Raud, Monica, 1981-

    2007-01-01

    Viie ööklubi interjöörist. Tallinnas Club von Überblingen endises Polümeeri hoones, sisearhitekt Taavi Aunre; Club Prive, sisearhitekt Priit Roosna; Tartus Maasikas, sisekujundajad Riin Pettai ja Kerli Lepp; Club Illusion, sisekujundaja Jaanis Ilves; Pärnus klubi Str&, sisekujundajad Hannes Praks, Kristjan Holm ja Kadri Tamme

  13. Tartu Ülikool 375 / interv. Rein Raudvere

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Küsitlus: Mida on teile andnud Tartu Ülikool? Millest oleksite jäänud ilma, kui poleks olnud õnne õppida Tartu Ülikoolis? Vastavad: Tõnis Lukas, Hannes Kaljujärv, Aili Paju, Ain Kallis, Aarne Liiv ja Hans Trass. Vt. samas: EV ministrid TÜ vilistlased; Riigikogu liikmed TÜ vilistlased

  14. Reuse the pulp and paper industry wastewater by using fashionable technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sudarshan, K.; Maruthaiya, K.; Kotteeswaran, P.; Murugan, A.

    2017-10-01

    This proposed method is a promising way, which can be implemented in pulp and paper industries by effective removal of the color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the resulting treated water may surely reuse to the other streams. Fourier Transformer Infra Red spectra confirmed the presence of the respective functional groups in the removed pollutants from the wastewater. The efficiency of Non-ferric Alum (NF Alum) and cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) with and without power boiler fly ash was also studied. The reduction efficiency of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) is evaluated at the optimum dosage of NF Alum, fly ash, and C-PAM. At the optimized pH attained from these coagulants using to treat the wastewater, the flocs formation/settling and the pollutant removal efficiency are encouraging and the resulting color of the wastewater is to 40 PtCo units from 330 PtCo units and COD to 66 mg/L from 218 mg/L. While using NF Alum alone with C-PAM for the treatment of wastewater, the highest reduction efficiency of COD is 97 mg/L from 218 mg/L and the color is 60 from 330 PtCo units at pH 4.8 was noted. From these observations, NF Alum and power boiler fly ash with C-PAM can effectively remove the pollutants from the pulp and paper mill wastewater and the water can be reused for other streams.

  15. Dyeing of γ-irradiated cotton with natural flavonoid dye extracted from irradiated onion shells (Allium cepa) powder

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rehman, Fazal-ur; Adeel, Shahid; Shahid, Muhammad; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Nasir, Faiza; Akhtar, Nasim; Ahmad, Zulfiqar

    2013-01-01

    Powder of Onion shells as a source of natural flavonoid dye (Quercetin) and cotton fabrics were exposed to absorbed doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy using Cs-137 gamma irradiator. Irradiated and un-irradiated dye powder was used for extraction of quercetin as well as antibacterial, hemolytic and antioxidant activities were also determined to observe the effect of radiation. Furthermore, color strength and colourfastness of irradiated fabrics were improved by using pre and post-mordants such as alum and iron. It is found that 4 kGy is the optimal absorbed dose for extraction of natural quercetin extracted from onion shells while maximum color strength and acceptable fastness properties are obtained on dyeing of irradiated fabric at 60 °C keeping M:L of 1:30 using 10% alum as pre-mordant and 6% alum as post-mordant. Gamma irradiation has not only improved the color strength of the dye using irradiated cotton but also that of colourfastness properties. - Highlights: • The optimal absorbed dose obtained for surface modification of cotton (RC) is 4 kGy. • The optimal absorbed dose for extraction of colorant from onion shell powder (RP) is 4 kGy. • Optimum dying conditions: 60 °C, 1 30 as M:L. • Optimum pre-mordant 10% alum and 6% alum as post-mordant. • At these optimum conditions: color strength and fastness properties are improved

  16. Design and performance of a fast thermal response miniature Chromium Potassium Alum (CPA) salt pill for use in a millikelvin cryocooler

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bartlett, J.; Hardy, G.; Hepburn, I. D.

    2015-01-01

    The design and performance of a fast thermal response miniature (24 mm outer diameter by 30 mm long) Chromium Potassium Alum (CPA) salt pill is described. The need for a fast thermal response has been driven by the development of a continuously operating millikelvin cryocooler (mKCC) which uses 2 T superconducting magnets that can be ramped to full field in 30 s. The consequence of magnetising and demagnetising the CPA pill in such a short time is that thermal boundary resistance and eddy current heating have a significant impact on the performance of the pill, which was investigated in detail using modelling. The complete design of a prototype CPA pill is described in this paper, including the methods used to minimise thermal boundary resistance and eddy current heating as well as the manufacturing and assembly processes. The performance of the prototype CPA pill operated from a 3.6 K bath is presented, demonstrating that a complete CPA cycle (magnetising, cooling to bath and demagnetising) can be accomplished in under 2.5 min, with magnetisation and demagnetisation taking just 30 s each. The cold finger base temperature of the prototype varies with demagnetisation speed as a consequence of eddy current heating; for a 30 s demagnetisation, a base temperature of 161 mK is obtained, whilst for a 5 min demagnetisation, a base temperature of 149 mK was measured (both from a 3.6 K and 2 T starting position). The measured hold times of the CPA pill at 200 mK, 300 mK, and 1 K are given, proving that the hold time far exceeds the recycle time and demonstrating the potential for continuous operation when two ADRs are used in a tandem configuration. The ease and speed at which the CPA pill temperature can be changed and controlled when stepping between operating temperatures in the range of 200 mK to 4 K using a servo control program is also shown, once again highlighting the excellent thermal response of the pill. All of the test results are in good agreement with the

  17. "Parallel Leadership in an "Unparallel" World"--Cultural Constraints on the Transferability of Western Educational Leadership Theories across Cultures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goh, Jonathan Wee Pin

    2009-01-01

    With the global economy becoming more integrated, the issues of cross-cultural relevance and transferability of leadership theories and practices have become increasingly urgent. Drawing upon the concept of parallel leadership in schools proposed by Crowther, Kaagan, Ferguson, and Hann as an example, the purpose of this paper is to examine the…

  18. Villa Viimsis : Palumetsa tee 9 = Villa, Viimsi : Palumetsa tee 9 / Epp Lankots

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Lankots, Epp, 1976-

    2005-01-01

    Hoone välisilme ning kuju määrab majasisene piki välisseina teisele korrusele tõusev trepp, mille kallet ning suunda markeerib fassaadil jooksev puitsõrestik. Maapinna-korruse ulatuses on fassaadil terasvõrku pakitud graniitkivid. Arhitektid: Andri Kirsima, Hannes Niineväli. Sisearhitekt: Raul Tiitus. Ill.: 3 välisvaadet

  19. Tamkivi : Natura alad on ebaolulised / Ulvar Käärt

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Käärt, Ulvar, 1982-

    2007-01-01

    Autori väitel on uus keskkonnaminister Jaanus Tamkivi seadnud kahtluse alla üle-euroopalise tähtsusega Natura 2000 kaitsealade vajalikkuse. Riigikogu liikme Aleksei Lotmani, Eestimaa Looduse Fondi juhatuse liikme Jüri-Ott Salmi hinnanguid. Kommenteerib Hannes Veinla. Vt. ka Aleksei Lotmani ja Marek Strandbergi kommentaare 12. apr. Meie Maa lk. 2

  20. Mereline Foorum kutsub kulla ja karraga / Urmas Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Urmas, 1981-2012

    2007-01-01

    Elu- ja ärihoonest Narva mnt. 5 / Hobujaama 10H Tallinnas. Arhitektid: Hanno Grossschmidt ja Tomomi Hayashi, HG Arhitektuur. Siselahendus: Hannes Praks ja Margus Tammik, OÜ Kohvi. Ehitaja: AS KMG Ehitus. Ehituse algus: detsember 2004, valmimisaeg: 01.07. 2006 - 01. 09. 2007. 5 värv. välis- ja 2 sisevaadet

  1. with rice hulls on pH and ammonia emissions from poultry houses

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The use of aluminum sulfate [alum; Al2(SO3)4·14H2O] as top dressing to poultry litter has been proven in reducing ammonia (NH3) volatilization under both laboratory and field tests; however, there has been no information of alum application in mixing methods from poultry litter or rice hulls. The aim of the experiment was ...

  2. Utensílios para alimentos e implicações nutricionais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    QUINTAES Késia Diego

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Há grande variedade de materiais empregados na confecção de utensílios para os alimentos: barro, ferro, vidro, cerâmica, inox, pedra, alumínio e outros. Cerca de 43% de panelas vendidas atualmente nos Estados Unidos são de aço inoxidável. Outra parcela da população utiliza utensílios de alumínio. Este artigo visa especular a contribuição nutricional de utensílios usados na preparação de alimentos e feitos de três diferentes materiais (alumínio, ferro e aço inoxidável, através de revisão de literatura científica.

  3. Kulka aastapreemiate žürii hinnang = Comments from the panel of judges / Laila Põdra, Eva Hirvesoo, Tiit Sild, Epp Lankots ; intervjueerinud Margit Mutso

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2011-01-01

    Arhitektuuriaastast 2010. Eesti Kultuurkapitali aastapreemia - Maarja Kask, Karli Luik, Ralf Lõoke, Kristiina Arusoo, Margit Argus, Pelle-Sten Viiburg (Sõmeru keskusehoone, maanteemuuseumi välialad). Arhitektuuri sihtkapitali arhitektuuripreemia - Hannes Koppel (Kuressaare rannahoone), Raul Vaiksoo (eramu), restaureerimispreemia - Jaan Jõgi (Laupa mõis), sisearhitektuuri preemia - Leila Pärtelpoeg (Röa mõis), tegevuspreemia - Karin Hallas-Murula, Eesti Arhitektuurikeskus

  4. "Vesi. Iha. Armastus"

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    12. aktinäitus "Mees ja Naine" Pärnu Uue Kunsti Muuseumis 29. augustini. Väljapanekul on esindatud: Amandus Adamson, Boaz Tal, Edward Lucie-Smith, Ken Wardrop, Daniel de Chenu, Elina Brotherus, Mark Sadan, Konstantin Tabanakov, Ellen Kolk, Ilme ja Riho Kuld, Hille Palm, Elo Liiv, Hannes Starkopf, Jüri Tenson, Merike Estna, Raili Ilmsalu

  5. Kus ta siis ometi on - see Bob Dylan? / Immo Mihkelson

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Mihkelson, Immo, 1959-

    2008-01-01

    Todd Haynes'i mängufilm muusik Bob Dylanist "Kus on Bob Dylan?" ("I'm Not There") : laulja alter ego kehastavad Ben Whishaw, Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Cate Blanchett, Richard Gere, Marcus Carl Franklin : Ameerika Ühendriigid 2007. 4. juunil Saku Suurhallis toimuvast kontserdist. Jaak Johanson, Tõnis Mägi, Riho Sibul, Hannes Varblane ameerika lauljast

  6. Väike-suur punane maja männimetsa all : elamu Laulasmaal = The Little Big Red House in the Pine Forest : Dwelling in Laulasmaa / Üla Koppel

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Koppel, Üla

    2003-01-01

    Puitkarkassiga suvilaks ehitatud maja on väljast kaetud veekindla vineeriga. Vineeri on osaliselt kasutatud ka siseviimistluses. Projekteerija: KOKO Arhitektid / Kõresaar & Kotov OÜ. Autorid Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar. Konstruktor: Inseneribüroo Peipman OÜ. Sisearhitekt Hannes Praks. Projekt 2001, valmis 2003. 3 välis- ja 2 sisevaadet, I ja II korruse plaan, lõige

  7. Kunstitudengid näitavad Maarjamäe lossi pargis oma vabadussamba tõlgendusi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2008-01-01

    Eesti Kunstiakadeemia skulptuuritudengid Marit Mardla, Matthias-Jakob Sildnik, Mikk Madisson, Liis Dvorjanski, Uku Sepisvart, Hannes Aasamets, Kadri Allekand, Kristin Orav, Loore Raav, Jekaterina Kultajeva, Li Yang, Kristel Aasjõe, Liivi Tantaal, Jass Kaselaan, Edith Karlson, Kadri Metstak, Berit Talpsepp ja Eike Eplik näitavad oma töid näitusel "Vabaduse monumendid"

  8. Eesti pürib omamaise sordiaretusega Baltimaade sojatööstuse keskuseks / Mikk Salu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Salu, Mikk, 1975-

    2007-01-01

    Kesk-Eestis Peetri alevikus asuv Soja Foods Baltic müüb oma sojatooteid Lätti ja Leetu ning kavatseb neid hakata müüma ka Soomes. Firma üks omanikke on Hannes Tamjärv. Firma käive, töötajate arv. Lisa: Eesti oma sojasort kuue aasta pärast

  9. Enteric virus removal from water by coal-based sorbents: development of low-cost water filters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chaudhuri, M.; Sattar, S.A.

    1986-01-01

    Using poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) and dechlorinated tap water, several coal-based sorbents were tested for their capacity to remove viruses from water. The sorbents included bituminous coal from Giridih, India, pretreated/impregnated with either alum, ferric hydroxide, lime or manganese dioxide. Filtrasorb-400, commercially available active carbon, was used as a reference. In batch tests, with input virus concentration of 2.34-2.83x10/sup 6/ PFU/1 and sorbent concentration of 10 g/l, alum pretreated coal removed about 96% of the virus when pH of the water was between 6.3 and 8.9. Virus sorption was rapid and a plateau was reached in 30 min. Compared with the active carbon, alum pretreated coal exhibited greater sorption energy and about one log higher limiting poliovirus sorption capacity. Downflow column study indicated the potential of alum pretreated coal as a filter media for removing enteric viruses from water. A previous study showed this sorbent to be capable of removing enteric bacteria as well. Water filters prepared from such low-cost material may prove useful for domestic use in rural areas of India and other developing countries. 19 refs.

  10. The Use of Biochemical Processes in Sludge Treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammed S. Shahaab

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available The feasibility of using combination of effective microorganism (EM1 and conventional chemical conditioner was evaluated in this study to assess and discern the dewatering properties of the secondary sludge that produced from wastewater treatment plant of the medical assembly in Mosul city. Conventional coagulants such as lime, Alum, and ferrous sulfate, six doses for each coagulant type i.e5- 30(10 - 60 (and (25 -150mg/l(  respectively, were used in the sludge conditioning processes for enhancement of the sludge dewatering capacity. The characteristics of conditioned sludge, such as specific resistance of filtration (SRF (were determined at each dose.Experimental results indicated that effective microorganism seeds have a passive effect on SRF value which was about   % 71.4(and (%75(in lime and ferrous sulfate respectively.While in Alum conditioning process a significant effect on SRF reduction was accomplished which was about %-47.9( and (- %32.8( for effective microorganism and Alum dose increments respectively. The best Alum dosage, for minimum SRF 0.98348×10 12 m /kg, was 60 mg/l at 1 % of effective microorganism.

  11. Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vaccari, Monica; Gordon, Shari N; Fourati, Slim; Schifanella, Luca; Liyanage, Namal P M; Cameron, Mark; Keele, Brandon F; Shen, Xiaoying; Tomaras, Georgia D; Billings, Erik; Rao, Mangala; Chung, Amy W; Dowell, Karen G; Bailey-Kellogg, Chris; Brown, Eric P; Ackerman, Margaret E; Vargas-Inchaustegui, Diego A; Whitney, Stephen; Doster, Melvin N; Binello, Nicolo; Pegu, Poonam; Montefiori, David C; Foulds, Kathryn; Quinn, David S; Donaldson, Mitzi; Liang, Frank; Loré, Karin; Roederer, Mario; Koup, Richard A; McDermott, Adrian; Ma, Zhong-Min; Miller, Christopher J; Phan, Tran B; Forthal, Donald N; Blackburn, Matthew; Caccuri, Francesca; Bissa, Massimiliano; Ferrari, Guido; Kalyanaraman, Vaniambadi; Ferrari, Maria G; Thompson, DeVon; Robert-Guroff, Marjorie; Ratto-Kim, Silvia; Kim, Jerome H; Michael, Nelson L; Phogat, Sanjay; Barnett, Susan W; Tartaglia, Jim; Venzon, David; Stablein, Donald M; Alter, Galit; Sekaly, Rafick-Pierre; Franchini, Genoveffa

    2016-07-01

    A recombinant vaccine containing Aventis Pasteur's canarypox vector (ALVAC)-HIV and gp120 alum decreased the risk of HIV acquisition in the RV144 vaccine trial. The substitution of alum with the more immunogenic MF59 adjuvant is under consideration for the next efficacy human trial. We found here that an ALVAC-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and gp120 alum (ALVAC-SIV + gp120) equivalent vaccine, but not an ALVAC-SIV + gp120 MF59 vaccine, was efficacious in delaying the onset of SIVmac251 in rhesus macaques, despite the higher immunogenicity of the latter adjuvant. Vaccine efficacy was associated with alum-induced, but not with MF59-induced, envelope (Env)-dependent mucosal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that produce interleukin (IL)-17, as well as with mucosal IgG to the gp120 variable region 2 (V2) and the expression of 12 genes, ten of which are part of the RAS pathway. The association between RAS activation and vaccine efficacy was also observed in an independent efficacious SIV-vaccine approach. Whether RAS activation, mucosal ILCs and antibodies to V2 are also important hallmarks of HIV-vaccine efficacy in humans will require further studies.

  12. Avaliação do processo de coagulação-floculação de lixiviado de aterro sanitário pré-tratado biologicamente utilizando quitosana e sulfato de alumínio como coagulantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inara Do Carmo Oliveira Nascimento

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Os lixiviados de aterros sanitários apresentam elevadas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal, matéria orgânica biodegradável e compostos recalcitrantes, que não permitem seu descarte no meio ambiente sem tratamento prévio. Como alternativa complementar ao tratamento biológico desse efluente, diferentes processos físico-químicos têm sido desenvolvidos para reduzir as concentrações de matéria orgânica recalcitrante presentes nos lixiviados de aterro sanitário. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa buscou avaliar a eficiência do processo de coagulação-floculação quanto à remoção dessa matéria orgânica presente em lixiviado pré-tratado biologicamente utilizando quitosana e sulfato de alumínio como coagulantes. Durante a realização dos ensaios, o efluente coletado de um sistema de lodo ativado operado em bateladas seqüenciais em escala piloto, instalado na área do Aterro Sanitário Integrado Camaçari e Dias D’avila, foi submetido ao tratamento físico-químico com os coagulantes quitosana e sulfato de alumínio (Al2(SO43.14 H2O em equipamento de testes de jarros. Para avaliar a eficiência do processo físico-químico, foi aplicada a metodologia estatística de planejamento experimental, a fim de obter as melhores condições de processo que fornecessem eficiências de remoção significativas da matéria orgânica recalcitrante por meio dos parâmetros cor verdadeira e turbidez. Posteriormente, foram realizados alguns ensaios de toxicidade aguda com Lemna minor e Poecilia reticulata. Os resultados mostraram que, nas faixas testadas, apenas as variáveis de controle concentração de coagulante (C e o valor do pH de dosagem foram significativas para o processo, uma vez que as condições de mistura (Gmr, Gf, Tmr e Tf não influenciaram nas variáveis respostas. Utilizando a quitosana como coagulante, alcançou-se valores médios de eficiência de remoção de cor verdadeira e turbidez iguais a 73% e 94

  13. Physiochemical Treatment of Textile Industry Effluents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Latif, M. I.; Qazi, M. A.; Khan, H.; Ahmad, N.

    2015-01-01

    The study mainly focuses on the application of chemical Coagulants (Lime, Alum and Ferrous Sulfate) and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) (Ozone Treatment and Fenton Process, alone and in combination) to treat textile industry effluents, optimization of coagulation process for various Coagulants in terms of process conditions, including coagulant dose, pH and settling time. The results revealed that Alum was most effective. The efficiency of coagulation process was dose dependent and 400 mg/L dose of Alum alone showed maximum color removal of 47%, 57% and 54% of yellow, red and blue dyes, respectively in addition to the COD removal of 44%. The combined applications of Alum and Lime (300:75 mg/L) and Lime and Alum (300:75 mg/L) showed slightly better COD removal of 51%. However, color removal efficiency of all coagulants was at par. The Ozonation process appeared the most promising for the treatment of waste water and color/COD removal, the efficiency of which increased with increasing the treatment time at constant Ozone dose. For less polluted effluents, 97% color removal was obtained after 1 minute and after 15 minutes for highly polluted effluents; The COD removal efficiency of the process for less polluted effluents was around 89% after 5 minutes Ozonation and for highly polluted effluents 88% COD removal after 40 minutes. The performance of Fenton process was extremely low as compared to Ozonation process. Increase in pH, significantly decreased the color removal efficiency of the process. COD removal efficiency of Fenton process increased with an increase in settling time. (author)

  14. Harvesting of freshwater microalgae biomass by Scenedesmus sp. as bioflocculant

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rinanti, A.; Purwadi, R.

    2018-01-01

    This study is particularly expected to provide information on the diversity of microalgae as the flocculant agent that gives the highest biomass yield. Bioflocculation was done by using one of the flocculating microalgae i.e. Scenedesmus obliquus to concentrate on non-flocculating microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The freshwater microalgae S. obliquus tested it ability to harvest other non-flocculating microalgae, increased sedimentation rate in the flocculation process and increased biomass yield. The flocculation of biomass microalgae with chemical flocculant as comparison was done by adding alum (K2SO4·Al2 (SO4)3·24H2O). The addition of alum (K2SO4·Al2 (SO4)3·24H2O) as flocculant at pH 11 and S. obliquus sp. as bioflocculant caused significant alteration of nutrition of microalgae. Overall, the essential content produced by flocculation method with addition of alum or with bioflocculation (%, mg/100 mg dry weight) are lipid 31,64; 38,69, protein 30,79; 38.50%, and chlorophyll 0.6253; 0.8420). Harvesting with bioflocculation methods conducted at the end of the cultivation period increase the amount of biomass significantly and can accelerate the settling time of biomass. Harvesting microalgae cells by bioflocculation method becomes an economically competitive harvesting method compared to alum as a chemical flocculant because of the cheaper cost of flocculant, not toxic so it does not require further water treatment after harvesting due to the use of alum as chemical flocculants.

  15. Distribution of uranium in kolm. Evidence from backscattered electron imagery

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parnell, J [Dep. of Geology, Belfast (Northern Ireland)

    1985-02-06

    The distribution of uranium in kolm from Upper Cambriam alum shales has been studied using backscattered electron imagery, and found to be concentrated in discrete mineral phases. Authigenic minerals in kolm include pyrite, galena, and a cerium-bearing mineral referable to monazite. Uranium occurs within the monazite and generally shows a close relationship with phosphorus. Uranium bearing monazite has also been identified within the host alum shale.

  16. A comparison between Moringa oleifera and chemical coagulants in the purification of drinking water - An alternative sustainable solution for developing countries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pritchard, M.; Craven, T.; Mkandawire, T.; Edmondson, A. S.; O'Neill, J. G.

    A research project was commissioned to investigate the performance of Moringa oleifera compared with that of aluminium sulphate (Al 2(SO 4) 3) and ferric sulphate (Fe 2(SO 4) 3), termed alum and ferric respectively. A series of jar tests was undertaken using model water, different raw water sources and hybrid water containing a mixture of both of these types of water. The model water consisted of deionised water spiked with Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 10 4 per 100 ml and turbidity (146 NTU) artificially created by kaolin. Results showed that M. oleifera removed 84% turbidity and 88% E. coli, whereas alum removed greater than 99% turbidity and E. coli. Low turbidity river water (<5 NTU), with an E. coli count of 605 colony forming units (cfu)/100 ml was treated with M. oleifera and ferric. Results showed an 82% and 94% reduction in E. coli for M. oleifera and ferric respectively. Tests on turbid river water of 45 NTU, with an E. coli count of 2650 cfu/100 ml, showed a removal of turbidity of 76% and E. coli reduction of 93% with M. oleifera. The equivalent reductions for alum were 91% and 98% respectively. Highly coloured reservoir water was also spiked with E. coli (10 4 cfu/100 ml) and turbidity (160 NTU) artificially created by kaolin; termed hybrid water. Under these conditions M. oleifera removed 83% colour, 97% turbidity and reduced E. coli by 66%. Corresponding removal values for alum were 88% colour, 99% turbidity and 89% E. coli, and for ferric were 93% colour, 98% turbidity and 86% E. coli. Tests on model water, using a secondary treatment stage sand filter showed maximum turbidity removal of 97% and maximum E. coli reduction of 98% using M. oleifera, compared with 100% turbidity and 97% E. coli for alum. Although not as effective as alum or ferric, M. oleifera showed sufficient removal capability to encourage its use for treatment of turbid waters in developing countries.

  17. 2nd HERA/LHC workshop at CERN (1/4)

    CERN Multimedia

    CERN. Geneva

    2006-01-01

    There wil be plenary sessions in the Main auditorium and parallel sessions in B40 The (developing) full agenda can be found on http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1862 The web page of the workshop can be found on http://www.desy.de/~heralhc/ Organiser(s): Albert De Roeck and Hannes Jung

  18. English for lawyers / Liina Soobik ; [preface: Peep Pruks

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Soobik, Liina, 1955-

    2001-01-01

    Kasutatud tekstide autorid: Peep Pruks, Merit-Ene Ilja, Ilona Nurmela, Kristi Raba, Andreas Kangur, Raul Narits, Peeter Roosma, Kalle Merusk, Maret Altnurme, Jaan Ginter, Aare Tark, Norman Aas, Lasse Lehis, Hannes Veinla, Jaan Sootak, Eerik Kergandberg, Paul Varul, Jaanus Ots, Urve Liin, Irene Kull, Merle Muda, Gaabriel Tavits, Andres Vutt, Kadri Siibak, Ellen Ridaste, Heiki Pisuke, Andrus Siibak

  19. Understanding Children's Drawings: The Path to Manhood. With "Notes on the Study of Man," By Wolfgang Schad.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Strauss, Michaela

    Based on the notes of Hanns Strauss and his collection of 6,000 drawings by 2- to 7-year-olds, this book describes the stages of development of children's drawings by using the framework of Rudolf Steiner's "anthroposophical" science. In the introduction, the early development of children's drawing is compared with works of art left by…

  20. Ilmus Rein Neggo "Vastutuuli. I" / Hannes Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Hannes

    1999-01-01

    rets. rmt.: Vastutuuli. I : valimik EELK Los Angelese koguduse ajakirjas "Vastutuuli" (1950-1965) avaldatud kirjasõna / koostanud ja toimetanud Rein Neggo. Los Angeles : Eesti Evangeelse Luterliku Kiriku Los Angelese kogudus, 1999. 199 lk. : ill.

  1. Nii nad tapsidki meie Ferdinandi / Hannes Rumm

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rumm, Hannes, 1968-

    2007-01-01

    Allar Jõks ei jätka õiguskantslerina. Ilmunud ka Virumaa Teataja 20. dets. 2007, lk. 11 ; Järva Teataja 20. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Sakala 21. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Põhjarannik 20. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Vooremaa 20. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Lääne Elu 20. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Nädaline 20. dets. 2007, lk. 4 ; Hiiu Leht 28. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Pärnu Postimees 9. jaan. 2008, lk. 15 ; Nädalaleht 21. dets. 2007, lk. 4

  2. Pensionidest nii eakatele kui keskealistele / Hannes Rumm

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rumm, Hannes, 1968-

    2007-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Lääne Elu, 20. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Vali Uudised, 21. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Harjumaa, 21. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Nädalaleht, 21. sept. 2007, lk. 3; Molodjozh Estonii, 22. sept. 2007, lk. 5; Põhjarannik, 22. sept. 2007, lk. 5; Severnoje Poberzhje, 22. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Sakala, 25. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Valgamaalane, 25. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Järva Teataja, 27. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Lõunaleht, 27. sept. 2007, lk. 2; Koit, 27. sept. 2007, lk. 6; Pärnu Postimees, 2. okt. 2007, lk. 19; Nädaline, 2. okt. 2007, lk. 4. Parlamendiliige tutvustab valitsusliidu poolt paika pandud pensionitõusu plaani aastani 2011

  3. Linnavoliniku juhitav firma ostis sadama / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2011-01-01

    Tallinna linnavolikogusse kuuluva IRL-i liikme Nikolai Stelmachi juhitav DM Harbour Capital OÜ omandas Hiiumaal asuva Kalana jahisadama, mis oli OÜ Madigan omanduses. DM Harbour Capital OÜ omanik on OÜ Reliable Investments

  4. Sinikrae bluus ja valgekrae valss / Hannes Rumm

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rumm, Hannes, 1968-

    2010-01-01

    Töötemaatikat käsitlev rahvusvaheline näitus "Blue-Collar Blues" ("Sinikrae bluus") Tallinna Kunstihoones ja Kunstihoone galeriis 31. jaanuarini 2010, kuraator Anders Härm. Osalejad loetletud. Marge Monko videost "Foorum", Eléonore de Montesquiou (Prantsusmaa/Eesti) videotest, Francis Alÿse (Belgia/Mehhiko) videost "Harjutamise poliitika", Tellervo Kalleineni ja Oliver Kochta-Kalleineni (Soome/Saksa) videotest

  5. Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murshed, Mohamad Fared; Aslam, Zeeshan; Lewis, Rosmala; Chow, Christopher; Wang, Dongsheng; Drikas, Mary; van Leeuwen, John

    2014-10-01

    The treatment of organics present in the lower reaches of a major river system (the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia) before (March-July 2010), during (December 2010-May 2011) and after (April-December 2012) a major flood period was investigated. The flood period (over 6months) occurred during an intense La Niña cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased (2-3 times) to high concentrations (up to 16mg/L) and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model (mEnCo©). Predicted mean alum dose rates (per mg DOC) were higher before (9.1mg alum/mg DOC) and after (8.5mg alum/mg DOC) than during the flood event (8.0mg alum/mg DOC), indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds (>2kDa) were mostly detected in waters collected, but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Inflammation triggers emergency granulopoiesis through a density-dependent feedback mechanism.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Derek W Cain

    Full Text Available Normally, neutrophil pools are maintained by homeostatic mechanisms that require the transcription factor C/EBPα. Inflammation, however, induces neutrophilia through a distinct pathway of "emergency" granulopoiesis that is dependent on C/EBPβ. Here, we show in mice that alum triggers emergency granulopoiesis through the IL-1RI-dependent induction of G-CSF. G-CSF/G-CSF-R neutralization impairs proliferative responses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC to alum, but also abrogates the acute mobilization of BM neutrophils, raising the possibility that HSPC responses to inflammation are an indirect result of the exhaustion of BM neutrophil stores. The induction of neutropenia, via depletion with Gr-1 mAb or myeloid-specific ablation of Mcl-1, elicits G-CSF via an IL-1RI-independent pathway, stimulating granulopoietic responses indistinguishable from those induced by adjuvant. Notably, C/EBPβ, thought to be necessary for enhanced generative capacity of BM, is dispensable for increased proliferation of HSPC to alum or neutropenia, but plays a role in terminal neutrophil differentiation during granulopoietic recovery. We conclude that alum elicits a transient increase in G-CSF production via IL-1RI for the mobilization of BM neutrophils, but density-dependent feedback sustains G-CSF for accelerated granulopoiesis.

  7. Sounding Relationships. Conference programme & Book of abstracts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2009-01-01

    Content: Welcome to Aalborg.  Inge Nygaard Pedersen: Welcome from the chair of the organizing committee Tony Wigram Wlcome from the chair of the scientific committee Rita Cancino: Welcome from the head of faculty Hanne Mette Ridder: Welcome from the Danish Association of Music Therapists (MTL......) Sounding Relationships General Information Daily Program Social Program List of Participants Scientific Program Book of Abstracts...

  8. Väike moodne majake / Urmas Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Urmas, 1981-2012

    2004-01-01

    Tallinnas Kose teel 2003. a. valminud Hannes Niinevälja kavandatud viilkatusega eramust. Kivikatus on eenduva räästata, otsafassaadid on kaetud tumepruuni laudisega, pruunid laudpinnad ilmestavad valgeid külgseinu. Krunti ümbritseb tumepruun puitaed. Sisekujunduses on kasutatud valget, pruuni, beezhi ja oranzhi värvi. Sauna seinu ja põrandat katab mosaiik. 2 välis- ja 4 sisevaadet

  9. "Scripta manent" on meie regioonis ainulaadne üritus / Sirje Kriisa, Lennart Mänd, Rene Haljasmäe...[jt.] ; üles kirjutanud Reet Varblane

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    Kuni 2. X Eesti Tarbekunsti- ja Disainimuuseumis avatud rahvusvahelisest köitekunstinäitusest "Scripta manent III. Maailma parim asi". Köitekunstist kõnelesid näituse korralduskomitee liikmed. Žürii koosseis. Kuldraamatud pälvisid Külli Grünbach-Sein, Kaire Olt ja Jaana Päeva. Näituse korralduskomitees ka Tulvi-Hanneli Turo ja Rene Haljasmäe TLÜARist

  10. Rahvusvaheliselt köidetud runopärimus / Juta Kivimäe

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kivimäe, Juta, 1952-

    2010-01-01

    4. rahvusvaheline köitekunsti näitus-konkurss "Scripta manent" Eesti Tarbekunsti- ja Disainimuuseumis 9. jaanuarini 2011. Näituse korralduskomitee: Sirje Kriisa, Rene Haljasmäe, Lennart Mänd, Tulvi-Hannely Turo. Näitus on pühendatud helilooja Veljo Tormisele, köita tuli V. Tormise "Lauldud sõna". Pikemalt eesti ja jaapani köitekunstnike töödest

  11. Kirjanik soovitab / Heiki Vilep

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Vilep, Heiki, 1960-

    2009-01-01

    Tutvustus: Pratt, David. Võimatu nõuab rohkem aega : 1000 tarkusetera Nobeli preemia laureaadilt / inglise keelest tõlkinud Marge Paal. [Tallinn] : Ersen, 2009 ; Varblane, Hannes. Taarnateel : katsetusi 1967–1970 : [luuletused]. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2009 ; Eesti muinasjuttude kuldraamat / koostanud Reet Krusten. Tallinn : TEA Kirjastus, 2009 ; Eco, Umberto. Kuus jalutuskäiku kirjandusmetsades / inglise keelest tõlkinud Ene-Reet Soovik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2009

  12. INTRODUCTION: Award of the 2004 Hannes Alfvén Prize of the European Physical Society to J W Connor, R J Hastie and J B Taylor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lister, Jo, Dr

    2004-12-01

    Jack Connor, Jim Hastie and Bryan Taylor The Hannes Alfvén Prize of the European Physical Society for Outstanding Contributions to Plasma Physics (2004) has been awarded to Jack Connor, Jim Hastie and Bryan Taylor `for their seminal contributions to a wide range of issues of fundamental importance to the success of magnetic confinement fusion, including: the development of gyro-kinetic theory; the prediction of the bootstrap current; dimensionless scaling laws; pressure-limiting instabilities, and micro-stability and transport theory'. Jack Connor, Jim Hastie and Bryan Taylor form one of the most successful teams of theoretical physicists in the history of magnetic confinement fusion. They have made important contributions individually, but their greatest discoveries have mostly been accomplished jointly, either in pairs or as a team involving all three. Their early work, in the 1960s, included the development of the gyro-kinetic theory for fine-scale plasma instabilities, which today forms the basis of the most advanced turbulence simulation codes in tokamak and stellarator research. The theoretical prediction of the bootstrap current, made in 1970-71 was not confirmed experimentally for over a decade but is now regarded as crucial to the success of the tokamak as a steady-state fusion power source. Their work on collisional transport also included the prediction of impurity ion accumulation, which is observed in internal transport barriers and is a key concern for long-pulse tokamak operation. The relativistic threshold for runaway electrons, identified in 1975, forms the basis of the most recent tokamak disruption mitigation schemes. In the late 1970s, the team developed the theory for ballooning instabilities, which provided an important ingredient in the `Troyon-Sykes' β-limit—an expression that is still used as a guide to the performance of tokamaks and in the design of ITER. Ballooning mode theory has also contributed to the understanding of

  13. Nuclear staining with alum hematoxylin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llewellyn, B D

    2009-08-01

    The hematoxylin and eosin stain is the most common method used in anatomic pathology, yet it is a method about which technologists ask numerous questions. Hematoxylin is a natural dye obtained from a tree originally found in Central America, and is easily converted into the dye hematein. This dye forms coordination compounds with mordant metals, such as aluminum, and the resulting lake attaches to cell nuclei. Regressive formulations contain a higher concentration of dye than progressive formulations and may also contain a lower concentration of mordant. The presence of an acid increases the life of the solution and in progressive solutions may also affect selectivity of staining. An appendix lists more than 60 hemalum formulations and the ratio of dye to mordant for each.

  14. A CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide as an efficient adjuvant counterbalancing the Th1/Th2 immune response in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugai, Toshiyuki; Mori, Masaaki; Nakazawa, Masatoshi; Ichino, Motohide; Naruto, Takuya; Kobayashi, Naoki; Kobayashi, Yoshinori; Minami, Mutsuhiko; Yokota, Shumpei

    2005-11-16

    Adjuvants in vaccines are immune stimulants that play an important role in the induction of effective and appropriate immune responses to vaccine component(s). Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT) vaccine contains not only aluminum hydrate (alum) to enhance the immune response to the vaccine ingredients, but also, both for that purpose and as a principal ingredient, pertussis toxin (PT). However, both adjuvants strongly promote T helper (Th) 2 type immune responses. Th1 and Th2 type immune responses are counterbalanced in vivo, and a Th2-prone immune response is not effective against intracellular infections but promotes IgE production, which is related to allergic disease. In this study, we used the CpG motif contained in oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), which has an adjuvant effect and also induces the Th1 response, as an adjuvant to this vaccine, and we investigated its adjuvanticity and its potential to modulate immune responses to DPT vaccine. Administration of DPT vaccine with CpG-ODN (DPT-alum/ODN) to mice significantly reduced the total IgE levels and increased the anti-PT specific IgG2a titer in serum, in comparison with ordinary DPT vaccine (DPT-alum). Moreover, we investigated the antibody response to orally administrated ovalbumin (OVA) after vaccine administration. In the DPT-alum/ODN-administered group, the OVA specific IgE production in serum greatly decreased in comparison with that in the DPT-alum-administered group. These data indicate that CpG-ODN was not useful only as an efficient vaccine adjuvant but also shifted the immune responses substantially toward Th1 and modulated the Th1/Th2 immune response in DPT vaccine. These data suggested new applications of CpG-ODN as adjuvants in DPT vaccine.

  15. Assessment of the adjuvant activity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen vaccines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Veridiana Gomes Virginio

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The adjuvant potential of two mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs, SBa-15 and SBa-16, was assessed in combination with a recombinant HSP70 surface polypeptide domain from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP. The recombinant antigen (HSP70212-600, previously shown as immunogenic in formulation with classic adjuvants, was used to immunize BALB/c mice in combination with SBa-15 or SBa-16 MSNs, and the effects obtained with these formulations were compared to those obtained with alum, the adjuvant traditionally used in anti-PEP bacterins. The HSP70212-600 + SBa-15 vaccine elicited a strong humoral immune response, with high serum total IgG levels, comparable to those obtained using HSP70212-600 + alum. The HSP70212-600 + SBa-16 vaccine elicited a moderate humoral immune response, with lower levels of total IgG. The cellular immune response was assessed by the detection of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in splenocyte culture supernatants. The HSP70212-600 + SBa-15 vaccine increased IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels, while no stimulation was detected with the HSP70212-600 + SBa-16 vaccine. The HSP70212-600 + SBa-15 vaccine induced a mixed Th1/Th2-type response, with an additional IL-10 mediated anti-inflammatory effect, both of relevance for an anti-PEP vaccine. Alum adjuvant controls stimulated an unspecific cellular immune response, with similar levels of cytokines detected in mice immunized either with HSP70212-600 + alum or with the adjuvant alone. The better humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in mice indicated that SBa-15 has adjuvant potential, and can be considered as an alternative to the use of alum in veterinary vaccines. The use of SBa-15 with HSP70212-600 is also promising as a potential anti-PEP subunit vaccine formulation.

  16. Coagulation and electrocoagulation for co-treatment of stabilized landfill leachate and municipal wastewater

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohini Verma

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Landfill leachate and municipal wastewater at various ratios (1:20, 1:10, 1:7 and 1:5 were subjected to coagulation and electrocoagulation (EC. Alum was used in conventional coagulation at pH 6 and aluminum plate as electrode was used in EC at a current density of 386 A/m2 with 5 cm inter electrode spacing. Treatment efficiency was assessed from removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD, total suspended solids (TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. At 1:5 ratio of landfill leachate to municipal wastewater, highest COD removal was with 3.8 g/L alum whereas highest turbidity removal was with 3.3 g/L alum during coagulation. EC exhibited almost similar removal efficiency for all the parameters at different ratios tested except for COD which was considerably higher at 1:20 ratio. Aluminum consumption from electrode was 0.7 g/L following EC as compared to 3.8 g/L alum used in coagulation. The amount of sludge produced was found to be higher with EC as compared to coagulation which could be due to the fact that the electrochemical method was performed for a longer duration than conventional coagulation. For minimal sludge generation, EC reaction time should be ∼30 min. Further studies with EC process on costing and sludge generation will help to advance the technology for wastewater treatment.

  17. Архитектурная прогулка / Любовь Маклеренко

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Маклеренко, Любовь

    2010-01-01

    Tutvustatakse 2009. aastal ehitatud hooneid Tallinnas: Tammsaare Ärimaja (arhitekt Andres Kariste), Nordea maja (arhitektid Emil Urbel ja Indrek Erm), Scala City büroohoone (Nord Projekt), Marienthali keskus (arhitektid Andri Kirsima ja Hannes Niineväli), Metro Plaza ja tornidega maja Rotermanni kvartalis (KOKO Arhitektid), Tehnikaülikooli raamatukoguhoone (arhitektid Eero Endjärv, Priit Pent, Mattias Agabus, Illimar Truverk), kortermaja Aia tänaval (Kosmos)

  18. Kaunis ja õudne : Raamaturida / Arno Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Arno, 1950-

    1995-01-01

    Beer, Natalie. Meister Mathis : Matthias Grünewaldi romaan; Pezold, Leopold. Kolme Eestimaa kunstniku rännuaastad; Vint, Maara. Vint, Eve-Maria. Võlulehvik; Seton, Anya. Katherine, 2.osa; Suosalmi, Kerttu-Kaarina. Õnnekütt; Herriott, James. Koerajutud; Laos, Ester. Õhtuks koju; Ewers, Hanns Heinz. Alraune; King, Stephen. Raamatukogupolitseinik; Pabut, Talvo. Surma suflöör; Loon, Paul van. Õuduste käsiraamat

  19. Short outlines of books by Estonian authors : [annotations] / Rutt Hinrikus, Janika Kronberg

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hinrikus, Rutt, 1946-

    1999-01-01

    Madis Kõiv. Kähri ker'ko man Pekril; Hannes Varblane. Avalikult halb : valik; Andrus Kivirähk. Liblikas; Juhan Paju. Vanaema mõis; Henn Mikelsaar. Ristiratast; Asta Põldmäe. Viini plika; Ellen Niit. Paekivi laul; Toomas Raudam. Elus enesetapja; Andrus Kivirähk. Pagari piparkook; Oskar Kruus. Hella Wuolijoki; Hasso Krull. Jazz : nelikümmend luuletust; Mart Kivastik. Varblane; Jüri Ehlvest. Elli lend

  20. Tallinna sadamaala linnaruumiline arengukava : ettepanek = Urban Development Plan for the Tallinn Port Area : Proposal

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2006-01-01

    Tellija: Tallinna Linnaplaneerimise Amet. Korraldaja: Eesti Arhitektide Liit. Aeg: 2006. a. veebruar. Osalejad: linnageograaf Hardo Aasmäe, arhitektid Andres Alver, Rein Hansberg, Veljo Kaasik, Ott Kadarik, Erik Konze, Margit Mutso, Tiit Sild, Villem Tomiste, TLPA juht, Tallinna peaarhitekt Igor Volkov, Tallinna Sadama esindaja Hannes Kuhlbach, TLPA projektijuht Jaan Kurm, TLPA üldplaneeringute osakonna juhataja Endrik Mänd, Logi Projekti esindaja Taimi Lokotar, Heldur Meerits

  1. Täna avatakse Kotkas Eesti nüüdiskunsti näitused

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    Eksponeeritud John Smithi uued poliitilised tõlgendused "Brezhnev", "Hitler" ja "Holocaust", Mare Mikofi "Ene" (2003). Näitusel esinevast 12 kunstnikust 7 (Kaido Ole, Mari Roosvalt, Leonhard Lapin, Hannes Starkopf, Jaan Toomik, Vergo Vernik, Jaan Elken) kuulub rühmitusse Ruum 312A. Kotka linnaraamatukogus on eksponeeritud Rait Rosina ja Helina Loidi maalid, Haukkavuori vaatlustornis on Ly Lestbergi isikunäitus "Elysion" ja tema uus video

  2. Tartu Ülikooli Narva Kolledž = Narva College of the University of Tartu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2015-01-01

    Tartu Ülikooli Narva Kolledž Raekoja plats 2, valminud 2012. Eesti kultuurkapitali aastapreemia 2013. Arhitektid Siiri Vallner, Katrin Koov, Indrek Peil (Kavakava), kaasautorid Heidi Urb, Andro Mänd, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Maarja Tüür, sisearhitekt Hannes Praks. Kaasa töötasid Kadri Tamme, Kristjan Holm, Liisi Murula, Toomas Pääsuke, Ahti Grünberg, Daniel Marius Reisser, Helen Sarapuu

  3. Associated mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in plants/ Mecanismos associados à tolerância ao alumínio em plantas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecília Estima Sacramento dos Reis

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Aluminum toxicity is one of the major limiting factor regarding plant development in acid soils. The use of liming for correcting soil pH is not viable for some of acid soil areas (technique or economic reasons, making the development of Al tolerant genotypes the best alternative. Thus, the tolerance mechanisms as well as the genetic basis of Al tolerance has deserved special attention in the scientific community. In the last years, a significant progress has been achieved towards these goals, as well as in developing cultivars adapted to acid soils. The Al tolerance mechanisms are divided basically in two classes: the exclusion mechanisms that act after absorption or blocking its entry in the root system and those involved in detoxification, complexing the Al in specific organelles, mainly in the vacuoles. In many species, physiological mechanisms have been reported as responsible for the activation of organic acids (mainly citrate and malate that act as Al quelating agents, however many process are not yet understood and cleared. Currently, the basis for the internal detoxification is becoming clear through organic acid complexes and there sequestering by the vacuoles. Other potential mechanisms are the target for discussions.A toxicidade do alumínio é um dos principais fatores limitantes do desenvolvimento das plantas em solos ácidos. Pelo fato da utilização de corretivos da acidez do solo não ser a estratégia mais viável em muitas situações com solos ácidos (por razões técnicas e econômicas, o desenvolvimento de genótipos tolerantes ao Al tem sido o caminho mais focado, assim a investigação dos mecanismos de tolerância bem como as bases genéticas da tolerância ao Al têm merecido atenção especial pela pesquisa científica. Nos últimos anos, foi gerado um significativo progresso no entendimento das bases dos mecanismos de tolerância ao Al, assim como no desenvolvimento de cultivares mais adaptados as condições de

  4. Removal of iron and manganese from groundwater: a study of using potassium permanganate and sedimentation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsheikh Mohamed

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Experiments are done for different combinations of Fe+2 and Mn+2 concentrations. The obtained results show that Potassium Permanganate (PP gives good results in iron and manganese removal. By using PP dose near to half of the theoretically required one, it can remove up to 100 % and 90 % of iron and manganese, respectively over different tested concentrations at pH=7.0. Increasing rate of filtration influences the Mn+2 removal process obviously. Sedimentation is required when combined concentrations of iron and manganese are greater than 5.0 ppm to reduce filter rapid clogging. Using conventional treatment with adding alum, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration can remove up to 97% and 18% of iron and manganese, respectively. Using PP in addition to alum enhances manganese removal but decreases iron removal. However, using alum with increasing pH to 10 leads to 100 % and 95 % of Fe+2 and Mn+2 removal and increases filter working period.

  5. Dyeing of γ-irradiated cotton with natural flavonoid dye extracted from irradiated onion shells (Allium cepa) powder

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rehman, Fazal-ur; Adeel, Shahid; Shahid, Muhammad; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Nasir, Faiza; Akhtar, Nasim; Ahmad, Zulfiqar

    2013-11-01

    Powder of Onion shells as a source of natural flavonoid dye (Quercetin) and cotton fabrics were exposed to absorbed doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy using Cs-137 gamma irradiator. Irradiated and un-irradiated dye powder was used for extraction of quercetin as well as antibacterial, hemolytic and antioxidant activities were also determined to observe the effect of radiation. Furthermore, color strength and colourfastness of irradiated fabrics were improved by using pre and post-mordants such as alum and iron. It is found that 4 kGy is the optimal absorbed dose for extraction of natural quercetin extracted from onion shells while maximum color strength and acceptable fastness properties are obtained on dyeing of irradiated fabric at 60 °C keeping M:L of 1:30 using 10% alum as pre-mordant and 6% alum as post-mordant. Gamma irradiation has not only improved the color strength of the dye using irradiated cotton but also that of colourfastness properties.

  6. UV-protection of Natural and Synthetic Fabrics by Surface Treatment under the effect of Gamma Irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Naggar, AW.M.; Zohdy, M.H.; Ali, N.M.

    2008-01-01

    Synthetic and natural fabrics were surface coated with gamma radiation curable novel formulations. These formulations were based on naturally occurring Alum individually and in binary mixture with ZnO beside different functional oligomers and monomers. The physical properties of the treated fabrics were evaluated in terms of ultraviolet protection, moisture regain, and water absorption. Also, the effect of coating formulations on the crystallinity was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) showed that the formulation containing 30% of Alum caused a significant UPF values (50+) according to standard rating over untreated fabrics. When ZnO was incorporated in the formulation, the UPF factor was increased by two folds. A decrease in the moisture regain and water absorption of fabrics was featured with ZnO, however, in case of Alum a decrease followed by an increase was observed. In conclusion, these novel coats could be taken as an nontoxic alternative UV-resist finishing agents for fabrics

  7. Korporatiivspaa koolitab tallinlastest tallinklasi / Urmas Oja

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Oja, Urmas, 1981-2012

    2007-01-01

    Tallink Spa & Conference Hotel Tallinnas Sadama 11a. Arhitektid: Indrek Tiigi, Ülar Mark, AB Urban Mark. Sisearhitektid: Andro Kööp, Tairo Pärnamets, SAB Torpedo Interior. Ehituse peatöövõtja: AS Merko Ehitus. Hotellitubade seintel on Heiki-Erich Merila fotod, spaa-alal Hannes Starkopfi kujud. Ehituse kestus: veebruar 2006-märts 2007. A. Kööbi ja I. Tiigi kommentaar. Välisvaade, 5 sisevaadet

  8. Cearà state climate characterization based on agents of regional circulation producers of types of weather

    OpenAIRE

    Lucas Pereira Soares

    2015-01-01

    It was done in this study, a climatic characterization of the state of CearÃ, from the dynamics of atmospheric systems. Initially developed theoretical background on the evolution of climate studies from those achieved by traditional peoples, passing by the first climate formulations in Geography from Humboldt, Hann, Koppen, De Martonne, Strahler, Sorre and Pedelaborde, reaching Carlos Augusto Figueiredo Monteiro, responsible for this development tools applied to geographic foundations of und...

  9. Mida teed siis, kui töötaja on avaldanud soovi firmast lahkuda? / Inge Rumessen, Andres Hall, Mariliin Saar ... [jt.

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2016-01-01

    Küsimusele vastavad PR Strategies partner ja strateegiline konsultant Inge Rumessen, auto24ring juhataja Andrs Hall, vabakutseline loovjuht ja produtsent Mariliin Saar, advokaadibüroo Tark partner Hannes Küün, ettevõtte Ööloom ja Frank kaasasutaja Jan Plaan, haridus- ja teadusministeeriumi personaliosakonna juhataja Margot Saluse, Sorry as Service müügijuht ja asutaja Indrek Põldvee ja EBS-i rahvusvahelise koostöö prorektor Toomas Danneberg

  10. Musikterapi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2007-01-01

    musikterapeutuddannelse. I bogen fokuseres på to hovedretninger inden for musikterapeutisk teoridannelse - analytisk musikterapi og Nordoff- Robbins-musikterapi (også kaldet kreativ musikterapi). Desuden beskrives en lang række eksempler på musik- terapeutisk arbejde med børn og voksne med særlige behov, herunder...... i bogen. Bogen er bearbejdet til danske forhold af Lars Ole Bonde og Hanne Mette O. Ridder og har forord af Tony Wigram....

  11. Determination of spatial variability of aluminum according to the clay distribution in soils of Querência do Norte/Paraná State, BrazilDeterminação da variabilidade espacial de alumínio em função da distribuição de argila em solos de Querência do Norte/Paraná, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Luiz Chicati

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available The major part of Brazilian soils shows elevated aluminum contents and in several cases this element occurs in phytotoxic levels. Aluminum is a constituent of the soil´s clay minerals. Its release can occur to the exchangeable fraction or to the soil solution. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the relationship between the spatial variability of aluminum and the distribution of soil clay. In order to achieve that, a grid of soil samples was collected in field, defined by means of photointerpretation and observation of images. The results obtained in laboratory were submitted to statistical analyses to verify spatial dependence, which was proven later. The space continuity was studied by means of the semivariogram’s elaboration using different models. The best semivariograms were chosen by cross validation performed through "ordinary kriging". Thus, it could be observed that these variables showed structure of spatial dependence, with a positive correlation between them, besides it was possible to make maps in order to allow a better agricultural exploitation.A maior parte dos solos brasileiros possui altos teores de alumínio e, em muitos casos, este elemento ocorre em níveis fitotóxicos. Constituinte dos minerais de argila, pode ter sua liberação diretamente na forma trocável ou para a solução do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a relação entre a variabilidade espacial do alumínio e a distribuição de argila do solo. Para isto, foi coletada uma malha de amostras de solo em campo, definida por meio de fotointerpretação e observação de imagens. Os resultados obtidos em laboratório foram submetidos a análises estatísticas visando a verificação da dependência espacial, que foi comprovada posteriormente. A continuidade espacial foi estudada mediante a elaboração de semivariogramas utilizando-se diferentes modelos. Os melhores semivariogramas foram escolhidos mediante a validação cruzada executada

  12. Infiltração de sal de alumínio em fibras de sisal para obtenção de fibras de alumina Infiltration of aluminum salt into sisal to produce alumina fibers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. E. Andrade Jr.

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available O sisal é um recurso estratégico para a região Nordeste e, particularmente, para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte, por ser uma cultura renovável e adaptada às condições do semi-árido. Em virtude das condições adversas de clima e solo, o sisal é, em algumas regiões, o único produto agrícola rentável passível de plantio. Agregar valor aos produtos manufaturados a partir do sisal contribui não só para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico da região, como também para a geração de renda para a população dos municípios potiguares produtores de sisal. Da planta extraem-se fibras ligninocelulósicas utilizadas na produção artesanal de cordas e industrial de mantas e tapetes. Uma outra alternativa é o aproveitamento da estrutura da fibra para a produção de fibras de alumina (Al2O3 pela biomodelagem. Este processo consiste na reprodução da estruturas natural do material de partida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as condições de infiltração da fibra de sisal com sal de alumínio para posterior conversão da estrutura em fibras de alumina. Inicialmente, as fibras de sisal foram pré-tratadas com hidróxido de sódio, infiltradas com uma solução saturada de sal de alumínio (Al2Cl6 e sinterizadas entre 1400 °C e 1650 °C. A caracterização das fibras de alumina foi feita por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram a conversão completa apenas da superfície da fibra de sisal em alfa-Al2O3, resultando em baixa resistência ao manuseio. Novos métodos de infiltração são propostos com o objetivo de reproduzir-se a estrutura interna da fibra de sisal, resultando em fibras materiais com melhor resistência mecânica.Sisal is a renewable agricultural resource adapted to the hostile climatic and soil conditions particularly encountered in the semi-arid areas of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in Northeastern Brazil. Consequently, sisal has played a

  13. Vae Victis : Esimene juhtum : Walter Reder / Hannes Walter

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Walter, Hannes, 1952-2004

    2004-01-01

    Teises maailmasõjas Saksamaa poolel võidelnud austerlasest Walter Rederist, kes mõisteti 1951. aastal Bolognas kommunistide korraldatud nn Stalini Venemaa stiilis kohtulavastuse tulemusena süüdi sõjaroimarina

  14. Laenufirmad Monetti ja BIG vilistavad seadusele / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2008-01-01

    Uus rahapesuseadus nõuab laenuandjalt kliendi tuvastamist näost näkku, BIG ja SMS-laenuandja Monetti annavad aga laenu endiselt internetivahendusel, eirates finantsinspektsiooni ja rahapesu andmebüroo ettekirjutisi. Vt. samas: Sosaar: kiirustades tehtud seadus

  15. Euroopa võit, meie võit / Hannes Astok

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Astok, Hannes, 1964-

    2007-01-01

    Euroopa reformileppest liikmesriikide vahel. Ilmunud ka Hiiu Leht 14. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Pärnu Postimees 14. dets. 2007, lk. 15 ; Põhjarannik 13. dets. 2007, lk. 4 ; Meie Maa 14. dets. 2007, lk. 2 ; Lääne Elu 13. dets. 2007, lk. 4 ; Oma Saar 28. dets. 2007, lk. 5 ; Sakala 13. dets. 2007, lk. 2

  16. Political liberalization / Olga Pavuk, Hannes Tamme, Zidrunas Damauskas

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Pavuk, Olga

    2001-01-01

    Ilmunud ka: Baltiiskii Kurss, nr. 19, 2001, lk. 20-23. Kütuseturu hetkeseisust Balti riikides. Diagrammid: maagaasi tarbimine Baltimaades 1997-2000; Energiatarbimine Eestis kütuseliikide kaupa 1995. ning prognoosid 2005. ja 2010. aastaks

  17. Hiigeltehingust pudenes ka väikeinvestoritele / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2009-01-01

    2008. aastal alguse saanud turvafirma G4S Baltics aktsiate müük jõudis lõpule pärast seda, kui oma osaluse müüsid rahvusavahelisele turvakontsernile G4S International Holdings Ltd allesjäänud väikeaktsionärid hinnaga 3106 krooni ühe aktsia eest. Diagrammid

  18. Efeito do alumínio sobre o crescimento de raízes, peso seco da parte aérea e raízes de diferentes cultivares de soja Effect of aluminum on root growth, dry matter weight of the above ground parts and roots of soybeans

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hipolito Assunção Antonio Mascarenhas

    1984-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram instalados dois experimentos preliminares, em solução nutritiva, para avaliar a tolerância da soja ao alumínio. No primeiro, foram testados os cultivares Cristalina e UFV-1, utilizando-se os teores 0, 5, 10 e 20mg/litro de Al. Esses níveis foram muito altos e reduziram drasticamente o comprimento das raízes primarias das plântulas após sete dias de crescimento. Com base nesses dados, outro experimento foi instalado, testando os cultivares Lee, Bragg, Cristalina e UFV-1. a 0, 1, 2 e 4mg/litro de Al. Os resultados mostraram que o comprimento das raízes primárias das plântulas foi melhor parâmetro do que o peso seco da parte aérea ou das raízes, para avaliar tolerância de soja ao alumínio. O nível de 1mg/litro na solução foi suficiente para separar os cultivares susceptíveis e tolerantes, enquanto os níveis de 2 e 4mg/litro causaram drástica redução do comprimento de raiz primária das plântulas de todos os cultivares. Nessas condições, 'Lee' e 'Cristalina' mostraram ser tolerantes enquanto o 'Bragg' se apresentou intermediário e o 'UFV-1' foi o mais susceptível entre eles. Os cultivares tolerantes revelaram tendência de acumular menores teores de Al na parte aérea, em comparação com os demais.Two experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to study the level of Al necessary to separate tolerant cultivars from the susceptible. In the first experiment the levels of Al were 0, 5, 10 and 20mg/l and two cultivars Cristalina and UFV-1 were studied. These levels were found to be too high as they had drastic effect on the primary roots after 7 days of transplanting. Based on this data another experiment was conducted using 0, 1, 2 and 4mg/l of Al and using cultivars Lee, Bragg, Cristalina and UFV-1. The results showed that the length of the primary root was the best parameter as compared with dry weight of the above ground parts and roots to evaluate tolerance of soybeans to Al. The level of 1mg/l was adequate to

  19. pH, sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e alumínio em solos contaminados com fluido de perfuração de poços de petróleo após ensaios de lixiviação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Cardoso de Freitas

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Na exploração do petróleo, o uso de fluidos de perfuração é essencial para o equilíbrio da pressão entre as formações e o interior do poço, além de impedir o refluxo do reservatório de petróleo ao poço. Os fluidos também são responsáveis pela elevação dos cascalhos de perfuração à superfície. Entretanto, estes podem ser potenciais contaminantes do ambiente, uma vez que chegam à superfície impregnados de fluidos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o pH e os teores de Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+e Al3+em um Latossolo e um Planossolo submetidos a doses de fluido de perfuração, após sofrerem dois ensaios de lixiviação. Os resultados mostraram que a adição dos fluidos ao Planossolo e Latossolo nas concentrações de 4%, 8% e 16% (m/m reduziu o alumínio tóxico a zero e promoveu aumento do pH do solo, Na+, K+e Ca2+em comparação ao controle

  20. 27. ja 28. IX toimus Narvas VII Eesti muuseumide näituste festival ja seminar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2004-01-01

    I koha pälvis ERMi ja Adamson-Ericu muuseumi koostööprojekt "Viinapuuväät. Maasikakiri II" (kontseptsiooni ja haridusprogrammi autorid Vaike Reemann, Ülle Kruus, Kersti Koll ja Kai Tuvik, kujundaja Denes Farkas, monteerija Vahur Puik), II - Tartu Kunstimuuseumi näitus "Muuseum muuseumis" (kontseptsiooni autorid ja teostajad Ahti Seppet, Hannes Varblane), III - Viljandi muuseumi näitus "Rõõmud lumel ja jääl" (idee autor Herki Helves)

  1. Psychometric properties of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in home-dwelling older adults

    OpenAIRE

    Tuntland, Hanne; Aaslund,Mona; Langeland,Eva; Espehaug,Birgitte; Kjeken,Ingvild

    2016-01-01

    Hanne Tuntland,1,2 Mona Kristin Aaslund,1 Eva Langeland,2 Birgitte Espehaug,3 Ingvild Kjeken4,5 1Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 2Centre for Care Research Western Norway, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; 3Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; 4National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 5Departmen...

  2. Hinge kaudu võimu juurde / Danah Zohar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Zohar, Danah

    2006-01-01

    Vt. järelkaja Director, 2006/Apr, nr. 4, lk. 8, kus arvamust avaldavad Thulema nõukogu esimees August Kull, GO Traveli nõukogu esimees Tiit Pruuli ja Eest Ekspressi vastutav väljaandja Hans H. Luik. 12 põhimõttest, millega edendada vaimselt intelligentset juhtimist. Vt. samas: Tammemäe, Aira. Kuidas sündis Camino de Santiago juhtimiskoolitus. Lisa: Mida saab Santiago teel õppida? Kommenteerivad Mare Pork, Hannes Tamjärv

  3. Purification of pulp and paper mill effluent using Eichornia crassipes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yedla, S; Mitra, A; Bandyopadhyay, M

    2002-04-01

    Konark Pulp and Paper Industries Private Limited is a medium size industry producing 1600 m3 of wastewater a day. The existing water treatment system of the industry was found to be ineffective both in performance and economy. In the present study, a new system of treatment has been developed using water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes, coagulation by lime and alum, followed by rapid sand filtration. The performance efficiency of each unit viz. Eichornia treatment; coagulation with lime, with alum, and with lime:alum combinations, and filtration was studied. Water quality parameters considered were Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolved Solids, turbidity, percentage transmission, and water colour. Based on the individual performance of each unit, a continuous system has been designed and was tested. The new system of treatment could treat the wastewater to the discharge standards and also was found economically feasible. Testing culture of fish (tilapia) proved that the treated water could be safely discharged into natural waters. All fish tested, survived and remained healthy throughout the period of testing. Culture of fish further improved the water quality.

  4. The reactivity of natural organic matter to disinfection by-products formation and its relation to specific ultraviolet absorbance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kitis, M; Karanfil, T; Kilduff, J E; Wigton, A

    2001-01-01

    Five natural waters with a broad range of DOC concentrations were fractionated using various coal- and wood-based granular activated carbons (GAC) and alum coagulation. Adsorption and alum coagulation fractionated NOM solutions by preferentially removing components having high specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA). UV absorbing fractions of NOM were found to be the major contributors to DBP formation. SUVA appears to be an accurate predictor of reactivity with chlorine in terms of DBP yield; however, it was also found that low-SUVA components of NOM have higher bromine incorporation. SUVA has promise as a parameter for on-line monitoring and control of DBP formation in practical applications; however, the effects of bromide concentration may also need to be considered. Understanding how reactivity is correlated to SUVA may allow utilities to optimize the degree of treatment required to comply with DBP regulations. The reactive components that require removal, and the degree of treatment necessary to accomplish this removal, may be directly obtained from the relationship between SUVA removal and the degree of treatment (e.g., alum dose).

  5. Relative Coagulation Effectiveness of Jatropha curcas Press Cake (Physic Nut and Aluminium Sulphate in Purifying Domestic Sewage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kamoru Akanni ADENIRAN

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available An investigation was conducted on the relative effectiveness of using press cake of dried Jatropha curcas (Physic nut seed and alum (Aluminium sulphate for the purification of domestic sewage. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD replicated three times. Physical and chemical properties of domestic sewage were investigated before and after the purification exercise. Treatments imposed included: the control culture (no alum and Jatropha, 10 mg/l of Aluminium Sulphate (alum treatment, 80 mg/l of J. curcas treatment, 100 mg/l of J. curcas treatment and 120 mg/l of J. curcas treatment. The results showed that for the total dissolved solids, cultured tanks treated with 80 mg/l of J. curcas reduced the sewage concentration from 30.1 mg/l to 23.20 mg/l, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD was reduced from 30.55 mg/l to 30.10 mg/l, increased acidity from 5.33 mg/l to 5.66 mg/l, reduced alkalinity from 6.35 mg/l to 6.0 mg/l, reduced pH from 7.6 to 6.55, and likewise 10 mg/l of alum also reduced pH from 7.6 to 6.55. The cultured tanks treated with 120 mg/l of J. curcas performed best in reducing turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD of the sewage. The turbidity was reduced from 5.99 NTU to 5.6 NTU; 120 mg/l of J. curcas also reduced total hardness from 9.6 mg/l to 7.15 mg/l, total solids from 55.6 mg/l to 55.17 mg/l. Cultured tanks treated with 10 mg/l of alum reduced total dissolved solids from 30.1 mg/l to 24.30 mg/l, while those treated with 80 mg/l of J. curcas reduced it from 30.1 mg/l to 23.20 mg/l, 100 mg/l and 120 mg/l of J. curcas reduced it to 25.20 mg/l. Total suspended solids increased from 25.5 mg/l to 30.96 mg/l for 10 mg/l of alum, to 30.22 mg/l for 80 mg/l of J. curcas, 30.26 mg/l for 100 mg/l of J. curcas and 30.38 mg/l for 120 mg/l of J. curcas. Conductivity increased withion the study period from 525 μS/cm to 830 μS/cm for 10 mg/l of alum, to 590 μS/cm for 80 mg/l of J. curcas, 634 μS/cm for 100 mg/l of J

  6. Structural prediction in aphasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tessa Warren

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available There is considerable evidence that young healthy comprehenders predict the structure of upcoming material, and that their processing is facilitated when they encounter material matching those predictions (e.g., Staub & Clifton, 2006; Yoshida, Dickey & Sturt, 2013. However, less is known about structural prediction in aphasia. There is evidence that lexical prediction may be spared in aphasia (Dickey et al., 2014; Love & Webb, 1977; cf. Mack et al, 2013. However, predictive mechanisms supporting facilitated lexical access may not necessarily support structural facilitation. Given that many people with aphasia (PWA exhibit syntactic deficits (e.g. Goodglass, 1993, PWA with such impairments may not engage in structural prediction. However, recent evidence suggests that some PWA may indeed predict upcoming structure (Hanne, Burchert, De Bleser, & Vashishth, 2015. Hanne et al. tracked the eyes of PWA (n=8 with sentence-comprehension deficits while they listened to reversible subject-verb-object (SVO and object-verb-subject (OVS sentences in German, in a sentence-picture matching task. Hanne et al. manipulated case and number marking to disambiguate the sentences’ structure. Gazes to an OVS or SVO picture during the unfolding of a sentence were assumed to indicate prediction of the structure congruent with that picture. According to this measure, the PWA’s structural prediction was impaired compared to controls, but they did successfully predict upcoming structure when morphosyntactic cues were strong and unambiguous. Hanne et al.’s visual-world evidence is suggestive, but their forced-choice sentence-picture matching task places tight constraints on possible structural predictions. Clearer evidence of structural prediction would come from paradigms where the content of upcoming material is not as constrained. The current study used self-paced reading study to examine structural prediction among PWA in less constrained contexts. PWA (n=17 who

  7. Influência do pré-tratamento na ação anticorrosiva de revestimentos híbridos de sol-gel aplicados na liga EN AW-6063

    OpenAIRE

    Moreira, Edna Fernandes, 1985-

    2012-01-01

    Tese de mestrado em Química Tecnológica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2012 O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da influência de pré-tratamentos superficiais no desempenho à corrosão de revestimentos híbridos de sol-gel para a proteção de uma liga de alumínio frequentemente utilizada na construção civil. Para atingir esse objetivo foram aplicados diversos pré-tratamentos à liga de alumínio EN AW-6063. Os pré-tratamentos adotados consist...

  8. Visualizing Sound Directivity via Smartphone Sensors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawley, Scott H.; McClain, Robert E.

    2018-02-01

    When Yang-Hann Kim received the Rossing Prize in Acoustics Education at the 2015 meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, he stressed the importance of offering visual depictions of sound fields when teaching acoustics. Often visualization methods require specialized equipment such as microphone arrays or scanning apparatus. We present a simple method for visualizing angular dependence in sound fields, made possible via the confluence of sensors available via a new smartphone app that the authors have developed.

  9. Avgang 2017: Don Giovanni i Operaen

    OpenAIRE

    2017-01-01

    Opera av W.A. Mozart, med våre MA-studenter og gjester. Medvirkende: Dagfinn Andersen (MA2), Emil Havold Næshagen (MA1), Hanne Korsbrekke Askeland (MA2), Nora Oleanne Sårheim (MA2?), Sara Aasen (MA2), Marcela Randem (MA1), Eilert Hasseldal (MA1). Gjester: Eirik Grøtvedt, Per Lindström, Pavels Trofimiks. Kostymer: Fredrik Straum Floen. Dessuten medvirker kor (NMH), strykere (Ensemble Allegri) og blåsere (Stabsmusikken i Oslo)

  10. Clinical and parasitological protection in a Leishmania infantum-macaque model vaccinated with adenovirus and the recombinant A2 antigen.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grimaldi, Gabriel; Teva, Antonio; Porrozzi, Renato; Pinto, Marcelo A; Marchevsky, Renato S; Rocha, Maria Gabrielle L; Dutra, Miriam S; Bruña-Romero, Oscar; Fernandes, Ana-Paula; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T

    2014-06-01

    Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe vector-born disease of humans and dogs caused by Leishmania donovani complex parasites. Approximately 0.2 to 0.4 million new human VL cases occur annually worldwide. In the new world, these alarming numbers are primarily due to the impracticality of current control methods based on vector reduction and dog euthanasia. Thus, a prophylactic vaccine appears to be essential for VL control. The current efforts to develop an efficacious vaccine include the use of animal models that are as close to human VL. We have previously reported a L. infantum-macaque infection model that is reliable to determine which vaccine candidates are most worthy for further development. Among the few amastigote antigens tested so far, one of specific interest is the recombinant A2 (rA2) protein that protects against experimental L. infantum infections in mice and dogs. Primates were vaccinated using three rA2-based prime-boost immunization regimes: three doses of rA2 plus recombinant human interleukin-12 (rhIL-12) adsorbed in alum (rA2/rhIL-12/alum); two doses of non-replicative adenovirus recombinant vector encoding A2 (Ad5-A2) followed by two boosts with rA2/rhIL-12/alum (Ad5-A2+rA2/rhIL12/alum); and plasmid DNA encoding A2 gene (DNA-A2) boosted with two doses of Ad5-A2 (DNA-A2+Ad5-A2). Primates received a subsequent infectious challenge with L. infantum. Vaccines, apart from being safe, were immunogenic as animals responded with increased pre-challenge production of anti-A2-specific IgG antibodies, though with some variability in the response, depending on the vaccine formulation/protocol. The relative parasite load in the liver was significantly lower in immunized macaques as compared to controls. Protection correlated with hepatic granuloma resolution, and reduction of clinical symptoms, particularly when primates were vaccinated with the Ad5-A2+rA2/rhIL12/alum protocol. The remarkable clinical protection induced by A2 in an animal model that is

  11. Penggunaan H-Zeolit dan Tawas dalam Pemurnian Crude Glycerol dengan Proses Adsorpsi dan Koagulasi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isalmi Aziz, M.T

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil byproducts such as crude glycerol with low purity. The crude glycerol containing compounds impurities such as free fatty acids, alcohol, soap, catalyst and water. Compound adsorption of impurities can be done with the H-zeolite as adsorbent, but the resulting quality is still not good. To improve its quality, this research was added alum (coagulation process so that the adsorption of colloidal-sized compound impurities which can be separated from the glycerol. The purpose of this research is determine optimal condition of adsorption and coagulation impurity compounds of crude glycerol by using H-zeolite and  alum and  also determine quality of glycerol  was obtained. First, crude glycerol acidified by phosphoric acid 85% (pure analysis until desired pH ±2.5. It was obtained purity of glycerol 72.797%. The next process is adsorption with activated H-zeolite and it obtained purity of glycerol 77.079%. The last process in this research is adsorption and coagulation by using H-zeolite and alum. The highest purity glycerol 93.803% was obtained from condition of adsorption and coagulation for 75 minutes; alum’s concentration 80 ppm; and temperature 60 ºC. The glycerol discharged from adsorption and coagulation process by using H-zeolite and alum is qualify Indonesia National Standard number 06-1564-1995 with 3.512% water content; 2.438% ash content; 0.247% MONG content; has no sugar; 1.259 g/mL density of glycerol; 0.2356% potassium content and 0.0410% aluminium content; and brighter color.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.5143

  12. Titration and Spectroscopic Measurements of Poultry Litter pH Buffering Capacity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cassity-Duffey, Kate; Cabrera, Miguel; Mowrer, Jake; Kissel, David

    2015-07-01

    The pH value of poultry litter is affected by nitrification, mineralization, and the addition of acidifying chemicals, all acting on the poultry litter pH buffering capacity (pHBC). Increased understanding of poultry litter pHBC will aid in modeling NH volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter as well as estimating rates of alum applications. Our objectives were to (i) determine the pHBC of a wide range of poultry litters; (ii) assess the accuracy of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining poultry litter pHBC; and (iii) demonstrate the use of poultry litter pHBC to increase the accuracy of alum additions. Litter pHBC was determined by titration and calculated from linear and sigmoidal curves. For the 37 litters measured, linear pHBC ranged from 187 to 537 mmol (pH unit) kg dry litter. The linear and sigmoidal curves provided accurate predictions of pHBC, with most > 0.90. Results from NIRS analysis showed that the linear pHBC expressed on an "as is" water content basis had a NIRS coefficient of calibration (developed using a modified partial least squares procedure) of 0.90 for the 37 poultry litters measured. Using the litter pHBC, an empirical model was derived to determine the amount of alum needed to create a target pH. The model performed well in the range of pH 6.5 to 7.5 (RMSE = 0.07) but underpredicted the amount of alum needed to reach pH litter, which prevented its hydrolysis. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

  13. Plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khatri, Kapil; Goyal, Amit K; Gupta, Prem N; Mishra, Neeraj; Vyas, Suresh P

    2008-04-16

    This work investigates the preparation and in vivo efficacy of plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B. Chitosan pDNA nanoparticles were prepared using a complex coacervation process. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized for size, shape, surface charge, plasmid loading and ability of nanoparticles to protect DNA against nuclease digestion and for their transfection efficacy. Nasal administration of nanoparticles resulted in serum anti-HBsAg titre that was less compared to that elicited by naked DNA and alum adsorbed HBsAg, but the mice were seroprotective within 2 weeks and the immunoglobulin level was above the clinically protective level. However, intramuscular administration of naked DNA and alum adsorbed HBsAg did not elicit sIgA titre in mucosal secretions that was induced by nasal immunization with chitosan nanoparticles. Similarly, cellular responses (cytokine levels) were poor in case of alum adsorbed HBsAg. Chitosan nanoparticles thus produced humoral (both systemic and mucosal) and cellular immune responses upon nasal administration. The study signifies the potential of chitosan nanoparticles as DNA vaccine carrier and adjuvant for effective immunization through non-invasive nasal route.

  14. Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Assay to Detect Hepatitis C Virus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lina MR; Dadang S; Budiman Bela

    2004-01-01

    Research on the detection of hepatitis C virus in blood serum using PCR technique has been carried out. Amount of 50 blood serum from laboratory of Indonesia Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia = PMI) and RSCM hospital as samples, were used in this research. Lysis of virus cell and extraction of RNA virus as a preliminary treatment of the sample, was done with BOOM method using guanidine thiocyanate and diatomaceous earth, respectively. Synthesis of cDNA from RNA as an extraction product mentioned above, was carried out by means of reverse-transcriptase and RNA-se inhibitor. Amplification of cDNA was done with nested PCR technique that was performed with two times PCR processes using two pairs of oligonucleotide primers for each process. The amplified DNA was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Subsequently, the DNA was visualized with UV transilluminator. Result shows that of 50 blood serum samples, 13 serum were positive for RNA HCV that were performed with the present of specific DNA band on agarose gel. (author)

  15. NANOCOLORAÇÃO DE LIGAS DE ALUMÍNIO

    OpenAIRE

    GUILHERME JOSÉ TURCATEL ALVES

    2012-01-01

    A utilização do alumínio torna-se cada vez maior, devido à leveza do metal e sua elevada resistência a corrosão. A anodização do alumínio é uma técnica bem conhecida e está sendo muito utilizada para o aumento da durabilidade do metal. Esta técnica força eletroquimicamente o crescimento da camada de óxido. A camada anodizada tem a peculiaridade de possuir nanotubos o que permite a inserção de pigmentos e outros compostos no interior destes. O processo de anodização, utilizado industrialmente ...

  16. Revestimentos obtidos por oxidação da liga AA3104-H19 por plasma eletrolítico (PEO)

    OpenAIRE

    Luciene Vanessa Maia da Rocha

    2013-01-01

    Resumo: O alumínio (Al) é o terceiro elemento metálico mais abundante na Terra. É um metal leve e é notável pela sua capacidade de resistir à corrosão. Estas características tornam o alumínio amplamente utilizado para embalagens de bebida, sendo importante na proteção e na conservação do produto. Entretanto, produtos muito ácidos, como por exemplo, os refrigerantes, os chás e os sucos cítricos, podem levar à corrosão de embalagens metálicas, ocasionando a degradação do material. Atualmente, s...

  17. Riia Piim võeti eestlastelt ilma rahata / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2010-01-01

    Swedbankile, panga võtmeklientidele ja Gild Arbitrage'i fondile kuulunud osaluse Riia piimakombinaadis võttis üle USA investeerimisfirma Darby Overseas Investments. Raha hinnanguliselt 150-250 miljoni kroonise väärtusega osaluse eest eestlastele ei laekunud, sest aktsiad olid juba soetamise hetkel panditud Darby Overseas Investmentsile

  18. Arstidel on keeruline võõrsilt naasta / Hanneli Rudi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rudi, Hanneli

    2011-01-01

    Aastaid välismaal töötanud arstidel on raske Eestis tööd leida, sest vastavaid töökuulutusi Eesti Arstide Liidu ja haiglate kodulehed ei avalda. Eestisse tagasi tulla sooviv neuroloog Merle Ööpik ja lastepsühholoog Airiin Demir oma tööotsimiskogemustest

  19. Tool sai veerandi Silvanost võla katteks / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2010-01-01

    Indrek Rahumaa on väidetavalt võtnud Toomas Tooli ja Stephan David Balkini käest laenu, pantides Silvano Fashion Group aktsiaid. 31. detsembril andis ettevõte börsile teateid selle kohta, et Toomas Tool omab Silvano Fashion Groupi aktsiatest 24,52% ja Stephan David Balkin - 20%

  20. Seitse küsimust teie turvalisuse kohta / Hannes Rumm

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rumm, Hannes, 1968-

    2008-01-01

    Uue töölepingu seaduse eelnõust. Ilmunud ka Põhjarannik 12. jaan. 2008, lk. 4 ; Oma Saar 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 5 ; Hiiu Leht 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 2, pealkiri kujul: Tunnete end turvaliselt? ; Järva Teataja 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Harjumaa 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Sõnumitooja 16. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Vali Uudised 16. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Meie Maa 16. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Vooremaa 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Lääne Elu 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Sakala 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 2, pealkiri kujul: Seitse kontrollküsimust, Türi Rahvaleht 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 4 ; Harju Ekspress 18. jaan. 2008, lk. 6 ; Valgamaalane 15. jaan. 2008, lk. 2 ; Lõunaleht 17. jaan. 2008, lk. 4 ; Kuulutaja 18. kaan. 2008, lk. 4 ; Pärnu Postimees 31. jaan. 2008, lk. 15

  1. Töötajad vajavad turvatunnet, majandus paindlikkust / Hannes Rumm

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rumm, Hannes, 1968-

    2008-01-01

    Uue töölepingu seaduse eelnõust. Ilmunud ka Meie Maa 29. aprill 2008, lk. 2 ; Valid Uudised 30. aprill 2008, lk. 2 ; Harju Ekspress 2. mai 2008, lk. 6 ; Kuulutaja 2. mai 2008, lk. 4 ; Virumaa Teataja 6. mai 2008, lk. 11 ; Koit 6. mai 2008, lk. 6 ; Hiiu Leht 13. mai 2008, lk. 2 ; Pärnu Postimees 13. mai 2008, lk. 15

  2. Kuressaare 2008. aasta parimad ehitised selgunud / kommenteerinud Hannes Koppel

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2009-01-01

    Parim terviklahendus golfiala (golfiväljaku projekteerija soome arhitekt Lassi Pekka Tilander, klubihoone projekteeris arhitektuuristuudio Siim & Kreis arhitekt Andres Siim). Parim uusehitis eramu Merikotka 45 (projekteerija Ösel Plan arhitekt Terje Truumaa) ja parim renoveeritud ehitis vana pritsumaja (Kuressaare Kommunaalprojekt projekteerija Galina Kanemägi)

  3. Rüütel, Ilves ja mustvalge meediapilt / Hannes Sarv

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Sarv, Hannes

    2007-01-01

    Vastukaja president Toomas Hendrik Ilvese poolt BBCRussian.comi ja Rambler.ru lugejatele antud intervjuule (ilmunud Eesti Päevalehes 10. apr. 2007, lk. 5), milles president tõstis vene kirjanduse seast esile Vladimir Nabokovi teoseid. Autor leiab, et Eesti meedia on kohelnud eelmist presidenti Arnold Rüütlit ja praegust presidenti ebavõrdselt, eriti ilmnes see presidendivalimiste käigus

  4. The Immunomodulatory Role of Adjuvants in Vaccines Formulated with the Recombinant Antigens Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 against Onchocerca volvulus in Mice.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jessica A Hess

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available In some regions in Africa, elimination of onchocerciasis may be possible with mass drug administration, although there is concern based on several factors that onchocerciasis cannot be eliminated solely through this approach. A vaccine against Onchocerca volvulus would provide a critical tool for the ultimate elimination of this infection. Previous studies have demonstrated that immunization of mice with Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2, when formulated with alum, induced protective immunity. It was hypothesized that the levels of protective immunity induced with the two recombinant antigens formulated with alum would be improved by formulation with other adjuvants known to enhance different types of antigen-specific immune responses.Immunizing mice with Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 in conjunction with alum, Advax 2 and MF59 induced significant levels of larval killing and host protection. The immune response was biased towards Th2 with all three of the adjuvants, with IgG1 the dominant antibody. Improved larval killing and host protection was observed in mice immunized with co-administered Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 in conjunction with each of the three adjuvants as compared to single immunizations. Antigen-specific antibody titers were significantly increased in mice immunized concurrently with the two antigens. Based on chemokine levels, it appears that neutrophils and eosinophils participate in the protective immune response induced by Ov-103, and macrophages and neutrophils participate in immunity induced by Ov-RAL-2.The mechanism of protective immunity induced by Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2, with the adjuvants alum, Advax 2 and MF59, appears to be multifactorial with roles for cytokines, chemokines, antibody and specific effector cells. The vaccines developed in this study have the potential of reducing the morbidity associated with onchocerciasis in humans.

  5. Short outlines of books by Estonian authors : [annotations] / Rutt Hinrikus, Janika Kronberg

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Hinrikus, Rutt, 1946-

    1997-01-01

    Vint, Toomas. Kojamehe naine; Mihkelson, Ene. Surma sünnipäev; Vint, Toomas. Naisepiinaja õnnenatukene; Kross, Jaan. Mesmeri ring; Vetemaa, Enn. Väegade noobel kooljas...; Berg, Maimu. Ma armastasin venelast; Kivi, Aita. Jumalakäpp; Berg, Maimu. Mina, moeajakirjanik; Kivastik, Mart. Palun õnnelikuks; Kivisildnik, Sven. Nagu härjale punane kärbseseen; Varblane, Hannes. Vihkamiseta; Ehin, Andres. Rummu Jüri mälestused; Tode, Emil (Õnnepalu, Tõnu). Mõõt; Raudam, Toomas. Tarzani seiklused Tallinnas; Ehlvest, Jüri. Ikka veel Bagdadis; Ehlvest, Jüri. Krutsiaania

  6. FILMMUSIC: THE THEORY OF TECHNOLOGIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chernyshov Alexander V.

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available The article presents a review of the basic literature on the theory of film music technologies. Basic concepts of sound film music are discussed on the examples of works of Russian (Soviet and post-Soviet and foreign scholars: Polish, German, French, English, and American. Analyzed the music theory, starting from the works by Sergey Eisenstein and Hanns Eisler to modern researchers such as George Burt and Michel Chion. Author of the article demarcated "functional theories of filmmusic" and "theories of sound layers".

  7. Penggunaan ekstrak kayu nangka (artocarpus heterophyllus sebagai bahan pewarna untuk kulit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect Alum content and time of mordanting on the rub fastness. Natural dyes from wood dyes Artocarpus heterophyllus haved an intermediate acid resistance (acetic acid, a good alkali resistance (natrium carbonat0 but they had very low sulphur acid resistance and low formic acid resistence. Natural dyes from wood dyes Artocarpus heterophyllus could be used as colouring matter on goat skin distributed throughout the substance of the fibre goat skin. Their rub fastness was a good (dry and wet. The variation of amounts alum (1%, 2%, 3% and treatment of mordanting (before and during dyeing did not influence on rub fastness (dry and wet.

  8. Treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Safaa M. Raghab

    2013-08-01

    The main goal of this study is to utilize a natural low cost material “as an accelerator additive to enhance the chemical treatment process using Alum coagulant and the accelerator substances were Perlite and Bentonite. The performance of the chemical treatment was enhanced using the accelerator substances with 90 mg/l Alum as a constant dose. Perlite gave better performance than the Bentonite effluent. The removal ratio for conductivity, turbidity, BOD and COD for Perlite was 86.7%, 87.4%, 89.9% and 92.8% respectively, and for Bentonite was 83.5%, 85.0%, 86.5% and 85.0% respectively at the same concentration of 40 mg/l for each.

  9. METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF CESIUM VALUES

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rimshaw, S.J.

    1960-02-16

    A method is given for recovering Cs/sup 137/ from radioactive waste solutions together with extraneous impurities. Ammonium alum is precipitated in the waste solution. The alum, which carries the cesium, is separated from the supernatant liquid and then dissolved in water. The resulting aqueous solution is then provided with a source of hydroxyl ions, which precipitates aluminum as the hydroxide, and the aluminum hydroxide is separated from the resulting liquid. This liquid, which contains anionic impurities together with ammonium and cesium, is passed through an anion exchange resin bed which removes the anionic impurities. The ammonium in the effluent is removed by destructive distiilation, leaving a substantiaily pure cesium salt in the effluent.

  10. Toxicidade do alumínio e efeito do ácido giberélico em linhas quase isogênicas de trigo com o caráter permanência verde e maturação sincronizada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Simone Alves

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar linhas quase isogênicas de trigo com o caráter permanência verde e de maturação sincronizada quanto à tolerância ao alumínio e à sensibilidade ao ácido giberélico (AG3. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Duplo-haplóides e Hidroponia da FAEM/UFPel, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas com três repetições, através do teste simultâneo utilizando solução nutritiva com concentrações de 10mg L-1 de Al3+ e 100mg L-1 de AG3. Foram determinados: a inserção da 1feminine folha, o comprimento da 1feminine folha, a inserção da 2feminine folha, comprimento da 2feminine folha, diferença da inserção entre a 1feminine e 2feminine folha, estatura de plântula, estatura de planta, área foliar, área radicular e o crescimento de raiz. Os caracteres estatura da plântula, inserção da 1feminine folha e comprimento da 2feminine folha foram os mais expressivos para a seleção de indivíduos com estatura reduzida através da reação do AG3. O grupo do caráter permanência verde apresentou maior insensibilidade à ação do AG3, enquanto o grupo de plantas sincronizadas proporcionou maior tolerância ao Al3+. Contudo, existe possibilidade de selecionar linhas quase isogênicas dentro do grupo permanência verde com tolerância ao Al3+ e insensibilidade ao AG3 através da técnica de cultivo hidropônico com solução nutritiva em ambiente controlado.

  11. Clay Nanoparticles Elicit Long-Term Immune Responses by Forming Biodegradable Depots for Sustained Antigen Stimulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Weiyu; Zuo, Huali; Li, Bei; Duan, Chengcheng; Rolfe, Barbara; Zhang, Bing; Mahony, Timothy J; Xu, Zhi Ping

    2018-05-01

    Nanomaterials have been widely tested as new generation vaccine adjuvants, but few evoke efficient immunoreactions. Clay nanoparticles, for example, layered double hydroxide (LDH) and hectorite (HEC) nanoparticles, have shown their potent adjuvanticity in generating effective and durable immune responses. However, the mechanism by which clay nanoadjuvants stimulate the immune system is not well understood. Here, it is demonstrated that LDH and HEC-antigen complexes form loose agglomerates in culture medium/serum. They also form nodules with loose structures in tissue after subcutaneous injection, where they act as a depot for up to 35 d. More importantly, clay nanoparticles actively and continuously recruit immune cells into the depot for up to one month, and stimulate stronger immune responses than FDA-approved adjuvants, Alum and QuilA. Sustained antigen release is also observed in clay nanoparticle depots, with 50-60% antigen released after 35 d. In contrast, Alum-antigen complexes show minimal antigen release from the depot. Importantly, LDH and HEC are more effective than QuilA and Alum in promoting memory T-cell proliferation. These findings suggest that both clay nanoadjuvants can serve as active vaccine platforms for sustained and potent immune responses. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. Removal of arsenic and iron removal from drinking water using coagulation and biological treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pramanik, Biplob Kumar; Pramanik, Sagor Kumar; Suja, Fatihah

    2016-02-01

    Effects of biological activated carbon (BAC), biological aerated filter (BAF), alum coagulation and Moringa oleifera coagulation were investigated to remove iron and arsenic contaminants from drinking water. At an initial dose of 5 mg/L, the removal efficiency for arsenic and iron was 63% and 58% respectively using alum, and 47% and 41% respectively using Moringa oleifera. The removal of both contaminants increased with the increase in coagulant dose and decrease in pH. Biological processes were more effective in removing these contaminants than coagulation. Compared to BAF, BAC gave greater removal of both arsenic and iron, removing 85% and 74%, respectively. Longer contact time for both processes could reduce the greater concentration of arsenic and iron contaminants. The addition of coagulation (at 5 mg/L dosage) and a biological process (with 15 or 60 min contact time) could significantly increase removal efficiency, and the maximum removal was observed for the combination of alum and BAC treatment (60 min contact time), with 100% and 98.56% for arsenic and iron respectively. The reduction efficiency of arsenic and iron reduced with the increase in the concentration of dissolved organics in the feedwater due to the adsorption competition between organic molecules and heavy metals.

  13. PEMANFAATAN KULIT KAYU ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus SEBAGAI SUMBER ZAT WARNA ALAM PADA PEWARNAAN KAIN BATIK SUTERA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dwi Wiji Lestari

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian pemanfaatan kulit kayu angsana (Pterocarpus indicus sebagai sumber zat warna alam untuk pewarnaan kain batik sutera. Ekstraksi ZWA dilakukan dengan pelarut air dengan variasi suhu ekstraksi 75 °C dan 100 °C. Pewarnaan zat warna alam kemudian diaplikasikan pada kain batik sutera pada kondisi pencelupan asam (pH 4 dan basa (pH 10. Mordan awal yang digunakan adalah tawas dan jirak. Diakhir pewarnaan alam dilakukan fiksasi dengan menggunakan tawas dan tunjung. Berdasar hasil penelitian, kulit kayu angsana terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai sumber zat warna alam untuk batik sutera. Ketuaan warna paling tinggi diperoleh pada pewarnaan batik sutera dengan menggunakan mordan jirek pada suhu ekstraksi 100 °C dalam kondisi pencelupan basa dengan fiksator tunjung. Arah warna yang dihasilkan adalah coklat tua pada suasana pencelupan asam dengan fiksasi tunjung, coklat kemerahan pada suasana  pencelupan asam fiksasi tawas, coklat kemerahan pada suasana  pencelupan basa fiksasi tawas dan coklat tanah pada suasana  pencelupan basa dengan fiksasi tunjung. Hasil uji ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian dari sampel pewarnaan menunjukkan kualitas baik yaitu pada skala 4-5 (Baik. Study on utilizationof angsana (Pterocarpus indicus as natural dye for silk batik has been conducted. The study was aimed to determine the quality of the natural dyeing of the bark of angsana by use jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll. and alum as the natural mordant. Extraction of natural dye was carried out using water by varying the extraction temperature of 75 and 100 °C. The coloration was applied to silk batik at both acid (pH 4 and basic (pH 6 impregnations. The mordant employed  were alum and jirak. The last stage was fixation using alum and ferrosulfate. Based on the results, angsana was proved to be used as a source of natural dyes for silk batik. The highest color intensity was obtained by using angsana bark extract and jirak as mordant at

  14. Clinical and parasitological protection in a Leishmania infantum-macaque model vaccinated with adenovirus and the recombinant A2 antigen.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Grimaldi

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL is a severe vector-born disease of humans and dogs caused by Leishmania donovani complex parasites. Approximately 0.2 to 0.4 million new human VL cases occur annually worldwide. In the new world, these alarming numbers are primarily due to the impracticality of current control methods based on vector reduction and dog euthanasia. Thus, a prophylactic vaccine appears to be essential for VL control. The current efforts to develop an efficacious vaccine include the use of animal models that are as close to human VL. We have previously reported a L. infantum-macaque infection model that is reliable to determine which vaccine candidates are most worthy for further development. Among the few amastigote antigens tested so far, one of specific interest is the recombinant A2 (rA2 protein that protects against experimental L. infantum infections in mice and dogs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Primates were vaccinated using three rA2-based prime-boost immunization regimes: three doses of rA2 plus recombinant human interleukin-12 (rhIL-12 adsorbed in alum (rA2/rhIL-12/alum; two doses of non-replicative adenovirus recombinant vector encoding A2 (Ad5-A2 followed by two boosts with rA2/rhIL-12/alum (Ad5-A2+rA2/rhIL12/alum; and plasmid DNA encoding A2 gene (DNA-A2 boosted with two doses of Ad5-A2 (DNA-A2+Ad5-A2. Primates received a subsequent infectious challenge with L. infantum. Vaccines, apart from being safe, were immunogenic as animals responded with increased pre-challenge production of anti-A2-specific IgG antibodies, though with some variability in the response, depending on the vaccine formulation/protocol. The relative parasite load in the liver was significantly lower in immunized macaques as compared to controls. Protection correlated with hepatic granuloma resolution, and reduction of clinical symptoms, particularly when primates were vaccinated with the Ad5-A2+rA2/rhIL12/alum protocol. CONCLUSIONS

  15. Alum expands master's research, presents in UK

    OpenAIRE

    2015-01-01

    Center for Homeland Defense and Security News and Stories CATEGORY: STORIES Dr. William Pilkington was interested in developing a more analytical approach to allocating resources as he wrote his CHDS master's degree thesis, “Risk, Politics, and Money: Need for A Value-Based Model

  16. Multiplicação in vitro e aclimatação de Vernonia condensata Baker In vitro multiplication and acclimation of Vernonia condensata Baker

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.A.A. Vicente

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available A espécie medicinal Vernonia condensata, vulgarmente conhecida por alumã, pertencente à família Asteraceae, possui propriedades analgésicas e de proteção gástrica. A crescente utilização dessa planta no Nordeste, pelas propriedades terapêuticas, justifica a necessidade de medidas que minimizem o impacto de sua exploração nas reservas naturais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi multiplicar in vitro plantas de alumã sob diferentes concentrações de BAP e aclimatá-las. Gemas axilares foram desinfestadas em solução de álcool etílico 70%, durante 2 minutos e em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (2% de cloro ativo na concentração de 3:1, durante 15 minutos, seguido de três lavagens em água destilada estéril. Os tratamentos para multiplicação consistiram em doses de BAP (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 mg L-1 em meio MS semi-sólido. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 5 repetições, contendo 10 gemas por repetição. Após 30 dias de cultivo observou-se maior taxa de explantes responsivos, 84% na concentração de 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP, com produção de 4,0 brotos/explante. Nos tratamentos 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 mg L-1 ocorreu hiperhidricidade nas folhas. As microplantas de alumã provenientes da metodologia utilizada neste trabalho alcançaram 100% de sobrevivência na aclimatação.The medicinal species Vernonia condensata, commonly known as "alumã", belongs to the family Asteraceae and has analgesic and gastric protective properties. The increasing use of this plant in the Northeast of Brazil due to its therapeutic properties justifies the need of measures to minimize the impact of its exploitation in natural reserves. The aim of this study was to multiply, in vitro, "alumã" plants under different BAP levels, acclimating them. Axillary buds were sterilized in 70% (v/v alcohol solution for 2 minutes and in 75% sodium hypochlorite solution (2% active chlorine at 3:1 concentration for 15 minutes, followed by

  17. Ultracold Polar Molecules

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-04-01

    done was that the Innsbruck experimental group (under Hanns-Christoph Nägerl and Rudi Grimm ) had measured a Feshbach resonance spec- trum for 87Rb + Cs...R. Rameshan, F. Ferlaino, R. Grimm , H.-C. Nägerl, C. R. Le Sueur, J. M. Hutson, P. S. Julienne, S. Kotochigova, and E. Tiemann, Phys. Rev. A 85... Grimm , and H.-C. Nägerl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 205301 (2014). [4] P. K. Molony, P. D. Gregory, Z. Ji, B. Lu, M. P. Köppinger, C. R. Le Sueur, C. L

  18. Does temperature affect dimorphic reproduction in benthic foraminifera? A culture experiment on Rosalina leei

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Nigam, R.; Caron, D.A.

    ,15 . ? For correspondence. (e - mail: nigam@csnio.ren.nic.in ) First, a preliminary survey was made for collection of benthic foraminifera from sea grasses and surface sed i- ment samples from three locations near Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA, viz. (i) Vineyar d..., 15 , 26 ? 34. 3. Rottger, R., Fladung, M., Schmaljo hann, R., Spi n dler, M. and Zacharias, H., J. Foram. Res ., 1986, 16 , 141 ? 149. 4. Harney, J. N., Hallock, P. and Jalge, H. K., J. F o ram. Res ., 1998, 28 , 141 ? 147. 5. Lee, J...

  19. Doktoritööd : [2000

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2000-01-01

    6. okt. 2000 TPÜ-s ökoloogia doktorikraadi kaitsmisnõukogu koosolekul tuleb kaitsmisele Tiiu Alliksaare doktoritöö "Spatial and temporal variability of the distribution of spherical fly-ash particles in sediments in Estonia". 15. dets. 2000 kaitsevad Mart Kivimäe TPÜ kultuuriajaloo doktoritööde kaitsmisnõukogu koosolekul doktoritööd "Dialoogiline historism. Ajaloomõtlemise kolm strateegiat ja nende dialoogisuhted minevikuga saksa teaduskultuuri näitel (R. Kosselleck, J. Rüsen, E. Nolte)" ja Hannes Walter doktoritööd "Eesti teenetemärgid"

  20. Confrontation Doederlein/Alfven

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1977-01-01

    In a brief article it is reported that Hannes Alfven has accepted an invitation to take part in the Salzburg Conference. He will participate in the section on 'Nuclear Power and Public Opinion'. It is anticipated that Jan M. Doederlein will be one of Alfven's opponents. The article concludes by presenting a synopsis of the views of the World Council of Churches, which will also take part in the Salzburg Conference. It is the Council's opinion that there are no ethical or religious objections to the exploitation of nuclear power. (JIW)

  1. Kvadroraadio 40 / Margo Kõlar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kõlar, Margo, 1961-

    2017-01-01

    40 aastat tagasi edastas Eesti Raadio eetrisse esimese kvadrofoonilise otsesaate tollases Nõukogude Liidus. Sündmust meenutavad psühholoog ja elektroonikainsener, tollane Vabariikliku Raadio- ja Telekeskuse sektori juhataja Avo-Rein Tereping ning mitu häält aegade tagant: ENSV Raadio ja Televisiooni Komitee esimehe esimene asetäitja Aado Slutsk, raadio- ja muusikaajakirjanik Virve Normet, Eesti Raadio programmi peadirektori asetäitja Hannes Valdma, reporter Toivo Makk, aastail 1975-1981 raadio muusikasaadete peatoimetajana töötanud tšellist Toomas Velmet ning loodusemees Fred Jüssi

  2. Perehdyttäminen Nummenselän päiväkodissa

    OpenAIRE

    Mustiala, Hanne

    2013-01-01

    TIIVISTELMÄ Mustiala, Hanne. Perehdyttäminen Nummenselän päiväkodissa. Diak, syksy 2013, 71s., 3 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Sosiaalialan koulutusohjelma, Sosionomi (AMK) + lastentarhanopettajan virkakelpoisuus. Toiminnallisen opinnäytetyöni tavoitteena oli tuottaa perehdyttämismateriaali Nummenselän päiväkodille. Päiväkoti on uusi päivähoidon toimintayksikkö Vihdissä. Tähän asti uuden työntekijän perehdyttämisessä on käytetty Vihdin kunnan yhteistä perehdyttämis...

  3. Toyota hybrid synergy drive

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gautschi, H.

    2008-07-01

    This presentation made at the Swiss 2008 research conference on traffic by Hannes Gautschi, director of service and training at the Toyota company in Switzerland, takes a look at Toyota's hybrid drive vehicles. The construction of the vehicles and their combined combustion engines and electric generators and drives is presented and the combined operation of these components is described. Braking and energy recovery are discussed. Figures on the performance, fuel consumption and CO{sub 2} output of the hybrid vehicles are compared with those of conventional vehicles.

  4. The plasma universe

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faelthammar, C.G.

    1989-12-01

    The term 'Plasma Universe', coined by Hannes Alfven, emphasices the fact that plasma phenomena discovered in the laboratory and in accessible regions of space. must be important also in the rest of the universe, which consists almost entirely of matter in the plasma state. Relevant aspect of this concept will be discussed. They include the response of the plasma to electric currents, the support of magnetic-field aligned electric fields, violation of the frozen-field condition, rapid release of magnetically stored energy, acceleration of charged particles, chemical separation, and filamentary and cellular structures. (authors)

  5. Sound Propagation An impedance Based Approach

    CERN Document Server

    Kim, Yang-Hann

    2010-01-01

    In Sound Propagation: An Impedance Based Approach , Professor Yang-Hann Kim introduces acoustics and sound fields by using the concept of impedance. Kim starts with vibrations and waves, demonstrating how vibration can be envisaged as a kind of wave, mathematically and physically. One-dimensional waves are used to convey the fundamental concepts. Readers can then understand wave propagation in terms of characteristic and driving point impedance. The essential measures for acoustic waves, such as dB scale, octave scale, acoustic pressure, energy, and intensity, are explained. These measures are

  6. Musik som kommunikationsform med demensramte

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ridder, Hanne Mette Ochsner

    I demensomsorgen er der stadig brug for at formulere metoder der beskriver og dokumenterer, hvordan det er muligt at dække psykosociale behov hos svært demensramte. Et forskningsprojekt fra Institut for Musik og Musikterapi, AAU, viser, at sang kan regulere urolig adfærd, skabe struktur omkring e...... samvær, vække erindringer, og være et middel til at udtrykke følelser og møde den demensramte på et personligt plan. Hanne Mette Ochsner Ridder, ph.d., ekstern lektor, Aalborg Universitet. Musikterapeut, Plejehjemmet Caritas...

  7. Flocculation of retention pond water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hart, B.T.; McGregor, R.J.

    1982-05-01

    An integral part of the water management strategy proposed by Ranger Uranium Mining Pty. Ltd. involves the collection of runoff water in a series of retention ponds. This water will subsequently be used in the uranium milling plant or released to Magela Creek. Runoff water collected during the wet season caused a section of Magela Creek to become turbid when it was released. The eroded material causing the turbidity was very highly dispersed and showed little tendency to sediment out in the retention ponds. Results of a preliminary study to determine the feasibility of clarifying retention pond water by flocculation with alum are presented. A concentration of 30 Mg/L alum reduced turbidity from an initial 340 NTU to less than 30 NTU in four hours

  8. THE USE OF CASSAVA SPECIES

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    The plant is propagated from mature stems, which .... USE OF CASSAVA SPECIES AND ALUM IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT, .... acidity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen and ..... Rural Areas, MSc Thesis, Department of Water.

  9. Protective Immunity and Reduced Renal Colonization Induced by Vaccines Containing Recombinant Leptospira interrogans Outer Membrane Proteins and Flagellin Adjuvant

    Science.gov (United States)

    Monaris, D.; Sbrogio-Almeida, M. E.; Dib, C. C.; Canhamero, T. A.; Souza, G. O.; Vasconcellos, S. A.; Ferreira, L. C. S.

    2015-01-01

    Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by different Leptospira species, such as Leptospira interrogans, that colonize the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals. Thus far, attempts to develop effective leptospirosis vaccines, both for humans and animals, have failed to induce immune responses capable of conferring protection and simultaneously preventing renal colonization. In this study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by subunit vaccines containing seven different recombinant Leptospira interrogans outer membrane proteins, including the carboxy-terminal portion of the immunoglobulinlike protein A (LigAC) and six novel antigens, combined with aluminum hydroxide (alum) or Salmonella flagellin (FliC) as adjuvants. Hamsters vaccinated with the different formulations elicited high antigen-specific antibody titers. Immunization with LigAC, either with alum or flagellin, conferred protective immunity but did not prevent renal colonization. Similarly, animals immunized with LigAC or LigAC coadministered with six leptospiral proteins with alum adjuvant conferred protection but did not reduce renal colonization. In contrast, immunizing animals with the pool of seven antigens in combination with flagellin conferred protection and significantly reduced renal colonization by the pathogen. The present study emphasizes the relevance of antigen composition and added adjuvant in the efficacy of antileptospirosis subunit vaccines and shows the complex relationship between immune responses and renal colonization by the pathogen. PMID:26108285

  10. Effective remediation of phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in farm effluent using Guar gum--A plant based biopolymer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kee, Yang Ling; Mukherjee, Sumona; Pariatamby, Agamuthu

    2015-10-01

    This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of Guar gum in removing Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), viz. phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from farm effluent. The removal efficiency was compared with alum. The results indicated that 4.0 mg L(-1) of Guar gum at pH 7 could remove 99.70% and 99.99% of phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and DEHP, respectively. Box Behnken design was used for optimization of the operating parameters for optimal POPs removal. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies were conducted on the flocs. SEM micrographs showed numerous void spaces in the flocs produced by Guar gum as opposed to those produced by alum. This indicated why Guar gum was more effective in capturing and removal of suspended particles and POPs as compared to alum. FTIR spectra indicated a shift in the bonding of functional groups in the flocs produced by Guar gum as compared to raw Guar gum powder signifying chemical attachment of the organics present in the effluent to the coagulant resulting in their removal. Guar gum is highly recommended as a substitute to chemical coagulant in treating POPs due to its non-toxic and biodegradable characteristics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. PILOT PLANT STUDY ON NATURAL WATER COAGULANTS AS COAGULAN AIDS FOR WATER SUPPLY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B BINA

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Natural plant coagulants have an important role to play in provision of portable water to rural communities in the developing world. The plant material that their coagulation properties have been confirmed in previous lab scale studies and can be found widely in Iran was selected as coagulant aids. Pilot plant study was done to evaluate the efficiency of natural material such as Starch/Gum Tragacanth, Fenugreek and Yeast as coagulant aids in conjunction with comercial alum. Methods: The pilot was placed in Isfahan Water Treatment Plant (IWTP and efficiency of these materials in removal of turbidity from raw water enters the IWTP was evaluated. The results indicated while these materials were used as coagulant aids in concentration of 1-5 mg/l conjunction with alum are able to reduced the turbidity and final residuals turbidity meets the standards limits. Results: The coagulation efficiency of these material were found to be effected by certain physico-chemical factors, namely, concentration of suspended solids, divalent cation metal and time of agitation. The relative importance of these variable was evaluated. The results of COD test proved that the natural coagulant aids in the optimum doses produce no any significant organic residual. Discussion: Economical considerations showed that using of these material as coagulant aids can cause reduction in alum consumption and in some cases are more econmical than synthetic polyelectrolyte.

  12. PREDIKSI CHURN DAN SEGMENTASI PELANGGAN MENGGUNAKAN BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK BERBASIS EVOLUTION STRATEGIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Junta Zeniarja

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Pelanggan merupakan bagian penting dalam memastikan keunggulan dan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk memiliki sistem manajemen untuk memastikan pelanggan tetap setia dan tidak pindah ke pesaing lain, yang dikenal sebagai manajemen churn. Prediksi churn pelanggan adalah bagian dari manajemen churn, yang memprediksi perilaku pelanggan dengan klasifikasi pelanggan setia dan mana yang cenderung pindah ke kompetitor lain. Keakuratan prediksi ini mutlak diperlukan karena tingginya tingkat migrasi pelanggan ke perusahaan pesaing. Hal ini penting karena biaya yang digunakan untuk meraih pelanggan baru jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mempertahankan loyalitas pelanggan yang sudah ada. Meskipun banyak studi tentang prediksi churn pelanggan yang telah dilakukan, penelitian lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan akurasi prediksi. Penelitian ini akan membahas penggunaan teknik data mining Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN in hybrid dengan Strategi Evolution (ES untuk atribut bobot. Validasi model dilakukan dengan menggunakan validasi Palang 10-Fold dan evaluasi pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan matriks kebingungan dan Area bawah ROC Curve (AUC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hibrida BPNN dengan ES mencapai kinerja yang lebih baik daripada Basic BPNN. Kata kunci: data mining, churn, prediksi, backpropagation neural network, strategi evolusi.

  13. Uurimiskomisjoni versiooni võit seiskaks 600 kopteri lennud / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2006-01-01

    Helikopteri tootja Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation ei ole nõus Copterline'i lennuõnnetuse uurimiskomisjoni versiooniga. Uurimiskomisjoni versiooni tõestamine võib tähendada kopteritootjale ligi 600 kopteri ümberehitust. Vt. samas: Kopteritehas üritab enda jaoks aega võita; Copterline sai hüvitiseks ligi 86 miljonit krooni

  14. NATO eskaader on Admiral Pitka juhtimisel teel Tallinna / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2005-01-01

    Eesti mereväe lipulaeva Admiral Pitka komandör Jüri Saska tõstab esile laeva meeskonna uusi praktilisi kogemusi, mis on saadud viimastel kuudel NATO miinitõrjeeskaadri staabilaeva meeskonna rollis. Eskaadri ülem kaptenleitnant Nico Vasseur on Eesti mereväelaste tööga väga rahul

  15. Avalik kiri Vladimir Iljaševitšile / Hannes Walter

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Walter, Hannes, 1952-2004

    2012-01-01

    Vastukaja Olev Miili artiklile "Faktid väljamõeldiste vastu" (Õhtuleht, 22. juuni, 1988). Olev Miili pseudonüümi all kirjutas KGB töötaja Vladimir Iljaševitš, kes 1988. aasta aprillis avaldas üleliidulise uudisteagentuuri APN ajakirjas Globus artikli, milles õigustas ja põhjendas nõukogude võimu poolt Eestis sooritatud küüditamisi

  16. E- Maksuametis saab tulusid deklareerida alates 15. veebruarist / Hannes Udde

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Udde, Hannes

    2006-01-01

    Info 2005. aasta tulude (elektroonilise) deklareerimise kohta. Sama ka Võrumaa Teataja 28. jaan. 2006, lk. 6 ; Vooremaa 28. jaan. 2006, lk. 3, artiklis pealkiri kujul: Kuidas tuleb oma tulusid deklareerida ; Sõnumitooja 1. veeb. 2006, lk. 6 ; Meie Maa 1. veeb. 2006, lk. 4 ; Sakala 2. veeb. 2006, lk. 5, pealkiri kujul: Deklareerimine läheb lahti. ; Virumaa Teataja 2. veeb. 2006, lk. 9, pealkiri kujul: Maksumaksjad valmistuvad tulude deklareerimiseks. ; Vali Uudised 1. veeb. 2006, lk. 7 ; Valgamaalane 2. veeb. 2006, lk. 4, pealkiri kujul: E-maksuametis saab tulusid deklareerida ; Kuulutaja 3. veeb. 2006, lk. 11 ; Lääne Elu 7. veeb. 2006, lk. 2 ; Virumaa Nädalaleht 3. veeb. 2006, lk. 3 ; Hiiu Leht 10. veeb. 2006, lk. 5, pealkiri kujul: Maksumaksjad valmistuvad tulude deklareerimiseks ; Järva Teataja 16. veeb. 2006, lk. 2, pealkiri kujul: E-maksuamet alustas taas

  17. Obnovim sostav pravlenija ... mozhet, utshredit zaodno i EKO? / Hannes Vallikivi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Валликиви, Ханнес, 1974-

    2007-01-01

    Suurfirmade Euroopa äriühinguks ümberkujundamise võitudest ja kaotustest. Lisatud: Eestis asutati esimene Euroopa äriühing ; millised on Euroopa äriühingu eelised? ; mis on Euroopa äriühing ehk Societas Europea? ; neli võimalust Euroopa äriühingu loomiseks ; olulised regulatsioonid

  18. Hannes Tamjärv pani sojatehasele õla alla / Signe Kalberg

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kalberg, Signe, 1959-

    2006-01-01

    Soya Foods Baltic hakkab tootmist arendama Järvamaal Kareda vallas, eesmärk on varuda tulevikus sojauba Eesti põllumeestelt. Sojapiima valmistamisest. OÜ Lisa: Ostjate huvi sojatootjate vastu kasvab

  19. A Zinc Chelator TPEN Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness Airway Inflammation in Mice In Vivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Satoru Fukuyama

    2011-01-01

    Conclusions: In pulmonary allergic inflammation induced in mice immunized with antigen without alum, zinc chelator inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. These findings suggest that zinc may be a therapeutic target of allergic asthma.

  20. TRATAMENTOS ALTERNATIVOS DO EFLUENTE DE UMA INDÚSTRIA DE CELULOSE BRANQUEADA E PAPEL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celso Edmundo Bochetti Foelkel

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho procurou avaliar a eficiência de tratamento floculante com sulfato de alumínio ou cloreto férrico para o efluente bruto neutralizado de uma indústria de celulose e papel. A filtração do efluente, removendo fibras, finos, macromoléculas e flocos naturais, permitiu expressivas reduções da cor aparente, cor real e DQO do mesmo. Enquanto o sulfato de alumínio mostrou excelentes resultados, o cloreto férrico não teve bom desempenho. Deve-se otimizar as concentrações, as formas de agitação e a decantação dos flocos. Para as amostras testadas, na primeira seqüência de testes, concentrações com cerca de 2500 ppm de sulfato de alumínio (com 14 moléculas de água de hidratação mostraram ótimos resultados para redução de cor aparente, cor real, DQO e cloretos. Conforme o previsto, na segunda seqüência de testes as concentrações de [Al2(SO43 . 14 H2O] diminuíram para todos os índices físico-químicos testados. A melhor concentração para pH, cor aparente e cor real foi de 1000 ppm filtrado, enquanto que para cloretos foi de 2000 ppm não filtrado, com o tempo de agitação de 1 minuto com alta velocidade e 15 minutos à baixa velocidade, com exceção da cor real que foi de 10 minutos à baixa velocidade. Como recomendação, sugere-se avaliar uma etapa seqüencial de filtração após clarifloculação/decantação. Com isso, o desempenho de um tratamento físico-químico de efluentes desse tipo será eficiente, apesar do custo envolvido na aquisição do insumo sulfato de alumínio.

  1. Membranas poliméricas de PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4 impregnado com Fe, Al - utilização na recuperação de efluentes de galvanoplastia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joice Andrade de Araújo

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas membranas filtrantes de materiais híbridos de polietileno de alta densidade modificado com anidrido maleico e ionizado com hidróxido de alumínio (PE-g-MA-Al (matriz orgânica e fosfato de alumínio amorfo puro (AlPO4 ou impregnado com ferro e/ou alumínio (fase dispersa inorgânica. Essas membranas foram obtidas nas composições de PE-g-MA-Al (M1, PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4 (M2, PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4-Al (M3, PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4-Fe (M4 e PE-g-MA-Al/AlPO4-Fe,Al (M5, na proporção de 97/3% em massa, pelo método de "casting", usando xileno à quente e sob refluxo, como solvente. As técnicas de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR, difração de raios X (DRX, análise termogravimétrica (TGA, análise textural, tensão superficial e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV serviram para comprovar a influência da natureza dos materiais e da metodologia usada na confecção das membranas na incorporação da fase inorgânica na matriz polimérica e nas propriedades dos materiais híbridos resultantes. A aplicação das membranas na recuperação de metais presentes no efluente de galvanoplastia mostrou que a presença do ferro e/ou alumínio influenciou na morfologia e nas propriedades texturais desses materiais, e consequentemente na utilização como membranas mesoporosas de ultrafiltração, com os melhores resultados apresentados por M1 e M3 na recuperação de ferro (32 e 35% e zinco (62 e 60%.

  2. Removal of congo red and methylene blue from waste water using coagulation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghaffar, S.; Nosheen, S.; Ahmad, N.

    2011-01-01

    The textile industry has been condemned as being one of the world's worst offenders in terms of pollution Because of increasing population and industrial developments, a huge amount of wastewater is discharged to the environment above the level that the nature can eliminate. Many techniques like oxidation, reduction, physical treatment and biological method are available for removal of colored dyes from wastewater. The work presented here involved the decolorisation of wastewater containing congo red and methylene blue using various coagulants such as alum, bentonite and lime. The effect of various experimental factors such as dosage of coagulants, contact time between coagulant and dye and concentration of dyes and working environment like shaking and static was studied. Under static condition alum give almost 43% removal of congo red while with 10 minutes shaking 74 % removal of 80 dye was achieved with same coagulant. The highest removal of congo red was found to be 99.5 % by using alum after 30 minutes of shaking but in case of methylene blue it intensified the color and gave negative results. Lime gave only 33 % color removal of congo red under static conditions while 57% color was removed under shaking conditions. Maximum color removal achieved by lime was 89% at 40 minutes with shaking condition. Lime gave 60% removal of methylene blue in static condition and 90% removal in shaking condition and maximum absorbance at 80 ppm was 90%. Bentonite also used for the removal of methylene blue and gave 89% removal in shaking condition. By increasing shaking time %age removal increased to 100% at 40 min. And amount of coagulant increased the removal efficiency it attained 100% in both lime and bentonite coagulant for methylene blue Overall alum was found to be better coagulant for the removal of congo red from its aqueous solution. Lime and bentonite both proved better and economical for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution at lab scale. (author)

  3. Influence of barley grain treated with alkaline compounds or organic extracts on site and extent of digestion of starch

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reza Naseroleslami

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Objective Two ex vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effect of barley grain (Nusrat cultivar treated with alkaline compounds (AC including alum, ammonium, and sodium hydroxide or cation-exchanged organic extracts (OE prepared from alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and Ulva Fasciata, on extent and digestion of starch. Methods In the first study, the in vitro first order disappearance kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP and starch were estimated using a non-linear model (D(t = D(i · e(−kd · time + I, where: D(t = potentially digestible residues at any time, D(i = potentially digestible fraction at any time, kd = fractional rate constant of digestion (/h, I = indigestible fraction at any time. In the second experiment, the ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch were determined using in situ mobile nylon bag. Results Barley grains treated with alum and alfalfa extract had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.11 and 0.09/h than others. Barley grain treated with OE had a higher constant rate of CP digestion and that of treated with AC had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.08 and 0.11/h compared with those of the other treatments. The indigestible fraction of starch treated with alum and sugar beet pulp extract was higher than that of the control group (0.24 and 0.25 vs 0.21. Barley grain treated with AC and OE had significant CP disappearance in the rumen, post-rumen and total tract, and also starch disappearance for post-rumen and total tract compared with the untreated (p<0.001. Conclusion This study demonstrated that AC and OE might have positive effects on the starch degradation of the barley grain. In addition, treating barley grain with alum and sugar beet pulp extract could change the site and extend digestion of protein and starch.

  4. Tailoring subunit vaccine immunity with adjuvant combinations and delivery routes using the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain as an antigen.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiaming Lan

    Full Text Available The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD protein of MERS-CoV spike (S is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m. with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN. The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c. route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production. Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting

  5. Relative Contribution of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Adaptive Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the Rational Design of an Improved Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ross, Pádraig J.; Allen, Aideen C.; Walsh, Kevin; Misiak, Alicja; Lavelle, Ed C.; McLoughlin, Rachel M.; Mills, Kingston H. G.

    2013-01-01

    Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis is a re-emerging infectious disease despite the introduction of safer acellular pertussis vaccines (Pa). One explanation for this is that Pa are less protective than the more reactogenic whole cell pertussis vaccines (Pw) that they replaced. Although Pa induce potent antibody responses, and protection has been found to be associated with high concentrations of circulating IgG against vaccine antigens, it has not been firmly established that host protection induced with this vaccine is mediated solely by humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to examine the relative contribution of Th1 and Th17 cells in host immunity to infection with B. pertussis and in immunity induced by immunization with Pw and Pa and to use this information to help rationally design a more effective Pa. Our findings demonstrate that Th1 and Th17 both function in protective immunity induced by infection with B. pertussis or immunization with Pw. In contrast, a current licensed Pa, administered with alum as the adjuvant, induced Th2 and Th17 cells, but weak Th1 responses. We found that IL-1 signalling played a central role in protective immunity induced with alum-adsorbed Pa and this was associated with the induction of Th17 cells. Pa generated strong antibody and Th2 responses, but was fully protective in IL-4-defective mice, suggesting that Th2 cells were dispensable. In contrast, Pa failed to confer protective immunity in IL-17A-defective mice. Bacterial clearance mediated by Pa-induced Th17 cells was associated with cell recruitment to the lungs after challenge. Finally, protective immunity induced by an experimental Pa could be enhanced by substituting alum with a TLR agonist that induces Th1 cells. Our findings demonstrate that alum promotes protective immunity through IL-1β-induced IL-17A production, but also reveal that optimum protection against B. pertussis requires induction of Th1, but not Th2 cells. PMID:23592988

  6. Influence of different levels of aluminum on the development of citrus rootstock swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi mcf. x Poncirus trifoliata raf. in nutrient solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Henrique dos Santos

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available This work aimed at evaluating the influence of different levels of aluminum on the physiological parameters of the citrus rootstock Swingle Citrumelo in hydroponic solution. The experiment was carried out with a completely randomized design with three replications, subdivided in several lots. The levels of aluminum used were: 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 mg L-1 in form of AlCl3.6H2O in nutrient solution. Following physiological parameters were evaluated: specific and relative foliar area, relative foliar mass, and the ratio of aerial part dry matter/root system dry matter. The results showed that aluminum did not influence the parameters evaluated except the specific foliar area, which decreased starting at the 7.5 mg L-1 level.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de alumínio nos parâmetros fisiológicos do porta-enxerto cítrico citrumeleiro Swingle em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi conduzido seguindo o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Os níveis de alumínio utilizados foram: 0, 7,5, 15, 22,5 e 30 mg L-1, na forma de AlCl3 6.H2O em solução nutritiva. Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos área foliar específica, razão de área foliar e massa foliar, relação matéria seca da parte aérea/matéria seca do sistema radicular. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nestas condições, conclui-se que os níveis de alumínio não influenciaram nos valores dos parâmetros acima discutidos, excetuando-se a AFE, havendo decréscimos destes valores a partir de 7,5 mg L-1 de alumínio.

  7. 21 CFR 133.165 - Parmesan and reggiano cheese.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... milk to a semisolid mass. Harmless artificial coloring may be added. The mass is cut into pieces no... alum, calcium sulfate, and magnesium carbonate, singly or combined, is not more than six times the...

  8. Effect of plant growth regulators on production of alpha-linolenic ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Sujana Kokkiligadda

    2017-10-05

    Oct 5, 2017 ... MS received 13 October 2016; revised 22 March 2017; accepted 30 May 2017; ... Plant growth regulators; microalgae; Chlorella pyrenoidosa; alpha-linolenic acid. 1. ... the growth period by flocculation method [9] using alum.

  9. Use of regularized algebraic methods in tomographic reconstruction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koulibaly, P.M.; Darcourt, J.; Blanc-Ferraud, L.; Migneco, O.; Barlaud, M.

    1997-01-01

    The algebraic methods are used in emission tomography to facilitate the compensation of attenuation and of Compton scattering. We have tested on a phantom the use of a regularization (a priori introduction of information), as well as the taking into account of spatial resolution variation with the depth (SRVD). Hence, we have compared the performances of the two methods by back-projection filtering (BPF) and of the two algebraic methods (AM) in terms of FWHM (by means of a point source), of the reduction of background noise (σ/m) on the homogeneous part of Jaszczak's phantom and of reconstruction speed (time unit = BPF). The BPF methods make use of a grade filter (maximal resolution, no noise treatment), single or associated with a Hann's low-pass (f c = 0.4), as well as of an attenuation correction. The AM which embody attenuation and scattering corrections are, on one side, the OS EM (Ordered Subsets, partitioning and rearranging of the projection matrix; Expectation Maximization) without regularization or SRVD correction, and, on the other side, the OS MAP EM (Maximum a posteriori), regularized and embodying the SRVD correction. A table is given containing for each used method (grade, Hann, OS EM and OS MAP EM) the values of FWHM, σ/m and time, respectively. One can observe that the OS MAP EM algebraic method allows ameliorating both the resolution, by taking into account the SRVD in the reconstruction process and noise treatment by regularization. In addition, due to the OS technique the reconstruction times are acceptable

  10. The Bauhaus, from Dessau to Ulm: essays on this high yield educational space

    OpenAIRE

    Añon Abajas, Rosa María

    2010-01-01

    RESUMEN Revisando la Bauhaus desde su consolidación y su clímax en Dessau, se enuncia la necesidad de hacer una observación más detenida de esta arquitectura en su lugar y alguna consideración sobre cómo se aprovecha el edificio como instrumento didáctico. Se repasan antecedentes y sobre todo consecuentes que reconocen el edificio de Dessau como una obra ejemplar. A través de la obra de Hannes Meyer, se observan discrepancias con la idea de arquitectura de Gropius y se encuentra el enlace con...

  11. LA BAUHAUS, DE DESSAU A ULM: ENSAYOS SOBRE EL ESPACIO DOCENTE DE ALTO RENDIMIENTO

    OpenAIRE

    Rosa María Añón Abajas

    2010-01-01

    RESUMEN Revisando la Bauhaus desde su consolidación y su clímax en Dessau, se enuncia la necesidad de hacer una observación más detenida de esta arquitectura en su lugar y alguna consideración sobre cómo se aprovecha el edificio como instrumento didáctico. Se repasan antecedentes y sobre todo consecuentes que reconocen el edificio de Dessau como una obra ejemplar. A través de la obra de Hannes Meyer, se observan discrepancias con la idea de arquitectura de Gropius y se encuentra el enlace con...

  12. 12. VI avati Pärnu uue kunsti muuseumis...

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    XII aktinäitus "Mees ja naine" alapealkirjaga "Vesi. Iha. Armastus". Väljas on Amandus Adamsoni 150. sünniaastapäeva puhul tema kaks teost. Konkursilt valis žürii Elo Liivi, Hannes Starkopfi, Ellen Kolgi, Ilme ja Riho Kulla kavandid, mille järgi skulptorid teevad sügiseks Carrara marmorist kujud. Vaadata on Hille Palmi ja Ellen Kolgi marmortööd, Raili Ilmsalu diplomitöö "Eva", Boaz Tali aktifotod, Mark Sadani Eeva-tõlgendused, Daniel de Chenu ja Elina Brotheruse videod, Ken Wardropi lühifilm "Undressing My Mother", Edward Lucie-Smithi fotod

  13. The 1922 Einstein Film: Cinematic Innovation and Public Controversy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wazeck, Milena

    2010-06-01

    In 1922 Hanns Walter Kornblum produced a long and comprehensive educational film on Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity that made extensive use of trick shots. His film was considered to be a milestone in the history of film and also in the popularization of science. Although the original film has been lost, I have reconstructed its content and its reception by members of the German film industry and cultural sector, laymen, scientists and academics, and politically motivated opponents based upon the large collection of newspaper clippings that was assembled by the antirelativist physicist Ernst Gehrcke.

  14. Kas teie arvates tuleks Ülejõe pargid Emajõe vasakkaldal taashoonestada? / intervjueerinud Ivi Drikkit ja Jüri Saar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2011-01-01

    Vastasid: Mati Tolmoff, Veljo Ipits, Toomas Savi, Verni Loodmaa, Väino Kull, Toomas Kapp, Triin Anette Kaasik, Kristjan Karis, Hele Everaus, Margot Fjuk, Janika Mölder, Hannes Astok, Jaak Adamsoo, Martin Parmas, Toivo Kabanen, Oleg Nesterenko, Tõnu Ints, Piret Uluots, Peep Peterson, Marju Lauristin, Jarno Laur, Arno Arukask, Ülo Veldre, Toomas Jürgenstein, Veera Sirg, Maie Pastik, Elmut Paavel, Avo Rosenvald, Toivo Maimets, Peeter Tulviste, Joel Luhamets, Jüri Kõre, Ants Kask, Enn Tarto, Tarmo Punger, Merle Jääger, Vladimir Šokman, Boris Habramov, Jevgenia Lindevaldt, Harri Jallajas, Natalja Trošina, Olev Raju, Nikolai Põdramägi

  15. Õigusteaduse osa Eesti õiguskorra kujunemises : teaduskonverents professor Kalle Meruski 60. juubeli auks / koost. Peep Pruks. K. Meruski bibliograafia: Maia Ruttu

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2009-01-01

    Sisu: Programm. Õigusteaduse rollist Eesti Vabariigi põhiseaduse aluspõhimõtete sisustamisel / Raul Narits. Keskkonnaõiguse kodifitseerimise teaduslikud alused / Hannes Veinla. "Kord Vestmann peal ja Piibeleht all, siis jälle..." : praktika ja õigusteaduse vahekord õiguse kujundamisel 19. sajandi Läänemereprovintsides / Marju Luts-Sootak. Teaduslik analüüs tsiviilõigusloomes / Paul Varul. Õiguslaenud ja võrdlev õigusteadus Eesti eraõiguse süsteemi kujundamisel / Irene Kull. Professor Meruski juubeliks / Märt Rask. Kolleegi kiituseks / Raul Narits. Professor Kalle Merusk : õpetaja ja inimene / Ivo Pilving. Kalle Merusk : valikbibliograafia 1990-2009 / koost. Maia Ruttu

  16. How can singing in music therapy influence social engagement for people with dementia?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ridder, Hanne Mette Ochsner

    2011-01-01

    of the human voice. Book review by Yasmine A. Iliya: Hanne Mette Ridder (Chapter 6) presents the polyvagal theory in describing voicework to increase social interaction in people with dementia. Developed by Dr. Stephen Porges, the polyvagal theory refers to the role of the tenth cranial nerve, the vagus...... familiar, predictable songs. Ridder brings great sensitivity to her chapter, and provides excellent connections between the brain, the voice, and the need to ensure safety for the clients. As she states, “the therapist’s voice is an important instrument and is used to signal a stable ground, a clear...

  17. Trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila em seis cultivares de cafeeiro sob estresse de alumínio Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in six coffee cultivars under aluminum stress

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Luiza Freitas Konrad

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Em experimento desenvolvido em casa de vegetação e em câmara de crescimento avaliou-se o efeito do alumínio (Al na fotossíntese de seis cultivares de cafeeiro. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva aerada continuamente, contendo duas concentrações de Al, 0 e 0,148 mmol L-1, fornecidas como Al2(SO43. Após 97 dias mediram-se as taxas de assimilação de CO2 (A e transpiração (E, a condutância estomática (gs, a concentração interna de CO2 (Ci, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (fic e variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila. Em todas as cultivares, a presença de Al causou quedas significantes em A, gs, fic, ocorrendo aumento em Ci. Também se observou aumento significativo na fluorescência basal (Fo e queda na eficiência quântica máxima do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm, sugerindo injúrias na estrutura dos tilacóides causadas pelo Al. Na curva de indução de fotossíntese, observou-se que o Al causou queda no coeficiente de extinção fotoquímica da fluorescência e aumento no coeficiente de extinção não fotoquímico. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que a queda de A foi devida à queda da condutância estomática, nas atividades bioquímicas e fotoquímicas.Experiments were carried out under greenhouse and growth chamber to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al on several photosynthetic characteristics in six coffee cultivars. Plants were grown in nutrient solution aerated continuously, containing two Al concentration, 0 and 0.148 mmol L-1, supplied as Al2(SO43. After 97 days of treatament, measurements of CO2 assimilation rate (A, transpiration rate (E, stomatal conductance (gs, internal CO2 concentration (Ci, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (phic and chlorophyll fluorescence related characteristics were performed. All six cultivars showed decrease in A, gs and phic and increase in Ci. The basal chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fo increased and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm decreased

  18. PENGGAMBARAN ETNIK BETAWI DALAM FILM BAJAJ BAJURI THE MOVIE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fadillah Saleh

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Discourse on ethnic is an interisting thing to discuss, because there are a lot of ethnic in Indonesia, one of them is Betawi. In Indonesia, many movies and dramas which uses Betawi as a theme. One of the film with the theme of Betawi is Bajaj Bajuri The Movie. This is reflected in every scene and dialogue from Bajaj Bajuri The Movie. Issue that raised from this film is how the depiction of Betawi ethnic in Bajaj Bajuri The Movie and the purpose of this study is to determine how to Betawi ethnic depicted in Bajaj Bajuri The Movie.The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach- semiotic analysis. Analyst unit of this research in the from audio and video from Bajaj Bajuri The Movie.. The results showed that the Betawi ethnic has a wide range of culture and customs. Betawi ethnic depictions that looks on the Bajaj Bajuri The Movie is a Betawi woman with traditional clothes called Kebaya, and Betawi males with Jas Abang Jakarta and Sadariah clothes. There is also a Betawi arts like Tanjidor and Palang Pintu. This study concluded that Betawi ethnic has a wide range of cultures and traditions. Begin from clothing, traditional ceremonies, musical arts and martial arts. ethnic Betawi is indeed influenced by some of the ethnic in Indonesia and outside Indonesia. This is evident from the cultural or art that Betawi ethnic owned.   Wacana tentang etnis adalah hal yang menarik untuk dibahas, karena ada banyak etnis di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Betawi. Di Indonesia, banyak film dan drama yang menggunakan Betawi sebagai tema. Salah satu film dengan tema Betawi adalah Bajaj Bajuri The Movie. Hal ini tercermin dalam setiap adegan dan dialog dari Bajaj Bajuri The Movie. Isu yang diangkat dari film ini adalah bagaimana penggambaran Betawi etnis di Bajaj Bajuri The Movie dan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan bagaimana Betawi etnis digambarkan dalam Bajaj Bajuri The Movie.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam

  19. Feasibility of atomic and molecular laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to in-situ determination of chlorine in concrete : final report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-10-01

    Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been studied as a fast method of detecting chlorine in concrete samples. Both single pulse (SP) and double pulse (DP) experiments have been tested. Several combinations of lasers (Neodymium-Yttrium Alum...

  20. Influência da Espessura do Filme Polimérico Intermediário na Resistência Mecânica de Juntas Híbridas de Alumínio 2024-T3 e CF-PPS Produzidas por União Pontual por Fricção

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natália M. André

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo A União Pontual por Fricção (FSpJ é uma técnica inovadora para união de estruturas híbridas metal-polímero e baseia-se na geração de calor por fricção. Juntas de alumínio 2024-T3 e compósito laminado de poli(sulfeto de fenileno com fibra de carbono (CF-PPS foram produzidas com filme intermediário de PPS. Duas espessuras de filme foram investigadas: 100 e 500 µm. Ensaios de cisalhamento sob tração demonstraram que as juntas com filmes de 100 µm são mais resistentes (2093 ± 180 N em relação às juntas com filme de 500 µm (708 ± 69 N. Adicionalmente, as superfícies de fratura das juntas revelaram áreas de união maiores para as juntas com filmes de 100 µm (53 ± 2 contra 40 ± 1 mm2. Para o filme mais fino, a extensão do amolecimento devido ao calor friccional é maior. Consequentemente, a baixa viscosidade atingida com a fusão do polímero favorece a molhabilidade das superfícies dos componentes da junta pelo PPS amolecido, resultando em melhor adesão entre as partes. Ademais, análises microestruturais demonstraram que a formação do cerne metálico e a interdifusão das moléculas de PPS entre compósito e filme também são favorecidas. Portanto, concluiu-se que a adição do filme mais fino produziu juntas mais resistentes.

  1. Validação de um Sistema Robotizado Recém Desenvolvido para a Soldagem pelo Processo Friction Stir Welding por meio da União e Caracterização de Juntas da Liga de Alumínio 5052 H34

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Silva Cota

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Este projeto trata da validação de um sistema recém desenvolvido para a soldagem pelo processo friction stir welding, que foi adaptado a um robô antropomórfico com capacidade de 500 kg e seis graus de liberdade. Para garantir que o sistema projetado é capaz de soldar materiais pelo processo FSW, ou seja, garantir que possui rigidez, resistência e torque suficientes para realizar a operação de soldagem, faz-se necessário realizar a validação do mesmo. Para tanto, foi necessário soldar um material conhecido, com parâmetros já estabelecidos, e utilizar uma ferramenta apropriadamente dimensionada. Dessa forma, escolheu-se a liga 5052 H43 de 3 mm de espessura, usada na produção de navios, embarcações e estruturas automotivas. Para a soldagem das juntas finais foi usada uma ferramenta fabricada em AISI H13, com pino cônico liso e diâmetro do ombro de 18 mm. A velocidade rotacional da ferramenta foi mantida constante em 378 rpm, e a velocidade de avanço em 7,5 mm/min, sendo a inclinação da ferramenta de 2°. Verificou-se após os ensaios que o sistema de soldagem projetado se mostrou eficaz em aplicações de soldagem FSW, apresentando torque e resistência mecânica suficientes para a união de materiais com baixo ponto de fusão. Por meio dos parâmetros utilizados, bem como da geometria da ferramenta, foi possível obter juntas da liga de alumínio 5052 H34 soldadas com: bom aspecto superficial, baixos valores de rebarba, ausência de sulcos ou vazios ao longo da linha de soldagem e com penetração total.

  2. An inactivated yellow fever 17DD vaccine cultivated in Vero cell cultures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, Renata C; Silva, Andrea N M R; Souza, Marta Cristina O; Silva, Marlon V; Neves, Patrícia P C C; Silva, Andrea A M V; Matos, Denise D C S; Herrera, Miguel A O; Yamamura, Anna M Y; Freire, Marcos S; Gaspar, Luciane P; Caride, Elena

    2015-08-20

    Yellow fever is an acute infectious disease caused by prototype virus of the genus Flavivirus. It is endemic in Africa and South America where it represents a serious public health problem causing epidemics of hemorrhagic fever with mortality rates ranging from 20% to 50%. There is no available antiviral therapy and vaccination is the primary method of disease control. Although the attenuated vaccines for yellow fever show safety and efficacy it became necessary to develop a new yellow fever vaccine due to the occurrence of rare serious adverse events, which include visceral and neurotropic diseases. The new inactivated vaccine should be safer and effective as the existing attenuated one. In the present study, the immunogenicity of an inactivated 17DD vaccine in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated. The yellow fever virus was produced by cultivation of Vero cells in bioreactors, inactivated with β-propiolactone, and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (alum). Mice were inoculated with inactivated 17DD vaccine containing alum adjuvant and followed by intracerebral challenge with 17DD virus. The results showed that animals receiving 3 doses of the inactivated vaccine (2 μg/dose) with alum adjuvant had neutralizing antibody titers above the cut-off of PRNT50 (Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test). In addition, animals immunized with inactivated vaccine showed survival rate of 100% after the challenge as well as animals immunized with commercial attenuated 17DD vaccine. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Bromelain Inhibits Allergic Sensitization and Murine Asthma via Modulation of Dendritic Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eric R. Secor

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The incidence of atopic conditions has increased in industrialized countries. Persisting symptoms and concern for drug side-effects lead patients toward adjunctive treatments such as phytotherapy. Previously, we have shown that Bromelain (sBr, a mixture of cysteine proteases from pineapple, Ananas comosus, inhibits ovalbumin (OVA-induced murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD. However, sBr’s effect on development of AAD when treatment is administered throughout OVA-alum sensitization was unknown and is the aim of the present study. C57BL/6J mice were sensitized with OVA/alum and challenged with 7 days OVA aerosol. sBr 6 mg/kg/0.5 ml or PBS vehicle were administered throughout sensitization. Lung, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL, spleen, and lymph nodes were processed for flow cytometry and OVA-specific IgE was determined via ELISA. sBr treatment throughout OVA-alum sensitization significantly reduced the development of AAD (BAL eosinophils and lymphocytes. OVA-specific IgE and OVA TET+ cells were decreased. sBr reduced CD11c+ dendritic cell subsets, and in vitro treatment of DCs significantly reduced CD44, a key receptor in both cell trafficking and activation. sBr was shown to reduce allergic sensitization and the generation of AAD upon antigen challenge. These results provide additional insight into sBr's anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties and rationale for translation into the clinical arena.

  4. Treatment of sugar beet thick juice spent wash by chemical and natural coagulants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antov Mirjana G.

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available The possibility of treatment of wastewater from bioethanol production by aluminium sulfate and natural coagulant extracted from common bean seed was studied. The highest coagulation activity at pH 6.5 is reached with analum dose of 1 g/l, but only a little lower coagulation activities were obtained by the dose of 0.05 and 0.10 g/l, which is more favorable for economic and environmental reasons. When natural coagulant from common bean was applied the highest coagulation activity, 14.3%, at pH 6.5 is reached with a dose of 0.5 ml/l. However, when common bean natural coagulant was used simultaneously with alum, the highest turbidity removal resulting in 24% coagulation activity was achieved and this was more efficient than when alum or natural coagulant were used.

  5. The distribution of inherent phosphorus in fifteen water treatment ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2012-02-08

    Feb 8, 2012 ... PO Box 100284, Scottsville, 3209. ☎ +27 33 386 ...... (Bugbee and Frink, 1985; Cox et al., 1997; Hyde and Morris,. 2000), studies by .... ability and inorganic transformation in an alum sludge-affected soil. J. Environ. Qual.

  6. Activated charcoal-alum-zeolite improve the water quality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saryati; Sutisna; Sumarjo; ZL, Wildan; Wahyuningsih; Suprapti, Siti

    2002-01-01

    The composite of charcoal-tawas-zeolite has been studied to improve a drinking water quality. This study was doing to find the optimum composition in preparation of a simple technology og bath and small volume drinking treatment this treatment consist of coagulation, floculation, precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption. The improvement of water quality has been observed from a turbidity, a permanganate number and a quality of Cu, Cd, Pb, Al ions and coli bactery containing in the water after processing. It has been concluded that the composite materials has an ability to decrease the turbidity more than its components. The starch addition in the composite can be accelerate water clarity process. By this composite the turbidity, the permanganate number and the coli bacteria in the water can be decreased significantly. The optimum composite composition is 1000 mg activated charcoal, 1000 mg zeolite, 60 mg tawas, 40 mg natrium bicarbonate and 50 mg starch with grains size less than 80 mesh

  7. Quality of poultry litter submitted to different treatments in five consecutive flocks Qualidade da cama de frango submetida a diferentes tratamentos em cinco lotes consecutivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Carlos Loch

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available It was evaluated the effects of poultry litter treatment on moisture content, pH, density and volatilized ammonia for five consecutive flocks of broiler chicken breeding. It was used 640 birds per flock as a complete randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the following: 1 non-treated litter; 2 litter submitted to in-house composting; 3 litter treated with aluminum sulfate; 4 litter submitted to gypsum; 5 litter treated with quicklime; 6 litter treated with dolomitic limestone; 7 litter treated with zeolite and 8 litter treated with charcoal. Chopped elephant-grass hay was used as poultry litter in all flocks. Fermentation in the shed increased moisture content of the litters in the second and first flocks on 21 and 42 days of breeding, respectively. There was no difference on density among treatments. Aluminum sulfate reduced pH of the litters in all flocks at 21 days of breding. On 42 days of breeding, pH of the litters was reduced in the litters with aluminum sulfate and gypsum in the first, second and forth flocks. On 21 days, aluminum sulfate reduced the volatilized ammonia in the first, third and forth flocks, and on 42 days, there was a reduction of volatilized ammonia in the litters with aluminum sulfate in the forth flock. Aluminum sulfate can improve quality of poultry litter of chopped elephant-grass hay by reducing pH and ammonia volatilization.Foram avaliados os efeitos do tratamento da cama de frango sobre o teor de umidade, o pH, a densidade e a amônia volatilizada durante cinco lotes consecutivos de criação de frangos de corte. Foram utilizadas 640 aves por lote em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1 cama não-tratada; 2 cama submetida à compostagem dentro do galpão; 3 cama tratada com sulfato de alumínio; 4 cama tratada com gesso agrícola; 5 cama tratada com cal virgem; 6 cama tratada com calcário dolomítico; 7

  8. Adjuvants and the vaccine response to the DS-Cav1-stabilized fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mallika Sastry

    Full Text Available Appropriate adjuvant selection may be essential to optimize the potency and to tailor the immune response of subunit vaccines. To induce protective responses against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-a highly prevalent childhood pathogen without a licensed vaccine-we previously engineered a pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric RSV F (pre-F "DS-Cav1" immunogen, which induced high titer RSV-neutralizing antibodies, in mice and non-human primates, when formulated with adjuvants Poly (I:C and Poly (IC:LC, respectively. To assess the impact of different adjuvants, here we formulated RSV F DS-Cav1 with multiple adjuvants and assessed immune responses. Very high RSV-neutralizing antibody responses (19,006 EC50 were observed in naïve mice immunized with 2 doses of DS-Cav1 adjuvanted with Sigma adjuvant system (SAS, an oil-in-water adjuvant, plus Carbopol; high responses (3658-7108 were observed with DS-Cav1 adjuvanted with Alum, SAS alone, Adjuplex, Poly (I:C and Poly (IC:LC; and moderate responses (1251-2129 were observed with DS-Cav1 adjuvanted with the TLR4 agonist MPLA, Alum plus MPLA or AddaVax. In contrast, DS-Cav1 without adjuvant induced low-level responses (6. A balanced IgG1 and IgG2a (Th2/Th1 immune response was elicited in most of the high to very high response groups (all but Alum and Adjuplex. We also tested the immune response induced by DS-Cav1 in elderly mice with pre-existing DS-Cav1 immunity; we observed that DS-Cav1 adjuvanted with SAS plus Carbopol boosted the response 2-3-fold, whereas DS-Cav1 adjuvanted with alum boosted the response 5-fold. Finally, we tested whether a mixture of ISA 71 VG and Carbopol would enhanced the antibody response in DS-Cav1 immunized calves. While pre-F-stabilized bovine RSV F induced very high titers in mice when adjuvanted with SAS plus Carbopol, the addition of Carbopol to ISA 71 VG did not enhance immune responses in calves. The vaccine response to pre-F-stabilized RSV F is augmented by adjuvant, but the

  9. Filter assessment applied to analytical reconstruction for industrial third-generation tomography

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Velo, Alexandre F.; Martins, Joao F.T.; Oliveira, Adriano S.; Carvalho, Diego V.S.; Faria, Fernando S.; Hamada, Margarida M.; Mesquita, Carlos H., E-mail: afvelo@usp.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2015-07-01

    Multiphase systems are structures that contain a mixture of solids, liquids and gases inside a chemical reactor or pipes in a dynamic process. These systems are found in chemical, food, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries. The gamma ray computed tomography (CT) system has been applied to visualize the distribution of multiphase systems without interrupting production. CT systems have been used to improve design, operation and troubleshooting of industrial processes. Computer tomography for multiphase processes is being developed at several laboratories. It is well known that scanning systems demand high processing time, limited set of data projections and views to obtain an image. Because of it, the image quality is dependent on the number of projection, number of detectors, acquisition time and reconstruction time. A phantom containing air, iron and aluminum was used on the third generation industrial tomography with 662 keV ({sup 137}Cs) radioactive source. It was applied the Filtered Back Projection algorithm to reconstruct the images. An efficient tomography is dependent of the image quality, thus the objective of this research was to apply different types of filters on the analytical algorithm and compare each other using the figure of merit denominated root mean squared error (RMSE), the filter that presents lower value of RMSE has better quality. On this research, five types of filters were used: Ram-Lak, Shepp-Logan, Cosine, Hamming and Hann filters. As results, all filters presented lower values of RMSE, that means the filters used have low stand deviation compared to the mass absorption coefficient, however, the Hann filter presented better RMSE and CNR compared to the others. (author)

  10. Filter assessment applied to analytical reconstruction for industrial third-generation tomography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Velo, Alexandre F.; Martins, Joao F.T.; Oliveira, Adriano S.; Carvalho, Diego V.S.; Faria, Fernando S.; Hamada, Margarida M.; Mesquita, Carlos H.

    2015-01-01

    Multiphase systems are structures that contain a mixture of solids, liquids and gases inside a chemical reactor or pipes in a dynamic process. These systems are found in chemical, food, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries. The gamma ray computed tomography (CT) system has been applied to visualize the distribution of multiphase systems without interrupting production. CT systems have been used to improve design, operation and troubleshooting of industrial processes. Computer tomography for multiphase processes is being developed at several laboratories. It is well known that scanning systems demand high processing time, limited set of data projections and views to obtain an image. Because of it, the image quality is dependent on the number of projection, number of detectors, acquisition time and reconstruction time. A phantom containing air, iron and aluminum was used on the third generation industrial tomography with 662 keV ( 137 Cs) radioactive source. It was applied the Filtered Back Projection algorithm to reconstruct the images. An efficient tomography is dependent of the image quality, thus the objective of this research was to apply different types of filters on the analytical algorithm and compare each other using the figure of merit denominated root mean squared error (RMSE), the filter that presents lower value of RMSE has better quality. On this research, five types of filters were used: Ram-Lak, Shepp-Logan, Cosine, Hamming and Hann filters. As results, all filters presented lower values of RMSE, that means the filters used have low stand deviation compared to the mass absorption coefficient, however, the Hann filter presented better RMSE and CNR compared to the others. (author)

  11. EVALUATION OF NANOFILTRATION PRETREATMENTS FOR FLUX LOSS CONTROL

    Science.gov (United States)

    Differing nanofiltration pretreatment approaches for Ohio River water were evaluated withthe intent of producing systems with varying degrees of biological fouling. The membrane feed water was alum-coagulated, settled, and filtered Ohio River water (SF-ORW). Five 1.8" x 12" N...

  12. Effective flocculation of fine mineral suspensions using Moringa oleifera seeds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pickett, T.M. [Bureau of Mines, Reno, NV (United States)

    1995-12-31

    The purpose of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using Moringa oleifera seeds, or the active components of the seeds, in the clarification of waters containing suspended mineral fines. In comparative testing using a hematite suspension, the flocculating activity of Moringa oleifera seeds was better than alum. Twenty milligrams of seed powder was sufficient to clarify the hematite to near zero turbidity, while the same amount of alum had a minimal effect on turbidity. Extracts were prepared from the seeds in an attempt to separate the proteins. A crude protein extract was enriched by lowering the pH to 6.0. Only 0.08 mg/L of the enriched extract was required to flocculate a minusil suspension. Environmentally friendly protein flocculants could theoretically be produced and enhanced with recombinant DNA techniques as an alternative to chemical flocculants currently used in water treatment.

  13. Studies on the efficacy of Bridelia ferruginea Benth bark extract for domestic wastewater treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O.M. Kolawole

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available The efficacy of Bridelia ferruginea Benth bark extract in wastewater treatment was investigated. Chemical analysis found the bark to contain potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper. Phytochemical tests revealed the bark to contain tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. Comparative studies using varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 % w/v with alum and ferric chloride showed that the bark extract was effective in the clarification and sedimentation of total solids in the waste water sample. The optimum dose achieved was 2.5 % w/v with a minimum of 24 hours contact time. The total bacteria counts were reduced by 46 % after 24 hours when the extract was used whereas ferric chloride achieved 50 % reduction and alum achieved 55 % reduction under similar conditions. The feasibility of using the bark extract as an additional coagulant is therefore discussed.

  14. Process and system for treating waste water

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olesen, Douglas E.; Shuckrow, Alan J.

    1978-01-01

    A process of treating raw or primary waste water using a powdered, activated carbon/aerated biological treatment system is disclosed. Effluent turbidities less than 2 JTU (Jackson turbidity units), zero TOC (total organic carbon) and in the range of 10 mg/l COD (chemical oxygen demand) can be obtained. An influent stream of raw or primary waste water is contacted with an acidified, powdered, activated carbon/alum mixture. Lime is then added to the slurry to raise the pH to about 7.0. A polyelectrolyte flocculant is added to the slurry followed by a flocculation period -- then sedimentation and filtration. The separated solids (sludge) are aerated in a stabilization sludge basin and a portion thereof recycled to an aerated contact basin for mixing with the influent waste water stream prior to or after contact of the influent stream with the powdered, activated carbon/alum mixture.

  15. Eesti toetab Montenegro lahku löömist Serbiast / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2006-01-01

    Eestis viibis Montenegro välisminister Miodrag Vlahovic. Montenegros toimub referendum iseseisvuse küsimuses, välisministri sõnul loodab tema rahvas referendumi positiivse tulemuse korral esimesena toetust Brüsselist

  16. Endine turujuht end süüdi ei tunnistanud / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2005-01-01

    Vadim Polishtshuk, keda süüdistatakse koos kahe kaaslasega Mait Metsamaa mõrvaprotsessi peamise tunnistaja ähvardamise ja mõjutamise katses, ei tunnistanud end 19. septembril Tallinna linnakohtus alanud protsessil süüdi

  17. Üliõpilased soovivad Eesti valitsuselt toetust Valgevene tudengile / Hannes Krause

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Krause, Hannes

    2005-01-01

    Reedel saatis Eesti Üliõpilaskondade Liit kirja peaministrile ja välisministrile, paludes toetust tudeng Tatjana Homale, kes heideti välja Valgene Riiklikust Majandusülikoolist, sest ta ei teavitanud oma ülikooli sõidust Prantsusmaale Euroopa üliõpilasliitude katusorganisatsiooni üldkogule

  18. Valjala pastoraadis küpsetatakse piparkooke / Rita Loel ; kommenteerinud Hannes Nelis

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Loel, Rita, 1966-2012

    2009-01-01

    EELK Valjala Martini kogudus ja Valjala vallavalitsus korraldavad kaheksandat aastat esimesel advendipühapäeval kontserdi "Laulud jõulude ootuses", kus kuulutatakse välja jõulurahu ning pakutakse Valjala pastoraadis küpsetatud piparkooke

  19. Comments on cladocerans of crater lakes of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (Central Mexico), with the description of a new species, Alona manueli sp. nov.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sinev, Artem Y; Zawisza, Edyta

    2013-01-01

    Cladoceran communities of two lakes of Nevado de Toluca Volcano, Central Mexico, were studied. A new species of Aloninae, Alona manueli sp. nov., is described. It was previously confused with Palearctic Alona intermedia Sars, 1862, but clearly differs from it in the morphology of postabdomen, head shield and head pores, and thoracic limbs. Position of Alona manueli sp. nov. within the genus is unclear, it did not belong to any species-group within Alona s. lato. Other species recorded in the studied lakes are Alona ossiani Sinev, 1998, Alonella pulchella Herrick, 1884, Chydorus belonging to sphaericus-group, Eurycercus longirostris Hann, 1982 and Pleuroxus cf. denticulatus Birge, 1879.

  20. A comparative analysis of the effect of gaseous fission products release on the thermal behaviour of oxide fuel rods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Totev, T.L.; Kolev, I.G.

    1992-01-01

    Four different models of gaseous fission product release are compared in order to assess the relative effect of thermal characteristics of the fuel rods. The results show that the use of Weisman and EPRI models at a high burnup (over 50000 MW.d/tU) leads to almost the same figures of maximum fuel temperature and gas gap thermal conductivity. The use of Beyer-Hann (Betelle) and Pazdera-Valach (Rzez) models leads to under prediction of the fuel element thermal characteristics. A conclusion has been made that the Weisman model is the most suitable for the WWER-type fuel elements behaviour prediction. 10 refs., 7 figs

  1. Skin vaccination against cervical cancer associated human papillomavirus with a novel micro-projection array in a mouse model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Holly J Corbett

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Better delivery systems are needed for routinely used vaccines, to improve vaccine uptake. Many vaccines contain alum or alum based adjuvants. Here we investigate a novel dry-coated densely-packed micro-projection array skin patch (Nanopatch™ as an alternate delivery system to intramuscular injection for delivering an alum adjuvanted human papillomavirus (HPV vaccine (Gardasil® commonly used as a prophylactic vaccine against cervical cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Micro-projection arrays dry-coated with vaccine material (Gardasil® delivered to C57BL/6 mouse ear skin released vaccine within 5 minutes. To assess vaccine immunogenicity, doses of corresponding to HPV-16 component of the vaccine between 0.43 ± 0.084 ng and 300 ± 120 ng (mean ± SD were administered to mice at day 0 and day 14. A dose of 55 ± 6.0 ng delivered intracutaneously by micro-projection array was sufficient to produce a maximal virus neutralizing serum antibody response at day 28 post vaccination. Neutralizing antibody titres were sustained out to 16 weeks post vaccination, and, for comparable doses of vaccine, somewhat higher titres were observed with intracutaneous patch delivery than with intramuscular delivery with the needle and syringe at this time point. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Use of dry micro-projection arrays (Nanopatch™ has the potential to overcome the need for a vaccine cold chain for common vaccines currently delivered by needle and syringe, and to reduce risk of needle-stick injury and vaccine avoidance due to the fear of the needle especially among children.

  2. PENGARUH TEMPERATUR EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA ALAM DAUN JATI TERHADAP KUALITAS DAN ARAH WARNA PADA BATIK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yudi Satria

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Negative impacts especially synthetic dye carcinogenic effect on the environment and the user so natural coloring is now starting to be used because environmentally friendly. The influence of temperature variations on the quality and color direction using natural color teak leaves for batik cloth needs to be examined because the color of the fabric will decline due pelorodan process. The young leaves teak (Tectona grandis have a wide and large size, used to dye woven materials, have reddish brown color. The method used was variation temperature extraction of 50°C, 75°C and 100°C, fixation of alum, lime, prusi and lotus as well as testing the quality and direction of color. Variations in temperature extraction of teak leaves on cotton fabric and silk using a waterbath expected to know the quality and direction of the colors in batik. Results of testing the fastness to light and washing 40°C for extraction of teak leaf temperature of 50°C, 75°C and 100°C in cotton and silk with fixation alum, lime, prusi or lotus shows good scale with a value of 4 or 4-5. Natural color solution teak leaves with extraction temperature of 100°C resulted in the highest wavelength is 788.50 nm and the absorbance of the total of 0.1402 Abs. Color direction that produced show reddish color will be more visible at 100°C with a fixation alum or lime while prusi or lotus browned.

  3. 40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND... processes raw or cured cattle or cattle-like hides into finished leather by hair save or pulp unhairing, vegetable tanning or alum, syntans, oils and other agents for tanning, and retan-wet finishing. ...

  4. An incipient public authority: A short pre-history of the Central Bank of Iceland Stjórnvald í mótun: Drög að forsögu Seðlabankans

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helgi Skúli Kjartansson

    2011-06-01

    slandsbanka 1930; aðkomu hans að innflutnings- og gjaldeyrishöftum frá því í heimskreppunni; og takmörkuð áhrif hans á vaxtamyndun (hann hafði enga sveigjanlega stýrivexti þótt hann endurkeypti afurðavíxla af bönkunum eftir föstum reglum þar til hann fékk það hlutverk 1960 að ákvarða inn- og útlánsvexti, jafnframt því sem hann lagði í fyrsta skipti bindiskyldu á bankana. Í þessu fólst fyrsta ákvörðunarvald seðlabankans um peningamál. Áður var þó stjórn seðlabankans, bæði sérstök stjórn hans frá 1957 og enn áður stjórn Landsbankans sem seðlabanka, farin að setja fram sjálfstæð sjónarmið í peningamálum, jafnvel í andstöðu við ríkjandi stjórnarstefnu. Skattfrelsi sparifjár 1954 var t.d. málamiðlun þar sem ríkisstjórnin kom til móts við sjónarmið bankans.

  5. Faunal succession in the upper Cambrian (Furongian) Leptoplastus Superzone at Slemmestad, southern Norway

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Bo Wilhelm; Nielsen, Arne Thorshøj; Schovsbo, Niels H.

    2015-01-01

    The ‘Middle’ Cambrian–Tremadocian Alum Shale Formation is generally strongly tectonised in the Oslo area (southern Norway) and, as such, no complete succession through the Furongian exists in the area. The present paper presents a restored part of the Furongian interval through the Leptoplastus S...

  6. EXPLORING THE USE OF SUEDE DYE ON LEATHER

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    Nguyen (2007) that almost all the world output of leather is produced ... The experiment on the use of suede dye on leather was done in three formats. In the first format, suede ... warm water in a plastic container in the first instance. Alum is a ...

  7. Removal Of Heavy Metals From Industrial Wastewaters Using Local ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Wastewater samples from battery, paint and textile industries were treated with different doses of locally available alum, aluminum sulphate and ferric chloride in order to determine and compare their effectiveness in removing heavy metal contents from the wastewaters. The percentage removal of the metals from the ...

  8. 21 CFR 133.102 - Asiago fresh and asiago soft cheese.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... finished cheese having the same physical and chemical properties as the cheese produced when the procedure... purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent (calculated as anhydrous calcium... benzoyl peroxide with potassium alum, calcium sulfate, and magnesium carbonate; but the weight of the...

  9. Evaluating coagulant activity of locally available Syzygium cumini ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... where it was: alum>Artocarpus heterophyllus>Moringa oleifera >Syzygium cumini.Optimal turbidity removal was: Moringa oleifera 97.7%, Artocarpus heterophyllus 95.8% and Syzygium cumini 94.1%. The seed extracts were also effective as water disinfectants (Moringa>Jackfruit>Java plum). The use of Jackfruit and Java ...

  10. Substituição de amianto por silicato de alumínio e grafite expansível em compósito de poliuretano utilizado em motor-foguete Substitution of asbestos for aluminosiliacate and expandable graphite in polyurethane composites used in rocket motors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henrique Crespim

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Compósitos de poliuretano e amianto (liner são utilizados como revestimento interno em paredes de motor-foguete, conferindo proteção térmica e garantindo a adesão entre o propelente e as paredes do motor. No entanto, o uso do amianto tem sido restringido devido à sua toxidade. No presente trabalho, o amianto foi substituído por um silicato de alumínio hidratado (SA e pelo grafite expansível (GE em diferentes teores no liner. Resultados de análise termogravimétrica (TG mostraram que a estabilidade térmica do liner praticamente não é afetada pela substituição das cargas, embora a energia de ativação (Ea obtida para a decomposição tenha mudado, mostrando maiores valores para as amostras contendo as cargas SA e GE. A análise termomecânica (TMA mostrou que o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear do liner contendo SA foi menor que aquele encontrado para o liner contendo amianto. O liner contendo a carga SA também apresentou os maiores valores de tensão nos testes mecânicos de tração.Composites of polyurethane (PU and asbestos (liner are used as internal coating of rocket motors, providing thermal protection and assuring the adhesion between propellant and the motor walls. However, the use of asbestos has been restricted due to its hazardous nature. In the present work, asbestos was replaced by hydrated alumina silicate (SA and expandable graphite (GE in different contents. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG showed that the thermal stability of liners was practically unaffected by the filler replacement although the activation energy obtained for the decomposition has changed. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA showed that coefficients of thermal expansion of SA/liners were lower than asbestos/liner. SA/liners also presented the highest tension values in mechanical tests.

  11. Contribuição ao estudo de efluentes de indústrias de celulose e papel.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sônia Maria Bitencourt Frizzo

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente estudo descreve os tratamentos alternativos a que foi submetido o efluente secundário de uma indústria de celulose kraft branqueada. As amostras do efluente foram analisadas quanto ao teor de cloretos e  de elementos-traço (zinco, cobre, chumbo e cádmio e, a seguir, foram tratadas com sulfato de alumínio ou cloreto férrico, como floculantes, utilizando-se, ainda, resíduos sólidos do processo industrial ("dreg", "grit", cinza pesada e carvão ativo, como auxiliares de floculação. Foi observada uma significativa redução do teor de cloretos e de elementos-traço nos efluentes finais, com o uso combinado de sulfato de alumínio/carvão ativo 2 e cloreto férrico/resíduos industriais, respectivamente.

  12. Preventive Intra Oral Treatment of Sea Cucumber Ameliorate OVA-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Da-In; Park, Mi-Kyung; Kang, Shin Ae; Choi, Jun-Ho; Kang, Seok-Jung; Lee, Jeong-Yeol; Yu, Hak Sun

    2016-01-01

    Sea cucumber extracts have potent biological effects, including anti-viral, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammation effects. To understand their anti-asthma effects, we induced allergic airway inflammation in mice after 7 oral administrations of the extract. The hyper-responsiveness value in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-alum-induced asthma after oral injection of sea cucumber extracts was significantly lower than that in the OVA-alum-induced asthma group. In addition, the number of eosinophils in the lungs of asthma-induced mice pre-treated with sea cucumber extract was significantly decreased compared to that of PBS pre-treated mice. Additionally, CD4[Formula: see text]CD25[Formula: see text]Foxp3[Formula: see text]T (regulatory T; Treg) cells significantly increased in mesenteric lymph nodes after 7 administrations of the extract. These results suggest that sea cucumber extract can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation via Treg cell activation and recruitment to the lung.

  13. Three-dimensional motion-picture imaging of dynamic object by parallel-phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy using an inverted magnification optical system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fukuda, Takahito; Shinomura, Masato; Xia, Peng; Awatsuji, Yasuhiro; Nishio, Kenzo; Matoba, Osamu

    2017-04-01

    We constructed a parallel-phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy (PPSDHM) system using an inverted magnification optical system, and succeeded in three-dimensional (3D) motion-picture imaging for 3D displacement of a microscopic object. In the PPSDHM system, the inverted and afocal magnification optical system consisted of a microscope objective (16.56 mm focal length and 0.25 numerical aperture) and a convex lens (300 mm focal length and 82 mm aperture diameter). A polarization-imaging camera was used to record multiple phase-shifted holograms with a single-shot exposure. We recorded an alum crystal, sinking down in aqueous solution of alum, by the constructed PPSDHM system at 60 frames/s for about 20 s and reconstructed high-quality 3D motion-picture image of the crystal. Then, we calculated amounts of displacement of the crystal from the amounts in the focus plane and the magnifications of the magnification optical system, and obtained the 3D trajectory of the crystal by that amounts.

  14. Draft Tube Baffle (DTB) crystallizers: A study of stationary and dynamically behaving Crystal Size Distributions (CSD)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deleer, B. G. M.

    1981-11-01

    Based on population balance, CSD behavior as a function of geometrical and operating variables was studied, using a crystallizer. A potash alum-water system, involving a separation technique which uses surface active agents and an apolar, organic liquid to separate potash alum crystals from mother liquid under the influence of gravity was used to check experimental findings against literature data. Results show action of annular settling spaces is strongly influenced by fluid velocities perpendicular to those directed upwards. The well-mixed volume decreases with increasing crystallizer size until a minimum effective volume is reached. As supersaturation is constant throughout the crystallizer volume under stationary operating conditions, the annular settling space behaves like a growth chamber for crystals in its volume. Swirl in the lower part of the annular volume introduces significant back mixing. Crystals within this space either grow and return to the well-mixed part, or withdraw from the annular volume permanently.

  15. Borax cross-linked guar gum hydrogels as potential adsorbents for water purification.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thombare, Nandkishore; Jha, Usha; Mishra, Sumit; Siddiqui, M Z

    2017-07-15

    With the aim to explore new adsorbents for water purification, guar gum based hydrogels were synthesized by cross-linking with borax at different percentage. The cross-linking was confirmed through characterization by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM morphology, thermal studies and water absorption capacity. To examine the adsorption/absorption performance of different grades of hydrogels, their flocculation efficiency was studied in kaolin suspension at different pH by standard jar test procedure. The flocculation efficiency of the test materials was compared with the commercially used coagulant, alum and also residues of Al and K left in the treated water were comparatively studied. The synthesized hydrogels were also tested for their efficiency of removing Aniline Blue dye by UV-vis spectrophotometer study. The best grade hydrogel outperformed alum, at extremely low concentration and also showed dye removing efficiency up to 94%. The single step synthesized green products thus exhibited great potential as water purifying agents. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. APLIKASI KOAGULAN ALAMI DARI TEPUNG JAGUNG DALAM PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eka Prihatinningtyas

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Maize can be used as natural coagulant in water treatment process.The aim of this research was find the optimum condition on water treatment using natural coagulant from maize. Maize extract made by dissolving 5 grams of maize into 100 ml NaCl. The solution separated by centrifugation. The supernatant named extract of maize. Extract of maize loaded onto column packed with Amberlite and produced ionic maize.The active components are carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups. Ionic maize yield better turbidity removal than extract of maize. Coagulation withh high initial turbidity gave high efficiency of turbidity removal than low turbidity. Coagulation process runs efficiently at pH 5 because at that point the isoelectric point was obtained. The flowrate less than 0.03 m/ min, the alum will provide the efficiency of suspended solids removal greater than extract of maize. While the over flowrate higher than 0.03 m / min, settling velocity of kaolin using alum and extract of maize are the same.

  17. Temperature effects on flocculation, using different coagulants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fitzpatrick, C S B; Fradin, E; Gregory, J

    2004-01-01

    Temperature is known to affect flocculation and filter performance. Jar tests have been conducted in the laboratory, using a photometric dispersion analyser (PDA) to assess the effects of temperature on floc formation, breakage and reformation. Alum, ferric sulphate and three polyaluminium chloride (PACI) coagulants have been investigated for temperatures ranging between 6 and 29 degrees C for a suspension of kaolin clay in London tap water. Results confirm that floc formation is slower at lower temperatures for all coagulants. A commercial PACl product, PAX XL 19, produces the largest flocs for all temperatures; and alum the smallest. Increasing the shear rate results in floc breakage in all cases and the flocs never reform to their original size. This effect is most notable for temperatures around 15 degrees C. Breakage, in terms of floc size reduction, is greater for higher temperatures, suggesting a weaker floc. Recovery after increased shear is greater at lower temperatures implying that floc break-up is more reversible for lower temperatures.

  18. A naturalização da identidade social precarizada na indústria do alumínio primário paraense The acknowledgment of the precarious social identity in the primary aluminum industry in the state of Pará, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Attila Magno e Silva Barbosa

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar em que medida o processo de terceirização em uma indústria de alumínio primário no município de Barcarena, no estado do Pará, produz diferenciações nas identidades sociais dos trabalhadores diretos e dos terceirizados. Como se sabe, os terceirizados possuem estatuto diferenciado no espaço de trabalho, o que os exclui da rede de benefícios oferecida pelas empresas. Nesse sentido, a sociedade passa a conviver não apenas com a fragilidade presente na relação salarial, mas também com o desmoronamento dos princípios reguladores da sociabilidade entre os trabalhadores. A hipótese levantada é a de que os estatutos mais precários que fundamentam a condição dos terceirizados se estendem por toda a constituição da vida social destes e lhes confere uma identidade social distinta. Foram realizadas 15 entrevistas com cada grupo de trabalhadores e duas entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais, também analisamos o acordo coletivo dos trabalhadores diretos com a empresa e os relatórios anuais desta desde o ano de 2003.This study intends to examine to what extent the outsourcing process in an industry of primary aluminum, in the city of Barcarena, Pará, results in differentiation in the social identities of direct and outsourced workers. Outsourced workers have a different status in the workplace, which excludes them from the benefits offered by the companies. As a result, society has to deal not only with the fragility of the wage relationship, but also with the collapse of the principles that regulate sociability among workers. The hypothesis is that the precarious statutes responsible for the conditions of outsourced workers are extended throughout their social lives, which gives them a distinct social identity. Fifteen interviews were conducted with each group of workers; two union leaders were also interviewed. Furthermore, the article examines the collective agreement between the direct workers

  19. The 2015 Enterprise Application Market in Higher Education: Customer Relationship Management Systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lang, Leah; Pirani, Judith A.

    2016-01-01

    Institutions face both challenges and opportunities in communicating with external constituent groups, from marketing new programs to attracting visitors and soliciting alumni. A college or university's tight-knit community of students, alums, and friends adds a special dimension to the higher education experience; bonds formed in college often…

  20. Control strategies for bovine dermatophilosis with particular ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The various control strategies for Dermatophilosis are discussed in this paper. Recommendations for control of Dermatophilosis in Nigeria on short term include ecto-parasite control by regular use of insecticide/acaricide in dips with added 0.03% copper sulphate or 1% solution of alum (potassium aluminium sulphate) ...

  1. The Evolutionary Strategy of Mimcry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lane, Patricia A.

    1977-01-01

    Describes methods and materials for an innovative laboratory exercise that centers on the concept of mimicry and illustrates the importance of adaptation, natural selection and coevolution. Students are used as predators and raisins as prey. Included are directions for preparation of unpalatable raisins using alum dissolved in reconstituted lemon…

  2. Chemical and microbiological evaluation of the internal surfaces of aluminum tubes both unlined and lined with epoxi resin by means of the stereoscope and scanning electron microscope Avaliação química e microbiológica da superfície interna dos tubos de alumínio não revestido e revestido com resina epóxi por meio de microscópio estereoscópio e eletrônico de varredura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisabeth Loshchagin Pizzolitto

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available The internal surfaces of aluminum tubes, both unlined and lined with epoxy resin, which are used for packaged medicines such as creams, ointments, gels, etc., were evaluated chemically, and microbiologically with regard to microorganism adherence. Proof of porosity of the unlined aluminum surface and lined with epoxy resin, and the resistance to removal of the resin were observed using a scanning electron microscope and a stereoscope, with a digitalized image system. To evaluate the microorganisms adherence to the aluminum surface, unlined and lined with epoxy resin, sterilized disks (10mm in diameter were immersed in Mueller Hinton Broth and placed in tubes of polypropylene with screw caps. The liquid culture medium was then inoculated with suspensions (10(9CFU/ml of the following microorganisms: Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida albicans and incubated at 37°C under constant agitation (100rpm for 12 days. The culture broth was changed every 3 days, after which the disks were removed, and observed under the scanning electron microscope. Microscopic observations revealed adherence of the microorganisms and biofilm on the aluminum surfaces both unlined and lined with epoxy resin.A superfície interna das bisnagas fabricadas com alumínio não revestido e revestido com resina epóxi, utilizadas para acondicionar cremes, pomadas, géis, etc., foram avaliadas quimicamente e por métodos microbiológicos correlacionados com a aderência de microrganismos. A prova da porosidade e da resistência à remoção da resina foi observada por meio do microscópio eletrônico de varredura (Topcon FM300 e estereoscópio Leica (MZ12 acoplado a Sistema de Digitalização de Imagens. Para avaliar a ação dos microrganismos foram utilizados corpos-de-prova esterilizados (discos de 10mm de diâmetro, imersos em caldo Mueller Hinton (Difco e colocados em tubos de polipropileno com tampa de rosca (Corning. Foram

  3. Chemical modification of birch allergen extract leads to a reduction in allergenicity as well as immunogenicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Würtzen, Peter Adler; Lund, Lise; Lund, Gitte; Holm, Jens; Millner, Anders; Henmar, Helene

    2007-01-01

    In Europe, specific immunotherapy is currently conducted with vaccines containing allergen preparations based on intact extracts. In addition to this, chemically modified allergen extracts (allergoids) are used for specific allergy treatment. Reduced allergenicity and thereby reduced risk of side effects in combination with retained ability to activate T cells and induce protective allergen-specific antibody responses has been claimed for allergoids. In the current study, we compared intact allergen extracts and allergoids with respect to allergenicity and immunogenicity. The immunological response to birch allergen extract, alum-adsorbed extract, birch allergoid and alum-adsorbed allergoid was investigated in vitro in human basophil histamine release assay and by stimulation of human allergen-specific T cell lines. In vivo, Bet v 1-specific IgG titers in mice were determined after repetitive immunizations. In all patients tested (n = 8), allergoid stimulations led to reduced histamine release compared to the intact allergen extract. However, the allergoid preparations were not recognized by Bet v 1-specific T cell lines (n = 7), which responded strongly to the intact allergen extract. Mouse immunizations showed a clearly reduced IgG induction by allergoids and a strongly potentiating effect of the alum adjuvant. Optimal IgG titers were obtained after 3 immunizations with intact allergen extracts, while 5 immunizations were needed to obtain maximal response to the allergoid. The reduced histamine release observed for allergoid preparations may be at the expense of immunological efficacy because the chemical modifications lead to a clear reduction in T cell activation and the ability to induce allergen-specific IgG antibody responses. Copyright 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  4. Agregação de um planossolo sistematizado há um ano e sob cultivo de arroz irrigado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reichert José Miguel

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available A sistematização do solo altera a variação horizontal e a vertical das propriedades do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das propriedades físicas e químicas do solo sobre o seu grau de agregação e verificar a semelhança de características relacionadas à agregação de horizontes do solo original e sistematizado (áreas de corte e aterro. Para a quantificação das propriedades intrínsecas e do grau de agregação, amostras com estrutura alterada e preservada foram coletadas em dois perfis com características originais e em dois perfis localizados em áreas sistematizadas de um Planossolo hidromórfico eutrófico típico, perfazendo um total de seis perfis analisados. Verificou-se que a agregação do solo sistematizado (áreas de corte e aterro foi, em geral, similar à dos horizontes E e B do perfil original do solo. A argila, os óxidos de ferro, alumínio e manganês, além do magnésio e do alumínio trocáveis, foram os principais componentes que se correlacionaram com a agregação do solo. Pela análise de regressão múltipla, verificou-se que houve relação positiva da agregação do solo com a argila e com os óxidos de ferro e de alumínio cristalinos e de baixa cristalinidade.

  5. Regional environmental documentation of natural radiation in Sweden

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wilson, C.

    1982-01-01

    In 1979, when the problem of high radon daughter levels in Swedish houses became widely published, the need for information on variations in the natural radiation environment became very apparent. The radon problem was at first attributed to radon emanation from alum shale based aerated concrete, but it was soon obvious that ground with an abnormally high uranium content constitutes an even greater risk for high radon daughter levels in houses. The geological Survey of Sweden was commissioned to produce a documentation in map form for all areas and rock types with gamma ray levels exceeding 30 μR/h, with the intention of delimiting risk areas for high soil gas radon contents. The maps, known as GEO-radiation maps, are produced at scale of 1:50 000. They are based primarily upon radiometric surveys, ground measurements of gammaradiation and geological mapping. To date some 450 map sheets have been published covering approximately 55% of the country. The maps provide primary information to local planning, health and building authorities as to variations in the natural radiation environment. Within the so-called risk areas marked on the maps, local authorities are recommended to investigate the soil gas radon content prior to any new development. Geological environments known, in Sweden, to be associated with radon daughter problems in dwellings are alum shale, a Cambrian, uranium-rich black shale, uranium-rich granites and uranium-rich pegmatites. Both alum shale and uranium-rich granites constitute extensive areas of bedrock. More recently it has been established that high soil-gas radon concentrations are also associated with glacial eskers. (Author)

  6. Evaluation of Immunogenicity of Novel Isoform of EG95 (EG95-5G1 From Echinococcus granulosus in BALB/C Mice.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Majid Pirestani

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease of humans and various herbivorous domestic animals transmitted by the contact with domestic and wild carnivores, mainly dogs and foxes. The aim of this study is the production, purification and evaluation immunogenicity of new construction of EG95 protein.The recombinant plasmid pET32-a+ used for Eg95 expression was constructed with the EG95 gene of Echinococcus granulosus fused with the thioredoxin tag. This recombinant clone was over expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE-3. The expressed fusion protein was found almost entirely in the insoluble form (inclusion bodies in cell lysate. The purification was performed under denaturing conditions in the presence of 8M urea by Ni-NTA column and dialysis. The purified recombinant proteins were confirmed with western blot analysis using polyclonal antiserum. To find out the immunogenicity of the purified protein, the BALB/c mice (10 mice/group were immunized by injecting 20 μg rEG95 protein formulated in Freund's and alum adjuvant.Immunization of mice with rEG95 using CFA/IFA and alum adjuvant generated high level of total antibody. In proliferation assay, the lymphocytes were able to mount a strong proliferative response with related production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α but with low secretion of either IL-4 or IL-10. The humoral and cellular immune responses against rEG95 suggested a mixed Th1/Th2 response with high intensity toward Th1.Our findings suggest that new construct of rEG95 formulated with CFA/IFA and alum adjuvant elicited strong cellular and humoral responses supporting further development of this vaccine candidate.

  7. Phase I Randomized Study of a Tetravalent Dengue Purified Inactivated Vaccine in Healthy Adults from Puerto Rico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Diaz, Clemente; Lin, Leyi; Martinez, Luis J; Eckels, Kenneth H; Campos, Maribel; Jarman, Richard G; De La Barrera, Rafael; Lepine, Edith; Toussaint, Jean-François; Febo, Irma; Innis, Bruce L; Thomas, Stephen J; Schmidt, Alexander C

    2018-05-01

    The safety and immunogenicity of four adjuvanted formulations of an investigational tetravalent dengue purified inactivated vaccine (DPIV) were evaluated in a predominantly dengue-primed population in Puerto Rico. In this placebo-controlled, randomized, observer-blind, phase I trial, 100 healthy adults were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive DPIV at Day (D)0 and D28 (1 μg per dengue virus [DENV] type 1-4 adjuvanted with either alum, AS01 E or AS03 B , or 4 μg per DENV type adjuvanted with alum) or saline placebo. Functional antibody responses were assessed using a microneutralization assay at D56, Month (M)7, and M13. All DPIV formulations were well tolerated and no safety signals were identified through M13. The M13 according-to-protocol (ATP) immunogenicity cohort included 83 participants. The ATP analysis of immunogenicity was performed only on the 78 subjects seropositive for ≥ 1 DENV type at baseline: 69 tetravalent, three trivalent, two bivalent, and four monovalent. In all DPIV groups, geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) increased from D0 to D56 and waned modestly through M13, while remaining well above prevaccination levels. The 4 μg + alum and the AS01 E - and AS03 B -adjuvanted formulations were highly immunogenic, with M13-neutralizing antibody GMTs against all four DENV types above 1,000. M13/D0 GMT ratios were highest in the 1 μg + AS03 B group (ranging 3.2-3.7 depending on the DENV type). These results encourage continued clinical development of DPIV (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01702857).

  8. Mineralogy and geochemistry of Mississippian and Lower Pennsylvanian black shales at the northern margin of the Variscan mountain belt (Germany and Belgium)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rippen, D.; Uffmann, A.K.; Littke, R. [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Energy and Mineral Resources Group (EMR)

    2013-08-01

    Ongoing exploration on unconventional gas resources in Central Europe led to a focus of interest on Paleozoic black shale formations. The work presented here comprises diverse assessment-critical data of potentially economic black shale formations of the Carboniferous, including mineralogy, geochemical data, petrophysical data and geological parameters such as burial and thermal history. The sampled and investigated Paleozoic black shales are highly mature to overmature in terms of oil generation, although some gas generation potential remains. Especially the shales of the uppermost Mississippian (Upper Alum Shale/Chokier Formation) have high contents of organic carbon, are tens of meters thick and reached the gas window. Adjacent carbonates are often stained black and rich in solid bitumen, indicating a former oil impregnation of these reservoirs. Furthermore, the geochemical and petrophysical properties of the Upper Alum Shale and Chokier Formation black shales are similar to those of already producing shale gas plays like the Barnett shale in the USA. These shale sequences are enriched in silica, needed for enhanced fraccability performance at production stage. Although all hydrocarbon potential for the Mississippian shales is exhausted, a high retention potential of thermally generated gas is favored by thick overlying sequences of greywackes and shales in most of the investigated areas. Based on these observations, the Upper Alum Shale and the Chokier formation can be regarded as potential gas shale targets. Any exploration will have to take place north of the outcrop areas, because present-day Mississippian strata are completely eroded south of the studied outcrops. Most other Mississippian and Pennsylvanian black shales are relatively thin and are therefore not considered as primary targets for shale gas plays. (orig.)

  9. Effects of Land-Applied Ammonia Scrubber Solutions on Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, Soil Test Phosphorus, and Phosphorus Runoff.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martin, Jerry W; Moore, Philip A; Li, Hong; Ashworth, Amanda J; Miles, Dana M

    2018-03-01

    Ammonia (NH) scrubbers reduce amounts of NH and dust released from animal rearing facilities while generating nitrogen (N)-rich solutions, which may be used as fertilizers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various NH scrubber solutions on forage yields, N uptake, soil-test phosphorus (P), and P runoff. A small plot study was conducted using six treatments: (i) an unfertilized control, (ii) potassium bisulfate (KHSO) scrubber solution, (iii) aluminum sulfate [Al(SO) ⋅14HO, alum] scrubber solution, (iv) sodium bisulfate (NaHSO) scrubber solution, (v) sulfuric acid (HSO) scrubber solution, and (vi) ammonium nitrate (NHNO) fertilizer. The scrubber solutions were obtained from ARS Air Scrubbers attached to commercial broiler houses. All N sources were applied at a rate of 112 kg N ha. Plots were harvested approximately every 4 wk and soil-test P measurements were made, then a rainfall simulation study was conducted. Cumulative forage yields were greater ( scrubber solutions than for alum (6.7 Mg ha) or HSO (6.5 Mg ha) scrubber solutions or for NHNO (6.9 Mg ha). All N sources resulted in higher yields than the control (5.1 Mg ha). The additional potassium in the KHSO treatment likely resulted in higher yields. Although Mehlich-III-extractable P was not affected, water-extractable P in soil was lowered by the alum-based scrubber solution, which also resulted in lower P runoff. This study demonstrates that N captured using NH scrubbers is a viable N fertilizer. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

  10. "A model co-operative country": Irish-Finnish co-operative contacts at the turn of the twentieth century

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hilson, Mary

    2017-01-01

    Agricultural co-operative societies were widely discussed across late nineteenth-century Europe as a potential solution to the problems of agricultural depression, land reform and rural poverty. In Finland, the agronomist Hannes Gebhard drew inspiration from examples across Europe in founding the...... that even before the First World War it was Finland, not Ireland, that had begun to be regarded as ‘a model co-operative country’....... between Irish and Finnish co-operators around the turn of the century, and examines the ways in which the parallels between the two countries were constructed and presented by those involved in these exchanges. I will also consider the reasons for the divergence in the development of cooperation, so...

  11. Effects of adding aluminum sulfate to different litters on selected ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The objective of this study was to determine the effects of adding aluminum sulfate to different litters on blood plasma concentrations of some principal microelements and some vitamins in broilers. In this experiment, 645 day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 litter group (straw, sawdust, alum ...

  12. Induction of protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice by ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The results showed that mice immunized by pcROP1 with or without alum produced high Th1 immune response compared with control groups. This type of DNA vaccine prolonged slightly the survival time. The current study showed that ROP1 DNA vaccine can induced partial protective response against toxoplasmosis.

  13. Characterisation and concentration profile of aluminium during ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    An aluminium(Al) characterisation study was conducted at a surface water treatment plant (Buffalo Pound Water Treatment Plant (BPWTP) in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada) to understand better the effect of alum coagulant on various Al fractions. The raw water source for BPWTP is Buffalo Pound Lake water. The Al ...

  14. 21 CFR 133.111 - Caciocavallo siciliano cheese.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... properties as the cheese produced when the procedure set forth in paragraph (b) of this section is used. It... purified calcium chloride in a quantity not more than 0.02 percent, calculated as anhydrous calcium... of benzoyl peroxide with potassium alum, calcium sulfate, and magnesium carbonate; but the weight of...

  15. An Efficient and Green Procedure for the Preparation of Acylals from ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    An Efficient and Green Procedure for the Preparation of Acylals from Aldehydes Catalyzed by Alum [KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O] ... South African Journal of Chemistry ... mild reaction conditions, short reaction times and excellent yields, and offers a green synthetic solution by avoiding toxic catalysts and hazardous solvents.

  16. Partial immunity in murine by immunization with a toxoplasmic DNA ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    arsenal

    2012-06-12

    Jun 12, 2012 ... vaccine can be effective in partial protection against this parasite. In this study ... that mice immunized by pcROP1 with or without alum produced high Th1 immune response compared .... antigen-specific antibodies, 96-well costar plates were coated .... vaccines against some protozoa, for example, malaria,.

  17. A Survey of Fastening Techniques for Shipbuilding

    Science.gov (United States)

    1973-09-01

    40, to temperature by Neoprene aluminum. moisture ab - rubber bondled Also alum- sorption, to 20124-n3 ilum to aluminum aluminum. 301.6 lbs/in ®~ x...n.applicantionrs ahr-lar high aluu g Epox resina strenrgthr in requaired. raeadeig. Boaaodtraas m etnals. alarslics, as ara al glnass anda fiber

  18. Science World Journal - Vol 4, No 4 (2009)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Synergy Between Moringa oleifera Seed Powder And Alum In The Purification of Domestic Water · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. MB Dalen, JS Pam, A Izang, R Ekele. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/swj.v4i4.51400 ...

  19. SIMBIOSIS MICORRIZICA ARBUSCULAR Y ACUMULACIÓN DE ALUMINIO EN Brachiaria decumbens Y Manihot esculenta SIMBIOSE MICORRIZICA ARBUSCULAR E ACUMULAÇÃO DE ALUMÍNIO EM Brachiaria decumbens E Manihot esculenta ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS AND ACUMULATION OF ALUMINUM Brachiaria decumbens AND Manihot esculenta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BEATRIZ ELENA GUERRA S.

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Suelos dedicados al monocultivo de Elaeis guineensis Jacq en Puerto Wilches-Santander-Colombia, presentan baja fertilidad, altas saturaciones de aluminio y baja densidad de esporas de hongos micorrizicos. Se evaluó el comportamiento de la simbiosis micorrizica utilizando suelos nativos con micorrizas (MA+ y sin micorrizas (MA-, en Brachiaria decumbens y Manihot esculenta, quienes poseen alta micotrofia y capacidad de retención del ión aluminio. Se consideraron las variables densidad de esporas, porcentaje de colonización micorrizica, biomasa seca y longitud radicular, concentración de aluminio foliar y radicular. Se realizó una (ANOVA de dos vías con un modelo lineal general. Se observaron porcentajes de colonización micorrizica superiores al 70% en B. decumbens en suelos con concentraciones de 0,6 y 1,4 meq/100 g de Aluminio. M. esculenta presento 50 % de simbiosis micorrizica, en todos los tipos de suelo. Se incrementaron las esporas nativas de palma aceitera hasta un 200% en las dos plantas huespéd. Las concentraciones de aluminio a nivel radicular fueron mayores en plantas micorrizadas, mientras que a nivel foliar los valores fueron más bajos.Solos dedicados à monocultura de Elaeis guineensis Jacq em Puerto Wilches-Santander apresentam baixa fertilidade, alta saturação de alumínio e baixa densidade de esporos de fungos micorrízicos. Avaliaram-se o comportamento da simbiose micorrízica usando solos nativos com fungos micorrízicos (MA+ e sem fungos micorrízicos (MA-, na Brachiaria decumbens e Manihot esculenta, plantas com alto grau de micotrofia e capacidade de retenção de íons de alumínio. Considerou-se as variáveis: densidade de esporos, porcentagem de colonização micorrízica, biomassa seca, longo da raiz e concentração de alumínio nas folhas e raízes. Realizou-se uma (ANOVA de duas vias com o modelo linear geral. Observou-se porcentagens de colonização micorrízica acima de 70% na B. decumbens em solos com

  20. Nimed olümpiavormil ehk Ilvese peidetud bränd / Hannes Tamme

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Tamme, Hannes, 1957-

    2002-01-01

    AS Ilves-Extra juht ja põhiomanik Arvo Kivikas ettevõtte arengust läbi aegade, rahvusvahelisest koostööst ning oma tegevusest ja eesmärkidest firma juhina. Tabel: AS Ilves-Extra omanikud, aktsiakapital, töötajad ja majandusnäitajad

  1. The oldest Danish ballad tradition in its socio-cultural setting / Hanne Ruus

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ruus, Hanne

    2003-01-01

    Artikkel põhineb 1993-1998 a. läbi viidud põhjalikul uurimistööl, milles uuriti taani ballaadide ja laulude käsikirju aastatest 1550-1700 ning ka nende omanikke ja kollektsionääre sotsiaalkultuurilises kontekstis

  2. Europe is waiting for Estonia's decision = Euroopa ootab Eesti otsust / Hannes Rumm

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Rumm, Hannes, 1968-

    2003-01-01

    Autor analüüsib Eesti euroreferendumi tulemust mõjutavaid tegureid ja prognoosib teistes kandidaatriikides toimunud referendumite mõju Eesti avalikule arvamusele EL-iga liitumise suhtes. Vt. samas: Rahvahääletused Euroopas

  3. Synthesis of Gamma-Alumina from Kankara Kaolin as Potential ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Engr Solomn Gajere

    Large specific surface area gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) was synthesized by hydrothermal method using Kankara kaolin as starting material. Thermal treatment of ammonium alum prepared from the filtrate of the dealuminated metakaolin was employed to obtain the alumina. Crystalline aluminum sulfate with 39 wt% Al2O3 ...

  4. Mössbauer Study of Electronic Spin-Flip Processes in NH4 Fe(SO4)2 ·12H2O

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mørup, Steen; Thrane., N.

    1971-01-01

    Relaxation-broadened Mössbauer spectra of ferric alum have been obtained in the temperature range 85-250 K, with 0-5-kG applied magnetic field. In fields above a few kG the spectra are only influenced by hyperfine fields fluctuating parallel to the applied-field direction. In low applied fields t...

  5. EFFECTIVENESS OF CHITOSAN AS NATURAL COAGULANT AID IN TREATING TURBID WATERS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. Bina ، M. H. Mehdinejad ، M. Nikaeen ، H. Movahedian Attar

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available During the last decade, there has been a concern about the relation between aluminum residuals in treated water and Alzheimer disease, and more interest has been considered on the development of natural coagulants such as chitosan. Chitosan, a natural linear biopolyaminosaccharide, is obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of alum as coagulant in conjunction with chitosan as coagulant aid on the removal of turbidity, hardness and Escherichia coli from water. A conventional jar test apparatus was employed for the tests. The optimum pH was observed between 7 to 7.5 for all turbidities. The optimum doses of alum and chitosan when used in conjunction, were 10mg/L and 1mg/L, 5mg/L and 0.5mg/L, and 5mg/L and 0.5mg/L in low, medium and high turbidities, respectively. Turbidity removal efficiency was resulted between %74.3 to %98.2 by alum in conjunction with chitosan. Residual Al+3 in treated water was less than 0.2 mg/L, meeting the international guidelines. The results showed that turbidity decrease provided also a primary Escherichia coli reduction of 2-4 log units within the first 1 to 2 hr of treatment. Hardness removal efficiency decreased when the total hardness increased from 102 to 476mg/L as CaCO3. At low initial turbidity, chitosan showed marginally better performance on hardness, especially at the ranges of 100 to 210 mg/L as CaCO3. In conclusion, coagulant aid showed a useful method for coagulation process. By using natural coagulants, considerable savings in chemicals and sludge handling cost may be achieved.

  6. Treatment of some Textile Industrial Effluents using Dry Corn Stalk ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Corn stalk ground to various mesh sizes was used to treat textile effluents obtained from three different industries. These effluents were first pretreated with alum and then charcoal; passing the water through a column, (20cm long and 5cm diameter) containing the ground corn stalk of size diameters of 300mm, 355mm ...

  7. Structure and fluid evolution of Yili basin and their relation to sandstone type uranium mineralization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Juntang; Wang Chengwei; Feng Shirong

    2008-01-01

    Based on the summary of strata and structure distribution of Yili basin, the relation of structure and fluid evolution to sandstone type ur alum mineraliation are analyzed. It is found that uranium mineralization in Yili basin experienced ore hosting space forming, pre-alteration of hosting space, hosting space alteration and uranium formation stages. (authors)

  8. Development of a Water Treatment Plant Operation Manual Using an Algorithmic Approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Counts, Cary A.

    This document describes the steps to be followed in the development of a prescription manual for training of water treatment plant operators. Suggestions on how to prepare both flow and narrative prescriptions are provided for a variety of water treatment systems, including: raw water, flocculation, rapid sand filter, caustic soda feed, alum feed,…

  9. Rehabilitation work after chemical extraction of uranium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rychtarik, T.

    2003-01-01

    In the past, uranium was mined from the Straz pod Ralskem deposit by leaching with sulfuric acid in a very environmentally unfriendly manner. Rehabilitation work, which is in progress, aims to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the Cenomanian and Turonian groundwater bodies to an acceptable level. The rehabilitation project was divided into 2 stages: (1) prevention of vertical diffusion of contamination into unaffected areas by creating a sub-balance of solutions, and (2) sub-balance of solutions in combination with a processing of the contaminants and reduction of the contamination level to a preset value. Among the crucial provisions is the operation of the SLKR I evaporator where the solution, previously freed from uranium, is processed into condensate which is drained into the Ploucnice river, concentrated solution which, after dilution, is returned to the leaching fields, crystalline alum, and mother liquors. The production of alum has been increasing since 2002 and its reprocessing to aluminium sulfate is in the trial stage. Rehabilitation of the Turonian groundwater body is a challenge. Sanitation targets have been set till 2010. (P.A.)

  10. Enhanced coagulation for turbidity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal from river Kansawati water.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Narayan, Sumit; Goel, Sudha

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this study was to determine optimum coagulant doses for turbidity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal and evaluate the extent to which TOC can be removed by enhanced coagulation. Jar tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine optimum doses of alum for the removal of turbidity and Natural Organic Matter (NOM) from river water. Various other water quality parameters were measured before and after thejar tests and included: UV Absorbance (UVA) at 254 nm, microbial concentrations, TDS, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, and pH. The optimum alum dose for removal of turbidity and TOC was 20 mg/L for the sample collected in November 2009 and 100 mg/L for the sample collected in March 2010. In both cases, the dose for enhanced coagulation was significantly higher than that for conventional coagulation. The gain in TOC removal was insignificant compared to the increase in coagulant dose required. This is usual for low TOC (TOC need to be tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of enhanced coagulation.

  11. Comparison of Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation Processes in Removing Reactive red 196 from Aqueous Solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Assadi

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Background: Conventional chemical coagulation is considered as an old method to dye and COD removal in textile effluent. Electrocoagulation (EC process is a robust method to achieve maximum removal. Methods: This study was designed to compare the result of operational parameters including optimum pH and coagulant concentration for chemical coagulation with ferric chloride and alum also, voltage, electrolysis time, initial pH, and conductivity for EC with iron electrodes to remove reactive red 196 (RR 196. Results: The outcomes show that ferric chloride and alum at optimum concentration were capable of removing dye and COD by 79.63 % and 84.83% and 53% and 55%, respectively. In contrast, EC process removed the dye and COD by 99.98% and 90.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The highest treatment efficiency was obtained by increasing the voltage, electrolysis time, pH and conductivity. Increase initial dye concentration reduces removal efficiency. Ultimately, it could be concluded that EC technology is an efficient procedure for handling of colored industrial wastewaters.

  12. FT-IR reflection spectra of single crystals: resolving phonons of different symmetry without using polarised radiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    METODIJA NAJDOSKI

    2000-07-01

    Full Text Available Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR reflection spectra, asquired at nearnormal incidence, were recorded from single crystals belonging to six crystal systems: CsCr(SO42.12H2O (alum, cubic, K2CuCl2·2H2O (Mitscherlichite, tetragonal, CaCO3 (calcite, hexagonal, KHSO4 (mercallite, orthorhombic, CaSO4·2H2O (gypsum, monoclinic and CuSO4·5H2O (chalcantite, triclinic. The acquired IR reflection spectra were further transformed into absorption spectra, employing the Kramers-Kronig transformation. Except for the cubic alums, the spectra strongly depend on the crystal face from which they were recorded; this is a consequence of anisotropy. Phonons of a given symmetry (E-species, in tetragonal/hexagonal and B-species, in monoclinic crystals may be resolved without using a polariser. The spectrum may be simplified in the case of an orthorhombic crystal, as well. The longitudinal-optical (LO and transversal-optical (TO mode frequencies were calculated in the case of optically isotropic and the simplified spectra of optically uniaxial crystals.

  13. Investigation Of The Color Changing Properties Of Wood Stain Derived From Pinar Leaves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdi Atılgan

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available This study was designed to develop an environmentally friendly wood stain derived pinar (Quercus aucheri leaves and determine the color stability of this stain when exposed to UV light irradiation. Wood stains derived from pinar leaves were prepared from aqueous solution with %3 iron (FeSO4.7H2O , % 5 alum ((KAl(SO42.12H2O, and % 10 vinegar mordant mixtures. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Turkish oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky and oak (Quercus petraea L. wood specimens were used as staining substrates. After treatment with the stain, the wood panels were exposed to UV light irradiation for periods of 100, 200, and 300 hours and determinated the total color changes was according to ISO 2470 standards. Results showed that wood stain derived from pinar extract provided some color stability after UV irradiation. According to results, Scots pine specimens treated with the pinar extract + iron mixture provided the smallest total color changes. Meanwhile the highest total color change provided on the Scots pine treated with pinar extract+alum mixture.

  14. Evaluation of Chitin as Natural Coagulant in Water Treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. Saritha

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available The use of synthetic coagulants is not regarded as suitable due to health and economic considerations. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of alum as coagulant in conjunction with chitin as coagulant aid on the removal of turbidity, hardness and Escherichia coli from water. A conventional jar test apparatus was employed for the tests. The experiment was conducted at three different pH conditions of 6, 7 and 8. The dosages chosen were 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg/l. The results showed that turbidity decrease provided also a primary Escherichia coli reduction. Hardness removal efficiency was observed to be 93% at pH 7 with 1mg/l concentration by alum whereas chitin was stable at all the pH ranges showing highest removal at 1 and 1.5mg/l with pH 7. At low concentration chitin showed marginally better performance on hardness. In conclusion, using natural coagulants results in considerable savings in chemicals and sludge handling cost may be achieved.

  15. Development and Optimum Composition of Locally Developed Potable Water Treatment Tablets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josiah Oladele BABATOLA

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Current high level of energy cost and operational cost of membrane technologies and couple with difficulties in obtaining chemicals for potable water treatment give rooms for development of local substance and low cost adsorbents for water treatment. This paper presents a follow-up study on an earlier work in which some water treatment Tablets were produced and tested. The current work was directed at establishing the optimum composition of the tablets. Alum, calcium hypochlorite and lime were combined in proportion and made into pastes and tablets. Residual chlorine contents of the tablets were determined. The quality of stream water samples treated with the tablets was measured by chlorine content, pH and turbidity removal. It is concluded that the best composition is one part alum, two parts hypochlorite and three parts lime and this produced treated water pH of 7.8, chlorine residual of 5.0 mg/l and settled water turbidity 3.0 NTU. The product is aimed for use in rural communities to reduce rampaging death from water borne diseases.

  16. Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste de aluminas nanométricas produzidas a partir da decomposição térmica de acetato de alumínio liofilizado Evaluation of wear resistance of nanometric aluminas produced by thermal decomposition of lyophilized aluminum acetate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Fagury Neto

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Ensaios de resistência ao desgaste, na modalidade pino-contra-disco com pares deslizantes, foram realizados em pinos confeccionados a partir de pós de alumina proveniente do processo de decomposição térmica de acetato de alumínio liofilizado. Pós de alumina referentes às fases alfa-Al2O3 e gama-Al2O3, com e sem aditivos de sinterização (MgO e La2O3, foram usados para confeccionar pinos de desgaste. Pinos feitos também a partir de alumina comercial (A1000 SG foram analisados e os resultados foram comparados. Os ensaios foram feitos de acordo com norma ASTM e mostraram que os pinos confeccionados a partir de alfa-Al2O3 têm elevada resistência ao desgaste, comprovada pelos ensaios de perda de massa e microscopia eletrônica. Os pinos de gama-Al2O3 tiveram desempenho intermediário e os pinos de A1000 SG mostraram resultados menos expressivos.Wear resistance tests, using the pin-on-disk test method with sliding pairs, were carried out on pins produced from alumina powders prepared by thermal decomposition of lyophilized aluminum acetate. Alumina powders of alpha-Al2O3 and gamma-Al2O3 phases, with and without sintering additives (MgO and La2O3, were used to produce wear pins. In addition, pins made of commercial alumina (A1000 SG were tested and the results compared. The tests, carried out according to the ASTM standard, indicated that the pins made with alpha-Al2O3 powder showed high wear resistance, a finding corroborated by mass loss tests and scanning electron microscopy. The gamma-Al2O3 pins showed an intermediary performance while the A1000 SG pins showed less interesting results.

  17. Influência das características das substâncias húmicas na eficiência da coagulação com sulfato de alumínio The influence of humic substances characteristics on the coagulation efficiency using aluminum sulfate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandro Xavier Campos

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi estudada a influência das características das substâncias húmicas (SH, em especial a massa molar das moléculas, na eficiência da coagulação com o uso do sulfato de alumínio. Utilizando-se de água proveniente de poço profundo, foram preparadas quatro águas de estudo, todas com cor verdadeira de aproximadamente 100 uH. As SH foram extraídas de turfa e fracionadas em massas molares: i SH filtradas em membranas de 0,45 µm; ii SH filtradas em membranas de 0,45 µm e maiores que 100 kDa, iii SH com moléculas entre 30 e 100 kDa; iv SH com moléculas menores do que 30 kDa. Verificou-se que quanto maior a massa molar das SH maior foi a eficiência de remoção da cor aparente, com as menores dosagens de coagulante.O pH de coagulação ótimo, esteve entre 6,0 e 7,0, para todas as águas de estudo. Os estudos da porcentagem de ácido húmico (AH e ácido fúlvico (AF presentes em cada fração de diferente massa molar mostraram que quanto maior foi à porcentagem de AF presente, maior foi à dosagem de coagulante exigida para se obter os melhores resultados de remoção da cor aparente.The influence of the molecular weight of soil humic substances on the coagulation efficiency with aluminum sulfate was studied in this work. Four types of water were studied, with the same true color of approximately 100 HU, but prepared with different fractions of molecular weights: Water Type 1 (humic substances filtered in membrane of 0,45 µm; Water Type 2 (humic substances filtered in membrane of 0,45 µm and with molecular weight > 100 KDa; Water Type 3 (humic substances with molecular weight between 100 and 30 KDa; Water Type 4 (humic substances with molecular weight < 30 KDa. It was conclude that the higher the molecular weight of the molecules, the lower the coagulant dosages required for efficient coagulation, at the coagulation pH range 6 - 7. The types of water prepared with the fractions of humic substances containing higher

  18. Job Sharing in the Schools: A Study of Nine Bay Area Districts. A Preliminary Report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    New Ways to Work, Palo Alto, CA.

    Under job sharing, two people share responsibility for one full-time position. Each person has a permanent, part-time job with salary and fringe benefits prorated according to hours worked. Job sharing has been available in some Bay Area school districts for the last four years. For this preliminary report, nine districts--Alum rock, Fremont,…

  19. Bridging the gap with flipped classroom

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Selberg, Hanne; Topperzer, Martha

    the theoretical knowledge acquired during the course to their participation in the simulations. It is of pivotal importance that all students obtain hands-on experience during the sessions to reduce the theory-practice gap. The ongoing study has been pilot tested during three courses with participation of 90......Bridging the gap with flipped classroom Hanne Selberg, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Martha Topperzer, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Background and aims Consistent with the strategy of increasing digitization and learner-centred teaching models....... The debriefing allows for students to reflect on how they applied their knowledge in the concrete patient situation which in turn promotes a positive learning experience. The learning objectives encompass both hands-on technical skills and non-technical communication skills enabling students to apply...

  20. Knowledge, Self Confidence and Courage

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Selberg, Hanne; Steenberg Holtzmann, Jette; Hovedskov, Jette

    . Results The students identified their major learning outcomes as transfer of operational skills, experiencing self-efficacy and enhanced understanding of the patients' perspective.Involving simulated patients in the training of technical skills contributed to the development of the students' communication......Knowledge, self confidence and courage – long lasting learning outcomes through simulation in a clinical context. Hanne Selberg1, Jette Hovedskov2, Jette Steenberg Holtzmann2 The significance and methodology of the researchThe study focuses on simulation alongside the clinical practice and linked...... Development, Clinical Lecturer, Metropolitan University College, Faculty of Nursing, Email: hase@phoe.dk, phone: +45-72282830. 2. Jette Hovedskov, RN, Development Consultant, Glostrup University Hospital, Department of Development Email : jeho@glo.regionh.dk ,phone: +45- 43232090 3. Jette Holtzmann Steenberg...