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Sample records for alloy-50kh4n6g12f2v

  1. Alloy spreading and filling of gaps in brazing of VDU-2 and KhN50VMTYuB heat resistant nickel alloys with VPr3K and VPr10 alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shapiro, A.E.; Podol'skij, B.A.; Lepisko, M.R.; Borzyak, A.G.; Moryakov, V.F.; Rostislavskaya, T.T.

    1984-01-01

    A study was made on contact interaction of VDU-2 and KhN50VMTYuB alloys with VPr3K and VPr10 alloys at 1325 and 1220 deg C in argon and industrial vacuum. The contact angles and wettability indexes were determined. The solders fill the vertical gaps of up to 0.25 mm width through 80 mm height. Spreading and filling of gaps proceeds better during soldering in argon with boron trifluoride addition as compared to soldering in industrial vacuum. VPr10 alloy is divided into two phases when wetting KhN50VMTYuB alloy: fusible one on the base of nickel-chromium-manganese solution and infusible one on the base of nickel-niobium eutectics. The square of fusible phase spreading is 2.5...3 times larger as compared to infusible one

  2. Additional materials for welding of the EP99 heat resisting alloy with the EI868 alloy and 12Kh18N9T steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sorokin, L.I.; Filippova, S.P.; Petrova, L.A.

    1978-01-01

    Presented are the results of the studies aimed at selecting an additive material for argon-arc welding process involving heat-resistant nickel EP99 alloy to be welded to the EI868 alloy and 12Kh18N9T steel. As the additive material use was made of wire made of nickel-chromium alloys and covered electrodes made of the EP367 alloy with additions of tungsten. It has been established that in order to improve the resistance of metal to hot-crack formation during argon arc welding of the EP99 alloy with the EI868 alloy, it is advisable to use an additive material of the EP533 alloy, and while welding the same alloy with the 12Kh18N9T steel, filler wire of the EP367 alloy is recommended

  3. Theoretical study of [Li(H2O)n]+ and [K(H2O)n]+ (n = 1-4) complexes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wojcik, M.J.; Mains, G.J.; Devlin, J.P.

    1995-01-01

    The geometries, successive binding energies, vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities are calculated for the [Li(H 2 O) n ] + and [K(H 2 O) n ] + (n = 1-4) complexes. The basis sets used are 6-31G * and LANL1DZ (Los Alamos ECP+DZ) at the SCF and MP2 levels. There is an agreement for calculated structures and frequencies between the MP2/6-31G * and MP2/LANL1DZ basis sets, which indicates that the latter can be used for calculations of water complexes with heavier ions. Our results are in a reasonable agreement with available experimental data and facilitate experimental study of these complexes. 19 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs

  4. Grindability of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloyed with copper.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watanabe, Ikuya; Aoki, Takayuki; Okabe, Toru

    2009-02-01

    This study investigated the grindability of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloyed with copper. The metals tested were commercially pure titanium (CP Ti), Ti-6Al-4V, experimental Ti-6Al-4V-Cu (1, 4, and 10 wt% Cu), and Co-Cr alloy. Each metal was cast into five blocks (3.0 x 8.0 x 30.0 mm(3)). The 3.0-mm wide surface of each block was ground using a hand-piece engine with an SiC wheel at four circumferential speeds (500, 750, 1000, and 1250 m/min) at a grinding force of 100 g. The grindability index (G-index) was determined as volume loss (mm(3)) calculated from the weight loss after 1 minute of grinding and the density of each metal. The ratio of the metal volume loss and the wheel volume loss was also calculated (G-ratio, %). Data (n = 5) were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (alpha= 0.05). Ti-6Al-4V and the experimental Ti-6Al-4V-Cu alloys exhibited significantly (p grindability of some of the resultant Ti-6Al-4V-Cu alloys.

  5. Material characteristic of Ti alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Toyoshima, Noboru

    1997-03-01

    In regard to material characteristic of Ti alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), the following matters are provided by experiments. 1) In high temperature permeation behavior of implanted deuterium ion (0.5keV, 6.4 x 10 18 D + ions/m 2 s, ∼760deg K), the ratio of permeation flux to incident flux ranges from 3.3 x 10 -3 at 633deg K to 4.8 x 10 -3 at 753deg K. The activation energy of permeation is 0.12eV in this temperature region above 600deg K. At temperatures below 600deg K, the permeation flux of deuterium decreases drastically and the implanted ions remain in the alloy. 2) Radioactivation analysis using 14MeV fast neutron shows that Ti-6Al-4V alloy contains higher values of principal ingredients, Al, V, Fe, than that recorded at the chemical composition of Ti alloy, and also, contains impurities with Ni, Co and Mn. 3) Fraction of about 0.095wt% H 2 were absorbed in the test specimens, and tensile strength test was carried out. Under the condition of the hydrogen pressure 50 torr and temperature ∼500degC. The results show that there is no degradation in mechanical properties for absorption of with less than 0.04wt% H 2 . The tensile strength of wilding specimens have almost the same as that without wilding. Ti alloy, as a material of vacuum vessel of nuclear fusion device, must be selected to that with less impurities, particularly Co, by radioactivation analysis, and must be used under the temperature of 200-300degC, where hydrogen absorption does not make too progress. It is considered that Ti alloy can be used with less than 0.04wt% H 2 absorption in viewpoint of material mechanical strength. (author)

  6. Structural features and properties of the laser-deposited nickel alloy layer on a KhV4F tool steel after heat treatment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shcherbakov, V. S.; Dikova, Ts. D.; Stavrev, D. S.

    2017-07-01

    The study and application of the materials that are stable in the temperature range up to 1000°C are necessary to repair forming dies operating in this range. Nickel-based alloys can be used for this purpose. The structural state of a nickel alloy layer deposited onto a KhV4F tool steel and then heat treated is investigated. KhV4F tool steel (RF GOST) samples are subjected to laser deposition using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. A nickel-based material (0.02C-73.8Ni-2.5Nb-19.5Cr-1.9Fe-2.8Mn) is employed for laser deposition. After laser deposition, the samples are subjected to heat treatment at 400°C for 5 h, 600°C for 1 h, 800°C for 1 h, and 1000°C for 1 h. The microstructure, the phase composition, and the microhardness of the deposited layer are studied. The structure of the initial deposited layer has relatively large grains (20-40 μm in size). The morphology is characterized by a cellular-dendritic structure in the transition zone. The following two structural constituents with a characteristic dendritic structure are revealed: a supersaturated nickel-based γ solid solution and a chromium-based bcc α solid solution. In the initial state and after heat treatment, the hardness of the deposited material (210-240 HV 0.1) is lower than the hardness of the base material (400-440 HV 0.1). Only after heat treatment at 600°C for 1 h, the hardness increases to 240-250 HV0.1. Structure heredity in the form of a dendritic morphology is observed at temperatures of 400, 600, and 800°C. The following sharp change in the structural state is detected upon heat treatment at 1000°C for 1 h: the dendritic morphology changes into a typical α + γ crystalline structure. The hardness of the base material decreases significantly to 160-180 HV 0.1. The low hardness of the deposited layer implies the use of the layer material in limited volume to repair the forming surfaces of dies and molds for die casting. However, the high ductility of the deposited layer of the nickel

  7. Fabrication of welded pipes of the KhN45Yu alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lyapunov, A.I.; Krichevskij, E.M.; L'vov, V.N.; Kozlov, N.N.; Kireeva, T.S.

    1977-01-01

    A highly heat-resistant KhN45Yu (EP 747) alloy has been developed; the alloy is designed to withstand prolonged service in the temperature range of 1000-1300 deg C, or short-term service at 1300-1400 deg C. The satisfactory ductility and good weldability of the alloy have made it possible to obtain sheets and pipes (32 x 2.0 mm) by argon arc welding. The ductility of pipes from EP 747 alloy exceeds that of pipes from KhN78T (EI 435) alloy by 5.10%, the strength being approximately equal. In regard to strength the welded joint differs little from the base metal. The ductility characteristics up to 900 deg C are also equal, since failure occurs in the base metal. At higher temperatures the welded joint fails in the metal of the weld, and its ductility drops sharply. The grain size of the base metal corresponds to No. 3-4. The welded joint has a cast structure with a grain size larger than No. 1, but its ductility characteristics are satisfactory. This structure ensures an increased long-term strength of the material at 1000-1200 deg C

  8. Insulation Strength and Decomposition Characteristics of a C6F12O and N2 Gas Mixture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaoxing Zhang

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available This paper explores the decomposition characteristics of a new type of environmentally friendly insulating gas C6F12O and N2 mixed gas under AC voltage. The breakdown behavior of 3% C6F12O and N2 mixed gas in quasi-uniform field was investigated through a breakdown experiment. The self-recovery of the mixed gas was analyzed by 100 breakdown experiments. The decomposition products of C6F12O and N2 under breakdown voltage were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC-MS. Finally, the decomposition process of the products was calculated by density functional theory, and the ionization energy, affinity, and molecular orbital gap of the decomposition products were also calculated. The properties of the decomposition products were analyzed from the aspects of insulation and environmental protection. The experimental results show that the 3% C6F12O and N2 mixed gas did not show a downward trend over 100 breakdown tests under a 0.10 MPa breakdown voltage. The decomposition products after breakdown were CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, C4F10, and C5F12. The ionization energies of several decomposition products are more than 10 eV. The Global Warming Potential (GWP values of the main products are lower than SF6. C2F6, C3F8, and C4F10 have better insulation properties.

  9. Synthesis and characterization of Ag-doped TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ulfah, Ika Maria; Bachtiar, Boy M.; Murnandityas, Arnita Rut; Slamet

    2018-05-01

    The present paper is focused on comparative behavior of nanotubes growth on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy using electrochemical anodization method. These alloys were anodized in electrolytes solution containing glycerol, water and 0.5wt.% of NH4F. Silver-doped TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using photo-assisted deposition (PAD) at various Ag loading concentration in 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.15 M. The phase composition and morphological characteristics were investigated by XRD and FESEM/EDX, respectively. The surface wettability was measured by contact angle meter. The results showed that TiO2 nanotubes can be grown on these surface alloys. XRD profiles revealed crystal formation of anatase, rutile and Ag on these surface alloys. According to FESEM images, the average nanotube diameter of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are 134 nm and 120 nm, respectively. EDX-Mapping analysis showed that Ag desposited over surface of TiO2 nanotubes. The surface wettability indicated hydrophilicity properties on Ti-4Al-4V alloy and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy surface. This study may contribute to the development of silver-doped TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy can be considered in various photocatalytic applications such as biomedical devicesdue to photocatalytic mechanism and antibacterial ability.

  10. Osteoblast Cell Response on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Heat-Treated

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mercedes Paulina Chávez-Díaz

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available In an effort to examine the effect of the microstructural changes of the Ti6Al4V alloy, two heat treatments were carried out below (Ti6Al4V800 and above (Ti6Al4V1050 its β-phase transformation temperature. After each treatment, globular and lamellar microstructures were obtained. Saos-2 pre-osteoblast human osteosarcoma cells were seeded onto Ti6Al4V alloy disks and immersed in cell culture for 7 days. Electrochemical assays in situ were performed using OCP and EIS measurements. Impedance data show a passive behavior for the three Ti6Al4V alloys; additionally, enhanced impedance values were recorded for Ti6Al4V800 and Ti6Al4V1050 alloys. This passive behavior in culture medium is mostly due to the formation of TiO2 during their sterilization. Biocompatibility and cell adhesion were characterized using the SEM technique; Ti6Al4V as received and Ti6Al4V800 alloys exhibited polygonal and elongated morphology, whereas Ti6Al4V1050 alloy displayed a spherical morphology. Ti and O elements were identified by EDX analysis due to the TiO2 and signals of C, N and O, related to the formation of organic compounds from extracellular matrix. These results suggest that cell adhesion is more likely to occur on TiO2 formed in discrete α-phase regions (hcp depending on its microstructure (grains.

  11. Features of argon-arc welding of aluminium alloy AD1 to stainless steel 12Kh18N10T

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sadov, I.I.

    1982-01-01

    Welding of pipes made of the 12Kh18N10T stainless steel and the AD1 aluminium alloy is proposed to perform using one-sided aluminizing. It is recommended to use shields in order to protect internal and external surfaces of pipes, aluminizing of which is impossible. It is shown that developed technological process for welded joints made of aluminium and stainless steel for cryogenic apparatus permits to create light-duty cryostat assembly using aluminium alloys instead of copper alloys, to increase reliability of apparatus (usage of welded joints instead of soldered ones), and to improve labour conditions

  12. Investigation of laser cladding high temperature anti-wear composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy with the addition of self-lubricant CaF2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiang, Zhan-Feng; Liu, Xiu-Bo; Ren, Jia; Luo, Jian; Shi, Shi-Hong; Chen, Yao; Shi, Gao-Lian; Wu, Shao-Hua

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel high temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating was fabricated. • TiC carbides and self-lubricant CaF 2 were “in situ” synthesized in the coating. • The coating with the addition of CaF 2 possessed superior properties than without. - Abstract: To improve the high-temperature tribological properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coatings were fabricated on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by laser cladding. The phase compositions and microstructure of the coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The tribological behaviors were evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer from ambient temperature to 600 °C under dry sliding wear conditions and the corresponding wear mechanisms were discussed. The results indicated that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating consisted of α-Ti, the “in situ” synthesized TiC block particles and dendrite, γ-NiCrAlTi solid solution and spherical CaF 2 particles. The wear rates of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating were decreased greatly owing to the combined effects of the reinforced carbides and continuous lubricating films. Furthermore, the friction coefficients of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating presented minimum value of 0.21 at 600 °C, which was reduced by 43% and 50% compared to the substrate and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC coating respectively. It was considered that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF 2 coating exhibited excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties at high temperature

  13. Infrared laser spectroscopy of H2 and D2 Rydberg states. II. Diode laser spectra and assignment of 5g--4f, 6h--5g, and 8i--6h systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Davies, P.B.; Guest, M.A.; Stickland, R.J.

    1990-01-01

    Infrared diode laser absorption spectra of portions of the 5g--4f, 6h--5g, and 8i--6h Rydberg bands of H 2 and D 2 have been measured at Doppler limited resolution in low pressure A. C. discharges. The spectra, arising from L uncoupled states of H 2 and D 2 , are assigned using an ab initio polarization model supported by intensity calculations. Details of the different implementations of this polarization model are given in the preceding paper. The most useful was the single channel vibrationally extended (1)/(2) V 6 model which became progressively better at higher n (and L). Results of multichannel calculations for a selected set of transitions are also reported

  14. Investigation of laser cladding high temperature anti-wear composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy with the addition of self-lubricant CaF{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xiang, Zhan-Feng [School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006 (China); Liu, Xiu-Bo, E-mail: liuxiubo@suda.edu.cn [School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006 (China); Ren, Jia; Luo, Jian; Shi, Shi-Hong; Chen, Yao [School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou 215006 (China); Shi, Gao-Lian; Wu, Shao-Hua [Suzhou Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou 215104 (China)

    2014-09-15

    Highlights: • A novel high temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant coating was fabricated. • TiC carbides and self-lubricant CaF{sub 2} were “in situ” synthesized in the coating. • The coating with the addition of CaF{sub 2} possessed superior properties than without. - Abstract: To improve the high-temperature tribological properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coatings were fabricated on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by laser cladding. The phase compositions and microstructure of the coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The tribological behaviors were evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer from ambient temperature to 600 °C under dry sliding wear conditions and the corresponding wear mechanisms were discussed. The results indicated that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating consisted of α-Ti, the “in situ” synthesized TiC block particles and dendrite, γ-NiCrAlTi solid solution and spherical CaF{sub 2} particles. The wear rates of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating were decreased greatly owing to the combined effects of the reinforced carbides and continuous lubricating films. Furthermore, the friction coefficients of γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating presented minimum value of 0.21 at 600 °C, which was reduced by 43% and 50% compared to the substrate and γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC coating respectively. It was considered that the γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF{sub 2} coating exhibited excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties at high temperature.

  15. Neutron irradiation effect on the strength of jointed Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishiyama, Shintaro; Miya, Naoyuki

    2002-01-01

    In order to investigate applicability of Ti alloy to large scaled structural material for fusion reactors, irradiation effect on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and its TIG welded material was investigated after neutron irradiation (temperature: 746-788K, fluence: 2.8 x 10 23 n/m 2 (>0.18 MeV). The following results were obtained. (1) Irradiated Ti alloy shows about 20-30% increase of its tensile strength and large degradation of fracture elongation, comparing with those of unirradiated Ti alloy. (2) TIG welded material behaves as Ti alloy in its tensile test, however, shows 30% increase of area reduction in 373-473K, whereas 1/2 degradation of area reduction over 600K. (3) Irradiated TIG welded material behaves heavier embrittlement than that of irradiated Ti alloy. (4) Charpy impact properties of un- and irradiated Ti alloys shift to ductile from brittle fracture and transition temperature shift, ΔT was estimated as about 100K. (5) Remarkable increase of hardness was found, especially in HAZ of TIG welded material after irradiation. (author)

  16. Corrosion behavior of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloyed with Cu.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koike, Marie; Cai, Zhuo; Oda, Yutaka; Hattori, Masayuki; Fujii, Hiroyuki; Okabe, Toru

    2005-05-01

    It has recently been found that alloying with copper improved the inherently poor grindability and wear resistance of titanium. This study characterized the corrosion behavior of cast Ti-6Al-4V alloyed with copper. Alloys (0.9 or 3.5 mass % Cu) were cast with the use of a magnesia-based investment in a centrifugal casting machine. Three specimen surfaces were tested: ground, sandblasted, and as cast. Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V served as controls. Open-circuit potential measurement, linear polarization, and potentiodynamic cathodic polarization were performed in aerated (air + 10% CO(2)) modified Tani-Zucchi synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization was conducted in the same medium deaerated by N(2) + 10% CO(2). Polarization resistance (R(p)), Tafel slopes, and corrosion current density (I(corr)) were determined. A passive region occurred for the alloy specimens with ground and sandblasted surfaces, as for CP Ti. However, no passivation was observed on the as-cast alloys or on CP Ti. There were significant differences among all metals tested for R(p) and I(corr) and significantly higher R(p) and lower I(corr) values for CP Ti compared to Ti-6Al-4V or the alloys with Cu. Alloying up to 3.5 mass % Cu to Ti-6Al-4V did not change the corrosion behavior. Specimens with ground or sandblasted surfaces were superior to specimens with as-cast surfaces. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  17. On the Young's moduli of Ti-6Al-4V alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fan, Zhongyun

    1993-01-01

    In this paper, the authors will present an iterative approach to Young's modulus of multi-phase composites developed by Fan et al. The iterative approach will then be applied to Ti-6Al-4V alloys to predict their effective Young's moduli. It is hoped that the theoretical predictions will offer a quantitative explanation to the peculiar shape of the E c -f β curve and will shed some light on controlling the Young's moduli of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by choosing the proper heat treatment procedure

  18. Effects of Plasma ZrN Metallurgy and Shot Peening Duplex Treatment on Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Jingang; Liu, Daoxin; Zhang, Xiaohua; Du, Dongxing; Yu, Shouming

    2016-03-23

    A metallurgical zirconium nitride (ZrN) layer was fabricated using glow metallurgy using nitriding with zirconiuming prior treatment of the Ti6Al4V alloy. The microstructure, composition and microhardness of the corresponding layer were studied. The influence of this treatment on fretting wear (FW) and fretting fatigue (FF) behavior of the Ti6Al4V alloy was studied. The composite layer consisted of an 8-μm-thick ZrN compound layer and a 50-μm-thick nitrogen-rich Zr-Ti solid solution layer. The surface microhardness of the composite layer is 1775 HK 0.1 . A gradient in cross-sectional microhardness distribution exists in the layer. The plasma ZrN metallurgical layer improves the FW resistance of the Ti6Al4V alloy, but reduces the base FF resistance. This occurs because the improvement in surface hardness results in lowering of the toughness and increasing in the notch sensitivity. Compared with shot peening treatment, plasma ZrN metallurgy and shot peening composite treatment improves the FW resistance and enhances the FF resistance of the Ti6Al4V alloy. This is attributed to the introduction of a compressive stress field. The combination of toughness, strength, FW resistance and fatigue resistance enhance the FF resistance for titanium alloy.

  19. Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of remelted TiG2 and Ti6Al4V by a high power diode laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Amaya-Vazquez, M.R.; Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Boukha, Z.; Botana, F.J.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Laser remelting of TiG2 and Ti6Al4V is performed with argon shielded diode laser. ► Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion of remelted samples are deeply analysed. ► Microstructural changes of laser remelted TiG2 lead to microhardness increase. ► Remelted Ti6Al4V presents microhardness increase and corrosion improvement. ► Martensite depth in remelted Ti6Al4V is linearly proportional to laser fluence. - Abstract: The high strength, low density and superior corrosion resistance allow titanium alloys to be widely employed in different industrial applications. The properties of these alloys can be modulated by different heat treatments, including laser processing. In the present paper, laser remelting treatments, performed with a high power diode laser, were applied to samples of two titanium alloys (TiG2 and Ti6Al4V). The influence of the applied laser fluence on microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance is investigated. Results show that laser remelting treatments with appropriate fluences provoke microstructural changes leading to microhardness increase and corrosion resistance improvement.

  20. Substitution and Redox Chemistry of [Bu(4)N](2)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prokopuk, Nicholas; Kennedy, Vance O.; Stern, Charlotte L.; Shriver, Duward F.

    1998-09-21

    Two sequential electrochemical reductions occur for the cluster anion [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](2)(-) at 0.89 and 0.29 V vs Ag/AgCl, with the generation [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](3)(-) and [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](4)(-). Chemical reduction of [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](2)(-) by ferrocene produces [Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)](3)(-) with the concomitant shift of the nu(SO(2)) stretch from 1002 to 1018 cm(-)(1). Reaction of [Bu(4)N](2)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(OSO(2)CF(3))(6)] (1) with [Bu(4)N]X (X = Cl, Br, I, NCS) occurs by reduction and substitution, yielding [Bu(4)N](3)[Ta(6)Cl(12)X(6)], where the clusters with X = Br, I, and NCS are new. Spectroscopic (IR and UV-vis) evidence indicates that the reduced cluster core {Ta(6)Cl(12)}(2+) is produced in reaction mixtures of 1 with the halide and pseudohalide ions. Concomitant substitution of the triflate ligands of 1 by X(-) occurs and the rates for the overall reduction and substitution increase in the order X(-) = Cl(-) < Br(-) < NCS(-) < I(-) < CN(-). Reduction of 1 with ferrocene followed by addition of [Bu(4)N]O(2)CCH(3) produces the new cluster [Ta(6)Cl(12)(O(2)CCH(3))(6)](3)(-) isolated as the tetrabutylammonium salt. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroscopy on the new clusters [Bu(4)N](3)[Ta(6)Cl(12)X(6)] (X = Br, I, NCS, and O(2)CCH(3)) are reported. Crystal data for [Bu(4)N](3)[Ta(6)Cl(12)(NCS)(6)].CH(2)Cl(2): monoclinic, space group, P2(1)/c (No. 14); a = 25.855(6) Å, b = 21.843(6) Å, c = 16.423(3) Å; beta = 100.03(2) degrees; V = 9133(3) Å(3); Z = 4.

  1. Joining of Si3N4 ceramic using PdCo(NiSiB–V system brazing filler alloy and interfacial reactions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Huaping Xiong

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available The wettability of V-active PdCo-based alloys on Si3N4 ceramic was studied with the sessile drop method. And the alloy of Pd50.0–Co33.7–Ni4.0–Si2.0–B0.7–V9.6 (wt%, was developed for Si3N4 ceramic joining in the present investigation. The rapidly-solidified brazing foils were fabricated by the alloy Pd50.0–Co33.7–Ni4.0–Si2.0–B0.7–V9.6. The average room-temperature three-point bend strength of the Si3N4/Si3N4 joints brazed at 1453 K for 10 min was 205.6 MPa, and the newly developed braze gives joint strengths of 210.9 MPa, 206.6 MPa and 80.2 MPa at high temperatures of 973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K respectively. The interfacial reaction products in the Si3N4/Si3N4 joint brazed at 1453 K for 10 min were identified to be VN and Pd2Si by XRD analysis. Based on the XEDS analysis result, the residual brazing alloy existing at the central part of the joint was verified as Co-rich phases, in which the concentration of element Pd was high up to 18.0–19.1 at%. The mechanism of the interfacial reactions was discussed. Pd should be a good choice as useful alloying element in newer high-temperature braze candidates for the joining of Si-based ceramics.

  2. Measurement of {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198g}Au reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vansola, Vibha [M.S. Univ., Baroda (India). Dept. of Physics; Ghosh, Reetuparna; Badwar, Sylvia [North Eastern Hill Univ., Meghalaya (India). Dept. of Physics; and others

    2015-07-01

    The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au reaction cross-sections at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV were determined by using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The mono-energetic neutron energies of 1.12-4.12 MeV were generated from the {sup 7}Li(p,n) reaction by using the proton energies of 3 and 4 MeV from the folded tandem ion beam accelerator (FOTIA) at BARC as well as 5 and 6 MeV from the Pelletron facility at TIFR, Mumbai. The {sup 115}In(n,γ){sup 116m}In reaction cross-section was used as the neutron flux monitor. The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 3.12 and 4.12 MeV are reported for the first time. The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au reaction cross-sections at 1.12 and 2.12 MeV are close to the literature data of in between neutron energies. The {sup 197}Au(n,γ){sup 198}Au cross-section was also calculated theoretically by using the computer code TALYS 1.6 and found to be higher than the experimental data of present work and literature data within the neutron energies of 0.8 to 4 MeV.

  3. Choice of corrosion-resistant metal for fluotitanic acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reingeverts, M.D.; Lapchenko, E.P.; Semenyuk, E.Y.

    1986-01-01

    The authors investigate the corrosion and anodic behavior of steels 12Kh18N10T, 08Kh21N6M2T, and 06KhN28MDT, nickel, and molybdenum in 10-40% naturally aerated solutions of H 2 TiF 6 at 20 and 50 degrees C. The authors found that in solutions of fluotitanic acid, as also in tetrafluoroboric and hydrofluoric acids, the most stable alloys are chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloy of type 06KhN28MDT and (for acid concentrations above 20%) copper-nickel-alloys of the monel metal type. Steels 12Kh18N10T and 08Kh21N6M2T can be used in acid concentrations of less than 10% and temperatures up to 20 degrees C with anodic protection

  4. Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of remelted TiG2 and Ti6Al4V by a high power diode laser

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amaya-Vazquez, M.R. [Laboratorio de Corrosion y Proteccion, Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica y Quimica Inorganica, Avda. Republica Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain); Sanchez-Amaya, J.M., E-mail: josemaria.sanchez@uca.es [Titania, Ensayos y Proyectos Industriales S.L., Ctra Sanlucar A-2001 Km 7,5, Parque Tecnologico TecnoBahia-Edif. RETSE Nave 4, 11500 El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz (Spain); Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, CASEM, Avda. Republica Saharaui s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain); Boukha, Z.; Botana, F.J. [Laboratorio de Corrosion y Proteccion, Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica y Quimica Inorganica, Avda. Republica Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain)

    2012-03-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Laser remelting of TiG2 and Ti6Al4V is performed with argon shielded diode laser. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion of remelted samples are deeply analysed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructural changes of laser remelted TiG2 lead to microhardness increase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Remelted Ti6Al4V presents microhardness increase and corrosion improvement. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Martensite depth in remelted Ti6Al4V is linearly proportional to laser fluence. - Abstract: The high strength, low density and superior corrosion resistance allow titanium alloys to be widely employed in different industrial applications. The properties of these alloys can be modulated by different heat treatments, including laser processing. In the present paper, laser remelting treatments, performed with a high power diode laser, were applied to samples of two titanium alloys (TiG2 and Ti6Al4V). The influence of the applied laser fluence on microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance is investigated. Results show that laser remelting treatments with appropriate fluences provoke microstructural changes leading to microhardness increase and corrosion resistance improvement.

  5. BPS states in N = 2 supersymmetric G2 and F4 models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahl Laamara, R.; Mellal, O.; Saidi, E. H.

    2017-07-01

    In BPS quiver theory of N = 2 supersymmetric pure gauge models with gauge invariance G, primitive BPS quivers Q0G are of two types: Q0ADE and Q0BCFG. In this study, we first show that Q0ADE have outer-automorphism symmetries inherited from the outer-automorphisms of the Dynkin diagrams of ADE Lie algebras. Then, we extend the usual folding operation of Dynkin diagrams ADE → BCFG to obtain the two following things: (i) relate Q0BCFG quivers and their mutations to the Q0ADE ones and their mutations; and (ii) link the BPS chambers of the N = 2ADE theories with the corresponding BCFG ones. As an illustration of this construction, we derive the BPS and anti-BPS states of the strong chambers QstgG2 and QstgF4 of the 4d N = 2 pure G2 and F4 gauge models.

  6. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy for dental implants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chandar, Sanchitha; Kotian, Ravindra; Madhyastha, Prashanthi; Kabekkodu, Shama Prasada; Rao, Padmalatha

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity in human gingival fibroblast by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and corrosion behavior by potentiodynamic polarization technique of commercially pure titanium (Ti 12) and its alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Ti 31). In the present in vitro study, cytotoxicity of Ti 12 and Ti 31 in human gingival fibroblast by MTT assay and the corrosion behavior by potentiodynamic polarization technique in aqueous solutions of 0.1 N NaCl, 0.1 N KCl, and artificial saliva with and without NaF were studied. The independent t -test within materials and paired t-test with time interval showed higher cell viability for Ti 12 compared to Ti 31. Over a period, cell viability found to stabilize in both Ti 12 and Ti 31. The effects of ions of Ti and alloying elements aluminum and vanadium on the cell viability were found with incubation period of cells on samples to 72 h. The electrochemical behavior of Ti 12 and Ti 31 in different experimental solutions showed a general tendency for the immersion potential to shift steadily toward nobler values indicated formation of TiO 2 and additional metal oxides. The multiphase alloy Ti-6Al-4V showed more surface pitting. The commercially pure Ti showed better cell viability compared to Ti 31. Less cell viability in Ti 31 is because of the presence of aluminum and vanadium. A significant decrease in cytotoxicity due to the formation of TiO 2 over a period of time was observed both in Ti 12 and Ti 31. The electrochemical behavior of Ti 12 and Ti 31 in different experimental solutions showed a general tendency for the immersion potential to shift steadily toward nobler values indicated formation of TiO2 and additional metal oxides. Ti 31 alloy showed surface pitting because of its multiphase structure.

  7. Creep behavior of plasma carburized Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliveira, Veronica Mara Cortez Alves de; Barboza, Miguel Justino Ribeiro; Silva, Mariane Capellari Leite da; Pinto, Catia Gisele; Suzuki, Paulo Atsushi; Machado, Joao Paulo B.

    2010-01-01

    This paper aims to evaluate the effect of plasma carburizing on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy submitted to creep tests. The results showed that the alloy Ti-6Al-4V had a hardness of 334 ± 18 HV. After treatment thermochemical by plasma, was observed the formation of a layer of average thickness of 1,5 μm and hardness of 809 ± 79 HV due to the presence of TiC phase identified by X-ray diffraction. The treatment increased the values of average roughness of 1,28 to 2,02 μm. The creep properties of carburized specimens were improved in comparison with those of the uncarburized Ti-6Al-4V alloy. (author)

  8. Characterization of electrolytic HA/ZrO{sub 2} double layers coatings on Ti-6Al-4V implant alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yen, S.K. [Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China)]. E-mail: skyen@dragon.nchu.edu.tw; Chiou, S.H. [Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Wu, S.J. [Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Chang, C.C. [Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Lin, S.P. [Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China); Lin, C.M. [Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (China)

    2006-01-15

    Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was proved having bioactive property and hence improving the bonding strength on bone tissue without inducing the growth of fiber tissue. However, the weak adhesion between HA and metal implants is still the major problem. In this study, a novel method of electrolytic HA/ZrO{sub 2} double layers coating was successfully conducted on F-136 Ti-6Al-4V implant alloy in ZrO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} aqueous solution and subsequently in the mixed solution of Ca(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} and NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. After annealing at 400 deg. C, 500 deg. C and 600 deg. C for 4 h in air, the coated specimens were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analyses, surface morphology observations, scratch tests, dynamic polarization tests, immersion tests and cell culture assays. In addition to corrosion resistance, the adhesion strength of electrolytic deposited HA on Ti alloy was dramatically improved from the critical scratch load 2 N to 32 N by adding the intermediate electrolytic deposition of ZrO{sub 2}, which showed the strong bonding effects between Ti alloy substrate and HA coating. Based on the cell morphology and cell proliferation data, HA/ZrO{sub 2} double layers coating revealed the better substrate for the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts than the others. It was also found that the crystallization of HA had positive effect on the proliferation of osteoblasts.

  9. Corrosion resistance of welded joints in 08Kh22N6T and 08Kh21N6M2T steels made with new electrodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sidorkina, Y.S.; Leibzon, V.M.; Mankevich, T.V.; Sidlin, E.A.; Zheltova, G.A.

    1986-01-01

    This paper examines the corrosion resistance of 08Kh22N6T and 08Kh21N6M2T steels which would make it possible to ensure equal properties of all the zones of the welded joints. The investigations were carried out on the welded joints in the steels produced with new OZL-40 and OZL-41 electrodes and with standard TsL-11 and EA-400/10u electrodes. The chemical compositions of the steels and deposited metal are presented. The tests of the intercrystalline corrosion resistances of the welded joints in the steels in the as-welded condition and after heat treatment showed that the weld metal is not attacked by intercrystalline corrosion. The tests also showed that the welded joints in 08Kh22N6T steel made with the OZL-40 and TsL-11 electrodes are resistant to corrosion in 55% phosphoric acid at 90 C in 1% sulfuric acid, and in 25% formic acid at 80 C. The investigated steels made with the OZL-40 and OZL-41 electrode respectively show that the welded joints are resistant to intercrystalline and general corrosion, have high mechanical and processing properties and the electrodes, and can be used for welding equipment designed for service in alkaline, neutral, and slightly acid media

  10. Study on improved tribological properties by alloying copper to CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Song; Ma, Zheng; Liao, Zhenhua; Song, Jian; Yang, Ke; Liu, Weiqiang

    2015-12-01

    Copper alloying to titanium and its alloys is believed to show an antibacterial performance. However, the tribological properties of Cu alloyed titanium alloys were seldom studied. Ti-5Cu and Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu alloys were fabricated in the present study in order to further study the friction and wear properties of titanium alloys with Cu additive. The microstructure, composition and hardness were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and hardness tester. The tribological behaviors were tested with ZrO2 counterface in 25% bovine serum using a ball-on-disc tribo-tester. The results revealed that precipitations of Ti2Cu intermetallic compounds appeared in both Ti-5Cu and Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu alloys. The tribological results showed an improvement in friction and wear resistance for both Ti-5Cu and Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu alloys due to the precipitation of Ti2Cu. The results also indicated that both CP-Ti and Ti-5Cu behaved better wear resistance than Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu due to different wear mechanisms when articulated with hard zirconia. Both CP-Ti and Ti-5Cu revealed dominant adhesive wear with secondary abrasive wear mechanism while both Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V-5Cu showed severe abrasive wear and cracks with secondary adhesive wear mechanism due to different surface hardness integrated by their microstructures and material types. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Structure and Infrared Emissivity Properties of the MAO Coatings Formed on TC4 Alloys in K2ZrF6-Based Solution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Ying; Hu, Dan; Xi, Zhengping

    2018-01-01

    Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings were formed on TC4 alloy surface in silicate and metaphosphate electrolytes based with K2ZrF6 for various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure and chemical compositions of the coatings. The infrared emissivity of the coatings was measured at 50 °C in a wavelength range of 8–20 µm. The microstructural observations all revealed the typical porousstructures. Moreover, adecline in roughness and thickness of the prepared coatings can be observed when the concentration of K2ZrF6 increases. Combined with the results of XRD and XPS, it was found that all the oxides existed as the amorphous form in the coatings except the TiO2 phase. The coatings exhibited the highest infrared emissivity value (about 0.89) when the concentration of K2ZrF6 was 6 g/L, which was possibly attributed to the defect microstructure and the optimal role of ZrO2. PMID:29414841

  12. Morphologies of nanostructured TiO{sub 2} doped with F on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matykina, E.; Hernandez-Lopez, J.M.; Conde, A. [Departamento de Corrosion y Proteccion, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Domingo, C. [Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid (Spain); Damborenea, J.J. de [Departamento de Corrosion y Proteccion, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Arenas, M.A., E-mail: geles@cenim.csic.e [Departamento de Corrosion y Proteccion, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

    2011-02-01

    The formation of nanotubes in sulphuric/hydrofluoric acid electrolyte at controlled voltage is investigated on Ti-6Al-4V alloy used for load-bearing prosthetic applications. The effects of anodizing time and voltage on film morphology, composition and microstructure are studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and Raman spectroscopy. Fluorine content in the films was of a particular interest for enhancement of antibacterial properties of the surface. The efficiencies of film formation are determined as about 40% and 80% for anodizing at 20 V and 60 V respectively for shorter anodizing time and as about 1 and 5% for longer anodizing time. For 5 min of anodizing, higher voltage conditions results in a thicker barrier layer. At extended anodizing time a further disruption of the nanotubular morphology and formation of approximately 1.5 {mu}m-thick nanoporous film is promoted. The films grown at 20 V contain from 4 at.% to 6 at.% of fluorine. RBS detects about 13 at.% of fluorine incorporated in the film formed at 60 V for 60 min, possibly associated with a greater film thickness. The oxide film material consists of amorphous titania matrix doped with V{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.

  13. Spectral and quantum chemical studies on 1,3-bis(N(1)-4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidinebenzenesulfonamide-2,2,4,4-ethane-1,2-dithiol)-2,4-dichlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane and its erbium complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Mogren, Muneerah M; Alaghaz, Abdel-Nasser M A; El-Gogary, Tarek M

    2014-01-24

    Novel 1,3-bis(N(1)-4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidine-benzenesulfonamide-2,2,4,4-ethane-1,2-dithiol)-2,4-dichlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane (L), was prepared and their coordinating behavior towards the lanthanide ion Er(III) was studied. The structures of the isolated products are proposed based on elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS., (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (31)P NMR, SEM, XRD, mass spectra, effective magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Computational studies have been carried out at the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory on the structural and spectroscopic properties of L and its binuclear Er(III) complex. Different tautomers of the ligand were optimized at the ab initio DFT level. Keto-form structure is about 17.7 kcal/mol more stable than the enol form (taking zpe correction into account). Simulated IR frequencies were scaled and compared with that experimentally measured. TD-DFT method was used to compute the UV-VIS spectra which compared by the measured electronic spectra. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Pipes out of the chromium-molybdenum 12Kh2M1 steel intended for power units

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saf'yanov, A.V.; Plyatskovskij, O.A.; Khokhlov-Nekrasov, O.G.; Palatnikova, E.S.; Karpenko, N.P.

    1977-01-01

    Vanadiumless steel 12Kh2M1 (2.25%Cr, 1%Mo) known to be applied abroad has been used for production of 325x60 mm tubes. The technology involves heating of the blanks to 1270-1300 deg C, their piercing in a double-roller mill, rolling on a pilger mill 8-16'' in thick wall caliber rolls, thermal treatment (normalizing at 930-960 deg C for 1 hour and tempering at 730+-10 deg C for 4 hours and etching (12-22% H 2 SO 4 and up to 143 g/l FeSO 4 ) for 3-4 hours at 55-65 deg C. Good technological properties of the steel and its capacity of working at 540-580 deg C are confirmed. Vanadium alloying of boiler steels does not provide for essential improvement of oxydation resistance and long term strength, but decreases the workability and enhances scatter of working parameters on account of minor variations of chemical composition

  15. Parameter optimization for selective laser melting of TiAl6V4 alloy by CO2 laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baitimerov, R. M.; Lykov, P. A.; Radionova, L. V.; Safonov, E. V.

    2017-10-01

    TiAl6V4 alloy is one of the widely used materials in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technologies. In recent years selective laser melting (SLM) of TiAl6V4 alloy by fiber laser has been well studied, but SLM by CO2-lasers has not. SLM of TiAl6V4 powder by CO2-laser was studied in this paper. Nine 10×10×10 mm cubic specimens were fabricated using different SLM process parameters. All of the fabricated specimens have a good dense structure and a good surface finish quality without dimensional distortion. The lowest porosity that was achieved was about 0.5%.

  16. Microstructure evolution and grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser shock processing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ren, X.D., E-mail: renxd@mail.ujs.edu.cn [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Zhou, W.F.; Liu, F.F.; Ren, Y.P. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Yuan, S.Q. [Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Ren, N.F.; Xu, S.D.; Yang, T. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China)

    2016-02-15

    Graphical abstract: The grain refinement process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under LSP: (a) LDD in original grains; (b) Dislocations in β phase; (c) DTIs in α phase; (d) DTs transform into DCs; (e) DWs develop into sub-GBs; (f) GR accomplishes. - Highlights: • LSP could repair the surface defects and reduce the surface roughness. • Microstructure evolution of α phase in Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by LSP is distinct from β phase. • Multidirectional twin intersections and subgrain boundaries are the main mechanism of grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. • Grain refinement process of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was illustrated. - Abstract: Microstructure evolution and grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after laser shock processing (LSP) are systematically investigated in this paper. Laser shock waves were induced by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system operated with a wave-length of 1064 nm and 10 ns pulse width. The microstructures of LSP samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Present results indicate that the surface hardness of samples subjected to LSP impacts has significantly improved. Multidirectional twin intersections and dislocation movements lead to grain subdivision in α phase with ultra-high plastic deformation. High-density dislocations are found in β phase. Multidirectional twin intersections and division of sub-grain boundaries play an important role in the grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under LSP loading conditions.

  17. Effect of silicon on the structure, tribological behaviour, and mechanical properties of nitrogen-containing chromium-manganese austenitic steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Korshunov, L.G.; Chernenko, N.L.; Gojkhenberg, Yu.N.

    2003-01-01

    The effect of silicon in quantity of 3.5-4.5 mass. % on tribological behaviour is studied for nitrogen-bearing (0.20-0.52 mass. % of nitrogen) chromium-manganese austenitic steels (10Kh15G23S4A0.20, 10Kh16G17N3S4A0.30, 10Kh19G20NS4A0.50, 12Kh19G19NS2A0.50, 10Kh18G19A0.50, 08Kh16G8N10S4A0.18). Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the steels are determined. Using metallographic, x-ray diffraction and electron microscopical methods a study is made into structural transformations running in the steels considered under friction and static tension. It is shown that additional silicon alloying of nitrogen-bearing chromium-manganese austenitic steels results in an essential increase of adhesion wear resistance of the materials on retention of low friction coefficient (f=0.25-0.33). A strong silicon effect on steel tribological behaviour is related with planar slip activation and with an increase of austenite strength and heat resistance [ru

  18. Laser surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V): Part 1 – Surface characterization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pfleging, Wilhelm [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IAM-AWP, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, H.-von-Helmholtz-Pl. 1, 76344 Egg.-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Kumari, Renu [Department of Metal. and Maters. Eng., I. I. T. Kharagpur, WB 721302 (India); Besser, Heino [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IAM-AWP, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Scharnweber, Tim [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IBG-1, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Majumdar, Jyotsna Dutta, E-mail: jyotsna@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in [Department of Metal. and Maters. Eng., I. I. T. Kharagpur, WB 721302 (India)

    2015-11-15

    Highlights: • Texturing of Ti–6Al–4V with linear and dimple patterns are developed with ArF laser. • Linear textures have width of 25 μm and are at an interval of 20 μm. • Dimple textures are equi-spaced and have a diameter of 60 μm. • Significant refinement of microstructure in textured zone as compared to substrate. • Increased wettability of the textured surface against simulated body fluid. - Abstract: In the present study, a detailed study of the characterization of laser-surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) with line and dimple geometry developed by using an ArF excimer laser operating at a wavelength of 193 nm with a pulse length of 5 ns is undertaken. The characterization of the textured surface (both the top surface and cross section) is carried out by scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique and X-ray diffraction techniques. There is refinement of microstructure along with presence of titanium oxides (rutile, anatase and few Ti{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase) in the textured surface as compared to as-received one. The area fractions of linear texture and dimple texture measured by image analysis software are 45% and 20%, respectively. The wettability is increased after laser texturing. The total surface energy is decreased due to linear (29.6 mN/m) texturing and increased due to dimple (67.6 mN/m) texturing as compared to as-received Ti–6Al–4V (37 mN/m). The effect of polar component is more in influencing the surface energy of textured surface.

  19. Laser surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V): Part 1 – Surface characterization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pfleging, Wilhelm; Kumari, Renu; Besser, Heino; Scharnweber, Tim; Majumdar, Jyotsna Dutta

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Texturing of Ti–6Al–4V with linear and dimple patterns are developed with ArF laser. • Linear textures have width of 25 μm and are at an interval of 20 μm. • Dimple textures are equi-spaced and have a diameter of 60 μm. • Significant refinement of microstructure in textured zone as compared to substrate. • Increased wettability of the textured surface against simulated body fluid. - Abstract: In the present study, a detailed study of the characterization of laser-surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) with line and dimple geometry developed by using an ArF excimer laser operating at a wavelength of 193 nm with a pulse length of 5 ns is undertaken. The characterization of the textured surface (both the top surface and cross section) is carried out by scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique and X-ray diffraction techniques. There is refinement of microstructure along with presence of titanium oxides (rutile, anatase and few Ti_2O_3 phase) in the textured surface as compared to as-received one. The area fractions of linear texture and dimple texture measured by image analysis software are 45% and 20%, respectively. The wettability is increased after laser texturing. The total surface energy is decreased due to linear (29.6 mN/m) texturing and increased due to dimple (67.6 mN/m) texturing as compared to as-received Ti–6Al–4V (37 mN/m). The effect of polar component is more in influencing the surface energy of textured surface.

  20. Interfacial reaction in SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V composite by using transmission electron microscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Bin; Li, Maohua; Chen, Yanxia; Luo, Xian; Yang, Yanqing

    2015-01-01

    The interfacial reactions of continuous SiC fiber reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite (SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V composite) and continuous SiC fiber coated by C reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite (SiC_f/C/Ti-6Al-4V composite) were investigated by using micro-beam electron diffraction (MBED) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) on transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sequence of the interfacial reactions in the as-processed and exposed at 900°C for 50h SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V composites can be described as SiC||TiC||Ti_5Si_3 + TiC||Ti-6Al-4V and SiC||TiC||Ti_5Si_3||TiC||Ti_5Si_3||TiC||Ti_5Si_3||Ti-6Al-4V, respectively. Additionally, both in as-processed and exposed composites, Ti_3SiC_2 and Ti_3Si are absent at the interfaces. For the SiC_f/C/Ti-6Al-4V composite exposed at 900 °C for 50 h, the sequence of the interfacial reaction can be described as SiC||C||TiC_F||TiC_C||Ti-6Al-4V before C coating is completely consumed by interfacial reaction. When interfacial reaction consumes C coating completely, the sequence of the interfacial reaction can be described as SiC||TiC||Ti_5Si_3||TiC||Ti-6Al-4V. Furthermore, in SiC_f/C/Ti-6Al-4V composite, C coating can absolutely prevent Si diffusion from SiC fiber to matrix. Basing on these results, the model of formation process of the interfacial reaction products in the composites was proposed. - Highlights: • We obtained the sequence of the interfacial reactions in the as-processed and exposed at 900 °C for 50 h SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4 V composites as well as in the SiC_f/C/Ti-6Al-4 V composite exposed at 900 °C for 50 h. • We verified that both in as-processed and exposed SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4 V composites, Ti_3SiC_2 and Ti_3Si are absent at the interfaces. • Carbon coating can absolutely prevent silicon diffusion from SiC fiber to matrix. • Basing on these results, the model of formation process of the interfacial reaction products in the composites was proposed.

  1. Nitrogen-containing superlow-carbon austenitic steel 02Kh25N22AM2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fe'ldgandler, É. G.; Svistunova, T. V.; Savkina, L. Ya.; Lapshina, O. B.

    1996-02-01

    At present the equipment for manufacturing carbamide mineral fertilizers is produced from domestic steel 03Kh17N14M3 having "carbamide quality." Imported equipment also used in the industry is produced from steel of the 25-22-2 (Cr -Ni-Mo) type shipped by various firms, namely, 2RE69 (Sandvik, Sweden), 254SFER (Avesta, Sweden), 2522LCN (VDM, Germany), DM 1.4466 (Germany), and X2CrNiMo 25-22-2 (Dalmine, Italy). The imported steels are used because in some units steel 03Khl7Nl4M3 does not provide the requisite corrosion resistance in an intensified process of carbamide manufacturing. We currently possess domestic high-alloyed steel for producing new and repairing imported equipment operating under the severe conditions of carbamide synthesis. The present paper concerns the structure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of industrially produced steel 02Kh25N22AM2 (ChS-108) and the recommended range of its application.

  2. Centrosymmetric [N(CH3)4]2TiF6 vs. noncentrosymmetric polar [C(NH2)3]2TiF6: A hydrogen-bonding effect on the out-of-center distortion of TiF6 octahedra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Eun-ah; Lee, Dong Woo; Ok, Kang Min

    2012-01-01

    The syntheses, structures, and characterization of organically templated zero-dimensional titanium fluoride materials, A 2 TiF 6 (A=[N(CH 3 ) 4 ] or [C(NH 2 ) 3 ]), are reported. Phase pure samples of A 2 TiF 6 were synthesized by either solvothermal reaction method or a simple mixing method. While [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 TiF 6 crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group, R-3, [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 TiF 6 crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric polar space group, Cm. The asymmetric out-of-center distortion of TiF 6 octahedra in polar [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 TiF 6 are attributable to the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the fluorine atoms in TiF 6 octahedra and the nitrogen atoms in the [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] + cation. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements on the [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 TiF 6 , using 1064 nm radiation, indicate the material has SHG efficiency of 25× that of α-SiO 2 , which indicates an average nonlinear optical susceptibility, 〈d eff 〉 exp of 2.8 pm/V. Additional SHG measurements reveal that the material is not phase-matchable (Type 1). The magnitudes of out-of-center distortions and dipole moment calculations for TiF 6 octahedra will be also reported. - Graphical abstract: The out-of-center distortion of TiF 6 octahedron in the polar noncentrosymmetric [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 TiF 6 is attributable to the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the F in TiF 6 octahedron and the H–N in the [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] + . Highlights: ► Two titanium fluorides materials have been synthesized in high yields. ► Hydrogen-bonds are crucial for the out-of-center distortion of TiF 6 octahedra. ► [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 TiF 6 has a SHG efficiency of 25× that of α-SiO 2 .

  3. Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. F. Weiss

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs: decafluorobutane (C4F10, dodecafluoropentane (C5F12, tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14, hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16 and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18. Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 36 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8% for C4F10, 7.8% for C5F12, 4.0% for C6F14, 6.6% for C7F16 and 7.9% for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.17 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 1012 for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.27 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 6% of the total anthropogenic PFC radiative forcing (Montzka and Reimann, 2011; Oram et al., 2012. The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the late 1990s peaking at 6.2 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 1015 per year (yr for C4F10, at 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C5F12 and 16.6 ppq yr−1 for C6F14 and in the early 1990s for C7F16 at 4.7 ppq yr−1 and in the mid 1990s for C8F18 at 4.8 ppq yr−1. The 2011 globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs are subsequently lower at 2.2 ppq yr−1 for C4F10, 1.4 ppq yr−1 for C5F12, 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C6F14, 3.4 ppq yr−1 for C7F16 and 0.9 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The more recent slowdown in the growth rates suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s.

  4. MABGEL 1: first phase 1 trial of the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 as a vaginal microbicide.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Georgina C Morris

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs which potently neutralize a broad range of HIV isolates are potential microbicide candidates. To date, topical application of mAbs in humans and their stability in vaginal secretions has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: To assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of the mAbs 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 when applied vaginally in women. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy, sexually abstinent women administered 2.5 g of gel daily for 12 days containing either 10 or 20 mg/g of each mAb (MABGEL or placebo. Main clinical evaluations and sampling occurred at baseline, 1, 8, and 24 hours post-1st dose and 12 and 36 hours post-12th dose. RESULTS: After adjustment for dilution factors, median levels of 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 in vaginal secretions at 1 hour post high-dose MABGEL were 7.74, 5.28 and 7.48 mg/ml respectively. Levels of 2F5 and 4E10 declined exponentially thereafter with similar estimated half-lives (4.6 and 4.3 hours. In contrast, 2G12 levels declined more rapidly in the first 8 hours, with an estimated half-life of 1.4 hours during this period. There was no evidence of systemic absorption. There were no significant differences in local or systemic adverse event rates or vaginal flora changes (by qPCR between active and placebo gel arms. Whilst at least 1 adverse event was recorded in 96% of participants, 95% were mild and none were serious. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal application of 50 mg of each mAb daily was safe over a 12 day period. Median mAb concentrations detected at 8 hours post dose were potentially sufficient to block HIV transmission.2G12 exhibited more rapid elimination from the human vagina than 4E10 and 2F5, likely due to poor stability of 2G12 in acidic human vaginal secretions. Further research is needed to develop mAb-based vaginal microbicides and delivery systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN 64808733 UK CRN Portfolio 6470.

  5. Welding of high-strength stainless steel 03Kh12N10MT for cryogenic engineering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pustovit, A.I.

    1989-01-01

    Consideration is being given to weld resistance to cold and hot cracking at 93 and 77K and to mechanical properties of welded joints of high-strength stainless steel 03Kh12N10MT, produced under the fluxes AN-17M, AN-18, AN-26, AN-45, ANF-5, 48-OF-6, ANK-45 and ANK-49 in combination with various welding wires. It is shown that welds on 03Kh12N10MT steel meet the requirements only when using 48-OF-6 or ANK-49 flux. It is noted that impact strength of welds at 77K is sufficiently affected by the volume fraction of non-metallic inclusions in weld metal

  6. Tribological behavior of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloys for Total Hip Prosthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mamoun Fellah

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the study is to evaluate the friction and wear behavior of high-strength alloys Ti-6Al-7Nb used in femoral stem and compare it with a Ti-6Al-4V alloy cylindrical bar corresponding to ISO 5832-3 part 3/01-07-199 standard. The tribological behavior was investigated by wear tests, using ball-on-disc and pin-on-disc tribometers. These tests consisted of measuring the weight loss and the friction coefficient of samples. The oscillating friction and wear tests have been carried out in ambient with oscillating tribotester in accordance with standards ISO 7148, ASTM G99-95a, and ASTM G133-95 under different conditions of normal loads (3, 6, and 10 N and sliding speeds (1, 15, and 25 mm·s−1. As counter pairs, a 100Cr6 steel ball with 10 mm in diameter was used. Results show that the two alloys had similar friction and wear performance, although their grain structures and compositions are different. Occurrence of large frictional occurred, is probably caused by formation and periodic, localized fracture of a transfer layer. Higher friction with larger fluctuation and higher wear rate was observed at the higher siding speed. The Ti-6Al-4V wear mechanism transforms from ploughing and peeling off wear at low sliding speed to plastic deformation and adhesive wear.

  7. Study on improved tribological properties by alloying copper to CP-Ti and Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Song [Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057 (China); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Ma, Zheng [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016 (China); Liao, Zhenhua [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057 (China); Song, Jian [State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Yang, Ke [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016 (China); Liu, Weiqiang, E-mail: weiqliu@hotmail.com [Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057 (China); State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

    2015-12-01

    Copper alloying to titanium and its alloys is believed to show an antibacterial performance. However, the tribological properties of Cu alloyed titanium alloys were seldom studied. Ti–5Cu and Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu alloys were fabricated in the present study in order to further study the friction and wear properties of titanium alloys with Cu additive. The microstructure, composition and hardness were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and hardness tester. The tribological behaviors were tested with ZrO{sub 2} counterface in 25% bovine serum using a ball-on-disc tribo-tester. The results revealed that precipitations of Ti{sub 2}Cu intermetallic compounds appeared in both Ti–5Cu and Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu alloys. The tribological results showed an improvement in friction and wear resistance for both Ti–5Cu and Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu alloys due to the precipitation of Ti{sub 2}Cu. The results also indicated that both CP-Ti and Ti–5Cu behaved better wear resistance than Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu due to different wear mechanisms when articulated with hard zirconia. Both CP-Ti and Ti–5Cu revealed dominant adhesive wear with secondary abrasive wear mechanism while both Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu showed severe abrasive wear and cracks with secondary adhesive wear mechanism due to different surface hardness integrated by their microstructures and material types. - Highlights: • Ti–5Cu and Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu alloys were fabricated with Cu additive. • Precipitations of Ti{sub 2}Cu intermetallic compounds appeared after alloying Cu. • The precipitation of Ti{sub 2}Cu improved both friction and wear resistance. • Plowing was the dominant material removal force with severe plowing phenomenon. • Different dominant and secondary wear mechanisms appeared with different hardness.

  8. The dependence of activity coefficient on intensive thermodynamic parameters in a liquid Fe-N-V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hutny, A.; Siwka, J. [Faculty of Materials Processing Technology and Applied Physics, Technical Univ. of Czestochowa (Poland)

    2003-07-01

    The article presents the methodology and results of experimental studies on the solubility of nitrogen in liquid Fe-V alloys. Tests were carried out using the levitation metal melting technique. Liquid alloys of Fe-V ([%V]{sub wt.%} 1.5; 2.5; 4,0; 5.8; 7.8; 12.2; 45%) were saturated with nitrogen at temperatures of 2073, 2173, 2273 K. The partial pressure of nitrogen was varied in the range 0.001-2.5 MPa. The experiment involved melting a 1 g specimen in an electromagnetic field generated by a levitation coil, filling the reaction chamber with nitrogen up to the required pressure and heating the specimen up to a preset temperature. High nitrogen concentrations were obtained in the samples due to the formation of high nitrogen partial pressures in the gaseous phase in the reaction chamber. In such conditions, all interactions of nitrogen in the alloy tested could be disclosed, namely: nitrogen-vanadium, nitrogen-nitrogen, and nitrogen-nitrogen-vanadium interactions. The results of the tests showed a nonlinear dependence of the activity coefficient, f{sub N}, not only on vanadium content in the alloy, but also on nitrogen content in it. Using the experimental data and the findings of the previous study on the liquid Fe-N alloy, temperature relationships of inter- and self-reaction parameters have been determined. (orig.)

  9. Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of 3,4,5-trichloro-6-(dibenzo[d,f][1,3]diazepin-5-yl-[1,2]-benzoquinones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohsen A. M. Gomaa

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Reaction of N1,N2-di-(4-methoxyphenyl- or N1,N2-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl -amidines (1a-d with 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (2 in ethyl acetate at room temperature led to formation of new 3,4,5-trichloro-6-(2-hydroxy-6-methyldibenzo[d,f][1,3]diazepin-5-yl[1,2]-benzoquinones (3a-d in addition to N-aryl-N'-(6,7,8,9-tetrachloro-4-hydroxydibenzo-[1,4]dioxin-2-ylacetamidines (4a,b. The rational of formation of products 3a-d and 4a,b was discussed and structures were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data.

  10. Comparison between pulsed Nd:YAG laser superficial treatment and ceramic coating in creep test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reis, A.G.; Reis, D.A.P.; Moura Neto, C.; Oliveira, H.S.; Couto, A.A.

    2009-01-01

    The objective of this work was evaluating the creep resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with superficial treatment of pulsed Nd:YAG laser and ceramic coating in creep test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It was used Ti-6Al-4V alloy as cylindrical bars under forged and annealing of 190 deg C by 6 hours condition and cooled by air. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy after the superficial treatment of pulsed Nd:YAG laser and ceramic coating was submitted to creep tests at 600°C and 125 at 319 MPa, under constant load mode. In the Nd:YAG pulsed laser treatment was used an environment of 40 % N and 60 % Ar, with 2.1 W of power and 10 m/s of speed. Yttria (8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was atmospherically plasma sprayed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by Sulzer Metco Type 9 MB. The obtained results suggest the laser treatment on Ti-6Al-4V alloy improved its creep resistance. (author)

  11. Preparation and tribological properties of self-lubricating TiO2/graphite composite coating on Ti6Al4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mu, Ming; Zhou, Xinjian; Xiao, Qian; Liang, Jun; Huo, Xiaodi

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► A TiO 2 /graphite composite coating is produced on Ti alloy by one-step PEO process. ► The TiO 2 /graphite composite coating exhibits excellent self-lubricating behavior. ► The self-lubricating composite coating improves the wear resistance by comparison to the conventional PEO coating. - Abstract: One-step plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process in a graphite-dispersed phosphate electrolyte was used to prepare a graphite-containing oxide composite coating on Ti6Al4V alloy. The composition and microstructure of the oxide coatings produced in the phosphate electrolytes with and without addition of graphite were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tribological properties of the uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy and oxide coatings were evaluated using a reciprocating ball-on-disk tribometer. Results showed that the graphite-containing oxide composite coating can be successfully produced on Ti6Al4V alloy in the graphite-dispersed phosphate electrolyte using PEO process. The graphite-containing oxide composite coating registered much lower friction coefficient and wear rate than the uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy and the oxide coating without graphite under dry sliding condition, exhibiting excellent self-lubricating property.

  12. JAK2 V617F, MPL W515L and JAK2 Exon 12 Mutations in Chinese Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xia, Jun; Lu, Mi-Ze; Jiang, Yuan-Qiang; Yang, Guo-Hua; Zhuang, Yun; Sun, Hong-Li; Shen, Yun-Feng

    2012-03-01

    JAK2 V617F, MPL W515L and JAK2 exon 12 mutations are novel acquired mutations that induce constitutive cytokine-independent activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). The discovery of these mutations provides novel mechanism for activation of signal transduction in hematopoietic malignancies. This research was to investigate their prevalence in Chinese patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). We introduced allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) combined with sequence analysis to simultaneously screen JAK2 V617F, MPL W515L and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in 30 patients with PMF. Fifteen PMF patients (50.0%) carried JAK2 V617F mutation, and only two JAK2 V617F-negative patients (6.7%) harbored MPL W515L mutation. None had JAK2 exon 12 mutations. Furthermore, these three mutations were not detected in 50 healthy controls. MPL W515L and JAK2 V617F mutations existed in PMF patients but JAK2 exon 12 mutations not. JAK2 V617F and MPL W515L and mutations might contribute to the primary molecular pathogenesis in patients with PMF.

  13. A theory of piezoelectric, elastic, and dielectric properties of the KH2PO4 family crystals under the strain u6. Phase transition and the piezoelectric effect in the KH2PO4 crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levits'kij, R.R.; Lyisnij, B.M.

    2003-01-01

    In order to study the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics of the KH 2 PO 4 family, we consider an extended proton tunneling model that takes into account the shear strain u 6 . In the four-particle cluster approximation for the short-range interactions and the mean field approximation for the long-range interaction we calculate the transverse components of the dielectric susceptibility tensor of the KH 2 PO 4 family ferroelectrics

  14. Determination of {sup 55}Mn(n,γ){sup 56}Mn reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vansola, Vibha; Mukherjee, Surjit [M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara (India). Dept. of Physics; Naik, Haladhara [Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai (India). Radiochemistry Div.; Suryanarayana, Saraswatula Venkata [Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai (India). Nuclear Physics Div.; Ghosh, Reetuparna; Badwar, Sylvia; Lawriniang, Bioletty Mary [North Eastern Hill Univ., Meghalaya (India). Dept. of Physics; Sheela, Yerraguntla Santhi [Manipal Univ. (India). Dept. of Statistics

    2016-07-01

    The {sup 55}Mn(n,γ){sup 56}Mn reaction cross-sections at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV were determined by using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The neutron energies of 1.12 and 2.12 MeV were generated from the {sup 7}Li(p,n) reaction by using the proton energies of 3 and 4 MeV from the folded tandem ion beam accelerator (FOTIA) at BARC. For the neutron energies of 3.12 and 4.12 MeV, the proton energies used were 5 and 6 MeV from the Pelletron facility at TIFR, Mumbai. The {sup 115}In(n,γ){sup 116m}In reaction cross-section was used as the neutron flux monitor. The {sup 55}Mn(n,γ){sup 56}Mn reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 4.12 MeV are reported for the first time, whereas at 1.12, 2.12 and 3.12 MeV, they are in between the literature data. The {sup 55}Mn(n,γ){sup 56}Mn reaction cross-section was also calculated theoretically by using the computer code TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.2.2. The experimental data of present work are found to be in between the theoretical values of TALYS and EMPIRE.

  15. ANC of 6.92 MeV (2"+) and 7.12 MeV (1"-) states from sub-Coulomb "1"2C("6Li,d) data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mondal, Ashok; Basu, C.; Adhikari, S.

    2016-01-01

    The determination of the astrophysical S-factor of the "1"2C(α,γ) reaction at 300 keV requires a R-matrix extrapolation. This is because a direct measurement of this reaction at 300 keV is almost impossible due to the very small cross-section. The R-matrix extrapolation requires as input the asymptotic normalization constant (ANC) of mainly two "1"6O states states viz. 6.92 MeV and 7.12 MeV on which the fit is most sensitive. The ANC of these two states have been determined from indirect measurements, mainly from "1"2C("6Li,d) and "1"2C("7Li,t) alpha transfer reactions. Most of these measurements are done at above barrier energies as cross-sections are larger. In this work, we determine the ANC of the 6.92 MeV and 7.12 MeV states of "1"6O using the "1"2C("6Li,d) data of Heikkinen et al measured at 4.5 to 5.0 MeV incident energies. The data spans over a larger angular span in comparison to Avila though the former data do not cover the very backward angles as in the Avila data. As the Heikkinen data has never been analyzed to extract the ANC we report the results of our analysis of the data

  16. Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of in-situ synthesized TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Hongxi; Zhang, Xiaowei; Jiang, Yehua; Zhou, Rong

    2016-01-01

    High temperature anti-oxidation TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coatings were fabricated with the powder and AlN powder on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface by 6 kW transverse-flow CO_2 laser apparatus. The chemical composition, morphology and microstructure of the TiN/Ti_3Al composite coatings were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti_3Al coating, the isothermal oxidation test was performed in a high temperature resistance furnace at 600 °C and 800 °C, respectively. The result shows that the composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of TiN primary phase (granular-like, flake-like or dendrites), with an even distribution in Ti_3Al matrix. It indicates that a physical and chemical reaction between Ti powder and AlN powder has completely occurred under the laser irradiation condition. In addition, the microhardness of the TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic composite coating is 3.4 times higher than that of the Ti6Al4V alloy substrate and reaches 844 HV_0_._2. The high temperature oxidation behavior test reveals that the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti_3Al composite coating is much better than that of titanium alloy substrate. The excellent high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coating is attributed to the formation of reinforced phases TiN, Al_2O_3 and TiO_2. The laser cladding TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coating is anticipated to be a promising high temperature oxidation resistance coating for Ti6Al4V alloy. - Highlights: • In-situ TiN/Ti_3Al composite coating was synthesized on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding. • The influence of Ti and AlN molar ratio on the microstructure of the coating was studied. • The TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic coating is mainly composed of α-Ti, TiN and Ti_3Al phases. • The

  17. Crystal structures of KM(AsF6)3 (M2+ = Mg, Co, Mn, Zn), KCu(SbF6)3 and [Co(HF)2]Sr[Sr(HF)]2-[Sr(HF)2]2[AsF6]12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mazej, Zoran; Goreshnik, Evgeny

    2015-01-01

    The KM(AsF 6 ) 3 (M 2+ = Mg, Co, Mn, Zn) and KCu(SbF 6 ) 3 compounds crystallize isotypically to previously known KNi(AsF 6 ) 3 . The main features of the structure of these compounds are rings of MF 6 octahedra sharing apexes with AsF 6 octahedra connected into infinite tri-dimensional frameworks. In this arrangement cavities are formed where K + cations are placed. Single crystals of CoSr 5 (AsF 6 ) 12 .8HF were obtained as one of the products after the crystallization of 3KF/CoF 2 /SrF 2 mixture in the presence of AsF 5 in anhydrous HF. The CoSr 5 (AsF 6 ) 12 .8HF is monoclinic, C/2c (No.15), with a = 26.773(5) Aa, b = 10.087(2) Aa, c = 21.141(5) Aa, β = 93.296(13) circle , V = 5699.9(19) Aa 3 at 200 K, and Z = 4. There are three crystallographically non-equivalent Sr 2+ cations in the crystal structure of CoSr 5 (AsF 6 ) 12 .8HF. The Sr1 is coordinated by ten fluorine atoms from eight different [AsF 6 ]- anions, meanwhile Sr2 and Sr3 are bound to nine fluorine atoms provided by one HF and eight AsF 6 units or by two HF and six AsF 6 units, respectively. The Co 2+ is coordinated distorted-octahedrally by six fluorine atoms from two HF molecules and four different AsF 6 units. All those moieties in the crystal structure of [Co(HF) 2 ]Sr[Sr(HF)] 2 [Sr(HF) 2 ] 2 [AsF 6 ] 12 are connected into tridimensional framework. The CoSr 5 (AsF 6 ) 12 .8HF is a unique example of compound where HF molecules are directly bound via fluorine atoms to two different metal centres.

  18. (C2N2H10)[Fe xV1-x(HPO3)F3] (x = 0.44, 0.72): Two new organically templated phosphites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cisneros, Jose L.; Fernandez-Armas, Sergio; Mesa, Jose L.; Pizarro, Jose L.; Arriortua, Maria I.; Rojo, Teofilo

    2006-01-01

    (C 2 N 2 H 10 )[Fe x V 1-x (HPO 3 )F 3 ] (x = 0.44, 0.72) have been synthesized using mild solvothermal conditions under autogenous pressure and the ethylenediamine molecule as templating agent. The crystal structures have been determined from X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. The compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic P2 1 2 1 2 1 space group with Z = 4 and unit-cell parameters a = 12.8494(9), b = 9.5430(6), c = 6.4372(5) A, and a = 12.8578(1), b = 9.5342(1), c = 6.4370(7) A for (C 2 N 2 H 10 )[Fe 0.44 V 0.56 (HPO 3 )F 3 ] and (C 2 N 2 H 10 )[Fe 0.72 V 0.28 (HPO 3 )F 3 ] (1) and (2), respectively. These isostructural compounds exhibit a monodimensional crystal structure formed by pillared double anionic chains with the formula [M(HPO 3 )F 3 ] 2- , extended along the [0 0 1] direction. These doubled ionic chains are the result of the linking of two simple chains in which there are alternating octahedral [MO 3 F 3 ] and tetrahedral groups [HPO 3 ]. The ethylendiammonium cations are placed in the space delimited by three different chains. The metallic ions are interconnected by the pseudo-pyramidal (HPO 3 ) 2- phosphite oxoanions, adopting a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The IR spectra show bands corresponding to the phosphite oxoanion and the ethylendiamonium cation at 2400 and 1600 cm -1 , respectively. The thermogravimetric analyses show that these phases are stable up to ca. 280 deg. C, at higher temperatures, the decomposition of the crystal structure begins by calcination of the organic cation and the elimination of the fluoride anions. The diffuse reflectance spectra show bands of the V 3+ ion (d 2 ) in octahedral symmetry. The values of the Dq (1540, 1540 cm -1 ), and Racah parameters, B (560, 535 cm -1 ) and C (3055, 3140 cm -1 ) for (1) and (2), respectively, correspond with those usually found for octahedrically coordinated V(III) compounds. Magnetic measurements, performed on a powered sample from 5.0 to 300 K at 1000 G, in the ZFC and

  19. Preliminary study on the corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selective-laser-melted Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Sai; Lu, Yanjin; Wu, Songquan; Liu, Lingling; He, Mengjiao; Zhao, Chaoqian; Gan, Yiliang; Lin, Junjie; Luo, Jiasi; Xu, Xiongcheng; Lin, Jinxin

    2017-03-01

    In this study, a series of Cu-bearing Ti6Al4V-xCu (x=0, 2, 4, 6wt%) alloys (shorten by Ti6Al4V, 2C, 4C, and 6C, respectively.) with antibacterial function were successfully fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technology with mixed spherical powders of Cu and Ti6Al4V for the first time. In order to systematically investigate the effects of Cu content on the microstructure, phase constitution, corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of SLMed Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys, experiments including XRD, SEM-EDS, electrochemical measurements, antibacterial tests and cytotoxicity tests were conducted with comparison to SLMed Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti6Al4V). Microstructural observations revealed that Cu had completely fused into the Ti6Al4V alloy, and presented in the form of Ti 2 Cu phase at ambient temperature. With Cu content increase, the density of the alloy gradually decreased, and micropores were obviously found in the alloy. Electrochemical measurements showed that corrosion resistance of Cu-bearing alloys were stronger than Cu-free alloy. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that 4C and 6C alloys presented strong and stable antibacterial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared to the Ti6Al4V and 2C alloy. In addition, similar to the Ti6Al4V alloy, the Cu-bearing alloys also exerted good cytocompatibility to the Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Based on those results, the preliminary study verified that it was feasible to fabricated antibacterial Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys direct by SLM processing mixed commercial Ti6Al4V and Cu powder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. An empirical-statistical model for laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V powder on Ti-6Al-4V substrate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nabhani, Mohammad; Razavi, Reza Shoja; Barekat, Masoud

    2018-03-01

    In this article, Ti-6Al-4V powder alloy was directly deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate using laser cladding process. In this process, some key parameters such as laser power (P), laser scanning rate (V) and powder feeding rate (F) play important roles. Using linear regression analysis, this paper develops the empirical-statistical relation between these key parameters and geometrical characteristics of single clad tracks (i.e. clad height, clad width, penetration depth, wetting angle, and dilution) as a combined parameter (PαVβFγ). The results indicated that the clad width linearly depended on PV-1/3 and powder feeding rate had no effect on it. The dilution controlled by a combined parameter as VF-1/2 and laser power was a dispensable factor. However, laser power was the dominant factor for the clad height, penetration depth, and wetting angle so that they were proportional to PV-1F1/4, PVF-1/8, and P3/4V-1F-1/4, respectively. Based on the results of correlation coefficient (R > 0.9) and analysis of residuals, it was confirmed that these empirical-statistical relations were in good agreement with the measured values of single clad tracks. Finally, these relations led to the design of a processing map that can predict the geometrical characteristics of the single clad tracks based on the key parameters.

  1. Microstructure evolution of the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} joints brazed using Au-Ni-V filler alloys with different V content

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sun, Y. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Zhang, J., E-mail: hitzhangjie@hit.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Zhang, H.W.; Fan, G.H.; He, Y.M. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

    2011-08-18

    Highlights: > Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic was brazed using Au-Ni-V filler alloy with different V content. > The microstructure evolution of the joint was study in detail in the paper. > The polygonal Ni{sub 2}SiV{sub 3} and Ni{sub 3}V phase in the joint were investigated by TEM. > The formation of different compounds and alloys in joint was detailed discussed. - Abstract: Au-Ni-V filler alloys with different vanadium contents were designed to braze Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic at 1373 K for 30 min, and the microstructures of brazing seams were investigated by SEM and TEM. When the Au-Ni-V filler alloy contains 5 at.% V, round-like Ni[Si, V, Au] precipitates form in the Au[Ni] solid solution matrix and a VN reaction layer with 0.5 {mu}m thickness appears on Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} interface. When the V content increases to 10 at.%, a new polygonal Ni{sub 2}SiV{sub 3} phase occurs in the seam, and the Ni[Si, V, Au] precipitate coarsens and VN layer thickens. With increase of V contents to 15 and 20 at.%, laminar Ni[Au] and polygonal Ni{sub 3}V precipitates form. With 25 at.% V content in the filler alloy, the Ni{sub 2}SiV{sub 3} and Ni{sub 3}V precipitates distribute homogenously in the brazing seam. These microstructure evolutions were attributed to the reaction between Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and vanadium, which forms VN reaction layer and releases Si into the molten alloy.

  2. Surface hardening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by hydrogenation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, T.I.; Wu, J.K.

    1991-01-01

    Thermochemical processing is an advanced method to enhance the fabricability and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. In this process hydrogen is added to the titanium alloy as a temporary alloying element. Hydrogen addition lowers the β transus temperature of titanium alloy and stabilizes the β phase. The increased amount of β phase in hydrogen-modified titanium alloys reduces the grain growth rate during eutectoid β → α + hydride reaction. Hydrogen was added to the titanium alloy by holding it at a relatively high temperature in a hydrogen gaseous environment in previous studies. Pattinato reported that Ti-6Al-4V alloy can react with hydrogen gas at ambient temperature and cause a serious hydrogen embrittlement problem. The hydrogen must be removed to a low allowable concentration in a vacuum system after the hydrogenation process. The present study utilized an electrochemical technique to dissolve hydrogen into titanium alloy to replace the hydrogen environment in thermochemical processing. In this paper microstructures and hardnesses of this new processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy are reported

  3. Bottom-up substitution assembly of AuF4-n0,-+nPO3 (n = 1-4): a theoretical study of novel oxyfluoride hyperhalogen molecules and anions AuF4-n(PO3)n0,-

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Yi-fan; Cui, Zhong-hua; Ding, Yi-hong

    2014-06-01

    Compounds with high electron affinity, i.e. superhalogens, have continued to attract chemists' attention, due to their potential importance in fundamental chemistry and materials science. It has now proven very effective to build up novel superhalogens with multi-positively charged centres, which are usually called 'hyperhalogens'. Herein, using AuF4- and PO3 as the model building blocks, we made the first attempt to design the Au,P-based hyperhalogen anions AuF4-n(PO3)n- (n = 1-4) at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d)&SDD and CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d)&SDD (single-point) levels (6-311+G(d) for O, F, P and SDD for Au). Notably, for all the considered Au,P systems, the ground state bears a dioxo-bonded structure with n ≤ 3, which is significantly more stable than the usually presumed mono-oxo-bonded one. Moreover, the clustering of the -PO3 moieties becomes energetically favoured for n ≥ 3. The ground states of AuP4O120,- are the first reported cage-like oxide hyperhalogens. Thus, the -PO3 moiety cannot be retained during the 'bottom-up' assembly. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) value of the most stable AuF4-n(PO3)n- (n = 1-4) ranges from 7.16 to 8.20 eV, higher than the VDE values of the corresponding building blocks AuF4- (7.08 eV) and PO3- (4.69 eV). The adiabatic detachment energy values of these four hyperhalogens exceed 6.00 eV. Possible generation routes for AuF4-n(PO3)n- (n = 1-4) were discussed. The presently designed oxyfluorides not only enriches the family of hyperhalogens, but also demonstrates the great importance of considering the structural transformation during the superhalogen → hyperhalogen design such as for the present Au-P based systems.

  4. Reactions UF4 - ClO2F and UF5 - ClO2F

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benoit, Raymond; Besnard, Ginette; Hartmanshenn, Olivier; Luce, Michel; Mougin, Jacques; Pelissie, Jean

    1970-02-01

    The study of the reaction UF 4 - ClO 2 F between 0 deg. and 100 deg. C, by various techniques (micro-sublimation, isopiestic method, IR and UV spectrography, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction) shows that intermediate steps are possible before the production of UF 5 . The whole reaction may be schematised by two equations: (1) n UF 4 + ClO 2 Fn UF x + ClO 2 (4 4 + ClO 2 F → UF x + 1/2 Cl 2 + O 2 . The more the temperature rises, the more the second equation becomes experimentally verified. The reaction at 0 deg. C between UF 5 and ClO 2 F may be represented by: UF 5 + ClO 2 F → UF 6 ClO 2 . The reactions: UF 5 + ClO 2 F → UF 6 + ClO 2 , UF 5 + ClO 2 F → UF 6 + 1/2 Cl 2 + O 2 are verified, the first and the second at 25 deg. C., the second from 50 deg. to 150 deg. C. From the results of AGRON it is possible to predict the residual solids before complete volatilization as UF 6 . The IR spectra of ClO 2 F adsorbed on UF 4 and UF x at 60 deg. C have been compared with those of gaseous ClO 2 F and UF 6 adsorbed on UF 4 . (authors) [fr

  5. Three-dimensional characterization of pores in Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Regina Baldissera

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available The direct three-dimensional characterization of opaque materials through serial sectioning makes possible to visualize and better quantify a material microstructure, using classical metallographic techniques coupled with computer-aided reconstruction. Titanium alloys are used as biomaterials for bone implants because of its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy (in wt. (% with porous microstructure permits the ingrowths of new-bone tissues improving the fixation bone/implant. This is important to understand connectivity, morphology and spatial distribution of pores in microstructure. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy compacts were produced by powder metallurgy and sintered at three distinct temperatures (1250, 1400 and 1500 °C to obtain distinct microstructures in terms of residual porosity. The visualization of the reconstructed 3D microstructure provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the porosity of Ti6Al4V alloy (volume fraction and pore morphology.

  6. Laser Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Ti-Al2O3 Coating for Biomedical Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mthisi, A.; Popoola, A. P. I.; Adebiyi, D. I.; Popoola, O. M.

    2018-05-01

    The indispensable properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy coupled with poor tribological properties and delayed bioactivity make it a subject of interest to explore in biomedical application. A quite number of numerous coatings have been employed on titanium alloys, with aim to overcome the poor properties exhibited by this alloy. In this work, the possibility of laser cladding different ad-mixed powders (Ti - 5 wt.% Al2O3 and Ti - 8wt.% Al2O3) on Ti-6Al-4V at various laser scan speed (0.6 and 0.8 m/min) were investigated. The microstructure, phase constituents and corrosion of the resultant coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Optical microscope, X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) and potentiostat respectively. The electrochemical behaviour of the produced coatings was studied in a simulated body fluid (Hanks solution). The microstructural results show that a defect free coating is achieved at low scan speed and ad-mixed of Ti-5 wt. % Al2O3. Cladding of Ti - Al2O3 improved the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy regardless of varying neither scan speed nor ad-mixed percentage. However, Ti-5 wt.% Al2O3 coating produced at low scan speed revealed the highest corrosion resistance among the coatings due to better quality coating layer. Henceforth, this coating may be suitable for biomedical applications.

  7. Measurement of fission cross section for {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131}{sub Z}X (Z = 50, 51, 52, 53) reaction induced by neutrons around 14 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lan, Chang-lin; Qiu, Yi-jia; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Zheng-wei; Zhang, Qian; Tan, Jun-cai; Fang, Kai-hong [Lanzhou University, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou (China); Lai, Cai-feng [China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Mianyang (China)

    2017-06-15

    The fission cross sections of {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131m,g}Sn, {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131}Sb, {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131m,g}Te, {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131}I fission reactions induced by 14 MeV neutrons were measured precisely with the neutron activation technique. The neutron flux was monitored by accompanying α particle in the irradiation and the neutron energies were determined by the cross section ratio of {sup 90}Zr(n,2n){sup 89}Zr to {sup 93}Nb(n,2n){sup 92m}Nb reaction. The values of the cross sections of {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131m,g}Sn were analyzed, and the cross sections of {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131}Sb were deduced to be 6.5±0.7, 6.3±0.6, 6.1±0.6 mb at 14.1±0.3, 14.5±0.3 and 14.8±0.3 MeV, respectively. The values of the cross sections of {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131g}Te were deduced to be 1.8 ± 0.1, 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.4±0.1 mb at 14.1±0.3, 14.5±0.3 and 14.8±0.3 MeV, respectively. The values of the cross sections of {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 131}I were given as 1.8±0.2, 1.6±0.2, 1.5±0.1 mb at 14.1±0.3, 14.5±0.3 and 14.8±0.3 MeV, respectively. (orig.)

  8. Property Investigation of Laser Cladded, Laser Melted and Electron Beam Melted Ti-Al6-V4

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-05-01

    UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED Figure 3: Examples of electron beam melted net shape parts; powder bed [3]. 1.4 Laser Cladding ...description, www.arcam.com. [4] K.-H. Hermann, S. Orban, S. Nowotny, Laser Cladding of Titanium Alloy Ti6242 to Restore Damaged Blades, Proceedings...Property Investigation of Laser Cladded , Laser Melted and Electron Beam Melted Ti-Al6-V4 Johannes Vlcek EADS Deutschland GmbH Corporate Research

  9. Wear characteristics of TiO[sub 2] coating and silicon carbide alloyed layer on Ti-6Al-4V material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karamis, M.B. (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Erciyes Univ., Kayseri (Turkey))

    1992-08-14

    Wear properties of Ti-6Al-4V material (IMI-318) TiO[sub 2] coated and electron beam alloyed with silicon carbide were tested. Thickness of oxide coating, alloying conditions and properties of the alloyed layer such as hardness, layer thickness and microstructure are described. Wear tests were carried out on a general-purpose wear machine by using a disc-disc sample configuration under lubricated conditions. Counterface materials to oxide-coated and to surface-alloyed specimens were plasma-nitrided AISI 51100 and hardened AISI 4140 respectively. The resulting weight loss and wear resistance were monitored as a function of sliding distance and applied load. Although the electron beam alloying improved the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V material, the oxide coatings on the material were not resistant to wear. (orig.).

  10. Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy

    OpenAIRE

    Samar Reda Al-Sayed Ali; Abdel Hamid Ahmed Hussein; Adel Abdel Menam Saleh Nofal; Salah Elden Ibrahim Hasseb Elnaby; Haytham Abdelrafea Elgazzar; Hassan Abdel Sabour

    2017-01-01

    Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resist...

  11. The $N_f^3 g^6$ term in the pressure of hot QCD

    CERN Document Server

    Gynther, A; Vuorinen, A

    2009-01-01

    We determine the first independent part of the g^6 coefficient in the weak coupling expansion of the QCD pressure at high temperatures, the one proportional to the maximal power of the number of quark flavors N_f. In addition to introducing and developing computational methods that can be used in evaluating other parts of the expansion, our calculation provides a result that becomes dominant in the limit of large N_f and a fixed effective coupling g_{eff}^2 = g^2 N_f/2.

  12. Recovery of electron irradiated V-Ga alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leguey, T.; Monge, M.; Pareja, R.; Hodgson, E.R.

    2000-01-01

    The recovery characteristics of electron-irradiated V-Ga alloys with 1.2 and 4.6 at.% Ga have been investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). It is found that vacancies created by electron irradiation become mobile in these alloys at ∼293 K. This temperature is noticeably lower than that in pure V and V-Ti alloys. The vacancies aggregate into microvoids in V-4.6Ga, but do not in V-1.2Ga. The results indicate that vacancies are bound to Ga-interstitial impurity pairs

  13. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 6-Amino-3-benzylmercapto-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-8(7H-one

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gene-Hsiang Lee

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available The title compound 6-amino-3-benzylmercapto-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]-triazin-8(7H-one (4, molecular formula C11H10N6OS, was obtained by the reaction of3-amino-2-benzyl-6-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H-one (3 with carbon disulfide in awater/pyridine mixture. Compound 4 can also be synthesized by reacting6-amino-3(2Hmercapto-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-8(7H-one (7 with benzylbromide in methanolic ammonia water. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinicspace group P21/c with a = 7.2926(15, b = 14.456(2, c = 11.436(2 å, β = 105.30(2°, V= 1162.9(4 å3 and Z = 4, resulting in a density Dcalc of 1.567 g/cm3. Molecules of 4 arelinked by extensive intermolecular N-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonding [graph set R22 (9]. The structure is further stabilized by π-π stacking interactions. 2

  14. Reactive wetting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by molten Al 4043 and 6061 alloys at 600-700 C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lin, Qiaoli; Li, Fuxiang; Jin, Peng; Yu, Weiyuan [Lanzhou Univ. of Technology (China). State Key Lab. of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal

    2017-06-15

    Wetting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by two industrial grade Al alloys (i.e., Al 6061 and 4043 alloys) was studied using the sessile drop method at 600-700 C under high vacuum. Al/Ti-6Al-4V is a typical reactive wetting system with good final wettability accompanied by the formation of precursor film which is actually an extended reaction layer. The formation mechanism for the precursor film is ''subcutaneous infiltration''. The small amount of alloying element Si in the alloys can cause significant segregation at the liquid/solid interface which satisfies the thermodynamic condition. The wetting behavior can be described by the classic reaction product control models, and Ti{sub 7}Al{sub 5}Si{sub 12} decomposition and Al{sub 3}Ti formation correspond to the two spreading stages. The small difference in alloying elements in Al 6061 and 4043 resulted in distinctly different interface structures, formation of precursor film and spreading dynamics, especially for the Si segregation at the interface.

  15. Measurement of the 115In(n,γ)116 m In reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lawriniang, Bioletty Mary; Badwar, Sylvia; Ghosh, Reetuparna; Jyrwa, Betylda; Vansola, Vibha; Naik, Haladhara; Goswami, Ashok; Naik, Yeshwant; Datrik, Chandra Shekhar; Gupta, Amit Kumar; Singh, Vijay Pal; Pol, Sudir Shibaji; Subramanyam, Nagaraju Balabenkata; Agarwal, Arun; Singh, Pitambar

    2015-08-01

    The 115In(n,γ)116 m In reaction cross section at neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV was determined by using an activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The monoenergetic neutron energies of 1.12 - 4.12 MeV were generated from the 7Li(p,n) reaction by using proton beam with energies of 3 and 4 MeV from the folded tandem ion beam accelerator (FOTIA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and with energies of 5 and 6 MeV from the Pelletron facility at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. The 197Au(n,γ)198Au reaction cross-section was used as the neutron flux monitor.The 115In(n,γ)116 m In reaction cross section at neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV was determined by using an activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The monoenergetic neutron energies of 1.12 - 4.12 MeV were generated from the 7Li(p,n) reaction by using proton beam with energies of 3 and 4 MeV from the folded tandem ion beam accelerator (FOTIA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and with energies of 5 and 6 MeV from the Pelletron facility at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai. The 197Au(n,γ)198 Au reaction cross-section was used as the neutron flux monitor. The 115In(n,γ)116 m In reaction cross-sections at neutron energies of 1.12 - 4.12 MeV were compared with the literature data and were found to be in good agreement with one set of data, but not with others. The 115In(n,γ)116 m In cross-section was also calculated theoretically by using the computer code TALYS 1.6 and was found to be slightly lower than the experimental data from the present work and the literature.)198Au reaction cross-section was used as the neutron flux monitor. The 115In(n,γ)116 m In reaction cross-sections at neutron energies of 1.12 - 4.12 MeV were compared with the literature data and were found to be in good agreement with one set of data, but not with others. The 115In(n,γ)116 m In cross-section was also calculated

  16. Characteristics of Resistance Spot Welded Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Sheets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xinge Zhang

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is applied extensively in the aviation, aerospace, jet engine, and marine industries owing to its strength-to-weight ratio, excellent high-temperature properties and corrosion resistance. In order to extend the application range, investigations on welding characteristics of Ti6Al4V alloy using more welding methods are required. In the present study, Ti6Al4V alloy sheets were joined using resistance spot welding, and the weld nugget formation, mechanical properties (including tensile strength and hardness, and microstructure features of the resistance spot-welded joints were analyzed and evaluated. The visible indentations on the weld nugget surfaces caused by the electrode force and the surface expulsion were severe due to the high welding current. The weld nugget width at the sheets’ faying surface was mainly affected by the welding current and welding time, and the welded joint height at weld nugget center was chiefly associated with electrode force. The maximum tensile load of welded joint was up to 14.3 kN in the pullout failure mode. The hardness of the weld nugget was the highest because of the coarse acicular α′ structure, and the hardness of the heat-affected zone increased in comparison to the base metal due to the transformation of the β phase to some fine acicular α′ phase.

  17. Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of in-situ synthesized TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al intermetallic composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Hongxi, E-mail: piiiliuhx@sina.com; Zhang, Xiaowei; Jiang, Yehua; Zhou, Rong

    2016-06-15

    High temperature anti-oxidation TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al intermetallic composite coatings were fabricated with the powder and AlN powder on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface by 6 kW transverse-flow CO{sub 2} laser apparatus. The chemical composition, morphology and microstructure of the TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al composite coatings were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al coating, the isothermal oxidation test was performed in a high temperature resistance furnace at 600 °C and 800 °C, respectively. The result shows that the composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of TiN primary phase (granular-like, flake-like or dendrites), with an even distribution in Ti{sub 3}Al matrix. It indicates that a physical and chemical reaction between Ti powder and AlN powder has completely occurred under the laser irradiation condition. In addition, the microhardness of the TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic composite coating is 3.4 times higher than that of the Ti6Al4V alloy substrate and reaches 844 HV{sub 0.2}. The high temperature oxidation behavior test reveals that the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al composite coating is much better than that of titanium alloy substrate. The excellent high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al intermetallic composite coating is attributed to the formation of reinforced phases TiN, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiO{sub 2}. The laser cladding TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al intermetallic composite coating is anticipated to be a promising high temperature oxidation resistance coating for Ti6Al4V alloy. - Highlights: • In-situ TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al composite coating was synthesized on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding. • The influence of Ti and AlN molar ratio on the microstructure of the coating was studied. • The TiN/Ti{sub 3}Al intermetallic

  18. Adhesion measurement of highly-ordered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Masoud Sarraf

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Self-assembled nanotubular arrays on Ti alloys could be used for more effective implantable devices in various medical approaches. In the present work, the adhesion of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs on Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64 was investigated by laser spallation and scratch test techniques. At first, electrochemical anodization was performed in an ammonium fluoride solution dissolved in a 90:10 ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol and water solvent mixture. This process was performed at room temperature (23 °C at a steady potential of 60 V for 1 h. Next, the TiO2 nanotubes layer was heat-treated to improve the adhesion of the coating. The formation of selforganized TiO2 nanotubes as well as the microstructural evolution, are strongly dependent on the processing parameters and subsequent annealing. From microscopic analysis, highly oriented arrays of TiO2 nanotubes were grown by thermal treatment for 90 min at 500 °C. Further heat treatment above 500 °C led to the detachment of the nanotubes and the complete destruction of the nanotubes occurred at temperature above 700 °C. Scratch test analysis over a constant scratch length (1000 µm indicated that the failure point was shifted from 247.4 to 557.9 µm while the adhesion strength was increased from ∼862 to ∼1814 mN after annealing at 500 °C. The adhesion measurement determined by laser spallation technique provided an intrinsic adhesion strength of 51.4 MPa for the TiO2 nanotubes on the Ti64 substrate.

  19. Thermophysical Properties of Solid and Liquid Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boivineau, M.; Cagran, C.; Doytier, D.; Eyraud, V.; Nadal, M.-H.; Wilthan, B.; Pottlacher, G.

    2006-03-01

    Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) titanium alloy is widely used in industrial applications such as aeronautic and aerospace due to its good mechanical properties at high temperatures. Experiments on two different resistive pulse heating devices (CEA Valduc and TU-Graz) have been carried out in order to study thermophysical properties (such as electrical resistivity, volume expansion, heat of fusion, heat capacity, normal spectral emissivity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity) of both solid and liquid Ti-6Al-4V. Fast time-resolved measurements of current, voltage, and surface radiation and shadowgraphs of the volume have been undertaken. At TU-Graz, a fast laser polarimeter has been used for determining the emissivity of liquid Ti-6Al-4V at 684.5 nm and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) for measuring the heat capacity of solid Ti-6Al-4V. This study deals with the specific behavior of the different solid phase transitions (effect of heating rate) and the melting region, and emphasizes the liquid state ( T > 2000 K).

  20. In situ synthesized TiB-TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite coatings: microstructure, tribological and in-vitro biocompatibility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Das, Mitun; Bhattacharya, Kaushik; Dittrick, Stanley A; Mandal, Chitra; Balla, Vamsi Krishna; Sampath Kumar, T S; Bandyopadhyay, Amit; Manna, Indranil

    2014-01-01

    Wear resistant TiB-TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite coatings were deposited on Ti substrate using laser based additive manufacturing technology. Ti6Al4V alloy powder premixed with 5wt% and 15wt% of boron nitride (BN) powder was used to synthesize TiB-TiN reinforcements in situ during laser deposition. Influences of laser power, scanning speed and concentration of BN on the microstructure, mechanical, in vitro tribological and biological properties of the coatings were investigated. Microstructural analysis of the composite coatings showed that the high temperature generated due to laser interaction with Ti6Al4V alloy and BN results in situ formation of TiB and TiN phases. With increasing BN concentration, from 5wt% to 15wt%, the Young's modulus of the composite coatings, measured by nanoindentation, increased from 170±5GPa to 204±14GPa. In vitro tribological tests showed significant increase in the wear resistance with increasing BN concentration. Under identical test conditions TiB-TiN composite coatings with 15wt% BN exhibited an order of magnitude less wear rate than CoCrMo alloy-a common material for articulating surfaces of orthopedic implants. Average top surface hardness of the composite coatings increased from 543±21HV to 877±75HV with increase in the BN concentration. In vitro biocompatibility and flow cytometry study showed that these composite coatings were non-toxic, exhibit similar cell-materials interactions and biocompatibility as that of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) samples. In summary, excellent in vitro wear resistance, high stiffness and suitable biocompatibility make these composite coatings as a potential material for load-bearing articulating surfaces towards orthopaedic implants. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of the Ni2(C4H4N2)(V4O12)(H2O)2 and Ni3(C4H4N2)3(V8O23) inorganic-organic hybrid compounds. Thermal, spectroscopic and magnetic studies of the hydrated phase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Larrea, Edurne S.; Mesa, Jose L.; Pizarro, Jose L.; Arriortua, Maria I.; Rojo, Teofilo

    2007-01-01

    Ni 2 (C 4 H 4 N 2 )(V 4 O 12 )(H 2 O) 2 , 1, and Ni 3 (C 4 H 4 N 2 ) 3 (V 8 O 23 ), 2, have been synthesized using mild hydrothermal conditions at 170 deg. C under autogenous pressure. Both phases crystallize in the P-1 triclinic space group, with the unit-cell parameters, a=7.437(7), b=7.571(3), c=7.564(4) A, α=65.64(4), β=76.09(4), γ=86.25(3) o for 1 and a=8.566(2), b=9.117(2), c=12.619(3) A, α=71.05(2), β=83.48(4), γ=61.32(3) o for 2, being Z=2 for both compounds. The crystal structure of the three-dimensional 1 is constructed from layers linked between them through the pyrazine molecules. The sheets are formed by edge-shared [Ni 2 O 6 (H 2 O) 2 N 2 ] nickel(II) dimers octahedra and rings composed by four [V 4 O 12 ] vanadium(V) tetrahedra linked through vertices. The crystal structure of 2 is formed from vertex shared [VO 4 ] tetrahedra that give rise to twelve member rings. [NiO 4 (C 4 H 4 N 2 ) 2 ] ∞ chains, resulting from [NiO 4 N 2 ] octahedra and pyrazine molecules, give rise to a 3D skeleton when connecting to [VO 4 ] tetrahedra. Diffuse reflectance measurements of 1 indicate a slightly distorted octahedral geometry with values of Dq=880, B=980 and C=2700 cm -1 . Magnetic measurements of 1, carried out in the 5.0-300 K range, indicate the existence of antiferromagnetic couplings with a Neel temperature near to 38 K. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of a sheet of Ni 2 (C 4 H 4 N 2 )(V 4 O 12 )(H 2 O) 2

  2. Microstructure and high-temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy surface by laser cladding

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xiaowei; Liu, Hongxi; Wang, Chuanqi; Zeng, Weihua; Jiang, Yehua

    2010-11-01

    A high-temperature oxidation resistant TiN embedded in Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating was fabricated on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V surface by 6kW transverse-flow CO2 laser apparatus. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the laser clad TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to evaluate the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the composite coatings and the titanium alloy substrate, isothermal oxidation test was performed in a conventional high-temperature resistance furnace at 600°C and 800°C respectively. The result shows that the laser clad intermetallic composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of TiN primary phase (granular-like, flake-like, and dendrites), and uniformly distributed in the Ti3Al matrix. It indicates that a physical and chemical reaction between the Ti powder and AlN powder occurred completely under the laser irradiation. In addition, the microhardness of the TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating is 844HV0.2, 3.4 times higher than that of the titanium alloy substrate. The high-temperature oxidation resistance test reveals that TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating results in the better modification of high-temperature oxidation behavior than the titanium substrate. The excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding layer is attributed to the formation of the reinforced phase TiN and Al2O3, TiO2 hybrid oxide. Therefore, the laser cladding TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating is anticipated to be a promising oxidation resistance surface modification technique for Ti6Al4V alloy.

  3. Quijarroite, Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12, a New Selenide from the El Dragόn Mine, Bolivia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans-Jürgen Förster

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Quijarroite, ideally Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12, is a new selenide species from the El Dragόn mine, Department of Potosí, Bolivia. It most frequently occurs as lath-shaped thin plates (up to 150 µm in length and 20 µm in width intimately (subparallel intergrown with hansblockite, forming an angular network-like intersertal texture. Quijarroite is occasionally also present as sub- to anhedral grains up to 200 µm in length and 50 µm in width. It is non-fluorescent, black and opaque with a metallic luster and black streak. It is brittle, with an irregular fracture and no obvious cleavage and parting. In plane-polarized incident light, quijarroite is weakly pleochroic from cream to very slightly more brownish-cream, displaying no internal reflections. Between crossed polars, quijarroite is moderately anisotropic with pale orange-brown to blue rotation tints. Lamellar twinning on {110} is common; parquet twinning occurs rarely. The reflectance values in the air for the COM (Commission on Ore Mineralogy standard wavelengths (R1 and R2 are: 46.7, 46.8 (470 nm, 47.4, 48.2 (546 nm, 47.1, 48.5 (589 nm, and 46.6, 48.7 (650 nm. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded a mean composition of Cu 13.34, Ag 1.02, Hg 7.67, Pb 16.87, Co 0.03, Ni 0.15, Bi 27.65, Se 33.52, total 100.24 wt %. The mean empirical formula, normalized to 25 apfu (atoms per formula unit, is (Cu5.84Ag0.26Σ = 6.10(Hg1.06Ni0.07Co0.01Σ = 1.14Pb2.27Bi3.68Se11.81 (n = 24. The simplified formula is Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12. Quijarroite is orthorhombic, space group Pmn21, with a = 9.2413(8, b = 9.0206(7, c = 9.6219(8 Å, V = 802.1(1 Å3, Z = 1. The calculated density is 5.771 g·cm−3. The five strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines (d in Å (I/I0 (hkl are: 5.36 (55 (111, 3.785 (60 (211, 3.291 (90 (022, 3.125 (100 (212, and 2.312 (50 (400. The crystal structure of quijarroite can be considered a galena derivative and could be derived from that of bournonite. It is a primary mineral, deposited from an

  4. Effect of agressive medium movement of local corrosion of the steel - 12Kh18N10T

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Makartsev, V.V.; Pakhomov, V.S.; Abramova, I.M.

    1980-01-01

    The effect of agressive medium movement on the formation of pitting corrosion of the 12Kh18N10T stainless steel in the acidic chloride-nitrate solution at room temperature is studied. It is established that the agressive medium movement hinders the formation of pitting corrosion at potentials more negative than +0.4 V and practically does not affect it at more positive potentials. The investigations have been carried out on a disc electrode rotating at a speed from 0 to 2000 rot./min

  5. Key improvements in machining of Ti6al4v alloy: A review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Katta, Sivakoteswararao; Chaitanya, G.

    2017-07-01

    Now a days the use of ti-6al-4v alloy is high in demand in many industries like aero space, bio medical automobile, space, military etc. the production rates in the industries are not sufficient because the machiniability of ti-6al-4v is the main problem, there are several cutting tools available for metal cutting operations still there is a gap in finding the proper cutting tool material for machining of ti-6al-4v. because the properties of titanium like high heat resistant, low thermal conductivity, low weight ratio, less corrosiveness, and more many properties attracting the industrialists to use titanium as their material for their products, many researchers done the research on machininbility of ti-6al-4v by using different tool materials. but as for my literature survey there is still lot of scope is available, to find better cutting tool with techniques for machining ti-6al-4v. in this paper iam discussing the work done by various researchers on ti-6al-4v alloy with different techniques.

  6. Multiresponse optimization of cryogenic drilling on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using topsis method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ahmed, L. Shakeel; Kumar, M. Pradeep [Anna University, Chennai (India)

    2016-04-15

    Multiresponse optimization of process parameters in drilling is focused in this article using the TOPSIS technique to obtain minimum cutting temperature (T), thrust force (Ft), torque (Mt) and surface roughness (Ra), Circularity (Cir), Cylindricity (Cyl). The experiments were performed on Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in different cooling environments: Wet cooling and cryogenic cooling conditions. Liquid nitrogen (LN{sub 2} ) as a coolant is used in cryogenic machining. The control factors selected were machining environments, cutting speed (Vc) and feed rate (f). Eighteen experiments were conducted in wet and cryogenic LN2 conditions based on L{sub 1}8 orthogonal array, respectively. The optimization results indicate drilling at V{sub c} = 40 m/min and f = 0.02 mm/rev which is of the lowest value in cryogenic LN{sub 2} condition. A better performance is achieved too. The optimum multiresponses show that TOPSIS method is the most effective performance in the drilling process.

  7. Multiresponse optimization of cryogenic drilling on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using topsis method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahmed, L. Shakeel; Kumar, M. Pradeep

    2016-01-01

    Multiresponse optimization of process parameters in drilling is focused in this article using the TOPSIS technique to obtain minimum cutting temperature (T), thrust force (Ft), torque (Mt) and surface roughness (Ra), Circularity (Cir), Cylindricity (Cyl). The experiments were performed on Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in different cooling environments: Wet cooling and cryogenic cooling conditions. Liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) as a coolant is used in cryogenic machining. The control factors selected were machining environments, cutting speed (Vc) and feed rate (f). Eighteen experiments were conducted in wet and cryogenic LN2 conditions based on L 1 8 orthogonal array, respectively. The optimization results indicate drilling at V c = 40 m/min and f = 0.02 mm/rev which is of the lowest value in cryogenic LN 2 condition. A better performance is achieved too. The optimum multiresponses show that TOPSIS method is the most effective performance in the drilling process

  8. STUDY OF THERMAL BEHAVIOUR ON TITANIUM ALLOYS (TI-6AL-4V

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VASUDEVAN D

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Titanium is recognized for its strategic importance as a unique lightweight, high strength alloyed structurally efficient metal for critical, high-performance aircraft, such as jet engine and airframe components. Titanium is called as the "space age metal" and is recognized for its high strength-to-weight ratio. Today, titanium alloys are common, readily available engineered metals that compete directly with stainless steel and Specialty steels, copper alloys, nickel based alloys and composites. Titanium alloys are needed to be heat treated in order to reduce residual stress developed during fabrication and to increase the strength. Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V alloy is an alpha, beta alloy which is solution treated at a temperature of 950 ºC to attain beta phase. This beta phase is maintained by quenching and subsequent aging to increase strength. Thermal cycling process was carried out for Ti-6Al-4V specimens using forced air cooling. Heat treated titanium alloy specimen was used to carry out various tests before and after thermal cycling, The test, like tensile properties, co-efficient of thermal expansion, Microstructure, Compression test, Vickers Hardness was examined by the following test. Coefficient of Thermal expansion was measured using Dilatometer. Tensile test was carried out at room temperature using an Instron type machine. Vickers's hardness measurement was done on the same specimen as used for the microstructural observation from near the surface to the inside specimen. Compression test was carried out at room temperature using an Instron type machine. Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy is a workhorse of titanium industry; it accounts for about 60 percent of the total titanium alloy production. The high cost of titanium makes net shape manufacturing routes very attractive. Casting is a near net shape manufacturing route that offers significant cost advantages over forgings or complicated machined parts.

  9. Composition of the spheroidal objects in KhN77TYuR-VD alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kotkis, M.A.; Nabutovskii, L.S.; Ostrov, A.E.; Zil'berman, A.G.

    1986-01-01

    The authors make an element analysis of the spheroidal objects in KhN77TYuR-VD alloy with the use of the energy dispersion microanalyzer with which the Stereoscan S-180 scanning electron microscope is equipped. Examples of the qualitative element analysis are shown. The results of the investigations show that the composition of the spheroidal inclusions includes nickel, chromium, titanium, iron, and also silicon and sulfur. The information obtained makes it possible to make an assumption on the mechanism of origin of these objects

  10. Are new TiNbZr alloys potential substitutes of the Ti6Al4V alloy for dental applications? An electrochemical corrosion study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ribeiro, Ana Lúcia Roselino; Hammer, Peter; Vaz, Luís Geraldo; Rocha, Luís Augusto

    2013-12-01

    The main aim of this work was to assess the electrochemical behavior of new Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti35Nb10Zr alloys in artificial saliva at 37 °C to verify if they are indicated to be used as biomaterials in dentistry as alternatives to Ti6Al4V alloys in terms of corrosion protection efficiency of the material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried out for different periods of time (0.5-216 h) in a three-electrode cell, where the working electrode (Ti alloys) was exposed to artificial saliva at 37 °C. The near-surface region of the alloys was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All alloys exhibited an increase in corrosion potential with the immersion time, indicating the growth and stabilization of the passive film. Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti6Al4V alloys had their EIS results interpreted by a double-layer circuit, while the Ti35Nb10Zr alloy was modeled by a one-layer circuit. In general, the new TiNbZr alloys showed similar behavior to that observed for the Ti6Al4V. XPS results suggest, in the case of the TiNbZr alloys, the presence of a thicker passive layer containing a lower fraction of TiO2 phase than that of Ti6Al4V. After long-term immersion, all alloys develop a calcium phosphate phase on the surface. The new TiNbZr alloys appear as potential candidates to be used as a substitute to Ti6Al4V in the manufacturing of dental implant-abutment sets.

  11. Effect of ageing treatment on the microstructure and hardness of the Ti6Al4V Alloy

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Masete, S

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Forum Vols. 828-829 (2015) pp 194-199 Effect of Ageing Treatment on the Microstructure and Hardness of the Ti6Al4V Alloy MASETE Stephen1,2,a *, MUTOMBO Kalenda1,2,b SIYASIYA Charles2,c and STUMPF Waldo2,d 1Materials Science and Manufacturing..., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa 2Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa aSMasete@csir.co.za, bKMutombo@csir.co.za, cCharles...

  12. Osteogenic potential of a novel microarc oxidized coating formed on Ti6Al4V alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yaping; Lou, Jin; Zeng, Lilan; Xiang, Junhuai; Zhang, Shufang; Wang, Jun; Xiong, Fucheng; Li, Chenglin; Zhao, Ying; Zhang, Rongfa

    2017-08-01

    In order to improve the biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V alloys are processed by micro arc oxidation (MAO) in a novel electrolyte of phytic acid, a natural organic phosphorus-containing matter. The MAO coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cytocompatibility of Ti6A14V alloys before and after MAO were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the fabricated MAO coatings were composed of rutile, anatase, TiP2O7 as well as some OH- groups, exhibiting the excellent hydrophilicity and a porous structure with small micro pores. No cytotoxicity towards MC3T3-E1cells was observed in this study. In particular, MAO treated Ti6Al4V alloys presented comparable cell adhesion and proliferation as well as significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and collagen secretion in comparison with the untreated control. The results suggest that the Ti6Al4V alloys treated by MAO in phytic acid can be used as implants for orthopaedic applications, providing a simple and practical method to widen clinical acceptance of titanium alloys.

  13. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine as a PET tracer for oncologic imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Caihua; Nie, Dahong; Tang, Ganghua; Gao, Siyuan; Liu, Shaoyu; Wen, Fuhua; Tang, Xiaolan

    2017-07-01

    Several 11 C and 18 F labeled 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) analogues have been used for neurologic and oncologic diseases, especially for brain tumors and neuroendocrine tumors PET imaging. However, 18 F-labeled N-substituted l-DOPA analogues have not been reported so far. In the current study, radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of a new 18 F-labeled l-DOPA analogue, N-(2-[ 18 F]fluoropropionyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine ([ 18 F]FPDOPA) for tumor PET imaging are performed. The synthesis of [ 18 F]FPDOPA was via a two-step reaction sequence from 4-nitrophenyl-2-[ 18 F]fluoropropionate ([ 18 F]NFP). The biodistribution of [ 18 F]FPDOPA was determined in normal Kunming mice. In vitro competitive inhibition and protein incorporation experiments were performed with SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. PET/CT studies of [ 18 F]FPDOPA were conducted in C6 rat glioma and SPC-A-1 human lung adenocarcinoma and H460 human large cell lung cancer-bearing nude mice. [ 18 F]FPDOPA was prepared with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 28±5% and a specific activity of 50±15GBq/μmol (n=10) within 125min. In vitro cell experiments showed that [ 18 F]FPDOPA uptake in SPC-A-1 cells was primarily transported through Na + -independent system L, with Na + -dependent system B 0,+ and system ASC partly involved in it. Biodistribution data in mice showed that renal-bladder route was the main excretory system of [ 18 F]FPDOPA. PET imaging demonstrated intense accumulation of [ 18 F]FPDOPA in several tumor xenografts, with (8.50±0.40)%ID/g in C6 glioma, (6.30±0.12)%ID/g in SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma, and (6.50±0.10)%ID/g in H460 large cell lung cancer, respectively. A novel N-substituted 18 F-labeled L-DOPA analogue [ 18 F]FPDOPA is synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results support that [ 18 F]FPDOPA seems to be a potential PET tracer for tumor imaging, especially be a better potential PET tracer than [ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([ 18 F

  14. Interpretation of the Friction Coefficient During Reciprocating Sliding of Ti6Al4V Alloy Against Al2O3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Mitrovic

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Tribological behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy, during linear reciprocating sliding against alumina, at nanotribometer (ball-on-flat type of contact was investigated. Experiments were carried out for sliding in Ringer's solution, over a range of loads (100 - 1000 mN and speeds (4 - 12 mm/s. Friction behaviour of the contact pairs was investigated by analysis of the dynamic friction coefficient plots and effective root mean square (rms coefficient of friction, COFrms. Presented mathematical envelopes of dynamic coefficient of friction curves and averaged envelope signals provided additional explanation of one calculated COFrms value. Envelopes of dynamic coefficient of friction enabled easier determination of different periods during sliding, which were further related to wear mechanisms.

  15. Biocorrosion of TiO2 nanoparticle coating of Ti-6Al-4V in DMEM under specific in vitro conditions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Höhn, Sarah; Virtanen, Sannakaisa

    2015-02-01

    A TiO2 nanoparticle coating was prepared on a biomedical Ti-6Al-4V alloy using "spin-coating" technique with a colloidal suspension of TiO2 nanopowders with the aim to optimize the surface morphology (e.g., roughness) for improved biocompatibility. The influence of a TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) coating on the corrosion behavior, metal ion release, and biomimetic apatite formation was studied in DMEM, at 37.5 °C with a continuous supply of 5% CO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate a formation of a new layer on the surface of the NP-coated sample upon 28 days immersion in DMEM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy confirm that the surface of the NP-coated Ti-6Al-4V shows a complete coverage by a Ca-phosphate layer in contrast to the non-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Hence, the TiO2-NP coating strongly enhances biomimetic apatite formation on the alloy surface. In addition, the TiO2-NP coating can efficiently reduce Al-release from the alloy, for which the bare Ti-6Al-4V alloy is significant for at least 28 days of immersion in DMEM.

  16. Osteogenic potential of a novel microarc oxidized coating formed on Ti6Al4V alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Yaping [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Lou, Jin [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China); Zeng, Lilan [Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Xiang, Junhuai; Zhang, Shufang; Wang, Jun; Xiong, Fucheng; Li, Chenglin [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China); Zhao, Ying, E-mail: ying.zhao@siat.ac.cn [Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055 (China); Zhang, Rongfa, E-mail: rfzhang-10@163.com [School of Materials and Electromechanics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038 (China)

    2017-08-01

    Highlights: • Phytic acid is used as the MAO electrolyte of titanium alloys. • MAO coatings are composed of rutile, anatase, TiP{sub 2}O{sub 7} and some OH{sup −} groups. • The MAO samples present excellent in vitro cytocompatibility. - Abstract: In order to improve the biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V alloys are processed by micro arc oxidation (MAO) in a novel electrolyte of phytic acid, a natural organic phosphorus-containing matter. The MAO coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cytocompatibility of Ti6A14V alloys before and after MAO were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the fabricated MAO coatings were composed of rutile, anatase, TiP{sub 2}O{sub 7} as well as some OH{sup −} groups, exhibiting the excellent hydrophilicity and a porous structure with small micro pores. No cytotoxicity towards MC3T3-E1cells was observed in this study. In particular, MAO treated Ti6Al4V alloys presented comparable cell adhesion and proliferation as well as significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and collagen secretion in comparison with the untreated control. The results suggest that the Ti6Al4V alloys treated by MAO in phytic acid can be used as implants for orthopaedic applications, providing a simple and practical method to widen clinical acceptance of titanium alloys.

  17. Are new TiNbZr alloys potential substitutes of the Ti6Al4V alloy for dental applications? An electrochemical corrosion study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ribeiro, Ana Lúcia Roselino; Hammer, Peter; Vaz, Luís Geraldo; Rocha, Luís Augusto

    2013-01-01

    The main aim of this work was to assess the electrochemical behavior of new Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti35Nb10Zr alloys in artificial saliva at 37 °C to verify if they are indicated to be used as biomaterials in dentistry as alternatives to Ti6Al4V alloys in terms of corrosion protection efficiency of the material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried out for different periods of time (0.5–216 h) in a three-electrode cell, where the working electrode (Ti alloys) was exposed to artificial saliva at 37 °C. The near-surface region of the alloys was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All alloys exhibited an increase in corrosion potential with the immersion time, indicating the growth and stabilization of the passive film. Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti6Al4V alloys had their EIS results interpreted by a double-layer circuit, while the Ti35Nb10Zr alloy was modeled by a one-layer circuit. In general, the new TiNbZr alloys showed similar behavior to that observed for the Ti6Al4V. XPS results suggest, in the case of the TiNbZr alloys, the presence of a thicker passive layer containing a lower fraction of TiO 2  phase than that of Ti6Al4V. After long-term immersion, all alloys develop a calcium phosphate phase on the surface. The new TiNbZr alloys appear as potential candidates to be used as a substitute to Ti6Al4V in the manufacturing of dental implant-abutment sets. (paper)

  18. Ceramic tantalum oxide thin film coating to enhance the corrosion and wear characteristics of Ti−6Al−4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rahmati, B., E-mail: r.bijan@yahoo.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Sarhan, Ahmed A.D., E-mail: ah_sarhan@um.edu.my [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Basirun, W. Jeffrey [Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Abas, W.A.B.W. [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)

    2016-08-15

    In this research, an attempt is made to study the corrosion and wear behavior of TaO{sub 2} thin film coating deposited onto Ti−6Al−4V alloy with the highest adhesion (was achieved in the author's previous experiments using Taguchi statistical method) which leads to increase corrosion resistance, decrease debris generation and improve durability. Accordingly, pure tantalum (Ta) was deposited onto Ti−6Al−4V substrate surface as intermetallic layer then to form a TaO{sub 2} thin film, Ta was deposited onto the sample surface in the presence of oxygen by using physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering (PVDMS). Corrosion testing was carried out in fetal bovine serum (FBS). The corrosion test in FBS medium confirmed that the corrosion resistance of the TaO{sub 2} – coated Ti−6Al−4V alloys was significantly higher than the uncoated Ti−6Al−4V substrate due to the decrease in corrosion current density (I{sub corr}) for the coated substrate with high thin-film adhesion. Wear testing was carried out on uncoated and coated Ti−6Al−4V substrates in the presence of FBS medium under 15 N load (natural walking load) at 1.09 m/s (simulated medium walking speed). The tests revealed that the specific wear ratio of TaO{sub 2} coating was significantly lower than the uncoated substrate wear ratio. The average friction coefficients obtained were 0.183 and 0.152 for uncoated substrate and TaO{sub 2} thin film coating, respectively. So, due to the noticeable corrosion and wear resistance characteristics of the TaO{sub 2} coating, it is suggested for hip joint implant. - Highlights: • The TaO{sub 2} coating has been created onto the Ti−6Al−4V surface by using PVDMS method. • The TaO{sub 2} coating has been formed on the Ti−6Al−4V sample at the highest adhesion. • The corrosion resistance of the coated Ti−6Al−4V substrate has been improved. • The wear resistance of the coated Ti−6Al−4V substrate has been increased. • The durability

  19. Crystal structure of difluorochloronium hexafluoroniobate and hexafluorotantalate, ClF2NbF6 and ClF2TaF6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ehllern, A.M.; Antipin, M.Yu.; Sharabarin, A.V.; Struchkov, Yu.T.

    1991-01-01

    Crystal structure of ClF 2 NbF 6 (1) and ClF 2 TaF 6 (2) were investigated by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis. Salts 1 and 2 are isostructural, crystals are rhombic: a = 9.981(2) and 10.049(2), b = 5.781(1) and 5.775(1), c = 10.552(2) and 10.670(2) A, V = 608.9(3) and 619.2(3) A 3 , Z = 4, d calcd 3.058 and 3.952 g/cm 3 , sp. gr. Pcca. Both salts are characterized by ionic structure. Bond lengths and valent angles, general view of 1 crystal structure are presented

  20. Comparison between PIII superficial treatment and ceramic coating in creep test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reis, D.A.P.; Moura Neto, C.; Silva, M.M.; Ueda, M.; Oliveira, V.S.; Couto, A.A.

    2009-01-01

    The objective of this work was evaluating the creep resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with superficial treatment of PIII superficial treatment and ceramic coating in creep test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It was used Ti-6Al-4V alloy as cylindrical bars under forged and annealing of 190 deg C by 6 hours condition and cooled by air. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy after the superficial treatment of PIII and ceramic coating was submitted to creep tests at 600°C and 250 and 319 MPa under constant load mode. In the PIII treatment the samples was put in a vacuum reactor (76 x 10 -3 Pa) and implanted by nitrogen ions in time intervals between 15 and 120 minutes. Yttria (8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was atmospherically plasma sprayed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by Sulzer Metco Type 9 MB. The obtained results suggest the ceramic coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy improved its creep resistance. (author)

  1. A new insight into high-strength Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8 alloys with bimodal microstructure fabricated by semi-solid sintering.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, L H; Yang, C; Kang, L M; Qu, S G; Li, X Q; Zhang, W W; Chen, W P; Li, Y Y; Li, P J; Zhang, L C

    2016-03-31

    It is well known that semi-solid forming could only obtain coarse-grained microstructure in a few alloy systems with a low melting point, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys. This work presents that semi-solid forming could also produce novel bimodal microstructure composed of nanostructured matrix and micro-sized (CoFe)Ti2 twins in a titanium alloy, Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8. The semi-solid sintering induced by eutectic transformation to form a bimodal microstructure in Ti62Nb12.2Fe13.6Co6.4Al5.8 alloy is a fundamentally different approach from other known methods. The fabricated alloy exhibits high yield strength of 1790 MPa and plastic strain of 15.5%. The novel idea provides a new insight into obtaining nano-grain or bimodal microstructure in alloy systems with high melting point by semi-solid forming and into fabricating high-performance metallic alloys in structural applications.

  2. The Tribological Performance of Surface Treated Ti6A14V as Sliding Against Si3N4 Ball and 316L Stainless Steel Cylinder

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kao, W. H.; Su, Y. L.; Horng, J. H.; Huang, H. C.

    2016-12-01

    Closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering was used to deposit diamond-like carbon (Ti-C:H) coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy and gas nitrided Ti6Al4V alloy. Four different specimens were prepared, namely untreated Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti6Al4V), gas nitrided Ti6Al4V alloy (N-Ti6Al4V), Ti-C:H-coated Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti-C:H/Ti6Al4V) and Ti-C:H-coated gas nitrided Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti-C:H/N-Ti6Al4V). The tribological properties of the four specimens were evaluated using a reciprocating wear tester sliding against a Si3N4 ball (point contact mode) and 316L stainless steel cylinder (line contact mode). The wear tests were performed in a 0.89 wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that the nitriding treatment increased the surface roughness and hardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy and improved the wear resistance as a result. In addition, the Ti-C:H coating also improved the tribological performance of Ti6Al4V. For example, compared to the untreated Ti6Al4V sample, the Ti-C:H coating reduced the wear depth and friction coefficient by 340 times and 10 times, respectively, in the point contact wear mode, and 151 times and 9 times, respectively, in the line contact wear mode. It is thus inferred that diamond-like carbon coatings are of significant benefit in extending the service life of artificial biomedical implants.

  3. Wear behaviour of nitrogen-implanted and nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinella, R.; Giovanardi, S.; Chevallard, G.; Villani, M.; Molinari, A.; Tosello, C.

    1985-01-01

    The comparison between the wear behaviour of nitrogen-implanted Ti-6Al-4V alloy and that of nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy is reported. Both treatments were carried out at temperatures from 573 to 973 K on lapped surfaces; in order to compare roughness effects, nitriding was also carried out on rougher samples. An improvement in wear resistance for lapped surfaces was noted after implantation at 573 K or higher temperatures and after nitriding at temperatures over 773 K only; however, at 873 K, nitriding was more effective than implantation. Rough nitrided surfaces showed better wear resistance than lapped nitrided surfaces or lapped implanted surfaces. Most probably the improvement in wear resistance on implanted samples is due to a reduction in friction induced by chemical modification of the surface as a result of oxide and TiN. Scanning electron microscopy observations which show subsurface voids and coalescence are in good agreement with a wear model previously reported. As implantation preserves the surface finish, a possible application is suggested. (Auth.)

  4. Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang Dan

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods (chromium plating, TiAlN coating, surface polishing and nitriding treatment were applied to the H13 surfaces. Taking the coefficient of friction (CoF and the wear degree as evaluation indicators, the high-temperature tribological behavior of the surface modified H13 steel was experimentally investigated under different tribological conditions. The results of this study indicate that the tribological properties of the TiAlN coating under dry friction condition are better than the others for a wide range of temperature (from room temperature to 500 °C, while there is little difference of tribological properties between different surface modifications under graphite lubricated condition, and the variation law of CoF with temperature under graphite lubricated is opposite to that under the dry friction.

  5. Biocorrosion of TiO2 nanoparticle coating of Ti–6Al–4V in DMEM under specific in vitro conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Höhn, Sarah; Virtanen, Sannakaisa

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Possibility to fabricate a TiO 2 NP-coating on Ti–6Al–4V by a simple spin-coating method. • The NP-coating enhances biomimetic apatite formation on the surface immersed in DMEM. • The TiO 2 coating can efficiently reduce Al release from the alloy during immersion in DMEM. • TiO 2 NP-coating makes the surface more bioactive. - Abstract: A TiO 2 nanoparticle coating was prepared on a biomedical Ti–6Al–4V alloy using “spin-coating” technique with a colloidal suspension of TiO 2 nanopowders with the aim to optimize the surface morphology (e.g., roughness) for improved biocompatibility. The influence of a TiO 2 nanoparticle (NP) coating on the corrosion behavior, metal ion release, and biomimetic apatite formation was studied in DMEM, at 37.5 °C with a continuous supply of 5% CO 2 . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate a formation of a new layer on the surface of the NP-coated sample upon 28 days immersion in DMEM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy confirm that the surface of the NP-coated Ti–6Al–4V shows a complete coverage by a Ca–phosphate layer in contrast to the non-coated Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Hence, the TiO 2 -NP coating strongly enhances biomimetic apatite formation on the alloy surface. In addition, the TiO 2 -NP coating can efficiently reduce Al-release from the alloy, for which the bare Ti–6Al–4V alloy is significant for at least 28 days of immersion in DMEM

  6. Microstructure and erosive wear behaviors of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by plasma Ni alloying

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Z.X.; Wu, H.R.; Shan, X.L.; Lin, N.M.; He, Z.Y., E-mail: tyuthzy@126.com; Liu, X.P.

    2016-12-01

    Graphical abstract: The Ni modified layers were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by the plasma surface alloying technique. The surface and cross-section morphology, element concentration and phase composition were investigated by thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The cross-section nano-scale hardness of Ni modified layer was measured by nano indenter. The results showed that Ni modified layers exhibited triple layers structure and continuous gradient distribution of the concentration. From the surface to the matrix, they were 2 μm Ni deposition layer, 8 μm Ni-rich alloying layer including the phases of Ni{sub 3}Ti, NiTi, Ti{sub 2}Ni, AlNi{sub 3} and 24 μm Ni-poor alloying layer forming the solid solution of nickel. With increasing of the thickness of Ni modified layer, the microhardness increased first, reached the climax, then gradient decreased. The erosion tests were performed on the surface of the untreated and treated Ti6Al4V sample using MSE (Micro-slurry-jet Erosion) method. The experiment results showed that the wear rate of every layer showed different value, and the Ni-rich alloying layer was the lowest. The strengthening mechanism of Ni modified layer was also discussed. - Highlights: • The Ni modified layers were prepared by the plasma surface alloying technique. • Triple layers structure was prepared. • Using Micro-slurry-jet Erosion method. • The erosion rate of Ni modified layer experienced the process of descending first and then ascending. • Improvement of erosion resistance performance of Ni-rich alloying layer was prominent. The wear mechanism of Ni modified layer showed micro-cutting wearing. - Abstract: The Ni modified layers were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by the plasma surface alloying technique. The surface and cross-section morphology, element concentration and phase composition

  7. Crystal structure of tetraethylammonium chloride 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-diiodobenzene

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jasmine Viger-Gravel

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Equimolar quantities of tetraethylammonium chloride (Et4NCl and 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-diiodobenzene (o-DITFB or o-C6F4I2 have been co-crystallized in a solution of dichloromethane yielding a pure halogen-bonded compound, 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-diiodobenzene–tetraethyl ammonium chloride (2/1, Et4N+·Cl−·2C6F4I2, in the form of translucent needles. [(Et4NCl(o-C6F4I22] packs in the C2/c space group. The asymmetric unit includes one molecule of DITFB, one Et4N+ cation located on a twofold rotation axis, and one chloride anion also located on a twofold rotation symmetry axis. This compound has an interesting halogen-bonding environment surrounding the halide. Here, the chloride anion acts as a tetradentate halogen bond acceptor and forms a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, with I...Cl−...I angles of 80.891 (6 and 78.811 (11°, where two crystallographically distinct iodine atoms form halogen bonds with the chloride anion. Resulting from that square-pyramidal geometry are short contacts between some of the adjacent F atoms. Along the b axis, the halogen-bonding interaction results in a polymeric network, producing a sheet in which the two closest chloride ions are 7.8931 (6 Å apart. The Et4N+ cation alternates in columns with the halide ion. The expected short contacts (shorter than the sum of their van der Waals radii are observed for the halogen bonds [3.2191 (2 and 3.2968 (2 Å], as well as almost linear angles [170.953 (6 and 173.529 (6°].

  8. Total electron scattering cross sections of molecules containing H, C, N, O and F in the energy range 0.26.0 keV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gurung, Meera Devi; Ariyasinghe, W.M., E-mail: wickram_ariyasinghe@baylor.edu

    2017-03-15

    Based on the effective atomic total electron scattering cross sections (EATCS) of atoms in a molecular environment, a simple model is proposed to predict the total electron scattering cross sections (TCS) of H, C, N, O, and F containing molecules. The EATCS for these five atoms are reported for 0.26.0 keV energies. The predicted TCS by this model are compared with experimental TCS in the literature. The experimental TCS of CHF{sub 3}, C{sub 2}F{sub 4}, C{sub 2}F{sub 2}H{sub 2}, C{sub 4}F{sub 6}, and c-C{sub 4}F{sub 8} have been obtained for 0.24.5 keV electrons by measuring the attenuation of the electron beam through a gas cell.

  9. Corrosion kinetics and topography analysis of Ti–6Al–4V alloy subjected to different mouthwash solutions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Faverani, Leonardo Perez [Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jose Bonifacio, 1193, Aracatuba, São Paulo 16015-050 (Brazil); Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jose Bonifacio, 1193, Aracatuba, São Paulo 16015-050 (Brazil); Barao, Valentim Adelino Ricardo, E-mail: barao@fop.unicamp.br [Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903 (Brazil); Pires, Maria Flávia Araújo [Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jose Bonifacio, 1193, Aracatuba, São Paulo 16015-050 (Brazil); Yuan, Judy Chia-Chun; Sukotjo, Cortino [Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago-College of Dentistry, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612-7211 (United States); Mathew, Mathew T. [Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 West Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612-7211 (United States); Assunção, Wirley Gonçalves [Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jose Bonifacio, 1193, Aracatuba, São Paulo 16015-050 (Brazil)

    2014-10-01

    This study evaluated the corrosion kinetics and surface topography of Ti–6Al–4V alloy exposed to mouthwash solutions (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 0.053% cetylpyridinium chloride and 3% hydrogen peroxide) compared to artificial saliva (pH 6.5) (control). Twenty Ti–6Al–4V alloy disks were used and divided into 4 groups (n = 5). For the electrochemical assay, standard tests as open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied at baseline, 7 and 14 days after immersion in the solutions. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and profilometry (average roughness — R{sub a}) were used for surface characterization. Total weight loss of disks was calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide generated the lowest polarization resistance (R{sub p}) values for all periods (P < 0.05). For the capacitance (C{sub dl}), similar results were observed among groups at baseline (P = 0.098). For the 7 and 14-day periods, hydrogen peroxide promoted the highest C{sub dl} values (P < 0.0001). Hydrogen peroxide promoted expressive superficial changes and greater Ra values than the others (P < 0.0001). It could be concluded that solutions containing cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate might be the mouthwashes of choice during the post-operatory period of dental implants. However, hydrogen peroxide is counter-indicated in these situations. Further studies evaluating the dynamics of these solutions (tribocorrosion) and immersing the disks in daily cycles (two or three times a day) to mimic a clinical situation closest to the application of mouthwashes in the oral cavity are warranted to prove our results. - Highlights: • Long-term electrochemical stability of Ti–6Al–4V in mouthwashes was investigated. • 3% percent hydrogen peroxide reduced the corrosion resistance of the Ti–6Al–4V. • Ti is stable in 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate and 0

  10. Effect of plasma molybdenized buffer layer on adhesive properties of TiN film coated on Ti6Al4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qin, Lin, E-mail: qinlin@tyut.edu.cn; Yi, Hong; Kong, Fanyou; Ma, Hua; Guo, Lili; Tian, Linhai; Tang, Bin

    2017-05-01

    Highlights: • A molybdenized layer was prepared as a buffer layer under TiN film on Ti6Al4V. • The molybdenized layer can enhance adhesion strength of PVD coatings effectively. • The duplex treated samples increase elastic energy ratio in the impact tests. • The enhancement attributes to the hardness improvement and inverted-S shape elastic modulus profile of the modified layer. - Abstract: Effect of molybdenized buffer layer on adhesion strength of TiN film on Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated. The buffer layer composed of a dense molybdenum deposition layer, a rapid drop zone and a slow fall zone was prepared using double glow plasma surface alloying technique. Scratch tests and low energy repeated impact tests were adopted to comparatively evaluate the duplex treated layers and the single TiN samples. The results show that the critical load was increased from 62 N for the single TiN film to over 100 N for the duplex treated layer. The volume of impact pit, formed in impact tests, of the single TiN samples is 9.15 × 10{sup 6} μm{sup 3}, and about 1.5 times than that of the duplex treated samples. The Leeb hardness values reveal that about 70% impact energy was transferred to the single TiN samples to generate permanent deformation, while that was only about 47% for the duplex treated samples. The mechanism of improving adhesion strength is attributed to synergistic effect due to an inverted-S shape elastic modulus distribution produced by the molybdenized layer.

  11. 238U (n,f) measurements below 30 keV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slovacek, R.E.; Cramer, D.S.; Bean, E.B.; Hockenbury, R.W.; Valentine, J.R.; Block, R.C.

    1975-01-01

    The 238 U (n,f) cross section has been measured from 3 eV to about 30 keV with the lead slowing down spectrometer at the RPI Linac. Four fission ionization chambers containing a total of about 0.8 gm of 238 U (4.1 ppm 235 U) were used for the measurements. The fission widths of the 6.67, 20.9, and the 36.8 eV resonances were measured as (10 +- 1), (58 +- 9), and (12 +- 2) nanoelectron-volts respectively. The fission cross section integrated over the two subthreshold groups at 720 and 1210 eV and the average fission cross section from 10 to 30 keV are in agreement with a previous time of flight measurement. The fission width at 6.67 eV is 20 times smaller than an upper limit set by the only reported measurement in this energy region; the fission widths obtained in the present investigation are consistent with the (30 +- 50) nanoelectronvolt average width previously obtained for the resonances between 37 and 327 eV in a time of flight measurement using a nuclear device. From the measured fission widths, the 238 U thermal fission cross section was determined to be 2.7 +- 0.3 μ barns. The resonance fission integral was also obtained from the data as 1.33 +- 0.15 mbarns for 238 U. (4 figures, 4 tables) (U.S.)

  12. Effect of rolling temperature on 12Kh18N10T steel tube hardening

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yushkevich, P.M.; Stepanovich, V.E.; Manankova, L.V.; Usenko, V.N.; Semenov, I.A.

    1984-01-01

    Mechanical properties and substructure of tubes at the constant reduction degree k(the ratio of deformation over wall thickness to deformation over diameter), depending on strain degree during cold and hot tube rolling, have been studied. The investigations are carried out using hot-rolled tubes with the dimensions 88x8 mm of 12Kh1hN10T steel. With the decrease of strain over the wall of the tube, produced of 12Kh18N10T steel as to strain over diameter the values of yield strength and ultimate strength increase with simultaneous decrease in ductility during warm rolling and yield strength and ultimate strength decrease with the increase in ductility-during cold rolling. During warm rolling of the tubes at 250 deg C the hardening of 12Kh18N10T steel is higher, than at the rolling temperature 150 deg C. The optimum temperature range of warm rolling is 120-150 deg C. Grain orientation in the metal of the tubes and degree of texture perfection increase with the temperature increase of the tube warm drolling as compared with col rolli

  13. Tribocorrosion Study of Ordinary and Laser-Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danillo P. Silva

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Titanium alloys are used in biomedical implants, as well as in other applications, due to the excellent combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, the tribocorrosion resistance of titanium alloy is normally not satisfactory. Therefore, surface modification is a way to improve this specific performance. In the present paper, laser surface-modified samples were tested in corrosion and pin-on-disk tribocorrosion testing in 0.90% NaCl under an average Hertzian pressure of 410 MPa against an alumina sphere. Laser-modified samples of Ti6Al4V were compared with ordinary Ti6Al4V alloy. Electrochemical impedance showed higher modulus for laser-treated samples than for ordinary Ti6Al4V ones. Moreover, atomic force microscopy revealed that laser-treated surfaces presented less wear than ordinary alloy for the initial exposure. For a further exposure to wear, i.e., when the wear depth is beyond the initial laser-affected layer, both materials showed similar corrosion behavior. Microstructure analysis and finite element method simulations revealed that the different behavior between the initial and the extensive rubbing was related to a fine martensite-rich external layer developed on the irradiated surface of the fusion zone.

  14. Insights into the photocatalytic mechanism of mediator-free direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) and g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) heterostructures: A hybrid density functional theory study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Opoku, Francis; Govender, Krishna Kuben; Sittert, Cornelia Gertina Catharina Elizabeth van; Govender, Penny Poomani

    2018-01-01

    Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterostructures have received much attention due to their prominent photocatalytic activity. The g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 and g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures, which follow a typical hetero-junction charge transfer mechanisms show a weak potential for hydrogen evolution and reactive radical generation under visible light irradiation. A mediator-free Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) and g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) heterostructures photocatalyst are designed for the first time using first-principles studies. Moreover, theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanism, the effects of interfacial composition and the role the interface play in the overall photoactivity is still unexplained. The calculated band gap of the heterostructures is reduced compared to the bulk Bi2WO6 and Bi2MoO6. In this study, we systematically calculated energy band structure, optical properties and charge transfer of the g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) and g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) heterostructures using the hybrid density functional theory approach. The results show that the charge transfer at the interface of the heterostructures induces a built-in potential, which benefits the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. The g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) heterostructure with more negative adhesion energy (-1.10 eVA-2) is predicted to have a better adsorptive ability and can form more easily compared to the g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) interface (-1.16 eVA-2). Therefore, our results show that the g-C3N4 interaction with Bi2MoO6 is stronger than Bi2WO6, which is also verified by the smaller vertical separation (3.25 Å) between Bi2MoO6 and g-C3N4 compared to the g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) interface (3.36 Å). The optical absorption verifies that these proposed Z-scheme heterostructures are excellent visible light harvesting semiconductor photocatalyst materials. This enhancement is ascribed to the role of g-C3N4 monolayer as an electron acceptor and the direct Z-scheme charge carrier transfer at the interface of

  15. Fluorcanasite, K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(F,OH)4 · H2O, a new mineral species from the Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia, and new data on canasite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khomyakov, A. P.; Nechelyustov, G. N.; Krivokoneva, G. K.; Rastsvetaeva, R. K.; Rozenberg, K. A.; Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V.

    2009-12-01

    Fluorcanasite is described, a new mineral species found in dumps of the Kirovsk apatite mine, Mt. Kukisvumchorr, Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The new mineral is associated with microcline, nepheline, aegirine, scherbakovite, lamprophyllite, pectolite, mosandrite, villiaumite, rasvumite, and molybdenite. It occurs as prismatic crystals up to 0.2-0.3 × 1-2 mm in size extending along [010]. Fluorcanasite is purple, transparent, with white streak and vitreous luster. The fracture is hackly along the extension and stepped in other directions. The mineral is brittle. The cleavage is eminent parallel to {100} and {201} and perfect parallel to {001}. D(meas) = 2.68(2) g/cm3 (volumetric method); D(calc) = 2.69 g/cm3. Fluorcanasite is biaxial, negative, n α = 1.538(1), n β = 1.546(1), n γ = 1.549(1), 2 V(meas) = 60(2)°, 2 V(calc) = 63°. Dispersion r > v. The new mineral is pleochroic according to the scheme N β > N γ > N α; N β is purple, N γ is lilac, and N α is amber-yellow. Orientation is as follows: b = N β, a∧ N γ = 3°, c∧ N α = 19°. Fluorcanasite is not luminescent in UV light and slowly decomposes in acid. The new mineral is monoclinic, space group Cm, a = 18.846(4), b = 7.242(1), c = 12.650(2) Å, β = 111.84(2)°, V = 1602.6(4) Å3, Z = 2. The strongest reflections [ d, Å( I)] in the X-ray powder pattern of a grainoriented sample are 2.915(100), 4.204(40), 5.872(36), 4.712(36), 2.358(32), 3.012(24), 2.310(24), 3.082(24) and the same reflections in a randomly oriented sample are 3.082(100), 2.915(85), 4.712(46), 4.204(41), 3.340(35), 5.872(33), 2.658(30). The chemical composition, determined with an electron microprobe, is as follows, wt %: 7.19 Na2O, 10.91 K2O, 19.55 CaO, 0.27 FeO, 2.08 MnO, 55.84 SiO2, 4.10 F, 2.22 H2O (determined on the basis of structural data), 1.73-O = F2; the total is 100.43. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of Si = 12, is K2.99Na3.00(Ca4.50Mn0.38·Fe{0.05/2+})Σ4.93Si12O29.93(F2.79OH1

  16. Osseointegration of loaded dental implant with KrF laser hydroxylapatite films on Ti6Al4V alloy by minipigs

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Dostálová, T.; Jelínek, Miroslav; Grivas, C.

    2001-01-01

    Roč. 6, č. 2 (2001), s. 239-243 ISSN 1083-3668 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : osseointegration * titanium alloy * KrF laser Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.292, year: 2001

  17. Microstructure and deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by high-power laser solid forming

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ren, Y.M.; Lin, X.; Fu, X.; Tan, H.; Chen, J.; Huang, W.D.

    2017-01-01

    This work investigated the microstructure and tensile deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated using a high-power laser solid forming (LSF) additive manufacturing. The results show that the post-fabricated heat-treated microstructure consists of coarse columnar prior-β grains (630–1000 μm wide) and α-laths (5–9 μm) under different scanning velocities (900 and 1500 mm/min), which caused large elongation (∼18%) superior to the conventional laser additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The deformation behavior of the LSF Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated using in situ tensile test scanning electron microscopy. The results show that shear-bands appeared along the α/β interface and slip-bands occurred within the α-laths, which lead to cracks decaying in a zigzag-pattern in the LSF Ti-6Al-4V alloy with basket-weave microstructure. These results demonstrate that the small columnar prior-β grains and fine basket-weave microstructure exhibiting more α/β interfaces and α-laths can disperse the load and resist the deformation in the LSF Ti-6Al-4V components. In addition, a modified microstructure selection map of the LSF Ti-6Al-4V alloy was established, which can reasonably predict the microstructure evolution and relative grain size in the LSF process.

  18. Bromine-rich Zinc Bromides: Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)5, Zn4Br8(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)3, and Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hausmann, David; Feldmann, Claus

    2016-06-20

    The bromine-rich zinc bromides Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)5 (1), Zn4Br8(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)3 (2), and Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)2 (3) are prepared by reaction of ZnBr2, 18-crown-6, and elemental bromine in the ionic liquid [MeBu3N][N(Tf)2] (N(Tf)2 = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide). Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)5 (1) is formed instantaneously by the reaction. Even at room temperature, compound 1 releases bromine, which was confirmed by thermogravimetry (TG) and mass spectrometry (MS). The release of Br2 can also be directly followed by the color and density of the title compounds. With controlled conditions (2 weeks, 25 °C, absence of excess Br2) Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)5 (1) slowly releases bromine with conconcurrent generation of Zn4Br8(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)3 (2) (in ionic liquid) and Zn6Br12(18-crown-6)2×(Br2)2 (3) (in inert oil). All bromine-rich zinc bromides contain voluminous uncharged (e.g., Zn3Br6(18-crown-6), Zn2Br4(18-crown-6)) or ionic (e.g., [Zn2Br3(18-crown-6)](+), [(Zn2Br6)×(Br2)2](2-)) building units with dibromine molecules between the Zn oligomers and partially interconnecting the Zn-containing building units. Due to the structural similarity, the bromine release is possible via crystal-to-crystal transformation with retention of the crystal shape.

  19. Biocorrosion of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticle coating of Ti–6Al–4V in DMEM under specific in vitro conditions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Höhn, Sarah, E-mail: sarah.hoehn@fau.de; Virtanen, Sannakaisa, E-mail: virtanen@ww.uni-erlangen.de

    2015-02-28

    Highlights: • Possibility to fabricate a TiO{sub 2} NP-coating on Ti–6Al–4V by a simple spin-coating method. • The NP-coating enhances biomimetic apatite formation on the surface immersed in DMEM. • The TiO{sub 2} coating can efficiently reduce Al release from the alloy during immersion in DMEM. • TiO{sub 2} NP-coating makes the surface more bioactive. - Abstract: A TiO{sub 2} nanoparticle coating was prepared on a biomedical Ti–6Al–4V alloy using “spin-coating” technique with a colloidal suspension of TiO{sub 2} nanopowders with the aim to optimize the surface morphology (e.g., roughness) for improved biocompatibility. The influence of a TiO{sub 2} nanoparticle (NP) coating on the corrosion behavior, metal ion release, and biomimetic apatite formation was studied in DMEM, at 37.5 °C with a continuous supply of 5% CO{sub 2}. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate a formation of a new layer on the surface of the NP-coated sample upon 28 days immersion in DMEM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy confirm that the surface of the NP-coated Ti–6Al–4V shows a complete coverage by a Ca–phosphate layer in contrast to the non-coated Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Hence, the TiO{sub 2}-NP coating strongly enhances biomimetic apatite formation on the alloy surface. In addition, the TiO{sub 2}-NP coating can efficiently reduce Al-release from the alloy, for which the bare Ti–6Al–4V alloy is significant for at least 28 days of immersion in DMEM.

  20. Centrosymmetric [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} vs. noncentrosymmetric polar [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6}: A hydrogen-bonding effect on the out-of-center distortion of TiF{sub 6} octahedra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Eun-ah [Department of Chemistry Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Dong Woo [Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of); Ok, Kang Min, E-mail: kmok@cau.ac.kr [Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-11-15

    The syntheses, structures, and characterization of organically templated zero-dimensional titanium fluoride materials, A{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} (A=[N(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}] or [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]), are reported. Phase pure samples of A{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} were synthesized by either solvothermal reaction method or a simple mixing method. While [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 4}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group, R-3, [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric polar space group, Cm. The asymmetric out-of-center distortion of TiF{sub 6} octahedra in polar [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} are attributable to the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the fluorine atoms in TiF{sub 6} octahedra and the nitrogen atoms in the [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sup +} cation. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements on the [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6}, using 1064 nm radiation, indicate the material has SHG efficiency of 25 Multiplication-Sign that of {alpha}-SiO{sub 2}, which indicates an average nonlinear optical susceptibility, Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket d{sub eff} Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket {sub exp} of 2.8 pm/V. Additional SHG measurements reveal that the material is not phase-matchable (Type 1). The magnitudes of out-of-center distortions and dipole moment calculations for TiF{sub 6} octahedra will be also reported. - Graphical abstract: The out-of-center distortion of TiF{sub 6} octahedron in the polar noncentrosymmetric [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} is attributable to the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the F in TiF{sub 6} octahedron and the H-N in the [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sup +}. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Two titanium fluorides materials have been synthesized in high yields. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Hydrogen-bonds are crucial for the out-of-center distortion of TiF{sub 6} octahedra. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer [C(NH{sub 2}){sub 3}]{sub 2}TiF{sub 6} has a SHG efficiency of 25

  1. On the interdiffusion in multilayered silicide coatings for the vanadium-based alloy V-4Cr-4Ti

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chaia, N., E-mail: nabil.chaia@usp.br [Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Pólo Urbo-Industrial Gleba AI-6, 12602-810 Lorena, SP (Brazil); Portebois, L., E-mail: leo.portebois@univ-lorraine.fr [Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR7198, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex (France); Mathieu, S., E-mail: stephane.mathieu@univ-lorraine.fr [Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR7198, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex (France); David, N., E-mail: nicolas.david@univ-lorraine.fr [Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR7198, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex (France); Vilasi, M., E-mail: michel.vilasi@univ-lorraine.fr [Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR7198, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Cedex (France)

    2017-02-15

    To provide protection against corrosion at high temperatures, silicide diffusion coatings were developed for the V-4Cr-4Ti alloy, which can be used as the fuel cladding in next-generation sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors. The multilayered coatings were prepared by halide-activated pack cementation using MgF{sub 2} as the transport agent and pure silicon (high activity) as the master alloy. Coated pure vanadium and coated V-4Cr-4Ti alloy were studied and compared as substrates. In both cases, the growth of the silicide layers (V{sub 3}Si, V{sub 5}Si{sub 3}, V{sub 6}Si{sub 5} and VSi{sub 2}) was controlled exclusively by solid-state diffusion, and the growth kinetics followed a parabolic law. Wagner's analysis was adopted to calculate the integrated diffusion coefficients for all silicides. The estimated values of the integrated diffusion coefficients range from approximately 10{sup −9} to 10{sup −13} cm{sup 2} s{sup −1}. Then, a diffusion-based numerical approach was used to evaluate the growth and consumption of the layers when the coated substrates were exposed at critical temperatures. The estimated lifetimes of the upper VSi{sub 2} layer were 400 h and 280 h for pure vanadium and the V-4Cr-4Ti alloy, respectively. The result from the numeric simulation was in good agreement with the layer thicknesses measured after aging the coated samples at 1150 °C under vacuum. - Highlights: • The pack cementation technique is implemented to study interdiffusion in V/Si and V-4Cr-4Ti/Si couples. • Interdiffusion coefficients of vanadium silicides were experimentally determined within the range 1100–1250 °C. • For either V/Si or V-4Cr-4Ti/Si couples, the VSi{sub 2} layer has the highest growth rate. • The Cr and Ti alloying elements mainly modified the V{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and V{sub 6}Si{sub 5} growth rate. • Numerical simulation allows for a confident assessment of the VSi{sub 2} coating lifetime on V-4Cr-4Ti.

  2. Study on magnetic properties of (Nd0.8Ce0.2)2-xFe12Co2B (x = 0-0.6) alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, G. S.; Xu, H.; Yu, L. Y.; Tan, X. H.; Zhang, Q.; Gu, Y.; Hou, X. L.

    2017-09-01

    In the present work, (Nd0.8Ce0.2)2-xFe12Co2B (x = 0-0.6) permanent alloys are prepared by melt-spinning method. The hard magnetic properties of (Nd0.8Ce0.2)2-xFe12Co2B (x = 0-0.6) alloys annealed at optimum temperatures have been investigated systematically. Depending on the Nd, Ce concentration, the maximum energy product ((BH)max) and remanence (Br) increase gradually with x in the range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, whereas decrease gradually in the alloys with 0.4 plays a certain role in the magnetization reversal behavior and can improve the microstructure of (Nd0.8Ce0.2)1.6Fe12Co2B alloy.

  3. Dry sliding wear behaviour of Al-12Si-4Mg alloy with cerium addition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anasyida, A.S.; Daud, A.R.; Ghazali, M.J.

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this work is to understand the effect of cerium addition on wear resistance behaviour of as-cast alloys. Al-12Si-4 Mg alloys with 1-5 wt% cerium addition were prepared using the casting technique. A sliding wear test was carried out under applied loads of 10 N, 30 N and 50 N at a fixed sliding speed of 1 m/s using a pin-on-disc configuration. The wear test was conducted in dry conditions at room temperature of ∼25 o C. Detailed analysis of the microstructure, worn surface, collected debris and microhardness was undertaken in order to investigate the differences between the as-cast alloys with different levels of cerium addition. The addition of 1-5 wt% cerium was found to lead to the precipitation of intermetallic phases (Al-Ce), resulting a needle-like structures. Increasing cerium content up to 2 wt% improved both wear resistance and microhardness of as-cast alloys. Addition of more than 2 wt% cerium, however, led to a decrease in microhardness, resulting in lower wear resistance of the alloys. Moderate wear was observed at all loads, with specific wear rates (K') ranging from 6.82 x 10 -5 with 2 wt% Ce at applied load of 50 N to 21.48 x 10 -5 mm 3 /N m without added Ce at an applied load of 10 N. Based on K' ranges, the as-cast alloys exhibited moderate wear regimes, and the mechanism of wear is a combination of abrasion and adhesion. Alloy containing 2 wt% Ce, with the highest hardness and lowest K' value, showed the greatest wear resistance.

  4. Microstructure-Tensile Properties Correlation for the Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Xiaohui; Zeng, Weidong; Sun, Yu; Han, Yuanfei; Zhao, Yongqing; Guo, Ping

    2015-04-01

    Finding the quantitative microstructure-tensile properties correlations is the key to achieve performance optimization for various materials. However, it is extremely difficult due to their non-linear and highly interactive interrelations. In the present investigation, the lamellar microstructure features-tensile properties correlations of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy are studied using an error back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN-BP) model. Forty-eight thermomechanical treatments were conducted to prepare the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different lamellar microstructure features. In the proposed model, the input variables are microstructure features including the α platelet thickness, colony size, and β grain size, which were extracted using Image Pro Plus software. The output variables are the tensile properties, including ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Fourteen hidden-layer neurons which can make ANN-BP model present the most excellent performance were applied. The training results show that all the relative errors between the predicted and experimental values are within 6%, which means that the trained ANN-BP model is capable of providing precise prediction of the tensile properties for Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Based on the corresponding relations between the tensile properties predicted by ANN-BP model and the lamellar microstructure features, it can be found that the yield strength decreases with increasing α platelet thickness continuously. However, the α platelet thickness exerts influence on the elongation in a more complicated way. In addition, for a given α platelet thickness, the yield strength and the elongation both increase with decreasing β grain size and colony size. In general, the β grain size and colony size play a more important role in affecting the tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy than the α platelet thickness.

  5. Characterising μ-AlTiN coating and assessing its performance during Ti-6Al-4V milling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mauricio Moreno Téllez

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available This study investigated the mechanical properties and performance of μ-AlTiN coating deposited by PVD cathodic arc technique for a specific Al0, 67Ti0, 33N composition deposited on a WC-Co and AISI D2 steel substrate. The structure of the coating was analysed using SEM, EDAX, XRD, AFM and TEM. Nano indentation measurements were used for analysing mechanical properties; the coating’s performance was evaluated during the milling of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V. The TiN film was initially deposited to improve adhesion between coating and substrate, where columnar grains ranging in size from 200 to 500 nm were observed having NaCl-type struc-ture. μ-AlTiN grain growth was also columnar but had ~50 nm grain size. The μ-AlTiN coated tool life was compared to an uncoated tool to determine the coating’s influence during Ti6Al4V milling. The μ-AlTiN coating improved tool life by 100% compared to that of an uncoated tool due to aluminium oxide and TiC formation on the surface and a decrease in friction coefficient between the chip and the tool.

  6. Photocatalytic decomposition of N2O over TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts heterojunction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kočí, K.; Reli, M.; Troppová, I.; Šihor, M.; Kupková, J.; Kustrowski, P.; Praus, P.

    2017-02-01

    TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with the various TiO2/g-C3N4 weight ratios from 1:2 to 1:6 were fabricated by mechanical mixing in water suspension followed by calcination. Pure TiO2 was prepared by thermal hydrolysis and pure g-C3N4 was prepared from commercial melamine by thermal annealing at 620 °C. All the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoelectrochemical measurements and nitrogen physisorption. The prepared mixtures along with pure TiO2 and g-C3N4 were tested for the photocatalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide under UVC (λ = 254 nm), UVA (λ = 365 nm) and Vis (λ > 400 nm) irradiation. The TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showed moderate improvement compared to pure g-C3N4 but pure TiO2 proved to be a better photocatalyst under UVC irradiation. However, under UVA irradiation conditions, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:2) nanocomposite exhibited an increase compared to pure TiO2. Nevertheless, further increase of g-C3N4 amount leads/led to a decrease in reactivity. These results are suggesting the nanocomposite with the optimal weight ratio of TiO2 and g-C3N4 have shifted absorption edge energy towards longer wavelengths and decreased the recombination rate of charge carriers compared to pure g-C3N4. This is probably due to the generation of heterojunction on the TiO2/g-C3N4 interface.

  7. Design and verification of thermomechanical parameters of P/M Ti6Al4V alloy forging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wojtaszek, Marek, E-mail: mwojtasz@metal.agh.edu.pl; Śleboda, Tomasz

    2014-12-05

    Highlights: • Thermomechanical parameters of P/M Ti6Al4V alloy processing were determined. • The use of the mixture of elemental powders allows reducing manufacturing costs. • Numerical modelling allowed to elaborate favourable parameters of forging. • The industrial trials of hot forging of P/M Ti6Al4V alloy were successful. - Abstract: This work is focused on the design of technology of forging high-quality Ti6Al4V alloy by means of powder metallurgy methods. A mixture of elemental powders, with the chemical composition of that of Ti6Al4V alloy, was used as a starting material for the investigation. Powder mixtures were fully densified by hot compaction under precisely controlled conditions. The mechanical properties of the obtained compacts were examined. The mechanical behaviour of the investigated alloy powder compacts was evaluated by compression test under various thermomechanical conditions using Gleeble simulator. The microstructure of powder compacts as well as P/M alloy samples deformed in compression tests was examined. All data obtained from the experimental tests were applied as boundary conditions for numerical simulation of forging of selected forgings. Basing on the results of both plastometric tests and simulations, thermomechanical parameters of the investigated alloy forging were determined. Designed parameters of forging technology were verified by forging trials performed in industrial conditions. The quality of the obtained forgings was examined by means of computed tomography.

  8. Design and verification of thermomechanical parameters of P/M Ti6Al4V alloy forging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wojtaszek, Marek; Śleboda, Tomasz

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Thermomechanical parameters of P/M Ti6Al4V alloy processing were determined. • The use of the mixture of elemental powders allows reducing manufacturing costs. • Numerical modelling allowed to elaborate favourable parameters of forging. • The industrial trials of hot forging of P/M Ti6Al4V alloy were successful. - Abstract: This work is focused on the design of technology of forging high-quality Ti6Al4V alloy by means of powder metallurgy methods. A mixture of elemental powders, with the chemical composition of that of Ti6Al4V alloy, was used as a starting material for the investigation. Powder mixtures were fully densified by hot compaction under precisely controlled conditions. The mechanical properties of the obtained compacts were examined. The mechanical behaviour of the investigated alloy powder compacts was evaluated by compression test under various thermomechanical conditions using Gleeble simulator. The microstructure of powder compacts as well as P/M alloy samples deformed in compression tests was examined. All data obtained from the experimental tests were applied as boundary conditions for numerical simulation of forging of selected forgings. Basing on the results of both plastometric tests and simulations, thermomechanical parameters of the investigated alloy forging were determined. Designed parameters of forging technology were verified by forging trials performed in industrial conditions. The quality of the obtained forgings was examined by means of computed tomography

  9. Microstructures and properties of TiN reinforced Co-based composite coatings modified with Y_2O_3 by laser cladding on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weng, Fei; Yu, Huijun; Chen, Chuanzhong; Liu, Jianli; Zhao, Longjie

    2015-01-01

    In this study, TiN reinforced composite coatings were fabricated on Ti–6Al–4V substrate by laser cladding with Co42 self-fluxing alloy, TiN and Y_2O_3 mixed powders. Microstructures and wear resistance of the cladding coatings with and without Y_2O_3 addition were investigated comparatively. Results showed that the coatings were mainly comprised of γ-Co/Ni, TiN, CoTi, CoTi_2, NiTi, TiC, Cr_7C_3, TiB, Ti_5Si_3 and TiC_0_._3N_0_._7 phases. The coatings showed metallurgical bonding free of pores and cracks with the substrate. Compared with the Ti–6Al–4V substrate, the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings was enhanced by 3–4 times and 9.5–11.9 times, respectively. With 1.0 wt.% Y_2O_3 addition, the microstructure of the coating was refined significantly, and the microhardness and dry sliding wear resistance were enhanced further. The effects of Y_2O_3 were attributed to the residual Y_2O_3 and decomposed Y atoms. - Graphical abstract: The diagram illustration for the action mechanism of Y_2O_3: (a) dissolution of Y_2O_3 and TiN, (b) re-formation of TiN and in situ formation of TiC, (c) growth of TiN, TiC and the distribution of Y atoms. - Highlights: • Coatings showing metallurgical bonding with the substrate were fabricated. • The effect of Y_2O_3 on the refinement of the microstructure is notable. • A kind of Y_2O_3 centered core–shell structure was picked out in the coating. • Microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings was enhanced significantly.

  10. Analyzing power for the 16O(p,n)16F (4-, 6.37 MeV) reaction at 134 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Madey, R.; Fazely, A.; Anderson, B.D.; Baldwin, A.R.; Kalenda, A.M.; McCarthy, R.J.; Tandy, P.C.; Watson, J.W.; Bertozzi, W.; Buti, T.; Finn, M.; Kovash, M.; Pugh, B.; Foster, C.C.

    1982-01-01

    We measured the analyzing power for the 16 O(p,n) 16 F (4 - , 6.37 MeV) reaction at 134.0 MeV and the differential cross section for the same reaction at 135.2 MeV. The shape of the cross section for the transition to this unnatural parity stretched state is described well by a distorted-wave impulse-approximation calculation using a (πd/sub 5/2/, νp/sub 3/2//sup ts-1/) 4 /sub -/ configuration and the effective interaction derived by Love and Franey from nucleon-nucleon phase shifts. The analyzing power from this calculation reproduces all of the qualitative features of the data and supports the use of the impulse approximation as an excellent starting point for describing the reaction mechanism. Quantitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical analyzing power can be improved by eliminating the imaginary tensor term of this interaction and taking the real part to be that derived by Love from the Sussex matrix elements. The sensitivity of the calculations to the choice of optical potentials and the importance of spin-orbit distortion is explored

  11. Long-term behaviour of heat-resistant steels and high-temperature materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1987-01-01

    This book contains 10 lectures with the following subjects: On the effect of thermal pretreatment on the structure and creep behaviour of the alloy 800 H (V. Guttmann, J. Timm); Material properties of heat resistant ferritic and austenitic steels after cold forming (W. Bendick, H. Weber); Investigations for judging the working behaviour of components made of alloy 800 and alloy 617 under creep stress (H.J. Penkalla, F. Schubert); Creep behaviour of gas turbine materials in hot gas (K.H. Kloos et al.); Effect of small cold forming on the creep beahviour of gas turbine blades made of Nimonic 90 (K.H. Keienburg et al.); Investigations on creep fatigue alternating load strength of nickel alloys (G. Raule); Change of structure, creep fatigue behaviour and life of X20 Cr Mo V 12 1 (by G. Eggeler et al.); Investigations on thermal fatigue behaviour (K.H. Mayer et al.); Creep behaviour of similar welds of the steels 13 Cr Mo 4 4, 14 MoV 6 3, 10 Cr Mo 910 and GS-17 Cr Mo V 5 11 (K. Niel et al.); Determining the creep crack behaviour of heat resistant steels with samples of different geometry (K. Maile, R. Tscheuschner). (orig.,/MM) [de

  12. Molybdeno-Aluminizing of Powder Metallurgy and Wrought Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys by Pack Cementation process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsipas, Sophia A.; Gordo, Elena

    2016-01-01

    •External TiN and internal a Mo-rich layer on all alloy substrates •Titanium aluminides and Ti-Al mixed nitrides are formed on Ti-6Al-4V •The presence of Al and V alloying elements modifies the diffusion of Mo

  13. Molybdeno-Aluminizing of Powder Metallurgy and Wrought Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys by Pack Cementation process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsipas, Sophia A., E-mail: stsipas@ing.uc3m.es; Gordo, Elena

    2016-08-15

    •External TiN and internal a Mo-rich layer on all alloy substrates •Titanium aluminides and Ti-Al mixed nitrides are formed on Ti-6Al-4V •The presence of Al and V alloying elements modifies the diffusion of Mo.

  14. Synthesis and microstructure characterization of Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate by laser surface alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cai, Zhaobing; Jin, Guo; Cui, Xiufang; Liu, Zhe; Zheng, Wei; Li, Yang; Wang, Liquan

    2016-01-01

    Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high-entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V was synthesized by laser surface alloying. The coating is composed of a B2 matrix and (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compounds with few β-Ti phases. Focused ion beam technique was utilized to prepare TEM sample and TEM observations agree well with XRD and SEM results. The formation of HEA phases is due to high temperature and rapid cooling rate during laser surface alloying. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH mix , ΔS mix and δ as well as Δχ, should be used to predict the formation of the BCC solid solution, but they are not the strict criteria. Especially when Δχ reaches a high value (≥ 10%), BCC HEA will be partially decomposed, leading to the formation of (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compound phases. - Highlights: •Preparing HEA coating on Ti-6Al-4V by laser surface alloying is successful. •The synthesized HEA coating mainly consists of BCC HEA and (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compounds. •FIB technology was used to prepare the sample for TEM analysis. • ΔH mix , ΔS mix and δ as well as Δχ, should be all used to predict the formation of solid solution.

  15. Ultrathin g-C3N4 films supported on Attapulgite nanofibers with enhanced photocatalytic performance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Yongshuai; Zhang, Lili; Yin, Minghui; Xie, Dengyu; Chen, Jiaqi; Yin, Jingzhou; Fu, Yongsheng; Zhao, Pusu; Zhong, Hui; Zhao, Yijiang; Wang, Xin

    2018-05-01

    A novel visible-light-responsive photocatalyst is fabricated by introducing g-C3N4 ultrathin films onto the surface of attapulgite (ATP) via a simple in-situ depositing technique, in which ATP was pre-grafted using (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (KH560) as the surfactant. A combination of XRD, FT-IR, BET, XPS, UV-vis, TEM and SEM techniques are utilized to characterize the composition, morphology and optical properties of the products. The results show that with the help of KH560, g-C3N4 presented as ultrathin layer is uniformly loaded onto the surface of ATP by forming a new chemical bond (Sisbnd Osbnd C). Comparing with g-C3N4 and ATP, ATP/g-C3N4 exhibits remarkably enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity in degradation of methyl orange (MO) because of its high surface area, appropriate band gap and the synergistic effect between g-C3N4 and ATP. To achieve the best photocatalyst, the ratio of g-C3N4 was adjusted by controlling the mass portion between ATP-KH560 and melamine (r = m (ATP-KH560)/m (melamine)). The highest decomposition rate of methyl orange (MO) was 96.06% when r = 0.5 and this degradation efficiency remained unchanged after 4 cycles, which is 10 times as that of pure g-C3N4 particles. Possible photocatalytic mechanism is presented.

  16. Preventing structural degradation from Na3V2(PO4)3 to V2(PO4)3: F-doped Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode composite with stable lifetime for sodium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yanjun; Xu, Youlong; Sun, Xiaofei; Zhang, Baofeng; He, Shengnan; Li, Long; Wang, Chao

    2018-02-01

    A prospective NASICON-type F-doped Na3V2(PO4)2.93F0.07/C (F-0.07-NVP/C) composite is synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. F-doping can restrain the structural degradation from Na3V2(PO4)3 to V2(PO4)3 and enhance the structural stability. Meanwhile, it can decrease the particle size to diminish the pathway of Na+ diffusion, which can increase ionic conductivity efficiently. The kinetic behavior is significantly improved and it is beneficial to reinforcing the electrochemical performance of F-doping composites. Compared with Undoped-NVP/C sample, F-0.07-NVP/C composite delivers a 113 mAh g-1 discharge capacity at 10 mA g-1, which is very close to the theoretical capacity (117 mAh g-1). As for cycle performance, a reversible capacity of 97.8 mAh g-1 can be obtained and it retains 86% capacity after 1000 cycles at 200 mA g-1. F-0.07-NVP/C composite presents the highest DNa+ (2.62 × 10-15 cm2s-1), two orders of magnitude higher than the undoped sample (4.8 × 10-17 cm2s-1). This outstanding electrochemical performance is ascribed to the synergetic effect from improved kinetic behavior and enhanced structural stability due to F-doping. Hence, the F-doped composite would be a promising cathode material in SIB for energy storage and conversion.

  17. [Effect of KH2PO4 on the odonto- and osteogenic differentiation potential of human stem cells from apical papillae].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yan-ping; Wu, Jin-tao; Wang, Zi-lu; Zheng, Yang-yu; Zhang, Guang-dong; Yu, Jin-hua

    2013-01-01

    To determine the effects of KH2PO4 on the odonto- and osteogenic differentiation potential of human stem cells from apical papillae (SCAP) in vitro. SCAP were isolated and cultured respectively in alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM) or α-MEM containing 1.8 mmol/L KH2PO4. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to examine the odonto and osteogenic potential of SCAP in the two media. SCAP cultured in α-MEM containing 1.8 mmol/L KH2PO4 exhibited a higher ALP activity [(0.370 ± 0.013) Sigma unit×min(-1)×mg(-1)] at day 3 than control group [(0.285 ± 0.008) Sigma unit×min(-1)×mg(-1)] and KH2PO4-treated SCAP formed more calcified nodules at day 5 [(0.539 ± 0.007) µg/g] and day 7 [(1.617 ± 0.042) µg/g] than those in normal medium [(0.138 ± 0.037) µg/g, P odonto- and osteogenic markers were significantly up-regulated after the stimulation of KH2PO4 at day 3 and 7 respectively, as compared with control group. 1.8 mmol/L KH2PO4 can promote the odonto and osteogenic differentiation potential of human SCAP.

  18. In vitro biocorrosion of Ti-6Al-4V implant alloy by a mouse macrophage cell line.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Hsin-Yi; Bumgardner, Joel D

    2004-03-15

    Corrosion of implant alloys releasing metal ions has the potential to cause adverse tissue reactions and implant failure. We hypothesized that macrophage cells and their released reactive chemical species (RCS) affect the alloy's corrosion properties. A custom cell culture corrosion box was used to evaluate how cell culture medium, macrophage cells and RCS altered the Ti-6Al-4V corrosion behaviors in 72 h and how corrosion products affected the cells. There was no difference in the charge transfer in the presence (75.2 +/- 17.7 mC) and absence (62.3 +/- 18.8 mC) of cells. The alloy had the lowest charge transfer (28.2 +/- 4.1 mC) and metal ion release (Ti < 10 ppb, V < 2 ppb) with activated cells (releasing RCS) compared with the other two conditions. This was attributed to an enhancement of the surface oxides by RCS. Metal ion release was very low (Ti < 20 ppb, V < 10 ppb) with nonactivated cells and did not change cell morphology, viability, and NO and ATP release compared with controls. However, IL-1beta released from the activated cells and the proliferation of nonactivated cells were greater on the alloy than the controls. In summary, macrophage cells and RCS reduced the corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V alloys as hypothesized. These data are important in understanding host tissue-material interactions. Copyright 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 717-724, 2004

  19. Heat treatment effects on structure and proerties of the alloy type KhN73MBNYu (EhJ 698)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maslenkov, S.B.; Maslenkova, E.A.; Solov'ev, Yu.V.; Zryumov, V.P.

    1994-01-01

    Influence of quenching temperature and various ageing conditions on tensile properties and impact strength of wrought alloy type KhN73MBTYu has been investigated at room temperature and in the range of 500-850 deg C. Two-step quenching followed by ageing at 700-750 deg C. Two-step quenching followed by ageing at 700-750 deg C is shown to assure needed heat resistance of the alloy. Due to the whole complex of structural changes during heat treatments mechanical properties of the alloy preserv high level up to 750 deg C. This temperature is limiting value in the case of long-term operation

  20. Solvothermal indium fluoride chemistry: Syntheses and crystal structures of K5In3F14, β-(NH4)3InF6 and [NH4]3[C6H21N4]2[In4F21

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jayasundera, Anil C.A.; Goff, Richard J.; Li Yang; Finch, Adrian A.; Lightfoot, Philip

    2010-01-01

    The solvothermal syntheses and crystal structures of three indium fluorides are presented. K 5 In 3 F 14 (1) and β-(NH 4 ) 3 InF 6 (2) are variants on known inorganic structure types chiolite and cryolite, respectively, with the latter exhibiting a complex and apparently novel structural distortion. [NH 4 ] 3 [C 6 H 21 N 4 ] 2 [In 4 F 21 ] (3) represents a new hybrid composition displaying a unique trimeric metal fluoride building unit. - Graphical abstract: Solvothermal synthesis has been used to prepare three indium fluorides, including a novel hybrid material containing a unique [In 3 F 15 ] trimer templated by tren.

  1. Synthesis of the Novel 4,4?- and 6,6?- Dihydroxamic - 2,2?-Bipyridines and Improved Routes to 4,4?- and 6,6?- Substituted 2,2?-Bipyridines and Mono-N-Oxide-2,2?-Bipyridine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donnici Claudio Luis

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available The preparation of key precursors for many 2,2?-bipyridine derivatives such as 4,4?-dicarboxy- 2,2?-bipyridine (I, 6,6?-dicarboxy-2,2?-bipyridine- acid (II, 4,4?-dinitro-2,2?-bipyridine-N,N-dioxide (III, 6,6?-dicarbothioamide-2,2?-bipyridine (IV and mono-N-oxide-2,2?-bipyridine (VII through more efficient methods is described. The syntheses of the novel ligands 4,4?-dihydroxamic-2,2?-bipyridine (V and 6,6?-dihydroxamic-2,2?-bipyridine (VI are also reported.

  2. Insights into the photocatalytic mechanism of mediator-free direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6(010) and g-C3N4/Bi2WO6(010) heterostructures: A hybrid density functional theory study

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Opoku, F

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterostructures have received much attention due to their prominent photocatalytic activity. The g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 and g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures, which follow a typical hetero-junction charge transfer...

  3. Crystal structures of KM(AsF{sub 6}){sub 3} (M{sup 2+} = Mg, Co, Mn, Zn), KCu(SbF{sub 6}){sub 3} and [Co(HF){sub 2}]Sr[Sr(HF)]{sub 2}-[Sr(HF){sub 2}]{sub 2}[AsF{sub 6}]{sub 12}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mazej, Zoran; Goreshnik, Evgeny [Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana (Slovakia). Dept. of Inorganic Chemisrty and Technology

    2015-05-01

    The KM(AsF{sub 6}){sub 3} (M{sup 2+} = Mg, Co, Mn, Zn) and KCu(SbF{sub 6}){sub 3} compounds crystallize isotypically to previously known KNi(AsF{sub 6}){sub 3}. The main features of the structure of these compounds are rings of MF{sub 6} octahedra sharing apexes with AsF{sub 6} octahedra connected into infinite tri-dimensional frameworks. In this arrangement cavities are formed where K{sup +} cations are placed. Single crystals of CoSr{sub 5}(AsF{sub 6}){sub 12}.8HF were obtained as one of the products after the crystallization of 3KF/CoF{sub 2}/SrF{sub 2} mixture in the presence of AsF{sub 5} in anhydrous HF. The CoSr{sub 5}(AsF{sub 6}){sub 12}.8HF is monoclinic, C/2c (No.15), with a = 26.773(5) Aa, b = 10.087(2) Aa, c = 21.141(5) Aa, β = 93.296(13) {sup circle}, V = 5699.9(19) Aa{sup 3} at 200 K, and Z = 4. There are three crystallographically non-equivalent Sr{sup 2+} cations in the crystal structure of CoSr{sub 5}(AsF{sub 6}){sub 12}.8HF. The Sr1 is coordinated by ten fluorine atoms from eight different [AsF{sub 6}]- anions, meanwhile Sr2 and Sr3 are bound to nine fluorine atoms provided by one HF and eight AsF{sub 6} units or by two HF and six AsF{sub 6} units, respectively. The Co{sup 2+} is coordinated distorted-octahedrally by six fluorine atoms from two HF molecules and four different AsF{sub 6} units. All those moieties in the crystal structure of [Co(HF){sub 2}]Sr[Sr(HF)]{sub 2}[Sr(HF){sub 2}]{sub 2}[AsF{sub 6}]{sub 12} are connected into tridimensional framework. The CoSr{sub 5}(AsF{sub 6}){sub 12}.8HF is a unique example of compound where HF molecules are directly bound via fluorine atoms to two different metal centres.

  4. Preliminary heat treatment of 4KhM2Fch die steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leonidov, V.M.; Berezkin, Y.A.; Nikitenko, E.V.

    1986-01-01

    To improve the machinability and preparation of the structure for hardening, die steels are given a preliminary treatment which provides a reduction in hardness as a result of separation in the structure of the carbide and ferrite phases, coagulation of the carbides, and acquisition by them of a granular form and also the obtaining of fine grains and a uniform distribution of the structural constituents. The microstructure was evaluated after etching in 4% nital on an MIM-8M microscope. The 4KhM2Fch steel was given a preliminary heat treatment of normalize and anneal. It was concluded that for 4KhM2Fch steel a preliminary heat treatment of normalizing from 950 0 C with a hold of 1.5-2 h, annealing at 750-760 0 C with a hold of 2-3 h, cooling to the isothermal temperature of 670-680 0 C with a hold of 3-4 h, and further air cooling is recommended. The structure after such a heat is granular pearlite with a rating 1-2 and a hardness of 220-250 HB

  5. Normas poblacionales de referencia de la versión española del SF-12V2 para la Región de Murcia Population based norms of the Spanish version of the SF-12V2 for Murcia (Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Monteagudo Piqueras

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Los cuestionarios de salud percibida proporcionan información sobre resultados de salud. La valoración de su impacto requiere disponer de valores de referencia. En la población española, los estudios previos los han proporcionado para el SF-12v1. El objetivo fue obtener, para la versión española del SF-12v2, las normas poblacionales de referencia de la Región de Murcia. Métodos: Estudio transversal con encuesta telefónica a 3.486 personas no institucionalizadas de 18 años o más de edad, de la Región de Murcia. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y percentiles de las dimensiones, y componentes sumario físico y mental (CSF y CSM del SF-12v2. Para la evaluación de constructo se compararon diferencias de medias en grupos conocidos (prueba t de Student o ANOVA. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 3.381 sujetos. El 50,5% eran hombres, con una media de 43,6 años de edad, y de 46,0 en las mujeres. El CSF medio fue 48,6 (±10,6 y el CSM fue 53,6 (±10,7, y estas puntuaciones fueron superiores (mejores en los hombres, los grupos de edad más joven, las personas con estudios superiores y aquellas sin ninguna condición médica crónica (p=0,000. Los hombres presentaron mejores puntuaciones que las mujeres en la mayoría de las dimensiones y componentes sumario. La dimensión peor valorada por hombres y mujeres fue la salud general y el CSF. Conclusiones: Estos resultados, aunque deben considerarse como normas poblacionales de referencia de la versión española del SF-12v2 para la Región de Murcia, pueden ser utilizados por poblaciones similares a la hora de establecer objetivos de salud.Objective: Questionnaires on perceived health provide information on health results. Reference values are needed to assess these results. Previous studies have provided Spanish population-based norms for the SF-12v1. The aim of this study was to obtain the population-based norms for the Spanish version of the SF-12v2 for

  6. KH 2PO4 as a novel catalyst for regioselective monobromination of aralkyl ketones using N-bromosuccinimide: a green methodology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Md. Khaja Mohinuddin

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available A simple, regioselective and green method has been developed for the preparation of monobrominated ketones from various aralkyl ketones by using N-bromosuccinimide in presence of KH 2PO 4 in EtOH at reflux temperature. The present method is of short reaction time and simple with excellent isolated yields of products. The use of eco-friendly solvent, reuse of organic waste (succinimide and recyclable catalyst used for 4 times without loss of activity are advantageous. This is the first example of the use of KH 2PO 4 as a useful catalyst in organohalogen chemistry and the present method meets reduce-reuse-recycle (RRR principle towards development of green protocol.

  7. In vitro assessments on bacterial adhesion and corrosion performance of TiN coating on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy synthesized by multi-arc ion plating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin Naiming; Huang Xiaobo; Zhang Xiangyu; Fan Ailan; Qin Lin; Tang Bin

    2012-01-01

    TiN coating was synthesized on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface by multi-arc ion plating (MIP) technique. Surface morphology, cross sectional microstructure, elemental distributions and phase compositions of the obtained coating were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), glow discharge optical emission spectroscope (GDOES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bacterial adhesion and corrosion performance of Ti6Al4V and the TiN coating were assessed via in vitro bacterial adhesion tests and corrosion experiments, respectively. The results indicated that continuous and compact coating which was built up by pure TiN with a typical columnar crystal structure has reached a thickness of 1.5 μm. This TiN coating could significantly reduce the bacterial adhesion and enhance the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V substrate.

  8. Specific features of precipitation hardening of austenitic steels with various base. 2. Kinetics and mechanism of carbide precipitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kositsyna, I.I.; Sagaradze, V.V.; Khakimova, O.N.

    1997-01-01

    Electron microscopic studies were carried out to determine the kinetics and mechanisms of precipitation hardening in Fe-Mn, Fe-Mn-Cr, Fe-Cr-Mn-N, Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Ni base stainless steels (45G20M2F2, 50Kh16G15N6M2F2, 45Kh18N10G10M2F2, 40Kh18Ni18M2F2, 45N26M2F2). The steels were heat treated under various conditions. It is revealed that in manganese steels the particles of vanadium carbide nucleate according to homogeneous mechanism at all aging temperatures (600-750 deg C). The presence of chromium in the matrix promotes the transition to heterogeneous mechanism of carbide nucleation and growth. With nickel content increasing the plasticity of precipitation hardened steels gets better due to more intense diffusion of atoms and vacancies to grain boundaries and, hence, the widening of near-boundary zones free of carbide particles

  9. Microstructural changes of Y-doped V-4Cr-4Ti alloys after ion and neutron irradiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Watanabe

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available High-purity Y-doped V-4Cr-4Ti alloys (0.1–0.2wt. % Y, manufactured by the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS, were used for this study. Heavy-ion and fission-neutron irradiation was carried out at temperatures 673–873K. During the ion irradiation at 873K, the microstructure was controlled by the formation of Ti(C,O,N precipitates lying on the (100 plane. Y addition effectively suppressed the growth of Ti(C,O,N precipitates, especially at lower dose irradiation to up to 4 dpa. However, at higher dose levels (12.0 dpa, the number density was almost at the same levels irrespective of the presence of Y. After neutron irradiation at 873K, fine titanium oxides were also observed in all V alloys. However, smaller oxide sizes were observed in the Y-doped samples under the same irradiation conditions. The detailed analysis of EDS showed that the center of the Ti(C,O,N precipitates was mainly enriched by nitrogen. The results showed that the contribution of not only oxygen atoms picked up from the irradiation environment but also nitrogen atoms is essential to understand the microstructural evolution of V-4Cr-4Ti-Y alloys.

  10. Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Sayed Ali, Samar Reda; Hussein, Abdel Hamid Ahmed; Nofal, Adel Abdel Menam Saleh; Elgazzar, Haytham Abdelrafea; Sabour, Hassan Abdel

    2017-01-01

    Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm−2. An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times. PMID:29036935

  11. Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Sayed Ali, Samar Reda; Hussein, Abdel Hamid Ahmed; Nofal, Adel Abdel Menam Saleh; Hasseb Elnaby, Salah Elden Ibrahim; Elgazzar, Haytham Abdelrafea; Sabour, Hassan Abdel

    2017-10-15

    Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm -2 . An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times.

  12. On the corrosion resistance of 01Kh25 ferritic steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eremeeva, R.A.; Koval', E.K.

    1989-01-01

    Effect of non-ferrous metal ions on corrosion behaviour of 01Kh25 specific low carbon steel as compared to austenitic 12Kh18N10T and 06KhN28MDT steels in boiling solutions of sulfuric and nitric acids and their mixture is studied. Compositions initating commercial ones are chosen the media. It is shown that trough corrosion resistance of 01Kh25 steel in 10% H 2 SO 4 is two order below 06KhN28MDT austenitic steel in presence of Cu 2+ ions as a result of the surface passivation corrosion resistance of ferritic steel is an order higher the austenitic ones. Ferrite steel resistance in the nitric acid and its mixture with sulfuric acid is five timesas much as in 12Kh18N10T austenitic steel

  13. Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Laser Synthesized Cobalt Based Powder on Ti-6Al-4V

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adesina, O. S.; Popoola, A. P. I.; Pityana, S. L.; Oloruntoba, D. T.

    2018-05-01

    The corrosion behavior of titanium alloys when used for various dynamic offshore components has been a major concern of titanium drilling risers in deepwater energy extraction. A way of achieving specified requirement is the development of coatings suitable to protect the base material against corrosion. In this work, laser cladding technique which is known as a leading edge due to its distinctive properties and outcomes was used in synthesizing Co-based powder on titanium alloy. The processing parameters used were laser power of 900W; scan speed of 0.6 to 1.2 m/min; powderfeedrate1.0g/min;beamspotsize3mm;gasflowrate1.2L/min.The effects of cobalt addition and laser parameters on corrosion behavior of laser clad Ti6AL4V coating in 0.5M sulfuric medium were investigated using linear potentiodynamic polarization. The changes in microstructure and corrosion behavior were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while the X –ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the intermetallics in the coatings. Results showed that the coatings displayed good metallurgical bonding with dendritic formations between the coatings and the substrate. The anodic current density increased with lower scan speed. However, the corrosion current densities of laser-clad samples were lower than Ti6Al4V alloy.

  14. Improved ductility and oxidation resistance of cast Ti–6Al–4V alloys by microalloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luan, J.H.; Jiao, Z.B.; Chen, G.; Liu, C.T.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Modified Ti64 alloys with improved ductility and oxidation resistance are developed. • B improves the ductility by refining grain size and enhancing boundary cohesion. • Y enhances the oxidation resistance by possibly slowing down the oxidation kinetics. - Abstract: The effects of B and Y on the mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of cast Ti–6Al–4V alloys were systematically investigated, and the new alloys with improved ductility and oxidation resistance are developed by the microalloying approach. The results indicate that boron is beneficial for improving the ductility by not only grain-size refinement but also grain-boundary enhancement, while yttrium is effective in increasing the oxidation resistance through possibly slowing down the oxidation kinetics. The improved properties, together with their high strength, make the microalloyed cast Ti–6Al–4V alloys competitive for practical engineering applications

  15. [JAK2 V617F and exon 12 genetic variations in Korean patients with BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Jeong Tae; Cho, Yong Gon; Choi, Sam Im; Lee, Young Jin; Kim, Hye Ran; Jang, Sook Jin; Moon, Dae Soo; Park, Young Jin; Park, Geon

    2010-12-01

    JAK2 genetic variations have been described in a high proportion of patients with BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). This study was designed to analyze the frequencies of JAK2 V617F and exon 12 variations, and their correlations with clinical characteristics of Korean patients with BCR/ABL1-negative MPN. We examined a total of 154 patients with BCR/ABL1-negative MPN that included 24, 26, 89, and 15 patients with polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and unclassified myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNU), respectively. We performed allele-specific PCR to detect V617F in all BCR/ABL1-negative patients, and performed direct sequencing to detect exon 12 variations in 47 V617F-negative MPN patients. JAK2 c.1641+179_183del5 variation was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay in 176 healthy subjects. JAK2 V617F was detected in 91 patients (59.1%): PV (91.6%), PMF (46.2%), ET (52.8%), and MPNU (66.7%). In V617F-negative MPN patients, no mutations were found in exon 12. The c.1641+179_183del5 was detected in 68.1% of V617F-negative MPN patients and 45.4% of healthy subjects (P=0.008). JAK2 V617F was closely correlated with age and leukocytosis in BCR/ABL1-negative MPN patients (P<0.05). However, c.1641+179_183del5 was not related to age, sex, or complete blood cell count parameters in V617F-negative MPN patients and healthy subjects. The c.1641+179_183del5 was associated with an increased odds ratio for MPN (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidences interval, 1.3-5.1; P=0.007). Frequencies of V617F are similar to reported results. JAK2 exon 12 mutations may be rare and c.1641+179_183del5 may influence the occurrence of MPN in Korean patients with V6 17F-negative MPN.

  16. Study on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Machining Applying the Non-Resonant Three-Dimensional Elliptical Vibration Cutting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mingming Lu

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The poor machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy makes it hard to process by conventional processing methods even though it has been widely used in military and civilian enterprise fields. Non-resonant three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting (3D-EVC is a novel cutting technique which is a significant development potential for difficult-to-cut materials. However, few studies have been conducted on processing the Ti-6Al-4V alloy using the non-resonant 3D-EVC technique, the effect of surface quality, roughness, topography and freeform surface has not been clearly researched yet. Therefore, the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using the non-resonant 3D-EVC apparatus is studied in this paper. Firstly, the principle of non-resonant 3D-EVC technique and the model of cutter motion are introduced. Then the tool path is synthesized. The comparison experiments are carried out with traditional continuous cutting (TCC, two-dimension elliptical vibration cutting (2D-EVC, and the non-resonant 3D-EVC method. The experimental results shown that the excellent surface and lower roughness (77.3 nm could be obtained using the non-resonant 3D-EVC method; the shape and dimension of elliptical cutting mark also relates to the cutting speed and vibration frequency, and the concave/convex spherical surface topography are achieved by non-resonant 3D-EVC in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. This proved that the non-resonant 3D-EVC technique has the better machinability compared with the TCC and 2D-EVC methods.

  17. Study of nitrogen solubility in multicomponent iron alloys at its pressure in gaseous phase up to 1000kPa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pomarin, Yu.M.; Grigorenko, G.M.; Latash, Yu.V.; Kanibolotskij, S.A.

    1983-01-01

    A facility in which metal is melted in a weighed state and nitrogen partical pressure during relting may be charge from 0 to 1000 kPa is developed to investigate nitrogen solubility is liquim metals and alloys. Investigation of nitrogen solubility was performed using samples of 03Kh25N5AM3 steel and Kh20N5, Kh20N10, Kh40N10, Kh40N20 alloys. Positive deflection of [N]=f(√Psub(Nsub(2))) dependence from the Henry law is shown to be observed in the Kh40N10 alloy in the 100-1000 kPa pressure range. In this case the vatue of positive deflection decreases with temperature growth and at T=2273 K nitrogen solubility in the alloy submits to the law of square root. An equation permitting to calculate nitrogen solubility in alloys of Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Mn systems in the 0 to 1000 kPa range of nitrogen partial pressures is obtained

  18. Optimal control of conditions of deformation during rolling the bar alloy from alloy steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inatovich, Yu.V.; Shilov, V.A.; Shvarts, D.L.; Kudelin, S.P.

    2001-01-01

    A complex of programs for determining the optimal gaps between rollers during rolling of simple merchant sections of alloy steels of a wide brand assortment (12KhN3A, Kh17N2, Kh18N10T) was elaborated. Experience in calculations made according to the programs suggests advisability of their use in the automated design systems for roller calibration and for adjustment of section mills [ru

  19. Measurement of the 19F(n,2n)18F cross section from 18 to 27 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hartmann, C.L.; DeLuca, P.M. Jr.

    1990-01-01

    the 19 F(n,2n) 18 F cross section was measured at neutron energies of 18, 21, 23, and 27 MeV. Nearly monoenergetic neutrons bombarded teflon (CF 2 ), Zr, and Au samples. 19 F(n,2n) 18 F cross section values were determined relative to nat Zr(n,xn) 89 Zr and 197 Au(n,2n) 196 Au from measurements of the 18 F, 89 Zr, and 196 Au activities. Our results are in agreement with previous measurements below 20 MeV and extend the usefulness of this reaction to 27 MeV. 22 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs

  20. Carbon fiber reinforced magnesium alloy in a Ti-6Al-4V shell

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Astanin Vasily

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Continuous carbon fiber reinforced magnesium alloy pieces in SMC Ti-6Al-4V shell have been fabricated using pressure infiltration. Similar temperatures (~700°C for superplastic formation of the shell and melting of the alloy allow this to be done in one step. The quality of infiltration of the molten alloys is found to be proportional to load. A limiting parameter in increasing the infiltration pressure is the strength of the welded bonds. Structure, fracture parameters and mechanical properties are discussed.

  1. Branching ratio and angular distribution of ejected electrons from Eu 4f76p1/2 n d auto-ionizing states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Xiao-Rui; Shen Li; Zhang Kai; Dai Chang-Jian; Yang Yu-Na

    2016-01-01

    The branching ratios of ions and the angular distributions of electrons ejected from the Eu 4f 7 6p 1/2 n d auto-ionizing states are investigated with the velocity-map-imaging technique. To populate the above auto-ionizing states, the relevant bound Rydberg states have to be detected first. Two new bound Rydberg states are identified in the region between 41150 cm −1 and 44580 cm −1 , from which auto-ionization spectra of the Eu 4f 7 6p 1/2 n d states are observed with isolated core excitation method. With all preparations above, the branching ratios from the above auto-ionizing states to different final ionic states and the angular distributions of electrons ejected from these processes are measured systematically. Energy dependence of branching ratios and anisotropy parameters within the auto-ionization spectra are carefully analyzed, followed by a qualitative interpretation. (paper)

  2. Thermodynamic analysis of binary Fe{sub 85}B{sub 15} to quinary Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} alloys for primary crystallizations of α-Fe in nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Takeuchi, A., E-mail: takeuchi@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; Zhang, Y.; Takenaka, K.; Makino, A. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)

    2015-05-07

    Fe-based Fe{sub 85}B{sub 15}, Fe{sub 84}B{sub 15}Cu{sub 1}, Fe{sub 82}Si{sub 2}B{sub 15}Cu{sub 1}, Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 12}Cu{sub 1}, and Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} (NANOMET{sup ®}) alloys were experimental and computational analyzed to clarify the features of NANOMET that exhibits high saturation magnetic flux density (B{sub s}) nearly 1.9 T and low core loss than conventional nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys. The X-ray diffraction analysis for ribbon specimens produced experimentally by melt spinning from melts revealed that the samples were almost formed into an amorphous single phase. Then, the as-quenched samples were analyzed with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experimentally for exothermic enthalpies of the primary and secondary crystallizations (ΔH{sub x1} and ΔH{sub x2}) and their crystallization temperatures (T{sub x1} and T{sub x2}), respectively. The ratio ΔH{sub x1}/ΔH{sub x2} measured by DSC experimentally tended to be extremely high for the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} alloy, and this tendency was reproduced by the analysis with commercial software, Thermo-Calc, with database for Fe-based alloys, TCFE7 for Gibbs free energy (G) assessments. The calculations exhibit that a volume fraction (V{sub f}) of α-Fe tends to increase from 0.56 for the Fe{sub 85}B{sub 15} to 0.75 for the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} alloy. The computational analysis of the alloys for G of α-Fe and amorphous phases (G{sub α-Fe} and G{sub amor}) shows that a relationship G{sub α-Fe} ∼ G{sub amor} holds for the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 12}Cu{sub 1}, whereas G{sub α-Fe} < G{sub amor} for the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} alloy at T{sub x1} and that an extremely high V{sub f} = 0.75 was achieved for the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B{sub 8}P{sub 4}Cu{sub 1} alloy by including 2.8 at. % Si and 4.5 at. % P into α-Fe. These computational results indicate that the Fe{sub 85}Si{sub 2}B

  3. Reactive resistance welding of Ti6Al4V alloy with the use of Ni(V)/Al multilayers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maj, Lukasz; Morgiel, Jerzy [Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland); Mars, Krzysztof; Godlewska, Elzbieta [Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow (Poland)

    2017-02-15

    The freestanding Ni(V)/Al multilayer foil was applied as a filler material in order to join Ti6Al4V alloy with the use of reactive resistance welding (RRW) technique. Present investigations, performed with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method, allowed to show that an application of high current (I = 400 A for 2 min in vacuum conditions ∝10{sup -1} mbar) transformed the Ni(V)/Al multilayers into fine grain (<300 nm) NiAl phase. It also showed that the RRW process led to the formation of firm connection with nanoporosity limited only to the original contact plane between base material and the foil. Simultaneously, the formation of a narrow strip of crystallites of Ti{sub 3}Al intermetallic phase elongated along the joint line (average size of ∝200 nm) was observed. The base material was separated from the joint area by a layer of up to ∝2 μm thickness of nearly defect free α-Ti and β-Ti grains from a heat affected zone (HAZ). The performed experiment proved that Ni(V)/Al multilayer could serve as a filler material for joining of Ti6Al4V alloys even without additional solder layer. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  4. Slag inclusions in vacuum-melted ingots of the KhN73MBTYu nickel base alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gorin, V.A.; Kleshchev, A.S.; Kazharskaya, L.P.

    1977-01-01

    Three types of slag inclusions in ingots of the vacuum-arc-remelted nickel alloy KhN73MBTYu are considered. Type 1 inclusions are those in the surface zone; type 2 inclusions are agglomerations of nitrides and oxides formed due to the fall of lining slag; type 3 inclusions consist of agglomerations of nitrides and oxides as a result of interaction of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen with melt components. The inclusions are removed by machining of the lateral surface. It should be noted that the presence of a large amount of slag on the surface of the molten pool adversely affects the stability of the electrical regime of melting. Strict adherence to the recommendations on the melting and pouring of the initial metal reduces the pollution of the consumable electrode with nonmetallic inclusions

  5. Development of plastic deformations in 12Kh18N10T steel under cyclic symmetrical bending of specimens of various length

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pisarenko, G.S.; Leonets, V.A.; Bega, N.D. (AN Ukrainskoj SSR, Kiev. Inst. Problem Prochnosti)

    1983-08-01

    Effect of specimen length on intensity of plastic deformation development and cyclic strength is studied for annealed 12Kh18N10T steel under cyclic symmetrical bending. The intensity of microplastic deformations and cyclic strength of annealed 12Kh18N10T steel in the considered case is due to self-heating.

  6. In vitro bio-functional performances of the novel superelastic beta-type Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ion, Raluca; Gordin, Doina-Margareta; Mitran, Valentina; Osiceanu, Petre; Dinescu, Sorina; Gloriant, Thierry; Cimpean, Anisoara

    2014-01-01

    The materials used for internal fracture fixations and joint replacements are mainly made of metals which still face problems ranging from higher rigidity than that of natural bone to leaching cytotoxic metallic ions. Beta (β)-type titanium alloys with low elastic modulus made from non-toxic and non-allergenic elements are desirable to reduce stress shielding effect and enhance bone remodeling. In this work, a new β-type Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy with a Young's modulus of approximately 50 GPa was designed and characterized. The behavior of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on the new alloy, including adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, was evaluated by examining the cytoskeleton, focal adhesion formation, metabolic activity and extracellular matrix mineralization. Results indicated that the pre-osteoblast cells exhibited a similar degree of attachment and growth on Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N and Ti–6Al–4V. However, the novel alloy proved to be significantly more efficient in sustaining mineralized matrix deposition upon osteogenic induction of the cells than Ti–6Al–4V control. Further, the analysis of RAW 264.7 macrophages cytokine gene and protein expression indicated no significant inflammatory response. Collectively, these findings suggest that the Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy, which has an increased mechanical biocompatibility with bone, allows a better osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells than Ti–6Al–4V and holds great potential for future clinical prosthetic applications. - Highlights: • A new low modulus (∼ 50 GPa) β-type Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy was synthesized. • In vitro response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages was studied. • Cellular response to Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N and Ti6Al4V was almost identical. • Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy is more efficient in sustaining matrix mineralization. • No significant inflammatory response was

  7. In vitro bio-functional performances of the novel superelastic beta-type Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ion, Raluca [University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91–95 Spl. Independentei, 050095, Bucharest (Romania); Gordin, Doina-Margareta [INSA Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226 SCR/Chimie-Métallurgie, 20 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes, F-35043 Rennes Cedex (France); Mitran, Valentina [University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91–95 Spl. Independentei, 050095, Bucharest (Romania); Osiceanu, Petre [Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Dinescu, Sorina [University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91–95 Spl. Independentei, 050095, Bucharest (Romania); Gloriant, Thierry [INSA Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226 SCR/Chimie-Métallurgie, 20 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes, F-35043 Rennes Cedex (France); Cimpean, Anisoara, E-mail: anisoara.cimpean@bio.unibuc.ro [University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91–95 Spl. Independentei, 050095, Bucharest (Romania)

    2014-02-01

    The materials used for internal fracture fixations and joint replacements are mainly made of metals which still face problems ranging from higher rigidity than that of natural bone to leaching cytotoxic metallic ions. Beta (β)-type titanium alloys with low elastic modulus made from non-toxic and non-allergenic elements are desirable to reduce stress shielding effect and enhance bone remodeling. In this work, a new β-type Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy with a Young's modulus of approximately 50 GPa was designed and characterized. The behavior of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on the new alloy, including adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, was evaluated by examining the cytoskeleton, focal adhesion formation, metabolic activity and extracellular matrix mineralization. Results indicated that the pre-osteoblast cells exhibited a similar degree of attachment and growth on Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N and Ti–6Al–4V. However, the novel alloy proved to be significantly more efficient in sustaining mineralized matrix deposition upon osteogenic induction of the cells than Ti–6Al–4V control. Further, the analysis of RAW 264.7 macrophages cytokine gene and protein expression indicated no significant inflammatory response. Collectively, these findings suggest that the Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy, which has an increased mechanical biocompatibility with bone, allows a better osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells than Ti–6Al–4V and holds great potential for future clinical prosthetic applications. - Highlights: • A new low modulus (∼ 50 GPa) β-type Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy was synthesized. • In vitro response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages was studied. • Cellular response to Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N and Ti6Al4V was almost identical. • Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–0.5N alloy is more efficient in sustaining matrix mineralization. • No significant inflammatory response was

  8. Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samar Reda Al-Sayed Ali

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD. The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm−2. An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times.

  9. Theoretical estimation of "6"4Cu production with neutrons emitted during "1"8F production with a 30 MeV medical cyclotron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Auditore, Lucrezia; Amato, Ernesto; Baldari, Sergio

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: This work presents the theoretical estimation of a combined production of "1"8F and "6"4Cu isotopes for PET applications. "6"4Cu production is induced in a secondary target by neutrons emitted during a routine "1"8F production with a 30 MeV cyclotron: protons are used to produce "1"8F by means of the "1"8O(p,n)"1"8F reaction on a ["1"8O]-H_2O target (primary target) and the emitted neutrons are used to produce "6"4Cu by means of the "6"4Zn(n,p)"6"4Cu reaction on enriched zinc target (secondary target). Methods: Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using Monte Carlo N Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code to evaluate flux and energy spectra of neutrons produced in the primary (Be+["1"8O]-H_2O) target by protons and the attenuation of neutron flux in the secondary target. "6"4Cu yield was estimated using an analytical approach based on both TENDL-2015 data library and experimental data selected from EXFOR database. Results: Theoretical evaluations indicate that about 3.8 MBq/μA of "6"4Cu can be obtained as a secondary, ‘side’ production with a 30 MeV cyclotron, for 2 h of irradiation of a proper designed zinc target. Irradiating for 2 h with a proton current of 120 μA, a yield of about 457 MBq is expected. Moreover, the most relevant contaminants result to be "6"3","6"5Zn, which can be chemically separated from "6"4Cu contrarily to what happens with proton irradiation of an enriched "6"4Ni target, which provides "6"4Cu mixed to other copper isotopes as contaminants. Conclusions: The theoretical study discussed in this paper evaluates the potential of the combined production of "1"8F and "6"4Cu for medical purposes, irradiating a properly designed target with 30 MeV protons. Interesting yields of "6"4Cu are obtainable and the estimation of contaminants in the irradiated zinc target is discussed. - Highlights: • "6"4Cu production with secondary neutrons from "1"8F production with protons was investigated. • Neutron reactions induced in enriched "6"4Zn

  10. Welding of heterogeneous 12Kh2MFSR steels with the Mn-Cr-Si-Ni system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smirnov, A.N.; Belogolov, E.I.

    1978-01-01

    The process of welding pipes of the 12Kh2MFSR pearlitic steels and austenitic steels of the Mn-Cr-Si-Ni system was studied. The filler materials were selected, and the working capacity of welded joints was examined in ageing and cyclic heatings. The microhardness of steels was measured, and the ultimate strength of welded joints was determined. The following has been established: the composite joints of steels of the Mn-Cr-Si-Ni system and 12Kh2MFSR steel are advisable to be welded on a coating layer welded by the EhA395/9 electrodes on the surface of a pipe of the 12Kh2MFSR pearlitic steel; this guarantees the sufficient working capacity of welded joints

  11. High performance Ti-6Al-4V + TiC alloy by blended elemental powder metallurgy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujii, H.; Yamazaki, T.; Horiya, T.; Takahashi, K.

    1993-01-01

    The blended elemental powder metallurgy (BE) of titanium alloys is one of the most cost saving technologies, in which the blending of titanium powder and alloying element powders (or master alloy powders), precise compaction at room temperature, and consolidation are conducted in turn. In addition to some economical and material saving advantages, the BE has a noteworthy feature, that is, the synthesis of special alloy systems which are difficult to be produced by the ingot metallurgy. A particle or fiber reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) is one of the examples, and the addition of TiC particles to the extensively used Ti-6Al 4V has succeeded in obtaining higher tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elevated temperature properties. However, the raising up of some properties sometimes deteriorates other ones in MMC, and it often prevents the practical use. In this research work, the improvement of tensile ductility and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V+TiC alloys without lowering other mechanical properties is aimed through the microstructural control

  12. Valores de referencia de la población diabética para la versión española del SF-12v2 Reference values of the Spanish version of the SF-12v2 for the diabetic population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Monteagudo Piqueras

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Los cuestionarios de salud percibida son instrumentos que proporcionan información importante para la investigación en resultados de salud. La familia de cuestionarios SF requiere valores de referencia para interpretar el impacto en calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Estudios previos han proporcionado estos valores para la población general española, pero no para condiciones específicas de enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido obtener, para la versión española del SF-12v2, los valores de referencia de la población diabética de la Región de Murcia. Métodos: Estudio transversal con encuesta telefónica a 1.500 personas representativas de los diabéticos tipo 1 y 2, no institucionalizados, de 18 años y más, de la Región de Murcia. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y percentiles de las ocho dimensiones, e índices resumen (físico y mental, del SF-12v2. Resultados: El índice de salud mental (ISM medio (50,5±12,8 fue superior al físico (ISF (42,5±11,8. En función del sexo, los hombres obtuvieron un ISM (53,6±11,6 y un ISF (44,9±11,2 mejores que las mujeres (ISM: 47,7±13,2; ISF: 40,3±11,9. La dimensión mejor valorada fue la vitalidad (hombres: 57,2±11,1; mujeres: 51,9±12,1, y la peor la salud general (hombres: 39,0±9,7; mujeres: 35,8±10,0. Estratificando por grupos de edad, los hombres seguían presentando mejores puntuaciones que las mujeres. Conclusiones: Estos resultados deben ser considerados como valores de referencia de la población diabética de la Región de Murcia de la versión española del SF-12v2, y pueden ser útiles para establecer objetivos terapéuticos, comparar con población general, sana y con otras enfermedades.Objective: Perceived health status questionnaires provide important information for health outcomes research. Reference measures are required to interpret the health-related quality of life questionnaires belonging to the short form (SF health

  13. Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Characterization of Allylic Derivatives of 6-Amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]-triazin-8(7H-one

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gene-Hsiang Lee

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available 1-Allyl- (2 and 7-allyl-6-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-8(7H-one (3 were obtained via the 18-crown-6-ether catalyzed room temperature reactionof 6-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-8(7H-one (1 with potassiumcarbonate and allyl bromide in dry acetone. The structures of these two derivatives wereverified by 2D-NMR measurements, including gHSQC and gHMBC measurements. Theminor compound 2 may possess aromatic character. A single crystal X-ray diffractionexperiment indicated that the major compound 3 crystallizes from dimethyl sulfoxide in themonoclinic space group P21/n and its molecular structure includes an attached dimethylsulfoxide molecule, resulting in the molecular formula C10H16N6O2S. Molecular structuresof 3 are linked by extensive intermolecular N-H···N hydrogen bonding [graph set C 1 (7]. 1Each molecule is attached to the dimethyl sulfoxide oxygen via N-H···O intermolecularhydrogen bonding. The structure is further stabilized by π-π stacking interactions.

  14. Effect of phase transformations on laser forming of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fan, Y.; Cheng, P.; Yao, Y.L.; Yang, Z.; Egland, K.

    2005-01-01

    In laser forming, phase transformations in the heat-affected zone take place under steep thermal cycles, and have a significant effect on the flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the laser-forming process. The flow-stress data of a material are generally provided as only dependent on strain, strain rate, and temperature, while phase transformations are determined by both temperature and temperature history. Therefore, effect of phase transformations on the flow behavior of materials in thermomechanical processing is not given necessary considerations. In the present work, both the α→β transformation during heating and the decomposition of β phase, producing martensite α ' or lamellae α dependent on cooling rate, are numerically investigated. The spatial distribution of volume fractions of phases is obtained by coupling thermal and phase transformation kinetic modeling. Consequently, the flow stress of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is calculated by the rule of mixtures based on the phase ratio and the flow stress of each single phase, which is also a function of temperature, strain, and strain rate. According to the obtained flow-stress data, the laser-forming process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is modeled by finite element method, and the deformation is predicted. A series of carefully controlled experiments are conducted to validate the theoretically predicted results

  15. Quality of the KhN73MBTYu alloy after electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shelgaeva, A.V.; Krichevets, M.I.; Shinkina, N.S.; Komissarov, A.I.

    1978-01-01

    The structure and properties of the heat-resisting KhN73MBTYu alloy are investigated after electroslag remelting (ESR) and vacuum arc (VAR) remelting in commercial furnaces. The complex investigations of the casted metal were carried out by modern methods along with the standard acceptance tests, and a number of service properties were determined. It is established that the ESR metal contains magnesium and has the reduced sulphur concentration; the alloy has more fine-grained structure at high isotropy of the properties at room and operating temperatures; higher endurance is achieved under reversal rotational bending; no laminated fractures are observed. According to the basic quality factors the ESR metal satisfies all requirements for the VAR metal. Due to exclusion of strippling of ESR electrodes and ingots the yield of steel forgings increases by 20-25% and the prime cost decreases in comparison with the industrial production of VAR metal

  16. Integral measurement of the $^{12}$C(n,p)$^{12}$B reaction up to 10 GeV

    CERN Document Server

    Žugec, P; Bosnar, D; Ventura, A; Mengoni, A; Altstadt, S; Andrzejewski, J; Audouin, L; Barbagallo, M; Bécares, V; Bečvář, F; Belloni, F; Berthoumieux, E; Billowes, J; Boccone, V; Brugger, M; Calviani, M; Calviño, F; Cano-Ott, D; Carrapiço, C; Cerutti, F; Chiaveri, E; Chin, M; Cortés, G; Cortés-Giraldo, M.A; Cosentino, L; Diakaki, M; Domingo-Pardo, C; Dressler, R; Duran, I; Eleftheriadis, C; Ferrari, A; Finocchiaro, P; Fraval, K; Ganesan, S; García, A R; Giubrone, G; Gómez-Hornillos, M B; Gonçalves, I F; González-Romero, E; Griesmayer, E; Guerrero, C; Gunsing, F; Gurusamy, P; Heinitz, S; Jenkins, D G; Jericha, E; Käppeler, F; Karadimos, D; Kivel, N; Kokkoris, M; Krtička, M; Kroll, J; Langer, C; Lederer, C; Leeb, H; Leong, L S; Meo, S Lo; Losito, R; Manousos, A; Marganiec, J; Martínez, T; Massimi, C; Mastinu, P; Mastromarco, M; Mendoza, E; Milazzo, P M; Mingrone, F; Mirea, M; Mondalaers, W; Musumarra, A; Paradela, C; Pavlik, A; Perkowski, J; Plompen, A; Praena, J; Quesada, J; Rauscher, T; Reifarth, R; Riego, A; Roman, F; Rubbia, C; Sarmento, R; Saxena, A; Schillebeeckx, P; Schmidt, S; Schumann, D; Tagliente, G; Tain, J L; Tarrío, D; Tassan-Got, L; Tsinganis, A; Valenta, S; Vannini, G; Variale, V; Vaz, P; Versaci, R; Vermeulen, M J; Vlachoudis, V; Vlastou, R; Wallner, A; Ware, T; Weigand, M; Weiß, C; Wright, T

    2016-01-01

    The integral measurement of the $^{12}$C(n,p)$^{12}$B reaction was performed at the neutron time of flight facility n_TOF at CERN. The total number of $^{12}$B nuclei produced per neutron pulse of the n_TOF beam was determined using the activation technique in combination with a time of flight technique. The cross section is integrated over the n_TOF neutron energy spectrum from reaction threshold at 13.6 MeV to 10 GeV. Having been measured up to 1 GeV on basis of the $^{235}$U(n,f) reaction, the neutron energy spectrum above 200 MeV has been reevaluated due to the recent extension of the cross section reference for this particular reaction, which is otherwise considered a standard up to 200 MeV. The results from the dedicated GEANT4 simulations have been used to evaluate the neutron flux from 1 GeV up to 10 GeV. The experimental results related to the $^{12}$C(n,p)$^{12}$B reaction are compared with the evaluated cross sections from major libraries and with the predictions of different GEANT4 models, which m...

  17. Highly efficient alkane oxidation catalyzed by [Mn(V)(N)(CN)4](2-). Evidence for [Mn(VII)(N)(O)(CN)4](2-) as an active intermediate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Li; Pan, Yi; Man, Wai-Lun; Kwong, Hoi-Ki; Lam, William W Y; Chen, Gui; Lau, Kai-Chung; Lau, Tai-Chu

    2014-05-28

    The oxidation of various alkanes catalyzed by [Mn(V)(N)(CN)4](2-) using various terminal oxidants at room temperature has been investigated. Excellent yields of alcohols and ketones (>95%) are obtained using H2O2 as oxidant and CF3CH2OH as solvent. Good yields (>80%) are also obtained using (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] in CF3CH2OH/H2O. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) are determined by using an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane (c-C6H12) and cyclohexane-d12 (c-C6D12) as substrate. The KIEs are 3.1 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.2 for oxidation by H2O2 and Ce(IV), respectively. On the other hand, the rate constants for the formation of products using c-C6H12 or c-C6D12 as single substrate are the same. These results are consistent with initial rate-limiting formation of an active intermediate between [Mn(N)(CN)4](2-) and H2O2 or Ce(IV), followed by H-atom abstraction from cyclohexane by the active intermediate. When PhCH2C(CH3)2OOH (MPPH) is used as oxidant for the oxidation of c-C6H12, the major products are c-C6H11OH, c-C6H10O, and PhCH2C(CH3)2OH (MPPOH), suggesting heterolytic cleavage of MPPH to generate a Mn═O intermediate. In the reaction of H2O2 with [Mn(N)(CN)4](2-) in CF3CH2OH, a peak at m/z 628.1 was observed in the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, which is assigned to the solvated manganese nitrido oxo species, (PPh4)[Mn(N)(O)(CN)4](-)·CF3CH2OH. On the basis of the experimental results the proposed mechanism for catalytic alkane oxidation by [Mn(V)(N)(CN)4](2-)/ROOH involves initial rate-limiting O-atom transfer from ROOH to [Mn(N)(CN)4](2-) to generate a manganese(VII) nitrido oxo active species, [Mn(VII)(N)(O)(CN)4](2-), which then oxidizes alkanes (R'H) via a H-atom abstraction/O-rebound mechanism. The proposed mechanism is also supported by density functional theory calculations.

  18. Internal carbonitriding behavior of Ni-V, Ni-Cr, and Ni-3Nb alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Allen, A.T.; Douglass, D.L.

    1999-01-01

    Ni-2V, Ni-5V, Ni-12V, Ni-10Cr, Ni-20Cr, and Ni-3Nb alloys were carbonitrided in C 3 H 6 and NH 3 gas mixtures (bal H 2 ) over the range 700--1,000 C. Carbonitridation of Ni-12V and Ni-20Cr in C 3 H 6 /NH 3 /H 2 (1.5/1.5/97 v/o) and (1.5/10/88.5 v/o) produced duplex subscales consisting of near-surface nitrides with underlying carbides. Growth of each zone obeyed the parabolic rate law under most conditions. The presence of carbon generally did not effect the depth of the nitride zones compared to nitriding the alloys in NH 3 /H 2 (10/90 v/o). However, at 700 C, the nitride zones were deeper in the carbonitrided Ni-V alloys and Ni-20Cr. The presence of nitrogen generally increased the depth of the carbide zones in Ni-12V and Ni-20Cr compared to carburizing these alloys in C 3 H 6 /H 2 (1.5/98.5 v/o). VN, CrN, and NbN formed in Ni-V, Ni-Cr, and Ni-Nb alloys, respectively, whereas the underlying carbide layers contained V 4 C 3 in Ni-12V, Cr 3 C 2 above a zone of Cr 7 C 3 in Ni-20Cr, and NbC in Ni-3Nb. The solubilities and diffusivities of nitrogen and carbon in nickel were determined. Nitrogen and carbon each exhibited retrograde solubility with temperature in pure Ni in both carbonitriding environments. Nitrogen diffusion in nickel was generally lower in each carbonitriding mixture compared to nitrogen diffusion in a nitriding environment, except at 700 C when nitrogen diffusion was higher. Carbon diffusion in nickel was generally higher in the carbonitriding environments compared to carbon diffusion in a carburizing environment

  19. ^2H(^18F,p)^19F Study at 6 MeV/u

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kozub, R. L.; Nesaraja, C. D.; Moazen, B. H.; Scott, J. P.; Bardayan, D. W.; Blackmon, J. C.; Gross, C. J.; Shapira, D.; Smith, M. S.; Batchelder, J. C.; Brune, C. R.; Champagne, A. E.; Sahin, L.; Cizewski, J. A.; Thomas, J. S.; Davinson, T.; Woods, P. J.; Greife, U.; Jewett, C.; Livesay, R. J.; Ma, Z.; Parker, P. D.

    2003-04-01

    The degree to which the (p,α) and (p,γ) reactions destroy ^18F at temperatures ˜1-4 x 10^8 K is important for understanding the synthesis of nuclei in nova explosions and for using ^18F as a monitor of nova mechanisms in gamma ray astronomy. The reactions are dominated by low-lying proton resonances near the ^18F+p threshold (E_x=6.411 MeV excitation energy in ^19Ne). To gain further information about these resonances, we have used the inverse ^18F(d,p)^19F neutron transfer reaction at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility to selectively populate corresponding mirror states in ^19F. Proton angular distributions were measured for states in ^19F in the excitation energy range 0-9 MeV. Results and implications for the ^18F+p reactions and nuclear structure will be presented. ^1Supported by DOE. ^2ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the USDOE.

  20. Heat affected zone structure in welded joints of 15Kh1M1FL, 25Kh2NMFA and 20KhN2MFA steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levenberg, N.E.; German, S.I.; Fomina, O.P.; Netesa, E.M.; Tsaryuk, A.K.; Kornienko, T.A.

    1983-01-01

    Heat affected zone (HAZ) structure of thick-walled, nature joints of 15Kh1M1FL steel for block structure of power reactors and 25Kh2NMFA and 20KhN2MFA steels for rotors - is investigated. Multi-layer arc welding is performed under conditions being created for standard components of turbines. Thermokinetics diagrams of austenite decomposition are built, phase composition and character of the structure forming at HAZ in the process of welding with preheating are studied. It is shown that at HAZ in joints of the steels under consideration in the process of welding with preheating is formed a structure of a grained bainite which is uniform in its structure and phase composition. Small volumes of round and elongated forms consisting of martensite and residual austenite are distributed in α-solid solution of the bainite. The bainite of the HAZ in welded joints possesses high hardness and great stability in the process of tempering

  1. Photocatalytic decomposition of N{sub 2}O over TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} photocatalysts heterojunction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kočí, K., E-mail: kamila.koci@vsb.cz [Institute of Environmental technologies, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava (Czech Republic); Reli, M.; Troppová, I.; Šihor, M. [Institute of Environmental technologies, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava (Czech Republic); Kupková, J. [Nanotechnology center, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava (Czech Republic); Kustrowski, P. [Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków (Poland); Praus, P. [Institute of Environmental technologies, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava (Czech Republic); Department of Chemistry, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava (Czech Republic)

    2017-02-28

    Highlights: • TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} photocatalysts with the various TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} weight ratios. • N{sub 2}O photocatalytic decomposition under UVC and UVA irradiation. • Heterojunction on the TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} interface play an important role. • Optimal ratio of TiO{sub 2}:g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} was 1:2 for the highest activity at UVA irradiation. - Abstract: TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} photocatalysts with the various TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} weight ratios from 1:2 to 1:6 were fabricated by mechanical mixing in water suspension followed by calcination. Pure TiO{sub 2} was prepared by thermal hydrolysis and pure g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} was prepared from commercial melamine by thermal annealing at 620 °C. All the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoelectrochemical measurements and nitrogen physisorption. The prepared mixtures along with pure TiO{sub 2} and g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} were tested for the photocatalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide under UVC (λ = 254 nm), UVA (λ = 365 nm) and Vis (λ > 400 nm) irradiation. The TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanocomposites showed moderate improvement compared to pure g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} but pure TiO{sub 2} proved to be a better photocatalyst under UVC irradiation. However, under UVA irradiation conditions, the photocatalytic activity of TiO{sub 2}/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} (1:2) nanocomposite exhibited an increase compared to pure TiO{sub 2}. Nevertheless, further increase of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} amount leads/led to a decrease in reactivity. These results are suggesting the nanocomposite with the optimal weight ratio of TiO{sub 2} and g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} have shifted absorption edge energy towards longer wavelengths and decreased the recombination rate of charge carriers compared to pure g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}. This is

  2. In vivo evaluation in rats of [18F]1-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine as a potential radiotracer for PET assessment of CNS sigma-1 receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Waterhouse, Rikki N.; Chang, Raymond C.; Zhao, Jun; Carambot, Patty E.

    2006-01-01

    Introduction: Sigma-1 receptors are expressed throughout the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression. We have recently evaluated the high-affinity (K D =0.5±0.2 nM, log P=2.9) sigma-1 receptor radiotracer [ 18 F]1-(3-fluoropropyl)-4-(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)piperidine, [ 18 F]FPS, in humans. In contrast to appropriate kinetics exhibited in baboon brain, in the human CNS, [ 18 F]FPS does not reach pseudoequilibrium by 4 h, supporting the development of a lower-affinity tracer [Waterhouse RN, Nobler MS, Chang RC, Zhou Y, Morales O, Kuwabara H, et al. First evaluation of the sigma-1 receptor radioligand [ 18 F]1-3-fluoropropyl-4-((4-cyanophenoxy)-methyl)piperidine ([ 18 F]FPS) in healthy humans. Neuroreceptor Mapping 2004, July 15-18th, Vancouver, BC Canada 2004]. We describe herein the in vivo evaluation in rats of [ 18 F]1-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine ([ 18 F]SFE) (K D =5 nM, log P=2.4), a structurally similar, lower-affinity sigma-1 receptor radioligand. Methods: [ 18 F]SFE was synthesized (n=4) as previously described in good yield (54±6% EOB), high specific activity (2.1±0.6 Ci/μmol EOS) and radiochemical purity (98±1%) and evaluated in awake adult male rats. Results: Similar to [ 18 F]FPS, regional brain radioactivity concentrations [percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), 15 min] for [ 18 F]SFE were highest in occipital cortex (1.86±0.06 %ID/g) and frontal cortex (1.76±0.38 %ID/g), and lowest in the hippocampus (1.01±0.02%ID/g). Unlike [ 18 F]FPS, [ 18 F]SFE cleared from the brain with ∼40% reduction in peak activity over a 90-min period. Metabolite analysis (1 h) revealed that [ 18 F]SFE was largely intact in the brain. Blocking studies showed a large degree (>80%) of saturable binding for [ 18 F]SFE in discrete brain regions. Conclusions: We conclude that [ 18 F]SFE exhibits excellent characteristics in vivo and may provide

  3. A Comparison in Mechanical Properties of Cermets of Calcium Silicate with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Hard Tissues Replacement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Azim Ataollahi Oshkour

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This study investigated the impact of calcium silicate (CS content on composition, compressive mechanical properties, and hardness of CS cermets with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V alloys sintered at 1200°C. The powder metallurgy route was exploited to prepare the cermets. New phases of materials of Ni16Ti6Si7, CaTiO3, and Ni31Si12 appeared in cermet of Ti-55Ni with CS and in cermet of Ti-6Al-4V with CS, the new phases Ti5Si3, Ti2O, and CaTiO3, which were emerged during sintering at different CS content (wt%. The minimum shrinkage and density were observed in both groups of cermets for the 50 and 100 wt% CS content, respectively. The cermets with 40 wt% of CS had minimum compressive Young’s modulus. The minimum of compressive strength and strain percentage at maximum load were revealed in cermets with 50 and 40 wt% of CS with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V cermets, respectively. The cermets with 80 and 90 wt% of CS showed more plasticity than the pure CS. It concluded that the composition and mechanical properties of sintered cermets of Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V with CS significantly depend on the CS content in raw cermet materials. Thus, the different mechanical properties of the cermets can be used as potential materials for different hard tissues replacements.

  4. A Comparison in Mechanical Properties of Cermets of Calcium Silicate with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Hard Tissues Replacement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pramanik, Sumit; Shirazi, Seyed Farid Seyed; Mehrali, Mehdi; Yau, Yat-Huang; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan

    2014-01-01

    This study investigated the impact of calcium silicate (CS) content on composition, compressive mechanical properties, and hardness of CS cermets with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V alloys sintered at 1200°C. The powder metallurgy route was exploited to prepare the cermets. New phases of materials of Ni16Ti6Si7, CaTiO3, and Ni31Si12 appeared in cermet of Ti-55Ni with CS and in cermet of Ti-6Al-4V with CS, the new phases Ti5Si3, Ti2O, and CaTiO3, which were emerged during sintering at different CS content (wt%). The minimum shrinkage and density were observed in both groups of cermets for the 50 and 100 wt% CS content, respectively. The cermets with 40 wt% of CS had minimum compressive Young's modulus. The minimum of compressive strength and strain percentage at maximum load were revealed in cermets with 50 and 40 wt% of CS with Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V cermets, respectively. The cermets with 80 and 90 wt% of CS showed more plasticity than the pure CS. It concluded that the composition and mechanical properties of sintered cermets of Ti-55Ni and Ti-6Al-4V with CS significantly depend on the CS content in raw cermet materials. Thus, the different mechanical properties of the cermets can be used as potential materials for different hard tissues replacements. PMID:25538954

  5. Feasibility study of the production of biomedical Ti-6Al-4V alloy by powder metallurgy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bolzoni, L; Ruiz-Navas, E M; Gordo, E

    2015-04-01

    Titanium and its alloys are characterized by an exceptional combination of properties like high strength, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility which makes them suitable materials for biomedical prosthesis and devices. The wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy is generally favored in comparison to other metallic biomaterials due to its relatively low elastic modulus and it has been long used to obtain products for biomedical applications. In this work an alternative route to fabricate biomedical implants made out of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy is investigated. Specifically, the feasibility of the conventional powder metallurgy route of cold uniaxial pressing and sintering is addressed by considering two types of powders (i.e. blended elemental and prealloyed). The characterization of physical properties, chemical analysis, mechanical behavior and microstructural analysis is carried out in-depth and the properties are correlated among them. On the base of the results found, the produced alloys are promising materials for biomedical applications as well as cheaper surgical devices and tools. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Effects of boron additions and solutionizing treatments on microstructures and ductility of forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luan, J.H.; Jiao, Z.B.; Chen, G.; Liu, C.T.

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Proper boron additions and heat-treatments improve the ductility of Ti64 alloys. • Coarse TiB precipitates embrittle the Ti64 alloys causing ductility loss. • Modified Ti64 forged alloys with high strength and high ductility are developed. - Abstract: The effects of boron additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys in different heat-treatment conditions have been characterized by both experimental studies and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicate a combination of proper post-forging treatments and B additions are helpful for control of the prior-β grain size and the volume fraction of α phase, thereby tuning the ductility of the forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys. However, the B-containing alloys exhibit a significant drop in ductility if the solutionizing temperature is too high, and this embrittlement is mainly due to the coarsening of brittle TiB borides. The mechanism in this case is due to the cleavage fracture of TiB rather than its debonding with the matrix, as indicated by the observation of the aligned TiB borides on the matching areas of both halves of the fracture surfaces. Thus, the TiB size and orientation, the prior-β grain size, and the volume fraction of the α phase all play important roles in controlling the mechanical properties of the forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys. The current findings shed light on the composition–microstructure–ductility relationship in the forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys

  7. Effects of boron additions and solutionizing treatments on microstructures and ductility of forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Luan, J.H.; Jiao, Z.B. [Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (China); Chen, G. [Engineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and Design, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Liu, C.T., E-mail: chainliu@cityu.edu.hk [Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (China)

    2015-03-05

    Highlights: • Proper boron additions and heat-treatments improve the ductility of Ti64 alloys. • Coarse TiB precipitates embrittle the Ti64 alloys causing ductility loss. • Modified Ti64 forged alloys with high strength and high ductility are developed. - Abstract: The effects of boron additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys in different heat-treatment conditions have been characterized by both experimental studies and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicate a combination of proper post-forging treatments and B additions are helpful for control of the prior-β grain size and the volume fraction of α phase, thereby tuning the ductility of the forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys. However, the B-containing alloys exhibit a significant drop in ductility if the solutionizing temperature is too high, and this embrittlement is mainly due to the coarsening of brittle TiB borides. The mechanism in this case is due to the cleavage fracture of TiB rather than its debonding with the matrix, as indicated by the observation of the aligned TiB borides on the matching areas of both halves of the fracture surfaces. Thus, the TiB size and orientation, the prior-β grain size, and the volume fraction of the α phase all play important roles in controlling the mechanical properties of the forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys. The current findings shed light on the composition–microstructure–ductility relationship in the forged Ti–6Al–4V alloys.

  8. Study of creep of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zepka, Susana; Yogi, Lucila Mayumi; Silva, Maria Margareth da; Reis, Danieli Aparecida Pereira; Moura Neto, Carlos de; Oliveira, Vinicius Souza de; Ueda, Mario

    2010-01-01

    This study aims to investigate the creep resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy after surface modification by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). For the PIII treatment it was used nitrogen gas (ion implantation) to the formation of plasma, the material was treated for 100 minutes. After PIII treatment the samples were analyzed using the techniques of X-ray diffraction, spectrometry energy dispersive X-ray and atomic force microscopy. The creep tests were realized at 600°C, at constant load of 250 and 319 MPa. After the creep tests the samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. By chemical analysis by X-ray and EDS it is possible to determinate the Ti 2 N on the surface. Through the study of the creep curves it is observed an increasing in creep resistance of the alloy after PIII treatment. (author)

  9. Microstructures and properties of TiN reinforced Co-based composite coatings modified with Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} by laser cladding on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Weng, Fei, E-mail: wengfeisdu@126.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250061 (China); Shandong University, Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123 (China); Yu, Huijun, E-mail: yhj2001@sdu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250061 (China); Shandong University, Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123 (China); Chen, Chuanzhong, E-mail: czchen@sdu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250061 (China); Shandong University, Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123 (China); Liu, Jianli, E-mail: jianli21s@163.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250061 (China); Shandong University, Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123 (China); Zhao, Longjie, E-mail: zhaoljsdu@sina.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250061 (China); Shandong University, Suzhou Institute, Suzhou 215123 (China)

    2015-11-25

    In this study, TiN reinforced composite coatings were fabricated on Ti–6Al–4V substrate by laser cladding with Co42 self-fluxing alloy, TiN and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} mixed powders. Microstructures and wear resistance of the cladding coatings with and without Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition were investigated comparatively. Results showed that the coatings were mainly comprised of γ-Co/Ni, TiN, CoTi, CoTi{sub 2}, NiTi, TiC, Cr{sub 7}C{sub 3}, TiB, Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and TiC{sub 0.3}N{sub 0.7} phases. The coatings showed metallurgical bonding free of pores and cracks with the substrate. Compared with the Ti–6Al–4V substrate, the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings was enhanced by 3–4 times and 9.5–11.9 times, respectively. With 1.0 wt.% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition, the microstructure of the coating was refined significantly, and the microhardness and dry sliding wear resistance were enhanced further. The effects of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} were attributed to the residual Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and decomposed Y atoms. - Graphical abstract: The diagram illustration for the action mechanism of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}: (a) dissolution of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TiN, (b) re-formation of TiN and in situ formation of TiC, (c) growth of TiN, TiC and the distribution of Y atoms. - Highlights: • Coatings showing metallurgical bonding with the substrate were fabricated. • The effect of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} on the refinement of the microstructure is notable. • A kind of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} centered core–shell structure was picked out in the coating. • Microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings was enhanced significantly.

  10. Unprecedented connection mode of [V{sub 16}Sb{sub 4}O{sub 42}(H{sub 2}O)]{sup 8-} cluster anions by Mn{sup 2+} centered complexes. Solvothermal synthesis and properties of {[Mn(teta)]_4V_1_6Sb_4O_4_2(H_2O)}{sub n}.[(H{sub 2}O){sub 12}]{sub n}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rasmussen, Maren; Naether, Christian; Bensch, Wolfgang [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (Germany); Leusen, Jan van; Koegerler, Paul [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (Germany)

    2017-11-17

    The new compound {[Mn(teta)]_4V_1_6Sb_4O_4_2}{sub n}.[(H{sub 2}O){sub 12}]{sub n} (teta = triethylenetetraamine) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The crystal structure features the high nuclearity [V{sub 16}{sup IV}Sb{sub 4}{sup III}O{sub 42}(H{sub 2}O)]{sup 8-} cluster anion, which consists of two rings composed of 8 edge-sharing VO{sub 5} polyhedra. The rings are perpendicular to each other generating four niches, which are occupied by two VO{sub 5} pyramids and two handle-like Sb{sub 2}O{sub 5} units. The two unique anions are each surrounded by eight Mn{sup 2+} centered complexes via Mn-O{sub term}-V bonds. Such an expansion has never been observed in heterometal polyoxovanadate chemistry. The connection mode between cluster anions and complex cations generates two individual layers stacked onto each other. Between the layers weak Sb..O contacts are observed. The crystal water molecules are mainly located in the empty space between the layers. Upon heating H{sub 2}O molecules are removed, while the crystal structure remains intact. The magnetic behavior is dominated by strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the central V{sup 4+} ions, while the interaction between the cluster anion and central Mn{sup 2+} ions is significantly less pronounced. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  11. Osseointegration of loaded dental implant with KrF laser hydroxylapatite films on Ti6Al4V alloy by minipigs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dostalova, Tatjana; Himmlova, Lucia; Jelinek, Miroslav; Grivas, Christos

    2001-04-01

    This study was performed with the objective of evaluating osseointegration of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V dental implants coated with hydroxylapatite (HA) deposited by a KrF laser. For this a KrF excimer laser and stainless-steel deposition chamber were used. The thickness of the HA films was approximately 1 micrometers . IN this investigation experimental animals minipigs were used; the implants were placed vertically into the lower jaw. After 14 weeks of unloaded osseointegration, metal-ceramic crowns were inserted and, at the same time, fluorescent solution was injected into the experimental animals. Six months after insertion of crowns the animals were sacrificed. The vertical position of the implants was checked by a radiograph. Microscopic sections were cut and ground, and the sections were examined under polarized and fluorescent light using a microscope with a charge coupled device camera. The six month long osseointegration in the lower jaw has confirmed the presence of newly formed bone around all the implants. In the experimental group, which had a laser-deposited coating, the layer of fibrous connective tissue was seen only randomly. In the control group (titanium implant without a cover) the fibrous connective tissue between the implant and the newly formed bone was observed more frequently, but this difference was not significant.

  12. Cross section measurement for the 10B(n ,t 2 α ) three-body reaction at 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 MeV. II. Experimental setup and results

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Zhimin; Bai, Huaiyong; Zhang, Luyu; Jiang, Haoyu; Lu, Yi; Chen, Jinxiang; Zhang, Guohui; Gledenov, Yu. M.; Sedysheva, M. V.; Khuukhenkhuu, G.

    2017-10-01

    Cross sections of the 10B(n ,t 2 α ) three-body reaction were measured at En=4.0 , 4.5, and 5.0 MeV using a twin gridded ionization chamber and a thin-film 10B sample. The present paper is the second part of the work. A digital data-acquisition system was developed for the gridded ionization chamber based on the waveform digitizer. A thin-film 10B sample was designed and prepared. The number of 10B atoms in the sample was determined by the relative method using the thermal neutron induced 10B(nt h,α )7Li and 6Li(nt h,t )4He reactions with a 6LiF sample as the reference. The measurement of the 10B(n ,t 2 α ) reaction was performed at the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of Peking University. In the measurement, the double-coincidence technique was used, which involves the forward-backward and the grid-anode coincidence. In the data processing, the effective event area in the forward two-dimensional spectrum and the time window in the drift-time spectrum were employed to reject the background events. Cross sections of the 10B(n ,t 2 α ) and 10B(n ,α )7Li reactions were obtained. The present results are compared with the data of existing measurements and evaluations.

  13. Interface and properties of the friction stir welded joints of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V with aluminum alloy 6061

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, Aiping; Song, Zhihua; Nakata, Kazuhiro; Liao, Jinsun; Zhou, Li

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Friction stir butt welding of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and aluminum alloy A6061-T6. • Welding parameters affect interfacial microstructure of the joint. • Welding parameters affect the mechanical property of joint and fracture position. • Joining mechanism of Ti6Al4V/A6061 dissimilar alloys by FSW is investigated. - Abstract: Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and aluminum alloy 6061 dissimilar material joints were made with friction stir welding (FSW) method. The effects of welding parameters, including the stir pin position, the rotating rate and the travel speed of the tool, on the interface and the properties of the joints were investigated. The macrostructure of the joints and the fracture surfaces of the tensile test were observed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The interface reaction layer was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The factors affecting the mechanical properties of the joints were discussed. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the joints and the fracture location are mainly dependent on the rotating rate, and the interface and intermetallic compound (IMC) layer are the governing factor. There is a continuous 100 nm thick TiAl 3 IMC at the interface when the rotating rate is 750 rpm. When the welding parameters were appropriate, the joints fractured in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the aluminum alloy and the strength of the joints could reach 215 MPa, 68% of the aluminum base material strength, as well as the joint could endure large plastic deformation

  14. The [U{sub 2}F{sub 12}]{sup 2-} anion of Sr[U{sub 2}F{sub 12}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Scheibe, Benjamin; Pietzonka, Clemens; Conrad, Matthias; Kraus, Florian [Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg (Germany); Mustonen, Otto; Karppinen, Maarit; Karttunen, Antti J. [Department of Chemistry, Aalto University (Finland); Atanasov, Mihail; Neese, Frank [Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Muelheim an der Ruhr (Germany)

    2018-03-05

    The D{sub 2h}-symmetric dinuclear complex anion [U{sub 2}F{sub 12}]{sup 2-} of pastel green Sr[U{sub 2}F{sub 12}] shows a hitherto unknown structural feature: The coordination polyhedra around the U atoms are edge-linked monocapped trigonal prisms, the U{sup V} atoms are therefore seven-coordinated. This leads to a U-U distance of 3.8913(6) Aa. A weak U{sup V}-U{sup V} interaction is observed for the dinuclear [U{sub 2}F{sub 12}]{sup 2-} complex and described by the antiferromagnetic exchange J{sub exp} of circa -29.9 cm{sup -1}. The crystalline compound can be easily prepared from SrF{sub 2} and β-UF{sub 5} in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) at room temperature. It was studied by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman and UV/VIS spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and by molecular as well as by solid-state quantum chemical calculations. (copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  15. Qualification of Ti6Al4V ELI Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Biomedical Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yadroitsev, I.; Krakhmalev, P.; Yadroitsava, I.; Du Plessis, A.

    2018-03-01

    Rectangular Ti6Al4V extralow interstitials (ELI) samples were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in vertical and horizontal orientations relative to the build platform and subjected to various heat treatments. Detailed analyses of porosity, microstructure, residual stress, tensile properties, fatigue, and fracture surfaces were performed based on x-ray micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction methods. The types of fracture and the tensile fracture mechanisms of the LPBF Ti6Al4V ELI alloy were also studied. Detailed analysis of the microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties were compared against standard specifications for conventional Ti6Al4V alloy for use in surgical implant applications. Conclusions regarding the mechanical properties and heat treatment of LPBF Ti6Al4V ELI for biomedical applications are made.

  16. Water vapor pressure over molten KH2PO4 and demonstration of water electrolysis at ∼300ºC

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Berg, Rolf W.; Nikiforov, Aleksey Valerievich; Petrushina, Irina

    2016-01-01

    A new potentially high-efficiency electrolyte for water electrolysis: molten monobasic potassium phosphate, KH2PO4 or KDP has been investigated at temperatures ∼275–325 °C. At these temperatures, KH2PO4 was found to dissociate into H2O gas in equilibrium with a melt mixture of KH2PO4—K2H2P2O7—KPO3...... of water and methane or hydrogen to be 0.40 ± 0.02 or 1.2 ± 0.03. At equilibrium the vapor pressure was much lower than the vapor pressure above liquid water at the same temperature. Electrolysis was realized by passing current through closed ampoules (vacuum sealed quartz glass electrolysis cells...... with platinum electrodes and the electrolyte melt). The formation of mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen gases as well as the water vapor was detected by Raman spectroscopy. In this way it was demonstrated that water is present in the new electrolyte: molten KH2PO4 can be split by electrolysis via the reaction 2H2O...

  17. Empty 4f states in TmS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wachter, P.; Grioni, M.

    1998-01-01

    The reflectivity of TmS single crystals has been measured between 2 meV and 12 eV at room temperature and at 6 K. Besides 3p 6 -5d interband transitions a plasma edge due to free carriers is observed. In the middle infrared (near 50 meV) two sharp lines are found which are interpreted as transitions from the Fermi level into empty crystal field split 4f 13 states. A Bremsstrahlen isochromat spectroscopy (BIS) measurement supports the assumption that the empty 4f 13 state is close to the Fermi energy. (orig.)

  18. Comparison on mechanical anisotropies of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 304 stainless steel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yu, Hanchen; Yang, Jingjing; Yin, Jie; Wang, Zemin, E-mail: zmwang@hust.edu.cn; Zeng, Xiaoyan

    2017-05-17

    Near-fully dense Ti-6Al-4V and 304 stainless steel samples have been produced applying selective laser melting (SLM) in the present work. The microstructures, textures and microhardnesses on horizontal and vertical cross sections, as well as the tensile properties of horizontally and vertically SLMed samples are investigated. It is found that the microstructures of the two SLMed alloys are mainly composed of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) martensitic phase or face-centered cubic (FCC) austenitic phase within columnar structures in Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 304 stainless steel, respectively. For both SLMed alloys, the tensile properties and microhardnesses show anisotropic though the textures are weak. Especially, the Ti-6Al-4V samples show even stronger anisotropic mechanical properties compared with 304 stainless steel. The higher length-width ratios of the columnar structures, rather than the weaker textures or the less symmetry of HCP crystal structure in SLMed Ti-6Al-4V are believed to be responsible for the stronger mechanical anisotropies. As expected, heat treatment is an effective method to eliminate columnar structures and leads to nearly isotropic mechanical properties.

  19. Study on magnetic properties of (Nd{sub 0.8}Ce{sub 0.2}){sub 2−x}Fe{sub 12}Co{sub 2}B (x = 0–0.6) alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tan, G.S.; Xu, H., E-mail: huixu8888@shu.edu.cn; Yu, L.Y.; Tan, X.H.; Zhang, Q.; Gu, Y.; Hou, X.L.

    2017-09-01

    Highlights: • (Nd{sub 0.8}Ce{sub 0.2}){sub 2−x}Fe{sub 12}Co{sub 2}B alloys are prepared by melt-spinning method with simultaneously decreasing of Nd, Ce concentration. • The magnetic properties B{sub r}, (BH){sub max} and squareness are all improved with an appropriate reduction of Nd, Ce concentration. • Magnetic field heat treatment offers a significant improvement in B{sub r}, (BH){sub max} and squareness. - Abstract: In the present work, (Nd{sub 0.8}Ce{sub 0.2}){sub 2−x}Fe{sub 12}Co{sub 2}B (x = 0–0.6) permanent alloys are prepared by melt-spinning method. The hard magnetic properties of (Nd{sub 0.8}Ce{sub 0.2}){sub 2−x}Fe{sub 12}Co{sub 2}B (x = 0–0.6) alloys annealed at optimum temperatures have been investigated systematically. Depending on the Nd, Ce concentration, the maximum energy product ((BH){sub max}) and remanence (B{sub r}) increase gradually with x in the range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, whereas decrease gradually in the alloys with 0.4 < x ≤ 0.6. It is found that the optimum magnetic properties are obtained at x = 0.4: H{sub ci} = 4.9 kOe, B{sub r} = 10.1 kG, (BH){sub max} = 13.7 MGOe. Specifically, magnetic field heat treatment below the Curie temperature is applied for (Nd{sub 0.8}Ce{sub 0.2}){sub 1.6}Fe{sub 12}Co{sub 2}B (x = 0.4) annealed ribbons. The magnetic properties B{sub r}, (BH){sub max} and squareness are all enhanced after the magnetic field heat treatment. The (BH){sub max} shows a substantial increase from 13.7 MGOe to 16.0 MGOe after the heat treatment at 623 K with a magnetic field of 1 T, which gets 17% improvement compared with that of the sample without a magnetic field heat treatment. We demonstrate that the magnetic field heat treatment plays a certain role in the magnetization reversal behavior and can improve the microstructure of (Nd{sub 0.8}Ce{sub 0.2}){sub 1.6}Fe{sub 12}Co{sub 2}B alloy.

  20. Shock-induced mechanical response and spall fracture behavior of an extra-low interstitial grade Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ren, Yu; Wang, Fuchi [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Tan, Chengwen, E-mail: tanchengwen@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Wang, Shuyou [State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Yu, Xiaodong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Jiang, Jianwei [State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Ma, Honglei [China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094 (China); Cai, Hongnian [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China)

    2013-08-20

    The mechanical response and spall fracture behavior of an extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti–6Al–4V alloy are systemically investigated during one-dimensional shock loading. The effects of oxygen content on the shock response and dynamic failure characteristic of Ti–6Al–4V are also shown through the comparison of the obtained results with those for commercial Ti–6Al–4V. The measured Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of Ti–6Al–4V ELI is lower than that of commercial Ti–6Al–4V. While the fitted shock parameters and the measured Hugoniot in the stress-particle velocity space of Ti–6Al–4V ELI are found to be almost identical to those of commercial Ti–6Al–4V. These results indicate that the oxygen content can significantly affect the HEL of Ti–6Al–4V, but has little or no influence on the shock response of this alloy beyond the HEL. The postshock Ti–6Al–4V ELI does not display shock-induced strengthening during quasistatic and dynamic compression tests. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses reveal that the lack of high density dislocations or dislocation cells limits the shock-induced strengthening effect, although dislocation multiplication and tangles lead to increased yield strength and strain hardening rate of the reloaded material. Finally, Ti–6Al–4V ELI is demonstrated to spall in a ductile manner, and has similar spall strengths to those of commercial Ti–6Al–4V under different shock loading conditions. The oxygen content exerts no effect on the spall fracture manner of Ti–6Al–4V, although reducing the oxygen content enables this alloy to endure more micro-damages.

  1. Shock-induced mechanical response and spall fracture behavior of an extra-low interstitial grade Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ren, Yu; Wang, Fuchi; Tan, Chengwen; Wang, Shuyou; Yu, Xiaodong; Jiang, Jianwei; Ma, Honglei; Cai, Hongnian

    2013-01-01

    The mechanical response and spall fracture behavior of an extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti–6Al–4V alloy are systemically investigated during one-dimensional shock loading. The effects of oxygen content on the shock response and dynamic failure characteristic of Ti–6Al–4V are also shown through the comparison of the obtained results with those for commercial Ti–6Al–4V. The measured Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of Ti–6Al–4V ELI is lower than that of commercial Ti–6Al–4V. While the fitted shock parameters and the measured Hugoniot in the stress-particle velocity space of Ti–6Al–4V ELI are found to be almost identical to those of commercial Ti–6Al–4V. These results indicate that the oxygen content can significantly affect the HEL of Ti–6Al–4V, but has little or no influence on the shock response of this alloy beyond the HEL. The postshock Ti–6Al–4V ELI does not display shock-induced strengthening during quasistatic and dynamic compression tests. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses reveal that the lack of high density dislocations or dislocation cells limits the shock-induced strengthening effect, although dislocation multiplication and tangles lead to increased yield strength and strain hardening rate of the reloaded material. Finally, Ti–6Al–4V ELI is demonstrated to spall in a ductile manner, and has similar spall strengths to those of commercial Ti–6Al–4V under different shock loading conditions. The oxygen content exerts no effect on the spall fracture manner of Ti–6Al–4V, although reducing the oxygen content enables this alloy to endure more micro-damages

  2. Fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by plasma immersion ion implantation: temperature effect.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Velloso Verônica

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This research studied Ti-6Al-4V alloy behavior with two (2 different microstructure subjected to nitrogen addition by PIII treatment, with and without sample heating, under cyclic load. PIII conditions, at 390 °C, were DC voltage of 9.5 kV, frequency of 1.5 kHz and pulse of 40 μs. PIII conditions, with sample heating at 800 °C, were 7 kV, 0.4 kHz and 30 μs. Axial fatigue tests were performed on untreated and treated samples for resistance to fatigue comparison. The untreated Ti-6Al-4V had an annealed microstructure, PIII treatment at 390 °C resulted in a microstructure that has no nitride layer or diffusion zone. In the PIII treatment at 800 °C, the microstructure presented nitride layer and diffusion zone. Resistance to fatigue decreased with PIII treatments in both temperatures. At 390 °C, the treatment created deformation regions and cracks on surface due to nitrogen implantation that formed solid solution with titanium and imposed lattice strains on the crystal lattice. At 800 °C, bulk ductility decrease, increasing of αTi proportion in microstructure due to α case formation and the presence of a ceramic layer dropped fatigue resistance of Ti-6A-4V alloy.

  3. Formation of Ca/P ceramic coatings by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez-Jaimes, Y.; Naranjo, D. I.; Blanco, S.; García-Vergara, S. J.

    2017-12-01

    The formation of PEO ceramic coatings on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy was investigated using a phosphate/calcium containing electrolyte at 300 and 400V at 310K for different times. The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) coated specimens were then heat treated at 873 and 1073K for 2 hours. Scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to study the composition and the morphology of the ceramic coatings. The corrosion behaviour of the coatings was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). The PEO-treated specimens primarily revealed a porous structure with thickness between 4 and 12μm, according to the voltage and process time used. The coatings are mainly composed of hydroxyapatite; however, as the voltage and anodizing time increase, the Ca/P ratio decreases. Generally, the corrosion resistance of the alloy was improved by the PEO-treated coatings, although the specimens treated at 1073K showed the presence of cracks that reduced the protective effect of the coatings.

  4. Integral measurement of the {sup 12}C(n, p){sup 12}B reaction up to 10 GeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zugec, P.; Bosnar, D. [University of Zagreb, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagreb (Croatia); Colonna, N.; Barbagallo, M.; Mastromarco, M.; Tagliente, G.; Variale, V. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari (Italy); Ventura, A. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bologna (Italy); Mengoni, A. [ENEA, Bologna (Italy); Altstadt, S.; Langer, C.; Lederer, C.; Reifarth, R.; Schmidt, S.; Weigand, M. [Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt (Germany); Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.; Perkowski, J. [Uniwersytet Lodzki, Lodz (Poland); Audouin, L.; Leong, L.S.; Tassan-Got, L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 - IPN, Orsay (France); Becares, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Garcia, A.R.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain); Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.; Kroll, J.; Valenta, S. [Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Belloni, F.; Mondalaers, W.; Plompen, A.; Schillebeeckx, P. [European Commission JRC, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel (Belgium); Berthoumieux, E.; Fraval, K.; Gunsing, F. [CEA/Saclay - IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Billowes, J.; Ware, T.; Wright, T. [University of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom); Boccone, V.; Brugger, M.; Calviani, M.; Cerutti, F.; Chiaveri, E.; Chin, M.; Ferrari, A.; Guerrero, C.; Losito, R.; Roman, F.; Rubbia, C.; Tsinganis, A.; Versaci, R.; Vlachoudis, V.; Weiss, C. [CERN, Geneva (Switzerland); Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Gomez-Hornillos, M.B.; Riego, A. [Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain); Carrapico, C.; Goncalves, I.F.; Sarmento, R.; Vaz, P. [Universidade de Lisboa, C2TN-Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa (Portugal); Cortes-Giraldo, M.A.; Praena, J.; Quesada, J. [Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla (Spain); Cosentino, L.; Finocchiaro, P. [INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (Italy); Diakaki, M.; Karadimos, D.; Kokkoris, M.; Vlastou, R. [National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens (Greece); Domingo-Pardo, C.; Giubrone, G.; Tain, J.L. [CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Valencia (Spain); Dressler, R.; Heinitz, S.; Kivel, N.; Schumann, D. [Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen (Switzerland); Duran, I.; Tarrio, D. [Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Eleftheriadis, C.; Manousos, A. [Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (Greece); Ganesan, S.; Gurusamy, P.; Saxena, A. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai (India); Griesmayer, E.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H. [Atominstitut der Oesterreichischen Universitaeten, Technische Universitaet Wien, Wien (Austria); Jenkins, D.G.; Vermeulen, M.J. [University of York, York, Heslington (United Kingdom); Kaeppeler, F. [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut fuer Kernphysik, Karlsruhe (Germany); Lo Meo, S. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bologna (Italy); ENEA, Bologna (Italy); Massimi, C.; Mingrone, F.; Vannini, G. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Bologna (IT); INFN, Bologna (IT); Mastinu, P. [Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro (IT); Milazzo, P.M. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste (IT); Mirea, M. [Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH, Magurele (RO); Musumarra, A. [Universita di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia DFA, Catania (IT); INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (IT); Paradela, C. [European Commission JRC, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel (BE); Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (ES); Pavlik, A. [Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Wien (AT); Rauscher, T. [University of Hertfordshire, Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, Hatfield (GB); University of Basel, Department of Physics, Basel (CH); Wallner, A. [Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Wien (AT); Australian National University, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Canberra (AU)

    2016-04-15

    The integral measurement of the {sup 12}C(n, p){sup 12}B reaction was performed at the neutron time-of-flight facility nTOF at CERN. The total number of {sup 12}B nuclei produced per neutron pulse of the nTOF beam was determined using the activation technique in combination with a time-of-flight technique. The cross section is integrated over the nTOF neutron energy spectrum from reaction threshold at 13.6 MeV to 10 GeV. Having been measured up to 1GeV on basis of the {sup 235}U(n, f) reaction, the neutron energy spectrum above 200 MeV has been re-evaluated due to the recent extension of the cross section reference for this particular reaction, which is otherwise considered a standard up to 200 MeV. The results from the dedicated GEANT4 simulations have been used to evaluate the neutron flux from 1 GeV up to 10 GeV. The experimental results related to the {sup 12}C(n, p){sup 12}B reaction are compared with the evaluated cross sections from major libraries and with the predictions of different GEANT4 models, which mostly underestimate the {sup 12}B production. On the contrary, a good reproduction of the integral cross section derived from measurements is obtained with TALYS-1.6 calculations, with optimized parameters. (orig.)

  5. The machinability of cast titanium and Ti-6Al-4V.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ohkubo, C; Watanabe, I; Ford, J P; Nakajima, H; Hosoi, T; Okabe, T

    2000-02-01

    This study investigated the machinability (ease of metal removal) of commercially pure (CP) titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Both CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V were cast into magnesia molds. Two types of specimens (with alpha-case and without alpha-case) were made for CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. Machinability (n = 5) was evaluated as volume loss (mm3) by cutting/grinding the 3.0 mm surface using fissure burs and silicon carbide (SiC) under two machining conditions: (1) two machining forces (100 or 300 gf) at two rotational speeds (15000 or 30000 rpm) for 1 min, and (2) constant machining force of 100 gf and rotational speed of 15000 rpm for 1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 min. As controls, conventionally cast Co-Cr and Type IV gold alloys were evaluated in the same manner as the titanium. When fissure burs were used, there was a significant difference in the machinability between CP titanium with alpha-case and without alpha-case. On the other hand, there was no appreciable difference in the amount of metal removed for each tested metal when using the SiC points.

  6. Water vapor pressure over molten KH_2PO_4 and demonstration of water electrolysis at ∼300 °C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berg, R.W.; Nikiforov, A.V.; Petrushina, I.M.; Bjerrum, N.J.

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • The vapor pressure over molten KH_2PO_4 was measured by Raman spectroscopy to be about 8 bars at ∼300 °C. • Raman spectroscopy shows that molten KH_2PO_4 under its own vapor pressure contains much dissolved water. • It is demonstrated spectroscopically that water electrolysis is possible in KH_2PO_4 electrolyte forming H_2 and O_2 at 300 °C. • Molten KH_2PO_4 is a possible electrolyte for water electrolysis. - Abstract: A new potentially high-efficiency electrolyte for water electrolysis: molten monobasic potassium phosphate, KH_2PO_4 or KDP has been investigated at temperatures ∼275–325 °C. At these temperatures, KH_2PO_4 was found to dissociate into H_2O gas in equilibrium with a melt mixture of KH_2PO_4−K_2H_2P_2O_7−KPO_3−H_2O. The water vapor pressure above the melt, when contained in a closed ampoule, was determined quantitatively vs. temperature by use of Raman spectroscopy with methane or hydrogen gas as an internal calibration standard, using newly established relative ratios of Raman scattering cross sections of water and methane or hydrogen to be 0.40 ± 0.02 or 1.2 ± 0.03. At equilibrium the vapor pressure was much lower than the vapor pressure above liquid water at the same temperature. Electrolysis was realized by passing current through closed ampoules (vacuum sealed quartz glass electrolysis cells with platinum electrodes and the electrolyte melt). The formation of mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen gases as well as the water vapor was detected by Raman spectroscopy. In this way it was demonstrated that water is present in the new electrolyte: molten KH_2PO_4 can be split by electrolysis via the reaction 2H_2O → 2H_2 + O_2 at temperatures ∼275–325 °C. At these temperatures, before the start of the electrolysis, the KH_2PO_4 melt gives off H_2O gas that pressurizes the cell according to the following dissociations: 2KH_2PO_4 ↔ K_2H_2P_2O_7 + H_2O ↔ 2KPO_3 + 2H_2O. The spectra show however that the water by

  7. (Ln-bar, g)-spaces. General relativity over V4-bar - spaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manoff, S.; Kolarov, A.; Dimitrov, B.

    1998-01-01

    The results from the considerations of differentiable manifolds with contravariant and covariant affine connections and metrics are specialized for the case of (L n bar, g)-spaces with metric transport (∇ ξ g = 0 for all ξ is T (M), g ij;k = 0 and f j i = e φ · g j i (the s.c. (pseudo)Riemannian spaces with contravariant and covariant symmetric affine connections). Einstein's theory of gravitation is considered in (pseudo)Riemannian spaces with different (not only by sign) contravariant and covariant affine connections ((V n bar)-spaces, n = 4). The Euler-Lagrange equations and the corresponding energy-momentum tensors (EMT-s) are obtained and compared with the Einstein equations and the EMT-s in V 4 -spaces. The geodesic and autoparallel equations in V 4 bar -spaces are found as different equations in contrast to the case of V 4 -spaces

  8. Hydridation of Ti-6Al-4V

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Domizzi, G; Luppo, M.I; Ortiz, M; Vigna, G

    2004-01-01

    The production of Ti pieces or their alloys through powder metallurgy is an economical alternative that replaces the costly methods commonly used. The Ti-6AI-4V alloy is widely used in the aerospace, chemical and medical industries. The use of powder from the alloy instead of using more pure alloyed titanium powders, further simplifies the production process. The presence of V allows the phase β to stabilize at very low temperatures and both alloys alter the Ti-H equilibrium diagram. This work analyzes to what degree these effects influence the obtaining of powders from this alloy from that of hydridation and dehydridation. Although it has slower kinetics, powders can be produced in times similar to those found for grade 2 Ti since the distribution of hydrides in the sample is uniform and the material is fragile enough for concentrations of approximately 0.7 H/Ti (CW)

  9. C=C bond cleavage on neutral VO3(V2O5)n clusters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dong, Feng; Heinbuch, Scott; Xie, Yan; Bernstein, Elliot R; Rocca, Jorge J; Wang, Zhe-Chen; Ding, Xun-Lei; He, Sheng-Gui

    2009-01-28

    The reactions of neutral vanadium oxide clusters with alkenes (ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and 1,3-butadiene) are investigated by experiments and density function theory (DFT) calculations. Single photon ionization through extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV, 46.9 nm, 26.5 eV) is used to detect neutral cluster distributions and reaction products. In the experiments, we observe products (V(2)O(5))(n)VO(2)CH(2), (V(2)O(5))(n)VO(2)C(2)H(4), (V(2)O(5))(n)VO(2)C(3)H(4), and (V(2)O(5))(n)VO(2)C(3)H(6), for neural V(m)O(n) clusters in reactions with C(2)H(4), C(3)H(6), C(4)H(6), and C(4)H(8), respectively. The observation of these products indicates that the C=C bonds of alkenes can be broken on neutral oxygen rich vanadium oxide clusters with the general structure VO(3)(V(2)O(5))(n=0,1,2...). DFT calculations demonstrate that the reaction VO(3) + C(3)H(6) --> VO(2)C(2)H(4) + H(2)CO is thermodynamically favorable and overall barrierless at room temperature. They also provide a mechanistic explanation for the general reaction in which the C=C double bond of alkenes is broken on VO(3)(V(2)O(5))(n=0,1,2...) clusters. A catalytic cycle for alkene oxidation on vanadium oxide is suggested based on our experimental and theoretical investigations. The reactions of V(m)O(n) with C(6)H(6) and C(2)F(4) are also investigated by experiments. The products VO(2)(V(2)O(5))(n)C(6)H(4) are observed for dehydration reactions between V(m)O(n) clusters and C(6)H(6). No product is detected for V(m)O(n) clusters reacting with C(2)F(4). The mechanisms of the reactions between VO(3) and C(2)F(4)/C(6)H(6) are also investigated by calculations at the B3LYP/TZVP level.

  10. Synthesis and antiedematogenic activity of some N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine derivatives; Sintese e atividade antiedematogenica de derivados N-triptofil-5-benzilideno-2,4-tiazolidinadiona e N-triptofil-5-benzilideno-rodanina

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goes, Alexandre Jose da Silva; Lima, Waldir Tavares de; Nagy, Helena Juliana [Pernambuco Univ., Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Antibioticos]. E-mail: ajsg@ufpe.br; Alves, Antonio Jose; Faria, Antonio Rodolfo de; Lima, Jose Gildo de [Pernambuco Univ., Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Farmaceuticas; Maia, Maria Bernadete de Souza [Pernambuco Univ., Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Fisiologia e Farmacologia

    2004-12-01

    Derivatives of N tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione (7a-c) and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine (7d-f) were prepared by condensation of the intermediates 5 and 6 with different benzaldehydes, respectively. Their structural elucidation was carried through by IR, {sup 1}H NMR and MS. The acute toxicity and antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b,c and 7e,f were evaluated. The data did not reveal any sign of toxicity, and no mortality was registered. As indomethacin (10 mg/kg; v.o.), the antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b (50 mg/kg; v.o.) and 7e, 7f (50 or 100 mg/kg; v.o.) against carrageenan-induced paw edema was verified at time intervals of 180 min. (author)

  11. Hydrogen release from irradiated vanadium alloy V-4Cr-4Ti

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klepikov, A.Kh. E-mail: klepikov@ietp.alma-ata.su; Romanenko, O.G.; Chikhray, Y.V.; Tazhibaeva, I.L.; Shestakov, V.P.; Longhurst, G.R. E-mail: gxl@inel.gov

    2000-11-01

    The present work is an attempt to obtain data concerning the influence of neutron and {gamma} irradiation upon hydrogen retention in V-4Cr-4Ti vanadium alloy. The experiments on in-pile loading of vanadium alloy specimens at the neutron flux density 10{sup 14} n/cm{sup 2} s, hydrogen pressure of 80 Pa, and temperatures of 563, 613 and 773 K were carried out using the IVG.1M reactor of the Kazakhstan National Nuclear Center. A preliminary set of loading/degassing experiments with non-irradiated material has been carried out to obtain data on hydrogen interaction with vanadium alloy. The, data presented in this work are related both to non-irradiated and irradiated samples.

  12. Hydrogen release from irradiated vanadium alloy V-4Cr-4Ti

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klepikov, A.Kh.; Romanenko, O.G.; Chikhray, Y.V.; Tazhibaeva, I.L.; Shestakov, V.P.; Longhurst, G.R.

    2000-01-01

    The present work is an attempt to obtain data concerning the influence of neutron and γ irradiation upon hydrogen retention in V-4Cr-4Ti vanadium alloy. The experiments on in-pile loading of vanadium alloy specimens at the neutron flux density 10 14 n/cm 2 s, hydrogen pressure of 80 Pa, and temperatures of 563, 613 and 773 K were carried out using the IVG.1M reactor of the Kazakhstan National Nuclear Center. A preliminary set of loading/degassing experiments with non-irradiated material has been carried out to obtain data on hydrogen interaction with vanadium alloy. The, data presented in this work are related both to non-irradiated and irradiated samples

  13. TG101209, a small molecule JAK2-selective kinase inhibitor potently inhibits myeloproliferative disorder-associated JAK2V617F and MPLW515L/K mutations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pardanani, A; Hood, J; Lasho, T; Levine, R L; Martin, M B; Noronha, G; Finke, C; Mak, C C; Mesa, R; Zhu, H; Soll, R; Gilliland, D G; Tefferi, A

    2007-08-01

    JAK2V617F and MPLW515L/K represent recently identified mutations in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) that cause dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling, which is implicated in MPD pathogenesis. We developed TG101209, an orally bioavailable small molecule that potently inhibits JAK2 (IC(50)=6 nM), FLT3 (IC(50)=25 nM) and RET (IC(50)=17 nM) kinases, with significantly less activity against other tyrosine kinases including JAK3 (IC(50)=169 nM). TG101209 inhibited growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing JAK2V617F or MPLW515L mutations with an IC(50) of approximately 200 nM. In a human JAK2V617F-expressing acute myeloid leukemia cell line, TG101209-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited phosphorylation of JAK2V617F, STAT5 and STAT3. Therapeutic efficacy of TG101209 was demonstrated in a nude mouse model. Furthermore, TG101209 suppressed growth of hematopoietic colonies from primary progenitor cells harboring JAK2V617F or MPL515 mutations.

  14. Analysis of ({sup 7}F{sub 0}){gamma}{sub 1g}{yields}({sup 5}D{sub 2}){gamma}{sub 5g}, {gamma}{sub 3g} and ({sup 7}F{sub 0}){gamma}{sub 1g}{yields}({sup 5}L{sub 6}){gamma}{sub 1g}, a{gamma}{sub 5g} two-photon absorption spectra of Cs{sub 2}NaYF{sub 6}:Eu{sup 3+}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ning Lixin; Wang Dianyuan; Xia Shangda [Structure Research Laboratory, Academica Sinica, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, Anhui (China); Thorne, Jonathan R.G. [Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford (United Kingdom); Tanner, Peter A. [Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon (China)

    2002-04-15

    The direct calculation of transition line strengths and relative intensities is presented for two intraconfigurational two-photon absorption (TPA) transitions of Eu{sup 3+} in the cubic Cs{sub 2}NaYF{sub 6} host. Crystal field wavefunctions were utilized for the initial and final f{sup N}-electron states and various approaches were used in constructing all the 4f{sup N-1} 5d{sup 1} intermediate-state wavefunctions. The calculated relative intensities of the ({sup 7}F{sub 0}) {gamma}{sub 1g}{yields}({sup 5}D{sub 2}){gamma}{sub 5g}, {gamma}{sub 3g} TPA transitions are in reasonable agreement with experiment. The neglect of J-mixing in the initial state has only a small effect upon the calculation, whereas the neglect of spin-orbit couplings within the initial and terminal states drastically reduces the calculated transition linestrengths, but does not markedly change the intensity ratios. In the case of the ({sup 7}F{sub 0}){gamma}{sub 1g}{yields}({sup 5}L{sub 6}){gamma}{sub 1g}, a{gamma}{sub 5g} transitions, serious discrepancies between experiment and theory are found if the intermediate states are constructed from a 4f{sup 5} core comprising free ion states and the 5d{sup 1} crystal field states. Satisfactory agreement is, however, found when the 4f{sup 5} crystal field states are utilized in constructing the intermediate states. The contributions to the transition moment have been evaluated for various Hamiltonian terms and the results are discussed. (author)

  15. Comparative assessment of filler wires for argon-arc welding of refractory alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sorokin, L.I.; Bagdasarov, Yu.S.; Tupikin, V.I.

    1993-01-01

    It is recommended to use wires of similar composition as filler material during argon-arc welding of heat resisting alloys, and Sv-08Kh20N57M8V8T3R wire - for welding of dispersion hardening alloys. Sv-06Kh15N60M15, Sv-KhN64KBMYuVF or Kh11N60M23 wires should be used as filler materials to decrease tendency of welded joints to cracking during welding and heat treatment

  16. High resolution measurement of the 231Pa(n,f) cross section from 0.4 eV to 12 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Plattard, S.; Auchampaugh, G.F.; de Saussure, G.

    1980-01-01

    The 231 Pa(n,f) reaction was studied to shed light on the existence of a shallow third minimum in the 232 Pa fission barrier. Results are plotted along with data points derived from ENDF/B-V. The occurrence of a pure vibrational state at E/sub n/ = 156.7 keV (3 + ) together with a nearby state of opposite parity favors the evidence for a third asymmetrically deformed minimum in the 232 Pa fission barrier. 2 figures

  17. Dipropyl 3,6-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rao, Guo-Wu; Hu, Wei-Xiao

    2003-05-01

    The title compound, C(22)H(24)N(4)O(4), was prepared from propyl chloroformate and 3,6-diphenyl-1,2-dihydro-s-tetrazine. This reaction yields the title compound rather than dipropyl 3,6-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-s-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboxylate. The 2,3-diazabutadiene group in the central six-membered ring is not planar; the C=N double-bond length is 1.285 (2) A, and the average N-N single-bond length is 1.401 (3) A, indicating a lack of conjugation. The ring has a twist conformation, in which adjacent N atoms lie +/- 0.3268 (17) A from the plane of the ring. The molecule has twofold crystallographic symmetry.

  18. Effect of KH2PO4 on gene expression, morphological and biochemical characteristics of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under in vitro conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kahrizi, D; Ghari, S M; Ghaheri, M; Fallah, F; Ghorbani, T; Beheshti Ale Agha, A; Kazemi, E; Ansarypour, Z

    2017-08-15

    Stevia rebaudiana is one of the most important biologically sourced and low-calorie sweeteners Bertoni that has a lot of steviol glycosides. Tissue culture is the best for propagation of stevia and micro nutrients can affect both morphological traits and steviol glycosides production. Therefore, the effect of different concentrations of KH2PO4on stevia growth factors and gene expression had been studied by tissue culture methods, RT-PCR and HPLC. According the results, bud numbers had increased significantly in MS + 0.034 mMKH2PO4 media and the highest measured length was seen in plants grown under MS + 0.034 mM KH2PO4 treatment. Also, the highest growth rate (1.396 mm/d) was observed in MS + 0.034 mMKH2PO4.The best concentration of KH2PO4 for expression of UGT74G1 was 0.00425mMand the best one for UGT76G1 expression was 0.017mM. Interestingly, the best media for both stevioside and rebaudioside A accumulation was 0.017mM KH2PO4containing media. There was positive correlation between the best media for gene expression and the best one for steviol glycosides production.

  19. NCI calculations for understanding a physical phase transition in (C6H14N2)[Mn(H2O)6](SeO4)2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naïli, Houcine; François, Michel; Norquist, Alexander J.; Rekik, Walid

    2017-12-01

    An organically templated manganese selenate, (C6H14N2)[Mn(H2O)6](SeO4)2, has been synthesized by slow evaporation and crystallographically characterized. The title compound crystallizes at room temperature in the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group P21/n, with the following unit cell parameters: a = 7.2373(4) Å; b = 12.5600(7) Å; c = 10.1945(7) Å; β = 91.155(4)°, V = 926.50(10) Å3and Z = 2. Its crystal structure is built of manganese(II) cations coordinated by six water molecules in octahedral geometry, disordered dabcodiium cations and selenate anions, resulting in an extensive hydrogen-bonding network. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement indicated that the precursor undergoes a reversible phase transition at about 216 and 218 K during the cooling and heating processes respectively. Below this temperature the title compound is noncentrosymmetric with space group P21 and lattice parameters a = 7.2033(8) Å; b = 12.4981(13) Å; c = 10.0888(11) Å; β = 91.281(2)°, V = 908.04(17) Å3 and Z = 2. The disorder-order transformation of the C atoms of (C6H14N2)2+ cation may drive the structural phase transition. The low temperature phase obtained by breaking symmetry presents a fully ordered structure. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) method was used not only to locate, quantify, and visualize intermolecular interactions in the high and low temperature phases but also to confirm the phase transition detected by DSC measurement. The thermal decomposition of this new compound proceeds through four stages giving rise to the manganese oxide as final product at 850 °C.

  20. Synthesis of the Novel 4,4’- and 6,6’- Dihydroxamic - 2,2’-Bipyridines and Improved Routes to 4,4’- and 6,6’- Substituted 2,2’-Bipyridines and Mono-N-Oxide-2,2’-Bipyridine

    OpenAIRE

    Donnici,Claudio Luis; Máximo Filho,Daniel Henrique; Moreira,Leda Lúcia Cruz; Reis,Genuína Teixeira dos; Cordeiro,Estefania Santos; Oliveira,Ione Ma. Ferreira de; Carvalho,Sandra; Paniago,Eucler B.

    1998-01-01

    The preparation of key precursors for many 2,2’-bipyridine derivatives such as 4,4’-dicarboxy- 2,2’-bipyridine (I), 6,6’-dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridine- acid (II), 4,4’-dinitro-2,2’-bipyridine-N,N-dioxide (III), 6,6’-dicarbothioamide-2,2’-bipyridine (IV) and mono-N-oxide-2,2’-bipyridine (VII) through more efficient methods is described. The syntheses of the novel ligands 4,4’-dihydroxamic-2,2’-bipyridine (V) and 6,6’-dihydroxamic-2,2’-bipyridine (VI) are also reported. Neste trabalho relatamos ...

  1. Functionalization of Biomedical Ti6Al4V via In Situ Alloying by Cu during Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufacturing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krakhmalev, Pavel; Yadroitsev, Igor; Yadroitsava, Ina; de Smidt, Olga

    2017-01-01

    The modern medical industry successfully utilizes Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) to manufacture complex custom implants. Ti6Al4V is one of the most commonly used biocompatible alloys. In surgery practice, infection at the bone–implant interface is one of the key reasons for implant failure. Therefore, advanced implants with biocompatibility and antibacterial properties are required. Modification of Ti alloy with Cu, which in small concentrations is a proven non-toxic antibacterial agent, is an attractive way to manufacture implants with embedded antibacterial functionality. The possibility of achieving alloying in situ, during manufacturing, is a unique option of the LPBF technology. It provides unique opportunities to manufacture customized implant shapes and design new alloys. Nevertheless, optimal process parameters need to be established for the in situ alloyed materials to form dense parts with required mechanical properties. This research is dedicated to an investigation of Ti6Al4V (ELI)-1 at % Cu material, manufactured by LPBF from a mixture of Ti6Al4V (ELI) and pure Cu powders. The effect of process parameters on surface roughness, chemical composition and distribution of Cu was investigated. Chemical homogeneity was discussed in relation to differences in the viscosity and density of molten Cu and Ti6Al4V. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of as-built 3D samples were analyzed and discussed. Pilot antibacterial functionalization testing of Ti6Al4V (ELI) in situ alloyed with 1 at % Cu showed promising results and notable reduction in the growth of pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID:28972546

  2. Functionalization of Biomedical Ti6Al4V via In Situ Alloying by Cu during Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufacturing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pavel Krakhmalev

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The modern medical industry successfully utilizes Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF to manufacture complex custom implants. Ti6Al4V is one of the most commonly used biocompatible alloys. In surgery practice, infection at the bone–implant interface is one of the key reasons for implant failure. Therefore, advanced implants with biocompatibility and antibacterial properties are required. Modification of Ti alloy with Cu, which in small concentrations is a proven non-toxic antibacterial agent, is an attractive way to manufacture implants with embedded antibacterial functionality. The possibility of achieving alloying in situ, during manufacturing, is a unique option of the LPBF technology. It provides unique opportunities to manufacture customized implant shapes and design new alloys. Nevertheless, optimal process parameters need to be established for the in situ alloyed materials to form dense parts with required mechanical properties. This research is dedicated to an investigation of Ti6Al4V (ELI-1 at % Cu material, manufactured by LPBF from a mixture of Ti6Al4V (ELI and pure Cu powders. The effect of process parameters on surface roughness, chemical composition and distribution of Cu was investigated. Chemical homogeneity was discussed in relation to differences in the viscosity and density of molten Cu and Ti6Al4V. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of as-built 3D samples were analyzed and discussed. Pilot antibacterial functionalization testing of Ti6Al4V (ELI in situ alloyed with 1 at % Cu showed promising results and notable reduction in the growth of pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

  3. Synthesis of 6-acrylamido-4-(2-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazoline: Aprospective irreversible EGFR binding probe

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vasdev, Neil; Dorff, Peter N.; Gibbs, Andrew R.; Nandanan,Erathodiyil; Reid, Leanne M.; O' Neil, James P.; VanBrocklin, Henry F.

    2004-03-30

    Acrylamido-quinazolines substituted at the 6-position bindirreversibly to the intracellular ATP binding domain of the epidermalgrowth factor receptor (EGFR). A general route was developed forpreparing 6-substituted-4-anilinoquinazolines from [18F]fluoroanilinesfor evaluation as EGFR targeting agents with PET. By a cyclizationreaction, 2-[18F]fluoroaniline was reacted withN'-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide to produce6-nitro-4-(2-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazoline in 27.5 percentdecay-corrected radiochemical yield. Acid mediated tin chloride reductionof the nitro group was achieved in 5 min (80 percent conversion) andsubsequent acylation with acrylic acid gave6-acrylamido-4-(2-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazoline in 8.5 percentdecay-corrected radiochemical yield, from starting fluoride, in less than2 hours.

  4. Influences of argon gas shielding on diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy to aluminum; Influencia del argón como gas protector en la difusión durante el proceso de unión de la aleación Ti6Al4V con el aluminio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Akcaa, A.; Gursela, A.

    2017-09-01

    This study presents a diffusion bonding process of commercially pure aluminum to Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Prepared samples were exposed to temperature of 560, 600 and 640 °C for the bonding time of 30, 45 and 60 min at the atmosphere of argon gas and non-argon. Diffusion bonding is a dissimilar metal welding process which can be applied to the materials without causing any physical deformations. The processed samples were also metallographically prepared, optically examined followed by Vickers microhardness test in order to determine joint strength. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used in this work to investigate the compositional changes in order to observe the influence of atmosphere shielding in the transition zone. The result of tests and analyses were tried to be compared with the effect of argon shielding. The significant influences have been observed in the argon shielding during diffusion bonding process. [Spanish] Este estudio presenta los procesos de difusión durante la unión de aluminio puro con la aleación Ti6Al4V. Se expusieron probetas a las temperaturas de 560, 600 y 640 ºC durante un tiempo de unión de 30, 45 y 60 min en una atmósfera en presencia y ausencia de gas argón. La unión por difusión es un proceso de soldadura entre metales distintos que puede ser aplicado a los materiales sin causar deformaciones físicas. Las probetas procesadas fueron preparadas también metalográficamente, examinadas por miscroscopía óptica, seguido de ensayos de microdureza Vickers para determinar el límite elástico. Se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopía de energias dispersivas (EDS) para determinar los cambios en la composición y estudiar la influencia del argón como gas protector en la zona de transición. La influencia más importante se ha observado durante el proceso de difusión en estado sólido.

  5. Study of alpha-case depth in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo and Ti-6Al-4V

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaddam, R; Sefer, B; Pederson, R; Antti, M-L

    2013-01-01

    At temperatures exceeding 480°C titanium alloys generally oxidises and forms a hard and brittle layer enriched with oxygen, which is called alpha case. This layer has negative effects on several mechanical properties and lowers the tensile ductility and the fatigue resistance. Therefore any alpha-case formed on titanium alloys during various manufacturing processes, such as heat treatment procedures, must be removed before the final part is mounted in an engine. In addition, long time exposure at elevated temperatures during operation of an engine could possibly also lead to formation of alpha-case on actual parts, therefore knowledge and understanding of the alpha-case formation and its effect on mechanical properties is important. Factors that contribute for growth of alpha-case are: presence of oxygen, exposure time, temperature and pressure. In the present study, isothermal oxidation experiments in air were performed on forged Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo at 500°C and 593°C up to 500 hours. Similar studies were also performed on Ti-6Al-4V plate at 593°C and 700°C. Alpha-case depth for both alloys was quantified using metallography techniques and compared

  6. Evaluation of [64Cu]Cu-DOTA and [64Cu]Cu-CB-TE2A Chelates for Targeted Positron Emission Tomography with an αvβ6-Specific Peptide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sven H. Hausner

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Significant upregulation of the integrin αvβ6 has been described as a prognostic indicator in several cancers, making it an attractive target for tumor imaging. This study compares variants of a PEGylated αvβ6-targeting peptide, bearing either an [>18F]fluorobenzoyl prosthetic group ([18F]FBA-PEG-A20FMDV2 or different [64Cu]copper chelators (DOTA-PEG-A20FMDV2, CB-TE2A-PEG-A20FMDV2. The compounds were evaluated in vitro by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (against the integrin αvβ6 and the closely related integrin αvβ6 and by cell labeling (αvβ6-positive DX3puroβ6vβ6-negative DX3puro and in vivo using micro-positron emission tomography in a mouse model bearing paired DX3puroβ6/Dx3puro xenografts. In vitro, all three compounds showed excellent αvβ6-specific binding (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50](αvβ6 = 3 to g nmol/L; IC50vβ3 > 10 (μmol/L. In vivo, they displayed comparable, preferential uptake for the αvβ6-expressmg xenograft over the αvβ6-negative control (> 4:1 ratio at 4 hours postinjection. Whereas [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-PEG-A20FMDV2 resulted in increased levels of radioactivity in the liver, [64Cu]Cu-CB-TE2A-PEG-A20FMDV2 did not. Significantly, both 64Cu-labeled tracers showed unexpectedly high and persistent levels of radioactivity in the kidneys (> 40% injected dose/g at 4 and 12 hours postinjection. The findings underscore the potential influence of the prosthetic group on targeted in vivo imaging of clinically relevant markers such as αvβ6. Despite identical targeting peptide moiety and largely equal in vitro behavior, both 64Cu-labeled tracers displayed inferior pharmacokinetics, making them in their present form less suitable candidates than the 18F-labeled tracer for in vivo imaging of αvβ6

  7. Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of functionalized Cr-MIL-101-X (X=–F, –Cl, –Br, –CH3, –C6H4, –F2, –(CH3)2) materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buragohain, Amlan; Couck, Sarah; Van Der Voort, Pascal; Denayer, Joeri F.M.; Biswas, Shyam

    2016-01-01

    Four existing and three new functionalized chromium terephthalates having MIL-101 topology and denoted as Cr-MIL-101-X (existing ones with X=–F, 1-F; –Cl, 2-Cl; –Br, 3-Br; –CH 3 , 4-CH 3 ; new ones with X=–C 6 H 4 , 5-C 6 H 4 ; –F 2 , 6-F 2 , –(CH 3 ) 2 , 7-(CH 3 ) 2 ) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. All the materials except 5-C 6 H 4 could be prepared by a general synthetic route, in which the mixtures of CrO 3 , H 2 BDC-X (BDC=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) linkers, conc. HCl and water with a molar ratio of 1:1:3.9:222.2 were reacted at 180 °C for 144 h. Compared to the 144 h of synthesis time, three of the compounds, namely 1-Cl, 2-Br and 5-C 6 H 4 , could be prepared in much shorter reaction times (12–18 h at 180–210 °C). The materials possess high thermal stability up to 270–300 °C in an air atmosphere. The activated compounds exhibit significant porosity (S BET range: 1273–2135 m 2 g −1 ). At 0 °C and 1 bar, the CO 2 adsorption capacities of the compounds fall in the 1.7–2.9 mmol g −1 range. Compounds 1-F and 6-F 2 showed enhanced CO 2 uptake values compared to parent Cr-MIL-101. The benzene adsorption capacities of the compounds lie in the range of 66.2–139.5 molecules per unit cell at 50 °C and p/p 0 =0.35. The increased benzene uptake value of 1-F compared to un-functionalized Cr-MIL-101 and 4-CH 3 suggests that the fluorination has induced more hydrophobicity in Cr-MIL-101 as compared to the methylation. - Graphical abstract: Benzene adsorption by seven functionalized Cr-MIL-101-X metal-organic framework (MOF) materials Display Omitted - Highlights: • Seven functionalized Cr-MIL-101-X materials were synthesized solvothermally. • All Cr-MIL-101-X materials exhibited high thermal stability up to 270–300 °C in air. • All Cr-MIL-101-X compounds displayed considerable porosity towards N 2 , CO 2 and benzene. • Mono- and di-fluorinated Cr-MIL-101 materials showed enhanced CO 2 adsorption capacities.

  8. Isolation and structures of sulfonium salts derived from thioethers: [{o-C(6)H(4)(CH(2)SMe)(2)}H][NbF(6)] and [{[9]aneS(3)}H][NbF(6)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jura, Marek; Levason, William; Reid, Gillian; Webster, Michael

    2009-10-07

    Two very unusual sulfonium salts, [{o-C(6)H(4)(CH(2)SMe)(2)}H][NbF(6)] and [{[9]aneS(3)}H][NbF(6)], obtained from reaction of the thioethers with NbF(5) in CH(2)Cl(2) solution, are reported and their structures described; the eight-coordinate tetrafluoro Nb(v) cation of the dithioether is obtained from the same reaction.

  9. The OsO(3)F(+) and mu-F(OsO(3)F)(2)(+) cations: their syntheses and study by Raman and (19)F NMR spectroscopy and electron structure calculations and X-ray crystal structures of [OsO(3)F][PnF(6)] (Pn = As, Sb), [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[AsF(6)], [OsO(3)F][HF][SbF(6)], and [OsO(3)F][Sb(3)F(16)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gerken, Michael; Dixon, David A; Schrobilgen, Gary J

    2002-01-28

    The fluoride ion donor properties of OsO(3)F(2) have been investigated. The salts [OsO(3)F][AsF(6)], [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[AsF(6)], mu-F(OsO(3)F)(2)[AsF(6)], [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[SbF(6)], and [OsO(3)F][HF][SbF(6)] have been prepared by reaction of OsO(3)F(2) with AsF(5) and SbF(5) in HF solvent and have been characterized in the solid state by Raman spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of [OsO(3)F][AsF(6)] (P2(1)/n, a = 7.0001(11) A, c = 8.8629(13) A, beta = 92.270(7) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0401 at -126 degrees C), [OsO(3)F][SbF(6)] (P2(1)/c, a = 5.4772(14) A, b = 10.115(3) A, c = 12.234(3) A, beta = 99.321(5) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0325 at -173 degrees C), [OsO(3)F][HF](2)[AsF(6)] (P2(1)/n, a = 5.1491(9) A, b = 8.129(2) A, c = 19.636(7) A, beta = 95.099(7) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0348 at -117 degrees C), and [OsO(3)F][HF][SbF(6)] (Pc, a = 5.244(4) A, b = 9.646(6) A, c = 15.269(10) A, beta = 97.154(13) degrees, Z = 4, and R(1) = 0.0558 at -133 degrees C) have shown that the OsO(3)F(+) cations exhibit strong contacts to the anions and HF solvent molecules giving rise to cyclic, dimeric structures in which the osmium atoms have coordination numbers of 6. The reaction of OsO(3)F(2) with neat SbF(5) yielded [OsO(3)F][Sb(3)F(16)], which has been characterized by (19)F NMR spectroscopy in SbF(5) and SO(2)ClF solvents and by Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state (P4(1)m, a = 10.076(6) A, c = 7.585(8) A, Z = 2, and R(1) = 0.0858 at -113 degrees C). The weak fluoride ion basicity of the Sb(3)F(16)(-) anion resulted in an OsO(3)F(+) cation (C(3)(v) point symmetry) that is well isolated from the anion and in which the osmium is four-coordinate. The geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies of OsO(3)F(+), ReO(3)F, mu-F(OsO(3)F)(2)(+), (FO(3)Os--FPnF(5))(2), and (FO(3)Os--(HF)(2)--FPnF(5))(2) (Pn = As, Sb) have been calculated using density functional theory methods.

  10. An investigation of dynamic mechanical behaviour of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy at room temperature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ran Chun

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available To study the high strain rate shear behaviour of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, a series of dynamic compression experiments has been performed by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB using Flat Hat-shaped specimen at room temperature. Macro true shear stress-true strain curves were obtained under different strain rate loading conditions at room temperature. The effects of strain hardening and strain rate hardening on the dynamic mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy were discussed. Results indicate that a The higher the strain rate, the higher the flow stress, therefore, the material has obvious strain rate hardening effect, b It is ductile failure for Ti6Al4V titanium alloy under quasi-static loading condition, c For dynamical tests, the values for true shear stress increase with increasing true strain till the maximum true shear stress, on the contrary, the values for true shear stress decrease with increasing the true strain after the maximum true shear stress and d The flow stress increases with increasing the true strain under quasi-static loading condition during the plastic deformation.

  11. Increased frequency of co-existing JAK2 exon-12 or MPL exon-10 mutations in patients with low JAK2(V617F) allelic burden.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nussenzveig, Roberto H; Pham, Ha T; Perkins, Sherrie L; Prchal, Josef T; Agarwal, Archana M; Salama, Mohamed E

    2016-01-01

    The frequency of co-existing JAK2(V617F)/MPL and JAK2(V617F)/JAK2 exon-12 mutations has not been previously investigated in MPNs. Poor survival was reported in primary myelofibrosis with low JAK2(V617F) allelic burden. However, mutational status of JAK2 exon-12 or MPL were not reported in these patients. This study developed a cost-effective multiplex high resolution melt assay that screens for mutations in JAK2 gene exons-12 and -14 ((V617F)) and MPL gene exon-10. Co-existing mutations with JAK2(V617F) were detected in 2.9% (6/208; two JAK2 exon-12 and four MPL exon-10) patient specimens with known JAK2(V617F) (allelic-burden range: 0.1-96.8%). Co-existing mutations were detected in specimens with MPL exon-10 mutation should be pursued.

  12. High orbital angular momentum states in H2 and D2. II. The 6h--5g and 6g--5f transitions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jungen, C.; Dabrowski, I.; Herzberg, G.; Kendall, D.J.W.

    1989-01-01

    A group of lines accompanying the first line of the Pfund series of the H atom has been observed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The lines are due to transitions in molecular hydrogen of a nonpenetrating Rydberg electron possessing a high-orbital angular momentum, which is coupled only loosely to the vibrations and rotations of the H + 2 core. Lines belonging to the 6h--5g and 6g--5f (v=0--3) transitions of H 2 have been identified. The identifications are based on a calculation of the spectrum from first principles by multichannel quantum defect theory. The interaction between the nonpenetrating electron and the core was evaluated in terms of the permanent and induced molecular moments of H + 2 as calculated by Bishop and collaborators. The analogous transitions in D 2 have also been observed and assigned

  13. In vivo evaluation in rats of [{sup 18}F]1-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine as a potential radiotracer for PET assessment of CNS sigma-1 receptors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Waterhouse, Rikki N. [Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 (United States) and Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 (United States) and Neurobiology and Imaging Program, Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 (United States)]. E-mail: rnw7@columbia.edu; Chang, Raymond C. [Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 (United States); Neurobiology and Imaging Program, Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 (United States); Zhao, Jun [Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 (United States); Neurobiology and Imaging Program, Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 (United States); Carambot, Patty E. [Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 (United States); Neurobiology and Imaging Program, Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 (United States)

    2006-02-15

    Introduction: Sigma-1 receptors are expressed throughout the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and are implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression. We have recently evaluated the high-affinity (K {sub D}=0.5{+-}0.2 nM, log P=2.9) sigma-1 receptor radiotracer [{sup 18}F]1-(3-fluoropropyl)-4-(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)piperidine, [{sup 18}F]FPS, in humans. In contrast to appropriate kinetics exhibited in baboon brain, in the human CNS, [{sup 18}F]FPS does not reach pseudoequilibrium by 4 h, supporting the development of a lower-affinity tracer [Waterhouse RN, Nobler MS, Chang RC, Zhou Y, Morales O, Kuwabara H, et al. First evaluation of the sigma-1 receptor radioligand [{sup 18}F]1-3-fluoropropyl-4-((4-cyanophenoxy)-methyl)piperidine ([{sup 18}F]FPS) in healthy humans. Neuroreceptor Mapping 2004, July 15-18th, Vancouver, BC Canada 2004]. We describe herein the in vivo evaluation in rats of [{sup 18}F]1-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine ([{sup 18}F]SFE) (K {sub D}=5 nM, log P=2.4), a structurally similar, lower-affinity sigma-1 receptor radioligand. Methods: [{sup 18}F]SFE was synthesized (n=4) as previously described in good yield (54{+-}6% EOB), high specific activity (2.1{+-}0.6 Ci/{mu}mol EOS) and radiochemical purity (98{+-}1%) and evaluated in awake adult male rats. Results: Similar to [{sup 18}F]FPS, regional brain radioactivity concentrations [percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), 15 min] for [{sup 18}F]SFE were highest in occipital cortex (1.86{+-}0.06 %ID/g) and frontal cortex (1.76{+-}0.38 %ID/g), and lowest in the hippocampus (1.01{+-}0.02%ID/g). Unlike [{sup 18}F]FPS, [{sup 18}F]SFE cleared from the brain with {approx}40% reduction in peak activity over a 90-min period. Metabolite analysis (1 h) revealed that [{sup 18}F]SFE was largely intact in the brain. Blocking studies showed a large degree (>80%) of saturable binding for [{sup 18}F]SFE in discrete brain regions. Conclusions

  14. Viscosity of melts of the system KCl-KBF4-K2TiF6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen, D.K.; Danek, V.

    1997-01-01

    The viscosity of melts of the system KCl-KBF 4 -K 2 TiF 6 has been measured by means of the computerized torsional pendulum method. The viscosity of KCl is higher that of KBF 4 at the same temperature, most probably due to the substantial overheating of KBF 4 . In the ternary system the viscosity increases with increasing with increasing content of K 2 TiF 6 . Additivity of algorithms of viscosity was adopted as the ideal behaviour of the mixture. Negative deviations from such additive behaviour were found in the binary system KCl-KBF 4 probably due to the breaks of the weak B-Cl-B bridges caused by the excess of Cl - ions. Positive deviations from the ideal behaviour were found in the binaries KCl-K 2 TiF 6 and KBF 4 -K 2 TiF 6 due to the formation of larger anions TiF 6 Cl 3- and TiF 7 3- caused by the reactions K 2 TiF 6 (l) + KCl(l) = K 3 TiF 6 Cl(l) and KBF 4 (l) + K 2 TiF 6 (l) = K 3 TiF 7 (l) + BF 3 (g). Statistically significant ternary interaction confirmed that the above chemical reactions take place also in the ternary system. (authors)

  15. Microstructure and sound velocity of Ti-N-O synthetic inclusions in Ti-6Al-4V

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gigliotti, M.F.X.; Gilmore, R.S.; Perocchi, L.C.

    1994-01-01

    Nitrogen and oxygen stabilize the alpha phase in titanium. Regions within Ti alloy parts containing high local levels of N and O can stabilize a hard-alpha phase. The ultrasonic properties of titanium-nitrogen-oxygen inclusions within Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) blocks were measured and related to inclusion chemistry. Sound velocities were measured on Ti-N-O alloy samples that had been prepared by powder metallurgy and ingot-melting techniques. The contributions to sound velocity from oxygen and nitrogen contents were determined. Then, Ti64 blocks were hot isostatic pressing (HIP) bonded to contain inclusions of the Ti-N-O alloys. The signal-to-noise ratios of reflections from uncracked inclusions were found to be an increasing function of inclusion interstitial content and were related to changes in sound velocity with inclusion chemistry. Measurements were made of the reflectance of titanium-nitrogen inclusions in titanium and Ti64

  16. Phase Constituents and Microstructure of Ti3Al/Fe3Al + TiN/TiB2 Composite Coating on Titanium Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jianing; Chen, Chuanzhong; Zhang, Cuifang

    Laser cladding of the Fe3Al + B4C/TiN + Al2O3 pre-placed powders on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti3Al/Fe3Al + TiN/TiB2 composite coating, which improved the wear resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface. In this study, the Ti3Al/Fe3Al + TiN/TiB2 composite coating has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. It was found that during the laser cladding process, Al2O3 can react with TiB2, leading to the formations of Ti3Al and B. This principle can be used to improve the Fe3Al + B4C/TiN laser-cladded coating on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Furthermore, during the cladding process, C consumed the oxygen in Fe3Al + B4C /TiN + Al2O3 molten pool, which retarded the productions of the redundant metal oxides.

  17. Topographic and Electrochemical Ti6Al4V Alloy Surface Characterization in Dry and Wet Reciprocating Sliding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Z. Doni

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available This present paper shows the behavior of functional integrity of the state Ti6Al4V alloy under reciprocating sliding wear conditions in acomparative way for two different counter materials, steel and ceramicballs in dry and corrosive environment (3.5% NaCl. The surface integrity analysis of the dry reciprocating wear tests was based on the evolution of The roughness parameters with the applied load. In the case of reciprocating wear tests in corrosive environment the surface integrity analysis was based on electrochemical parameters. Comparative analysis of the evolution of the roughness parameters with the applied load shows a higher stability of the Ti6Al4V/Al2O3 contact pair, while from the point of view of the electrochemical parameters the Tribological properties are worse than Ti6Al4V/steel ball contact pair.

  18. X-ray spectral study of the Th6p,5f electron states in ThO2 and ThF4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Teterin, Y.A.; Nikitin, A.S.; Teterin, A.Y.; Ivanov, K.E.; Utkin, I.O.; Nerehov, V.A.; Ryzhkov, M.V.; Vukchevich, I.J.

    2002-01-01

    The study of the Th6p,5f electron states in Th, ThO 2 and ThF was carried out on the basis of the X-ray photoelectron fine spectral structure parameters in the binding energy range of 0-∼ 1000 eV, X-ray O 4,5 (Th) emission spectra of the shallow (0-∼50 eV) electrons and results of theoretical calculations. As a result, despite the absence of the Th5f electrons in thorium atoms, the Th5f atomic orbitals were established to participate in the formation of molecular orbitals in thorium dioxide and tetrafluoride. In the MO LCAO approximation this allowed to suggest the possible existence of filled Th5f electronic states in thorium compounds. On the basis of the X-ray O 4,5 (Th) emission spectral structure parameters the effective formation of the inner valence molecular orbitals in the studied compounds was confirmed. (authors)

  19. Influence of thermal oxidation duration on the microstructure and fretting wear behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Song [State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Liao, Zhenhua [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057 (China); Liu, Yuhong [State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Liu, Weiqiang, E-mail: weiqliu@hotmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057 (China)

    2015-06-01

    Thermal oxidation under water oxidizing atmosphere was performed on Ti6Al4V alloy under different durations from 2 h to 8 h. Surface characterizations were performed using X-ray diffractometery (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation and nano scratch testing. Fretting wear behaviors of untreated and oxidized samples were also examined. The formed oxide coating mainly included rutile TiO{sub 2} as well as a little alumina. The weight gain with respect to the oxidation duration obeyed the linear oxidation kinetics law. The growth of oxide grains was in inadequate growth state of incomplete scale coverage from 2nd to 4th hour duration, in normal growth state from 4th to 6th hour duration while in excessive growth state of oxide particle agglomeration and surface roughening from 6th to 8th (or more than 8th) hour duration. The coating thickness increased from 5 μm to 12 μm as oxidation duration increased from 2 h to 8 h. The increase in duration also increased surface roughness and nano hardness as well as adhesion strength of the film/substrate for oxidized samples. The nano hardness value was 10.06 ± 2.15 GPa and the critical load of failure during nano scratch testing was 554.3 ± 6.44 mN for 4 h treated sample. The untreated and oxidized samples showed a same fretting running status and fretting regime with a displacement amplitude of 200 μm while revealing different fretting failure mechanisms. It was mainly abrasive and adhesive wear under ploughing force for untreated sample, while a mix of 3-body abrasion by rolling oxide particles and severe plastic deformation under high contact stress between two ceramic materials for the oxidized samples. The oxide coating was not worn out and improved the fretting wear resistance of titanium alloy. - Highlights: • A thickness of 5–12 μm rutile TiO{sub 2} coating formed under different oxidation durations. • Weight gain with respect to oxidation duration obeyed linear

  20. The Transverse Rupture Strength in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lai Pang-Hsin

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to investigate the transverse rupture strength and apparent hardness of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloys manufactured in the vertical (V and horizontal (H directions. The microstructure and the distribution of alloy elements were examined by optical microscope and electron probe microanalysis, respectively. The results show that the columnar α′ grains are formed along the building direction, and the elemental distributions of Ti, Al, and V are homogeneous in the alloy. The building direction does not sufficiently affect the density and apparent hardness. However, the transverse rupture strengths (TRS are obviously dominated by the building directions investigated in this study. The TRS of an H specimen is significantly superior to that of a V specimen by 48%. This phenomenon can be mainly attributed to the presence of disc-shaped pores.

  1. Nqrs Data for C6H7F4N2OSb (Subst. No. 0879)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

    This document is part of Subvolume A `Substances Containing Ag … C10H15' of Volume 48 `Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III `Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section `3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter `3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C6H7F4N2OSb (Subst. No. 0879)

  2. Modeling and analysis of micro-WEDM process of titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V using response surface approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Sivaprakasam

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Micro-machining technology is effectively used in modern manufacturing industries. This paper investigates the influence of three different input parameters such as voltage, capacitance and feed rate of micro-wire electrical discharge machining (micro-WEDM performances of material removal rate (MRR, Kerf width (KW and surface roughness (SR using response surface methodology with central composite design (CCD. The experiments are carried out on titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V. The machining characteristics are significantly influenced by the electrical and non-electrical parameters in micro-WEDM process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA was performed to find out the significant influence of each factor. The model developed can use a genetic algorithm (GA to determine the optimal machining conditions using multi-objective optimization technique. The optimal machining performance of material removal rate, Kerf width and surface roughness are 0.01802 mm3/min, 101.5 μm and 0.789 μm, respectively, using this optimal machining conditions viz. voltage 100 V, capacitance 10 nF and feed rate 15 μm/s.

  3. Manufacture of semifinished items of alloys V-4Ti-4Cr and V-10Ti-5Cr for use as a structural material in fusion applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Potapenko, M.M.; Drobishev, V.A.; Filkin, V.Y.; Gubkin, I.N.; Myasnikov, V.V.; Nikulin, A.D.; Shingarev, E.N.; Vedernikov, G.P.; Votinov, S.N.; Zurabov, V.S.; Zolotarev, A.B.

    1996-01-01

    Vanadium-titanium-chromium alloys are considered as structural materials with the most appropriate properties for fusion applications. However, the final ratio V-Ti-Cr in an alloy is not yet determined. On the one hand, it is offered to optimize structure on the basis of an alloy V-4Ti-4Cr. On the other hand, it is proposed that the optimum of total Ti and Cr content should be near 15%, and the Ti to Cr ratio should be 2:1. Melting, casting and processing by pressure of ingots of vanadium alloys V-4Ti-4Cr and V-10Ti-5Cr weighing as much as 50 kg are considered in the report. The ingots in diameters up to 130 mm were obtained by melting in vacuum-arc furnaces. Results on chemical uniformity and structure of the ingots are presented. A basic scheme of semifinished items manufacture is submitted. Rod and tube hot extrusion conditions are presented. A new technology for protection of ingot and billet surface from gases during hot processing is used to discard application of protective stainless steel and to lower temperature of processing. Sheet and tube products were made from extruded billets by cold rolling with intermediate heat treatment. The list of obtained products, including sheets 0.5-5 mm thick, rods 10-18 mm in diameter and tubes from 50 mm up to 6.0 mm in diameter is presented. The availability of large-scale ingots processing with weight above 300 kg is discussed. (orig.)

  4. Performance of V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy Exposed to the JFT-2M Tokamak Environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Johnson, W.R.; Trester, P.W.; Sengoku, S.; Ishiyama, S.; Fukaya, K.; Eto, M.; Oda, T.; Hirohata, Y.; Hino, T.; Tsai, H.

    1999-01-01

    A long-term test has been conducted in the JFT-2M tokamak fusion device to determine the effects of environmental exposure on the mechanical and chemical behavior of a V-4Cr-4Ti alloy. Test specimens of the alloy were exposed in the outward lower divertor chamber of JFT-2M in a region away from direct contact with the plasma and were preheated to 300 C just prior to and during selected plasma discharges. During their nine-month residence time in JFT-2M, the specimens experienced approximately 200 lower single-null divertor shots at 300 C, during which high energy particle fluxes to the preheated test specimens were significant, and approximately 2,010 upper single-null divertor shots and non-diverter shots at room temperature, for which high energy particle fluxes to and expected particle retention in the test specimens were very low. Data from post-exposure tests have indicated that the performance of the V-4Cr-4Ti alloy would not be significantly affected by environmental exposure to gaseous species at partial pressures typical for tokamak operation. Deuterium retention in the exposed alloy was also low (<2 ppm). Absorption of interstitial by the alloy was limited to the very near surface, and neither the strength nor the Charpy impact properties of the alloy appeared to be significantly changed from the exposure to the JFT-2M tokamak environment

  5. Modeling of Processing-Induced Pore Morphology in an Additively-Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kabir, Mohammad Rizviul; Richter, Henning

    2017-02-08

    A selective laser melting (SLM)-based, additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy is prone to the accumulation of undesirable defects during layer-by-layer material build-up. Defects in the form of complex-shaped pores are one of the critical issues that need to be considered during the processing of this alloy. Depending on the process parameters, pores with concave or convex boundaries may occur. To exploit the full potential of additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V, the interdependency between the process parameters, pore morphology, and resultant mechanical properties, needs to be understood. By incorporating morphological details into numerical models for micromechanical analyses, an in-depth understanding of how these pores interact with the Ti-6Al-4V microstructure can be gained. However, available models for pore analysis lack a realistic description of both the Ti-6Al-4V grain microstructure, and the pore geometry. To overcome this, we propose a comprehensive approach for modeling and discretizing pores with complex geometry, situated in a polycrystalline microstructure. In this approach, the polycrystalline microstructure is modeled by means of Voronoi tessellations, and the complex pore geometry is approximated by strategically combining overlapping spheres of varied sizes. The proposed approach provides an elegant way to model the microstructure of SLM-processed Ti-6Al-4V containing pores or crack-like voids, and makes it possible to investigate the relationship between process parameters, pore morphology, and resultant mechanical properties in a finite-element-based simulation framework.

  6. Modeling of Processing-Induced Pore Morphology in an Additively-Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Rizviul Kabir

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available A selective laser melting (SLM-based, additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy is prone to the accumulation of undesirable defects during layer-by-layer material build-up. Defects in the form of complex-shaped pores are one of the critical issues that need to be considered during the processing of this alloy. Depending on the process parameters, pores with concave or convex boundaries may occur. To exploit the full potential of additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V, the interdependency between the process parameters, pore morphology, and resultant mechanical properties, needs to be understood. By incorporating morphological details into numerical models for micromechanical analyses, an in-depth understanding of how these pores interact with the Ti-6Al-4V microstructure can be gained. However, available models for pore analysis lack a realistic description of both the Ti-6Al-4V grain microstructure, and the pore geometry. To overcome this, we propose a comprehensive approach for modeling and discretizing pores with complex geometry, situated in a polycrystalline microstructure. In this approach, the polycrystalline microstructure is modeled by means of Voronoi tessellations, and the complex pore geometry is approximated by strategically combining overlapping spheres of varied sizes. The proposed approach provides an elegant way to model the microstructure of SLM-processed Ti-6Al-4V containing pores or crack-like voids, and makes it possible to investigate the relationship between process parameters, pore morphology, and resultant mechanical properties in a finite-element-based simulation framework.

  7. Effect of austenitization conditions on kinetics of isothermal transformation of austenite of structural steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konopleva, E.V.; Bayazitov, V.M.; Abramov, O.V.; Kozlova, A.G.

    1987-01-01

    Effect of austenization of kinetics of pearlite and bainite transformations for steels with different carbon content differing by alloying character and degree has been investigated. Austenization temperature increase is shown to leads to retardation of ferrite-pearlite transformation in low- and medium-carbon alloyed steels. Step-like holding in the region of austenite stable state (850, 950 deg) after high-temperature heating (1100 deg C) increases the rate of transformation partially recovering its kinetics and decomposition velocity after low-temperature heating in steels alloyed advantageously with carbide-forming elements (08Kh2G2F, 30Kh3) and does not affect kinetics in the 35Kh, 30KhGSN2A, 45N5 steels. Increase of heating temperature and growth of an austenite grain cause considerable acceleration of bainite transformation, increase of the temperaure of bainite transformation beginning and increase of the transformation amplitude in the 08Kh2G2F, 30Kh3 steels and affect weakly kinetics in steels with mixed alloying (30KhGSN2A) or low-alloy one (35Kh). The bainite transformation rate in the 45N5 steelite does not depend on austenization. The effect of additional acceleration of bainite transformation as a result holding after high-temperature heating in those steels, where activation of transformation occurs with increase of heating temperature

  8. Síntese e atividade antiedematogênica de derivados N-triptofil-5-benzilideno-2,4-tiazolidinadiona e N-triptofil-5-benzilideno-rodanina Synthesis and antiedematogenic activity of some N-trypthophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione and N-trypthophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine derivatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre José da Silva Góes

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Derivatives of N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione (7a-c and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine (7d-f were prepared by condensation of the intermediates 5 and 6 with different benzaldehydes, respectively. Their structural elucidation was carried through by IR, ¹H NMR and MS. The acute toxicity and antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b,c and 7e,f were evaluated. The data did not reveal any sign of toxicity, and no mortality was registered. As indomethacin (10 mg/kg; v.o., the antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b (50 mg/kg; v.o. and 7e, 7f (50 or 100 mg/kg; v.o. against carrageenan-induced paw edema was verified at time intervals of 180 min.

  9. Electrochemical Characteristics and Li+ Ion Intercalation Kinetics of Dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 Composite in Voltage Range of 0−3 V

    KAUST Repository

    Bhatti, Humaira S

    2016-04-20

    Li4Ti5O12, Li2TiO3 and dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite were prepared by sol-gel method with average particle size of 1 µm, 0.3 µm and 0.4 µm, respectively. Though Li2TiO3 is electrochemically inactive, the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 is comparable to Li4Ti5O12 at different current rates. Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 also shows good rate performance of 90 mA h g-1 at high rate of 10 C in voltage range of 1−3 V, attributable to increased interfaces in the composite. While Li4Ti5O12 delivers capacity retention of 88.6 % at 0.2 C over 50 cycles, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 exhibits no capacity fading at 0.2 C (40 cycles) and capacity retention of 98.45 % at 0.5 C (50 cycles). This highly stable cycling performance is attributed to the contribution of Li2TiO3 in preventing undesirable reaction of Li4Ti5O12 with the electrolyte during cycling. CV curves of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 in 0−3 V range exhibit two anodic peaks at 1.51 V and 0.7−0.0 V, indicating two modes of lithium intercalation into the lattice sites of active material. Owing to enhanced intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics in 0−3 V, composite electrode delivers superior rate performance of 203 mAh/g at 2.85 C and 140 mAh/g at 5.7 C with good reversible capacity retention over 100 cycles.

  10. Electrochemical Characteristics and Li+ Ion Intercalation Kinetics of Dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 Composite in Voltage Range of 0−3 V

    KAUST Repository

    Bhatti, Humaira S; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Ullah, Shafiq; Ahmed, Bilal; Habib, Amir; Karim, Altaf; Hasanain, Syed Khurshid

    2016-01-01

    Li4Ti5O12, Li2TiO3 and dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite were prepared by sol-gel method with average particle size of 1 µm, 0.3 µm and 0.4 µm, respectively. Though Li2TiO3 is electrochemically inactive, the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 is comparable to Li4Ti5O12 at different current rates. Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 also shows good rate performance of 90 mA h g-1 at high rate of 10 C in voltage range of 1−3 V, attributable to increased interfaces in the composite. While Li4Ti5O12 delivers capacity retention of 88.6 % at 0.2 C over 50 cycles, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 exhibits no capacity fading at 0.2 C (40 cycles) and capacity retention of 98.45 % at 0.5 C (50 cycles). This highly stable cycling performance is attributed to the contribution of Li2TiO3 in preventing undesirable reaction of Li4Ti5O12 with the electrolyte during cycling. CV curves of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 in 0−3 V range exhibit two anodic peaks at 1.51 V and 0.7−0.0 V, indicating two modes of lithium intercalation into the lattice sites of active material. Owing to enhanced intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics in 0−3 V, composite electrode delivers superior rate performance of 203 mAh/g at 2.85 C and 140 mAh/g at 5.7 C with good reversible capacity retention over 100 cycles.

  11. Degradation and removal of Ceftriaxone sodium in aquatic environment with Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 photocatalyst.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Yanyan; Liang, Xuhua; Wang, Yongbo; Shi, Huanxian; Liu, Enzhou; Fan, Jun; Hu, Xiaoyun

    2018-08-01

    Modern chemistry aims to identify outstanding photocatalytic materials for antibiotic degradation given the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Herein, highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts composed of Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflowers (BW) and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (CNNs) were successfully synthesized. The Bi 2 WO 6 /g-C 3 N 4 (BW/CNNs) were presented for Ceftriaxone sodium degradation in the aquatic environment at low concentrations under visible light irradiation. The 40%-BW/CNNs showed excellent photocatalytic activity, and approximately 94.50% Ceftriaxone sodium was degraded under visible lightirradiation for 120 min. h + and O 2 - played major roles compared with ·OH in the photocatalytic process. The degradation mechanism and the intermediate products were proposed to better understand the reaction process. Moreover, the as-prepared photocatalysts were highly stable in recycling photocatalytic experiments. Therefore, the photocatalysts prepared in the study showed outstanding photocatalytic activity and potential applications in inhibiting environmental pollution. In addition, this work provides a new insight for constructing other high-performance, low-cost photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Characterization and diffusion model for the titanium boride layers formed on the Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma paste boriding

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Keddam, Mourad, E-mail: keddam@yahoo.fr [Laboratoire de Technologie des Matériaux, Faculté de Génie Mécanique et Génie des Procédés, USTHB, B.P. No. 32, 16111 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers (Algeria); Taktak, Sukru [Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, 03200, Afyonkarahisar (Turkey)

    2017-03-31

    Highlights: • Titanium boride layers were produced by plasma paste boriding on Ti6Al4V at 973–1073 K. • Formation rates of the Ti boride layers have parabolic character at all temperatures. • Boron diffusivities were estimated using a diffusion model including incubation times. • Activation energies of boron in TiB{sub 2} and TiB were 136 and 63 kJ/mol respectively. - Abstract: The present study is focused on the estimation of activation energy of boron in the plasma paste borided Ti6Al4V alloy, which is extensively used in technological applications, using an analytical diffusion model. Titanium boride layers were successfully produced by plasma paste boriding method on the Ti6Al4V alloy in the temperature range of 973–1073 K for a treatment time ranging from 3 to 7 h. The presence of both TiB{sub 2} top-layer and TiB whiskers sub-layer was confirmed by the XRD analysis and SEM observations. The surface hardness of the borided alloy was evaluated using Micro-Knoop indenter. The formation rates of the TiB{sub 2} and TiB layers were found to have a parabolic character at all applied process temperatures. A diffusion model was suggested to estimate the boron diffusivities in TiB{sub 2} and TiB layers under certain assumptions, by considering the effect of boride incubation times. Basing on own experimental data on boriding kinetics, the activation energies of boron in TiB{sub 2} and TiB phases were estimated as 136.24 ± 0.5 and 63.76 ± 0.5 kJ mol{sup −1}, respectively. Finally, the obtained values of boron activation energies for Ti6Al4V alloy were compared with the data available in the literature.

  13. Evaluation of shot peening on the fatigue strength of anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Costa Midori Yoshikawa Pitanga

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available The increasingly design requirements for modern engineering applications resulted in the development of new materials with improved mechanical properties. Low density, combined with excellent weight/strength ratio as well as corrosion resistance, make the titanium attractive for application in landing gears. Fatigue control is a fundamental parameter to be considered in the development of mechanical components. The aim of this research is to analyze the fatigue behavior of anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the influence of shot peening pre treatment on the experimental data. Axial fatigue tests (R = 0.1 were performed, and a significant reduction in the fatigue strength of anodized Ti-6Al-4V was observed. The shot peening superficial treatment, which objective is to create a compressive residual stress field in the surface layers, showed efficiency to increase the fatigue life of anodized material. Experimental data were represented by S-N curves. Scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM was used to observe crack origin sites.

  14. Synthesis and characterization of a pentadentate Schiff base N3O2 ligand and its neutral technetium(V) complex. X-ray structure of (N,N'-3-azapentane-1,5-diylbis(3-(1-iminoethyl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dionato)(3-)-O,O',N,N',N double-prime)oxotechnetium(V)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shuang Liu; Rettig, S.J.; Orvig, C.

    1991-01-01

    Preparations of a potentially pentadentate ligand, N,N'-3-azapentane-1,5-diylbis(3-(1-iminoethyl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4-(3H)-dione) (H 3 apa), and its neutral technetium(V) complex, [TcO(apa)], are described. The 13 C and 1 H NMR, infrared, optical, and mass spectra of the pentadentate ligand and its technetium(V) complex are reported. The X-ray structure of [TcO(apa)] has been determined. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbca, with a = 12.833 (2) angstrom, b = 33.320 (5) angstrom, c = 9.942(4) angstrom, V = 4251 (2) angstrom, and Z = 8. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.028 and R W = 0.032 for 4054 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I). The technetium(V) complex has a highly distorted octahedral coordination geometry comprising a [TcO] 3+ core and the triply deprotonated pentadentate ligand wrapping around the metal center. One of the two oxygen donor atoms of the pentadentate ligand is located trans to the Tc double-bond O bond while the remaining four donor atoms, N 3 O, occupy the equatorial sites. The distance between the deprotonated N(1) atom to the Tc center is significantly shorter than a normal Tc-N single bond length of 2.10 angstroms, but longer than that for a Tc-N triple bond. 1 H NMR spectral data reveal a rigid solution structure for the complex, which undergoes no conformational and configurational exchange at temperatures up to 50C

  15. Oxidation performance of V-Cr-Ti alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Natesan, K.; Uz, M.

    2000-01-01

    Vanadium-base alloys are being considered as candidates for the first wall in advanced V-Li blanket concepts in fusion reactor systems. However, a primary deterrent to the use of these alloys at elevated temperatures is their relatively high affinity for interstitial impurities, i.e., O, N, H, and C. The authors conducted a systematic study to determine the effects of time, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ) in the exposure environment on O uptake, scaling kinetics, and scale microstructure in V-(4--5) wt.% Cr-(4--5) wt.% Ti alloys. Oxidation experiments were conducted on the alloys at pO 2 in the range of 5 x 10 -6 -760 torr (6.6 x 10 -4 -1 x 10 5 Pa) at several temperatures in the range of 350--700 C. Models that describe the oxidation kinetics, oxide type and thickness, alloy grain size, and depth of O diffusion in the substrate of the two alloys were determined and compared. Weight change data were correlated with time by a parabolic relationship. The parabolic rate constant was calculated for various exposure conditions and the temperature dependence of the constant was described by an Arrhenius relationship. The results showed that the activation energy for the oxidation process is fairly constant at pO 2 levels in the range of 5 x 10 -6 -0.1 torr. The activation energy calculated from data obtained in the air tests was significantly lower, whereas that obtained in pure-O tests (at 760 torr) was substantially higher than the energy obtained under low-pO 2 conditions. The oxide VO 2 was the predominant phase that formed in both alloys when exposed to pO 2 levels of 6.6 x 10 -4 to 0.1 torr. V 2 O 5 was the primary phase in specimens exposed to air and to pure O 2 at 760 torr. The implications of the increased O concentration are increased strength and decreased ductility of the alloy. However, the strength of the alloy was not a strong function of the O concentration of the alloy, but an increase in O concentration did cause a substantial decrease

  16. High-pressure coolant effect on the surface integrity of machining titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V: a review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Wentao; Liu, Zhanqiang

    2018-03-01

    Machinability improvement of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is a challenging work in academic and industrial applications owing to its low thermal conductivity, low elasticity modulus and high chemical affinity at high temperatures. Surface integrity of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V is prominent in estimating the quality of machined components. The surface topography (surface defects and surface roughness) and the residual stress induced by machining Ti-6Al-4V occupy pivotal roles for the sustainability of Ti-6Al-4V components. High-pressure coolant (HPC) is a potential choice in meeting the requirements for the manufacture and application of Ti-6Al-4V. This paper reviews the progress towards the improvements of Ti-6Al4V surface integrity under HPC. Various researches of surface integrity characteristics have been reported. In particularly, surface roughness, surface defects, residual stress as well as work hardening are investigated in order to evaluate the machined surface qualities. Several coolant parameters (including coolant type, coolant pressure and the injection position) deserve investigating to provide the guidance for a satisfied machined surface. The review also provides a clear roadmap for applications of HPC in machining Ti-6Al4V. Experimental studies and analysis are reviewed to better understand the surface integrity under HPC machining process. A distinct discussion has been presented regarding the limitations and highlights of the prospective for machining Ti-6Al4V under HPC.

  17. Surface treatment of new type aluminum lithium alloy and fatigue crack behaviors of this alloy plate bonded with Ti–6Al–4V alloy strap

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, Zhen-Qi; Huang, Ming-Hui; Hu, Guo-Huai

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► A new generation aluminum lithium alloy which special made for Chinese commercial plane was investigated. ► Pattern of aluminum lithium alloy and Ti alloy were shown after anodization. ► Crack propagation of samples bonded with different wide Ti straps were studied in this paper. -- Abstract: Samples consisting of new aluminum lithium alloy (Al–Li alloy) plate developed by the Aluminum Company of America and Ti–6Al–4V alloy (Ti alloy) plate were investigated. Plate of 400 mm × 140 mm × 2 mm with single edge notch was anodized in phosphoric solution and Ti alloy plate of 200 mm × 20 (40) mm × 2 mm was anodized in alkali solution. Patterns of two alloys were studied at original/anodized condition. And then, aluminum alloy and Ti alloy plates were assembled into a sample with FM 94 film adhesive. Fatigue crack behaviors of the sample were investigated under condition of nominal stress σ = 36 MPa and 54 MPa, stress ratio of 0.1. Testing results show that anodization treatment modifies alloys surface topography. Ti alloy bonding to Al–Li alloy plate effectively retards crack growth than that of Al–Li alloy plate. Fatigue life of sample bonded with Ti alloy strap improves about 62.5% than that of non-strap plate.

  18. Thermomechanical response of 3D laser-deposited Ti–6Al–4V alloy over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Peng-Hui [School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Guo, Wei-Guo, E-mail: weiguo@nwpu.edu.cn [School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Huang, Wei-Dong [The State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Su, Yu [Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Lin, Xin [The State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Yuan, Kang-Bo [School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China)

    2015-10-28

    To understand and evaluate the thermomechanical property of Ti–6Al–4V alloy prepared by the 3D laser deposition technology, an uniaxial compression test was performed on cylindrical samples using an electronic universal testing machine and enhanced Hopkinson technique, over the range of strain rate from 0.001/s to 5000/s, and at initial temperatures from the room temperature to 1173 K. The microstructure of the undeformed and deformed samples was examined through optical microscopy and the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show the followings: (1) the anisotropy of the mechanical property of this alloy is not significant despite the visible stratification at the exterior surfaces; (2) initial defects, such as the initial voids and lack of fusion, are found in the microstructure and in the crack surfaces of the deformed samples, and they are considered as a major source of crack initiation and propagation; (3) adiabatic shear bands and shearing can easily develop at all selected temperatures for samples under compression; (4) the yield and ultimate strengths of this laser-deposited Ti–6Al–4V alloy are both lower than those of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy prepared by forging and electron beam melting, whereas both of its strengths are higher than those of a conventional grade Ti–6Al–4V alloy at high strain rate only. In addition to compression tests we also conducted tensile loading tests on the laser-deposited alloy at both low and high strain rates (0.1/s and 1000/s). There is significant tension/compression asymmetry in the mechanical response under high-strain-rate loading. It was found that the quasi-static tensile fracturing exhibits typical composite fracture characteristic with quasi-cleavages and dimples, while the high-strain-rate fracturing is characterized by ductile fracture behavior.

  19. Fatigue improvement in low temperature plasma nitrided Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Farokhzadeh, K.; Edrisy, A., E-mail: edrisy@uwindsor.ca

    2015-01-03

    In this study a low temperature (600 °C) treatment was utilized to improve the fatigue performance of plasma nitrided Ti–6Al–4V alloy by optimization of microstructure. In order to study the fatigue properties, rotation bending tests were conducted, the S–N curves were constructed, and the results were compared with those obtained by an elevated temperature treatment (900 °C) as well as conventional gas/plasma nitriding treatments reported in literature. The plasma nitrided alloy at 600 °C showed an endurance limit of 552 MPa which was higher than those achieved by conventional nitriding treatments performed at 750–1100 °C. In contrast, plasma nitriding at 900 °C resulted in the reduction of fatigue life by at least two orders of magnitude compared to the 600 °C treatment, accompanied by a 13% reduction of tensile strength and a 78% reduction of ductility. The deterioration of mechanical properties after the elevated temperature treatment was attributed to the formation of a thick compound layer (∼6 µm) on the surface followed by an α-Case (∼20 µm) and phase transformation in the bulk microstructure from fully equiaxed to bimodal with coarse grains (∼5 times higher average grain size value). The microstructure developed at 600 °C consisted of a thin compound layer (<2 µm) and a deep nitrogen diffusion zone (∼45 µm) while the bulk microstructure was maintained with only 40% grain growth. The micromechanisms of fatigue failures were identified by examination of the fracture surfaces under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that fatigue failure in the plasma nitrided alloy initiated from the surface in the low cycle region (N≤10{sup 5} cycles) and propagated in a ductile manner leading to the final rupture. No failures were observed in the high cycle region (N>10{sup 5} cycles) and the nitrided alloy endured cyclic loading until the tests were stopped at 10{sup 7} cycles. The thin morphology of the compound layer in this

  20. Fatigue improvement in low temperature plasma nitrided Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Farokhzadeh, K.; Edrisy, A.

    2015-01-01

    In this study a low temperature (600 °C) treatment was utilized to improve the fatigue performance of plasma nitrided Ti–6Al–4V alloy by optimization of microstructure. In order to study the fatigue properties, rotation bending tests were conducted, the S–N curves were constructed, and the results were compared with those obtained by an elevated temperature treatment (900 °C) as well as conventional gas/plasma nitriding treatments reported in literature. The plasma nitrided alloy at 600 °C showed an endurance limit of 552 MPa which was higher than those achieved by conventional nitriding treatments performed at 750–1100 °C. In contrast, plasma nitriding at 900 °C resulted in the reduction of fatigue life by at least two orders of magnitude compared to the 600 °C treatment, accompanied by a 13% reduction of tensile strength and a 78% reduction of ductility. The deterioration of mechanical properties after the elevated temperature treatment was attributed to the formation of a thick compound layer (∼6 µm) on the surface followed by an α-Case (∼20 µm) and phase transformation in the bulk microstructure from fully equiaxed to bimodal with coarse grains (∼5 times higher average grain size value). The microstructure developed at 600 °C consisted of a thin compound layer (<2 µm) and a deep nitrogen diffusion zone (∼45 µm) while the bulk microstructure was maintained with only 40% grain growth. The micromechanisms of fatigue failures were identified by examination of the fracture surfaces under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that fatigue failure in the plasma nitrided alloy initiated from the surface in the low cycle region (N≤10 5 cycles) and propagated in a ductile manner leading to the final rupture. No failures were observed in the high cycle region (N>10 5 cycles) and the nitrided alloy endured cyclic loading until the tests were stopped at 10 7 cycles. The thin morphology of the compound layer in this study restricted

  1. Effect of Genetic Variability in the CYP4F2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F12 Genes on Liver mRNA Levels and Warfarin Response

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. E. Zhang

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP 4F2, a vitamin K oxidase, affect stable warfarin dose requirements and time to therapeutic INR. CYP4F2 is part of the CYP4F gene cluster, which is highly polymorphic and exhibits a high degree of linkage disequilibrium, making it difficult to define causal variants. Our objective was to examine the effect of genetic variability in the CYP4F gene cluster on expression of the individual CYP4F genes and warfarin response. mRNA levels of the CYP4F gene cluster were quantified in human liver samples (n = 149 obtained from a well-characterized liver bank and fine mapping of the CYP4F gene cluster encompassing CYP4F2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F12 was performed. Genome-wide association study (GWAS data from a prospective cohort of warfarin-treated patients (n = 711 was also analyzed for genetic variations across the CYP4F gene cluster. In addition, SNP-gene expression in human liver tissues and interactions between CYP4F genes were explored in silico using publicly available data repositories. We found that SNPs in CYP4F2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F12 were associated with mRNA expression in the CYP4F gene cluster. In particular, CYP4F2 rs2108622 was associated with increased CYP4F2 expression while CYP4F11 rs1060467 was associated with decreased CYP4F2 expression. Interestingly, these CYP4F2 and CYP4F11 SNPs showed similar effects with warfarin stable dose where CYP4F11 rs1060467 was associated with a reduction in daily warfarin dose requirement (∼1 mg/day, Pc = 0.017, an effect opposite to that previously reported with CYP4F2 (rs2108622. However, inclusion of either or both of these SNPs in a pharmacogenetic algorithm consisting of age, body mass index (BMI, gender, baseline clotting factor II level, CYP2C9∗2 rs1799853, CYP2C9∗3 rs1057910, and VKORC1 rs9923231 improved warfarin dose variability only by 0.5–0.7% with an improvement in dose prediction accuracy of ∼1–2%. Although there is complex

  2. In vitro bio-functional performances of the novel superelastic beta-type Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-0.5N alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ion, Raluca; Gordin, Doina-Margareta; Mitran, Valentina; Osiceanu, Petre; Dinescu, Sorina; Gloriant, Thierry; Cimpean, Anisoara

    2014-02-01

    The materials used for internal fracture fixations and joint replacements are mainly made of metals which still face problems ranging from higher rigidity than that of natural bone to leaching cytotoxic metallic ions. Beta (β)-type titanium alloys with low elastic modulus made from non-toxic and non-allergenic elements are desirable to reduce stress shielding effect and enhance bone remodeling. In this work, a new β-type Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-0.5N alloy with a Young's modulus of approximately 50 GPa was designed and characterized. The behavior of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on the new alloy, including adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, was evaluated by examining the cytoskeleton, focal adhesion formation, metabolic activity and extracellular matrix mineralization. Results indicated that the pre-osteoblast cells exhibited a similar degree of attachment and growth on Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-0.5N and Ti-6Al-4V. However, the novel alloy proved to be significantly more efficient in sustaining mineralized matrix deposition upon osteogenic induction of the cells than Ti-6Al-4V control. Further, the analysis of RAW 264.7 macrophages cytokine gene and protein expression indicated no significant inflammatory response. Collectively, these findings suggest that the Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-0.5N alloy, which has an increased mechanical biocompatibility with bone, allows a better osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells than Ti-6Al-4V and holds great potential for future clinical prosthetic applications. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. The Importance Of Surface Topography For The Biological Properties Of Nitrided Diffusion Layers Produced On Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wierzchoń T.

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Diffusion nitrided layers produced on titanium and its alloys are widely studied in terms of their application for cardiac and bone implants. The influence of the structure, the phase composition, topography and surface morphology on their biological properties is being investigated. The article presents the results of a study of the topography (nanotopography of the surface of TiN+Ti2N+αTi(N nitrided layers produced in low-temperature plasma on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and their influence on the adhesion of blood platelets and their aggregates. The TEM microstructure of the produced layers have been examined and it was demonstrated that the interaction between platelets and the surface of the titanium implants subjected to glow-discharge nitriding can be shaped via modification of the roughness parameters of the external layer of the TiN titanium nitride nanocrystalline zone.

  4. PET imaging of the brain serotonin transporters (SERT) with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[18F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[18F]-ADAM) in humans: a preliminary study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Wen-Sheng; Huang, San-Yuan; Ho, Pei-Shen; Yeh, Chin-Bin; Ma, Kuo-Hsing; Huang, Ya-Yao; Shiue, Chyng-Yann; Liu, Ren-Syuan; Cheng, Cheng-Yi

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using 4-[ 18 F]-ADAM as a brain SERT imaging agent in humans. Enrolled in the study were 19 healthy Taiwanese subjects (11 men, 8 women; age 33 ± 9 years). The PET data were semiquantitatively analyzed and expressed as specific uptake ratios (SUR) and distribution volume ratios (DVR) using the software package PMOD. The SUR and DVR of 4-[ 18 F]-ADAM in the raphe nucleus (RN), midbrain (MB), thalamus (TH), striatum (STR) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were determined using the cerebellum (CB) as the reference region. 4-[ 18 F]-ADAM bound to known SERT-rich regions in human brain. The order of the regional brain uptake was MB (RN) > TH > STR > PFC > CB. The DVR (n = 4, t* = 60 min) in the RN, TH, STR and PFC were 3.00 ± 0.50, 2.25 ± 0.45, 2.05 ± 0.31 and 1.40 ± 0.13, respectively. The optimal time for imaging brain SERT with 4-[ 18 F]-ADAM was 120-140 min after injection. At the optimal imaging time, the SURs (n = 15) in the MB, TH, STR, and PFC were 2.25 ± 0.20, 2.28 ± 0.20, 2.12 ± 0.18 and 1.47 ± 0.14, respectively. There were no significant differences in SERT availability between men and women (p 18 F]-ADAM was safe for human studies and its distribution in human brain appeared to correlate well with the known distribution of SERT in the human brain. In addition, it had high specific binding and a reasonable optimal time for imaging brain SERT in humans. Thus, 4-[ 18 F]-ADAM may be feasible for assessing the status of brain SERT in humans. (orig.)

  5. Synthesis and antiedematogenic activity of some N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine derivatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goes, Alexandre Jose da Silva; Lima, Waldir Tavares de; Nagy, Helena Juliana; Alves, Antonio Jose; Faria, Antonio Rodolfo de; Lima, Jose Gildo de; Maia, Maria Bernadete de Souza

    2004-01-01

    Derivatives of N tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione (7a-c) and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine (7d-f) were prepared by condensation of the intermediates 5 and 6 with different benzaldehydes, respectively. Their structural elucidation was carried through by IR, 1 H NMR and MS. The acute toxicity and antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b,c and 7e,f were evaluated. The data did not reveal any sign of toxicity, and no mortality was registered. As indomethacin (10 mg/kg; v.o.), the antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b (50 mg/kg; v.o.) and 7e, 7f (50 or 100 mg/kg; v.o.) against carrageenan-induced paw edema was verified at time intervals of 180 min. (author)

  6. Pseudo Jahn–Teller effect in distortion and restoration of planar configurations of tetra-heterocyclic 1,2-diazetes C{sub 2}N{sub 2}E{sub 4}, E = H, F, Cl, Br

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ilkhani, Ali R. [Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Gorinchoy, Natalia N. [Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (Moldova, Republic of); Bersuker, Isaac B., E-mail: bersuker@cm.utexas.edu [Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (Moldova, Republic of)

    2015-10-16

    Highlights: • The pseudo Jahn–Teller mechanism of puckering of tetracyclic 1,2-diazetes is revealed. • Vibronic constants are extracted from ab initio calculations versus PJTE equations. • Methods of restoring the planar configuration by external perturbations are suggested. - Abstract: The pseudo Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE) is employed to explain the origin of the puckered structures of tetra-heterocyclic 1,2-diazetes, C{sub 2}N{sub 2}E{sub 4}, E = H, F, Cl, Br, and to reveal the conditions of restoration of their planar configuration. The high-symmetry C{sub 2v} planar configuration of all these compounds is unstable with respect to puckering, a{sub 2}-type distortions produced by the PJT coupling between their ground {sup 1}A{sub 1} and excited {sup 1}A{sub 2} electronic states. The PJTE coupling constants are estimated by fitting ab initio calculated energy profiles to the formulas of the vibronic coupling problem (A{sub 1} + A{sub 2}) ⊗ a{sub 2}. The conditions for the restoration of the planar configurations of the C{sub 2}N{sub 2}E{sub 4} cycles were revealed: the PJTE can be quenched by removing the outer two electrons, e.g. by producing a “triple-decker sandwich” structure with two electron acceptors on both sides of the neutral cycle.

  7. Work hardening characteristics in Al base alloys with 12.6 and 45 wt.% Zn

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abd El-Salam, F.; Mostafa, M.M.; Wahab, L.A.; Mostafa, M.T.; Abd El-Aziz, Sh.M.

    2008-01-01

    The stress-strain curves were obtained for Al-Zn alloys of 12.6 wt.% Zn (alloy I) and 45 wt.% Zn (alloy II) with elements of purity (99.99). The monotonic shift of these curves towards lower flow stress and higher ductility was interrupted at the transformation temperatures 483 K (alloy I) and both 543, 603 K (alloy II). By increasing deformation temperature, Young's modulus, Y, yield and fracture stresses, σ y and σ f , respectively, fracture time, t f , the coefficient of parabolic work hardening, χ, decreased while fracture strain, ε f , and dislocation slip distance, L, increased. From the obtained X-rays diffraction patterns the lattice strain, ε, crystallite size, η, and dislocation density, ρ, were obtained at different deformation temperatures around transformation

  8. N = 4 super KdV hierarchy in N = 4 and N = 2 superspaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delduc, F.

    1995-10-01

    The results of further analysis of the integrability properties of the N = 4 supersymmetric KdV equation deduced earlier as a Hamiltonian flow on N 4 SU(2) superconformal algebra in the harmonic N = 4 superspace are presented. To make this equation and the relevant Hamiltonian structures more tractable, it is reformulated in the ordinary N = 4 and further in N = 2 superspaces. These results provide a strong evidence that the unique N = 4 SU(2) super KdV hierarchy exists. (author)

  9. Effect of CeO2 on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TiC Bioinert Coatings on Ti6Al4V Alloy by Laser Cladding

    OpenAIRE

    Chen, Tao; Liu, Defu; Wu, Fan; Wang, Haojun

    2017-01-01

    To solve the lack of wear resistance of titanium alloys for use in biological applications, various prepared coatings on titanium alloys are often used as wear-resistant materials. In this paper, TiC bioinert coatings were fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding using mixed TiC and ZrO2 powders as the basic pre-placed materials. A certain amount of CeO2 powder was also added to the pre-placed powders to further improve the properties of the TiC coatings. The effects of CeO2 additive on the ph...

  10. Resistance of direct metal laser sintered Ti6Al4V alloy against growth of fatigue cracks

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Konečná, R.; Kunz, Ludvík; Bača, A.; Nicoletto, G.

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 185, NOV (2017), s. 82-91 ISSN 0013-7944 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Titanium alloys * Ti6Al4V * Fatigue crack growth * Threshold value of stress intensity factor * Direct metal laser sintering Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics OBOR OECD: Audio engineering, reliability analysis Impact factor: 2.151, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013794417300292

  11. Chromium surface alloying of structural steels during laser treatment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurov, I.E.; Nagornykh, S.N.; Sivukhin, G.A.; Solenov, S.V.

    1987-01-01

    Results of matrix alloying from the surface layer and creation of considerably increased chromium concentration in the depth which permits to increase the efficiency of laser treatment of steels (12Kh18N10T and 38KhN3M) in the process of their further mechanical polishing, are presented. The treatment was realized by continuous CO 2 -laser at different power densities and scanning rates are presented. A model describing the creation of anomalous distributions of the alloying element in steels is plotted

  12. Discovery and characterization of LY2784544, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of JAK2V617F

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma, L; Clayton, J R; Walgren, R A; Zhao, B; Evans, R J; Smith, M C; Heinz-Taheny, K M; Kreklau, E L; Bloem, L; Pitou, C; Shen, W; Strelow, J M; Halstead, C; Rempala, M E; Parthasarathy, S; Gillig, J R; Heinz, L J; Pei, H; Wang, Y; Stancato, L F; Dowless, M S; Iversen, P W; Burkholder, T P

    2013-01-01

    Owing to the prevalence of the JAK2V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), its constitutive activity, and ability to recapitulate the MPN phenotype in mouse models, JAK2V617F kinase is an attractive therapeutic target. We report the discovery and initial characterization of the orally bioavailable imidazopyridazine, LY2784544, a potent, selective and ATP-competitive inhibitor of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) tyrosine kinase. LY2784544 was discovered and characterized using a JAK2-inhibition screening assay in tandem with biochemical and cell-based assays. LY2784544 in vitro selectivity for JAK2 was found to be equal or superior to known JAK2 inhibitors. Further studies showed that LY2784544 effectively inhibited JAK2V617F-driven signaling and cell proliferation in Ba/F3 cells (IC 50 =20 and 55 nM, respectively). In comparison, LY2784544 was much less potent at inhibiting interleukin-3-stimulated wild-type JAK2-mediated signaling and cell proliferation (IC 50 =1183 and 1309 nM, respectively). In vivo, LY2784544 effectively inhibited STAT5 phosphorylation in Ba/F3-JAK2V617F-GFP (green fluorescent protein) ascitic tumor cells (TED 50 =12.7 mg/kg) and significantly reduced (P<0.05) Ba/F3-JAK2V617F-GFP tumor burden in the JAK2V617F-induced MPN model (TED 50 =13.7 mg/kg, twice daily). In contrast, LY2784544 showed no effect on erythroid progenitors, reticulocytes or platelets. These data suggest that LY2784544 has potential for development as a targeted agent against JAK2V617F and may have properties that allow suppression of JAK2V617F-induced MPN pathogenesis while minimizing effects on hematopoietic progenitor cells

  13. Assembly of a new inorganic-organic frameworks based on [Sb4Mo12(OH)6O48]10- polyanion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thabet, Safa; Ayed, Meriem; Ayed, Brahim; Haddad, Amor

    2014-10-01

    A new organic-inorganic hybrid material, (C4N2H7)8[K(H2O)]2[Sb4Mo12(OH)6O48]ṡ16H2O (1) has been isolated by the conventional solution method and characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry and TG-DTA analysis. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P - 1 with a = 13.407(6) Å, b = 13.906(2) Å, c = 14.657(7) Å, α = 77.216(9)°, β = 71.284(6)°, γ = 71.312(3)° and Z = 1. The crystal structure exhibits an infinite 1D inorganic structure built from [Sb4Mo12(OH)6O48]10- clusters and potassium cations; adjacent chains are further joined up hydrogen bonding interactions between protonated 2-methylimidazolim cations, water molecules and polyoxoanions to form a 3D supramolecular architecture.

  14. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

    Science.gov (United States)

    1986-04-01

    increased in dosed mice of each sex (male: 0/49; 5/46; 11/49; 7/48; female: 6/48; 10/44; 11/50; 10/47). The incidences of harderian gland adenomas (0/49; 9/46; 13/49; 11/48) in dosed male mice were greater than that in the vehicle controls. A marginal increase in the incidence of adenomas or carcinomas (combined) of the harderian gland was seen in high dose female mice (5/48; 6/44; 10/50; 10/47). The administration of benzene to male mice was associated with increased incidences of hyperplasia (1/21; 18/28; 9/29; 1/35) and squamous cell carcinomas (0/21; 3/28; 18/29; 28/35) of the preputial gland. Increased incidences of mammary gland carcinomas were found in mid dose and high dose female mice (0/49; 2/45; 5/50; 10/49) and carcinosarcomas in high dose female mice (0/49; 0/45; 1/50; 4/49). Increased incidences of various uncommon neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the ovary (papillary cystadenoma, luteoma, granulosa cell tumor, tubular adenoma, benign mixed tumor, epithelial hyperplasia, and senile atrophy) were associated with the administration of benzene to female mice. In mid and high dose female mice, the incidences of granulosa cell tumors (1/47; 1/44; 6/49; 7/48) and benign mixed tumors (0/47; 1/44; 12/49; 7/48) were greater than those in the vehicle controls. Increased incidences of hepatocellular adenomas were observed in low dose female mice (1/49; 8/44; 5/50; 4/49) and hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas (combined) in low dose and mid dose female mice (4/49; 12/44; 13/50; 7/49). An audit of the experimental data was conducted for these 2-year carcinogenesis studies on benzene. No data discrepancies were found that influenced the final interpretations. Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of benzene for male F344/N rats, for female F344/N rats, for male B6C3F1 mice, and for female B6C3F1 mice. For male rats, benzene caused increased incidences of Zymbal gland carcinomas, squamous cell papillomas and

  15. The microstructure and surface hardness of Ti6Al4V alloy implanted with nitrogen ions at an elevated temperature

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vlcak, Petr, E-mail: petr.vlcak@fs.cvut.cz [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 16607 Prague (Czech Republic); Cerny, Frantisek [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 16607 Prague (Czech Republic); Drahokoupil, Jan [Department of Metals, Institute of Physics, AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague (Czech Republic); Sepitka, Josef [Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 16607 Prague (Czech Republic); Tolde, Zdenek [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 16607 Prague (Czech Republic)

    2015-01-25

    Highlights: • The Ti6Al4V samples were implanted with 90 keV nitrogen ions. • The samples were annealed at 500 °C during the ion implantation process. • An elevated temperature increases the mobility of the atoms and the quantity of TiN. • The hardness showed a significant increase compared to room temperature implantation. - Abstract: The effect of an elevated temperature during nitrogen ion implantation on the microstructure and on the surface hardness of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy was examined. The implantation process was carried out at fluences of 1 ⋅ 10{sup 17}, 2.7 ⋅ 10{sup 17} and 6 ⋅ 10{sup 17} cm{sup −2} and at ion energy 90 keV. The implanted samples were annealed at 500 °C during the implantation process. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to obtain a phase characterization and a phase quantification in the implanted sample surface. The surface hardness was investigated by nanoindentation testing, and the nitrogen depth distribution was measured by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy. Elevated temperature led to increased formation of a TiN compound. It was found that a mixture of TiN and an α-Ti(+N) solid solution had a predominant amount of TiN for samples with fluence of 2.7 ⋅ 10{sup 17} cm{sup −2} or higher. Elevated temperature during ion implantation caused an increase in surface hardening more towards the depth of the substrate in comparison with room temperature implantation. The hardness showed a remarkably significant increase at a fluence of 1 ⋅ 10{sup 17} and 2.7 ⋅ 10{sup 17} cm{sup −2} compared to samples implanted at the same fluences and at room temperature. There is a discussion of such mechanisms that explain the observed hardening more towards the depth of the substrate, and the increase in hardness.

  16. Irradiation and annealing behavior of 15Kh2MFA reactor pressure vessel steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Popp, K.; Bergmann, U.; Bergner, F.; Hampe, E.; Leonhardt, W.D.; Schuetzler, H.P.; Viehrig, H.W.

    1992-01-01

    This work deals with the mechanical properties of RPV steels used WWER-440. The materials under investigation were a forging (base metal 15Kh2MFA) and the corresponding weld. Charpy V-notch specimens and tensile test specimens were irradiated in the WWER-2 Rheinsberg at about 270 C up to the two neutron fluence levels of 4 x 10 18 and 5 x 10 19 n/cm 2 (E>1MeV). Post-irradiation annealing heat treatments were performed, among others a 475 C/152 h treatment of technical interest. (orig.)

  17. Corrosion Behavior of Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Biomaterial Application

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saji, Viswanathan S.; Jeong, Yong Hoon; Choe, Han Cheol [Chosun University, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Yu, Jin Woo [Shingyeong University, Hwaseong (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-02-15

    Ti-13Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloy has attracted considerable research attention in the last decade as a suitable substitute for the commercially used Ti-6Al-4V (TAV) alloy for orthopedic and dental implant applications. Hence, in the present work, a comparative evaluation has been performed on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of TNZ and TAV alloys in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution. The result of the study showed that both the alloys had similar electrochemical behavior. The corrosion resistance of TAV alloy is found to be marginally superior to that of TNZ alloy.

  18. Corrosion Behavior of Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys for Biomaterial Application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saji, Viswanathan S.; Jeong, Yong Hoon; Choe, Han Cheol; Yu, Jin Woo

    2010-01-01

    Ti-13Nb-13Zr (TNZ) alloy has attracted considerable research attention in the last decade as a suitable substitute for the commercially used Ti-6Al-4V (TAV) alloy for orthopedic and dental implant applications. Hence, in the present work, a comparative evaluation has been performed on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of TNZ and TAV alloys in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution. The result of the study showed that both the alloys had similar electrochemical behavior. The corrosion resistance of TAV alloy is found to be marginally superior to that of TNZ alloy

  19. Radio-frequency plasma nitriding and nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, S.Y.; Chu, P.K.; Tang, B.Y.; Zeng, X.C.; Wang, X.F.; Chen, Y.B.

    1997-01-01

    Nitrogen ion implantation improves the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloys by forming a hard TiN superficial passivation layer. However, the thickness of the layer formed by traditional ion implantation is typically 100-200 nm and may not be adequate for many industrial applications. We propose to use radio-frequency (RF) plasma nitriding and nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to increase the layer thickness. By using a newly designed inductively coupled RF plasma source and applying a series of negative high voltage pulses to the Ti-6Al-4V samples. RF plasma nitriding and nitrogen PIII can be achieved. Our process yields a substantially thicker modified layer exhibiting more superior wear resistance characteristics, as demonstrated by data from micro-hardness testing, pin-on-disc wear testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The performance of our newly developed inductively coupled RF plasma source which is responsible for the success of the experiments is also described. (orig.)

  20. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-11Li-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca-x Y Alloys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Yong-Ho; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Son, Hyeon-Taek

    2018-09-01

    Magnesium and its alloys are potential candidates for many automotive and aerospace applications due to their low density and high specific strength. However, the use of magnesium as wrought products is limited because of its poor workability at ambient temperatures. Mg-Li alloys containing 5-11 wt.% Li exhibit a two-phase structure consisting of a α (hcp) Mg-rich phase and a β (bcc) Li-rich phase. Mg-Li alloys with Li content greater than 11 wt.% exhibit a single-phase structure consisting of only the β phase. In the present study, we studied the effects of Y addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-11Li-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca based alloys. The melt was maintained at 720 °C for 20 min and poured into a mold. Then, the as-cast Mg alloys were homogenized at 350 °C for 4 h and were hot-extruded onto a 4-mm-thick plate with a reduction ratio of 14:1. The as-cast Mg-11Li-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca-xY (x 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) alloys were composed of α-Mg, β-Li, γ-Mg2Zn3Li, I-Mg3YZn6, W-Mg3Y2Zn3, and X-Mg12YZn phases. By increasing the Y content from 0 to 5 wt.%, the composition of the W-Mg3Y2Zn3 phase increased. With increasing Y content, from 0 to 1, 3, and 5 wt.%, the average grain size and ultimate tensile of the as-extruded Mg alloys decreased slightly, from 8.4, to 3.62, 3.56, and 3.44 μm and from 228.92 to 215.57, 187.47, and 161.04 MPa, respectively, at room temperature.

  1. Effect of trace solute hydrogen on the fatigue life of electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy joints

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tao, Junhui; Hu, Shubing, E-mail: 187352581@qq.com; Ji, Longbo

    2017-01-27

    This paper describes an experimental hydrogenating treatment on a Ti-6Al-4V fatigue specimen containing an electron beam welding joint. The effect of trace solute hydrogen on the microstructures and fatigue behavior of welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy joints was investigated using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and other methodologies. The results demonstrated that no hydride formed in the hydrogenated weld joint at a hydrogen concentration of less than 0.140 wt%. Internal hydrogen, which was present in the alloy in the form of solid solution atoms, caused lattice distortion in the β phase. The fatigue properties of the Ti-6Al-4V weld joint hydrogenated with trace solute hydrogen decreased significantly. The solute hydrogen led to an increase in the brittleness of the hydrogenated weld joint. The dislocation densities in the secondary α and β phase were higher. Fatigue cracks nucleated at the α/β interfaces. The effect of solute hydrogen accelerated the separation of the persistent slip bands, which decreased the threshold required for fatigue crack growth. Solute hydrogen also accelerated the fatigue crack growth rate. These two factors contributed to the degradation of the fatigue life in the electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy joints.

  2. Unconventionally prepared TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts for photocatalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide

    Science.gov (United States)

    Troppová, Ivana; Šihor, Marcel; Reli, Martin; Ritz, Michal; Praus, Petr; Kočí, Kamila

    2018-02-01

    The TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with the various TiO2:g-C3N4 weight ratios from 1:1 to 1:3 were prepared unconventionally by pressurized hot water processing in a flow regime. The parent TiO2 and g-C3N4 was prepared by thermal hydrolysis and thermal annealing, respectively. The nanocomposites as well as parent TiO2 and g-C3N4 were characterized using several complementary characterization methods and investigated in the photocatalytic decomposition of N2O under UVA (λ = 365 nm) irradiation. All the prepared TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showed higher photocatalytic activity in comparison with the pure g-C3N4 and chiefly pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites was decreasing in the following sequence: TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:3) > TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:2) > TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:1). In comparison with the parent TiO2 or g-C3N4, the TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites' photocatalytic capability was significantly enhanced by coupling TiO2 with g-C3N4. The generation of TiO2/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst mainly benefited from the effective separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and the extended optical absorption range. The TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:3) nanocomposite showed the best photocatalytic behavior in a consequence of the optimal weight ratio of TiO2:g-C3N4 and the lowest band gap energy from all nanocomposites. The N2O conversion in its presence was 70.6% after 20 h of UVA irradiation.

  3. Structural characterization and electrochemical behavior of 45S5 bioglass coating on Ti6Al4V alloy for dental applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    López, M.M. Machado, E-mail: machadolopez23@gmail.com [Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C.U. Edificio “U”, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México (Mexico); Fauré, J. [Laboratoire Ingénierie et Sciences des Matériaux (LISM EA 4695) - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 21 rue Clément Ader, Reims, BP 138 Cedex 02, 51685 France (France); Cabrera, M.I. Espitia [Facultad de ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C.U. Edificio “D”, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México (Mexico); García, M.E. Contreras, E-mail: eucontre@umich.mx [Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C.U. Edificio “U”, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México (Mexico)

    2016-04-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Bioglass 45S5 nanostructured films were obtained by colloidal electrophoretic deposition (CEDP) method, proposed in this work, on Ti6Al4 V substrates. • Ti6Al4 V corrosion resistance in Hank's solution was increased with bioglass 45S5 coating. • Crystalline phases of 45S5 bioglass xerogels were obtained and characterized by XRD. • The model of chemical anchoring between Ti6Al4 V and bioglass 45S5 is proposed. - Abstract: In the present work, 45S5 bioglass coatings were deposited on the Ti6Al4 V alloy substrate through the cathodic colloidal electrophoretic deposition process (CEDP) proposed in this work. The coatings were thermally treated at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C for 2 h, and their structure was characterized by FESEM and DRX. Nanostructure and phase evolution of the coatings and xerogels was followed as a function of temperature. The corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4 V alloy and the 45S5/Ti6Al4 V coating was studied by means of Tafel extrapolation in Hank's solution, at 37 °C, simulating the conditions inside the mouth. The 45S5 bioglass coatings displayed an amorphous nanostructure at lower temperatures, and partial crystallization at higher temperatures. An increase in the corrosion resistance was observed in the 45S5/Ti6l4 V coating treated at 700 °C because it reduced the i{sub corr}, and there was a change in the E{sub corr} towards more noble values. A model of the chemical anchorage of the 45S5 bioglass coating on Ti6Al4 V was proposed.

  4. Vacuum Pressureless Sintering of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Full Densification and Forged-Like Mechanical Properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Ce; Lu, Boxin; Wang, Haiying; Guo, Zhimeng; Paley, Vladislav; Volinsky, Alex A.

    2018-01-01

    Ti-6Al-4V ingots with a nearly 100% density, fine and homogeneous basket-weave microstructure, and better comprehensive mechanical properties (UTS = 935 MPa, Y.S. = 865 MPa, El. = 15.8%), have been manufactured by vacuum pressureless sintering of blended elemental powders. Coarse TiH2 powder, Al powder (2, 20 μm), V powder, and Al-V master alloy powder were used as raw materials to produce different powder mixtures ( D 50 = 10 μm). Then, the compacts made by cold isostatic pressing were consolidated by different sintering curves. A detailed investigation of different as-sintered samples revealed that a higher density can be obtained by generating transient molten Al in the sintering process. Coarse Al powder and a rapid heating rate under the melting point of Al contribute to molten Al formation. The presence of temporary liquid phase changes the sintering mechanism, accelerating the sintering neck formation, improving sinterability of the powder mixtures. Density of 99.5% was achieved at 1150 °C, which is markedly lower than the sintering temperatures reported for conventional blended elemental powder metallurgy routes. In addition, low interstitial content, especially for oxygen (0.17 wt.%), is obtained by strict process control.

  5. Influence of Material Microstructures in Micromilling of Ti6Al4V Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudio Giardini

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available In the most recent decades the introduction of unconventional machining processes allowed the development of micromachining techniques. In this work, the influence of material microstructures on the micromilling process was investigated. Ti6Al4V alloy was selected as workpiece material since it is a very common material for micro applications and because its duplex microstructure can be easily changed by proper thermal treatments. Four different microstructures (namely bimodal, fully equiaxed, fully lamellar and mill annealed were obtained through recrystallization annealing treatments carried out at different times and temperatures. The mechanical properties of the samples were assessed by microhardness measurements. Nano-indentations were also performed on single grains to understand how the different hardness of phases and structures present in the Ti6Al4V alloy can affect the micromilling process. Microchannels using two flute flat end mills with a diameter equal to 200 µm were realized on the treated samples. Two different feed-per-tooth values were used during the tests. Cutting force, channel shape and burr dimension were investigated. Morphological and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS analyses were performed on tools by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM: in this way the phenomena mainly influencing the tool status were also identified. Lower cutting forces and reduced tool wear were observed when working fully lamellar microstructures compared to the other ones.

  6. PET imaging of the brain serotonin transporters (SERT) with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[{sup 18}F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM) in humans: a preliminary study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, Wen-Sheng [PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neihu, Taipei (China); Changhua Christian Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhua (China); Huang, San-Yuan; Ho, Pei-Shen; Yeh, Chin-Bin [Tri-Service General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei (China); Ma, Kuo-Hsing [National Defense Medical Center, Department of Biology and Anatomy, Taipei (China); Huang, Ya-Yao; Shiue, Chyng-Yann [PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neihu, Taipei (China); PET Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei (China); Liu, Ren-Syuan [Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei (China); Cheng, Cheng-Yi [PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neihu, Taipei (China)

    2013-01-15

    The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using 4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM as a brain SERT imaging agent in humans. Enrolled in the study were 19 healthy Taiwanese subjects (11 men, 8 women; age 33 {+-} 9 years). The PET data were semiquantitatively analyzed and expressed as specific uptake ratios (SUR) and distribution volume ratios (DVR) using the software package PMOD. The SUR and DVR of 4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM in the raphe nucleus (RN), midbrain (MB), thalamus (TH), striatum (STR) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were determined using the cerebellum (CB) as the reference region. 4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM bound to known SERT-rich regions in human brain. The order of the regional brain uptake was MB (RN) > TH > STR > PFC > CB. The DVR (n = 4, t* = 60 min) in the RN, TH, STR and PFC were 3.00 {+-} 0.50, 2.25 {+-} 0.45, 2.05 {+-} 0.31 and 1.40 {+-} 0.13, respectively. The optimal time for imaging brain SERT with 4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM was 120-140 min after injection. At the optimal imaging time, the SURs (n = 15) in the MB, TH, STR, and PFC were 2.25 {+-} 0.20, 2.28 {+-} 0.20, 2.12 {+-} 0.18 and 1.47 {+-} 0.14, respectively. There were no significant differences in SERT availability between men and women (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that 4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM was safe for human studies and its distribution in human brain appeared to correlate well with the known distribution of SERT in the human brain. In addition, it had high specific binding and a reasonable optimal time for imaging brain SERT in humans. Thus, 4-[{sup 18}F]-ADAM may be feasible for assessing the status of brain SERT in humans. (orig.)

  7. Modification of Ti6Al4V surface by diazonium compounds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sandomierski, Mariusz; Buchwald, Tomasz; Strzemiecka, Beata; Voelkel, Adam

    2018-02-01

    Ti6Al4V alloy is the most commonly used in orthopedic industry as an endoprosthesis. Ti6Al4V exhibits good mechanical properties, except the abrasion resistance. Surface modification of Ti6Al4V in order to obtain organic layer, and then the attachment of the polymer, can allow for overcoming this problem. The aim of the work was the modification of Ti6Al4V surface by diazonium compounds: salt or cation generated in situ and examine the influence of the reducing agent - ascorbic acid, and the temperature of reaction on modification process. Moreover, the simulated body fluid was used for the assessment of the organic layer stability on Ti6Al4V surface. The evaluation of the modification was carried out using the following methods: Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Higher temperature of modification by 4-hydroxymethylbenzenediazonium cation, provides the largest amount of organic layer on the Ti6Al4V alloy. In the case of the Ti6Al4V modified by Variamine Blue B salt, the amount of organic layer is not dependent on the reaction condition. Moreover, the ascorbic acid and the presence of TiO2 does not effect on the modification. The modified surface is completely coated with the organic layer which is stable in simulated body fluid.

  8. COMPARISON OF THE MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF POROUS TI-6AL-4V ALLOYS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT COMPACTION TECHNIQUES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.İpek Selimoğlu

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Porous Ti-6Al-4V alloys are attractive candidates as implant materials due to their good biocompatibility combined with the porous structure leading to increased osseointegration and decreased stiffness. Accordingly, different processing techniques were employed for the production of Ti-6Al-4V foams in the literature. Among these techniques, sintering with space holder is used to produce porous Ti-6Al-4V alloys in this study. Magnesium was employed as the space holder material because of its relatively low boiling point as well as high oxygen affinity. Two different compaction techniques, die compaction with hydraulic pressing and cold isostatic pressing (CIP, were employed for obtaining green compacts. Both spherical and nonspherical Ti-6Al-4V powders were used to investigate the effect of powder shape on compaction. Processed foams were characterized in terms of both microstructural and mechanical aspects in order to investigate the effect of pressing conditions in combination with powder characteristics. It was observed that NS-CIP foam, which was produced by compacting nonspherical powders by cold isostatic press, has the highest strength. However, the S-DP foam, which was produced by die-pressing of spherical powders, has the highest toughness.

  9. Influence of sintering temperature on mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powder

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Muthuchamy, A.; Patel, Paridh; Rajadurai, M. [VIT Univ., Vellore, Tamil Nadu (India); Chaurisiya, Jitendar K. [NIT, Suratkal (India); Annamalai, A. Raja [VIT Univ., Vellore, Tamil Nadu (India). Centre for Innovative Manufacturing Research

    2018-04-01

    Spark plasma sintering provides faster heating that can create fully, or near fully, dense samples without significant grain growth. In this study, pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4 V powder compact samples produced through field assisted sintering in a spark plasma sintering machine are compared as a function of consolidation temperature. The effect of sintering temperature on the densification mechanism, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-6Al-4 V alloy compacts was investigated in detail. The compact, sintered at 1100 C, exhibited near net density, highest hardness and strength as compared to the other compacts processed at a temperature lower than 1100 C.

  10. Microstructural influence on low-temperature superplasticity of ultrafine-grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ko, Young Gun; Kim, Woo Gyeom; Lee, Chong Soo; Shin, Dong Hyuk

    2005-01-01

    Microstructural influence on low-temperature superplastic behavior of ultrafine-grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated. The deformed structures were analyzed with the increment of strain by transmission electron microscopy. Also, a series of tensile tests were carried out on ultrafine-grained (UFG) samples to measure elongation at temperature of 973 K and at strain rates of 10 -4 to 10 -2 s -1 . The results indicated that elongation was significantly increased with increasing ECAP straining from 4 to 8 revealing more high-angle grain boundaries. Deformation mechanisms for UFG structure were analyzed in the context of inelastic deformation theory, which consisted of dislocation glide and grain boundary sliding

  11. Fe--12Ni--4Co--2Mo--.05Ti alloy for use at 770K and below

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Whitaker, B.W.

    1975-10-01

    A variant of the maraging class of steels is proposed for application at 77 0 K and below where a combination of very high strength and good toughness is required. The alloy has a composition of Fe-12Ni-4Co-2Mo-0.05Ti where low interstitial content. The as quenched and quenched and aged structures were completely martensitic with a prior austenitic grain size of 10 to 12 μm. This structure had a Y.S. of 138.5 ksi and 154 ksi before and after aging respectively. All aging was done at 444 0 C for 4 hours. The DBTT was shown to lie above 77 0 K as measured by C/sub v/ testing. Based on dilatometric studies of the α → γ and γ → α transformation temperatures a cycling treatment consisting of reportedly heating to above the A/sub f/ temperature followed by a water quench was utilized to further reduce the prior γ grain size to approximately 4 to 6 μm. The structure was completely martensitic and possessed a Y.S. of 151 ksi at 77 0 K in the unaged condition with a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 1.9 while the aged structure showed a Y.S. of 162 ksi with a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 1.3. C/sub v/ testing showed the DBTT to lie between 77 0 K and 4.2 0 K. Further grain refinement was accomplished by a 2 phase decomposition procedure which resulted in a grain size of 1 to 2 μm. The structure which contained decreasing amounts of austenite with temperature (3.0 percent at R.T. to 1.0 percent at 4.2 0 K) showed the best combination of strength and ductility at 4.2 0 K. A Y.S. of 205 ksi with a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 0.84 was achieved before aging. The aged structure was brittle at 4.2 0 K with a Y.S. of 218 ksi and a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 0.425

  12. Structure and stability of small Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )-Xen (n = 1-6) clusters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saidi, Sameh; Ghanmi, Chedli; Berriche, Hamid

    2014-04-01

    We have studied the structure and stability of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters for special symmetry groups. The potential energy surfaces of these clusters, are described using an accurate ab initio approach based on non-empirical pseudopotential, parameterized l-dependent polarization potential and analytic potential forms for the Li+Xe and Xe-Xe interactions. The pseudopotential technique has reduced the number of active electrons of Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )-Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters to only one electron, the Li valence electron. The core-core interactions for Li+Xe are included using accurate CCSD(T) potential fitted using the analytical form of Tang and Toennies. For the Xe-Xe potential interactions we have used the analytical form of Lennard Jones (LJ6 - 12). The potential energy surfaces of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g )Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters are performed for a fixed distance of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g ) alkali dimer, its equilibrium distance. They are used to extract information on the stability of the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters. For each n, the stability of the different isomers is examined by comparing their potential energy surfaces. Moreover, we have determined the quantum energies ( D 0), the zero-point-energies (ZPE) and the ZPE%. To our best knowledge, there are neither experimental nor theoretical works realized for the Li2 +(X2Σ+ g Xe n ( n = 1-6) clusters, our results are presented for the first time.

  13. Effect of ZrO{sub 2} particle on the performance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on Ti6Al4V

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Hong; Sun, Yezi; Zhang, Jin, E-mail: zhangjin@ustb.edu.cn

    2015-07-01

    Highlights: • An anti-oxidation TiO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2} composite coating on Ti6Al4V alloy was prepared using micro-arc oxidation technology by adding ZrO{sub 2} particles in single phosphoric acid solution. • The composite coating displays excellent anti-oxidation characteristic at 700 °C in the air. • The concentration of ZrO{sub 2} particles not only influences the roughness and thickness of the coating, but the morphologies, phase composition, oxidation resistance and wear resistance. - Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of ZrO{sub 2} particle on the oxidation resistance and wear properties of coatings on a Ti6Al4V alloy generated using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. Different concentrations micron ZrO{sub 2} particles were added in phosphate electrolyte and dispersed by magnetic stirring apparatus. The composition of coating was characterized using X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrum, and the morphology was examined using SEM. The high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating sample at 700 °C was investigated. Sliding wear behaviour was tested by a wear tester. The results showed that the coating consisted of ZrTiO{sub 4}, ZrO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2}. With ZrO{sub 2} particle addition, the ceramic coating's forming time reduced by the current dynamic curve. It was shown that the addition of ZrO{sub 2} particles (3 g/L, 6 g/L) expressed an excellent oxidation resistance at 700 °C and wear resistance.

  14. Influence of the final temperature of investment healting on the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro César Garcia Oliveira

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the temperature of investment healting on the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy casting. Were obtained for the tensile strength test dumbbell rods that were invested in the Rematitan Plus investment and casting in the Discovery machine cast. Thirty specimens were obtained, fiftten to the CP Titanium and fifteen to the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, five samples to each an of the three temperatures of investment: 430ºC (control group, 480ºC and 530ºC. The tensile test was measured by means of a universal testing machine, MTS model 810, at a strain of 1.0 mm/min. After the tensile strenght test the specimens were secctioned, embedded and polished to hardness measurements, using a Vickers tester, Micromet 2100. The means values to tensile tests to the temperatures 430ºC, 480 and 530: CP Ti (486.1 - 501.16 - 498.14 -mean 495.30 MPa and Ti-6Al-4V alloy (961.33 - 958.26 - 1005.80 - mean 975.13 MPa while for the Vickers hardness the values were (198.06, 197.85, 202.58 - mean 199.50 and (352.95, 339.36, 344.76 - mean 345.69, respectively. The values were submitted to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA and Tukey,s Test that indicate differences significant only between the materials, but not between the temperature, for both the materias. It was conclued that increase of the temperature of investment its not chance the tensile strength and the Vickers hardness of the CP Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

  15. Cross-sections of 45Sc(n,2n)44m,gSc reaction from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo, J.; Peking Univ., Beijing; Liu, R.; Jiang, L.; Liu, Z.; Sun, G.; Ge, S.

    2013-01-01

    Cross sections of 45 Sc(n,2n) 44m,g Sc reactions and their isomeric cross section ratios σ m /σ g have been measured at three neutron energies between 13.5 and 14.8 MeV using the activation technique. The pure cross section of the groundstate was then obtained by utilizing the absolute cross section of the metastable state and analysis methods of residual nuclear decay. The monoenergetic neutron beam was produced via the 3 H(d, n) 4 He reaction. The cross sections were also estimated with the TALYS-1.2 nuclear model code using different level density options, at neutron energies varying from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. Results are also discussed and compared with some corresponding values found in the literature. (orig.)

  16. Welding procedure for 06Kh13N7D2 steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Muromtsev, B.I.; Turkov, I.I.

    1990-01-01

    Based on the results of investigations into the process strength, mechanical and corrosion properties of 08Kh13N7D2 steel welded joints, the optimal method of its welding and a possibility of applying it for high-strength mounting in nuclear power plants are determined

  17. Growth of aluminum-free porous oxide layers on titanium and its alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb by micro-arc oxidation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duarte, Laís T; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; Biaggio, Sonia R; Rocha-Filho, Romeu C; Nascente, Pedro A P

    2014-08-01

    The growth of oxides on the surfaces of pure Ti and two of its ternary alloys, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb, by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in a pH 5 phosphate buffer was investigated. The primary aim was to form thick, porous, and aluminum-free oxide layers, because these characteristics favor bonding between bone and metal when the latter is implanted in the human body. On Ti, Ti-6Al-4 V, and Ti-6Al-7Nb, the oxides exhibited breakdown potentials of about 200 V, 130 V, and 140 V, respectively, indicating that the oxide formed on the pure metal is the most stable. The use of the MAO procedure led to the formation of highly porous oxides, with a uniform distribution of pores; the pores varied in size, depending on the anodizing applied voltage and time. Irrespective of the material being anodized, Raman analyses allowed us to determine that the oxide films consisted mainly of the anatase phase of TiO2, and XPS results indicated that this oxide is free of Al and any other alloying element. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Broadband sensitized white light emission of g-C_3N_4/Y_2MoO_6:Eu"3"+ composite phosphor under near ultraviolet excitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Bing; Xue, Yongfei; Li, Pengju; Zhang, Jingtao; Zhang, Jie; Shi, Hengzhen

    2015-01-01

    The g-C_3N_4/Y_2MoO_6:Eu"3"+ composite phosphors were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflection spectra, photoluminescence spectra and luminescence decay curves. Under the excitation of 360 nm near ultraviolet light, these composite phosphors show tunable emission from blue to red region, in which white light emission can be obtained in term of appropriate quality proportion of Y_2MoO_6:Eu"3"+ relative to g-C_3N_4/Y_2MoO_6:Eu"3"+. In addition, the emission color can be also dependent on the excitation wavelength in g-C_3N_4/Y_2MoO_6:Eu"3"+ composite phosphor. - Graphical abstract: Under the excitation of 360 nm near ultraviolet light, the g-C_3N_4/Y_2MoO_6:Eu"3"+ composite phosphors show tunable emission from blue to red region, in which white light emission can be obtained. - Highlights: • The g-C3N4/Y2MoO6:Eu"3"+ composite phosphors were synthesized and characterized. • White light emission was realized in the g-C3N4/Y2MoO6:Eu"3"+ composites under UV excitation. • A novel idea to realize the broadband sensitized white light emission in phosphors was provided.

  19. Peculiarities of welding procedure for the 05Kh12K14N5M5T-VD maraging stainless steel with strength higher 1500 MPa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pustovit, A.I.

    1980-01-01

    The effect of welding procedure of 05Kh12K14N5M5T-VD stainless steel on the properties of its welded joints is investigated. A new procedure of welding for pressure vessels made of this steel using Sv-03Kh15K14N5M3T-EL welding wire is suggested [ru

  20. Dynamic globularization of a-phase in Ti6Al4V alloy during hot compression

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Mutombo, K

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available composition dependence of the martensite start temperature (Ms) has been done for Ti-Fe, Ti-Cr, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Nb, Ti-Zr and Ti-Al alloys [1], [2]. The beneficial effect on the formation of hexagonal-structured martensite (α′) of Al, Mn, Cr, Sn and Fe... alloying elements, has been discussed by Lin et al [4]. However, the formation of the orthorhombic-structured martensite (α′′) which is favoured by elements such as Nb, Mo, Zr, W and V (strong β stabilizers) or H (a strong β stabilizer), has been reported...

  1. Corrosion behaviour of Al-Fe-Ti-V medium entropy alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bodunrin, M. O.; Obadele, B. A.; Chown, L. H.; Olubambi, P. A.

    2017-12-01

    Alloys containing up to four multi-principal elements in equiatomic ratios are referred to as medium entropy alloys (MEA). These alloys have attracted the interest of many researchers due to the superior mechanical properties it offers over the traditional alloys. The design approach of MEA often results to simple solid solution with either body centered cubic; face centered cubic structures or both. As the consideration for introducing the alloys into several engineering application increases, there have been efforts to study the corrosion behaviour of these alloys. Previous reports have shown that some of these alloys are more susceptible to corrosion when compared with traditional alloys due to lack of protective passive film. In this research, we have developed AlFeTiV medium entropy alloys containing two elements (Ti and Al) that readily passivate when exposed to corrosive solutions. The alloys were produced in vacuum arc furnace purged with high purity argon. Open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarisation tests were used to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of the as-cast AlFeTiV alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl and 1 M H2SO4. The corrosion performance of the alloy was compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy tested under similar conditions. The results show that unlike in Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the open circuit potential of the AlFeTiV alloy move towards the negative values in both 3.5 wt% NaCl and 1 M H2SO4 solutions indicating that self-activation occurred rapidly on immersion. Anodic polarisation of the alloys showed that AlFeTiV alloy exhibited a narrow range of passivity in both solutions. In addition, the alloys exhibited lower Ecorr and higher Icorr when compared with traditional Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The traditional Ti-6Al-4V alloy showed superior corrosion resistant to the AlFeTiV alloy in both 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 1 M H2SO4 solutions.

  2. catena-Poly[[[bis[aquanickel(II]bis(μ-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato N-oxide]-μ-1,2-di-4-pyridylethane] tetrahydrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ming-Hua Yang

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available In the title compound, {[Ni2(C7H3NO52(C12H12N2(H2O24H2O}n, two NiII ions, two tridentate pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-oxide ligands and two coordinated water molecules form centrosymmetric dinuclear units, which are further bridged by centrosymmetric 1,2-di-4-pyridylethane ligands into polymeric chains along [210]. Each NiII ion has a distorted square-pyramidal environment, with the basal plane formed by three O [Ni—O = 1.9290 (16–1.9588 (10 Å] and one N [Ni—N = 1.9828 (18 Å] atoms and the apical position occupied by the water molecule [Ni—O = 2.2643 (11 Å]. The water molecules are involved in the formation of O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

  3. Multilinear stress-strain and failure calibrations for Ti-6Al-4V.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Corona, Edmundo [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

    2018-02-01

    This memo concerns calibration of an elastic-plastic J2 material model for Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) alloy based on tensile uniaxial stress-strain data obtained in the laboratory. In addition, tension tests on notched specimens provided data to calibrate two ductile failure models: Johnson-Cook and Wellman's tearing parameter. The tests were conducted by Kim Haulen- beek and Dave Johnson (1528) in the Structural Mechanics Laboratory (SML) during late March and early April, 2017. The SML EWP number was 4162. The stock material was a TIMETALR® 6-4 Titanium billet with 9 in. by 9 in. square section and length of 137 in. The product description indicates that it was a forging delivered in annealed condition (2 hours @ 1300oF, AC at the mill). The tensile mechanical properties reported in the material certi cation are given in Table 1, where σo represents the 0.2% strain offset yield stress, σu the ultimate stress, εf the elongation at failure and R.A. the reduction in area.

  4. Crystal structure of tetrabutylammonium bromide–1,2-diiodo-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene–dichloromethane (2/2/1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jasmine Viger-Gravel

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The crystallization of a 1:1 molar solution of 1,2-diiodo-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene (o-DITFB and tetrabutylammonium bromide (n-Bu4NBr from dichloromethane yielded pure white crystals of a halogen-bonded compound, C16H36N+·Br−·C6F4I2·0.5CH2Cl2 or [(n-Bu4NBr(o-DITFB]·0.5CH2Cl2. The compound may be described as a quaternary system and may be classified as a salt–cocrystal solvate. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of solvent, two o-DITFB molecules, two cations (n-Bu4N+ and two crystallographically distinct bromide ions [θI...Br-...I = 144.18 (1 and 135.35 (1°]. The bromide ion is a bidentate halogen-bond acceptor which interacts with two covalently bonded iodines (i.e. halogen-bond donors, resulting in a one-dimensional polymeric zigzag chain network approximately along the a axis. The observed short contacts and angles are characteristic of the non-covalent interaction [dC—I...Br = 3.1593 (4–3.2590 (5 Å; θC—I...Br = 174.89 (7 and 178.16 (7°]. It is noted that iodine acts as both a halogen-bond donor and a weak CH hydrogen-bond acceptor, while the bromide ions act as acceptors for weak CH hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds.

  5. Biotransformation of ginsenosides F4 and Rg6 in zebrafish.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shen, Wen-Wen; Zhang, Hai-Xia; Qiu, Shou-Bei; Wei, Ying-Jie; Zhu, Fen-Xia; Wang, Jing; Wang, Dan-Dan; Jia, Xiao-Bin; Tang, Dao-Quan; Chen, Bin

    2017-03-28

    Ginsenosides F 4 and Rg 6 (GF 4 and GRg 6 ), two main active components of steamed notoginseng or red ginseng, are dehydrated disaccharide saponins. In this work, biotransformation of ginsenosides F 4 and Rg 6 in zebrafish was investigated by qualitatively identifying their metabolites and then proposing their possible metabolic pathways. The prediction of possible metabolism of ginsenosides F 4 and Rg 6 using zebrafish model which can effectively simulate existing mammals model was early and quickly performed. Metabolites of ginsenosides F 4 and Rg 6 after exposing to zebrafish for 24 h were identified by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. A total of 8 and 6 metabolites of ginsenosides F 4 and Rg 6 were identified in zebrafish, respectively. Of these, 7 and 5, including M1, M3-M5, M7-M9 and N1 (N5), N2, N4 (N9), N7-N8 were reported for the first time as far as we know. The mechanisms of their biotransformation involved were further deduced to be desugarization, glucuronidation, sulfation, dehydroxylation, loss of C-17 and/or C-23 residue pathways. It was concluded that loss of rhamnose at position C-6 and glucuronidation at position C-3 in zebrafish were considered as the main physiologic and metabolic processes of ginsenosides F 4 and ginsenosides Rg 6 , respectively.

  6. Surface analysis and biocorrosion properties of nanostructured surface sol-gel coatings on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy implants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Advincula, Maria C; Petersen, Don; Rahemtulla, Firoz; Advincula, Rigoberto; Lemons, Jack E

    2007-01-01

    Surfaces of biocompatible alloys used as implants play a significant role in their osseointegration. Surface sol-gel processing (SSP), a variant of the bulk sol-gel technique, is a relatively new process to prepare bioreactive nanostructured titanium oxide for thin film coatings. The surface topography, roughness, and composition of sol-gel processed Ti6Al4V titanium alloy coatings was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). This was correlated with corrosion properties, adhesive strength, and bioreactivity in simulated body fluids (SBF). Electroimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization studies indicated similar advantageous corrosion properties between sol-gel coated and uncoated Ti6Al4V, which was attributed to the stable TiO2 composition, topography, and adhesive strength of the sol-gel coating. In addition, inductive coupled plasma (ICP) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) analysis of substrates immersed in SBF revealed higher deposition of calcium and phosphate and low release rates of alloying elements from the sol-gel modified alloys. The equivalent corrosion behavior and the definite increase in nucleation of calcium apatite indicate the potential of the sol-gel coating for enhanced bioimplant applications. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

    OpenAIRE

    Wang, Dan; Li, Heng; Yang, He; Ma, Jun; Li, Guangjun

    2014-01-01

    The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods (c...

  8. Synthesis and characterization of new fluoride-containing manganese vanadates A{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2} (A=Rb, Cs) and Mn{sub 2}VO{sub 4}F

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanjeewa, Liurukara D. [Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973 (United States); McGuire, Michael A. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Smith Pellizzeri, Tiffany M.; McMillen, Colin D. [Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973 (United States); Ovidiu Garlea, V. [Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Willett, Daniel; Chumanov, George [Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973 (United States); Kolis, Joseph W., E-mail: kjoseph@clemson.edu [Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973 (United States)

    2016-09-15

    Large single crystals of A{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2} (A=Rb, Cs) and Mn{sub 2}VO{sub 4}F were grown using a high-temperature (~600 °C) hydrothermal technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction were utilized to characterize the structures, which both possess MnO{sub 4}F{sub 2} building blocks. The A{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2} series crystallizes as a new structure type in space group Pbcn (No. 60), Z=4 (Rb{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2}: a=7.4389(17) Å, b=11.574(3) Å, c=10.914(2) Å; Cs{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2}: a=7.5615(15) Å, b=11.745(2) Å, c=11.127(2) Å). The structure is composed of zigzag chains of edge-sharing MnO{sub 4}F{sub 2} units running along the a-axis, and interconnected through V{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrovanadate groups. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements on this interesting one-dimensional structural feature based on Mn{sup 2+} indicated that Cs{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2} is antiferromagnetic with a Neél temperature, T{sub N}=~3 K and a Weiss constant, θ, of −11.7(1) K. Raman and infrared spectra were also analyzed to identify the fundamental V–O vibrational modes in Cs{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2}. Mn{sub 2}(VO{sub 4})F crystalizes in the monoclinic space group of C2/c (no. 15), Z=8 with unit cell parameters of a=13.559(2) Å, b=6.8036(7) Å, c=10.1408(13) Å and β=116.16(3)°. The structure is associated with those of triplite and wagnerite. Dynamic fluorine disorder gives rise to complex alternating chains of five-and six-coordinate Mn{sup 2+}. These interpenetrating chains are additionally connected through isolated VO{sub 4} tetrahedra to form the condensed structure. - Graphical abstract: New vanadate fluorides A{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}F{sub 2} (A=Rb, Cs) and Mn{sub 2}(VO{sub 4})F have been synthesized hydrothermally. Upon cooling, the one-dimensional Mn(II) substructure results in antiferromagnetic

  9. The BPS spectrum of the 4d {N}=2 SCFT's H 1, H 2, D 4, E 6, E 7, E 8

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cecotti, Sergio; Del Zotto, Michele

    2013-06-01

    Extending results of 1112.3984, we show that all rank 1 {N}=2 SCFT's in the sequence H 1, H 2, D 4 E 6, E 7, E 8 have canonical finite BPS chambers containing precisely 2 h(F) = 12(∆ - 1) hypermultiplets. The BPS spectrum of the canonical BPS chambers saturates the conformal central charge c, and satisfies some intriguing numerology.

  10. Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy for biomedical application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Changli; Zhang Xiaonong; Cao Peng

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → A new β metastable titanium alloy with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr has been developed. → The elastic modulus of the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy is as low as 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. → The Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy has moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V, which showing better mechanical biocompatibility. → The corrosion resistance is much higher than that of Ti-6Al-4V in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). - Abstract: We have fabricated a new β metastable titanium alloy that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr. Ingot with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr is prepared by melting pure metals in a vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace. The alloy is then homogenized and solution treated under different temperature. The alloy is characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and found to have an acicular martensitic α'' + β structure and dominant β phase for the 1053 K and 1133 K solution treatment samples, respectively. The elastic modulus of the latter is about 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, it had moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show better mechanical biocompatibility of this alloy, which will avoid stress shielding and thus prevent bone resorption in orthopedic implants applications. As long-term stability in biological environment is required, we have also evaluated the electrochemical behavior in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). Potentiodynamic polarization curves exhibits that the 1133 K solution treatment Ti-12Mo-5Zr sample has better corrosion properties than Ti-6Al-4V and is comparable to the pure titanium. The good corrosion resistance combined with better mechanical biocompatibility makes the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy suitable for use as orthopedic implants.

  11. Nuclear Effects Analysis D1-S-1800 Aerial Radiac System AN/ADR-6(XE-4) (V).

    Science.gov (United States)

    1972-12-21

    1 ,r-4»-!4.. l.F-4,l<»..l .«14. TAP |. FT = 0.n.c;,OF-A.n.c.oiF-nft . 1 . OF 8 « 7 . 4<^P-* , 1 . OF« . 7 . SF-6 • 0 * 1 .F-2,0 TAPI[ F4...CffC49\\A|f r* if p- or < ( eft R <\\r\\r^f^OftCC~~ ’v.fvtvrv.fv — rv^. •* i i i i I i njjliflf. -ceo cccoccccc I I I I I I

  12. Proton irradiation studies on pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dutta Gupta, A. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata (India); Mukherjee, P., E-mail: paramita@vecc.gov.in [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata (India); Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharyya, P.; Bhattacharya, M. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata (India); Sarkar, Apu [Materials Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India); Sen, S. [Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (India); Mitra, M.K. [Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (India)

    2016-11-15

    Post irradiated microstructural characterisation of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V has been done as a function of dose using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. There is a systematic change of domain size for both the materials with dose but the microstrain within the domain remains almost unaltered. The domain size appears to be lower for pure Ti at all doses as compared to Ti-6Al-4V alloy. XRD peaks became highly asymmetric particularly at a dose of 5 × 10{sup 21} p/m{sup 2} for Ti-6Al-4V samples which is not observed for pure Ti at the same dose. This may be attributed to the segregation of alloying elements as a result of irradiation. Microhardness values increases with dose for pure Ti and then saturates at higher doses whereas microhardness values are found to decrease at higher doses for Ti-6Al-4V.

  13. Electric field enhancement of electron emission rates from Z1/2 centers in 4H-SiC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Evwaraye, A. O.; Smith, S. R.; Mitchel, W. C.; Farlow, G. C.

    2009-01-01

    Z 1/2 defect centers were produced by irradiating 4H-SiC bulk samples with 1 MeV electrons at room temperature. The emission rate dependence on the electric field in the depletion region was measured using deep level transient spectroscopy and double-correlation deep level transient spectroscopy. It is found that the Z 1/2 defect level shows a strong electric field dependence with activation energy decreasing from E c -0.72 eV at zero field to E c -0.47 eV at 6.91x10 5 V/cm. The phonon assisted tunneling model of Karpus and Perel [Sov. Phys. JETP 64, 1376 (1986)] completely describes the experimental data. This model describes the dependence of the emission rate on electric field F as e n (F)=e no exp(F 2 /F c 2 ), where F c is the characteristic field that depends on the phonon assisted tunneling time τ 2 . The values of F c and τ 2 were determined and the analysis of the data leads to the suggestion that Z 1/2 may be a substitutional point defect.

  14. Effects of combined plasma chromizing and shot peening on the fatigue properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Shouming; Liu, Daoxin; Zhang, Xiaohua; Du, Dongxing

    2015-10-01

    A plasma chromizing treatment was conducted on Ti6Al4V samples by employing the recently developed double glow plasma surface alloying technology. The Cr-alloyed layer consisted of four sub-layers, namely the Cr deposition, Cr2Ti, CrTi4, and Cr-Ti solid-solution layers. The local hardness and moduli were determined via nanoindentation. In addition, the fatigue properties of the samples were evaluated by using a rotating-bending fatigue machine under a given load. The results showed that the hardness or elastic moduli of the adjacent sub-layers differed significantly and the fatigue properties of the Ti6Al4V alloy deteriorated with the plasma chromizing treatment. This deterioration stemmed mainly from cracks initiated at the interfaces between the sub-layers and the microstructural changes of the substrate; these changes were induced by the high temperature used in the plasma chromizing process. However, the fatigue life of the plasma-chromized samples was increased by a shot peening post-treatment. The fatigue life of the samples resulting from this combination of treatments was slightly higher than that of the single-shot-peened Ti6Al4V substrate. In fact, the sample retaining only the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer (that is, the first three sub-layers were removed), when shot-peened, exhibited the highest fatigue life among all the tested samples; this was attributed to that sample having the highest residual compressive stress, the significant work hardening, and the good hardness to toughness balance.

  15. PtNi Alloy Cocatalyst Modification of Eosin Y-Sensitized g-C3N4/GO Hybrid for Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Peng; Zong, Lanlan; Guan, Zhongjie; Li, Qiuye; Yang, Jianjun

    2018-02-01

    An economic and effective Pt-based alloy cocatalyst has attracted considerable attention due to their excellent catalytic activity and reducing Pt usage. In this study, PtNi alloy cocatalyst was successfully decorated on the g-C3N4/GO hybrid photocatalyst via a facile chemical reduction method. The Eosin Y-sensitized g-C3N4/PtNi/GO-0.5% composite photocatalyst yields about 1.54 and 1178 times higher hydrogen evolution rate than the Eosin Y-sensitized g-C3N4/Pt/GO-0.5% and g-C3N4/Ni/GO-0.5% samples, respectively. Mechanism of enhanced performance for the g-C3N4/PtNi/GO composite was also investigated by different characterization, such as photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, and TEM. These results indicated that enhanced charge separation efficiency and more reactive sites are responsible for the improved hydrogen evolution performance due to the positive synergetic effect between Pt and Ni. This study suggests that PtNi alloy can be used as an economic and effective cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

  16. Effects of Mn addition on microstructure and hardness of Al-12.6Si alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biswas, Prosanta; Patra, Surajit; Mondal, Manas Kumar

    2018-03-01

    In this work, eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy with and without manganese (Mn) have been developed through gravity casting route. The effect of Mn concentration (0.0 wt.%, 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 3 wt%) on microstructural morphology and hardness property of the alloy has been investigated. The eutectic Al-12.6 Si alloy exhibits the presence of combine plate, needle and rod-like eutectic silicon phase with very sharp corners and coarser primary silicon particles within the α-Al phase. In addition of 1wt.% of Mn in the eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy, sharp corners of the primary Si and needle-like eutectic Si are became blunt and particles size is reduced. Further, increase in Mn concentration (2.0 wt.%) in the Al-12.6Si alloy, irregular plate shape Al6(Mn,Fe) intermetallics are formed inside the α-Al phase, but the primary and eutectic phase morphology is similar to the eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy. The volume fraction of Al6(Mn,Fe) increases and Al6(Mn,Fe) particles appear as like chain structure in the alloy with 3 wt.% Mn. An increase in Mn concentration in the Al-12.6Si alloys result in the increase in bulk hardness of the alloy as an effects of microstructure modification as well as the presence of harder Al6(Mn,Fe) phase in the developed alloy.

  17. Effect of microstructure and cutting speed on machining behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Telrandhe, Sagar V.; Mishra, Sushil; Saxena, Ashish K. [Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai (India)

    2017-05-15

    Machining of aerospace and biomedical grade titanium alloys has always been a challenge because of their low conductivity and elastic modulus. Different machining methods and parameters have been adopted for high precision machining of titanium alloys. Machining of titanium alloys can be improved by microstructure optimization. The present study focuses on the effect of microstructure on ma- chinability of Ti6Al4V alloys at different cutting speeds. Samples were subjected to different annealing conditions resulting in different grain sizes and local micro-strains (misorientation). Cutting forces were significantly reduced after annealing; consequently, sub-surface residual stresses were reduced. Deformation twinning was also observed on samples annealed at a higher temperature due to larger grain size. Initial strain free grains and deformation twinning during machining reduces the cutting force at higher cutting speed.

  18. Oral immunization with F4 fimbriae and CpG formulated with carboxymethyl starch enhances F4-specific mucosal immune response and modulates Th1 and Th2 cytokines in weaned pigs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delisle, Benjamin; Calinescu, Carmen; Mateescu, Mircea Alexandru; Fairbrother, John Morris; Nadeau, Éric

    2012-01-01

    F4 fimbriae are a potential candidate for an oral subunit vaccine for prevention of post-weaning diarrhea in swine due to infection with F4-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. However, large quantities of F4 fimbriae are required to induce a specific antibody response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of F4 fimbriae with Cytosine-phosphate-Guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-A D19) or with complete cholera toxin (CT) as adjuvants on the F4-specific antibody response and cytokine production in weaned pigs following oral administration of F4 fimbrial antigen formulated with Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS). Oral dosage forms of F4 fimbriae alone or supplemented with CpG-A D19 or with CT were formulated with CMS as monolithic tablets, obtained by direct compression, and administered to weaned pigs. Blood and faecal samples were collected to determine the systemic and mucosal immune status of animals at various times until necropsy. During necropsy, contents of the jejunum and ileum were collected for determination of mucosal F4 specific antibodies. Segments of jejunum and ileum were also used to measure mRNA cytokine production. The presence of CpG in the formulation of the fimbriae significantly increased F4-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) IgM and IgG levels in intestinal secretions, and enhanced Th1 (Interferon-gamma / IFN-γ, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha / TNF-α, Interleukin-12p40 / IL-12p40, IL-1β) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6) cytokine production in intestinal tissues. Supplementation with CT did not result in induction of F4-specific antibodies in secretions, although a significant Th1 response (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-18) was detected in tissues. Neither F4-specific systemic antibodies, nor intestinally secreted IgA were detected throughout the immunization trial for all groups. CpG-A D19 appeared to be a promising adjuvant for an oral F4 subunit vaccine formulated with CMS excipient as monolithic tablets. This matrix afforded gastro

  19. Antimicrobial Activity of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Ti-6Al-4V Metal Oxide

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reger, Nina A.; Meng, Wilson S.; Gawalt, Ellen S.

    2017-01-01

    Titanium and titanium alloy materials are commonly used in joint replacements, due to the high strength of the materials. Pathogenic microorganisms can easily adhere to the surface of the metal implant, leading to an increased potential for implant failure. The surface of a titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) metal oxide implant material was functionalized to deliver an small antibacterial molecule, nitric oxide. S-nitroso-penicillamine, a S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide donor, was covalently immobilized on the metal oxide surface using self-assembled monolayers. Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the attachment of the S-nitrosothiol donor to the Ti-Al-4V surface. Attachment of S-nitroso-penicillamine resulted in a nitric oxide (NO) release of 89.6 ± 4.8 nmol/cm2 under physiological conditions. This low concentration of nitric oxide reduced Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis growth by 41.5 ± 1.2% and 25.3 ± 0.6%, respectively. Combining the S-nitrosothiol releasing Ti-6Al-4V with tetracycline, a commonly-prescribed antibiotic, increased the effectiveness of the antibiotic by 35.4 ± 1.3%, which allows for lower doses of antibiotics to be used. A synergistic effect of ampicillin with S-nitroso-penicillamine-modified Ti-6Al-4V against S. epidermidis was not observed. The functionalized Ti-6Al-4V surface was not cytotoxic to mouse fibroblasts. PMID:28635681

  20. N-(4-Fluorophenyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-amine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gottimukkala Rambabu

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available In the title compound, C12H16FNO2, the dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation with the methyl substituents and the C—N bond in equatorial orientations. Its mean plane subtends a dihedral angle of 40.17 (6° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, weak N—H...F hydrogen bonds link the molecules into C(7 chains propagating in [100].

  1. Coarsening of (Fe, Cr)23C6 carbide phase on the tempering of 14Kh17N2 chromium-nickel steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Psarev, V.I.

    2002-01-01

    Paper lists the results of computer analysis of distribution according to sizes (Fe, Cr) 23 C 6 microparticles resulting from 14Kh17N2 steel tempering under 700 Deg C. Data were obtained at the maximum beneficial magnification of a light microscope. The mentioned curves of distribution densities are characterized by more reliable run from most permissible sizes of dispersed particles. Application of general rules of distributions and of previously elaborated procedure to identify experimental histograms with theoretical distributions enables to derive valuable information on dynamics of coarsening of a disperse phase in this case, as well [ru

  2. Frequency Dependent Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Au/P3HT:PCBM:F4-TCNQ/n-Si Schottky Barrier Diode

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taşçıoğlu, İ.; Tüzün Özmen, Ö.; Şağban, H. M.; Yağlıoğlu, E.; Altındal, Ş.

    2017-04-01

    In this study, poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester: 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (P3HT:PCBM:F4-TCNQ) organic film was deposited on n-type silicon (n-Si) substrate by spin coating method. The electrical and dielectric analysis of Au/P3HT:PCBM:F4-TCNQ/n-Si Schottky barrier diode was conducted by means of capacitance-voltage ( C- V) and conductance-voltage ( G/ ω- V) measurements in the frequency range of 10 kHz-2 MHz. The C- V- f plots exhibit fairly large frequency dispersion due to excess capacitance caused by the presence of interface states ( N ss). The values of N ss located in semiconductor bandgap at the organic film/semiconductor interface were calculated by Hill-Coleman method. Experimental results show that dielectric constant ( ɛ') and dielectric loss ( ɛ″) decrease with increasing frequency, whereas loss tangent (tan δ) remains nearly the same. The decrease in ɛ' and ɛ″ was interpreted by the theory of dielectric relaxation due to interfacial polarization. It is also observed that ac electrical conductivity ( σ ac) and electric modulus ( M' and M″) increase with increasing frequency.

  3. Effect of bimodal grain size distribution on fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with harmonic structure under four-point bending

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kikuchi, Shoichi, E-mail: kikuchi@mech.kobe-u.ac.jp [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 (Japan); Hayami, Yosuke; Ishiguri, Takayuki [Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 (Japan); Guennec, Benjamin; Ueno, Akira; Ota, Mie; Ameyama, Kei [Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 (Japan)

    2017-02-27

    Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with a bimodal harmonic structure, which is defined as a coarse-grained structure surrounded by a network structure of fine grains, was fabricated using powder metallurgy to improve both the strength and ductility. The microstructure of the sintered compacts was characterized using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The areal fraction of the fine-grained structure in the harmonic structure tended to increase with the milling time. Tensile tests and four-point bending fatigue tests at a stress ratio of 0.1 were performed in air at room temperature. The tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress and fatigue limit of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with harmonic structure tended to increase as the areal fraction of the fine-grained structure increased. In contrast, elongation decreased due to the formation of a high areal fraction of the fine-grained structure (79.0%), which resulted in a reduction of the fatigue life with a low cycle regime. Thus, titanium alloy with high strength, ductility and fatigue resistance can be formed by optimization of the milling conditions. Furthermore, the mechanism for fatigue fracture of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a harmonic structure is discussed with respect to fractography and crystallography. A fatigue crack was initiated from the α-facet of the coarse-grained structure in the harmonic structure.

  4. Evaluation of cross sections for 197Au(n,3n) and 197Au(n,4n) reactions from threshold to 50 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu Baosheng; Shen Qingbiao; Cai Dunjiu

    1994-01-01

    The measured data of cross sections for 197 Au(n,3n) and 197 Au(n,4n) reactions were collected and analysed. The theoretical calculations of above mentioned reactions were carried out to predict the data in higher energy region. The sets of cross sections for 197 Au(n,3n) and 197 Au(n,4n) reactions from threshold to 50 MeV were recommended on the basis of the experimental and calculated data. (2 figs)

  5. High precision measurements of hyperfine structure in Tm II, N2+ and Sc II

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mansour, N.B.; Dinneen, T.P.; Young, L.

    1988-01-01

    We have applied the technique of collinear fast-ion-beam laser spectroscopy to measure the hyperfine structure (hfs) in Sc II, Tm II and N 2 + . Laser induced fluorescence was observed from a 50 keV ion beam which was superimposed with the output of an actively stabilized ring dye laser (rms bandwidth 2 and the excited 3d4p configuration of Sc II and in the 4f 13 6s and 4f 13 5d configurations of the Tm II. The fine and hyperfine structure of N 2 + has been observed in the (0,1) and (1,2) band of B 2 Σ/sub u/ + /minus/X 2 Σ/sub g/ + system. Higher resolution measurements of the metastable 3d 2 configuration in Sc II were also made by laser-rf double resonance. The experimental results will be compared with those obtained by multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock ab-initio calculations. 15 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs

  6. Crystal structure of an unknown solvate of bis(tetra-n-butylammonium [N,N′-(4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-phenylenebis(oxamato-κ4O,N,N′,O′]nickelate(II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    François Eya'ane Meva

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In the title compound, [N(C4H94]2[Ni(C11H3F3N2O6] or [N(n-Bu4]2[Ni(topbo] [n-Bu = n-butyl and topbo = 4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-phenylenebis(oxamate], the Ni2+ cation is coordinated by two deprotonated amido N atoms and two carboxylate O atoms, setting up a slightly distorted square-planar coordination environment. The [Ni(topbo]2− anion lies on a twofold rotation axis. Due to an incompatibility with the point-group symmetry of the complete molecule, orientational disorder of the CF3 group is observed. The tetrahedral ammonium cations and the anion are linked by weak intermolecular C—H...O and C—H...F hydrogen-bonding interactions into a three-dimensional network. A region of electron density was treated with the SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON [Spek (2015. Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] following unsuccessful attempts to model it as plausible solvent molecule(s. The given chemical formula and other crystal data do not take into account the unknown solvent molecule.

  7. Ion conductivities of ZrF4-BaF2-CsF glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawamoto, Yoji; Nohara, Ichiro

    1987-01-01

    The glass-forming region in the ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -CsF glass system has been determined and the ac conductivity and the transport number of fluoride ions have been measured. The conductivities of compounds β-Cs 2 ZrF 6 , α-SrZrF 6 , α-BaZrF 6 , β-BaZrF 6 and α-PbZrF 6 have also been measured. These results and a previous study of ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -MF n (M: the groups I-IV metals) glasses revealed the following: (1) the ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -CsF glasses are exclusively fluoride-ion conductors; (2) the ionic conductivities of ZrF 4 -based glasses are predominantly determined by the activation energies for conduction; (3) the activation energy for conduction decreases with an increase in the average polarizability of glass-constituting cations; (4) a decrease in average Zr-F bond length and a lowering of the average F coordination number of Zr are presumed to increase the activation energy for conduction. Principles of developing ZrF 4 -based glasses with higher conductivities have also been proposed. (Auth.)

  8. Specific electrical conductivity in molten potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 - An electrolyte for water electrolysis at ∼300°C

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nikiforov, Aleksey Valerievich; Berg, Rolf W.; Petrushina, Irina

    2016-01-01

    The conductivity of pure molten KH2PO4 salt and four mixtures with more or less water (KH2PO4-H2O and KH2PO4-KPO3 systems, respectively) were measured at temperatures of 240-320°C and under their own water vapor pressures. Molten KH2PO4 has been proven to be a promising electrolyte for an elevated...

  9. Synthesis of [{sup 18}F]NNC 12-0817 and [{sup 18}F]NNC 12-0818; two potential radioligands for the dopamine transporter

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mueller, Lars; Foged, Christian; Hohlweg, Rolf [Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev (Denmark). Pharmaceuticals Div.; Halldin, Christer [Karolinska Inst., Stockholm (Sweden). Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience

    1995-05-01

    The preparation of no-carrier-added {sup 18}F labelled NNC 12-0817 (1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-[4-oxo-4-(2-thienyl)bu tyl]piperazine) and NNC 12-0818 (1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-[4-hydroxy-4-(2-thienyl )butyl] piperazine) is described. NNC 12-0818 is the designation of the racemic mixture of two enantiomers. Fluorine-18 is introduced into 4-[{sup 18}F]fluoro-4`-fluorobenzophenone from the corresponding triflate salt by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. A no-carrier-added synthesis was performed in 6 steps starting from N,N-dimethylaniline and 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride giving [{sup 18}F]NNC 12-0817 and [{sup 18}F]NNC 12-0818 in good yields and a radiochemical purity after HPLC-purification higher than 99%. (author).

  10. Human Health Exposure Assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal Study Area Evaluations. Volume 6-G. South Plants Study Area Exposure Assessment. Version 4.1

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-09-01

    2 910 i~ (P32 4-5 Ahkm 03 CLOAN 20 04c6.~n 2 .Y .4DCPO 40 (VID) 03201 a- 4~n.Cd 147 24 ~- -Pb 58 I53 Ak66at 0.4 Zn 540 *CHPO 03 DCPV I 15 i. 0 oCPD o...9CHP oo 04 (V0) As 02 DCPD 10 (Vol "H1 21 OCPO 60+(SVO) 4-5 CHO50V)As 1100004 OCPD 4000 1 (VW 900 DCCPO 3000 (SVO) 9-10 4 (VO Cd 31 OCPD 300 +(V0) Z"r...76 OCPD 60 + (S VO) As I1100 Cd 14 Ng 160 As 31 9-10 BCHPD 600 (VOl No_ 6 9 OCPO 2010 (Vol 115-12.5 BCHPD 2 (vO) DCPO 900 + (SVO) Cd 1 3 Cd 2.5 Zn 61

  11. PHASE CONSTITUENTS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ti3Al/Fe3Al + TiN/TiB2 COMPOSITE COATING ON TITANIUM ALLOY

    OpenAIRE

    JIANING LI; CHUANZHONG CHEN; CUIFANG ZHANG

    2011-01-01

    Laser cladding of the Fe3Al + B4C/TiN + Al2O3 pre-placed powders on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti3Al/Fe3Al + TiN/TiB2 composite coating, which improved the wear resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface. In this study, the Ti3Al/Fe3Al + TiN/TiB2 composite coating has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. It was found that during the laser cladding process, Al2O3 can react with TiB2, leading to the formations of Ti3Al and B. This principle can be...

  12. The effect of thermal treatment on corrosion properties of 0Kh15N16M3B stainless steel tested in the N2O4 boiling medium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kamenev, A.Ya.; Kopets, Z.V.; Mel'nikova, N.N.; Dergaj, A.M.; Fedyushin, E.E.

    1985-01-01

    The experimental data on the effect of thermal treatment on corrosion properties of stainless steel 00Kh16n15m3b tested in the N 2 O 4 boiling medium at 8.0 MPa and 433 K are presented. The electron microscope data on steel microstructure after different heat treatments and phase composition of oxide films emerging at corrosion test are given. It is shown, that the rise of the heat treatment temperature from 823 up to 1023 K increases total corrosion of 00Kh16n15m3b steel under given test conditions and practically does't affect intercrystalline corrosion. Developed oxide layers are of deposited nature and doesn't affect markedly the rate of progress of the corrosive processes. Taking into account high chromium volatility in vacuum one can assume that at the initial stages of the coolant effect, the process of depletion of steel surface by chromium durng heat treatment affects markedly steel corrosion stability

  13. The effect of thermoplastic treatment regimes on the microplastic strain of nitrogen-containing steel Kh21G10N7MBF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bannykh, O.A.; Blinov, V.M.; Kostina, M.V.; Grachev, S.V.; Mal'tseva, L.A.

    2005-01-01

    A study is made into the influence of a percentage reduction during cold rolling and subsequent holdings at heat on development of microplastic deformation when bending sheet specimens of stainless austenitic high-nitrogen steel Kh21G10N7MBF. It is revealed that a maximum value of apparent limit of elasticity (∼1800 MPa) is attained due to plastic deformation by rolling at 20 Deg C with a total percentage reduction of 60 % and subsequent aging at 500 Deg C for 1-4 h [ru

  14. The effects of low fugacity hydrogen in duplex- and beta-annealed Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tal-Gutelmacher, E.; Eliezer, D.; Eylon, D.

    2004-01-01

    Due to its excellent combination of a high strength/weight ratio and good corrosion behavior, Ti-6Al-4V alloys are ranked among the most important advanced materials for a variety of aerospace, chemical engineering, biomaterials, marine and commercial applications. However, in many of these technological applications, this alloy is exposed to environments which can act as sources of hydrogen, and severe problems may arise based on its susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Even small hydrogen concentrations might lead to failure. Consequently, a comprehensive knowledge of hydrogen-trapping interactions is necessary to better understand the trapping mechanisms, the types of the trap sites, the trapped hydrogen content, in order to determine the safe service conditions of this alloy in the aerospace industry. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of microstructure on hydrogen absorption/desorption behavior in Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with specific emphasis on the nature of the interaction between microstructural traps and hydrogen atoms. The effect of low fugacity hydrogen on the microstructure is studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), while the absorption and desorption characteristics are determined by means of a hydrogen determinator and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), respectively. The role of microstructure on hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior is discussed in detail

  15. Investigation of the HA film deposited on the porous Ti6Al4V alloy prepared via additive manufacturing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Surmeneva, M; Chudinova, E; Syrtanov, M; Surmenev, R; Koptioug, A

    2015-01-01

    This study is focused on the use of radio frequency magnetron sputtering to modify the surface of porous Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated via additive manufacturing technology. The hydroxyapatite (HA) coated porous Ti6Al4V alloy was studied in respect with its chemical and phase composition, surface morphology, water contact angle and hysteresis, and surface free energy. Thin nanocrystalline HA film was deposited while its structure with diamond-shaped cells remained unchanged. Hysteresis and water contact angle measurements revealed an effect of the deposited HA films, namely an increased water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. The increase of the contact angle of the coating-substrate system compared to the uncoated substrate was attributed to the multiscale structure of the resulted surfaces. (paper)

  16. Measurement of (n,2n) cross-sections for Sc, Mn, Cr and In between 12 and 19 MeV with activation technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iwasaki, S.; Win, Than; Matsuyama, S. [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Odano, N.

    1997-03-01

    Activation cross-sections for scandium, manganese, chromium and indium have been measured in the neutron energies from 12 to 19 MeV. Source neutrons were produced via the T(d,n){sup 4}He reaction by bombarding a 3.2-MeV deuteron beam from the Dynamitron accelerator of Fast Neutron Laboratory at Tohoku University. Ten packages of high or ultra-high purity metal foils for chromium and indium, alloy foils for manganese, and oxide powder for scandium were set around the neutron source at 5 cm from the target in the angular range from 0 to 140 deg covering the incident neutron energies from 19 to 12 MeV at the center position of each package. Activation rates of the samples were obtained by the gamma-ray measurements using a high purity germanium detector. Neutron flux at each sample was determined using the activation rates of two niobium foils locating both sides of that sample; the reference reaction was {sup 93}Nb(n,2n){sup 92m}Nb of which cross-section data was taken from the 1991 NEANDC/INDC standard files. The source neutrons distributions have been measured in detail by the time-of-flight technique. The measured cross-sections are the following important dosimetry or activation reactions: {sup 45}Sc(n,2n){sup 44m}Sc, {sup 55}Mn(n,2n){sup 54}Mn, {sup 52}Cr(n,2n){sup 51}Cr, and {sup 115}In(n,2n){sup 114m}In. These cross-sections are compared with available activation file, dosimetry files and previous experimental data. (author)

  17. Blistering in alloy Ti–6Al–4V from H + ion implantation

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    6Al–4V, was studied, following H+ ion implantation of 150 keV and 250 keV energy to fluence of 2.6 × 1018 cm-2 and 2.5 × 1019 cm-2, respectively at ambient temperature. No detectable change was observed in surface features of either of the ...

  18. N,N-Diethylanilinium 2,4-dioxo-5-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-olate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manickam Buvaneswari

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available In the crystal structure of the title molecular salt, C10H16N+·C10H4N5O9−, the components are linked through a N—H...O hydrogen bonds. R22(8 ring motifs are formed between inversion-related barbiturate residues. Two intramoleculer N—H...O hydrogen bonds are observed in the anion. The dihedral angle between 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl and barbiturate rings is 53.6 (2°. The N,N-diethylamine substituent is disordered and was modeled as two geometrically equivalent conformers with occupancies of 0.737 (2 and 0.273 (2.

  19. The 4s- and 4p- XPS spectra of Xe, XeF2 and XeF4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohno, Masahide

    2003-01-01

    The 4s- and 4p- XPS spectra of Xe gas, XeF 2 molecule and XeF 4 molecule are calculated by an ab-initio atomic many-body theory. The 4s-peak and the prominent '4p'-peak are predicted well by the present theory. In XeF 2 and XeF 4 the spectral lines observed below the 4d-double ionization threshold are the 4d -2 4f multiplet states strongly perturbed by the interaction with the initial 4p 1/2 -hole state. They are very similar to the spectral lines which emerge with an increase in atomic number (e.g. Ba)

  20. Brasagem da zircônia metalizada com titânio à liga Ti-6Al-4V Brazing of metalized zirconia with titanium to Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. S. Pimenta

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Zircônia tetragonal estabilizada com ítria foi mecanicamente metalizada com titânio e a condição de molhamento avaliada com as ligas convencionais Ag-28Cu e Au-18Ni. Estas dissolveram o revestimento de titânio para uma completa distribuição deste metal ativo na superfície cerâmica, gerando uma liga ativa in situ e possibilitando adequadas ligações químicas ao metal base na temperatura de união. Os melhores resultados de molhamento foram selecionados para brasagem indireta em forno de alto-vácuo nas juntas ZrO2/Ti-6Al-4V. Testes de detecção de vazamento de gás hélio foram realizados na interface de união das juntas; amostras removidas na seção transversal de juntas estanques foram examinadas por técnicas de análise microestrutural. Formou-se uma camada escura adjacente à cerâmica metalizada, responsável pelo molhamento ocasionado pela liga Ag-28Cu. Entretanto, o uso da liga Au-18Ni resultou em precipitação de intermetálicos e microtrincamento interfacial. Perfis de microdureza através da interface resultante até onde a zircônia mostrou típico escurecimento não indicaram alternância significativa entre medições consecutivas; os resultados dos ensaios de resistência mecânica à flexão-3p foram considerados satisfatórios.Yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal was mechanically metallized with titanium and the wetting behavior on the ceramic surface was analyzed using the conventional fillers Ag-28Cu and Au-18Ni. These alloys had dissolved the active metal coating, which acts to zirconia reduction on its surface and promoting suitable chemical bonding to the metallic member. Better wetting results were selected for indirect brazing in a high-vacuum furnace for ZrO2/Ti-6Al-4V simple butt joints. Helium gas leak detection was made at the joints interface; samples were removed from the tight joints cross-section and examined by microstructural analysis techniques and EDX analysis. There was formation of a dark

  1. Manipulation of the osteoblast response to a Ti 6Al 4V titanium alloy using a high power diode laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hao, L.; Lawrence, J.; Li, L.

    2005-07-01

    To improve the bone integration of titanium-based implants a high power diode laser (HPDL) was used to modify the material for improved osteoblast cell response. The surface properties of un-treated and HPDL treated samples were characterized. Contact angles for the un-treated and the HPDL modified titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were determined with selected biological liquids by the sessile drop technique. The analysis revealed that the wettability of the Ti-6Al-4V improved after HPDL laser treatment, indicating that better interaction with the biological liquids occurred. Moreover, an in vitro human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) evaluation revealed a more favourable cell response on the HPDL laser treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy than on either un-treated sample or a mechanically roughened sample. It was consequently determined that the HPDL provides more a controllable and effective technique to improve the biocompatibility of bio-metals.

  2. Radiative lifetime measurements of the singlet-G states of H2 and the 4p35p and 4d5D0 states of neutral oxygen atom

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Day, R.L.

    1981-01-01

    The present work reports measurements of the mean radiative lifetime for the G 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2,3) and l 1 II/sub g/ + (v' = 0) Rydberg states and the K 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2),M 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0) and N 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' - 1,2) doubly excited of the H 2 molecule. In particular, the resulting radiative transitions G 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2,3) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0,1,3,5,7), l 1 II/sub g/ + (v' = 0) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0), K 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0,1), M 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0) and N 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 1,2) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0,2) are observed using time-resolved techniques. Radiative lifetime measurements in the range approx. 21 to 70 ns are obtained at 50 eV incident electron energy and approx. 30 mtorr H 2 gas pressure. In addition, H 2 - H 2 * quenching rate data are obtained for several rovibronic levels of the singlet-g states over the pressure range approx. 10 to 400 mtorr. In addition, time-resolved techniques are also used to observe the 4p 5 P → 3s 5 S 0 , 4p 3 P → 3s 3 S 0 , and 4d 5 D 0 → 3p 3 P multiplet transitions of the Ol spectrum occurring at lambda = 3947 A, lambda = 4368 A, and lambda = 6157 A, respectively. The excited atomic states are produced through dissociative-excitation of O 2 target gas by a pulsed electron beam of approx. 0.5 and 2 μs pulse width and 100 eV incident energy. The mean radiative lifetimes of the 4p 5 P, 4p 3 P and 4d 5 D 0 multiplets are obtained from analysis of the resulting radiative decay over the pressure range approx. 20 - 100 mtorr, and are reported as 194 ns, 161 ns, and 95 ns, respectively. The corresponding collisional deactivation cross sections for the multiplets are also obtained from the lifetime versus pressure measurements and are reported as 3.2 x 10 - 15 cm 2 , 7.7 x 10 - 15 cm 2 , and 1.6 x 10 - 15 cm 2 , respectively

  3. Fast-Rate Capable Electrode Material with Higher Energy Density than LiFePO4: 4.2V LiVPO4F Synthesized by Scalable Single-Step Solid-State Reaction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Minkyung; Lee, Seongsu; Kang, Byoungwoo

    2016-03-01

    Use of compounds that contain fluorine (F) as electrode materials in lithium ion batteries has been considered, but synthesizing single-phase samples of these compounds is a difficult task. Here, it is demonstrated that a simple scalable single-step solid-state process with additional fluorine source can obtain highly pure LiVPO 4 F. The resulting material with submicron particles achieves very high rate capability ≈100 mAh g -1 at 60 C-rate (1-min discharge) and even at 200 C-rate (18 s discharge). It retains superior capacity, ≈120 mAh g -1 at 10 C charge/10 C discharge rate (6-min) for 500 cycles with >95% retention efficiency. Furthermore, LiVPO 4 F shows low polarization even at high rates leading to higher operating potential >3.45 V (≈3.6 V at 60 C-rate), so it achieves high energy density. It is demonstrated for the first time that highly pure LiVPO 4 F can achieve high power capability comparable to LiFePO 4 and much higher energy density (≈521 Wh g -1 at 20 C-rate) than LiFePO 4 even without nanostructured particles. LiVPO 4 F can be a real substitute of LiFePO 4.

  4. Surface modification of Ti-_6Al-_4V titanium alloy by combined ion-plasma treatment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cherenda, N.N.; Shimanskij, V.I.; Laskovnev, A.P.; Basalaj, A.V.; Astashinskij, V.M.; Kuz'mitskij, A.M.

    2015-01-01

    Investigation results of phase and elemental composition, microhardness and friction coefficient of Ti-_6Al-_4V alloy samples precoated by titanium subjected to compression plasma flows treatment have been presented in this work. It has been established that the combined effect of ion-plasma flows diminishes aluminum and vanadium concentration in the surface layer, leads to the growth of its microhardness and decrease of the friction coefficient. (authors)

  5. Joint properties of dissimilar Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy/Ti–6%Al–4%V titanium alloy by gas tungsten arc welding assisted hybrid friction stir welding

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bang, HanSur; Bang, HeeSeon; Song, HyunJong; Joo, SungMin

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • Hybrid friction stir welding for Al alloy and Ti alloy joint has been carried out. • Mechanical strength of dissimilar joint by HFSW and FSW has been compared. • Microstructure of dissimilar joint by HFSW and FSW has been compared. - Abstract: Hybrid friction stir butt welding of Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate to Ti–6%Al–4%V titanium alloy plate with satisfactory acceptable joint strength was successfully achieved using preceding gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) preheating heat source of the Ti alloy plate surface. Hybrid friction stir welding (HFSW) joints were welded completely without any unwelded zone resulting from smooth material flow by equally distributed temperature both in Al alloy side and Ti alloy side using GTAW assistance for preheating the Ti alloy plate unlike friction stir welding (FSW) joints. The ultimate tensile strength was approximately 91% in HFSW welds by that of the Al alloy base metal, which was 24% higher than that of FSW welds without GTAW under same welding condition. Notably, it was found that elongation in HFSW welds increased significantly compared with that of FSW welds, which resulted in improved joint strength. The ductile fracture was the main fracture mode in tensile test of HFSW welds

  6. 1.5-V-threshold-voltage Schottky barrier normally-off AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with f T/f max of 41/125 GHz

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hou, Bin; Ma, Xiaohua; Yang, Ling; Zhu, Jiejie; Zhu, Qing; Chen, Lixiang; Mi, Minhan; Zhang, Hengshuang; Zhang, Meng; Zhang, Peng; Zhou, Xiaowei; Hao, Yue

    2017-07-01

    In this paper, a normally-off AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) fabricated using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) CF4 plasma recessing and an implantation technique is reported. A gate-to-channel distance of ˜10 nm and an equivalent negative fluorine sheet charge density of -1.21 × 1013 cm-2 extracted using a simple threshold voltage (V th) analytical model result in a high V th of 1.5 V, a peak transconductance of 356 mS/mm, and a subthreshold slope of 133 mV/decade. A small degradation of channel mobility leads to a high RF performance with f T/f max of 41/125 GHz, resulting in a record high f T × L g product of 10.66 GHz·µm among Schottky barrier AlGaN/GaN normally-off HEMTs with V th exceeding 1 V, to the best of our knowledge.

  7. An Analysis on the Constitutive Models for Forging of Ti6Al4V Alloy Considering the Softening Behavior

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, Paul M.; Beladi, Hossein; Singh, Rajkumar P.; Hodgson, Peter D.; Rolfe, Bernard

    2018-05-01

    This paper developed high-temperature deformation constitutive models for a Ti6Al4V alloy using an empirical-based Arrhenius equation and an enhanced version of the authors' physical-based EM + Avrami equations. The initial microstructure was a partially equiaxed α + β grain structure. A wide range of experimental data was obtained from hot compression of the Ti6Al4 V alloy at deformation temperatures ranging from 720 to 970 °C, and at strain rates varying from 0.01 to 10 s-1. The friction- and adiabatic-corrected flow curves were used to identify the parameter values of the constitutive models. Both models provided good overall accuracy of the flow stress. The generalized modified Arrhenius model was better at predicting the flow stress at lower strain rates. However, the model was inaccurate in predicting the peak strain. In contrast, the enhanced physical-based EM + Avrami model revealed very good accuracy at intermediate and high strain rates, but it was also better at predicting the peak strain. Blind sample tests revealed that the EM + Avrami maintained good predictions on new (unseen) data. Thus, the enhanced EM + Avrami model may be preferred over the Arrhenius model to predict the flow behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy during industrial forgings, when the initial microstructure is partially equiaxed.

  8. Dry sliding wear behavior of laser clad TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings on Ti–6Al–4V substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Can; Zhang, Yongzhong; Vilar, Rui; Shen, Jianyun

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings were obtained on Ti–6Al–4V by laser cladding. ► (Ti,V) 5 Si 3 forms because the formation is accompanied of large variation on enthalpy. ► Wear resistance of Ti–6Al–4V is improved by laser cladding with TiVCrAlSi. ► The wear mechanism is investigated. -- Abstract: Approximately equimolar ratio TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings has been deposited by laser cladding on Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The analysis of the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the coating is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses show that TiVCrAlSi coating is composed of precipitates of (Ti,V) 5 Si 3 dispersed in a body-centered cubic (BCC) matrix. Intermetallic compound (Ti,V) 5 Si 3 forms because the formation is accompanied by larger variation on enthalpy, which may offset the entropy term. The dry sliding wear tests show that the wear resistance of Ti–6Al–4V is improved by laser cladding with TiVCrAlSi. The enhancement of the wear resistance is explained by the presence of the hard silicide phase dispersed in a relatively ductile BCC matrix, which allows sliding wear to occur in the mild oxidative regime for a wide range of testing conditions.

  9. Trapping {BW12}2 tungstoborate: synthesis and crystal structure of hybrid [{(H2BW12O42)2O}{Mo6O6S6(OH)4(H2O)2}]14- anion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Korenev, V S; Abramov, P A; Vicent, C; Mainichev, D A; Floquet, S; Cadot, E; Sokolov, M N; Fedin, V P

    2012-12-28

    Reaction between monolacunary {BW(11)} tungstoborate and oxothiocationic building block, {Mo(2)O(2)S(2)}, results in the formation of a new polyoxothiometalate with a unique architecture in which two [H(2)BW(12)O(43)](9-) tungstoborate subunits are linked together with a hexamolybdate [Mo(V)(6)O(6)S(6)(OH)(4)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) bridge.

  10. Corrosion Fatigue Characteristics of 12Cr Alloy Steel in Na2SO4 Solution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bae, D. H.; Cho, S. Y.

    In order to estimate reliability of 12Cr alloy steel using as the turbine blade material of the steam power plant, its corrosion fatigue characteristics in Na2SO4 solution considering its percentage and temperature that were determined from the polarization test results were investigated, and compared with the results in air. The corrosion characteristic of 12Cr alloy steel was remarkably susceptible in 12.7wt.% (IM) Na2SO4 solution, and its susceptibility increased with the solution temperature increase. The corrosion fatigue characteristics in 12.7wt.% Na2SO4 solution were similar to that of in air at 25°C. The crack growth rate was however increased with the temperature of solution increase. The reasons showing such results are due to the difference of the crack growth mechanism according to the electro-chemical activity of the corrosion factors.

  11. Characteristics of a symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton power supply of 50 Hz 1.2 MV/50 mA

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    He Zifeng; Zhang Jinling; Liu Yonghao; Zhang Yutian; Zhang Yin [Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 (China)

    2011-05-15

    A 1.2 MV/50 mA symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton (SCW) power supply of over 83% power efficiency, driven by 50 Hz frequency, was developed for an industrial electron beam irradiator. It is constructed by capacitors of 45 nF and 28.13 nF in the coupling column and capacitors of 18.75 nF in the smoothing column. Working status of the rectifier in high power output condition was analyzed, and the conduction angle of the rectifier was calculated. The power factor (PF) of the SCW circuit has been studied, and the equivalent condensance of the circuit has been derived. Measurements were done for the PF compensation. The surge impact during the short circuit transient process was considered in choosing the protection resistance. Test results showed that design specifications of the power supply were achieved, with the non-load voltage being up to 1.32 MV and the ratio of ripple voltage to output voltage as 9.4%.

  12. Fine structure of V2+ energy levels in CsCaF3:V2+

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Avram, C.N.; Brik, M.G.

    2004-01-01

    Theoretical investigations of the fine structure of the lasing 4 T 2g level in a CsCaF 3 :V 2+ crystal were carried out. The spin-orbit splitting of the 4 T 2g term in the static low crystal field was obtained from the Eisenstein matrices and using parameters (Dq, B, C, ζ SO ) appropriate for the 4 T 2g - 4 A 2g zero-phonon line. The 4 T 2g spinor splitting has been modeled by the second-order spin-orbit Hamiltonian. The effect of the dynamical Jahn-Teller interaction on the spin-orbit splitting of the 4 T 2g term was taken into account; the Jahn-Teller stabilization energy, ZPL splitting and the Huang-Rhys parameter for the e g normal mode were all evaluated

  13. Corrosion behavior of Ti and TI6Al4V in citrate buffers containing fluoride ions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anelise Marlene Schmidt

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available The effect of fluoride ions concentration on the electrochemical behavior of Ti grade 2 and Ti6Al4V in citrate buffers was studied. Open circuit potential (OCP measurements and voltammetric studies of the samples in the fluoride containing citrate buffers revealed a dissolution process when the pH falls below 5.0 and the NaF content is higher than 0.01 M. However, in citrate pH 7.6 the materials showed a passive behavior even in 0.1 M NaF. Some micrographs of Ti grade 2 obtained after longer immersion times in citrate pH 5.0 with 0.01 M NaF showed a surface attack. EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Sprectroscopy data obtained at the OCP revealed that the film resistance decreases when the immersion time is increased in pH 5.0 containing 0.1 M NaF. In the citrate pH 7.6 the EIS data indicated a two-layer model of an oxide film consisting of a more compact inner layer and a porous outer layer. On the other hand, the EIS results in citrate pH 4.0 change significantly when the fluoride ions concentration increases from 0.01 to 0.05 M. The electrochemical data revealed that the corrosion behavior of Ti grade 2 and Ti6Al4V in the citrate buffers depends on the pH, the fluoride content and the exposure time.

  14. Biocompatibility and Corrosion Protection Behaviour of Hydroxyapatite Sol-Gel-Derived Coatings on Ti6Al4V Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    El Hadad, Amir A.; Peón, Eduardo; García-Galván, Federico R.; Barranco, Violeta; Parra, Juan; Jiménez-Morales, Antonia; Galván, Juan Carlos

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this work was to prepare hydroxyapatite coatings (HAp) by a sol-gel method on Ti6Al4V alloy and to study the bioactivity, biocompatibility and corrosion protection behaviour of these coatings in presence of simulated body fluids (SBFs). Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analyses (TG/DTA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) have been applied to obtain information about the phase transformations, mass loss, identification of the phases developed, crystallite size and degree of crystallinity of the obtained HAp powders. Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been utilized for studying the functional groups of the prepared structures. The surface morphology of the resulting HAp coatings was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The bioactivity was evaluated by soaking the HAp-coatings/Ti6Al4V system in Kokubo’s Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) applying Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Alamar blue cell viability assays were used to study the biocompatibility. Finally, the corrosion behaviour of HAp-coatings/Ti6Al4V system was researched by means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained results showed that the prepared powders were nanocrystalline HAp with little deviations from that present in the human bone. All the prepared HAp coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V showed well-behaved biocompatibility, good bioactivity and corrosion protection properties. PMID:28772455

  15. Biocompatibility and Corrosion Protection Behaviour of Hydroxyapatite Sol-Gel-Derived Coatings on Ti6Al4V Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amir A. El Hadad

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to prepare hydroxyapatite coatings (HAp by a sol-gel method on Ti6Al4V alloy and to study the bioactivity, biocompatibility and corrosion protection behaviour of these coatings in presence of simulated body fluids (SBFs. Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analyses (TG/DTA and X-ray Diffraction (XRD have been applied to obtain information about the phase transformations, mass loss, identification of the phases developed, crystallite size and degree of crystallinity of the obtained HAp powders. Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR has been utilized for studying the functional groups of the prepared structures. The surface morphology of the resulting HAp coatings was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. The bioactivity was evaluated by soaking the HAp-coatings/Ti6Al4V system in Kokubo’s Simulated Body Fluid (SBF applying Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP spectrometry. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT and Alamar blue cell viability assays were used to study the biocompatibility. Finally, the corrosion behaviour of HAp-coatings/Ti6Al4V system was researched by means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS. The obtained results showed that the prepared powders were nanocrystalline HAp with little deviations from that present in the human bone. All the prepared HAp coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V showed well-behaved biocompatibility, good bioactivity and corrosion protection properties.

  16. Microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed HA/YSZ/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khor, K A; Gu, Y W; Pan, D; Cheang, P

    2004-08-01

    Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on titanium alloy substrate have been used extensively due to their excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, the erratic bond strength between HA and Ti alloy has raised concern over the long-term reliability of the implant. In this paper, HA/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings that possess superior mechanical properties to conventional plasma sprayed HA coatings were developed. Ti-6Al-4V powders coated with fine YSZ and HA particles were prepared through a unique ceramic slurry mixing method. The so-formed composite powder was employed as feedstock for plasma spraying of the HA/YSZ/Ti-6Al-4V coatings. The influence of net plasma energy, plasma spray standoff distance, and post-spray heat treatment on microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that coatings prepared with the optimum plasma sprayed condition showed a well-defined splat structure. HA/YSZ/Ti-6Al-4V solid solution was formed during plasma spraying which was beneficial for the improvement of mechanical properties. There was no evidence of Ti oxidation from the successful processing of YSZ and HA coated Ti-6Al-4V composite powders. Small amount of CaO apart from HA, ZrO(2) and Ti was present in the composite coatings. The microhardness, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, and bond strength increased significantly with the addition of YSZ. Post-spray heat treatment at 600 degrees C and 700 degrees C for up to 12h was found to further improve the mechanical properties of coatings. After the post-spray heat treatment, 17.6% increment in Young's modulus (E) and 16.3% increment in Vicker's hardness were achieved. The strengthening mechanisms of HA/YSZ/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings were related to the dispersion strengthening by homogeneous distribution of YSZ particles in the matrix, the good mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V and the formation of solid solution among HA

  17. Energy of nuclear-active particles in the 1-50 TeV energy range

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kotlyarevskij, D.M.; Garsevanishvili, L.P.; Morozov, I.V.

    1979-01-01

    The ''TsKhRA-TsKARO'' installation designed for the investigation of cosmic beams interaction with nuclei in the energy range of 1-50 TeV is described. The installation comprises a magnetic spark spectrometer, photography system, ionization calorimeter and scintillating trigger device. The ionization calorimeter contains 12 rows of ionization chambers interlayed with 4 lead and 8 iron absorbers. The rows of ionization chambers of the calorimeter upper half are placed in the mutually-perpendicular direction to restore the direction and spatial situation of the electron-nuclear cascade. All in all the ionization calorimeter contains 100 channels of preintensifiers from which the information is transmitted to the terminal intensifiers and then to the storage cells. The aperture ratio of the whole installation (taking account of the upper chambers) is 0.5 m 2 /steradian, and the aperture ratio of the calorimeter together with the lower chambers is approximately 2 m 2 /steradian. Presented are integral spectra of the hadrons at the height of mountains and at the height of 2500 m above sea level obtained with the help of the installation described. Comparison of the number of charged and neutral particles recorded with the ''TsKhRA-TsKARO'' installation agrees well with the known ratio of charged and neutral cosmic hadrons on the heights of mountains n/c = 0.52+-0.05

  18. Effects of boron on the fracture behavior and ductility of cast Ti–6Al–4V alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luan, J.H.; Jiao, Z.B.; Heatherly, L.; George, E.P.; Chen, G.; Liu, C.T.

    2015-01-01

    Minor amounts of boron additions have been found to greatly enhance the ductility of cast Ti–6Al–4V alloys, which was considered to be due to the grain-size refinement. In this paper, we report our interesting finding that the beneficial effect of boron on the ductility of the cast titanium alloys is due not only to the grain-size refinement but the enhancement of the prior-β grain-boundary cohesion by boron segregation at the grain boundaries, as evidenced by Auger electron microscopy

  19. Corrosion resistance characteristics of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy scaffold that is fabricated by electron beam melting and selective laser melting for implantation in vivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao, Bingjing; Wang, Hong [Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing (China); Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Liaoning Medical University (China); Qiao, Ning [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing (China); Wang, Chao [School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Hu, Min, E-mail: humin48@vip.163.com [Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing (China)

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated with electron beam melting and selective laser melting for implantation in vivo. Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens were fabricated with electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). A wrought form of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was used as a control. Surface morphology observation, component analysis, corrosion resistance experimental results, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, crevice corrosion resistance experimental results, immersion test and metal ions precipitation analysis were processed, respectively. The thermal stability of EBM specimen was the worst, based on the result of open circuit potential (OCP) result. The result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the corrosion resistance of the SLM specimen was the best under the low electric potential. The result of potentiodynamic polarization suggested that the corrosion resistance of the SLM specimen was the best under the low electric potential (< 1.5 V) and EBM specimen was the best under the high electric potential (> 1.5 V).The crevice corrosion resistance of the EBM specimen was the best. The corrosion resistance of SLM specimen was the best, based on the result of immersion test. The content of Ti, Al and V ions of EBM, SLM and wrought specimens was very low. In general, the scaffolds that were fabricated with EBM and SLM had good corrosion resistance, and were suitable for implantation in vivo. - Highlights: • EBM and SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy have good corrosion resistance, and both of them can be applied in vivo. • SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy was more suitable for implantation in vivo than that of EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. • The crevice corrosion resistance of the EBM specimen is the best. • EBM and SLM specimens can form oxide film.

  20. N-(n-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-[18f]fluorobenzamide: a potential ligand for PET imaging of breast cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiue, Chyng-Yann; Shiue, Grace G.; Benard, Francois; Visonneau, Sophie; Santoli, Daniela; Alavi, Abass A.

    2000-01-01

    N-(N-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-[ 18 F]fluorobenzamide (2), a potential ligand for PET imaging of sigma receptor, has been found to be a potential agent for detection of breast cancer. In vivo studies in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing MDA-MB231 tumors showed that the uptake of compound 2 in these tumors was high (3.8%/g); the ratios of tumor/muscle and tumor/blood were 6.2 and 7.0, respectively, at 1 h postinjection. Pretreatment of SCID mice with haldol increased the uptake of compound 2 in blood, muscle, and other well-perfused organs while decreasing its uptake in tumors. The ratios of tumor/muscle and tumor/blood decreased from 6.2 and 7.0 to 1.3 and 1.1, respectively, at 1 h postinjection. At 2 h postinjection, the ratios of tumor/muscle and tumor/blood decreased from 4.9 and 7.8 to 1.4 and 1.4, respectively. The tumor uptake of compound 2 in SCID mice bearing primary tumor explants from a human breast cancer patient was lower than that in MDA-MB231 tumors (1.66%/g versus 3.78%/g), and the ratios of tumor/muscle and tumor/blood were 3.5 and 3.7, respectively, at 1 h postinjection. These results suggest that compound 2 may be a potential ligand for PET imaging of breast cancer

  1. Microstructural examination of several commercial ferritic alloys irradiated to high fluence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gelles, D.S.

    1981-01-01

    Microstructural observations are reported for a series of five commercial ferritic alloys, 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo, H-11, EM-12, 416, and 430F, covering the composition range 2.25 to 17% chromium, following EBR-II irradiation over the temperature range 400 to 650 0 C and to a maximum fluence of 17.6 x 10 22 n/cm 2 (E > 0.1 MeV). These materials were confirmed to be low void swelling with maximum swelling of 0.63% measured in EM-12 following irradiation at 400 0 C to 14.0 x 10 22 n/cm 2 . A wide range of precipitation response was found both as a function of alloy and irradiation temperature. Precipitates observed included M 6 C, Mo 2 C, Chi, Laves, M 23 C 6 , α' and a low temperature phase as yet unidentified. It is predicted, based on these results, that the major impact of irradiation on the ferritic alloy class will be changes in postirradiation mechanical properties due to precipitation

  2. Characterization and Bone Differentiation of Nanoporous Structure Fabricated on Ti6Al4V Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yingmin Su

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The optimal temperature for the alkaline treatment and subsequent heat treatment is determined to optimize the nanoporous structures formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plates. Surface characterization of the alkali-heat treated samples was performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of heating temperatures on albumin adhesion, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, calcium deposition, and Runx2 mRNA expression were evaluated. The nanotopography, surface chemistry, and surface roughness were unchanged even after heat treatments at 200, 400, and 600°C. Only the amorphous sodium titanate phase changed, increasing with the temperature of the heat treatments, which played a crucial role in promoting superior cell adhesion on the nanoporous surface compared with the sodium hydrogen titanate obtained by a single alkali treatment. The heat treatment at 800°C did not enhance cell attachment on the surface because the nanostructure was dramatically destroyed with the reappearance of Al and V. This study reveals that nanoporous structures with amorphous sodium titanate were fabricated on Ti6Al4V surface through an amended alkali-heat treatment process to improve BMMSCs adhesion.

  3. Synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of functionalized Cr-MIL-101-X (X=–F, –Cl, –Br, –CH{sub 3}, –C{sub 6}H{sub 4}, –F{sub 2}, –(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}) materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Buragohain, Amlan [Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam (India); Couck, Sarah [Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); Van Der Voort, Pascal [Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, COMOC – Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent (Belgium); Denayer, Joeri F.M. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); Biswas, Shyam, E-mail: sbiswas@iitg.ernet.in [Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam (India)

    2016-06-15

    Four existing and three new functionalized chromium terephthalates having MIL-101 topology and denoted as Cr-MIL-101-X (existing ones with X=–F, 1-F; –Cl, 2-Cl; –Br, 3-Br; –CH{sub 3}, 4-CH{sub 3}; new ones with X=–C{sub 6}H{sub 4}, 5-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}; –F{sub 2}, 6-F{sub 2}, –(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}, 7-(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. All the materials except 5-C{sub 6}H{sub 4} could be prepared by a general synthetic route, in which the mixtures of CrO{sub 3}, H{sub 2}BDC-X (BDC=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) linkers, conc. HCl and water with a molar ratio of 1:1:3.9:222.2 were reacted at 180 °C for 144 h. Compared to the 144 h of synthesis time, three of the compounds, namely 1-Cl, 2-Br and 5-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}, could be prepared in much shorter reaction times (12–18 h at 180–210 °C). The materials possess high thermal stability up to 270–300 °C in an air atmosphere. The activated compounds exhibit significant porosity (S{sub BET} range: 1273–2135 m{sup 2} g{sup −1}). At 0 °C and 1 bar, the CO{sub 2} adsorption capacities of the compounds fall in the 1.7–2.9 mmol g{sup −1} range. Compounds 1-F and 6-F{sub 2} showed enhanced CO{sub 2} uptake values compared to parent Cr-MIL-101. The benzene adsorption capacities of the compounds lie in the range of 66.2–139.5 molecules per unit cell at 50 °C and p/p{sub 0}=0.35. The increased benzene uptake value of 1-F compared to un-functionalized Cr-MIL-101 and 4-CH{sub 3} suggests that the fluorination has induced more hydrophobicity in Cr-MIL-101 as compared to the methylation. - Graphical abstract: Benzene adsorption by seven functionalized Cr-MIL-101-X metal-organic framework (MOF) materials Display Omitted - Highlights: • Seven functionalized Cr-MIL-101-X materials were synthesized solvothermally. • All Cr-MIL-101-X materials exhibited high thermal stability up to 270–300 °C in air. • All Cr-MIL-101-X compounds displayed considerable porosity towards N{sub 2

  4. Effect of anisotropy on mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V in superplastic region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wahed, MA; Gupta, AK; Singh, SK; Kotkunde, N.

    2018-04-01

    This paper presents an experimental investigation on the flow stress behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at elevated temperatures and very low strain rate. Though Ti-6Al-4V alloy is very hard to deform at room temperature, having only about 16 % elongation, it exhibits super-plasticity at elevated temperatures. To investigate this, the tensile tests were conducted from 700°C to 900°C temperatures at an interval of 50°C and at a very low strain rate 0.0001/s along three different directions: rolling direction, 45° to rolling direction and transverse direction. The experimental study shows more than 50% elongation in all the cases and particularly more than 250% elongation at 0.0001 / s strain rate and at 750°C to 900°C temperature in all directions, which is an indication of super-plasticity in the material. This is also corroborated by the microstructural study of the fractured specimens.

  5. Comparison of LiVPO4F to Li4Ti5O12 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Rui; Shao, Lianyi; Wu, Kaiqiang; Shui, Miao; Wang, Dongjie; Pan, Jianguo; Long, Nengbing; Ren, Yuanlong; Shu, Jie

    2013-09-11

    In this paper, we reported on a comparison of LiVPO4F to Li4Ti5O12 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Combined with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, galvanostatic discharge/charge tests and in situ X-ray diffraction technologies, we explore and compare the insertion/extraction mechanisms of LiVPO4F based on the V3+/V2+/V+ redox couples and Li4Ti5O12 based on the Ti4+/Ti3+ redox couple cycled in 1.0-3.0 V and 0.0-3.0 V. The electrochemical results indicate that both LiVPO4F and Li4Ti5O12 are solid electrolyte interphase free materials in 1.0-3.0 V. The insertion/extraction mechanisms of LiVPO4F and Li4Ti5O12 are similar with each other in 1.0-3.0 V as proved by in situ X-ray diffraction. It also demonstrates that both samples possess stable structure in 0.0-3.0 V. Additionally, the electrochemical performance tests of LiVPO4F and Li4Ti5O12 indicate that both samples cycled in 0.0-3.0 V exhibit much higher capacities than those cycled in 1.0-3.0 V but display worse cycle performance. The rate performance of Li4Ti5O12 far exceeds that of LiVPO4F in the same electrochemical potential window. In particular, the capacity retention of Li4Ti5O12 cycled in 1.0-3.0 V is as high as 98.2% after 20 cycles. By contrast, Li4Ti5O12 is expected to be a candidate anode material considering its high working potential, structural zero-strain property, and excellent cycle stability and rate performance.

  6. Dynamic behaviour of TM380 mild steel and Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to blast loading

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Shoke, Lerato

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available and Base Metals Development Network Conference 2016, 19-20 October 2016, KwaZulu Natal, Maharani Hotel Dynamic behaviour of TM380 mild steel and Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to blast loading L. Shoke,1* K. Mutombo2, I.M. Snyman1 and T. Sono1 1... Landwards Sciences, Defence Peace Safety and Security (DPSS), 2 Material Sciences and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa Lshoke@csir.co.za Abstract This paper deals...

  7. Tribological and Wear Performance of Carbide Tools with TiB2 PVD Coating under Varying Machining Conditions of TiAl6V4 Aerospace Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Mario Paiva

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Tribological phenomena and tool wear mechanisms during machining of hard-to-cut TiAl6V4 aerospace alloy have been investigated in detail. Since cutting tool wear is directly affected by tribological phenomena occurring between the surfaces of the workpiece and the cutting tool, the performance of the cutting tool is strongly associated with the conditions of the machining process. The present work shows the effect of different machining conditions on the tribological and wear performance of TiB2-coated cutting tools compared to uncoated carbide tools. FEM modeling of the temperature profile on the friction surface was performed for wet machining conditions under varying cutting parameters. Comprehensive characterization of the TiB2 coated vs. uncoated cutting tool wear performance was made using optical 3D imaging, SEM/EDX and XPS methods respectively. The results obtained were linked to the FEM modeling. The studies carried out show that during machining of the TiAl6V4 alloy, the efficiency of the TiB2 coating application for carbide cutting tools strongly depends on cutting conditions. The TiB2 coating is very efficient under roughing at low speeds (with strong buildup edge formation. In contrast, it shows similar wear performance to the uncoated tool under finishing operations at higher cutting speeds when cratering wear predominates.

  8. Effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of off-centre Jahn-Teller [CuF sub 4 F sub 4] sup 6 sup - complexes in SrF sub 2 crystal

    CERN Document Server

    Ulanov, V A; Hoffmann, S K; Zaripov, M M

    2003-01-01

    Pressure and temperature variations of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) linewidths of non-central Jahn-Teller [CuF sub 4 F sub 4] sup 6 sup - complexes in SrF sub 2 crystal were studied by continuous-wave EPR. It was found that the static spin-Hamiltonian parameters, found at T = 85 K and at normal pressure (g sub | sub | = 2.491, g sub p sub e sub r sub p sub e sub n sub d sub i sub c sub u sub l sub a sub r = 2.083, a sub p sub a sub r sub a sub l sub l sub e sub l = 360, a sub p sub e sub r sub p sub e sub n sub d sub i sub c sub u sub l sub a sub r = 26, A sub x sub ' sub ' = 96, A sub y sub ' sub ' = 99, A sub z sub ' sub ' = 403 and beta sub e sub x sub p = 17 diameter), are slightly changed with hydrostatic pressure and, at T = 85 K and P = 550 MPa, become equal to g sub | sub | = 2.489, g sub p sub e sub r sub p sub e sub n sub d sub i sub c sub u sub l sub a sub r = 2.083, a sub | sub | 348, a sub p sub e sub r sub p sub e sub n sub d sub i sub c sub u sub l s...

  9. Paramagnetic defects in KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4} crystals with high concentration of embedded TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grachev, Valentin G., E-mail: grachev@physics.montana.edu; Tse, Romand; Malovichko, Galina I. [Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 (United States); Pritula, Igor M.; Bezkrovnaya, Olga N.; Kosinova, Anna V. [Institute for Single Crystals, NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv (Ukraine)

    2016-01-21

    Qualitative transformations of spectra of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, EPR, were found in KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4} crystals grown from liquor with 10{sup −5}–10{sup −1 }wt. % of anatase TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles in comparison with nominally pure KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. The nanoparticles have larger segregation coefficient for prismatic parts of the crystals than for pyramidal ones. Significant decrease in resonance absorption, complete disappearance of EPR lines of Fe{sup 3+} and Cr{sup 3+} centers, and appearance of four weak lines of equal intensities together with broad asymmetric lines with g-factors about 2.07–2.5 was observed in pyramidal parts grown with concentration of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles larger than the threshold value 10{sup −2 }wt. %. The four lines were attributed to non-controlled impurity As substituted for P. In the presence of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles, non-paramagnetic AsO{sub 4}{sup 3−} clusters trap electrons becoming AsO{sub 4}{sup 4−}. Disappearance of Fe{sup 3+} and Cr{sup 3+} centers was explained by their recharge to “EPR-silent” states and/or pairing at the surface of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles.

  10. Protective Sliding Carbon-Based Nanolayers Prepared by Argon or Nitrogen Ion-Beam Assisted Deposition on Ti6Al4V Alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petr Vlcak

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The microstructure and the surface properties of samples coated by carbon-based nanolayer were investigated in an effort to increase the surface hardness and reduce the coefficient of friction of the Ti6Al4V alloy. Protective carbon-based nanolayers were fabricated by argon or nitrogen ion-beam assisted deposition at ion energy of 700 eV on Ti6Al4V substrates. The Raman spectra indicated that nanolayers had a diamond-like carbon character with sp2 rich bonds. The TiC and TiN compounds formed in the surface area were detected by X-ray diffraction. Nanoscratch tests showed increased adhesion of a carbon-based nanolayer deposited with ion assistance in comparison with a carbon nanolayer deposited without ion assistance. The results showed that argon ion assistance leads to greater nanohardness than a sample coated by a carbon-based nanolayer with nitrogen ion assistance. A more than twofold increase in nanohardness and a more than fivefold decrease in the coefficient of friction were obtained for samples coated by a carbon-based nanolayer with ion assistance, in comparison with the reference sample.

  11. Development and industrial mastering hot rolling procedure for low-ductile steels and alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Degterenko, V.K.; Sokolov, V.A.

    1980-01-01

    The technique for the development of the sheet hot rolling procedure for low-ductile steels and alloys (0Kh17N14M2, 12Kh21N5T, 20Kh25N20C2,40Kh13, 36NKhTYu etc.) is proposed, using plastometer which permits to obtain the data on the deformation resistance in the wide range of temperatures (800-1300 deg C), of deformation degrees (0.1-0.3) and deformation rates (0.001-300 c -1 ). With the help of the plastometric data processed on the computer the calculation of the rolling regimes for the sheet with improved surface quality is carried out at the more uniform loading on the mill stands

  12. The dimeric [V2O2F8]4− anion: Structural characterization of a magnetic basic-building-unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu, Hongcheng; Gautier, Romain; Li, Zuo-Xi; Jie, Wanqi; Liu, Zhengtang; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.

    2013-01-01

    New materials built from the [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− anionic basic-building-unit (BBU) exhibit interesting magnetic properties owing to the proximity of the two d 1 V(IV) cations and the orbital interactions of fluoride and oxide ligands. In our search to target such materials, the vanadium oxide–fluoride compound [dpaH 2 ] 2 [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] in which a dimeric anion [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− is isolated in a hydrogen bond network was hydrothermally synthesized (dpa=2,2′-dipyridylamine). This hydrogen bond network is able to stabilize the highly ionic species [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− as demonstrated with bond valence calculations. The coordination of the O 2− /F − ordered ligands was investigated and antiferromagnetic coupling of the isolated BBU was measured. - The new hybrid compound [dpaH 2 ] 2 [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] built from the interesting [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− magnetic basic-building-unit (BBU) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The coordination of the O 2− /F − ordered ligands was investigated by BVS calculations and antiferromagnetic coupling was measured. Highlights: ► A new vanadium oxyfluoride was synthesized by hydrothermal method. ► The Dimeric [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− basic building unit is isolated in the hydrogen bond networks. ► The coordination of [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− units to the extended structure is investigated. ► Isolated [V 2 O 2 F 8 ] 4− units exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling

  13. Measurements of Ay(θ) for 12C(n,n)12C from En=2.2 to 8.5 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roper, C.D.; Tornow, W.; Braun, R.T.; Chen, Q.; Crowell, A.; Trotter, D. Gonzalez; Howell, C.R.; Salinas, F.; Setze, R.; Walter, R.L.; Chen Zemin; Tang Hongqing; Zhou Zuying

    2005-01-01

    The analyzing power A y (θ) for neutron elastic scattering from 12 C has been measured for 33 neutron energies between E n =2.2 and 8.5 MeV in the angular range from 25 deg. to 145 deg. in the laboratory system. The primary motivation for these measurements is the need for an accurate knowledge of A y (θ) for 12 C(n,n) 12 C elastic scattering to enable corrections to high-precision neutron-proton and neutron-deuteron A y (θ) data in the neutron-energy range below E n =30 MeV. In their own right, 12 C(n,n) 12 C A y (θ) data are of crucial importance for improving both the parametrization of n- 12 C scattering and our knowledge of the level scheme of 13 C. The present A y (θ) data are compared with published data and previous phase-shift-analysis results

  14. Transformaciones α↔β en la aleación Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn: caracterización y características mecánicas y microestructurales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tarín, P.

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available In Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn alloy, α↔β transformation kinetics and other transformation characteristics, as well as its influence on subsequent cooling transformations, have been evaluated by differential and dilatometric thermal analysis, hardness measurements and metallographic observation, after performing controlled thermal treatments. Starting from the mill annealed condition, samples were heated at temperatures between 650-1050 °C for 1 h, then water quenched and subsequently heated at 570 °C for 4 h, air cooled. Finally, the mechanical properties of samples heat treated as indicated above have been obtained.

    Para estudiar la cinética de la transformación α↔β en la aleación Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, del tipo α+β, y valorar el porcentaje de fase a no trasformada (α primaria y la influencia en transformaciones posteriores en enfriamiento, se realizaron ensayos de análisis térmico (diferencial y dilatométrico, estudios metalográficos y medidas de dureza, tras tratamientos térmicos controlados. Partiendo del estado de entrega (mill annealed, se realizaron tratamientos de solución, mediante calentamiento de 1 h entre 650 °C y 1.050 °C, con enfriamiento en agua con agitación. Posteriormente, se han sometido las muestras a un calentamiento a 570 °C durante 4 h y enfriamiento final al aire. Finalmente, se determinaron las características en tracción.

  15. Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Eu2+ doped Cs4CaI6 and Cs4SrI6

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stand, L.; Zhuravleva, M.; Chakoumakos, B.; Johnson, J.; Loyd, M.; Wu, Y.; Koschan, M.; Melcher, C. L.

    2018-03-01

    In this work we present the crystal growth and scintillation properties of two new ternarymetal halide scintillators activated with divalent europium, Cs4CaI6 and Cs4SrI6. Single crystals of each compound were grown in evacuated quartz ampoules via the vertical Bridgman technique using a two-zone transparent furnace. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that both crystals have a trigonal (R-3c) structure, with a density of 3.99 g/cm3 and 4.03 g/cm3. The radioluminescence and photoluminescence measurements showed typical luminescence properties due to the 5d-4f radiative transitions in Eu2+. At this early stage of development Cs4SrI6:Eu and Cs4CaI6:Eu have shown very promising scintillation properties, with light yields and energy resolutions of 62,300 ph/MeV and 3.3%, and 51,800 photons/MeV and 3.6% at 662 keV, respectively.

  16. A measurement of the photon structure function F$_{2}^{\\gamma}$ at an average Q$^{2}$ of 12 GeV$^{2}$/c$^{4}$ : results from DELPHI

    CERN Document Server

    Abreu, P; Adye, T; Agasi, E; Ajinenko, I; Aleksan, Roy; Alekseev, G D; Allport, P P; Almehed, S; Alvsvaag, S J; Amaldi, Ugo; Amato, S; Andreazza, A; Andrieux, M L; Antilogus, P; Apel, W D; Arnoud, Y; Augustin, J E; Augustinus, A; Baillon, Paul; Bambade, P; Barão, F; Barate, R; Bardin, Dimitri Yuri; Barker, G J; Baroncelli, A; Bärring, O; Barrio, J A; Bartl, Walter; Bates, M J; Battaglia, Marco; Batyunya, B; Baubillier, M; Baudot, J; Becks, K H; Begalli, M; Beillière, P; Belokopytov, Yu A; Belous, K S; Benvenuti, Alberto C; Berggren, M; Bertrand, D; Bianchi, F; Bigi, M; Bilenky, S M; Billoir, P; Bloch, D; Blume, M; Blyth, S; Bocci, V; Bolognese, T; Bonesini, M; Bonivento, W; Booth, P S L; Borisov, G; Bosio, C; Bosworth, S; Botner, O; Bouquet, B; Bourdarios, C; Bowcock, T J V; Bozzo, M; Branchini, P; Brand, K D; Brenke, T; Brenner, R A; Bricman, C; Brillault, L; Brown, R C A; Brückman, P; Brunet, J M; Bugge, L; Buran, T; Burgsmüller, T; Buschmann, P; Buys, A; Caccia, M; Calvi, M; Camacho-Rozas, A J; Camporesi, T; Canale, V; Canepa, M; Cankocak, K; Cao, F; Carena, F; Carrilho, P; Carroll, L; Caso, Carlo; Castillo-Gimenez, M V; Cattai, A; Cavallo, F R; Cerrito, L; Chabaud, V; Charpentier, P; Chaussard, L; Chauveau, J; Checchia, P; Chelkov, G A; Chierici, R; Chliapnikov, P V; Chochula, P; Chorowicz, V; Cindro, V; Collins, P; Contreras, J L; Contri, R; Cortina, E; Cosme, G; Cossutti, F; Crawley, H B; Crennell, D J; Crosetti, G; Cuevas-Maestro, J; Czellar, S; Dahl-Jensen, Erik; Dahm, J; D'Almagne, B; Dam, M; Damgaard, G; Daum, A; Dauncey, P D; Davenport, Martyn; Da Silva, W; Defoix, C; Della Ricca, G; Delpierre, P A; Demaria, N; De Angelis, A; De Boeck, H; de Boer, Wim; De Brabandere, S; De Clercq, C; La Vaissière, C de; De Lotto, B; De Min, A; De Paula, L S; De Saint-Jean, C; Dijkstra, H; Di Ciaccio, Lucia; Djama, F; Dolbeau, J; Dönszelmann, M; Doroba, K; Dracos, M; Drees, J; Drees, K A; Dris, M; Dufour, Y; Dupont, F; Edsall, D M; Ehret, R; Eigen, G; Ekelöf, T J C; Ekspong, Gösta; Elsing, M; Engel, J P; Ershaidat, N; Erzen, B; Espirito-Santo, M C; Falk, E; Fassouliotis, D; Feindt, Michael; Fenyuk, A; Ferrer, A; Filippas-Tassos, A; Firestone, A; Föth, H; Fokitis, E; Fontanelli, F; Formenti, F; Franek, B J; Frenkiel, P; Fries, D E C; Frodesen, A G; Frühwirth, R; Fulda-Quenzer, F; Fürstenau, H; Fuster, J A; Galloni, A; Gamba, D; Gandelman, M; García, C; García, J; Gaspar, C; Gasparini, U; Gavillet, P; Gazis, E N; Gelé, D; Gerber, J P; Gibbs, M; Gillespie, D; Gokieli, R; Golob, B; Gopal, Gian P; Gorn, L; Górski, M; Guz, Yu; Gracco, Valerio; Graziani, E; Grosdidier, G; Gunnarsson, P; Günther, M; Guy, J; Haedinger, U; Hahn, F; Hahn, M; Hahn, S; Hajduk, Z; Hallgren, A; Hamacher, K; Hao, W; Harris, F J; Hedberg, V; Hernández, J J; Herquet, P; Herr, H; Hessing, T L; Higón, E; Hilke, Hans Jürgen; Hill, T S; Holmgren, S O; Holt, P J; Holthuizen, D J; Houlden, M A; Hrubec, Josef; Huet, K; Hultqvist, K; Ioannou, P; Jackson, J N; Jacobsson, R; Jalocha, P; Janik, R; Jarlskog, G; Jarry, P; Jean-Marie, B; Johansson, E K; Jönsson, L B; Jönsson, P E; Joram, Christian; Juillot, P; Kaiser, M; Kalmus, George Ernest; Kapusta, F; Karlsson, M; Karvelas, E; Katsanevas, S; Katsoufis, E C; Keränen, R; Khomenko, B A; Khovanskii, N N; King, B J; Kjaer, N J; Klein, H; Klovning, A; Kluit, P M; Köhne, J H; Köne, B; Kokkinias, P; Koratzinos, M; Korcyl, K; Kostyukhin, V; Kourkoumelis, C; Kuznetsov, O; Kramer, P H; Krammer, Manfred; Kreuter, C; Królikowski, J; Kronkvist, I J; Krumshtein, Z; Krupinski, W; Kubinec, P; Kucewicz, W; Kurvinen, K L; Lacasta, C; Laktineh, I; Lamblot, S; Lamsa, J; Lanceri, L; Lane, D W; Langefeld, P; Lapin, V; Last, I; Laugier, J P; Lauhakangas, R; Leder, Gerhard; Ledroit, F; Lefébure, V; Legan, C K; Leitner, R; Lemoigne, Y; Lemonne, J; Lenzen, G; Lepeltier, V; Lesiak, T; Liko, D; Lindner, R; Lipniacka, A; Lippi, I; Lörstad, B; Lokajícek, M; Loken, J G; López, J M; López-Fernandez, A; López-Aguera, M A; Loukas, D; Lutz, P; Lyons, L; MacNaughton, J N; Maehlum, G; Maio, A; Malychev, V; Mandl, F; Marco, J; Maréchal, B; Margoni, M; Marin, J C; Mariotti, C; Markou, A; Maron, T; Martínez-Rivero, C; Martínez-Vidal, F; Martí i García, S; Matorras, F; Matteuzzi, C; Matthiae, Giorgio; Mazzucato, M; McCubbin, M L; McKay, R; McNulty, R; Medbo, J; Meroni, C; Meyer, W T; Myagkov, A; Michelotto, M; Migliore, E; Mirabito, L; Mjörnmark, U; Moa, T; Møller, R; Mönig, K; Monge, M R; Morettini, P; Müller, H; Mundim, L M; Murray, W J; Muryn, B; Myatt, Gerald; Naraghi, F; Navarria, Francesco Luigi; Navas, S; Negri, P; Némécek, S; Neumann, W; Neumeister, N; Nicolaidou, R; Nielsen, B S; Nieuwenhuizen, M; Nikolaenko, V; Niss, P; Nomerotski, A; Normand, Ainsley; Oberschulte-Beckmann, W; Obraztsov, V F; Olshevskii, A G; Onofre, A; Orava, Risto; Österberg, K; Ouraou, A; Paganini, P; Paganoni, M; Pagès, P; Palka, H; Papadopoulou, T D; Pape, L; Parkes, C; Parodi, F; Passeri, A; Pegoraro, M; Peralta, L; Pernegger, H; Pernicka, Manfred; Perrotta, A; Petridou, C; Petrolini, A; Phillips, H T; Piana, G; Pierre, F; Pimenta, M; Plaszczynski, S; Podobrin, O; Pol, M E; Polok, G; Poropat, P; Pozdnyakov, V; Prest, M; Privitera, P; Pukhaeva, N; Pullia, Antonio; Radojicic, D; Ragazzi, S; Rahmani, H; Rames, J; Ratoff, P N; Read, A L; Reale, M; Rebecchi, P; Redaelli, N G; Regler, Meinhard; Reid, D; Renton, P B; Resvanis, L K; Richard, F; Richardson, J; Rídky, J; Rinaudo, G; Ripp, I; Romero, A; Roncagliolo, I; Ronchese, P; Roos, L; Rosenberg, E I; Rosso, E; Roudeau, Patrick; Rovelli, T; Rückstuhl, W; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V; Ruiz, A; Rybicki, K; Saarikko, H; Sacquin, Yu; Sadovskii, A; Sajot, G; Salt, J; Sánchez, J; Sannino, M; Schneider, H; Schyns, M A E; Sciolla, G; Scuri, F; Sedykh, Yu; Segar, A M; Seitz, A; Sekulin, R L; Shellard, R C; Siccama, I; Siegrist, P; Simonetti, S; Simonetto, F; Sissakian, A N; Sitár, B; Skaali, T B; Smadja, G; Smirnov, N; Smirnova, O G; Smith, G R; Sosnowski, R; Souza-Santos, D; Spassoff, Tz; Spiriti, E; Sponholz, P; Squarcia, S; Stanescu, C; Stapnes, Steinar; Stavitski, I; Stepaniak, K; Stichelbaut, F; Stocchi, A; Strauss, J; Strub, R; Stugu, B; Szczekowski, M; Szeptycka, M; Tabarelli de Fatis, T; Tavernet, J P; Chikilev, O G; Tilquin, A; Timmermans, J; Tkatchev, L G; Todorov, T; Toet, D Z; Tomaradze, A G; Tomé, B; Tortora, L; Tranströmer, G; Treille, D; Trischuk, W; Tristram, G; Trombini, A; Troncon, C; Tsirou, A L; Turluer, M L; Tyapkin, I A; Tyndel, M; Tzamarias, S; Überschär, B; Ullaland, O; Uvarov, V; Valenti, G; Vallazza, E; Van der Velde, C; van Apeldoorn, G W; van Dam, P; Van Doninck, W K; Van Eldik, J; Vassilopoulos, N; Vegni, G; Ventura, L; Venus, W A; Verbeure, F; Verlato, M; Vertogradov, L S; Vilanova, D; Vincent, P; Vitale, L; Vlasov, E; Vodopyanov, A S; Vrba, V; Wahlen, H; Walck, C; Waldner, F; Weierstall, M; Weilhammer, Peter; Wetherell, Alan M; Wicke, D; Wickens, J H; Wielers, M; Wilkinson, G R; Williams, W S C; Winter, M; Witek, M; Woschnagg, K; Yip, K; Yushchenko, O P; Zach, F; Zacharatou-Jarlskog, C; Zalewska-Bak, A; Zalewski, Piotr; Zavrtanik, D; Zevgolatakos, E; Zimin, N I; Zito, M; Zontar, D; Zuberi, R; Zucchelli, G C; Zumerle, G

    1996-01-01

    The hadronic photon structure function F_{2}^{\\gamma} has been measured in the Q^{2} range from 4 to 30~GeV^2/c^{4} and down to x values of order 0.001, using data taken with the DELPHI detector at LEP between 1991 and 1993. A comparison is made with several F_{2}^{\\gamma} parameterizations with special emphasis on their low x behaviour. A result on the Q^{2} evolution of F_{2}^{\\gamma} is presented.

  17. Critical Elements of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Economics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Steward, Darlene M. [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

    2017-09-07

    This report explores the critical elements of V2G economics. Section 2 summarizes the elements and costs of a V2G system. Section 3 describes V2G revenue-generating services and the business cases for providing these services. Section 4 notes real-world V2G applications. Section 5 lists concerns related to V2G. Section 6 concludes and summarizes V2G cost and revenue elements.

  18. N +-implantation induced enhanced adhesion in WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laidani, Nadhira; Dorigoni, Carla; Miotello, Antonio

    1996-12-01

    In this work, the potentiality of the N +-implantation to promote adhesion in WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V bilayers has been investigated. The WC 1- x films were deposited by rf sputtering in Ar discharge. N +-implantations were performed at 160 keV with ion dose ranging from 5 × 10 15 to 2 × 10 17N +/cm 2. The implantations have been carried out at two sample temperatures: 363 K and 423 K. Adhesion strength was measured by means of the scratch test in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to study the chemical, compositional and structural changes of the WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V interface. As a general result, N +-implantation modifies the adhesion failure mechanism which from adhesive, before implantation, becomes cohesive. The implantation temperature had a strong effect on the critical loads Lc. N +-implantation at 423 K resulted in a slight increase of Lc, from 2N (unimplanted systems) to 5N for all ion doses. This weak improvement of the adhesion strength was associated with the particular interface processes which allowed C, but not W, mixing into the substrate. In this case, TiC bondings formed which contributed to the substrate embrittlement. When the implantations were carried out at 363 K, both C and W underwent mixing with Ti-6Al-4V: this favoured not only an interface composition grading but also a graded chemistry across the interface, with a strong increase of Lc for low ion dose ( Lc = 14N for 1 × 10 16 N +/cm 2). Implantation with higher doses (5 × 10 16N -/cm 2 and 2 × 10 17N +/cm 2) exhibited lower efficiency ( Lc = 7N for 2 × 10 17 N +/cm 2). This ion dose dependence of the adhesion strength was attributed to the formation of different phases across the interface, probably structurally incompatible.

  19. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti–6Al–4V alloy based on heat response

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guo, Ruipeng [School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Xu, Lei, E-mail: lxu@imr.ac.cn [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Wu, Jie; Yang, Rui [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China); Zong, Bernie Y. [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China)

    2015-07-15

    In present work, powder metallurgy (PM) Ti–6Al–4V alloy was produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) from gas atomized powder. Various HIPing conditions and heat treatments were used to investigate the heat response of PM Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The results show that the optimization of HIPing parameters is temperature from 920 to 940 °C, pressure over 120 MPa and holding for 3 h. The microstructure of powder compact changes significantly after different heat treatments, while there was no obvious difference in tensile properties. Temperature induced porosity (TIP) in powder compact occurred after annealing at 930 °C for 1 h plus aging. The TIP has no obvious effects on tensile, impact, and fracture toughness properties of powder compact, but the TIP has an adverse effect on fatigue property, especially at shorter fatigue lives. In order to eliminate the TIP in powder compact, several probable solutions were suggested for the application of titanium powder components.

  20. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti–6Al–4V alloy based on heat response

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo, Ruipeng; Xu, Lei; Wu, Jie; Yang, Rui; Zong, Bernie Y.

    2015-01-01

    In present work, powder metallurgy (PM) Ti–6Al–4V alloy was produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) from gas atomized powder. Various HIPing conditions and heat treatments were used to investigate the heat response of PM Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The results show that the optimization of HIPing parameters is temperature from 920 to 940 °C, pressure over 120 MPa and holding for 3 h. The microstructure of powder compact changes significantly after different heat treatments, while there was no obvious difference in tensile properties. Temperature induced porosity (TIP) in powder compact occurred after annealing at 930 °C for 1 h plus aging. The TIP has no obvious effects on tensile, impact, and fracture toughness properties of powder compact, but the TIP has an adverse effect on fatigue property, especially at shorter fatigue lives. In order to eliminate the TIP in powder compact, several probable solutions were suggested for the application of titanium powder components

  1. Effects of Al content and annealing on the phases formation, lattice parameters, and magnetization of A lxF e2B2 (x =1.0 ,1.1 ,1.2 ) alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levin, E. M.; Jensen, B. A.; Barua, R.; Lejeune, B.; Howard, A.; McCallum, R. W.; Kramer, M. J.; Lewis, L. H.

    2018-03-01

    AlF e2B2 is a ferromagnet with the Curie temperature around 300 K and has the potential to be an outstanding rare-earth free candidate for magnetocaloric applications. However, samples prepared from the melt contain additional phases which affect the functional response of the AlF e2B2 phase. We report on the effects of Al content in samples with the initial (nominal) composition of A lxF e2B2 , where x =1.0 , 1.1, and 1.2 prepared by arc-melting followed by suction casting and annealing. The as-cast A lxF e2B2 alloys contain AlF e2B2 as well as additional phases, including the primary solidifying FeB and A l13F e4 compounds, which are ferromagnetic and paramagnetic, respectively, at 300 K. The presence of these phases makes it difficult to extract the intrinsic magnetic properties of AlF e2B2 phase. Annealing of A lxF e2B2 alloys at 1040 °C for 3 days allows for reaction of the FeB with A l13F e4 to form the AlF e2B2 phase, significantly reduces the amount of additional phases, and results in nearly pure AlF e2B2 phase as confirmed with XRD, magnetization, scanning electron microscopy, and electronic transport. The values of the magnetization, effective magnetic moment per Fe atom, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient for the AlF e2B2 compound have been established.

  2. Neutron diffraction study of a nitrogen martensitic steel 0Kh16N4AB under load

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Sumin, V. V.; Papushkin, I.V.; Bannykh, O.A.; Blinov, V.M.; Lukáš, Petr

    2008-01-01

    Roč. 105, č. 1 (2008), s. 88-91 ISSN 0031-918X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10480505 Keywords : steel 0Kh16N4AB * neutron diffraction * FSD Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics , Colliders Impact factor: 0.412, year: 2008

  3. Synthesis and properties of Rb2GeF6:Mn4+ red-emitting phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakurai, Shono; Nakamura, Toshihiro; Adachi, Sadao

    2018-02-01

    Rb2GeF6:Mn4+ red-emitting phosphors were synthesized by coprecipitation and their structural and optical properties were investigated by laser microscopy observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, photoluminescence (PL) analysis, PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopy, and PL decay measurement. Single-crystalline ingots in the form of a hexagonal pyramid were prepared with a basal plane diameter of ˜2 mm. The XRD analysis suggested that Rb2GeF6 crystallizes in the hexagonal structure (C6v4 = P63mc) with a = 0.5955 nm and c = 0.9672 nm. The phosphor exhibited the strong Mn4+-related zero-phonon line (ZPL) emission peak typically observed in host crystals with piezoelectrically active lattices such as a hexagonal lattice. The quantum efficiencies of the bulk ingot and powdered samples were 87 and 74%, respectively, with nearly the same luminescence decay time of ˜6 ms. The exact ZPL energies and related crystal-field and Racah parameters were obtained from the PL and PLE spectra by Franck-Condon analysis. Temperature-dependent PL intensities were analyzed from T = 20 to 500 K using a thermal quenching model by considering Bose-Einstein phonon statistics. A comparative discussion on the phosphor properties of Rb2GeF6:Mn4+ and Rb2MF6:Mn4+ with M = Si and Ti was also given.

  4. Evaluation of cast Ti-Fe-O-N alloys for dental applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koike, Marie; Ohkubo, Chikahiro; Sato, Hideki; Fujii, Hideki; Okabe, Toru

    2005-01-01

    Good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance make titanium an excellent material for biomedical applications. However, when better mechanical properties than those offered by commercially pure titanium (CPTi) are needed, Ti-6Al-4V is sometimes a good alternative. Some new titanium alloys, developed as industrial structural materials, aim at an intermediate range of strength between that of CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. Two of these alloys are Super-TIX800TM (Ti-1% Fe-0.35% O-0.01% N) and Super-TIX800NTM (Ti-1% Fe-0.3% O-0.04% N) (both produced by Nippon Steel Corp., Japan). Besides being stronger than CP Ti, the cost of manufacturing these alloys is reportedly lower than for Ti-6Al-4V since they do not contain any expensive elements. In addition, they are not composed of elements such as aluminum or vanadium, which have caused biocompatibility concerns in medical and dental appliances. To evaluate these alloys as candidates for dental use, it is helpful to compare them to CP Ti (ASTM Grade 2) and Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM Grade 5), which have already been employed in dentistry. We evaluated the tensile properties, mold filling capacity, corrosion characteristics and grindability of these industrial alloys prepared by investment casting. Compared to the strengths of cast CPTi, the yield strength and tensile strength of these cast alloys were more than 20% and approximately 30% higher, respectively. On the other hand, both of these properties were 30% lower than for Ti-6Al-4V. Better grindability and wear resistance were additional benefits of these new alloys for dental applications

  5. Cyclic deformation of dissimilar welded joints between Ti–6Al–4V and Ti17 alloys: Effect of strain ratio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, S.Q. [State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi' an 710072 (China); Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 (Canada); Liu, J.H., E-mail: jinhliu@nwpu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi' an 710072 (China); Lu, Z.X. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi' an University of Technology, 5 Jinhuanan Road, Xi' an 710048 (China); Chen, D.L., E-mail: dchen@ryerson.ca [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 (Canada)

    2014-03-01

    Cyclic deformation characteristics of electron beam welded (EBWed) joints between Ti–6Al–4V and Ti17 (Ti–5Al–4Mo–4Cr–2Sn–2Zr) titanium alloys were evaluated via strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests at varying strain ratios at a constant strain amplitude. The welding led to a significant microstructural change across the dissimilar joint, with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) martensite α' and orthorhombic martensite α″ in the fusion zone (FZ), α' in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of Ti–6Al–4V side, and coarse β in the HAZ of Ti17 side. A distinctive asymmetrical hardness profile across the joint was observed with the highest hardness in the FZ and a lower hardness in the HAZ of Ti17 side than in the Ti17 base metal (BM), indicating the presence of soft zone. The strength and ductility of the dissimilar joint lay in-between those of two base metals (BMs). Unlike wrought magnesium alloys, the Ti–6Al–4V BM, Ti17 BM, and joint basically exhibited symmetrical hysteresis loops in tension and compression in the fully reversed strain-controlled tests at a strain ratio of R{sub ε}=−1. At a strain ratio of R{sub ε}=0 and 0.5, a large amount of plastic deformation occurred in the ascending phase of the first cycle of hysteresis loops of Ti–6Al–4V BM, Ti17 BM, and joint due to the high positive mean strain values. Fatigue life of the joint was observed to be the longest at R{sub ε}=−1, and it decreased as the strain ratio deviated from R{sub ε}=−1. A certain degree of mean stress relaxation was observed in the non-fully reversed strain controlled tests (i.e., R{sub ε}≠−1). Fatigue failure of the dissimilar joints occurred in the Ti–6Al–4V BM, with crack initiation from the specimen surface or near-surface defect and crack propagation characterized by fatigue striations.

  6. Submicroscopic structure role in resistance of microplastic deformation of precipitation hardening nickel-chromium base alloys. 2. Softening stage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gitgarts, M.I.; Kukareko, V.A.

    1985-01-01

    Reasons for decrease of elastic limit and hardness of KhN77TYuR, KhN56VMTYu and KhN67VMTYu alloys at early stages of ageing are analyzed. Alloy softening is shown to be conditioned by development of spatial ordering of γ'-particles by the matrix volume. It is concluded that regularity in particle disposition reduces resistance to microplastic shear to a greater extent than to macroplastic strains

  7. Simulation of Microdamage and Evaluation of Remaining Life of Steam Conduit Components from New-Generation Refractory Steel 10Kh9MF-Sh

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gladshtein, V. I.

    2018-03-01

    The effects of microdamage on the remaining life of high-temperature components of steam conduits from high-chromium steel 10Kh9MF-Sh and low-alloy steel 12Kh1M1F are compared. To simulate the microdamage, specimens with a circular notch and different relative diameters are fabricated. Specimens with a notch simulating the highest degree of microdamage and smooth specimens are tested for long-term strength. The coefficient of the remaining life of a conduit is computed for the range of relative damage presenting practical interest.

  8. Cross-sections of {sup 45}Sc(n,2n){sup 44m,g}Sc reaction from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Luo, J. [Hexi Univ., Zhangye (China). School of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering; Peking Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology; Liu, R.; Jiang, L. [Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang (China). Inst. of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry; Liu, Z.; Sun, G.; Ge, S. [Hexi Univ., Zhangye (China). School of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering

    2013-07-01

    Cross sections of {sup 45}Sc(n,2n){sup 44m,g}Sc reactions and their isomeric cross section ratios {sigma}{sub m}/{sigma}{sub g} have been measured at three neutron energies between 13.5 and 14.8 MeV using the activation technique. The pure cross section of the groundstate was then obtained by utilizing the absolute cross section of the metastable state and analysis methods of residual nuclear decay. The monoenergetic neutron beam was produced via the {sup 3}H(d, n){sup 4}He reaction. The cross sections were also estimated with the TALYS-1.2 nuclear model code using different level density options, at neutron energies varying from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. Results are also discussed and compared with some corresponding values found in the literature. (orig.)

  9. Hydrogen storage in TiCr1.2(FeV)x BCC solid solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Sydney F.; Huot, Jacques

    2009-01-01

    The Ti-V-based BCC solid solutions have been considered attractive candidates for hydrogen storage due to their relatively large hydrogen absorbing capacities near room temperature. In spite of this, improvements of some issues should be achieved to allow the technological applications of these alloys. Higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity, decreasing the hysteresis of PCI curves, and decrease in the cost of the raw materials are needed. In the case of vanadium-rich BCC solid solutions, which usually have large hydrogen storage capacities, the search for raw materials with lower cost is mandatory since pure vanadium is quite expensive. Recently, the substitutions of vanadium in these alloys have been tried and some interesting results were achieved by replacing vanadium by commercial ferrovanadium (FeV) alloy. In the present work, this approach was also adopted and TiCr 1.2 (FeV) x alloy series was investigated. The XRD patterns showed the co-existence of a BCC solid solution and a C14 Laves phase in these alloys. SEM analysis showed the alloys consisted of dendritic microstructure and C14 colonies. The amount of C14 phase increases when the amount of (FeV) decreases in these alloys. Concerning the hydrogen storage, the best results were obtained for the TiCr 1.2 (FeV) 0.4 alloy, which achieved 2.79 mass% of hydrogen storage capacity and 1.36 mass% of reversible hydrogen storage capacity

  10. Microstructural examination of several commercial ferritic alloys irradiated to high fluence

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gelles, D. S.

    Microstructural observations are reported for a series of five commercial ferritic alloys, 2 {1}/{4}Cr-1Mo , H-11, EM-12, 416, and 430F, covering the composition range 2.25 to 17% chromium, following EBR-II irradiation over the temperature range 400 to 650°C and to a maximum fluence of 1.76 × 10 23 n/cm 2 (E >0.1 MeV). These materials were confirmed to be low void swelling with maximum swelling of 0.63% measured in EM-12 following irradiation at 400°C to 1.40 × 10 23 n/cm 2. A wide range of precipitation response was found both as a function of alloy and irradiation temperature. Precipitates observed included M 6C, Mo 2C, Chi, Laves, M 23C 6, α' and a low temperature phase as yet unidentified. It is predicted, based on these results, that the major impact of irradiation on the ferritic alloy class will be changes in postirradiation mechanical properties due to precipitation.

  11. Wear and corrosion behaviors of Ti6Al4V alloy biomedical materials by silver plasma immersion ion implantation process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hongxi, Liu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093 (China); Qian, Xu, E-mail: vipliuhx@yahoo.com.cn [Faculty of Adult Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051 (China); Xiaowei, Zhang; Chuanqi, Wang [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093 (China); Baoyin, Tang [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

    2012-10-30

    In order to improve the wear resistance and anti-corrosion behaviors of Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy, polished samples were implanted with silver (Ag) ions by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique. The phase composition and element concentration-depth distribution in modified layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Auger electron spectrum (AES). Corrosion resistance, microhardness, friction and wear behaviors of PIII-TC4 alloy changed with the Ag ion implantation dose. XRD analysis reveals that the surface modified layer consists of Ag and a small amount of TiAg phases. AES results show that Ag atomic peak concentration is 9.88%, about 14.4 nm from the surface. The maximum nanohardness and elastic modulus of PIII-TC4 alloy increases by 62.5% and 54.5%, respectively. The lowest friction coefficient reduces from 0.78 to 0.2. The test result of potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5% NaCl saturated solution indicates that the sample of Ag ion dose at 1.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 17} ions/cm{sup 2} has the best corrosion resistance with the lowest corrosion current density and the least porosity.

  12. Characterization of laser deposited Ti6Al4V/TiC composite powders on a Ti6Al4V substrate

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Mahamood, RM

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper reports the material characterization of Ti6Al4V/TiC composite produced by laser metal deposition. The Ti6Al4V/TiC composites were deposited with a composition ratio of 50 wt.% Ti64l4V and 50 wt.% TiC. The depositions were achieved...

  13. A comparative study of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding and TIG welding of thin Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao, Xiao-Long; Zhang, Lin-Jie; Liu, Jing; Zhang, Jian-Xun

    2013-01-01

    This paper reports on a study aiming at comparing properties of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy joints between pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding and traditional fusion welding. To achieve the research purpose, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plates with a thickness of 0.8 mm were welded using pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding (LBW) and gas tungsten arc welding (TIG), respectively. Residual distortions, weld geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints produced with LBW and TIG welding were compared. During the tensile test, with the aid of a high speed infrared camera, evolution of the plastic strain within tensile specimens corresponding to LBW and TIG welding were recorded and analyzed. Compared with the TIG, the welded joint by LBW has the characters of small overall residual distortion, fine microstructure, narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ), high Vickers hardness. LBW welding method can produce joints with higher strength and ductility. It can be concluded that Pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding is much more suitable for welding the thin Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plate than TIG welding.

  14. Effects of the [OC6F5] moiety upon structural geometry: crystal structures of half-sandwich tantalum(V) aryloxide complexes from reaction of Cp*Ta(N(t)Bu)(CH2R)2 with pentafluorophenol.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cole, Jacqueline M; Chan, Michael C W; Gibson, Vernon C; Howard, Judith A K

    2011-10-01

    The synthesis, chemical and structural characterization of a series of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) tantalum imido complexes and aryloxide derivatives are presented. Specifically, the imido complexes Cp*Ta(N(t)Bu)(CH(2)R)(2), where R = Ph [dibenzyl(tert-butylamido) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(IV) (1)], Me(2)Ph [tert-butylamido)bis(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(IV) (2)], CMe(3) [(tert-butylamido)bis(2,2-dimethylpropyl) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(IV) (3)], are reported. The crystal structure of (3) reveals α-agostic interactions with the Ta atom. The resulting increase in the tantalum core coordination improves electronic stability. As such it does not react with pentafluorophenol, in contrast to the other two reported imido complexes [(1) and (2)]. Addition of C(6)F(5)OH to (1) yields a dimeric aryl-oxide derivative, [Cp*Ta(CH(2)Ph)(OC(6)H(5))(μ-O)](2) [di-μ-oxido-bis[benzyl(pentafluorophenolato) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(V)] (4)]. Its crystal structure reveals long Ta-O(C(6)H(5)) bonds but short oxo-bridging Ta-O bonds. This is explained by accounting for the fierce electronic competition for the vacant d(π) orbitals of the electrophilic Ta(V) centre. Steric congestion around each metal is alleviated by a large twist angle (77.1°) between the benzyl and pentafluorophenyl ligands and the ordering of each of these groups into stacked pairs. The imido complex (2) reacts with C(6)F(5)OH to produce a mixture of Cp*Ta(OC(6)F(5))(4) [tetrakis(pentafluorophenolato)(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(V) (5)] and [Cp*Ta(OC(6)F(5))(2)(μ-O)](2) [di-μ-oxido-bis[bis(pentafluorophenolato)(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(V)] (6)]. Steric congestion is offset in both cases by the twisting of its pentafluorophenyl ligands. Particularly strong electronic competition for the empty d(π) metal orbitals in (6) is reflected in its bond geometry, and owes itself to the

  15. An Investigation on the Wear Resistance and Fatigue Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V Notched Members Coated with Hydroxyapatite Coatings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reza H Oskouei

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available In this study, surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy coated with hydroxyapatite coatings were investigated. Wear resistance and fatigue behaviour of samples with coating thicknesses of 10 and 50 µm as well as uncoated samples were examined. Wear experiments demonstrated that the friction factor of the uncoated titanium decreased from 0.31 to 0.06, through a fluctuating trend, after 50 cycles of wear tests. However, the friction factor of both the coated samples (10 and 50 µm gradually decreased from 0.20 to 0.12 after 50 cycles. At the end of the 50th cycle, the penetration depth of the 10 and 50 µm coated samples were 7.69 and 6.06 µm, respectively. Fatigue tests showed that hydroxyapatite coatings could improve fatigue life of a notched Ti-6Al-4V member in both low and high cycle fatigue zones. It was understood, from fractography of the fracture surfaces, that the fatigue zone of the uncoated specimens was generally smaller in comparison with that of the coated specimens. No significant difference was observed between the fatigue life of coated specimens with 10 and 50 µm thicknesses.

  16. Surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy part I: Surface roughness and apparent surface free energy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yan, Yingdi; Chibowski, Emil; Szcześ, Aleksandra, E-mail: aszczes@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl

    2017-01-01

    Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are the most often used implants material in dental treatment and orthopedics. Topography and wettability of its surface play important role in film formation, protein adhesion, following osseointegration and even duration of inserted implant. In this paper, we prepared Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples using different smoothing and polishing materials as well the air plasma treatment, on which contact angles of water, formamide and diiodomethane were measured. Then the apparent surface free energy was calculated using four different approaches (CAH, LWAB, O-W and Neumann's Equation of State). From LWAB approach the components of surface free energy were obtained, which shed more light on the wetting properties of samples surface. The surface roughness of the prepared samples was investigated with the help of optical profilometer and AFM. It was interesting whether the surface roughness affects the apparent surface free energy. It was found that both polar interactions the electron donor parameter of the energy and the work of water adhesion increased with decreasing roughness of the surfaces. Moreover, short time plasma treatment (1 min) caused decrease in the surface hydrophilic character, while longer time (10 min) treatment caused significant increase in the polar interactions and the work of water adhesion. Although Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been investigated many times, to our knowledge, so far no paper has been published in which surface roughness and changes in the surface free energy of the alloy were compared in the quantitative way in such large extent. This novel approach deliver better knowledge about the surface properties of differently smoothed and polished samples which may be helpful to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization. Therefore the results obtained present also potentially practical meaning. - Highlights: • Surface of five Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were smoothed and polished successively. • The

  17. Laser shock peening of titanium 6-4 alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brar, N.S.; Hopkins, A.; Laber, M.W.

    2000-01-01

    Laser shock peening of titanium 6-4 has been shown to improve its high cycle fatigue life. Residual compressive stresses generated on the surface of titanium 6-4, as a result of laser shocking, have shown dramatic improvement in the performance of aircraft turbine blades. Laser shocking of titanium was carried out with a 20 ns pulse width, 50 joule pulsed laser, operated by LSP Technologies, Columbus, OH. Titanium disks, 20-mm in diameter, and ranging in thicknesses from zero (bare LiF) to 3-mm were subjected to laser shock to monitor amplitude and temporal stress profiles of the pulsed laser. Laser shock stress amplitudes on the back of titanium disks were monitored with VISAR using LiF as the window material. The peak shock stress produced in LiF (titanium thickness zero) was measured to be 16±1 GPa. The laser shock amplitude decays to about 2.7 GPa while propagating through 3-mm thick disk of titanium 6-4

  18. Osseointegration of KrF laser hydroxylapatite films on Ti6A14V alloy by mini-pigs: loaded osseointegration of dental implants

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dostalova, Tatjana; Jelinek, Miroslav; Himmlova, Lucia; Grivas, Christos

    1999-05-01

    Aim of study was to evaluate osseointegration of the KrF laser hydroxyapatite coated titanium alloy Ti6Al4V dental implants. For deposition KrF excimer laser in stainless- steel deposition chamber was used. Thickness of HA films were round 1 μm . Mini-pigs were used in this investigation. Implants were placed vertically into the lower jaw. After 14 weeks unloaded osseointegration the metal ceramic crowns were inserted. the experimental animals were sacrificed (1 year post insertion). The vertical position of implants was controlled with a radiograph. Microscopical sections were cut and ground. Sections were viewed using microscope with CCD camera. 1 year osseointegration in lower jaw confirmed by all implants presence of newly formed bone around the all implants. Laser-deposited coating the layer of fibrous connective tissue was seen only seldom. In the control group (titamium implant without cover) the fibrous connective tissue was seen between implant and newly formed bone.

  19. The Possibility Of Use Of Laser-Modified Ti6Al4V Alloy In Friction Pairs In Endoprostheses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Majkowska B.

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to show results of laser treatment at cryogenic conditions of the Ti6Al4V alloy used for orthopedic applications. That modification process ought to bring beneficial changes of microstructure and residual stresses in the surface layer. The paper presents the abrasive wear of the base and laser remelted material in association with ceramics Al2O3. Despite the surface cracking after laser treatment the tribological properties in simulated body fluid have been substantially improved.

  20. Cu2+ in layered compounds: origin of the compressed geometry in the model system K2ZnF4:Cu2+.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aramburu, J A; García-Lastra, J M; García-Fernández, P; Barriuso, M T; Moreno, M

    2013-06-17

    Many relevant properties (including superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance) of layered materials containing Cu(2+), Ag(2+), or Mn(3+) ions are commonly related to the Jahn-Teller instability. Along this line, the properties of the CuF6(4-) complex in the K2ZnF4 layered perovskite have recently been analyzed using a parametrized Jahn-Teller model with an imposed strain [Reinen, D. Inorg. Chem.2012, 51, 4458]. Here, we present results of ab initio periodic supercell and cluster calculations on K2ZnF4:Cu(2+), showing unequivocally that the actual origin of the unusual compressed geometry of the CuF6(4-) complex along the crystal c axis in that tetragonal lattice is due to the presence of an electric field due to the crystal surrounding the impurity. Our calculations closely reproduce the experimental optical spectrum. The calculated values of the equilibrium equatorial and axial Cu(2+)-F(-) distances are, respectively, R(ax) = 193 pm and R(eq) = 204 pm, and so the calculated distortion R(ax) - R(eq) = 11 pm is three times smaller than the estimated through the parametrized Jahn-Teller model. As a salient feature, we find that if the CuF6(4-) complex would assume a perfect octahedral geometry (R(ax) = R(eq) = 203 pm) the antibonding a(1g)*(∼3z(2) - r(2)) orbital is placed above b(1g)*(∼x(2) - y(2)) with a transition energy E((2)A(1g) → (2)B(1g)) = 0.34 eV. This surprising fact stresses that about half the experimental value E((2)A(1g) → (2)B(1g)) = 0.70 eV is not due to the small shortening of the axial Cu(2+)-F(-) distance, but it comes from the electric field, E(R)(r), created by the rest of the lattice ions on the CuF6(4-) complex. This internal field, displaying tetragonal symmetry, is thus responsible for the compressed geometry in K2ZnF4:Cu(2+) and the lack of symmetry breaking behind the ligand relaxation. Moreover, we show that the electronic energy gain in this process comes from bonding orbitals and not from antibonding ones. The present

  1. Tribological investigations of surface treated Ti6Al4V

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rueck, D.M.; Schminke, A.; Schmidt, H.; Soltani-Farshi, M.; Baumann, H.; Fink, U.; Richter, E.

    1998-05-01

    The tribological couple of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used for hip and knee joint prostheses. It is known that surface treatment of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by ion implantation of various elements can improve the wear behavior of such prostheses. The results of tribological tests, performed in Ringer solution with a ring-on-disc tester, show that oxygen in the implanted near surface region has a pronounced influence on the wear performance. Oxygen can be introduced into the surface by different mechanisms: either by direct implantation of oxygen ions or by indiffusion during the implantation of other elements like nitrogen or carbon at higher temperatures. The influence of the oxygen content in the near surface region of implanted and nonimplanted Ti6Al4V on the tribological performance is discussed in detail. (orig.)

  2. Strength-Ductility Property Maps of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: A Critical Review of Processing-Structure-Property Relationships

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, P.; Chandran, K. S. Ravi

    2017-05-01

    A comprehensive assessment of tensile properties of powder metallurgical (PM) processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy, through the mapping of strength-ductility property domains, is performed in this review. Tensile property data of PM Ti-6Al-4V alloys made from blended element (BE) and pre-alloyed powders including that additive manufactured (AM) from powders, as well as that made using titanium hydride powders, have been mapped in the form of strength-ductility domains. Based on this, porosity and microstructure have been identified as the dominant variables controlling both the strength and the tensile ductility of the final consolidated materials. The major finding is that tensile ductility of the PM titanium is most sensitive to the presence of pores. The significance of extreme-sized pores or defects in inducing large variations in ductility is emphasized. The tensile strength, however, has been found to depend only weakly on the porosity. The effect of microstructure on properties is masked by the variations in porosity and to some extent by the oxygen level. It is shown that any meaningful comparison of the microstructure can only be made under a constant porosity or density level. The beneficial effect of a refined microstructure is also brought out by logically organizing the data in terms of microstructure groups. The advantages of new processes, using titanium hydride powder to produce PM titanium alloys, in simultaneously increasing strength and ductility, are also highlighted. The tensile properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V alloys are also brought to light, in comparison with the other PM and wrought alloys, through the strength-ductility maps.

  3. Strain localization during tensile Hopkinson bar testing of commercially pure titanium and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moćko Wojciech

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The goal of the analysis was to determine the strain localization for various specimen shapes (type A and type B according to PN-EN ISO 26203-1 standard and different loading conditions, i.e. quasi- static and dynamic. Commercially pure titanium (Grade 2 and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Grade 5 were selected for the tests. Tensile loadings were applied out using servo-hydraulic testing machine and tensile Hopkinson bar with pre-tension. The results were recorded using ARAMIS system cameras and fast camera Phantom V1210, respectively at quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Further, specimens outline was determined on the basis of video data using TEMA MOTION software. The strain distribution on the specimen surface was estimated using digital image correlation method. The larger radius present in the specimen of type B in comparison to specimen of type A, results in slight increase of the elongation for commercially pure titanium at both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. However this effect disappears for Ti6Al4V alloy. The increase of the elongation corresponds to the stronger necking effect. Material softening due to increase of temperature induced by plastic work was observed at dynamic loading conditions. Moreover lower elongation at fracture point was found at high strain rates for both materials.

  4. Investigation into the MgF2-NiF2, CaF2-NiF2, SrF2-NiF2 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ikrami, D.D.; Petrov, S.V.; Fedorov, P.P.; Ol'khovaya, L.A.; Luginina, A.A.; AN SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Fizicheskikh Problem; AN SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Kristallografii)

    1984-01-01

    Using the methods of differential thermal and X-ray phase analyses the systems MgF 2 -NiF 2 , CaF 2 -NiF 2 , SrF 2 -NiF 2 have been studied. In the system SrF 2 -NiF 2 the only orthorhombic compounds SrNiF 4 (a=14.43; b=3.93; c=5.66 (+-0.01 A)) is formed. SrNiF 4 density constitutes: dsub(X-ray)=4.60+-0.01 g/cm 3 , dsub(exp.)=4.60+-0.03 g/cm 3 . Refraction indices are as follows SrNiF 4 :Ng=1.500; Nsub(m)=1.497; Nsub(p)=1.479. SrNiF 4 magnetic ordering temperature Tsub(N) approximately 100 K

  5. Excitation functions of alpha particles induced nuclear reactions on natural titanium in the energy range of 10.450.2 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Usman, Ahmed Rufai; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Haba, Hiromitsu; Otuka, Naohiko; Murakami, Masashi

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Detailed presentation of new results on experimental cross-sections of "n"a"tTi(α,x) processes. • Calculations of thick target yields for scandium and other radionuclides via the "n"a"tTi(α,x) production route. • Comparison with TENDL-2015 library. • Detailed review of previous experimental data. - Abstract: We studied the excitation functions of residual radionuclide productions from α particles bombardment on natural titanium in the energy range of 10.450.2 MeV. A well-established stacked-foil activation technique combined with HPGe γ-ray spectrometry was used to measure the excitation functions for the "5"1","4"9","4"8Cr, "4"8V, "4"3K, and "4"3","4"4"m","4"4"g","4"6"g"+"m","4"7","4"8Sc radionuclides. The thick target yields for all assessed radionuclides were also calculated. The obtained experimental data were compared with the earlier experimental ones and also with the evaluated data in the TENDL-2015 library. A reasonable agreement was found between this work and some of the previous ones, while a partial agreement was found with the evaluated data. The present results would further enrich the experimental database and facilitate the understanding of existing discrepancies among the previous measurements. The results would also help to enhance the prediction capability of the nuclear reaction model codes.

  6. Mg-containing hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy for dental materials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Ji-Min; Choe, Han-Cheol

    2018-02-01

    In this study, Mg-containing hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti-6A1-4 V alloy for dental materials were researched using various experimental instruments. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was performed in electrolytes containing Mg (symbols of specimens: CaP, 5M%, 10M%, and 20M%) at 280 V for 3 min. The electrolyte used for PEO was produced by mixing Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O, C3H7NaCaO6P, and MgCl2·6H2O. The phases and composition of the oxide films were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The irregularity of the surface, pore size, and number of pores decreased as the Mg concentration increased. The ratio of the areas occupied and not occupied by pores decreased as the Mg concentration increased, with the numbers of both large and small pores decreasing with increasing Mg concentration. The number of particles on the internal surfaces of pores was increased as the Mg content increased. Mg content of all samples containing Mg ions showed higher in the pore outside than that of pore inside, whereas the Ca content was higher inside the pores. The P content of samples with the addition of Mg ions showed higher values inside the pores than outside. The Ca/P and [Mg + Ca]/P molar ratios in the PEO films decreased with Mg content. The crystallite size of anatase was increased with increasing Mg concentration in the solution.

  7. Diaqua{6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne]diphenolato-κ2O,N,N′,O′}manganese(III perchlorate 18-crown-6 hemisolvate monohydrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ming-Ming Yu

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available In the cation of the title compound, [Mn(C18H18N2O4(H2O2]ClO4·0.5C12H24O6·H2O, the MnIII ion is coordinated by two water O atoms, and two O atoms and two N atoms from the tetradentate 6,6′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne]diphenolate ligand, completing a distorted octahedral geometry. One O atom of the 18-crown-6-ether is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.70 (2 and 0.30 (2.

  8. N-(4-Bromobenzyl-2-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imid-azol-2-ylbenzeneamine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monika Dziełak

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available N-(4-Bromobenzyl-2-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylbenzeneamine was obtained by condensation of N-(4-bromobenzyl-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4-dione (N-(4-bromobenzylisatoic anhydride with 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine in refluxing acetic acid. This is a rare example of condensation of N-substituted 3,1-benzoxazine-2,4-dione with 1,2-phenylenediamine, which resulted in the formation of a benzimidazole derivative with a moderate yield. Crystallographic studies and initial biological screening were performed for the obtained product.

  9. Enhanced electrochemical properties of F-doped Li2MnSiO4/C for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chao; Xu, Youlong; Sun, Xiaofei; Zhang, Baofeng; Chen, Yanjun; He, Shengnan

    2018-02-01

    The Li2MnSiO4 as a novel cathode material for lithium ion batteries, performs high specific capacity, high thermal stability, low cost and etc. However, it suffers from relatively low electronic conductivity and lithium ion diffusion rate. Herein, we successfully introduce fluorine to Li2MnSiO4 (Li2MnSiO4-xFx, x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) to overcome these obstacles. The results show that F doping not only enlarges the lattice parameters but also decreases the particle size, synergistically improving the lithium ion diffusion of Li2MnSiO4. Moreover, F doping increase electronic conductivity of Li2MnSiO4/C by inhibiting the formation of C-O bonds in the carbon layers. Meanwhile, F doping improves the crystallinity and stabilizes the crystal structure of Li2MnSiO4. Finally, the Li2MnSiO3.97F0.03/C with the best electrochemical performances delivers the initial specific discharge capacity of 279 mA h g-1 at 25mA g-1 current density from 1.5 V to 4.8 V. Also, it maintains a higher capacity (201 mA h g-1) than F-free Li2MnSiO4 (145 mA h g-1) after 50 cycles.

  10. Cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(N-N)(P-P)]PF6 complexes: Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity: (BzCN=benzonitrile; N-N=2,2'-bipyridine; 1,10-phenanthroline; P-P=1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino) butane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, or 1,1'-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, Flávia de C; Lima, Benedicto A V; de Lima, Aliny P; Pires, Wanessa C; Monteiro, Thallita; Magalhães, Lorena F; Costa, Wanderson; Graminha, Angélica E; Batista, Alzir A; Ellena, Javier; Siveira-Lacerda, Elisângela de P

    2015-08-01

    The motivation to use ruthenium complexes in cancer treatment has led our research group to synthesize complexes with this metal and test them against several types of tumor cells, yielding promising results. In this paper the results of biological tests, assessed by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, were carried out on the complexes cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppe)]PF6 (1), cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (2), cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(bipy)(dppf)]PF6 (3) and cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 (4) which are described [BzCN = b enzonitrile; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane; dppb = 1,4-bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane; dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]. The present study is focused on the cytotoxic activity of complexes (1)-(4) against four tumor cell lines and on the apoptosis and changes in the cell cycle and gene expression observed in the sarcoma 180 (S180) tumor cell line treated with complex (1). The results demonstrated that this complex inhibits S180 cell growth, with an IC50 of 17.02 ± 8.21 μM, while exhibiting lower cytotoxicity (IC50 = 53.73 ± 5.71 μM) towards lymphocytes (normal cells). Flow cytometry revealed that the complex inhibits the growth of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by an increase in the proportion of cells positive for annexin V staining and G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. Further investigation showed that complex (1) induces a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential and provokes a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and increase in caspase 3 activation, while the increased activation of caspase 8 caused a decrease in the gene expression in caspases 3 and 9. Increases in Tp53 and Bax expressions were also observed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. In-situ study of surface relief due to cubic-tetragonal martensitic transformation in Mn_6_9_._4Fe_2_6_._0Cu_4_._6 antiferromagnetic shape memory alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, C.; Yuan, F.; Gen, Z.; Wang, L.; Cui, Y.G.; Wan, J.F.; Zhang, J.H.; Rong, Y.H.

    2016-01-01

    Temperature-dependence surface relief during cubic↔tetragonal martensitic transformation (MT) in Mn_6_9_._4Fe_2_6_._0Cu_4_._6 antiferromegnetic shape memory alloy was studied by means of in-situ atomic force microscopy. The surface morphology memory effect was found and the crystallography reversibility of the transformation and its shearing characters were directly verified. Twin shearing is suggested as the main mechanism of formation of tent-type surface relief. The surface relief angle (θ_α|θ_β)<0.5° was firstly measured and might be the smallest compared with that in other shape memory alloys. A Landau model was proposed to consider the shearing strain related with surface relief of MT varying with the coupling effect between second-order antiferromagnetic transition and first-order MT. According to this model, the Mn_6_9_._4Fe_2_6_._0Cu_4_._6 alloy belongs to the weak coupling system and this kind of weak coupling effect makes the main contribution to the small relief angle. - Highlights: • Temperature-dependence surface relief in Mn-Fe-Cu alloy was firstly studied. • The surface morphology memory effect in Mn-Fe-Cu alloy was found. • Smallest surface relief angle (θ_α|θ_β).

  12. A modified parallel constitutive model for elevated temperature flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy based on multiple regression

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cai, Jun; Shi, Jiamin; Wang, Kuaishe; Wang, Wen; Wang, Qingjuan; Liu, Yingying [Xi' an Univ. of Architecture and Technology, Xi' an (China). School of Metallurgical Engineering; Li, Fuguo [Northwestern Polytechnical Univ., Xi' an (China). School of Materials Science and Engineering

    2017-07-15

    Constitutive analysis for hot working of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was carried out by using experimental stress-strain data from isothermal hot compression tests. A new kind of constitutive equation called a modified parallel constitutive model was proposed by considering the independent effects of strain, strain rate and temperature. The predicted flow stress data were compared with the experimental data. Statistical analysis was introduced to verify the validity of the developed constitutive equation. Subsequently, the accuracy of the proposed constitutive equations was evaluated by comparing with other constitutive models. The results showed that the developed modified parallel constitutive model based on multiple regression could predict flow stress of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with good correlation and generalization.

  13. Development and characterization of laser clad high temperature self-lubricating wear resistant composite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Xiu-Bo; Meng, Xiang-Jun; Liu, Hai-Qing; Shi, Gao-Lian; Wu, Shao-Hua; Sun, Cheng-Feng; Wang, Ming-Di; Qi, Long-Hao

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel high temperature self-lubricating anti-wear composite coating was fabricated. • Reinforced carbides as well as self-lubricating sulfides were in situ synthesized. • Microhardness of the Ti–6Al–4V substrate was significantly improved. • Friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite coating were greatly reduced. - Abstract: To enhance the wear resistance and friction-reducing capability of titanium alloy, a process of laser cladding γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC + TiWC 2 /CrS + Ti 2 CS coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrate with preplaced NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 –WS 2 mixed powders was studied. A novel coating without cracks and few pores was obtained in a proper laser processing. The composition and microstructure of the fabricated coating were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, and tribological properties were evaluated using a ball-on-disc tribometer under dry sliding wear test conditions at 20 °C (room-temperature), 300 °C, 600 °C, respectively. The results show that the coating has unique microstructure consisting of α-Ti, TiC, TiWC 2 , γ-NiCrAlTi, Ti 2 CS and CrS phases. Average microhardness of the composite coating is 1005 HV 0.2 , which is about 3-factor higher than that of Ti–6Al–4V substrate (360 HV 0.2 ). The friction coefficient and wear rate of the coating are greatly decreased due to the combined effects of the dominating anti-wear capabilities of reinforced TiC and TiWC 2 carbides and the CrS and Ti 2 CS sulfides which have excellent self-lubricating property

  14. SCC and Corrosion Fatigue characterization of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a corrosive environment – experiments and numerical models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Baragetti

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available In the present article, a review of the complete characterization in different aggressive media of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, performed by the Structural Mechanics Laboratory of the University of Bergamo, is presented. The light alloy has been investigated in terms of corrosion fatigue, by axial fatigue testing (R = 0.1 of smooth and notched flat dogbone specimens in laboratory air, 3.5% wt. NaCl–water mixture and methanol–water mixture at different concentrations. The first corrosive medium reproduced a marine environment, while the latter was used as a reference aggressive environment. Results showed that a certain corrosion fatigue resistance is found in a salt water medium, while the methanol environment caused a significant drop – from 23% to 55% in terms of limiting stress reduction – of the fatigue resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, even for a solution containing 5% of methanol. A Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC experimental campaign at different methanol concentrations has been conducted over slightly notched dog-bone specimens (Kt = 1.18, to characterize the corrosion resistance of the alloy under quasi-static load conditions. Finally, crack propagation models have been implemented to predict the crack propagation rates for smooth specimens, by using Paris, Walker and Kato-Deng-Inoue-Takatsu propagation formulae. The different outcomes from the forecasting numerical models were compared with experimental results, proposing modeling procedures for the numerical simulation of fatigue behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

  15. 2',3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl suppresses fMLP-induced superoxide anion production and cathepsin G release by targeting the β-subunit of G-protein in human neutrophils.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liao, Hsiang-Ruei; Chen, Ih-Sheng; Liu, Fu-Chao; Lin, Shinn-Zhi; Tseng, Ching-Ping

    2018-06-15

    This study investigates the effect and the underlying mechanism of 2',3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl (RIR-2), a lignan extracted from the roots of Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. ex Ker var. tashiroi Hayata ex Matsum. & Hayata (Rosaceae), on N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced respiratory burst and cathepsin G in human neutrophils. Signaling pathways regulated by RIR-2 which modulated fMLP-induced respiratory burst were evaluated by an interaction between β subunit of G-protein (Gβ) with downstream signaling induced by fMLP and by immunoblotting analysis of the downstream targets of Gβ-protein. RIR-2 inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production (IC 50 :2.57 ± 0.22 μM), cathepsin G release (IC 50 :18.72 ± 3.76 μM) and migration in a concentration dependent manner. RIR-2 specifically suppresses fMLP-induced Src family kinases phosphorylation by inhibiting the interaction between Gβ-protein with Src kinases without inhibiting Src kinases activities, therefore, RIR-2 attenuated the downstream targets of Src kinase, such as phosphorylation of Raf/ERK, AKT, P38, PLCγ2, PKC and translocation Tec, p47 ph ° x and P40 ph ° x from the cytosol to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Furthermore, RIR-2 attenuated fMLP-induced intracellular calcium mobilization by inhibiting the interaction between Gβ-protein with PLCβ2. RIR-2 was not a competitive or allosteric antagonist of fMLP. On the contrary, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced phosphorylation of Src, AKT, P38, PKC and membrane localization of p47 ph ° x and P40 ph ° x remained unaffected. RIR-2 specifically modulates fMLP-mediated neutrophil superoxide anion production and cathepsin G release by inhibiting the interaction between Gβ-protein with downstream signaling which subsequently interferes with the activation of intracellular calcium, PLCγ2, AKT, p38, PKC, ERK, p47 ph ° x and p40 phox . Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Heat treatments and low temperature fracture toughness of a Ti-6A1-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagai, K.; Hiraga, K.; Ishikawa, K.; Ogata, T.

    1984-01-01

    Titanium alloy is one of the reliable structural materials for cryogenic use owing to its high strength, high specific strength and low thermal conductivity. Heat treatment is one method of controlling the normally poor fracture toughness of this alloy at ambient temperature. However, there have been few attempts to improve the low temperature fracture toughness by heat treatment. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of heat treatments on the low temperature fracture toughness in a Ti-6A1-4V alloy. The effects of the heat treatments were as follows: the beta treatment was a very feasible method to improve the low temperature fracture properties; the alpha+beta treatment was favorable for the increment in the low temperature ductility but did not largely improve the fracture toughness; the double treatment yielded good ductility but was not useful for improving the fracture toughness

  17. MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: A multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 2

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jarius, Sven; Ruprecht, Klemens; Kleiter, Ingo

    2016-01-01

    ), and electrophysiological features of a large cohort of MOG-IgG-positive patients with optic neuritis (ON) and/or myelitis (n=50) as well as attack and long-term treatment outcomes. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study. Results: The sex ratio was 1:2.8 (m:f). Median age at onset was 31years (range 6-70). The disease......; end-of-dose relapses occurred 9-12 months after the first infusion. Coexisting autoimmunity was rare (9%). Wingerchuk's 2006 and 2015 criteria for NMO(SD) and Barkhof and McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) were met by 28%, 32%, 15%, 33%, respectively; MS had been suspected in 36%. Disease...... severe disease course and the short median time to second attack support the use of prophylactic long-term treatments in patients with MOG-IgG-positive ON and/or myelitis. © 2016 The Author(s)....

  18. Production of Al-Ti-B grain refining master alloys from Na2B4O7 and K2TiF6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Birol, Yuecel

    2008-01-01

    It is very desirable to replace the KBF 4 salt in the popular 'halide salt' process to reduce the volume of fluoride salts to be added to molten aluminium in the production of Al-Ti-B grain refiners. Being over 2 times richer in B, Na 2 B 4 O 7 is a promising replacement for KBF 4 , and is used in the present work to produce Al-Ti-B grain refiner master alloys. A fraction of the aluminide particles were entrapped in the spent salt giving a relatively lower Ti recovery when KBF 4 was replaced by Na 2 B 4 O 7 . The grain refining performance of the Al-Ti-B grain refiner alloy thus produced was nevertheless acceptable. The spent salt became too viscous with the oxides, aluminides and borides to be removed by decanting when Na 2 B 4 O 7 .5H 2 O was used to supply boron. The viscous spent salt, entrained in the grain refiner alloy, did not only impair its performance, but also hurt the fluidity of the molten alloy and made pouring difficult

  19. Molecular genetic tests for JAK2V617F, Exon12_JAK2 and MPLW515K/L are highly informative in the evaluation of patients suspected to have BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    dos Santos, Marcos Tadeu; Mitne-Neto, Miguel; Miyashiro, Kozue; Chauffaille, Maria de Lourdes L Ferrari; Rizzatti, Edgar Gil

    2014-02-01

    Polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF), are the most common myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in patients without the BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement. They are caused by clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells and share, as a diagnostic criterion, the identification of JAK2V617F mutation. Classically, when other clinical criteria are present, a JAK2V617F negative case requires the analysis of Exon12_JAK2 for the diagnosis of PV, and of MPL515K/L mutations for the diagnosis of ET and MF. Here, we evaluated 78 samples from Brazilian patients suspected to have MPN, without stratification for PV, ET or MF. We found that 28 (35.9%) are JAK2V617F carriers; from the 50 remaining samples, one (2%) showed an Exon12_JAK2 mutation, and another (2%) was positive for MPLW515L mutation. In summary, the investigation of JAK2V617F, Exon12_JAK2 and MPLW515K/L was relevant for the diagnosis of 38.4% of patients suspected to have BCR-ABL1-negative MPN, suggesting that molecular genetic tests are useful for a quick and unequivocal diagnosis of MPN.

  20. Specific electrical conductivity in molten potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 - An electrolyte for water electrolysis at ∼300°C

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nikiforov, Aleksey Valerievich; Berg, Rolf W.; Petrushina, Irina

    2016-01-01

    The conductivity of pure molten KH2PO4 salt and four mixtures with more or less water (KH2PO4-H2O and KH2PO4-KPO3 systems, respectively) were measured at temperatures of 240-320°C and under their own water vapor pressures. Molten KH2PO4 has been proven to be a promising electrolyte for an elevated...... temperature pressurized water electrolyzer demonstrating high conductivity of ∼0.30Scm-1 at 300°C. The conductivity data are given as polynomial functions of temperature and composition. The melting point of the pure salt under its own water vapor pressure was determined to be ∼272°C....

  1. Creep-rupture behavior of 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel, Alloy 800H and Hastelloy Alloy X in a simulated HTGR helium environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lai, G.Y.; Wolwowicz, R.J.

    1979-12-01

    Creep-rupture testing was conducted on 1 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel, Alloy 800H and Hastelloy Alloy X in flowing helium containing nominal concentration of following gases: 1500 μatm H 2 , 450 μatm CO, 50 μatm CH 4 , 50 μatm H 2 O and 5 μatm CO 2 . This environment is believed to represent maximum permissible levels of impurities in the primary coolant for the steam-cycle system of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) when it is operating continuously with a water and/or steam leak at technical specification limits. Two or three heats of material for each alloy were investigated. Tests were conducted at 482 0 C and 760 0 C (1200 0 F and 1400 0 F) for Alloy 800H, and at 760 0 C and 871 0 C (1400 0 F and 1600 0 F) for Hastelloy Alloy X for times up to 10,000 h. Selected tests were performed on same heat of material in both air and helium environments to make a direct comparison of creep-rupture behaviors between two environments. Metallurgical evaluation was performed on selected post test specimens with respect to gas-metal interactions which included oxidation, carburization and/or decarburization. Correlation between gaseous corrosion and creep-rupture behavior was attempted. Limited tests were also performed to investigate the specimen size effects on creep-rupture behavior in the helium environment

  2. High strain rate tensile behavior of Al-4.8Cu-1.2Mg alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bobbili, Ravindranadh; Paman, Ashish; Madhu, V.

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of the current study is to perform quasi static and high strain rate tensile tests on Al-4.8Cu-1.2Mg alloy under different strain rates ranging from 0.01–3500/s and also at temperatures of 25,100, 200 and 300 °C. The combined effect of strain rate, temperature and stress triaxiality on the material behavior is studied by testing both smooth and notched specimens. Johnson–Cook (J–C) constitutive and fracture models are established based on high strain rate tensile data obtained from Split hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) and quasi-static tests. By modifying the strain hardening and strain rate hardening terms in the Johnson–Cook (J–C) constitutive model, a new J–C constitutive model of Al-4.8Cu-1.2Mg alloy was obtained. The improved Johnson–Cook constitutive model matched the experiment results very well. With the Johnson–Cook constitutive and fracture models, numerical simulations of tensile tests at different conditions for Al-4.8Cu-1.2Mg alloy were conducted. Numerical simulations are performed using a non-linear explicit finite element code autodyn. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical simulation results and the experiment results. The fracture surfaces of specimens tested under various strain rates and temperatures were studied under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

  3. 40 CFR 721.4575 - L-aspartic acid, N,N′- [(1E) - 1,2 - ethenediylbis[(3-sulfo-4, 1-phenylene)imino [6-(phenylamino...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false L-aspartic acid, N,Nâ²- [(1E) - 1,2... Substances § 721.4575 L-aspartic acid, N,N′- [(1E) - 1,2 - ethenediylbis[(3-sulfo-4, 1-phenylene)imino [6... uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as l-aspartic acid, N,N′- [(1E) - 1,2...

  4. Density of liquid Ti-6Al-4V

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schmon Alexander

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Ti-6Al-4V is due to its high strength-density ratio a commonly used alloy in aerospace industry applications. But liquid phase data are scarce as preventing contaminations of the reactive high temperature melt during the investigation process poses a challenge. The thermophysical quantity density is of special interest since it is necessary input parameter in modern numerical casting and solidification simulations. Liquid phase density of Ti-6Al-4V as function of temperature was determined employing a fast resistive pulse-heating technique based on the approach to avoid contaminations of the specimen by extremely reducing the experimental duration of the investigation process. Temperature dependent density of liquid Ti-6Al-4V was determined in a temperature range between 2050 K and 2590 K and is presented.

  5. The effect of Pd on martensitic transformation and magnetic properties for Ni50Mn38−xPdxSn12Heusler alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Jing

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available In the past decade, Mn rich Ni-Mn based alloys have attained considerable attention due to their abundant physics and potential application as multifunctional materials. In this paper, polycrystalline Ni50Mn38−xPdxSn12 (x = 0, 2, 4, 6 Heusler alloys have been prepared, and the martensitic phase transformation (MPT together with the shape memory effect and the magnetocaloric effect has been investigated. The experimental result indicates that the MPT evidently shifts to a lower temperature with increase of Pd substitution for Mn atoms, which can be attributed to the weakness of the hybridization between the Ni atom and excess Mn on the Sn site rather than the electron concentration. The physics properties study focused on the sample of Ni50Mn34Pd4Sn12 shows a good two-way shape memory behavior, and the maximum value of strain Δ L/L reaches about 0.13% during the MPT. The small of both entropy change Δ ST and magnetostrain can be ascribed to the inconspicuous influence of magnetic field induced MPT.

  6. rac-6-Hydroxy-4-(4-nitrophenyl-5-(2-thienylcarbonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H-one monohydrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jian-Li Zhang

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available The title compound, C16H12F3N3O5S·H2O, was prepared by reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(thiophen-2-ylbutane-1,3-dione and urea. The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules, with essentially identical geometries and conformations. The dihydropyrimidine rings adopt a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the thiophene ring are 54.82 (8 and 58.72 (8° in the two molecules. The molecular conformation of one of the molecules is stabilized by two intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating an S(6 ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

  7. An ingenious strategy of preparing TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst: In situ growth of TiO2 nanocrystals on g-C3N4 nanosheets via impregnation-calcination method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Guanghui; Zhang, Tianyong; Li, Bin; Jiang, Shuang; Zhang, Xia; Hai, Li; Chen, Xingwei; Wu, Wubin

    2018-03-01

    An ingenious method was employed to design and fabricate the TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts in this study. The thermal oxidation etching of g-C3N4 nanosheets and the in situ growth of TiO2 nanocrystal on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets were completed simultaneously by the calcination process. The g-C3N4 nanosheets played a crucial role in regulating and assembling the structures and morphologies of TiO2. Furthermore, the thickness and content of g-C3N4, and the crystallinity of TiO2 in TiO2/g-C3N4 composites could be regulated and controlled by the calcination temperature. Among the resultant TiO2/g-C3N4 samples, the TiO2/g-C3N4 sample with 41.6 wt% g-C3N4 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. It could degrade almost all MO molecules under visible light irradiation within 3 h. Moreover, it displayed higher visible light photocatalytic performance for degrading MO solution than pure g-C3N4 and D-TiO2. The synergistic effect between TiO2 and g-C3N4 makes significant contributions to the enhancement of the visible light photocatalytic activity. In addition, the favorable photocatalytic performance of TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites is also attributed to the porous structures and uniform morphologies, and large surface area. Furthermore, the resultant TiO2/g-C3N4 exhibits excellent photocatalytic stability. Radical trapping experiments indicated that rad O2- and h+ were the main reactive species during the photodegradation process under visible light irradiation. Hopefully, the results can offer new design and strategy for preparing other g-C3N4-based nanocomposites for environmental and energy applications.

  8. Quasi-bound alpha resonant states populated by the 12C(6Li, d) reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodrigues, M.R.D.; Borello-Lewin, T.; Miyake, H.; Horodynski-Matsushigue, L.B.; Duarte, J.L.M.; Rodrigues, C.L.; Souza, M.A.; Cunsolo, A.; Cappuzzello, F.; Foti, A.; Agodi, C.; Cavallaro, M.; Ukita, G.M.

    2012-01-01

    Full text: The alpha cluster phenomenon in the light nuclei structure has been the subject of a long time investigation since the proposal of the Ikeda diagrams [1]. The main purpose of the research program in progress is the investigation of this phenomenon in (xα) and (xα+n) nuclei through the ( 6 Li, d) alpha transfer reaction [2-4]. Alpha resonant states around the (4α) threshold in the nucleus 16 O are the focus of the present contribution. In fact, the importance of these resonances at the elements production in stars is recognized, as primarily pointed out by Hoyle in 12 C [6]. The existence of a rotational band with the α + 12 C (Hoyle) cluster state structure was recently demonstrated by Ohkubo and Hirabayashi [6]. In order to explore this region of interest, measurements of the 12 C( 6 Li, d) 16 O reaction up to 17 MeV of excitation at an incident energy of 25.5 MeV, have been performed employing the Sao Paulo Pelletron-Enge Split-Pole facility and the nuclear emulsion detection technique (plates Fuji G6B, 50 μm thick). Spectra associated with six scattering angles, from 5 deg to 29 deg in the laboratory frame, each one 50 cm along the focal surface, were measured. Several narrow resonances with a quasi-bound behavior embedded in the continuum were detected and the resolution of 25 keV allowed for the separation of doublets not resolved before [7,8]. The absolute cross sections and the respective deuteron angular distributions were determined and the analysis is in progress. [1] K. Ikeda et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. E 68, 464 (1968); H. Horiuchi, K. Ikeda, and Y. Suzuki, ibid. 44, 225 (1978). [2] M.R.D.Rodrigues et al., in12th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanism, Varenna, Italy, edited by F. Cerutti and A. Ferrari , CERN Proceedings, 2010-2, pp. 331- 335. [3] T. Borello-Lewin et al., Proceedings of SOTANCP2, Brussels, Belgium 2010, edited by P. Descouvemount et al., Int. J. Mod. Mod. Phys E 20, 1018-1021 (2011). [4] T. Borello

  9. Thermal plasma synthesis of transition metal nitrides and alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ronsheim, P.; Christensen, A.N.; Mazza, A.

    1981-01-01

    Applications of arc plasma processing to high-temperature chemistry of Group V nitrides and Si and Ge alloys are studied. The transition metal nitrides 4f-VN, 4f-NbN, and 4f-TaN are directly synthesized in a dc argon-nitrogen plasma from powders of the metals. A large excess of N 2 is required to form stoichiometric 4f-VN, while the Nb and Ta can only be synthesized with a substoichiometric N content. In a dc argon plasma the alloys V 3 Si, VSi 2 , NbSi 2 , NbGe 2 , Cr 3 Si, and Mo 3 Si are obtained from powder mixtures of the corresponding elements. The compounds are identified by x-ray diffraction patterns and particle shape and size are studied by electron microscopy

  10. Influence of laser parameters in surface texturing of Ti6Al4V and AA2024-T3 alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahuir-Torres, J. I.; Arenas, M. A.; Perrie, W.; de Damborenea, J.

    2018-04-01

    Laser texturing can be used for surface modification of metallic alloys in order to improve their properties under service conditions. The generation of textures is determined by the relationship between the laser processing parameters and the physicochemical properties of the alloy to be modified. In the present work the basic mechanism of dimple generation is studied in two alloys of technological interest, titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and aluminium alloy AA2024-T3. Laser treatment was performed using a pulsed solid state Nd: Vanadate (Nd: YVO4) laser with a pulse duration of 10 ps, operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm and 5 kHz repetition rate. Dimpled surface geometries were generated through ultrafast laser ablation while varying pulse energy between 1 μJ and 20 μJ/pulse and with pulse numbers from 10 to 200 pulses per spot. In addition, the generation of Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) nanostructures in both alloys, as well as the formation of random nanostructures in the impact zones are discussed.

  11. An unusual hybrid fluoride featuring a [V7F27]6- chain motif based on a pyrochlore-like building unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aldous, David W.; Slawin, Alexandra M.Z.; Lightfoot, Philip

    2008-01-01

    A new hybrid vanadium (III) fluoride [C 4 H 12 N 2 ] 3 [V 7 F 27 ] has been synthesised solvothermally. The crystal structure (trigonal, R3-bar c; a=17.367(2) A, c=19.604(2) A) reveals an unusual and novel chain motif consisting of pyrochlore-like heptameric units of corner-sharing octahedra, which are further linked into linear chains of alternating triple and single octahedral groups. The chains are separated by hydrogen-bonded piperazinium moieties. Magnetic susceptibility data show moderate antiferromagnetic interactions but no long-range order above 2 K, consistent with pronounced one-dimensional character, as well as frustration arising within the triangular units of magnetic ions in the chains. - Graphical abstract: A unique chain-structure vanadium(III) fluoride [C 4 H 12 N 2 ] 3 [V 7 F 27 ], based on a pyrochlore-like building unit, has been prepared solvothermally. Despite antiferromagnetic interactions, no long-range magnetic order occurs above 2 K, suggesting possible frustration

  12. In situ fabrication of novel Z-scheme Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} quantum dots/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} ultrathin nanosheets heterostructures with improved photocatalytic activity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Wei; Liu, Tian-Yu; Huang, Ting; Liu, Xiao-Heng, E-mail: xhliu@mail.njust.edu.cn; Zhu, Jun-Wu; Duan, Guo-Rong; Yang, Xu-Jie

    2015-11-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • We designed and fabricated novel Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} heterojunction structures. • Novel Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} catalysts were constructed by one-pot hydrothermal route. • The catalysts show highly efficient solar light catalytic activity. • Z-scheme mechanism was proposed to explain the enhanced catalytic activity. - Abstract: The use of solar energy is a promising means for pollution abatement or environmental remediation. In the present work, we report the design and fabrication of Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} binary heterojunction photocatalysts with highly efficient solar light response, wherein the Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs were in situ uniformly immobilized on porous g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) by one-pot hydrothermal strategy. The photocatalytic performance of the Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} NSs hybrid composites was evaluated for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). It was found that the mass ratio of Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs to g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets in the composites significantly affects the photocatalytic activity. Higher amounts of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets in Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} composites showed lower photocatalytic activity. The composite with 10 mg g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} nanosheets exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with nearly 11-fold enhancement in photocatalytic efficiency over pure Bi{sub 2}WO{sub 6} QDs. Different from previous reports, a novel Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was proposed to explain the enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency.

  13. Role of microstructure in the mean stress dependence of fatigue strength in Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ivanova, S.G.; Cohen, F.S.; Biederman, R.R.; Sisson, R.D. Jr.

    1999-07-01

    The high cycle fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with six different microstructure/texture combinations were investigated. Only materials with lamellar and fine bimodal microstructures exhibited linear Goodman relationship on the constant fatigue life diagram. Materials with coarse bimodal and equiaxed microstructures had anomalous mean stress dependency, with HCF strength at intermediate mean stresses being significantly lower than predicted by Goodman relationship, regardless of whether material was forged or cross-rolled. The role of microstructure in mean stress sensitivity behavior of Ti-6Al-4V is studied. Cyclic strain tests were conducted for all microstructures, and the results of strain-controlled and stress-controlled cyclic tests are compared and discussed.

  14. Local corrosion of high alloy steels under biodeposits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Korovyakova, M.D.; Nikitin, V.M.; Speshneva, N.V.

    1999-01-01

    Impact of the bacteriozenosis different structural-functional state under biodeposits on corrosion resistance of the 12Kh18N10T and Kh18N10T high-alloy steels in the natural seawater is studied. It is shown that saturation of natural micro communities by separate aerobic and facultative-anaerobic bacterial monocultures increases corrosion resistance of these steels by their overgrow with biodeposits [ru

  15. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and DFT study of C60(CF3)n frontier orbitals (n = 2-18): the link between double bonds in pentagons and reduction potentials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Popov, Alexey A; Kareev, Ivan E; Shustova, Natalia B; Stukalin, Evgeny B; Lebedkin, Sergey F; Seppelt, Konrad; Strauss, Steven H; Boltalina, Olga V; Dunsch, Lothar

    2007-09-19

    The frontier orbitals of 22 isolated and characterized C(60)(CF(3))(n) derivatives, including seven reported here for the first time, have been investigated by electronic spectroscopy (n = 2 [1], 4 [1], 6 [2], 8 [5], 10 [6], 12 [3]; the number of isomers for each composition is shown in square brackets) fluorescence spectroscopy (n = 10 [4]), cyclic voltammetry under air-free conditions (all compounds with n mV s(-1) up to 5.0 V s(-1), respectively. The 18 experimental 0/- E(1/2) values (vs C(60)(0/-)) are a linear function of the DFT-predicted LUMO energies (average E1/2 deviation from the least-squares line is 0.02 V). This linear relationship was used to predict the 0/- E(1/2) values for the n = 16 and 18 derivatives, and none of the predicted values is more positive than the 0/- E(1/2) value for one of the isomers of C(60)(CF(3))(10). In general, reduction potentials for the 0/- couple are shifted anodically relative to the C(60)(0/-) couple. However, the 0/- E(1/2) values for a given composition are strongly dependent on the addition pattern of the CF3 groups. In addition, LUMO energies for isomers of C(60)(X)(n) (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) that are structurally related to many of the CF(3) derivatives were calculated and compared for X = CH(3), H, Ph, NH(2), CH(2)F, CHF(2), F, NO(2), and CN. The experimental and computational results for the C(60)(CF(3))(n) compounds and the computational results for more than 50 additional C(60)(X)(n) compounds provide new insights about the frontier orbitals of C(60)(X)(n) derivatives. For a given substituent, X, the addition pattern is as important, if not more important in many cases, than the number of substituents, n, in determining E(1/2) values. Those addition patterns with double bonds in pentagons having two C(sp(2)) nearest neighbors result in the strongest electron acceptors.

  16. Surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy part I: Surface roughness and apparent surface free energy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, Yingdi; Chibowski, Emil; Szcześ, Aleksandra

    2017-01-01

    Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are the most often used implants material in dental treatment and orthopedics. Topography and wettability of its surface play important role in film formation, protein adhesion, following osseointegration and even duration of inserted implant. In this paper, we prepared Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples using different smoothing and polishing materials as well the air plasma treatment, on which contact angles of water, formamide and diiodomethane were measured. Then the apparent surface free energy was calculated using four different approaches (CAH, LWAB, O-W and Neumann's Equation of State). From LWAB approach the components of surface free energy were obtained, which shed more light on the wetting properties of samples surface. The surface roughness of the prepared samples was investigated with the help of optical profilometer and AFM. It was interesting whether the surface roughness affects the apparent surface free energy. It was found that both polar interactions the electron donor parameter of the energy and the work of water adhesion increased with decreasing roughness of the surfaces. Moreover, short time plasma treatment (1min) caused decrease in the surface hydrophilic character, while longer time (10min) treatment caused significant increase in the polar interactions and the work of water adhesion. Although Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been investigated many times, to our knowledge, so far no paper has been published in which surface roughness and changes in the surface free energy of the alloy were compared in the quantitative way in such large extent. This novel approach deliver better knowledge about the surface properties of differently smoothed and polished samples which may be helpful to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization. Therefore the results obtained present also potentially practical meaning. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. In situ loading of Ag_2WO_4 on ultrathin g-C_3N_4 nanosheets with highly enhanced photocatalytic performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Yunfeng; Jin, Renxi; Fang, Xu; Yang, Yang; Yang, Man; Liu, Xianchun; Xing, Yan; Song, Shuyan

    2016-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Ultrathin g-C_3N_4 nanosheets (g-C_3N_4−NS) with improved electron transport ability and large number of active sites are employed instead of bulk g-C_3N_4 to prepare the Ag_2WO_4/g-C_3N_4−NS heterostructured photocatalysts, which exhibit remarkable photocatalytic activity for wastewater treatment. - Highlights: • Ag2WO4/g-C3N4-NS photocatalysts were obtained by a deposition-precipitation method. • Ag2WO4/g-C3N4-NS possess large surface areas and increased lifetime of charges. • Ag2WO4/g-C3N4-NS exhibit enhanced activity on degradation of RhB and MO. • The photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag2WO4/g-C3N4-NS system were investigated. - Abstract: The g-C_3N_4 nanosheets (g-C_3N_4−NS) exhibit more excellent property than common bulk g-C_3N_4 (g-C_3N_4-B) due to their large surface areas, improved electron transport ability and well dispersion in water. In this work, ultrathin g-C_3N_4−NS with a thickness of about 2.7 nm have been synthesized by a simple thermal exfoliation of bulk g-C_3N_4, and then Ag_2WO_4 nanoparticles are in situ loaded on their surface to construct the Ag_2WO_4/g-C_3N_4−NS heterostructured photocatalysts. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, the as-prepared heterostructures possess a fast interfacial charge transfer and increased lifetime of photo-excited charge carriers, and exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity. Under visible light irradiation, the optimum photocatalytic activity of Ag_2WO_4/g-C_3N_4−NS composites is almost 53.6 and 26.5 times higher than that of pure g-C_3N_4-B and Ag_2WO_4/g-C_3N_4-B heterostructures towards the degradation of rhodamine B, respectively, and is almost 30.6 and 9.8 times higher towards the degradation of methyl orange, respectively. In addition, the natural sunlight photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples are also investigated.

  18. In vitro characterization of gE negative bovine herpesvirus types 1.1 (BHV-1.1 and 1.2a (BHV-1.2a Caracterização in vitro de herpes vírus bovino tipos 1.1 (BHV-1.1 e 1.2a (BHV-1.2a gE negativos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando R. Spilki

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed the in vitro growth characterization of a previously constructed Brazilian bovine herpesvirus 1.2a with a deletion in the glycoprotein E gene (BHV-1.2a gE-. The plaque sizes, penetration and growth kinetics of the Brazilian BHV-1.2a gE- were studied and compared with the parental virus, as well as with a BHV-1.1 gE- recombinant derived from an European BHV-1.1 strain. No statistical differences were observed between the gE- recombinants and the respective parental viruses penetration assays were performed. When single step growth curves were studied, no statistical differences were observed between gE- and parental viruses. However, it was observed that both gE- viruses were excreted from cells in significantly higher titres at 11 hours post infection in comparison with parental viruses. No statistical differences were observed when plaque sizes of parental viruses or gE- viruses we analyzed separately in each cell type. However, both gE- recombinants displayed a significantly reduced plaque areas on three different cell cultures, in comparison with parental viruses, indicating that the lack of gE had the same effect on both BHV-1 subtypes, manifested by a restricted cell-to-cell spread in infected cells.O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização das propriedades de crescimento in vitro de uma amostra brasileira de herpesvírus bovino tipo 1.2a que apresenta uma deleção no gene que codifica a glicoproteína E (BHV-1.2a gE-. Os tamanhos de placa, cinética de penetração e cinética de multiplicação do vírus BHV-1.2a gE- foram estudados e comparados com o vírus parental, bem como com um vírus BHV-1.1 gE- recombinante, o qual é derivado de uma amostra européia de BHV-1.1. Em termos de cinética de penetração, não foram observadas diferenças significativas quando comparados os vírus gE- com os parentais. A determinação da cinética de multiplicação não demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os

  19. Liquid phase surface nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V pre-placed with chromium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vahedi Nemani, Alireza, E-mail: alireza_vahedi@ut.ac.ir; Sohi, M. Heydarzadeh; Amadeh, A.A.; Ghaffari, Mahya

    2016-08-01

    In this study, liquid phase surface nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V was carried out by pre-placing of chromium powder on the substrate and subsequent Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) surface melting. The effect of the application of low and high heat inputs on the microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the treated layers were studied. Surface alloying with chromium in a nitrogen containing atmosphere resulted in the formation of hard intermetallic compounds such as TiN, Cr{sub 2}N and TiCr{sub 2}. Moreover, the presence of beta stabilizer chromium together with the application of high heat input during surface treatment resulted in the presence of beta phase at room temperature. However, applying low heat input could not prevent transformation of beta to martensite. The hardness of the layers fabricated at high and low heat inputs were respectively 1050 and 1200 HV{sub 0.3} compared to average 280 HV{sub 0.3} for the as-received material. Liquid phase surface treatment of titanium at the aforementioned conditions improved the wear resistance. The lowest weight loss belonged to the specimen with the beta phase matrix. The formation of the fairly ductile bcc-β phase hindered crack nucleation during wear. The weight loss in this condition was 7 times lower than that of the base material. - Highlights: • Liquid phase surface nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V was carried out by TIG surface melting. • Cr powder was pre-placed on the surface as the beta stabilizer alloying element. • The treated layers were characterized by OM, SEM and X-ray diffraction pattern. • Hardness of the layers increased up to 3 times higher than that of the base alloy. • Liquid phase surface alloying improved the wear resistance.

  20. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Die Steel 70Kh3G2FTR

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krylova, S. E.; Kletsova, O. A.; Gryzunov, V. I.; Fot, A. P.; Tavtilov, I. Sh.

    2018-01-01

    The effect of heat treatment parameters on the properties and structural and phase composition of a promising die steel 70Kh3G2FTR for hot deformation is studied. The temperature-and-stress state of a hammer die under a heat treatment is simulated.

  1. Improved microstructure and properties of 12Cr2Ni4A alloy steel by vacuum carburization and Ti + N co-implantation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dong, Meiling; Cui, Xiufang; Jin, Guo; Wang, Haidou; Cai, Zhaobing; Song, Shengqiang

    2018-05-01

    The carburized 12Cr2Ni4A alloy steel was implanted by Ti + N double elements implantation. The microstructure, nano-hardness and corrosion properties were investigated by EPMA, TEM, XPS, nano-hardness and electrochemistry tests in detail. The results showed that the Ti + N co-implanted layer is composed of FCC TiN and TiC phases with BCC martensite. Compared with the un-implanted layer, the Ti + N implanted layer has higher nano-hardness and better corrosion resistance. In addition, the higher nano-hardness was presented below the surface of 1800 nm compared with un-implanted layer, which is far beyond the thickness of the implanted layer. The results also indicated that the generation of nanoscale ceramic phase and structures are not the only factor to impose the influence on the nano-hardness and corrosion resistance, but the radiation damage and lattice distortion will play an important role.

  2. Influence of temperature on properties of nitrogen plasma source ion implantation (N-PSII) of Ti6A14V alloy

    CERN Document Server

    Geng Man; Zhao Qing

    2001-01-01

    Specimens of Ti6Al4V alloy were implanted with nitrogen plasma source ion implantation (N-PSII) at temperatures between 100 degree C and 600 degree C to a ion dose of 4 x 10 sup 1 sup 7 cm sup - sup 2. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) was used to determine the nitrogen concentration depth profiles. Microhardness measurements and pin-on-disk wear test were performed to evaluate the improvements of the surface modification. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to determine the phases presented in the surface modified layer. The thickness of implanted layer increased by about an order of magnitude when the temperature was elevated from 100 degree C to 600 degree C. Higher surface hardness and wear resistance was also obtained at higher temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinct microstructural changes and the presence of titanium nitrides in the implanted surface

  3. Structure evolutions in a Ti–6Al–4V matrix composite reinforced with TiB, characterised using high energy X-ray diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ropars, Ludovic; Dehmas, Moukrane; Gourdet, Sophie; Delfosse, Jérôme; Tricker, David; Aeby-Gautier, Elisabeth

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • In-situ high energy X-ray diffraction used during different thermal treatments. • Kinetics of phase evolutions characterised for the matrix and for the borides. • Conversion from TiB 2 to TiB-B27 via a metastable structure TiB-B f . • Strong effect of the process on the matrix phases evolutions and microstructure. - Abstract: A titanium matrix composite reinforced with TiB was produced using powder metallurgy. A Ti–6Al–4V alloy was chosen to be the matrix, and 12 wt.% of TiB 2 was used as the boron source for the solid state formation of TiB. The TiB 2 to TiB conversion reaction was studied using an in situ high energy X-ray diffraction technique while heat treating the composite. The TiB 2 (space group: P6/mmm) converts into TiB-B27 (Pnma), via TiB-B f (Cmcm). The metastable character of B f is confirmed here; it is the first phase formed during the conversion and it progressively converts into B27 during elevated temperature heat treatment. A modification of the phase transformation kinetics in the matrix and of the composite β transus temperature (T β = 1275 °C) was also observed, mainly due to gas contamination and intensive work hardening as a result of the mechanical alloying process used to manufacture the material and to a modification of the matrix equilibria

  4. 2-trans-1,2-Bis(pyridin-4-ylethene-κ2N:N′]bis{[1,2-bis(pyridin-4-ylethene-κN]bis[N-(2-hydroxyethyl-N-isopropyldithiocarbamato-κ2S,S′]cadmium} acetonitrile tetrasolvate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mukesh M. Jotani

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cd2(C12H10N23(C6H12NOS24]·4C2H3N, comprises a CdII atom, two dithiocarbamate (dtc anions, one and a half trans-1,2-dipyridin-4-ylethylene (bpe molecules and two acetonitrile solvent molecules. The full binuclear complex is generated by the application of a centre of inversion. The dtc ligands are chelating, one bpe molecule coordinates in a monodentate mode while the other is bidentate bridging. The resulting cis-N2S4 coordination geometry is based on an octahedron. Supramolecular layers, sustained by hydroxy-O—H...O(hydroxy and hydroxy-O—H...N(bpe hydrogen bonding, interpenetrate to form a three-dimensional architecture; voids in this arrangement are occupied by the acetonitrile solvent molecules. Additional intermolecular interactions falling within the specified framework have been analysed by Hirshfeld surface analysis, including π–π interactions.

  5. Radiosynthesis and pre-clinical evaluation of [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1,2-{sup 2}H{sub 4}]choline

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, Graham [Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Zhao Yongjun [MDx Discovery (part of GE Healthcare) at Hammersmith Imanet, Ltd., Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Leyton, Julius [Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Shan Bo [MDx Discovery (part of GE Healthcare) at Hammersmith Imanet, Ltd., Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Nguyen, Quang-de; Perumal, Meg [Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Turton, David [GE-Imanet, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Arstad, Erik; Luthra, Sajinder K.; Robins, Edward G. [MDx Discovery (part of GE Healthcare) at Hammersmith Imanet, Ltd., Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom); Aboagye, Eric O., E-mail: eric.aboagye@imperial.ac.u [Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (United Kingdom)

    2011-01-15

    Introduction: Choline radiotracers are widely used for clinical PET diagnosis in oncology. [{sup 11}C]Choline finds particular utility in the imaging of brain and prostate tumor metabolic status, where 2-[{sup 18}F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ('FDG') shows high background uptake. More recently we have extended the clinical utility of [{sup 11}C]choline to breast cancer where radiotracer uptake correlates with tumor aggressiveness (grade). In the present study, a new choline analog, [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1,2-{sup 2}H{sub 4}]choline, was synthesized and evaluated as a potential PET imaging probe. Methods: [{sup 18}F]Fluorocholine, [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1-{sup 2}H{sub 2}]choline and [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1,2-{sup 2}H{sub 4}]choline were synthesized by alkylation of the relevant precursor with [{sup 18}F]fluorobromomethane or [{sup 18}F]fluoromethyl tosylate. Radiosynthesis of [{sup 18}F]fluoromethyl tosylate required extensive modification of the existing method. [{sup 18}F]Fluorocholine and [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1,2-{sup 2}H{sub 4}]choline were then subjected to in vitro oxidative stability analysis in a chemical oxidation model using potassium permanganate and an enzymatic model using choline oxidase. The two radiotracers, together with the corresponding di-deuterated compound, [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1-{sup 2}H{sub 2}]choline, were then evaluated in vivo in a time-course biodistribution study in HCT-116 tumor-bearing mice. Results: Alkylation with [{sup 18}F]fluoromethyl tosylate proved to be the most reliable radiosynthetic route. Stability models indicate that [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1,2-{sup 2}H{sub 4}]choline possesses increased chemical and enzymatic (choline oxidase) oxidative stability relative to [{sup 18}F]fluorocholine. The distribution of the three radiotracers, [{sup 18}F]fluorocholine, [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1-{sup 2}H{sub 2}]choline and [{sup 18}F]fluoro-[1,2-{sup 2}H{sub 4}]choline, showed a similar uptake profile in most organs. Crucially, tumor uptake of [{sup 18}F

  6. Microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys manufactured by selective laser melting with optimized processing parameters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Huang, J.; Ding, H. Y.; Chu, M. Q.

    2017-11-01

    Selective laser melting (SLM) is a precise additive manufacturing process that the metallic powders without binder are melted layer by layer to complex components using a high bright fiber laser. In the paper, Ti-6Al-4V alloy was fabricated by SLM and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in order to evaluate the SLM process. The results show that the microstructure exists anisotropy between the horizontal and vertical section due to the occurrence of epitaxial growth, and the former microstructure seems equal-axis and the latter is column. Moreover, there is little difference in tensile test between the horizontal and vertical sections. Furthermore, the tensile properties of fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy by SLM are higher than the forged standard ones. However, the fatigue results show that there are some scatters, which need further investigation to define the fatigue initiation.

  7. Inorganic-organic hybrid structure: Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a cobalt phosphite-oxalate, [C4N2H12][Co4(HPO3)2(C2O4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mandal, Sukhendu; Natarajan, Srinivasan

    2005-01-01

    A hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of cobalt (II) oxalate, phosphorous acid, piperazine and water at 150 o C for 96h followed by heating at 180 o C for 24h gave rise to a new inorganic-organic hybrid solid, [C 4 N 2 H 12 ][Co 4 (HPO 3 ) 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ], I. The structure consists of edge-shared CoO 6 octahedra forming a [Co 2 O 10 ] dimers that are connected by HPO 3 and C 2 O 4 units forming a three-dimensional structure with one-dimensional channels. The amine molecules are positioned within these channels. The oxalate units have a dual role of connecting within the plane of the layer as well as out of the plane. Magnetic susceptibility measurement shows the compound orders antiferromagnetically at low temperature (T N =22K). Crystal data: I, monoclinic, space group=P2 1 /c (No. 14). a=7.614(15), b=7.514(14), c=17.750(3)A, β=97.351(3) o , V=1007.30(3)A 3 , Z=2, ρ calc =2.466g/cm 3 , μ (MoKα) =3.496mm -1 , R 1 =0.0310 and wR 2 =0.0807 data [I>2σ(I)

  8. The compressibility mechanism of Li3Na3In2F12 garnet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grzechnik, Andrzej; Balic Zunic, Tonci; Makovicky, Emil

    2006-01-01

    The high pressure behaviour of Li3Na3In2F12 garnet (Ia¯3d, Z = 8) is studied up to 9.2 GPa at room temperature in diamond anvil cells using xray diffraction. Its equation of state to 9.2 GPa and the pressure dependences of the structural parameters to 4.07 GPa are determined from synchrotron angle......-dispersive powder and laboratory single-crystal data, respectively. No indication of any structural phase transition in this material has been found up to 9.2 GPa. The fitting of the Murnaghan equation of state yields B0 = 36.2(5) GPa, B0 = 5.38(18), and V0 = 2051.76(0.69) °A 3. The compressibility mechanism of Li3......Na3In2F12 is attributed to the substantial bending of the In-F-Li angles linking the InF6 octahedra and LiF4 tetrahedra. The most compressible polyhedral units are the NaF8 triangulated dodecahedra. These results are discussed in relation to previous high pressure photoluminescence measurements...

  9. Effect of laser power and scanning speed on laser deposited Ti6Al4V/TiB2 matrix composites

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Mokgalaka, MN

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Additive Manufacturing in Industry Conference, Kwa Maritane, Pilanesberg National Park, 31 October-2 November 2012 EFFECT OF LASER POWER AND SCANNING SPEED ON LASER DEPOSITED Ti6Al4V/TiB2 MATRIX COMPOSITES M.N. Mokgalaka2,1, S.L. Pityana1,2, A.P.I...

  10. Forward $\\pi^{+-}$ production in p-$O_2$ and p-$N_2$ interactions at 12 GeV/c

    CERN Document Server

    Catanesi, M.G.; Edgecock, R.; Ellis, M.; Gossling, C.; Bunyatov, S.; Krasnoperov, A.; Popov, B.; Tereschenko, V.; Di Capua, E.; Vidal-Sitjes, G.; Artamonov, A.; Giani, S.; Gilardoni, S.; Gorbunov, P.; Grant, A.; Grossheim, A.; Ivanchenko, A.; Ivanchenko, V.; Kayis-Topaksu, A.; Panman, J.; Papadopoulos, I.; Tcherniaev, E.; Tsukerman, I.; Wiebusch, C.; Zucchelli, P.; Blondel, A.; Borghi, S.; Morone, M.C.; Prior, G.; Schroeter, R.; Meurer, C.; Gastaldi, U.; Mills, G.B.; Graulich, J.S.; Gregoire, G.; Bonesini, M.; Ferri, F.; Kirsanov, M.; Bagulya, A.; Grichine, V.; Polukhina, N.; Palladino, V.; Coney, L.; Schmitz, D.; Barr, G.; Bobisut, F.; Gibin, D.; Guglielmi, A.; Mezzetto, M.; Dumarchez, J.; Dore, U.; Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Tonazzo, A.; Tortora, L.; Booth, C.; Howlett, L.; Bogomilov, M.; Kolev, D.; Tsenov, R.; Piperov, Stefan; Temnikov, P.; Apollonio, M.; Chimenti, P.; Giannini, G.; Burguet-Castell, J.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J.J.; Martin-Albo, J.; Sorel, M.

    2008-01-01

    Measurements of double-differential charged pion production cross-sections in interactions of 12 GeV/c protons on O_2 and N_2 thin targets are presented in the kinematic range 0.5 GeV/c < p_{\\pi} < 8 GeV/c and 50 mrad < \\theta_{\\pi} < 250 mrad (in the laboratory frame) and are compared with p--C results. For p--N_2 (p--O_2) interactions the analysis is performed using 38576 (7522) reconstructed secondary pions. The analysis uses the beam instrumentation and the forward spectrometer of the HARP experiment at CERN PS. The measured cross-sections have a direct impact on the precise calculation of atmospheric neutrino fluxes and on the improved reliability of extensive air shower simulations by reducing the uncertainties of hadronic interaction models in the low energy range. In particular, the present results allow the common hypothesis that p--C data can be used to predict the p--N_2 and p--O_2 pion production cross-sections to be tested.

  11. Effect of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr Micro-additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaha, S. K.; Czerwinski, F.; Kasprzak, W.; Friedman, J.; Chen, D. L.

    2016-05-01

    Uniaxial static and cyclic tests were used to assess the role of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr additions on properties of the Al-7Si-1Cu-0.5Mg (wt pct) alloy in as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions. The microstructure of the as-cast alloy consisted of α-Al, eutectic Si, and Cu-, Mg-, and Fe-rich phases Al2.1Cu, Al8.5Si2.4Cu, Al5.2CuMg4Si5.1, and Al14Si7.1FeMg3.3. In addition, the micro-sized Cr/Zr/Ti/V-rich phases Al10.7SiTi3.6, Al6.7Si1.2TiZr1.8, Al21.4Si3.4Ti4.7VZr1.8, Al18.5Si7.3Cr2.6V, Al7.9Si8.5Cr6.8V4.1Ti, Al6.3Si23.2FeCr9.2V1.6Ti1.3, Al92.2Si16.7Fe7.6Cr8.3V1.8, and Al8.2Si30.1Fe1.6Cr18.8V3.3Ti2.9Zr were present. During solution treatment, Cu-rich phases were completely dissolved, while the eutectic silicon, Fe-, and Cr/Zr/Ti/V-rich intermetallics experienced only partial dissolution. Micro-additions of Cr, Zr, Ti, and V positively affected the alloy strength. The modified alloy in the T6 temper during uniaxial tensile tests exhibited yield strength of 289 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 342 MPa, being significantly higher than that for the Al-Si-Cu-Mg base. Besides, the cyclic yield stress of the modified alloy in the T6 state increased by 23 pct over that of the base alloy. The fatigue life of the modified alloy was substantially longer than that of the base alloy tested using the same parameters. The role of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr containing phases in controlling the alloy fracture during static and cyclic loading is discussed.

  12. The low-temperature structures of Hgsub(3-delta)SbF6 and Hgsub(3-delta)TaF6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tun, Z.; Brown, I.D.

    1986-01-01

    The Hg chains in both Hgsub(3-delta)SbF 6 and Hgsub(3-delta)TaF 6 order below room temperature. Down to about 190 K the ordering results from the interaction between parallel chains. It is short range and is different for the two compounds. Below 190 K both compounds transform to an isostructural long-range-ordered phase which is driven by the interaction between perpendicular chains. The structure of this phase in both compounds has been determined. Hgsub(3-delta)SbF 6 at 173 K, delta=0.134(1), Msub(r)=810.6(2). It is monoclinic but pseudotetragonal with I4 1 /amd, a=7.655(1), c=12.558(1) A, V=735.9(2) A 3 , Z=4, Dsub(x)=7.314(3) Mg m -3 , graphite-monochromated Mo Kα radiation, lambda=0.71069 A, μ=64.8 mm -1 , F(000)=1337.1(3). Hgsub(3-delta)TaF 6 at 150 K is isostructural but has delta=0.142(1), Msub(r)=868.2(2), a=7.634(1), c=12.610(2) A, V=734.9(2) A, Dsub(x)=7.844(3) Mg m -3 , μ=76.4 mm -1 , F(000)=1422.6(3). Comparison of the low-temperature structures with those at room temperature shows that the thermal contraction results from the shortening of interatomic distances associated with the weak bonds, with the result that the MF 6 (M=Sb, Ta) host lattice shrinks more than the Hg chains. Variation of the atomic displacement parameters with temperature indicates that the large librational displacements of the MF 6 ion result from thermal motion rather than static disorder. (orig.)

  13. Structure determination of two structural analogs, named 3-[1-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C23H16F2N4S) and 3-[1-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C23H16ClFN4S) by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gündoğdu, Gülsüm; Aytaç, Sevim Peri; Müller, Melanie; Tozkoparan, Birsen; Kaynak, Filiz Betül

    2017-12-01

    Two novel compounds, 3-[1-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C23H16F2N4S) (1) and 3-[1-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C23H16ClFN4S) (2), have been designed and synthesized as cytotoxic agents. The compounds were characterized by infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral data, elemental analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. The present study comprises spectral data and crystal structures of these novel compounds determined from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. The structure solutions were obtained by simulated annealing. The final structures were achieved by Rietveld refinement using soft restraints for all bond lengths, bond angles, and planar groups. Both compounds crystallize in space group$P\\bar 1$,Z= 2, with the unit-cell parametersa= 6.37433(9),b= 11.3641(2),c= 14.09115(19) Å,α= 80.1740(8)°,β= 85.1164(8)°,γ= 80.9831(10)°,V= 991.55(3) Å3of compound (1) anda= 6.53736(6),b= 11.55725(15),c= 14.01373(13) Å,α= 80.3323(7)°,β= 84.8939(6)°,γ= 79.3954(8)°,V= 1024.08(2) Å3of compound (2). Structural analyses reveal that the title compounds are isostructural.

  14. Effects of high-energy electro-pulsing treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Xiaoxin; Wang, Lingsheng; Tse, Zion T H; Tang, Guoyi; Song, Guolin

    2015-04-01

    The effect of electro-pulsing treatment (EPT) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of cold-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy strips was investigated in this paper. It was found that the elongation to failure of materials obtains a noticeable enhancement with increased EPT processing time while slightly sacrificing strength. Fine recrystallized grains and the relative highest elongation to failure (32.5%) appear in the 11second-EPT samples. Grain coarsening and decreased ductility were brought in with longer EPT duration time. Fracture surface analysis shows that transition from intergranular brittle facture to transgranular dimple fracture takes place with an increase in processing time of EPT. Meanwhile, corrosion behavior of titanium alloys is greatly improved with increased EPT processing time, which is presented by polarization test and surface observation with the beneficial effect of forming a protective anatase-TiO2 film on the surface of alloys. The rapid recrystallization behavior and oxide formation of the titanium alloy strip under EPTs are attributed to the enhancement of nucleation rate, atomic diffusion and oxygen migration resulting from the coupling of the thermal and athermal effects. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Corrosion-electrochemical behavior of metals in alkali solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levin, V.A.; Levina, E.Eh.

    1995-01-01

    Results of an investigation into corrosion-electrochemical behaviour of 12Kh18N10T, 10Kh17N13M2T, 08Kh21N6M2T and 15Kh25T steels, 06KhN28MDT and KhN78T alloys as well as NP-2 nickel in sodium, potassium and lithium hydroxide solutions at 95-180 deg C temperatures are considered. It is ascertained, that anode polarization curves of all metals irrespective of hydroxide nature, concentration, temperature, presence of chloride and chlorate additions, are of identic character. The movement of anode polarization curves in the direction of lower current of hydroxide type in NaOH-KOH-LiOH series, temperature and solution concentration reduction at other equal terms. 12 refs.; 6 figs

  16. Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 co-catalyzed with K2NiF6 and CNTs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sulaiman, N N; Ismail, M

    2016-12-06

    The composite of MgH 2 /K 2 NiF 6 /carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared by ball milling, and its hydrogenation properties are studied for the first time. MgH 2 co-catalyzed with K 2 NiF 6 and CNTs exhibited an improvement in the onset dehydrogenation temperature and isothermal de/rehydrogenation kinetics compared with the MgH 2 -K 2 NiF 6 composite. The onset dehydrogenation temperature of MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 and 5 wt% CNTs is 245 °C, which demonstrated a reduction of 25 °C compared with the MgH 2 + 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 composite. In terms of rehydrogenation kinetics, MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 and 5 wt% CNTs samples absorbed 3.4 wt% of hydrogen in 1 min at 320 °C, whereas the MgH 2 + 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 sample absorbed 2.6 wt% of hydrogen under the same conditions. For dehydrogenation kinetics at 320 °C, the MgH 2 + 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 + 5 wt% CNTs sample released 3.3 wt% hydrogen after 5 min of dehydrogenation. By contrast, MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 released 3.0 wt% hydrogen in the same time period. The apparent activation energy, E a , for the dehydrogenation of MgH 2 doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 reduced from 100.0 kJ mol -1 to 70.0 kJ mol -1 after MgH 2 was co-doped with 10 wt% K 2 NiF 6 and 5 wt% CNTs. Based on the experimental results, the hydrogen storage properties of the MgH 2 /K 2 NiF 6 /CNTs composite is enhanced because of the catalytic effects of the active species of KF, KH and Mg 2 Ni that are formed in situ during dehydrogenation, as well as the unique structure of CNTs.

  17. A study of calcium carbonate/multiwalled-carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy for orthopedic implants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ahmed, Rasha A., E-mail: rashaauf@yahoo.com [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University (Saudi Arabia); Forensic Chemistry Laboratories, Medico Legal Department, Ministry of Justice, Cairo (Egypt); Fekry, Amany M. [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613 (Egypt); Farghali, R.A. [Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University (Saudi Arabia); Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613 (Egypt)

    2013-11-15

    In an attempt to increase the stability, bioactivity and corrosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, chitosan (CS) biocomposite coatings reinforced with multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) for surface modification were utilized by electroless deposition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals the formation of a compact and highly crosslinked coatings. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the coats stability and resistivity for orthopedic implants in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results show that E{sub st} value is more positive in the following order: CaCO{sub 3}/MWCNTs/CS > CS/MWCNTs > CS > MWCNTs. The calculated i{sub corr} was 0.02 nA cm{sup −2} for CaCO{sub 3}/MWCNTs/CS which suggested a high corrosion resistance.

  18. A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti3Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Jianing; Chen Chuanzhong; Squartini, Tiziano; He Qingshan

    2010-01-01

    Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti 3 Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti 3 Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

  19. s-wave threshold in electron attachment - Results in 2-C4F6 and CFCl3 at ultra-low electron energies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chutjian, A.; Alajajian, S. H.; Ajello, J. M.; Orient, O. J.

    1984-01-01

    Electron attachment lineshapes and cross sections are reported for the processes 2-C4F6(-)/2-C4F6 and Cl(-)/CFCl3 at electron energies of 0-120 and 0-140 meV, and at resolutions of 6 and 7 meV (FWHM), respectively. As in previous measurements in CCl4 and SF6, the results show resolution-limited narrow structure in the cross section at electron energies below 15 meV. This structure arises from the divergence of the s-wave cross section in the limit of zero electron energy. Comparisons are given with swarm-measured results, and with collisional ionization (high-Rydberg attachment) data in this energy range.

  20. The growth of hydroxyapatite on alkaline treated Ti-6Al-4V soaking in higher temperature with concentrated Ca2+/HPO42- simulated body fluid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, F.-H.; Hsu, Y.-S.; Lin, S.-H.; Chen, T.-M.

    2004-01-01

    In this study, calcium and phosphorous ions in the simulated body fluid (SBF) was be increased to increase the rate of precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HA). The soaking temperature in concentrated calcium and phosphorous ion-SBF (CP-SBF) was increased to reduce the nucleation energy of the HA, which lead to an early precipitation to shorten the treatment process. When the metallic substrates treated with 10 M NaOH aqueous solution and subsequently heated at 600 deg. C, a thin sodium titanium oxide layer was formed on the surfaces as the linking layer for HA and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. After Ti-6Al-4V alloys treated with alkali solution, it would soak into a simulated body fluid with higher concentration of calcium and phosphorous ions (CP-SBF) to increase the possibility of nucleation of HA. When Ti-6Al-4V alloys treated with alkali solution, subsequently heated at 600 deg. C, and then soaked into CP-SBF at a temperature of 80 deg. C, it could form a dense and thick (50 μm) bone-like hydroxyapatite layer on the surface. The HA layer was appeared on the surface of the Ti-alloy at the first week soaking, which was greatly shorten the coating process. In the research, the characteristics of the coating layer will be analyzed by the results of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR)

  1. (1,6,7,12-Tetraazaperylene-κ2N,N′bis(4,4′,5,5′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2N,N′ruthenium(II bis(hexafluoridophosphate acetonitrile trisolvate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas Brietzke

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available In the title compound, rac-[Ru(C14H16N22(C16H8N4](PF62·3C2H3N, discrete dimers of complex cations, [Ru(tmbpy2tape]2+, of opposite chirality are formed (tmbpy = tetramethylbipyridine; tape = tetraazaperylene, held together by π–π stacking interactions between the tetraazaperylene moieties with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.563 (3–3.837 (3 Å. These interactions exhibit a parallel displaced π–π stacking mode. Additional weak C—H...π-ring and C—H...N and C—H...F interactions are found, leading to a three-dimensional architecture. The RuII atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. The counter-charge is provided by two hexafluoridophosphate anions and the asymmetric unit is completed by three acetonitrile solvent molecules of crystallization. Four F atoms of one PF6− anion are disordered over three sets of sites with occupancies of 0.517 (3:0.244 (3:0.239 (3. Two acetonitrile solvent molecules are highly disordered and their estimated scattering contribution was subtracted from the observed diffraction data using the SQUEEZE option in PLATON [Spek (2009. Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155].

  2. EFECT OF PLASMA IMMERSION ION IMPLANTATION TREATEMENT IN THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zepka, Susana

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was the evaluation of wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII in different immersion times. The goal of this process was the modification of surface properties of the alloy to obtain better tribology properties. In this process, atoms can be injected on the material´s surface changing the mechanical properties in the region near the surface independently of thermodynamics variables, as solubility and difusivity. The samples were submitted to 120 e 180 minutes of implantation at 250°C in the three samples for each condition. The wear analyses were made by pin-on-disk process, where the lost volumes and wear coefficients were compared in the samples. It was observed the decreasing of attrite coefficient and the lost volume of the material during wear test. The implanted sample by 180 minutes has showed the wear coefficient 35.12% lower in comparison of the sample without treatment, and 11.09% lower in comparison of implanted sample by 120 minutes. It can be observed that the sample implanted by 180 minutes showed lower wear coefficient.

  3. Singlet ground state in the spin-1/2 weakly coupled dimer compound NH4[ (V2O3)2(4,4'-b p y ) 2(H2PO4)(PO4)2] .0.5 H2O

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arjun, U.; Kumar, Vinod; Anjana, P. K.; Thirumurugan, A.; Sichelschmidt, J.; Mahajan, A. V.; Nath, R.

    2017-05-01

    We present the synthesis and a detailed investigation of structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline NH4[(V2O3)2(4,4'-b p y ) 2(H2PO4) (PO4)2] .0.5 H2O by means of x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility could be described well using a weakly coupled spin-1/2 dimer model with an excitation gap Δ /kB≃26.1 K between the singlet ground state and triplet excited states and a weak interdimer exchange coupling J'/kB≃4.6 K. A gapped chain model also describes the data well with a gap of about 20 K. The electron spin resonance intensity as a function of temperature traces the bulk susceptibility nicely. The isotropic Landé g factor is estimated to be about g ≃1.97 , at room temperature. We are able to resolve the 31P NMR signal as coming from two inequivalent P sites in the crystal structure. The hyperfine coupling constant between 31P nucleus and V4 + spins is calculated to be Ahf(1 ) ≃2963 Oe/μB and Ahf(2 ) ≃1466 Oe/μB for the P(1) and P(2) sites, respectively. Our NMR shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate for both the 31P sites show an activated behavior at low temperatures, further confirming the singlet ground state. The estimated value of the spin gap from the NMR data measured in an applied field of H =9.394 T is consistent with the gap obtained from the magnetic susceptibility analysis using the dimer model. Because of a relatively small spin gap, NH4[(V2O3)2(4,4'-b p y ) 2(H2PO4) (PO4)2] .0.5 H2O is a promising compound for further experimental studies under high magnetic fields.

  4. Systematic study of spin crossover and structure in [Co(terpyRX)2](Y)2 systems (terpyRX = 4'-alkoxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, X = 4, 8, 12, Y = BF4(-), ClO4(-), PF6(-), BPh4(-))

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Pia; Nielsen, Hans Toftlund; Bond, Andrew

    2009-01-01

    A family of spin crossover cobalt(II) complexes of the type [Co(terpyRX)(2)](Y)(2) x nH(2)O (X = 4, 8, 12 and Y = BF(4)(-), ClO(4)(-), PF(6)(-), BPh(4)(-)) has been synthesized, whereby the alkyl chain length, RX, and counteranion, Y, have been systematically varied. The structural (single crystal...

  5. Characterization of the deformation texture after tensile test and cold rolling of a Ti-6Al-4V sheet alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mehdi, B; Badji, R; Azzeddine, H; Alili, B; Bradai, D; Ji, V

    2015-01-01

    The deformation texture after cold rolling and tensile test of an industrial Ti-6Al-4V sheet alloy was studied using X-ray diffraction. The alloy was subjected to a cold rolling to different thickness reductions (from 20% to 60%) and then tensile tests have been carried out along three directions relatively to the rolling direction (0°, 45° and 90°). The experimental results were compared to the existing literature and discussed in terms of active plastic deformation mechanisms. (paper)

  6. Characterisation and corrosion resistance of the electrodeposited hydroxyapatite and bovine serum albumin/hydroxyapatite films on Ti-6Al-4V-1Zr alloy surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vasilescu, C.; Drob, P.; Vasilescu, E.; Demetrescu, I.; Ionita, D.; Prodana, M.; Drob, S.I.

    2011-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: → EIS spectra for Ti6Al4V1Zr alloy were fitted with one time constant electric equivalent circuit. → For covered alloy the equivalent circuit contains two time constants. → Resistances of films increased in time revealing the improvement of the alloy protection capacity. → Surface roughness significantly increased by apatite formation, being favourably to cell adhesion. - Abstract: A new titanium base Ti-6Al-4V-1Zr alloy covered with hydroxyapatite or bovine serum albumin/hydroxyapatite was characterized in this paper in order to be used as implant material. Following techniques were used: linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. For HA or BSA/HA covered alloy, the electric equivalent circuit contains two time constants (for the passive film and for coatings). The resistance of the protective films increased in time and BSA/HA coating was slightly rougher than HA coating, this situation being favourably to the cell adhesion.

  7. Characterisation and corrosion resistance of the electrodeposited hydroxyapatite and bovine serum albumin/hydroxyapatite films on Ti-6Al-4V-1Zr alloy surface

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vasilescu, C.; Drob, P. [Institute of Physical Chemistry ' Ilie Murgulescu' of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, P.O. Box 12-194, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Vasilescu, E., E-mail: ec_vasilescu@yahoo.co [Institute of Physical Chemistry ' Ilie Murgulescu' of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, P.O. Box 12-194, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Demetrescu, I.; Ionita, D.; Prodana, M. [Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Str. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest (Romania); Drob, S.I. [Institute of Physical Chemistry ' Ilie Murgulescu' of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, P.O. Box 12-194, 060021 Bucharest (Romania)

    2011-03-15

    Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: {yields} EIS spectra for Ti6Al4V1Zr alloy were fitted with one time constant electric equivalent circuit. {yields} For covered alloy the equivalent circuit contains two time constants. {yields} Resistances of films increased in time revealing the improvement of the alloy protection capacity. {yields} Surface roughness significantly increased by apatite formation, being favourably to cell adhesion. - Abstract: A new titanium base Ti-6Al-4V-1Zr alloy covered with hydroxyapatite or bovine serum albumin/hydroxyapatite was characterized in this paper in order to be used as implant material. Following techniques were used: linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. For HA or BSA/HA covered alloy, the electric equivalent circuit contains two time constants (for the passive film and for coatings). The resistance of the protective films increased in time and BSA/HA coating was slightly rougher than HA coating, this situation being favourably to the cell adhesion.

  8. Synthesis and biological activity of novel series of 4-methoxy, and 4,9-dimethoxy-5-substituted furo[2,3-g]-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-7,7-dioxide derivatives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    El-Sawy, Eslam R; Ebaid, Manal S; Abo-Salem, Heba M; El-Hallouty, Salwa; Kassem, Emad M; Mandour, Adel H

    2014-05-01

    A novel series of 4-methoxy, and 4,9-dimethoxy-5-substituted furo[2,3-g]-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-7,7-dioxide derivatives 3a,b, 10a-g and 11a-g were prepared in good yields via the reaction of 4-methoxy (1a) and 4,7-dimethoxy-5-acetyl-6-hydroxybenzofurans (1b) and their α,β-unsaturated keto derivatives 6a-g and 7a-g with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI). On the other hand, N-chlorosulfonyl carbamate derivatives 4a,b, 12a,b and 13a,b were prepared and allowed to react with piperidine to give the corresponding N-piperidinosulfonyl carbamate derivatives 5a,b, 14a,b and 15a,b, respectively. Sixteen new target compounds 3a,b, 10a-g, and 11a-g were tested for their DPPH radical-scavenging, and in vitro antiproliferative activity against A-549, MCF7 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Compounds 10a, 11c, 11e, and 11g showed moderate DPPH radical-scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid at 100 μg/mL. 4,9-Dimethoxy-5-substituted styrylfuro[3,2-g]-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-7,7-dioxides 11a, 11b, and 11c were found to be highly active against A-549 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 0.08 μmol/mL compared to doxorubicin with IC50 = 0.04 and 0.06 μmol/mL, respectively.

  9. Hydrogen release from vanadium alloy V-4Cr-4Ti

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klepikov, A.Kh; Kulsartov, T.V.; Chikhray, E.V.; Romanenko, O.G.; Tazhibaeva, I.L.; Shestakov, V.P.

    1999-01-01

    The experiments on hydrogen loading of vanadium alloy with the following thermodesorption spectroscopy (TDS) measurements were carried out with the sample of the V-4Cr-4Ti vanadium alloy (Russia production). Hydrogen solubility was calculated from experimental TDS curves, obtained after equilibrium loading of the sample at the temperatures 673, 773, 873, 973, and 1073 K. The range of loading pressures was 10-100 Pa. The experiments carried out had an objective to determine the regimes (loading time, temperatures and pressures) for the experiment on in-pile loading of the vanadium alloy. (author)

  10. Technics Research on Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Cutting Tools Dry Turning Ti-6AL-4V Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jia Yunhai

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Ti-6Al-4V components are the most widely used titanium alloy products not only in the aerospace industry, but also for bio-medical applications. The machine-ability of titanium alloys is impaired by their high temperature chemical reactivity, low thermal conductivity and low modulus of elasticity. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride represents a substitute tool material for turning titanium alloys due to its high hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and hot red hardness. For determination of suitable cutting parameters in dry turning Ti-6AL-4V alloy by Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tools, the samples, 300mm in length and 100mm in diameter, were dry machined in a lathe. The turning suitable parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate and cut depth were determined according to workpieces surface roughness and tools flank wear based on orthogonal experimental design. The experiment showed that the cutting speed in the range of 160~180 m/min, the feed rate is 0.15 mm/rev and the depth of cut is 0.20mm, ideal workpiece surface roughness and little cutting tools flank wear can be obtained.

  11. Wear Behavior of Plasma Spray Deposited and Post Heat-Treated Hydroxyapatite (HA)-Based Composite Coating on Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) Substrate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumari, Renu; Majumdar, Jyotsna Dutta

    2018-04-01

    The present study concerns a detailed evaluation of wear resistance property of plasma spray deposited composite hydroxyapatite (HA)-based (HA-50 wt pct TiO2 and HA-10 wt pct ZrO2) bioactive coatings developed on Ti-6Al-4V substrate and studying the effect of heat treatment on it. Heat treatment of plasma spray deposited samples has been carried out at 650 °C for 2 hours (for HA-50 wt pct TiO2 coating) and at 750 °C for 2 hours (for HA-10 wt pct ZrO2 coating). There is significant deterioration in wear resistance for HA-50 wt pctTiO2 coating and a marginal deterioration in wear resistance for HA-10 wt pct ZrO2 coating in as-sprayed state (as compared to as-received Ti-6Al-4V) which is, however, improved after heat treatment. The coefficient of friction is marginally increased for both HA-50 wt pct TiO2 and HA-10 wt pct ZrO2 coatings in as-sprayed condition as compared to Ti-6Al-4V substrate. However, coefficient of friction is decreased for both HA-50 wt pct TiO2 and HA-10 wt pct ZrO2 coatings after heat-treated condition as compared to Ti-6Al-4V substrate. The maximum improvement in wear resistance property is, however, observed for HA-10 wt pct ZrO2 sample after heat treatment. The mechanism of wear has been investigated.

  12. Improving the osteointegration of Ti6Al4V by zeolite MFI coating

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Yong [Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032 (China); Jiao, Yilai [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016 (China); Li, Xiaokang [Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032 (China); Guo, Zheng, E-mail: guozheng@fmmu.edu.cn [Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032 (China)

    2015-05-01

    Osteointegration is crucial for success in orthopedic implantation. In recent decades, there have been numerous studies aiming to modify titanium alloys, which are the most widely used materials in orthopedics. Zeolites are solid aluminosilicates whose application in the biomedical field has recently been explored. To this end, MFI zeolites have been developed as titanium alloy coatings and tested in vitro. Nevertheless, the effect of the MFI coating of biomaterials in vivo has not yet been addressed. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effects of MFI-coated Ti6Al4V implants in vitro and in vivo. After surface modification, the surface was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). No difference was observed regarding the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the Ti6Al4V (Ti) and MFI-coated Ti6Al4V (M−Ti) (p > 0.05). However, the attachment of MC3T3-E1 cells was found to be better in the M−Ti group. Additionally, ALP staining and activity assays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells grown on the M−Ti displayed high levels of osteogenic differentiation markers. Moreover, Van-Gieson staining of histological sections demonstrated that the MFI coating on Ti6Al4V scaffolds significantly enhanced osteointegration and promoted bone regeneration after implantation in rabbit femoral condylar defects at 4 and 12 weeks. Therefore, this study provides a method for modifying Ti6Al4V to achieve improved osteointegration and osteogenesis. - Highlights: • Osteointegration is a crucial factor for orthopedic implants. • We coated MFI zeolite on Ti6Al4V substrates and investigated the effects in vitro and in vivo. • The MFI coating displayed good biocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro. • The MFI coating promoted osteointegration and osteogenesis peri-implant in vivo.

  13. Biomineralisation with Saos-2 bone cells on TiSiN sputtered Ti alloys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    V V, Anusha Thampi; Bendavid, Avi; Martin, P J; Vaithilingam, Vijay; Bean, Penelope A; Evans, Margaret D M; Subramanian, B

    2017-07-01

    Surface modifications of metallic implants are important in order to protect the underlying metals from the harsh corrosive environment inside the human body and to minimize the losses caused by wear. Recently, researches are carried out in developing bioactive surfaces on metallic implants, which supports the growth and proliferation of cells on to these surfaces. Titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) hard nanocomposites thin films were fabricated on Ti alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) by pulsed direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized for its microstructural and electrochemical behavior. The higher charge transfer resistance (Rct) and positive shift in Ecorr value of TiSiN/Ti alloys than the bare Ti-alloys indicates a better corrosion resistance offered by the TiSiN thin films to the underlying substrates. The biological response to TiSiN/Ti alloys and control bare Ti-alloys was measured in vitro using cell-based assays with two main outcomes. Firstly, neither the Ti alloy nor the TiSiN thin film was cytotoxic to cells. Secondly, the TiSiN thin film promoted differentiation of human bone cells above the bare control Ti alloy as measured by alkaline phosphatase and calcium production. TiSiN thin films provide better corrosion resistance and protect the underlying metal from the corrosive environment. The thin film surface is both biocompatible and bioactive as indicated from the cytotoxicity and biomineralization studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Identification of electron and hole traps in KH2PO4 crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garces, N. Y.; Stevens, K. T.; Halliburton, L. E.; Demos, S. G.; Radousky, H. B.; Zaitseva, N. P.

    2001-01-01

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to characterize a hole trap and several electron traps in single crystals of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 or KDP). The paramagnetic charge states of these centers are produced by ionizing radiation (e.g., x rays or a 266 nm beam from a pulsed Nd:YAG laser) and are stable for days and even weeks at room temperature. One center consists of a hole trapped on an oxygen ion adjacent to a silicon impurity located on a phosphorus site. This defect has a small, but easily observed, hyperfine interaction with the adjacent substitutional proton. The other centers are formed when an electron is trapped at an oxygen vacancy. These latter defects are best described as (PO 3 ) 2- molecular ions, where the primary phosphorus nucleus is responsible for a large hyperfine splitting (500--800 G in magnitude). Five EPR spectra representing variations of these oxygen vacancy centers are observed, with the differences being attributed to the relative position of a nearby cation vacancy, either a missing proton or potassium. An angular study of the EPR spectra, conducted at room temperature, provided principal values and principal directions for the g matrices and hyperfine matrices for the hole center and two of the electron centers

  15. Self-assembled microporous Ti-6Al-4V implant compacts induced by electro-discharge-sintering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Y.H.; Cho, Y.J.; Lee, C.M.; Kim, S.J.; Lee, N.S.; Kim, K.B.; Jeon, E.C.; Sok, J.-H.; Park, J.S.; Kwon, H.; Lee, K.B.; Lee, W.H.

    2007-01-01

    A single pulse of 0.75-2.0 kJ/0.7 g atomized spherical Ti-6Al-4V powder using 150, 300 and 450 μF capacitors was applied in an Ar atmosphere. After discharge, the self-assembled solid core surrounded by a porous layer was composed of Widmanstaetten α + β grains. By manipulating the discharge conditions such as input energy and capacitance, including powder size, porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V implant-typed compacts with various porosities can be produced in short times less than 200 μs without changing the unique microstructure

  16. Silver(I) complexes of the weakly coordinating solvents SO(2) and CH(2)Cl(2): crystal structures, bonding, and energetics of [Ag(OSO)][Al{OC(CF(3))(3)}(4)], [Ag(OSO)(2/2)][SbF(6)], and [Ag(CH(2)Cl(2))(2)][SbF(6)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Decken, Andreas; Knapp, Carsten; Nikiforov, Grigori B; Passmore, Jack; Rautiainen, J Mikko; Wang, Xinping; Zeng, Xiaoqing

    2009-06-22

    Pushing the limits of coordination chemistry: The most weakly coordinated silver complexes of the very weakly coordinating solvents dichloromethane and liquid sulfur dioxide were prepared. Special techniques at low temperatures and the use of weakly coordinating anions allowed structural characterization of [Ag(OSO)][Al{OC(CF(3))(3)}(4)], [Ag(OSO)(2/2)][SbF(6)], and [Ag(Cl(2)CH(2))(2)][SbF(6)] (see figure). An investigation of the bonding shows that these complexes are mainly stabilized by electrostatic monopole-dipole interactions.The synthetically useful solvent-free silver(I) salt Ag[Al(pftb)(4)] (pftb=--OC(CF(3))(3)) was prepared by metathesis reaction of Li[Al(pftb)(4)] with Ag[SbF(6)] in liquid SO(2). The solvated complexes [Ag(OSO)][Al(pftb)(4)], [Ag(OSO)(2/2)][SbF(6)], and [Ag(CH(2)Cl(2))(2)][SbF(6)] were prepared and isolated by special techniques at low temperatures and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The SO(2) complexes provide the first examples of coordination of the very weak Lewis base SO(2) to silver(I). The SO(2) molecule in [Ag(OSO)][Al(pftb)(4)] is eta(1)-O coordinated to Ag(+), while the SO(2) ligands in [Ag(OSO)(2/2)][SbF(6)] bridge two Ag(+) ions in an eta(2)-O,O' (trans,trans) manner. [Ag(CH(2)Cl(2))(2)][SbF(6)] contains [Ag(CH(2)Cl(2))(2)](+) ions linked through [SbF(6)](-) ions to give a polymeric structure. The solid-state silver(I) ion affinities (SIA) of SO(2) and CH(2)Cl(2), based on bond lengths and corresponding valence units in the corresponding complexes and tensimetric titrations of Ag[Al(pftb)(4)] and Ag[SbF(6)] with SO(2) vapor, show that SO(2) is a weaker ligand to Ag(+) than the commonly used weakly coordinating solvent CH(2)Cl(2) and indicated that binding strength of SO(2) to silver(I) in the silver(I) salts increases with increasing size of the corresponding counteranion ([Al(pftb)(4)](-)>[SbF(6)](-)). The experimental findings are in good agreement with theoretical gas-phase ligand

  17. Study of the impact of treatment modes on hardness, deformability and microstructure of VT6 (Ti-6Al-4V and VV751P (Ni-15Co-10Cr alloy samples after selective laser sintering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galkina Natalia V.

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Selective laser sintering is an advanced method for obtaining sophisticated products and assembly permanent joints. This is particularly relevant for heat resistant alloys employed in aviation equipment. Heat treatment modes traditionally applied to the products are chosen in accordance with conditions of further product operation. In this paper there are given the results of experimental study of hardness, deformability and microstructure of samples after selective laser sintering of Ni-15Co-10Cr and Ti–6Al–4V alloy powders. It has been determined that Ni-15Co-10Cr alloy ageing increases the hardness and deformability of samples; these characteristics decrease if the ageing lasts for 9-19 hours. Annealing of Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples results in preserving original hardness. After complete annealing, the hardness of samples decreases from 32 … 33HRC to 24 … 26HRC. Microstructural studies showed that there are cracks between layers in the surface of Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples after sintering and not complete annealing. After full annealing, cracks' width and length decreased. Cracks in Ni-15Co-10Cr alloy samples' microstructure were not detected.

  18. Half-metallic and insulating natures in Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba{sub 2}X{sup III}Ru{sup V}O{sub 6} (X = V, Cr) induced by 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup n} orbital filling

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saad, H.-E.M. Musa, E-mail: musa.1964@gmail.com; Althoyaib, S.S.

    2017-04-01

    In this paper, we present results of a comprehensive systemic study of the crystal, electronic and magnetic structures on two members of Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} (X = V, Cr). For the corporate compound, the analysis of density of states (DOS) results suggests that the 3d-t{sub 2g} orbital filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism in these systems. The DOS and magnetic results show that Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} exhibits half-metallic (HM) nature as X = V, where the electronic structure of Ba{sub 2}V{sup III}Ru{sup V}O{sub 6} with 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup 2} behaves like that of HM ferrimagnetic (FI), switches to compensate FI insulating behavior as X = Cr, with an extra electron filled 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup 3} in Ba{sub 2}Cr{sup III}Ru{sup V}O{sub 6}. We find, on consideration of electron correlation (LSDA+U) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effects that the electronic structure of Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} takes a HM nature, whereas it is completely transformed to insulating nature once an extra electron filled the 3d-t{sub 2g} orbitals in X = Cr case. Such tuning is accompanied by spin-state hopping of one electron from half-filled spin-state in Ru{sup V} (t{sub 2g}{sup 3} e{sub g}{sup 0}) to two and three occupied spin-state in V{sup III} (t{sub 2g}{sup 2} e{sub g}{sup 0}) and Cr{sup III} (t{sub 2g}{sup 3} e{sub g}{sup 0}), respectively. The charge distribution results show that this extra electron occupies chiefly the spin-down of conduction orbitals and plays a major role in determining the electronic and magnetic structures of Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} system. - Highlights: • Half-metallic and insulating natures are observed in Ba{sub 2}XRuO{sub 6} (X = V, Cr). • 3d-t{sub 2g}{sup n} orbitals filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism. • LSDA+U method under density functional theory (DFT) is considered. • HM ferrimagnetic (FI) (X = V) switch to compensate FI insulating (X = Cr).

  19. Minimization of the hole overcut and cylindricity errors during rotary ultrasonic drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nasr, M.; Anwar, S.; El-Tamimi, A.; Pervaiz, S.

    2018-04-01

    Titanium and its alloys e.g. Ti6Al4V have widespread applications in aerospace, automotive and medical industry. At the same time titanium and its alloys are regarded as difficult to machine materials due to their high strength and low thermal conductivity. Significant efforts have been dispensed to improve the accuracy of the machining processes for Ti6Al4V. The current study present the use of the rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) process for machining high quality holes in Ti6Al4V. The study takes into account the effects of the main RUD input parameters including spindle speed, ultrasonic power, feed rate and tool diameter on the key output responses related to the accuracy of the drilled holes including cylindricity and overcut errors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to study the influence of the input parameters on cylindricity and overcut error. Later, regression models were developed to find the optimal set of input parameters to minimize the cylindricity and overcut errors.

  20. Crystal structures of three co-crystals of 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane with 4-alk-oxy-benzoic acids: 4-eth-oxy-benzoic acid-1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (2/1), 4-n-propoxybenzoic acid-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (2/1) and 4-n-but-oxy-benzoic acid-1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (2/1).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tabuchi, Yohei; Gotoh, Kazuma; Ishida, Hiroyuki

    2015-11-01

    The crystal structures of three hydrogen-bonded co-crystals of 4-alk-oxy-benzoic acid-1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (2/1), namely, 2C9H10O3·C12H12N2, (I), 2C10H12O3·C12H12N2, (II), and 2C11H14O3·C12H12N2, (III), have been determined at 93, 290 and 93 K, respectively. In (I), the asymmetric unit consists of one 4-eth-oxy-benzoic acid mol-ecule and one half-mol-ecule of 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane, which lies on an inversion centre. In (II) and (III), the asymmetric units each comprise two crystallographically independent 4-alk-oxy-benzoic acid mol-ecules and one 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane mol-ecule. In each crystal, the two components are linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a linear hydrogen-bonded 2:1unit of the acid and the base. Similar to the structure of 2:1 unit of (I), the units of (II) and (III) adopt nearly pseudo-inversion symmetry. The 2:1 units of (I), (II) and (III) are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming tape structures.

  1. Magnesium hexafluoridozirconates MgZrF{sub 6}.5H{sub 2}O, MgZrF{sub 6}.2H{sub 2}O, and MgZrF{sub 6}. Structures, phase transitions, and internal mobility of water molecules

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gerasimenko, Andrey V.; Gaivoronskaya, Kseniya A.; Slobodyuk, Arseny B.; Didenko, Nina A. [Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok (Russian Federation)

    2017-12-04

    The MgZrF{sub 6}.nH{sub 2}O (n = 5, 2 and 0) compounds were studied by the methods of X-ray diffraction and {sup 19}F, MAS {sup 19}F, and {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy. At room temperature, the compound MgZrF{sub 6}.5H{sub 2}O has a monoclinic C-centered unit cell and is composed of isolated chains of edge-sharing ZrF{sub 8} dodecahedra reinforced with MgF{sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4} octahedra and uncoordinated H{sub 2}O molecules and characterized by a disordered system of hydrogen bonds. In the temperature range 259 to 255 K, a reversible monoclinic <-> two-domain triclinic phase transition is observed. The phase transition is accompanied with ordering of hydrogen atoms positions and the system of hydrogen bonds. The structure of MgZrF{sub 6}.2H{sub 2}O comprises a three-dimensional framework consisting of chains of edge-sharing ZrF{sub 8} dodecahedra linked to each other through MgF{sub 4}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} octahedra. The compound MgZrF{sub 6} belongs to the NaSbF{sub 6} type and is built from regular ZrF{sub 6} and MgF{sub 6} octahedra linked into a three-dimensional framework through linear Zr-F-Mg bridges. The peaks in {sup 19}F MAS spectra were attributed to the fluorine structural positions. The motions of structural water molecules were studied by variable-temperature {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  2. Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of LD10 Aluminum Alloy in UDMH and N2O4 propellant

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Youhong; Chang, Xinlong; Liu, Wanlei

    2018-03-01

    The LD10 aluminum alloy double cantilever beam specimens were corroded under the conditions of Unsymmetric Uimethyl Hydrazine (UDMH), Dinitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4), and 3.5% NaCl environment. The crack propagation behavior of the aluminum alloy in different corrosion environment was analyzed. The stress corrosion cracking behavior of aluminum alloy in N2O4 is relatively slight and there are not evident stress corrosion phenomenons founded in UDMH.

  3. Sintering of powders obtained by mechanical alloying of Cu-1.2 Al w%, Cu-2.3 Ti w% and Cu-2.7 V w%

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rivas, C; Sepulveda, A; Zuniga, A; Donoso, E; Palma, R

    2008-01-01

    This work studies the effect of compacting pressure, temperature and sintering time on density and microstructure after sintering mechanically alloyed powders of Cu-1.2 Al w%, Cu- 2.3 Ti w% and Cu-2.7 V w%. The alloys were manufactured from elementary powders of Cu, Ti, Al and V, by reactive milling. The powders were compacted and sintered under reducer atmosphere. For each alloy, the final density and resulting microstructure of 8 different compacting and sintering conditions were studied, where the following parameters were considered: (1) Compacting pressure (200 MPa and 400 MPa), (2) Sintering temperature (850 o C and 950 o C), (3) Sintering time (1h and 4h). Adjustments were made using lineal regression to describe the effect of the variation of pressure, temperature and time on the density of the materials obtained, and the morphology of the residual porosity was described by observation under an optic microscope. The final maximum density obtained was, in ascending order: Cu-V, 66% of the theoretical density, TD; Cu-Ti, 65% TD and Cu-Al, 77% TD. The reactive milling process produced flake-shaped particles, hardened by deformation, which made the alloys have a final density that was much less than the sintered pure copper (density 87% TD). This is because the hardened powder resists deformation during compacting, which creates less points of contact between particles, slows down sintering, and yields a lower density. The alloying element influenced the size of the particle obtained during the milling, which is attributed to the different milling mediums (toluene for Ti and V, methanol for Al) and to the different hardness of each ceramic when forming in the copper during milling. The bigger the particle size, the greater the green density, the lesser the densification, and the greater the final density, in accordance with the theory. For the three alloys, the increased compacting pressure gives greater green density, greater densification and a final greater

  4. Self-Consolidation Mechanism Of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Implant Prototypes Produced By Electro-Discharge-Sintering Of Spherical Ti-6Al-4V Powders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lee W.H.

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Electro-Discharge-Sintering (EDS was employed to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V porous implant prototypes from atomized powders (100 – 150 μm, that were subjected to discharges of 0.75 to 2.0 kJ/0.7g-powder from 150, 300, and 450 μF capacitors. Both fully porous and porous-surfaced Ti-6Al-4V compacts with various solid core sizes were self-consolidated in less than 86 – 155 μsec. It is known that EDS can simultaneously produce the pinch pressure to squeeze and deform powder particles and the heat to weld them together. The formation of a solid core in these prototypes depends on the amounts of both the pinch pressure and heat generated during a discharge. The size of the solid core and the thickness of the porous layer can be successfully controlled by manipulating the discharge conditions such as input energy and capacitance.

  5. A study of isospin symmetry breaking in carbon 12 with 50 MeV pions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Applegate, J.M.

    1993-03-01

    In the first experiment to use the superconducting RF cavity at LAMPF known as the Scruncher, cross sections have been measured for the 1+ doublet in 12 C by 50 MeV πr ± scattering. The cross section ratio of the isoscalar to the isovector states was found to be 6.8 ± 1.3 for π + + scattering and 3.9 ± 1.4 for π - scattering. These ratios give an isospin mixing matrix element H 01 , of 119 ± 40 key, in good agreement with the average value of 123 ± 26 key deduced from previous pion-scattering data and with values deduced from other probes. The ratio of π + + p to π - + p cross sections was determined experimentally to be 2.60 ± 0.11, in agreement with a theoretical value of 2.85. The agreement of these results indicates that the impulse approximation is valid at 50 MeV. Cross sections were also measured for the elastic and collective states in 12 C and were generally described well by distorted wave Born approximation calculations published previously

  6. Isotope Shifts and Hyperfine Structure in the[Xe]4f(7)5d 6s(2) D-2(J)->[Xe]4f(7)5d 6s 6p F-9(J+1) Transitions of Gadolinium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blaum, K.; Bushaw, Bruce A.; Diel, S; Geppert, Ch; Kuschnick, A; Muller, P.; Nortershauser, W.; Schmitt, A.; Wendt, K.

    1999-01-01

    High-resolution resonance ionization mass spectrometry has been used to measure isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in all[Xe] 4f 7 5d 6s2 9DJ ---[Xe] 4f 7 5d 6s 6p 9FJ+1 (J= 2-6) and the[Xe] 4f 7 5d 6s2 9D6---[Xe] 4f 7 5d 6s 6p 9D5 transitions of gadolinium (Gd I). Gadolinium atoms in an atomic beam were excited with a tunable single-frequency laser in the wavelength range of 422 - 429 nm. Resonant excitation was followed by photoionization with the 363.8 nm line of an argon ion laser and resulting ions were mass separated and detected with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Isotope shifts for all stable gadolinium isotopes in these transitions have been measured for the first time. Additionally, the hyperfine structure constants of the upper states have been derived for the isotopes 155, 157Gd and are compared with previous work. Using prior experimental values for the mean nuclear charge radii, derived from the combination of muonic atoms and electron scattering data, field shift a nd specific mass shift coefficients for the investigated transitions have been determined and nuclear charge parameters l for the minor isotopes 152, 154Gd have been calculated

  7. Mechanical properties of mill-annealed Ti6Al4V investment cast

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Mutombo, K

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Ti6Al4V alloy, produced by investment casting using yttria stabilized zirconia, was machined and then mill-annealed in vacuum furnace. The ultimate strength, yield strength and percentage elongation were largely improved compared to the same alloy...

  8. Dynamic Shear Deformation and Failure of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ran, Chun; Chen, Pengwan

    2018-01-05

    To study the dynamic shear deformation and failure properties of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) alloy and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (Ti-55511) alloy, a series of forced shear tests on flat hat shaped (FHS) specimens for the two investigated materials was performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar setup. The evolution of shear deformation was monitored by an ultra-high-speed camera (Kirana-05M). Localized shear band is induced in the two investigated materials under forced shear tests. Our results indicate that severe strain localization (adiabatic shear) is accompanied by a loss in the load carrying capacity, i.e., by a sudden drop in loading. Three distinct stages can be identified using a digital image correlation technique for accurate shear strain measurement. The microstructural analysis reveals that the dynamic failure mechanisms for Ti-64 and Ti-55511 alloys within the shear band are of a cohesive and adhesive nature, respectively.

  9. Layered Composite of TiC-TiB2 to Ti-6Al-4V in Graded Composition by Combustion Synthesis in High-gravity Field

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Xuegang; Zhao Zhongmin; Zhang Long

    2013-01-01

    By taking combustion synthesis to prepare solidified TiB 2 matrix ceramic in high-gravity field, the layered composite of TiC-TiB 2 ceramic to Ti-6Al-4V substrate in graded composition was achieved. XRD, FESEM and EDS results showed that the bulk full-density solidified TiC-TiB 2 composite was composed of fine TiB 2 platelets, TiC irregular grains, a few of α-Al 2 O 3 inclusions and Cr alloy phases, and α'-Ti phases alternating with Ti-enriched carbides constituted the matrix of the joint in which fine TiB platelets were embedded, whereas some C, B atoms were also detected at the heat-affected zone of Ti-6A1-4V substrate. The layered composite of the solidified ceramic to Ti-6Al-4V substrate in graded composition with continuous microstructure was considered a result of fused joint and inter-diffusion between liquid ceramic and surface-molten Ti alloy, followed by TiB 2 -Ti peritectic reaction and subsequent eutectic reaction in TiC-TiB-Ti ternary system.

  10. Measurement of fission cross-section for the {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 141}Ba reaction induced by neutrons around 14 MeV

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lan, Chang-Lin; Fang, Kai-Hong [Lanzhou University, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province (China); Lanzhou University, Engineering Research Center for Neutron Application, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, Gansu Province (China); Liu, Shuang-Tong; Lv, Tao; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Zheng-Wei [Lanzhou University, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu Province (China); Lai, Cai-Feng [Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Mianyang, Sichuan Province (China)

    2016-11-15

    The fission cross-section of the {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 141}Ba reaction induced by neutrons around 14 MeV was measured precisely with the neutron activation and off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique. Neutron fluence was monitored on-line using the accompanying α-particles from the {sup 3}H({sup 2}H,n){sup 4}He reaction, whereas the neutron energies were measured by the method of cross-section ratios of {sup 90}Zr(n,2n){sup 89}Zr to {sup 93}Nb(n,2n){sup 92m}Nb reactions. The experimentally determined {sup 232}Th(n,f){sup 141}Ba reaction cross-sections were 12.2 ± 0.4 mb at E{sub n} = 14.1 ± 0.3 MeV, 13.0 ± 0.5 mb at E{sub n} = 14.5 ± 0.3 MeV and 13.3 ± 0.5 mb at E{sub n} = 14.7 ± 0.3 MeV, respectively. (orig.)

  11. Experimental investigation of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy and 304L stainless steel friction welded with copper interlayer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Kumar

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The basic principle of friction welding is intermetallic bonding at the stage of super plasticity attained with self-generating heat due to friction and finishing at upset pressure. Now the dissimilar metal joints are especially popular in defense, aerospace, automobile, bio-medical, refinery and nuclear engineerings. In friction welding, some special alloys with dual phase are not joined successfully due to poor bonding strength. The alloy surfaces after bonding also have metallurgical changes in the line of interfacing. The reported research work in this area is scanty. Although the sound weld zone of direct bonding between Ti–6Al–4V and SS304L was obtained though many trials, the joint was not successful. In this paper, the friction welding characteristics between Ti–6Al–4V and SS304L into which pure oxygen free copper (OFC was introduced as interlayer were investigated. Box–Behnken design was used to minimize the number of experiments to be performed. The weld joint was analyzed for its mechanical strength. The highest tensile strength between Ti–6Al–4V and SS304L between which pure copper was used as insert metal was acquired. Micro-structural analysis and elemental analysis were carried out by EDS, and the formation of intermetallic compound at the interface was identified by XRD analysis.

  12. Corrosion-wear of β-Ti alloy TMZF (Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe) in simulated body fluid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xueyuan; Hutchinson, Christopher R

    2016-09-15

    Titanium alloys are popular metallic implant materials for use in total hip replacements. Although, α+β titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V have been the most commonly used alloys, the high Young's modulus (∼110GPa) leads to an undesirable stress shielding effect. An alternative is to use β titanium alloys that exhibit a significantly lower Young's modulus (∼70GPa). Femoral stems made of a β titanium alloy known as TMZF (Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe (wt.%)) have been used as part of modular hip replacements since the early 2000's but these were recalled in 2011 by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) due to unacceptable levels of 'wear debris'. The wear was caused by small relative movement of the stem and neck at the junction where they fit together in the modular hip replacement design. In this study, the corrosion and wear properties of the TMZF alloy were investigated in simulated body fluid to identify the reason for the wear debris generation. Ti64 was used as a control for comparison. It is shown that the interaction between the surfaces of Ti64 and TMZF with simulated body fluid is very similar, both from the point of view of the products formed and the kinetics of the reaction. The dry wear behaviour of TMZF is also close to that of Ti64 and consistent with expectations based on Archard's law for abrasive wear. However, wear of Ti64 and TMZF in simulated body fluid show contrasting behaviours. A type of time-dependent wear test is used to examine the synergy between corrosion and wear of TMZF and Ti64. It is shown that the wear of TMZF accelerated rapidly in SBF whereas that of Ti64 is reduced. The critical role of the strain hardening capacity of the two materials and its role in helping the surface resist abrasion by hydroxyapatite particles formed as a result of the reaction with the SBF is discussed and recommendations are made for modifications that could be made to the TMZF alloy to improve the corrosion-wear response. TMZF is a low modulus β-Ti alloy

  13. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid over ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 photocatalyst

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qiu, Pengxiang; Yao, Jinhua; Chen, Huan; Jiang, Fang; Xie, Xianchuan

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel flower-on-sheet ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 nanocomposite was synthesized. • ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 showed high visible light catalytic activity for 2,4-D degradation. • The photocatalytic degradation pathway of 2,4-D was investigated. - Abstract: ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and applied to visible-light photocatalytic decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous phase. The flower-like ZnIn_2S_4 particles were dispersed on the surface of g-C_3N_4 nanosheets in the ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 composite. The composite showed higher separation rate of electron-hole pairs as compared to ZnIn_2S_4 and g-C_3N_4. Consequently, the ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 composite exhibited enhanced visible light photocatalytic decomposition efficiency of 2,4-D, within 20% ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 composite owning the highest photocatalytic efficiency and initial rate. The initial rates of 2,4-D degradation on g-C_3N_4, ZnIn_2S_4, and 20% ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 were 1.23, 0.57 and 3.69 mmol/(g_c_a_t h), respectively. The h"+ and O_2"·"− were found to be the dominant active species for 2,4-D decomposition. The photocatalytic degradation pathways of 2,4-D by ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 under visible light irradiation were explored. The ZnIn_2S_4/g-C_3N_4 composite displayed high photostability in recycling tests, reflecting its promising potential as an effective visible light photocatalyst for 2,4-D treatment.

  14. Quasi-bound alpha resonant states populated by the {sup 12}C({sup 6}Li, d) reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodrigues, M.R.D.; Borello-Lewin, T.; Miyake, H.; Horodynski-Matsushigue, L.B.; Duarte, J.L.M.; Rodrigues, C.L.; Souza, M.A. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (IF/USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Cunsolo, A.; Cappuzzello, F.; Foti, A.; Agodi, C.; Cavallaro, M. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (LNS/INFN), Catania (Italy). Lab. Nazionali del Sud; Ukita, G.M. [Universidade de Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Psicologia

    2012-07-01

    Full text: The alpha cluster phenomenon in the light nuclei structure has been the subject of a long time investigation since the proposal of the Ikeda diagrams [1]. The main purpose of the research program in progress is the investigation of this phenomenon in (x{alpha}) and (x{alpha}+n) nuclei through the ({sup 6}Li, d) alpha transfer reaction [2-4]. Alpha resonant states around the (4{alpha}) threshold in the nucleus {sup 16}O are the focus of the present contribution. In fact, the importance of these resonances at the elements production in stars is recognized, as primarily pointed out by Hoyle in {sup 12}C [6]. The existence of a rotational band with the {alpha} +{sup 12} C (Hoyle) cluster state structure was recently demonstrated by Ohkubo and Hirabayashi [6]. In order to explore this region of interest, measurements of the {sup 12}C({sup 6}Li, d){sup 16}O reaction up to 17 MeV of excitation at an incident energy of 25.5 MeV, have been performed employing the Sao Paulo Pelletron-Enge Split-Pole facility and the nuclear emulsion detection technique (plates Fuji G6B, 50 {mu}m thick). Spectra associated with six scattering angles, from 5 deg to 29 deg in the laboratory frame, each one 50 cm along the focal surface, were measured. Several narrow resonances with a quasi-bound behavior embedded in the continuum were detected and the resolution of 25 keV allowed for the separation of doublets not resolved before [7,8]. The absolute cross sections and the respective deuteron angular distributions were determined and the analysis is in progress. [1] K. Ikeda et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. E 68, 464 (1968); H. Horiuchi, K. Ikeda, and Y. Suzuki, ibid. 44, 225 (1978). [2] M.R.D.Rodrigues et al., in12th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanism, Varenna, Italy, edited by F. Cerutti and A. Ferrari , CERN Proceedings, 2010-2, pp. 331- 335. [3] T. Borello-Lewin et al., Proceedings of SOTANCP2, Brussels, Belgium 2010, edited by P. Descouvemount et al., Int. J

  15. X-ray radiography of Ti6Al4V welded by plasma tungsten arc (PTA) welding

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dikbas, Halil; Caligulu, Ugur; Taskin, Mustafa; Turkmen, Mustafa [Firat Univ., Elazig (Turkey). Metallurgy Dept.

    2013-03-01

    In this study, X-ray radiographic tests of Ti6Al4V alloys welded by plasma tungsten arc welding (PTA) were investigated. PTA welding experiments were carried out under argon shielding gas atmosphere, at 1400-1600 W and 1800 W welding powers as well as 1 m/min, 0.75 m/min, and 0.50 m/min welding speeds. After this process, radiography of the welded joints was performed by X-ray diffraction. The result of the radiographic tests indicated that by increasing welding power the widths of deep penetration increased in all specimens. On the contrary, increasing welding speeds decreases the widths deep penetration. The best properties of Ti6Al4V joints were observed for specimens welded at 1800 W welding power and at 0.50 m/min welding speed. (orig.)

  16. Half-metallic and insulating natures in Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba_2X"I"I"IRu"VO_6 (X = V, Cr) induced by 3d-t_2_g"n orbital filling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saad, H.-E.M. Musa; Althoyaib, S.S.

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we present results of a comprehensive systemic study of the crystal, electronic and magnetic structures on two members of Ru-based ordered double perovskite oxides Ba_2XRuO_6 (X = V, Cr). For the corporate compound, the analysis of density of states (DOS) results suggests that the 3d-t_2_g orbital filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism in these systems. The DOS and magnetic results show that Ba_2XRuO_6 exhibits half-metallic (HM) nature as X = V, where the electronic structure of Ba_2V"I"I"IRu"VO_6 with 3d-t_2_g"2 behaves like that of HM ferrimagnetic (FI), switches to compensate FI insulating behavior as X = Cr, with an extra electron filled 3d-t_2_g"3 in Ba_2Cr"I"I"IRu"VO_6. We find, on consideration of electron correlation (LSDA+U) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effects that the electronic structure of Ba_2XRuO_6 takes a HM nature, whereas it is completely transformed to insulating nature once an extra electron filled the 3d-t_2_g orbitals in X = Cr case. Such tuning is accompanied by spin-state hopping of one electron from half-filled spin-state in Ru"V (t_2_g"3 e_g"0) to two and three occupied spin-state in V"I"I"I (t_2_g"2 e_g"0) and Cr"I"I"I (t_2_g"3 e_g"0), respectively. The charge distribution results show that this extra electron occupies chiefly the spin-down of conduction orbitals and plays a major role in determining the electronic and magnetic structures of Ba_2XRuO_6 system. - Highlights: • Half-metallic and insulating natures are observed in Ba_2XRuO_6 (X = V, Cr). • 3d-t_2_g"n orbitals filling plays a major role in governing the conduction mechanism. • LSDA+U method under density functional theory (DFT) is considered. • HM ferrimagnetic (FI) (X = V) switch to compensate FI insulating (X = Cr).

  17. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of Cs2Er[Si6O14]F and Cs2Er[Si4O10]F

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dabic, Predrag; Kremenovic, Aleksandar; Vulic, Predag; Kahlenberg, Volker; Schmidmair, Daniela

    2016-01-01

    Single-crystal growth experiments in the system CsF-Er 2 O 3 -SiO 2 resulted in the simultaneous crystallization of two chemically related compounds within the same run: Cs 2 Er[Si 6 O 14 ]F (phase I) and Cs 2 Er[Si 4 O 10 ]F (phase II). They represent the first examples for cesium erbium silicates containing fluorine. Basic crystallographic data are - phase I: space group Cmca, a=17.2556(6) Aa, b=24.6565(7) Aa, c=14.4735(5) Aa, V=6157.9(3) Aa 3 , Z=16; phase II: space group Pnma, a=22.3748(7) Aa, b=8.8390(2) Aa, c=11.9710(4) Aa, V=2367.5(1) Aa 3 , Z=8. The structures were determined by direct methods and refined to residuals of R(vertical stroke F vertical stroke)=0.0229 for 2920 (phase I) and 0.0231 for 2314 (phase II) independent observed reflections with I>2σ(I). The structure of phase I represents a previously unknown structure type with a three dimensional tetrahedral framework consisting of Q 3 and Q 4 groups in the ratio 2:1. Basic building units of the network are unbranched sechser single-chains running parallel to [001]. The network can be conveniently built up from the condensation of tetrahedral layers parallel to (010) or (100), respectively. The crystal structure of phase II can be classified as a tubular or columnar chain silicate indicating that the backbones of the structure are multiple chains of silicate tetrahedra. This structure is isotypic to a Cs 2 Y[Si 4 O 10 ]F, a compound that has been characterized previously. Alternatively, both compounds can be described as mixed octahedral-tetrahedral frameworks, which can be classified according to their polyhedral microensembles. A topological analysis of both nets is presented.

  18. Insights into the mechanism of drug resistance: X-ray structure analysis of G48V/C95F tethered HIV-1 protease dimer/saquinavir complex

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prashar, Vishal; Bihani, Subhash C.; Das, Amit; Rao, D.R.; Hosur, M.V.

    2010-01-01

    The mutation G48V in HIV-1 protease is a major resistance mutation against the drug saquinavir. Recently, G48V mutation is found to co-exist with the mutation C95F in AIDS patients treated with saquinavir. We report here the three-dimensional crystal structure of G48V/C95F tethered HIV-1 protease/saquinavir complex. The structure indicates following as the possible causes of drug resistance: (1) loss of direct van der Waals interactions between saquinavir and enzyme residues PHE-53 and PRO-1081, (2) loss of water-mediated hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen atoms in saquinavir and amide nitrogen atoms of flap residues 50 and 1050, (3) changes in inter-monomer interactions, which could affect the energetics of domain movements associated with inhibitor-binding, and (4) significant reduction in the stability of the mutant dimer. The present structure also provides a rationale for the clinical observation that the resistance mutations C95F/G48V/V82A occur as a cluster in AIDS patients.

  19. Synthesis, crystal structure determination and antiproliferative activity of novel 2-amino-4-aryl-4,10-dihydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2- a]benzimidazoles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hranjec, Marijana; Pavlović, Gordana; Karminski-Zamola, Grace

    2012-01-01

    This manuscript describes the synthesis of novel 2-amino-4-aryl-4,10-dihydro-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2- a]benzimidazoles as hydrochloride salts 4a-n and 5b which were prepared in the reaction of cyclocondensation between 2-guanidinobenzimidazole and versatile heteroaromatic aldehydes. Structures of all prepared compounds have been studied by using 1H and 13C NMR, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structure of 4f was determined by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. The molecule of 2-amino-4-(4'-methylphenyl)-4,10-dihydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2- a]benzimidazole hydrochloride 4f (C 16H 16N 5+·Cl -) exists in the solid state in one of the possible tautomeric forms, being protonated at the one of the nitrogen atoms of the 1,4-dihydrotriazine ring. The molecule is highly delocalized within the 4,10-dihydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2- a]benzimidazole moiety with the highest deviation from the plane for the methine carbon atom and the protonated nitrogen atom of the 1,4-dihydrotriazine ring. The cations are joined via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into R22(8) centrosymmetric dimers. Cation dimers are further connected with Cl - ions via N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into 2D chains spreading along the b axis. The obtained single-crystal X-ray structure determination unequivocally confirms tautomeric form of the compound present in the solid-state and can represent tantative pattern for other prepared compounds. All prepared compounds were tested on their antiproliferative activity in vitro on several human cancer cell lines. Compound 4m was the most active one (IC 50 ≈ 20 μM), while compounds 4d, 4f, 4k, 4l4m showed moderate, but non-selective, antiproliferative activity with IC 50 25-60 μM.

  20. Electrochemical behavior of Ti and Ti6Al4V in aqueous solutions of citric acid containing halides

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anelise Marlene Schmidt

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper reports on an investigation of the electrochemical behavior of Ti grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy in aqueous citric acid solutions with pH 2.0 containing halide ions. Voltammetric studies of Ti and the alloy in citric acid, with and without chloride ions, indicate that the Ti and Ti alloy presented a passive behavior in the test solutions used. Pitting was observed at 3.0 and 2.5 V/SCE for Ti and Ti6Al4V, respectively, when bromide ions were added to the solution. In solutions containing fluoride ions, dissolution of the film occurred at potentials close to - 1.0 V/SCE in both electrodes. The iodide ions oxidized on the passive oxide film at potentials close to 1.0 V/SCE. EIS results of the materials in citric acid solutions containing chloride ions revealed that the film's resistance increased as the applied potential rose from 0 to 1.0 V. In bromide-containing solutions, breakdown of the film was confirmed at potentials above 2.0 V/SCE in both electrodes. These results suggest film reformation for Ti and the alloy in solutions containing fluoride at potentials within the passive region.