Efectividad de la magnetoterapia como tratamiento en pacientes con lumbalgia aguda

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Raidel González Rodríguez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Son numerosos los pacientes aquejados de algias vertebrales, tanto lumbares como dorsales y cervicales. Se realizó esta investigación con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad de la magnetoterapia como tratamiento en la lumbalgia aguda, en pacientes atendidos en el policlínico universitario “Raúl Sánchez” de la provincia de Pinar del Río, Cuba. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal en pacientes con lumbalgia aguda, pertenecientes a dicha área de salud. La muestra quedó conformada por 68 pacientes de ambos sexos con lumbalgia aguda, diagnosticados clínicamente y mayores de 17 años de edad. En la investigación predominó el sexo femenino (67,6 % y el rango de edad estuvo entre 40 y 49 años. El esfuerzo físico fue el principal factor desencadenante (47,1 %. Con el tratamiento de la magnetoterapia aplicado a los pacientes se redujeron los estadios del dolor. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron una respuesta clínica excelente y mejoraron los síntomas entre los siete y diez días (61,8 %. No se reportaron efectos adversos. La magnetoterapia resultó efectiva en el tratamiento de pacientes aquejados de lumbalgia aguda

Serie de 8 casos de parotiditis supurada aguda neonatal

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Manuel Díaz Álvarez

Full Text Available La parotiditis supurada aguda es una infección poco frecuente en la práctica del pediatra y neonatólogo. El objetivo es mostrar nuestra experiencia en la atención de serie de casos con parotiditis supurada aguda en el período neonatal, y describir sus características de presentación. Se presentan los hallazgos clínicos en 8 pacientes con parotiditis supurativa neonatal, quienes estuvieron ingresados en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "Juan Manuel Márquez", durante el período de 22 años (desde el año 1992 hasta el año 2013, y se contrasta con los reportes publicados en la literatura internacional. Las características de presentación de la parotiditis aguda supurada de nuestros casos concuerdan con la literatura revisada en muchos aspectos, y se demuestra que es, además, una infección poco frecuente en el período neonatal. Es la primera publicación sobre esta entidad en neonatos en Cuba, y la mayor serie de casos en el ámbito latinoamericano.

Incidencia de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en menores de cinco años

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Mayelín Ávila Labrada

2015-05-01

Full Text Available La enfermedad diarreica aguda es motivo frecuente de consulta pediátrica, representando un problema grave de salud pública. Los agentes infecciosos son causa frecuente de diarrea aguda. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo sobre la prevalencia de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en menores de cinco años, atendidos en la clínica “Simón Bolívar” en la ciudad de Mariara del municipio Diego Ibarra, Carabobo, Venezuela; en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2012, lo cual ofreció información de cinco años completos. La prevalencia de la enfermedad diarreica aguda disminuyó significativamente en el intervalo 2009-2011, sin embargo, se caracterizó por tener la mayor prevalencia en los años extremos, 2012 y 2008, por ese orden. Los varones y los del grupo de uno a cuatro años fueron los que más incidieron en cada uno de los años estudiados

Notas sobre apendicitis aguda

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Martín Méndez S.

1933-04-01

apendicitis aguda y sin embargo, es necesario decirlo claro, nada hay tan complicado y en ocasiones tan oscuro. Sin duda, a medida que los conocimientos clínicos se extienden, se va iluminando el campo, antes inexplorado, de la cirugía apendicular, y hoy día casi todos los médicos y cirujanos tienen un criterio científico muy bien formado para lograr hacer un buen diagnóstico y aconsejar o llevar a cabo una intervención quirúrgica.

Hepatitis viral aguda

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Héctor Rubén Hernández Garcés

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las hepatitis virales agudas sobre aspectos vinculados a su etiología. Se tuvieron en cuenta además algunos datos epidemiológicos, las formas clínicas más importantes, los exámenes complementarios con especial énfasis en los marcadores virales y el diagnóstico positivoA bibliographical review of acute viral hepatitis was made taking into account those aspects connected with its etiology. Some epidemiological markers, the most important clinical forms, and the complementary examinations with special emphasis on the viral markers and the positive diagnosis were also considered

Algunas observaciones sobre la apendicitis aguda en los niños

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Luis Piñeros Suárez

1940-03-01

Full Text Available La apendicitis aguda en los niños, presenta actitudes particulares que diferencian de la apendicitis aguda del adulto y que vienen a formar grupos clínicos casi exclusivamente de la infancia. De una manera general, las formas más graves, las formas fulminantes de la apendicitis aguda se encuentran especialmente en la infancia y en estas formas graves llama poderosamente la atención, la falta de relación entre los signos clínicos observados y la importancia de las lesiones encontradas en el apéndice y el peritoneo, pues en los niños con signos de intensidad media y sin que se hayan presentado los síntomas que en el adulto caracterizan las formas graves de apendicitis, podemos encontrar en las operaciones practicadas en las primeras 24 a 36 horas, peritonitis generalizadas, formas de apendicitis gangrenosas, que no son frecuentes en el adulto y mucho menos en un lapso de tiempo tan corto.

Estado oxidante e antioxidante de crianças com bronquiolite aguda

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Rusen Dundaroz

2013-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O estresse oxidativo demonstrou contribuir para a patogênese de doenças pulmonares inflamatórias agudas e crônicas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o estado oxidante/antioxidante de crianças com bronquiolite aguda por meio de mensuração da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma, estado oxidante total e índice de estresse oxidativo. MÉTODOS: As crianças com bronquiolite aguda encaminhadas para o Departamento de Emergência Pediátrica do hospital universitário entre janeiro e abril 2012 foram comparadas a controles saudáveis de mesma idade. Os pacientes com bronquiolite aguda tiveram essa doença classificada como leve e moderada. O estado oxidante e antioxidante foi avaliado pela mensuração da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma, estado oxidante total e índice de estresse oxidativo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 31 crianças com bronquiolite aguda com idade de três meses a dois anos e 37 crianças saudáveis. O estado oxidante total (EOT foi maior em pacientes com bronquiolite aguda do que no grupo de controle (5,16±1,99 µmol H2O2 em comparação a 3,78±1,78 µmol H2O2 [p = 0,004]. A capacidade antioxidante total (CAT foi significativamente menor em crianças com bronquiolite que no grupo de controle (2,51±0,37 µmol Trolox equivalente/L em comparação a 2,75±0,39 µmol Trolox Eqv/L (p = 0,013. Os pacientes com bronquiolite moderada apresentaram níveis de EOT mais elevados que os com bronquiolite leve e os do grupo de controle (p = 0,03, p < 0,001. Os pacientes com bronquiolite moderada apresentaram níveis de IEO mais elevados que os do grupo de controle (p = 0,015. O nível de saturação de oxigênio de pacientes com bronquiolite foi inversamente correlacionado ao nível de EOT (r = -0,476, p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: O equilíbrio entre os sistemas oxidante e antioxidante é interrompido em crianças com bronquiolite moderada, indicando que o fator de estresse poderá ter um papel na patogênese da doença.

Otomastoidite Aguda em Criança

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João Araújo

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Criança de 2 anos, sexo masculino, diagnóstico de otite média aguda bilateral, medicada inicialmente com amoxicilina + clavulanato 90 mg/kg/dia desde há 7 dias, internada por agravamento do quadro à esquerda, com edema e eritema retroauricular, apagamento do sulco retroauricular [...] Recebido: 07/09/2015 · Aceite: 7/01/2016

Leucemia congénita aguda Acute congenital leukemia

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Nilvia Esther González García

2011-06-01

Full Text Available La leucemia aguda durante el período neonatal es poco frecuente de evolución rápida y pronóstico sombrío. Sus características clínicas y biológicas difieren de las encontradas en niños de mayor edad, y su inicio se caracteriza por afectación cutánea, hepatoesplenomegalia, hiperleucocitosis e infiltración del sistema nervioso central. Se han observado pacientes con formas tanto mieloides como linfoides, pero la leucemia mieloide aguda parece predominar en esta etapa de la vida. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con leucemia congénita clasificada morfológicamente, con aparición de manifestaciones clínicas de enfermedad hematológica desde el nacimiento y diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda congénita.Acute leukemia during neonatal period is not frequent, of a fast course and gloomy prognosis. Its clinical and biological features differ of that present in older children and it onset is characterized by cutaneous affection, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperleukocytosis and infiltration of central nervous system (CNS. There are patients presenting with myeloid and lymphoid types, but the acute leukemia seems to predominate in this stage of life. This is the case of a patient with acute leukemia morphologically classified, with appearance of clinical manifestations of hematologic disease from birth and a diagnosis of congenital acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e pancreatite aguda: relato de dois casos

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Azevedo, Ana Beatriz Cordeiro de; Brito, Fabiano Almeida; Santos, Flávia Patrícia Sena Teixeira; Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida; Carvalho, Marco Antônio Parreiras de

2003-01-01

A pancreatite aguda é uma manifestação incomum do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e a freqüência desta associação não é conhecida. Contudo, a pancreatite aguda é um diagnóstico diferencial importante na avaliação da dor abdominal em pacientes com LES. Os pacientes, normalmente, apresentam dor de intensidade variável, algumas vezes simulando abdome agudo. Vários fatores têm sido implicados na patogênese desta condição, tais como fenômenos autoimunes, vasculite, anticorpos antifosfolípides e ...

Suscetibilidade genética na lesão pulmonar aguda e síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda Genetic susceptibility in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Fernando Suparregui Dias

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A lesão pulmonar aguda e sua forma mais grave, a síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda, são o denominador comum de várias doenças que podem provocar uma inflamação exagerada nos pulmões. Nos últimos anos, essa variabilidade tem sido atribuída, pelo menos em parte, a fatores genéticos. O presente estudo tem por objetivos revisar o papel dos principais genes envolvidos na suscetibilidade, morbidade e mortalidade na lesão pulmonar aguda e na síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda. Através de pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e LiLACS, empregando-se os unitermos lesão pulmonar aguda, síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda e síndrome da angústia respiratória do adulto em combinação com polimorfismos genéticos, foram selecionados 69 artigos, dos quais 38 foram incluídos nesta revisão. Foram também considerados artigos relevantes extraídos das referências bibliográficas nos artigos selecionados das bases de dados. Os polimorfismos genéticos são variantes gênicas presentes em pelo menos 1% da população. A presença destas variantes genéticas pode influenciar a expressão de mediadores da resposta inflamatória, afetando diretamente a suscetibilidade à lesão pulmonar aguda, a intensidade da inflamação no parênquima pulmonar, a evolução e o desfecho destes pacientes. Estudos de associação com grandes populações e passíveis de reprodução permitirão de modo definitivo a inclusão da genômica no arsenal diagnóstico, prognóstico e terapêutico de pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda/síndrome da angústia respiratória agudaAcute lung injury and its most severe presentation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, are a common denominator for several diseases which can lead to exaggerated lung inflammation. In the last years this variability has been ascribed, at least partially, to genetic issues. This study aims to review the role of the main genes involved in acute lung injury and acute respiratory

Esofagitis necrosante aguda: análisis retrospectivo Acute esophageal necrosis: a retrospective case series

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R. Ramos

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la esofagitis necrosante aguda es una entidad rara. Se reconoce por el aspecto negro difuso del esófago a la endoscopia. Su incidencia e patogénesis se desconoce. Pacientes y métodos: se analizaron retrospectivamente 11 pacientes con esofagitis necrosante aguda desde el punto de vista de los datos clínicos, de laboratorio y endoscopicos en 2 años. Resultados: se analizaron las endoscopias realizadas a 3.976 pacientes, observándose esofagitis necrosante aguda en 11 pacientes. El estado nutricional era malo en 6 pacientes. La resolución completa de la esofagitis se observó en cuatro pacientes. Durante el seguimiento se observó una estenosis en un paciente y un nuevo episodio de esofagitis necrosante aguda en otro paciente. Siete pacientes fallecieron, pero esta elevada mortalidad parece deberse a las enfermedades de base y no es atribuible a las lesiones de la esofagitis necrosante. Conclusiones: la incidencia de esofagitis necrosante aguda en nuestra serie fue 0,28%. La esofagitis necrosante aguda tiene una elevada mortalidad.Background: acute esophageal necrosis has been considered a rare event. It is defined as the presence of diffuse dark pigmentation of the esophagus on upper endoscopy. Its incidence has not yet been established. The pathogenesis remains unknown. Patients and methods: a retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histological data, and of the clinical course of 11 patients with acute necrotizing esophagitis was carried out over a 2-year period. Results: among 3,976 patients who underwent upper endoscopy, 11 (0.28% with acute esophageal necrosis were identified. Nutritional status was poor for 6 patients. Complete resolution of acute esophageal necrosis without further recurrence was observed in 4. One stricture appeared during follow-up and other patient developed new-onset acute esophageal necrosis. Seven patients died, but no death was directly related to acute esophageal necrosis

Intoxicaciones agudas en pediatría

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Yalena Prado Vizcaíno

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: las intoxicaciones han sido en los últimos años una importante causa de aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad en edades pediátricas. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento clínico de las intoxicaciones agudas en la etapa de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2009 en el Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler". Métodos: el estudio se realizó en el Hospital "William Soler". Se revisaron las historias clínicas, los registros de intoxicaciones agudas y las tarjetas de codificación de egresos hospitalarios por intoxicaciones de los pacientes llegados al hospital en esta etapa. Resultados: se recibieron en el hospital 886 pacientes. El grupo de mayor frecuencia de intoxicaciones fue el de 1 a 5 años, con predominio del sexo masculino, aunque sin diferencias significativas con respecto al sexo femenino. Las intoxicaciones más frecuentes fueron por medicamentos, fundamentalmente psicofármacos y antibióticos, seguido por alimentos y por productos químicos del hogar. El 30,2 % de los casos fueron ingresados. Conclusiones: estos resultados nos hacen pensar en la necesidad de estar alertas y crear acciones encaminadas a proteger o evitar las intoxicaciones en edades tan vulnerables.

Bases moleculares de las leucemias agudas

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G. Martínez Antuña

2006-04-01

Full Text Available El gran desarrollo de la biología molecular en los últimos años ha contribuido a un importante avance en los conocimientos relacionados con las bases moleculares de las leucemias agudas (LA. Ademas de profundizar en la biología de estas enfermedades y conocer las bases moleculares, ha renido también gran impacto en mejorar el resultado de los tratamientos y disminuir la toxicidad de las terapias.

NGAL urinária em pacientes sem e com lesão renal aguda em unidade de terapia intensiva

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Mirian Watanabe

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia diagnóstica e prognóstica da lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica urinária em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo do tipo coorte, prospectivo, longitudinal desenvolvido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica especializada em cardiologia. Os pacientes foram estratificados segundo os grupos sem e com lesão renal aguda, acompanhados a partir das primeiras 24 horas de internação até a alta hospitalar ou óbito. A creatinina sérica, o fluxo urinário e a lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica urinária foram coletadas em dois períodos: 24 horas e 48 horas de admissão. Resultados: Foram avaliados 83 pacientes clínicos da unidade de terapia intensiva, com predomínio do gênero masculino (57,8%. Os pacientes foram agrupados em sem lesão renal aguda (N=18, com lesão renal aguda (N=28 ou com lesão renal aguda grave (N=37. Entre os pacientes com lesão renal aguda e lesão renal aguda grave, foram prevalentes os portadores de doenças crônicas, em uso de ventilação mecânica e em terapia de substituição renal, além daqueles com maiores taxas de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e hospitalar, e maior mortalidade. O grupo com lesão renal aguda não apresentou alteração significativa da creatinina sérica nas primeiras 24 horas na unidade de terapia intensiva, apesar dos níveis elevados de lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofilica urinária demonstrados nos grupos com lesão renal aguda e lesão renal aguda grave (p<0,001. Níveis elevados de lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica urinária na amostra foram associados ao óbito. Conclusão: A elevação nos níveis de lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica urinária antecede as variações da creatinina sérica em pacientes com lesão renal aguda e pode ser associada ao óbito.

Comportamento da síndrome coronariana aguda: resultados de um registro brasileiro

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Leopoldo Soares Piegas

2013-06-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O Brasil carece de registros multicêntricos publicados de síndrome coronariana aguda. OBJETIVO: O Registro Brasileiro de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda é um estudo multicêntrico nacional com objetivo de apresentar dados representativos das características clínicas, e manejo e evolução hospitalares dessa síndrome. MÉTODOS: Participaram 23 hospitais de 14 cidades. Foram elegíveis pacientes que se apresentaram com suspeita de síndrome coronariana aguda nas primeiras 24 horas, com quadro clínico sugestivo, associado a alterações eletrocardiográficas compatíveis e/ou marcadores de necrose. O seguimento foi realizado até o óbito ou a alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Entre os anos de 2003 e 2008, foram incluídos 2.693 pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda, sendo 864 (32,1% mulheres. O diagnóstico final foi de angina instável para 1.141 (42,4% pacientes, com mortalidade de 3,06% deles; de infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnível de ST para 529 (19,6% pacientes, com mortalidade de 6,8% deles; e de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnível de ST para 950 (35,3% pacientes, com mortalidade de 8,1% deles; tiveram diagnóstico não confirmado 73 (2,7% pacientes, com mortalidade de 1,36% deles. A mortalidade global foi de 5,53%. O modelo de regressão logística múltipla identificou o gênero feminino (OR=1,45, o diabetes melito (OR=1,59, o índice de massa corporal (OR=1,27 e a intervenção coronariana percutânea (OR=0,70 como fatores de risco de óbito, para demografia e intervenções. Um modelo para óbito por complicações maiores identificou choque cardiogênico/Edema Agudo de Pulmão (OR=4,57, reinfarto (OR=3,48, acidente vascular cerebral (OR=21,56, sangramento grave (OR=3,33, parada cardiorrespiratória (OR=40,27 e classe funcional de Killip (OR=3,37. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados do Registro Brasileiro de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda não diferem de outros coletados fora do país. Seus achados poder

Nutrição na pancreatite aguda : monografia : Nutrition in acute pancreatitis

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Oliveira, Joana da Silva

2009-01-01

Resumo da tese:A pancreatite aguda (PA) é uma doença inflamatória aguda do pâncreas de etiologia multifactorial e pode ter atingimento local (PA ligeira a moderada) ou sistémico (PA grave). A magnitude da lesão pancreática, a presença e extensão da necrose e de infecção determinam o grau de gravidade. Prever a gravidade é fundamental para direccionar antecipadamente a terapêutica médica e nutricional. Na sua maioria, os episódios de PA são ligeiros a moderados, de resolução espontânea, enquan...

Classificação de gravidade na pancreatite aguda

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Tercio De Campos

Full Text Available De acordo com a Classificação de Atlanta a pancreatite aguda pode ser dividida, baseado em sua severidade, em uma forma leve ou grave. Uma série de aspectos têm sido discutidos nos últimos anos, tais como, quantas categorias de gravidade devem ser consideradas; se o doente com falência orgânica é igual ao doente com necrose infectada; qual o papel da falência orgânica transitória; e como avaliar a falência orgânica. A reunião de revista"Telemedicina Baseada em Evidência - Cirurgia do Trauma e Emergência" (TBE-CiTE realizou uma avaliação crítica de artigos relacionados a este tema, considerando três artigos recentes que delinearam duas grandes revisões publicadas nos últimos meses. Estes artigos sugerem a classificação de gravidade em três ou quatro categorias, ao invés de pancreatite aguda leve ou grave, além de discutir qual o melhor escore para avaliar a falência orgânica. As seguintes recomendações foram propostas: (1 A pancreatite aguda deve ser classificada em quatro categorias: leve, moderada, grave e crítica, o que permite uma melhor determinação das características dos doentes; (2 Avaliação de falência orgânica com um escore de gravidade, preferencialmente algum que avalie diretamente cada falência orgânica, tais como o SOFA e o MODS (Marshall. O SOFA parece ter maior acurácia, mas o MODS tem melhor aplicabilidade devido à facilidade de uso.

Detección molecular de las translocaciones más comunes en Leucemia aguda mediante RT-PCR

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L. García

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Evaluar la incidencia de las translocaciones t(4;11, t(1;19, t(9;22 y t(12;21 en leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA y t(15;17, t(8;21 e Inv.(16 en leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA. Correlacionar los resultados obtenidos con el diagnóstico morfológico y citogenético.

Falla cardíaca aguda

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Sénior Sánchez, Juan Manuel; Gándara Ricardo, Jairo Alfonso

2015-01-01

Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 26 años de edad, que acudió al Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (Medellín) con síntomas y signos de falla cardíaca aguda y diagnóstico previo de falla cardíaca crónica con fracción de expulsión disminuida, de origen no claro, tromboembolismo pulmonar y ataque cerebrovascular isquémico, sin modulación neurohormonal óptima. Ingresó a la institución con hallazgos clínicos de sobrecarga hídrica y baja perfusión tisular, con requerimiento de ...

Abdomen agudo ocasionado por apendicitis aguda de probable origen tuberculoso. Informe de un caso

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Montiel-Jarquín, Álvaro José; Alvarado-Ortega, Iván; Romero-Figueroa, María del Socorro; Rodríguez-Pérez, Fabiola; Rodríguez-Lima, Felipe; Loria-Castellanos, Jorge

2017-01-01

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la apendicitis aguda tuberculosa es una enfermedad rara, constituye de 0,001 % a 0,01 % de las formas clínicas de tuberculosis. Se presenta un caso de apendicitis aguda probablemente tuberculosa como causa de abdomen agudo quirúrgico. Caso clínico: hombre de 29 años con cuadro de dolor abdominal leve a moderado que se intensificó y localizó en el hemiabdomen derecho, claudicación, febrícula, vómito, mal estado general, leucocitosis de 11 300/µL y neutrofilia de 91 %....

Intoxicaciones agudas graves en un servicio de medicina intensiva durante doce años

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Palazón Sánchez C

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Conocer la epidemiología de las intoxicaciones agudas graves en un servicio de medicina intensiva y evaluar el pronóstico de la PCR y mortalidad asociada a los distintos tóxicos Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en el servicio de medicina intensiva polivalente de 10 camas, ubicado en un Hospital General de adultos. Período de estudio 12 años. Revisión de las historias clínicas de las personas ingresadas en el servicio de medicina intensiva por intoxicaciones agudas graves. Se recogieron datos demográficos, existencia de PCR al ingreso, necesidad de VM, complicaciones de las intoxicaciones agudas graves y mortalidad de la serie. Se realizó un análisis global y por año de estudio. El tratamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó con el paquete SPSS mediante la "t" de Student o la "chi" cuadrado, considerando valores significativos si p<0,05 Resultados: Se han incluido 233 sujetos, de los que 130 fueron varones. La estancia media fue de 4 días. El 63% de los pacientes fueron menores de 40 años (p<0,05. La intoxicación más frecuente fue la medicamentosa debida a un solo producto (72%. La supervivencia tras la PCR fue del 40% (4/10. La mortalidad global se situó en el 5,6% (n=13, habiendo precisado el 92% de los sujetos que posteriormente murieron, VM en algún momento de su ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, la intoxicación más frecuente es la medicamentosa. La mortalidad se muestra dependiente del carácter de voluntariedad, pero independiente del tipo de tóxico (medicamentoso o no. La PCR asociada a las intoxicaciones agudas graves tiene, en nuestra serie, un mejor pronostico que la asociada a otras patologías. La VM asociada a las intoxicaciones agudas graves tiene una mortalidad baja (15,7%

Dor aguda no joelho do paciente idoso Acute knee pain in elderly patients

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Gilberto Luís Camanho

2008-09-01

Full Text Available A dor aguda no joelho de pacientes idosos é freqüente, sendo caracterizada por seu aparecimento súbito, sem causa aparente, com exame radiográfico dentro dos padrões da normalidade, na maioria dos casos. A etiologia da dor aguda no joelho é decorrente de insuficiência das estruturas, e seu quadro clínico difere completamente daquele determinado pela osteoartrose, sendo sempre unilateral e ocorre na grande maioria em pacientes do sexo feminino, após a quinta década de vida, e na região medial do joelho (local de maior carga. Com o propósito de analisar as possíveis etiologias para a dor aguda do joelho de pacientes acima de 60 anos de idade, suas características e tratamento, os autores discutem as etiologias relacionadas à dor aguda: lesão meniscal, fratura por fadiga e osteonecrose idiopática.Acute knee pain in elderly patients is not uncommon, and is characterized by a sudden onset, no apparent cause, and by normal radiographic findings in most cases. The etiology of acute knee pain is the result of insufficient structures, and clinical symptoms are totally different from the symptoms seen in osteoarthrosis. This acute pain in the knee is always unilateral and in the medial region of the knee joint (site with the heaviest load, predominantly in females after the fifth decade of live. In order to consider the possible etiologies for acute knee joint pain in patients older than 60 years, its characteristics and treatment, the authors discuss etiologies related to acute pain: lesion of the meniscus, stress fracture, and idiopathic osteonecrosis.

Carambola como causa de lesão renal aguda

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Karilla Lany Scaranello

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A carambola pertence à família das Oxalidáceas, espécie Averrhoa carambola. É rica em sais minerais, vitaminas A, C, complexo B e ácido oxálico. Estudos recentes demonstram que a toxicidade da fruta difere entre os indivíduos e pode ser explicada pelas respostas biológicas individuais como idade, quantidade da ingestão, neurotoxinas em cada tipo de fruta. Adicionalmente, a nefrotoxicidade causada pela fruta é dose dependente, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda pela deposição de cristais de oxalato de cálcio intratubular, assim como por lesão direta das células epiteliais tubulares, levando à apoptose das mesmas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente que, após a ingestão do suco da fruta e fruta in natura, desenvolveu lesão renal aguda, necessitando de terapia dialítica, evoluindo com desfecho favorável e recuperação da função renal.

Tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico con prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles insertadas endoscópicamente Palliative management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with endoscopically inserted self-expanding metal stents

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J. García-Cano

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes y objetivo: la inserción de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles para paliar la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, que cada vez se utiliza con más frecuencia. Presentamos la experiencia de esta técnica en un hospital de nivel II del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de un periodo de cinco años (2003-2007, en los que se trató de resolver la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico en 27 ocasiones a 23 pacientes (media de 0,45 procedimientos por mes, mediante la inserción endoscópica de prótesis no recubiertas (Wallstent® y Wallflex®. Resultados: la inserción fue técnicamente posible en el 100% de los 27 intentos. Se obtuvo un buen resultado clínico en 25 ocasiones (92,5%. Se utilizó sólo endoscopia 10 (37% veces y en las otras 17 (63% también fluoroscopia. Tras la inserción de la prótesis se intervino a un paciente con intención curativa y a otro, en el que la prótesis no funcionó, para realizar una derivación paliativa. Cuatro prótesis se obstruyeron por crecimiento tumoral, recanalizándose mediante la inserción de nuevas prótesis. En tres ocasiones se produjo ictericia obstructiva en prótesis que cubrían la papila de Vater. No hubo otras complicaciones. Tampoco mortalidad derivada del procedimiento. La media de supervivencia fue de 104 días (rango 28-400, DE ± 94. Conclusiones: en nuestra experiencia, la inserción endoscópica de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles parece un método seguro y eficaz en el tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción tumoral del vaciamiento gástrico y puede llevarse a cabo con éxito en un centro de nuestras características.Aim and background: the insertion of self-expanding metal stents to palliate malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a minimally invasive procedure that is being increasingly used. We discuss experience with this technique in a level-II hospital in the

Ataxia cerebelar aguda na criança

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Valeriana Moura Ribeiro

1968-03-01

Full Text Available São relatados os casos de 6 crianças com ataxia cerebelar aguda. Admitem os autores a presença de um fator etiológico de caráter viral comum a todos êles, discutindo os mecanismos patogênicos com base nos casos da literatura. A evolução foi favorável em todos os pacientes, com regressão completa da sintomatologia, dentro do período de 6 a 60 dias.

Relación entre las infecciones respiratorias agudas altas y el asma bronquial

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Verónica Soler Fonseca

Full Text Available Introducción: la infección respiratoria es la enfermedad más frecuente en los seres humanos, pues es responsable de la mitad de todas las enfermedades agudas. En Cuba al igual que en el resto del mundo, el asma bronquial constituye un importante problema de salud con incidencia relevante en los niños. Se señala que las infecciones virales están involucradas en la patogénesis del asma, sobre todo en el paciente pediátrico. Objetivo: identificar la influencia de las Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas Altas en la aparición y exacerbación de las crisis de asma bronquial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo de los pacientes ingresados con asma bronquial en el servicio de enfermedades respiratorias del Hospital Pediátrico Docente de San Miguel del Padrón, durante todo el año 2008. Resultados: el tiempo de evolución de la IRAA más frecuente que desencadenó la crisis de asma bronquial fue de más de 7 días, con un 54,8 %. Un total de 188 pacientes presentaron rinofaringitis aguda catarral relacionada con la aparición de la crisis de asma bronquial, lo que representó el 82,4 % del total de la muestra. Conclusiones: predominó el grupo de 1 a 4 años con manifestaciones respiratorias altas de posible etiología viral sin diferencias apreciables en relación con el sexo. La mayoría de los pacientes que participaron en el estudio presentaron IRAA de etiología viral (Rinofaringitis, que precedieron la aparición y exacerbación de las crisis agudas de asma bronquial.

Aspectos disautonômicos da porfiria aguda intermitente: a propósito de seis casos

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Charles P. Tilbery

1979-06-01

Full Text Available Foram estudados seis casos de porfiria aguda intermitente, sendo enfocados os aspectos disautonômicos apresentados durante a longa permanência hospitalar dos doentes (média de 64 dias. Foram observados taquicardia sinusal e hipertensão arterial (4 casos, parada cardíaca (3 casos e depressão respiratória (5 casos. Os autores tecem comentários a propósito da fisiopatologia destas alterações e chamam a atenção sobre o prognóstico sombrio da porfiria aguda intermitente.

O mosaico patogênico da pancreatite aguda grave

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Márcio Cavalcante Carneiro

Full Text Available A pancreatite aguda tem sido alvo de grandes discussões que vão desde o entendimento de sua fisiopatologia até a investigação de novas modalidades terapêuticas. Reconhece-se que a necrose pancreática e a falência orgânica múltipla - mormente associadas à infecção - representam os principais fatores determinantes da evolução para o óbito, mas, apesar dos grandes avanços em seu estudo, a doença permanece como um desafio para o clínico e o cirurgião. Deste modo, um melhor conhecimento dos mecanismos envolvidos em sua fisiopatologia pode ser a chave para um tratamento mais eficaz, principalmente em relação às formas graves, cuja letalidade ainda encontra-se substancialmente elevada. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a revisão bibliográfica da fisiopatologia, dos fatores patogênicos envolvidos na história natural da pancreatite aguda grave e dos eventos associados à síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e à sepse, esboçando-se assim o mosaico patogênico desta importante condição.

Caracterización epidemiológica de la descompensación aguda del asma bronquial

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Yanin Arteaga Prado

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el asma bronquial tiene una compleja fisiopatología que involucra la presencia en el paciente de factores genéticos de atopia, mecanismos inmunológicos disfuncionales. Objetivo: caracterizar la asociación de diversos aspectos epidemiológicos con la aparición de descompensaciones agudas del asma bronquial. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal a 118 pacientes del área de dos consultorios médicos del Policlínico Universitario "Hermanos Cruz" de la Ciudad de Pinar del Río durante el primer trimestre del 2012. Se comparó el grupo de pacientes que presentaron descompensaciones de la enfermedad con el grupo de pacientes que no se descompensó. Se aplicó un cuestionario para explorar las variables de interés. Para verificar la asociación entre variables se utilizó el estadígrafo ji cuadrado para un valor de significación estadística á=0.05. Resultados: las descompensaciones agudas fueron casi dos veces más frecuentes en el sexo femenino. De manera muy significativa (Z=3,26 p<0,01 una tercera parte de los asmáticos de su enfermedad; las amas de casa y los estudiantes fueron los más afectados. Solo el 38,1 % de los asmáticos tuvo un adecuado seguimiento por un especialista (clínico, pediatra, alergólogo o inmunólogo y de estos solo el 11,1 % presentaron descompensaciones agudas, en tanto se descompensó un 39,7 % de los que no tienen seguimiento especializado. Conclusiones: la degradación de las condiciones de la vivienda favoreció la aparición de descompensaciones agudas del asma. En tres cuartas partes de las casas había animales domésticos, existiendo una fuerte asociación entre esta condición y la aparición de descompensaciones agudas del paciente asmático.

Sertralina e pancreatite aguda: relato de caso Sertraline and acute pancreatitis: a case-report

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André Malbergier

2004-03-01

Full Text Available A pancreatite aguda é uma patologia grave e com considerável morbidade e mortalidade. Vários fatores são apontados como possíveis causas de pancreatite aguda. Neste relato, será apresentado um caso de pancreatite aguda com possível associação causal com um inibidor seletivo de recaptura de serotonina: sertralina. Após um mês de tratamento com sertralina, uma paciente do sexo feminino, 55 anos, desenvolveu forte dor abdominal e elevação da amilase sérica. Após internação e retirada da sertralina, seus sintomas remitiram e os níveis de amilase voltaram ao normal. Pela potencial gravidade do quadro e pelo amplo uso desta medicação, tal associação deve ser lembrada em investigações de casos de pancreatite aguda.Acute pancreatitis is a severe disease with considerable morbidity and mortality. Many risk factors are causally related to acute pancreatitis. In this report, a case of acute pancreatitis with possible causal relationship with the use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, sertraline, will be discussed. After one month of treatment with sertraline, a female patient, 55 years-old, developed a severe abdominal pain and showed a serum amylase elevation. She was admitted to the hospital and the use of sertraline was interrupted. After that, the symptoms remitted and the serum amylase level returned to normal. Because of the potential severity of this disease and the widespread use of sertraline, this association should be reminded when investigating possible causes for acute pancreatitis.

Soporte nutricional en la insuficiencia renal aguda

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O. Cristina Olivos, Dra.

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA se presenta frecuentemente en distintas condiciones clínicas y es especialmente frecuente en unidades de cuidados intensivos. La presencia de IRA se considera como un factor de riesgo independiente de morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalaria. De ahí la importancia de evaluar los diversos factores determinantes de su evolución, entre los que cuenta la desnutrición calórico-proteica. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar la literatura más relevante hasta la actualidad en este tema.

TOXICIDAD AGUDA DE Aleurites moluccana POR VIA ORAL EN RATAS SPRAGUE-DAWLEY

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Laura Rocío Orellana-Cuéllar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la toxicidad aguda por Aleurites moluccana por administración oral en ratas Sprague-Dawley. Metodología: Estudio experimental realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina-UNMSM. Se usaron treinta ratas Sprague-Dawley, hembras y machos, de 6 semanas de edad. Se formaron aleatoriamente tres grupos de diez ratas: grupo A1, recibió 8,2 mg/Kg de peso de A. moluccana; grupo  A2, recibió 2000 mg/Kg de peso de A. moluccana; grupo control, recibió agua ad libitum. Se evaluaron los signos clínicos de toxicidad, los pesos, variables bioquímicas y las características histopatológicas de hígado, riñón, corazón, intestino, bazo y gónadas. Se consideró significativo un p0,05. Los grupos  A1 y A2 presentaron signos clínicos de toxicidad y la muerte de tres ratas; células hepáticas binucleadas y regenerativas en el hígado; y hemorragia glomerular en el riñón. Conclusiones: Las variables clínicas e histopatológicas en hígado y riñón demostraron que la Aleurites moluccana produce toxicidad aguda, las variables bioquímicas no demostraron este efecto. Palabras Claves: Aleurites moluccana, Toxicidad aguda, Ratas Sprague-Dawley.

Síndrome coronariana aguda em paciente jovem com sintomas atípicos

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Gustavo Daher

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O diagnóstico da dor torácica aguda no setor de emergência pode ser difícil e desafiador, incluindo diversos diagnósticos diferenciais, dentre eles: causas benignas a causas potencialmente fatais. O diagnóstico na maioria das vezesé estabelecido através do quadro clínico e de exames complementares como: marcadores de necrose miocárdica, eletrocardiograma e radiografia de tórax.A angiotomografia coronariana tem sido utilizada nos casos de dor torácica aguda com baixa ou intermediária probabilidade de síndrome coronariana aguda, permitindo sua exclusão e conseqüente alta precoce dos pacientes. Apresentamosrelato de caso de uma paciente jovem com dor precordial atípica e marcadores de necrose miocárdica discretamente elevados. Considerando-se a epidemiologia e o quadro clínico da paciente, foi feita hipótese diagnóstica inicial de miocardite. A angiotomografia cardíaca com pesquisa de realce tardiofoi solicitada. Apesar do escore de cálcio ter sido zero, foi diagnosticada lesão estenosante grave no terço médio da artéria coronária descendente anterior com realce tardio na parede anterior do ventrículo esquerdo, compatível comnecrose miocárdica. A paciente foi submetida a cateterismo com angioplastia da lesão.

Cerebelite aguda causada por vírus Epstein-Barr: relato de caso

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Teive Hélio A.G.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available A cerebelite aguda pode ocorrer em associação a infecção pelo vírus da varicela-zoster, enterovirus, caxumba, micoplasma e outros agentes infecciosos. A cerebelite aguda é uma complicação rara da infecção pelo vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 21 anos com história de 12 dias de evolução com náuseas, vômitos, ataxia de marcha e membros, tremor cefálico e de membros, opsoclono, mioclonias e rash cutâneo. Sorologia para EBV foi positiva. A infecção pelo EBV, com complicações neurológicas, pode não se apresentar com os sinais e sintomas clássicos da mononucleose infeciosa.

Insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Regional de Cuilapa, Santa Rosa, Guatemala

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Ronald J. Ajcalon

2017-03-01

Full Text Available La insuficiencia renal aguda, es una condición común en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos (UCIA y probablemente una consecuencia de la enfermedad crítica que se asocia a resultados clínicos adversos, altos costos y una mortalidad de más del 50%, sobre todo si se requiere tratamiento de reemplazo renal. El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes ingresados a la UCIA. El estudio fue prospectivo, longitudinal, observacional, en 101 pacientes ingresados en la UCIA del Hospital Regional de Cuilapa. Se diagnosticaron 101 pacientes durante el periodo de estudio con insuficiencia renal aguda represento el 27.4% del total de pacientes internados (368 en el servicio en un año. La incidencia de mortalidad en pacientes que requieren terapia de reemplazo renal y se encuentran en ventilación mecánica es del 100%. Del total de pacientes estudiados, según la escala Akin, se encontró que el 49.5% de los pacientes correspondían a grado II, aunque el grado I también fue frecuente (29%, y que el 22 % de los pacientes correspondían a grado III. La patología que mayormente se asoció al desarrollo de insuficiencia renal aguda fue sepsis grave con un 31%, seguido de pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor e hipovolemia con el 21 y 18% respectivamente. Se halló una incidencia aumentada de insuficiencia renal aguda comparado con estadísticas internacionales, cuya etiología fue mayormente causada por procesos sépticos.

Effect of hyperthermia on experimental acute pancreatitis Efeito da hipertermia na pancreatite aguda experimental

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José Luiz Jesus de Almeida

2006-12-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUD: Recent studies indicate that hyperthermia can change inflammatory mechanisms and protect experimental animals from deleterious effects of secretagogue-induced acute pancreatitis AIM: To evaluate the effects of hyperthermia post-treatment on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats METHODS: Twenty animals were divided in two groups: group I (n = 10, rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis undergone hyperthermia, and group II (n = 10, animals with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis that were kept normothermic. In all groups, amylase serum levels, histologic damage, vascular permeability and pancreatic water content were assessed. Acute pancreatitis was induced by administration of two cerulein injections (20 mcg/kg. A single dose of Evans' blue dye was administered along with the second dose of cerulein. All animals also received a subcutaneous injection of saline solution. After this process, animals undergone hyperthermia were heated in a cage with two 100 W lamps. Body temperature was increased to 39.5ºC and maintained at that level for 45 minutes. Normothermia rats were kept at room temperature in a second cage RESULTS: Control animals had typical edema, serum amylase activity and morphologic changes of this acute pancreatitis model. Hyperthermia post-treatment ameliorated the pancreatic edema, whereas the histologic damage and the serum amylase level remained unchanged CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a beneficial effect of the thermal stress on inflammatory edema in experimental acute pancreatitis.RACIONAL: Estudos recentes indicam que a hipertermia pode modificar mecanismos inflamatórios e proteger animais experimentais dos efeitos deletérios da pancreatite aguda induzida por secretagogos OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da hipertermia como tratamento da pancreatite aguda induzida por ceruleína em ratos MÉTODOS: Vinte animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo I (n = 10, ratos com pancreatite aguda induzida por

Miopia aguda induzida por topiramato: relato de dois casos

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Kathy Dadam Sgrott

2011-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A miopia aguda pode ser desencadeada pelo uso de medicações sistêmicas, dentre elas, o anticonvulsivante topiramato. Este trabalho descreve dois casos de pacientes jovens com quadro agudo bilateral de miopia induzida por terapia com topiramato para controle de síndrome depressiva, fazendo relação com casos semelhantes descritos na literatura e revisão bibliográfica pertinente.

Infarto esplénico secundario a pancreatitis aguda Splenic infarction secondary to acute pancreatitis

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J. J. Arenal Vera

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Fundamento y objetivo: la estrecha relación anatómica del páncreas con los vasos esplénicos y el bazo es responsable de complicaciones esplénicas en el curso de la pancreatitis aguda. El objetivo es presentar dos casos clínicos de pancreatitis aguda grave que sufrieron infarto esplénico como complicación de la enfermedad pancreática. Pacientes, participantes: en un periodo de tres meses, dos pacientes fueron diagnosticados de infarto esplénico secundario a pancreatitis aguda. En ambos casos el diagnóstico y seguimiento evolutivo del infarto esplénico se hizo a través de tomografía axial computerizada. Resultados: en el primer paciente, las imágenes muestran de forma inequívoca la afectación de la arteria esplénica por el proceso inflamatorio pancreático. En el segundo, no se pudo demostrar afectación de los vasos esplénicos, por lo que la única posible explicación etiológica es un incremento de coagulabilidad intravascular. Conclusiones: sería recomendable añadir las complicaciones esplénicas al conjunto de complicaciones graves extrapancreáticas de la pancreatitis aguda. La tomografía axial computerizada es de gran utilidad para la detección y seguimiento de las complicaciones esplénicas de la pancreatitis aguda.Background and objective: the close anatomic relationship of the pancreas with the splenic vessels and the spleen is responsible for splenic complications in the course of acute pancreatitis. Our objective was to report two cases of severe acute pancreatitis complicated by splenic infarction. Patients: in a three-month period of time two patients were diagnosed with splenic infarction secondary to acute pancreatitis. In both cases splenic infarction diagnosis and follow-up were carried out using computed tomography. Results: in the first case images clearly showed a narrowing of the splenic artery due to the inflammatory pancreatic condition. In the second case no involvement of the splenic vessels could

Inmunofenotipos aberrantes en leucemias agudas en una población hospitalaria de Buenos Aires

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Viviana Novoa

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La citometría de flujo multiparamétrica es el método de elección para la caracterización inmunofenotípica de las células hematopoyéticas clonales presentes en los distintos procesos leucémicos agudos. El objetivo fue analizar la expresión de antígenos de membrana y evaluar la presencia de fenotipos aberrantes en los blastos de pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia aguda, que permiten el monitoreo de la respuesta al tratamiento. Se revisaron los inmunofenotipos de 364 muestras de pacientes adultos derivadas a nuestro laboratorio en un período de 7 años. El inmunofenotipo se realizó por citometría de flujo con un amplio panel de anticuerpos monoclonales con el que se evaluó la expresión de antígenos de linaje linfoide, mieloide y también antígenos de maduración. De las 364 muestras estudiadas, 60.2% presentaron un fenotipo compatible con leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA, 28.8% con leucemia linfoblástica B (LLA-B, 6.6% con leucemia linfoblástica T (LLA-T y 4.4% con leucemias agudas poco frecuentes. La presencia de fenotipos aberrantes se observó en 89% de los casos, los fenotipos aberrantes identificados fueron: 1 infidelidad de linaje: LMA (54%, LLA-B (40%, LLA-T (29%; 2 ausencia de expresión antigénica: LMA (21%, LLA-B (35%, LLA-T (70%; 3 alteración de la expresión antigénica: LMA (67%, LLA-B (66%, LLA-T (84%; 4 asincronismo madurativo: LMA (26%, LLA-B (37% y 5 fenotipo ectópico: LLA-T 96%. El análisis por citometría de flujo multiparamétrica de las leucemias agudas permitió la identificación de fenotipos aberrantes en la mayoría de nuestros pacientes, que son de utilidad para el monitoreo de la respuesta al tratamiento.

Coréia aguda na gravidez

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Walter C. Pereira

1967-12-01

Full Text Available São apresentados doze casos de coréia aguda observados entre 150.000 gestantes (1/12.500. A maioria dos surtos ocorreu no segundo trimestre da primeira gravidez. A duração média dos sintomas foi de três meses, não tendo sido registrado caso algum de óbito materno. Todos os partos foram espontâneos e normais. Houve apenas um óbito fetal conseqüente a choque hemorrágico. São tecidas considerações a propósito dos aspectos clínico, laboratorial e prognóstico da coréia gravídica, sendo focalizado mais pormenorizadamente o problema fisiopatogênico dessa afecção.

Efecto de la restitución temprana de la nutrición oral en la pancreatitis aguda leve

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Vega Sandoval, Carlos Andres; Isaza Restrepo, Andres; Moscoso Daza, Alejandro

2010-01-01

Aunque el manejo nutricional de los pacientes con Pancreatitis Aguda Severa ha sido bien establecido por la evidencia disponible, el inicio de la vía oral en Pancreatitis Leve no ha sido igualmente estudiado. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del inicio temprano de la nutrición por vía oral en estos pacientes. Métodos: Realizamos un descriptivo serie de comparación de casos en los cuales comparamos la evolución y resultados del manejo de los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda ant...

Sumário de atualização da II Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda 2009/2011

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Marcelo Westerlund Montera

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos dois anos, observamos diversas modificações na abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica dos pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca aguda (IC aguda, o que nos motivou quanto à necessidade da realização de um sumário de atualização da II Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda de 2009. Na avaliação diagnóstica, o fluxograma diagnóstico foi simplificado e foi fortalecido o papel da avaliação clínica e ecocardiograma. Na avaliação clínico-hemodinâmica admissional, o ecocardiograma hemodinâmico ganhou destaque no auxilio da definição dessa condição no paciente com IC aguda na sala de emergência. Na avaliação prognóstica, os biomarcadores tiveram seu papel mais bem estabelecido, e a síndrome cardiorrenal teve seus critérios e valor prognóstico mais bem definidos. Os fluxogramas de abordagem terapêutica foram revistos, tornando-se mais simples e objetivos. Dentre os avanços na terapêutica medicamentosa destacam-se a segurança e a importância da manutenção ou introdução dos betabloqueadores na terapêutica admissional. A anticoagulação, de acordo com as novas evidências, ganha um espectro maior de indicações. O edema agudo de pulmão tem bem estabelecido os seus modelos hemodinâmicos de apresentação com suas distintas formas de abordagens terapêuticas, com novos níveis de indicação e evidência. No tratamento cirúrgico da IC aguda, a revascularização miocárdica, a abordagem das lesões mecânicas e o transplante cardíaco foram revistos e atualizados. Este sumário de atualização fortalece a II Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda por mantê-la atualizada e rejuvenescida. Todos os clínicos cardiologistas que lidam com pacientes com IC aguda encontrarão na diretriz e em seu sumário de atualização importantes instrumentos no auxílio da prática clínica para o melhor diagnóstico e tratamento de seus pacientes.

Respostas cardiovasculares agudas em ambiente virtualmente simulado pelo Nintendo Wii

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Renato Aparecido de Souza

2013-01-01

Full Text Available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2013v15n1p60 Recentemente, tem sido verificada a utilização do Nintendo Wii no contexto da saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as respostas cardiovasculares agudas monitoradas por meio do comportamento da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica e duplo produto, em ambiente virtualmente simulado pelo console Nintendo Wii. A amostra foi composta por 18 universitários saudáveis, com média de idade de 22,07 ± 1,34 anos. As variáveis foram observadas com uso de deltas (valor final - inicial após 25 arremessos de basquetebol em duas situações experimentais: (I com o voluntário sentado e, (II com o voluntário saltando verticalmente. Os resultados sugerem que a prática de atividade física em ambiente virtual emulado pelo Nintendo Wii é capaz de alterar as respostas cardiovasculares agudas, especialmente, quando realizada em associação a saltos verticais. Assim, os resultados sustentam a viabilidade do uso do Nintendo Wii em programas de treinamento e favorecem sua indicação de forma mais segura.

Intoxicaciones agudas graves en un servicio de medicina intensiva durante doce años

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César Palazón Sánchez

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Conocer 12 epidemiología de las u~tux~- aciones agudas graves en un servicio de medicina intensiva y evaluar el pronóstico de la PCR y mortalidad asociada a los distintos tóxicos.

Leucemia linfoblástica aguda em lactentes: 20 anos de experiência

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Amanda Ibagy

2013-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar pacientes com menos de dois anos de idade com leucemia linfoblástica aguda atendidos no período de 1990 a 2010, em um centro de referência estadual. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico, epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo e observacional. Pacientes incluídos tinham menos de dois anos de idade, com leucemia linfoblástica aguda, tratados no período de 1990 a 2010 na unidade de oncologia pediátrica de um centro de referência estadual, totalizando 41 casos. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes eram Caucasianos e 60,9% eram do sexo feminino. Com relação à idade, 24,38% tinham menos de seis meses, 17,07% tinham entre seis meses e um ano e 58,53% mais do que um ano de idade. A idade de seis meses foi estatisticamente significante para o desfecho de óbito. Os sinais e sintomas predominantes foram febre, hematomas e petéquias. Uma contagem de leucócitos superior a 100.000 foi observada em 34,14% dos casos; hemoglobina inferior a 11 em 95,13% e contagem de plaquetas inferior a 100.000, em 75,61% dos casos. Infiltração do sistema nervoso central estava presente em 12,91% dos pacientes. Em relação à linhagem, a linhagem B predominou (73%, mas a linhagem de células T foi estatisticamente significativa para o óbito. Trinta e nove por cento dos pacientes tiveram recorrência da doença. Em relação ao estado vital, 70,73% dos pacientes morreram, sendo choque séptico a principal causa. CONCLUSÕES: leucemia linfoblástica aguda em crianças tem uma alta taxa de mortalidade, principalmente em crianças menores de um ano e linhagem derivada de células T.

Insuficiencia renal aguda inducida por mordedura de serpiente Bothrops

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Gustavo A. Aroca Martínez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Mujer de 58 años de edad, remitida a urgencias por presentar cuadro clínico de insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA secundaria a mordedura de serpiente (Bothrops Atrox. Ingresa hipotensa con elevación de azoados e hiperkalemia, ecografía renal dentro de parámetros normales. Se maneja terapia dialítica con lo cual presenta mejoría clínica. En este reporte se detallan aspectos del diagnóstico, manejo clínico y posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos que explican el daño renal.

Isquemia aguda de miembros inferiores secundaria a ergortismo

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Franco J. Vallejo, MD

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Paciente de género femenino, de 21 años de edad, quien ingresó por dolor progresivo e intenso en miembros inferiores, y refirió antecedente reciente de ingestión de derivados del ergot. Al examen físico se observó ausencia de pulsos en ambos miembros inferiores. Por angiotomografia se documentó disminución severa, generalizada y bilateral, del calibre de los vasos arteriales de miembros inferiores. Se diagnosticó isquemia arterial aguda secundaria a ergotismo y se inició tratamiento con vasodilatadores y calcio-antagonistas, que resolvió los síntomas en su totalidad.

Caracterización del comportamiento clínico-quirúrgico de la pancreatitis aguda en una unidad hospitalaria de Pinar del Río

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Eduardo Rogelio García Noguera

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la pancreatitis aguda es una enfermedad que produce diversos grados de inflamación en el órgano y puede llegar hasta la necrosis glandular. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento clínico-quirúrgico en los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda en el Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Rio, en el periodo de 2009-2012. Material y método: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva, longitudinal, retrospectiva, en pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda, ingresados en el Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado", de Pinar del Río, entre el 2009 y el 2012. Resultados: el 53,3% de los pacientes ingresó en el Servicio de Cirugía y el resto en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. El 77,8% de los pacientes fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente antes de transcurrir 48 horas desde el ingreso. Existió un predominio notable de enfermos complicados que ingresaron en las salas de cirugía, prevaleciendo en estos las complicaciones agudas o sistémicas. En los pacientes operados la mortalidad se elevó considerablemente un 42,1%. Conclusiones: para llevar a cabo una conducta adecuada en los pacientes ingresados con pancreatitis aguda, y de esta manera reducir las complicaciones y fallecimiento por esta causa, se deben ingresar desde el inicio en una sala de cuidados intensivos; además de incrementar el empleo de investigaciones como la TAC abdominal y disminuir los casos intervenidos quirúrgicamente.

Calcio sérico total y calcio corregido como predictores de severidad en pancreatitis aguda

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A.A. Gutiérrez-Jiménez

2014-01-01

Conclusiones: El CT y CCA tomados en las primeras 24 h son útiles como predictores de severidad en pancreatitis aguda, con valores de S y predictivos comparables o superiores a los de las escalas pronósticas tradicionales.

Primeiro consenso brasileiro do tratamento da fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral

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2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto apresenta a síntese das conclusões do Iº Consenso Brasileiro do Tratamento da Fase Aguda do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC. Tratou-se de reunião patrocinada e coordenada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, com neurologistas especializados nas doenças cerebrovasculares, que analisaram os principais itens da conduta dos AVC.

Asma aguda em adultos na sala de emergência: o manejo clínico na primeira hora

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DALCIN PAULO DE TARSO ROTH

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Asma é doença com alta prevalência em nosso meio e ao redor do mundo. Embora novas opções terapêuticas tenham sido recentemente desenvolvidas, parece haver aumento mundial na sua morbidade e mortalidade. Em muitas instituições, as exacerbações asmáticas ainda constituem emergência médica muito comum. As evidências têm demonstrado que a primeira hora no manejo da asma aguda na sala de emergência concentra decisões cruciais que podem determinar o desfecho desta situação clínica. Nesta revisão não-sistemática, os autores enfocaram a primeira hora da avaliação e tratamento do paciente com asma aguda na sala de emergência, descrevendo uma estratégia apropriada para o seu manejo. São consideradas as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico, avaliação da gravidade, tratamento farmacológico, avaliação das complicações e decisão sobre onde se realizará o tratamento adicional. Espera-se que estas recomendações contribuam para que o médico clínico tome a decisão apropriada na primeira hora do manejo da asma aguda.

Incidencia y factores de riesgo para adquirir diarrea aguda en una comunidad rural de la selva peruana

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César Henríquez Camacho

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y factores de riesgo para adquirir diarrea aguda en una comunidad rural localizada en la selva del departamento de San Martín, Perú. Material y métodos: Una cohorte de 119 personas fue seleccionada al azar entre la población de 446 habitantes y seguida diariamente por un mes entre enero y febrero de 1999, buscando casos de diarrea aguda, definida como tres ó más cámaras de deposiciones al día por no más de 3 días. Un estudio caso control pareado fue diseñado para determinar los factores de riesgo para adquirir diarrea. Resultados: Fueron observados 18 casos de diarrea aguda; la incidencia fue 15.1 casos por 100 personas-mes (IC 95%: 9.45-23.12. La edad media de los casos fue de 10.7 años (rango: 1-34 años y 66% de los casos fueron niños menores de 10 años de edad. Los factores de riesgo para adquirir diarrea fueron: consumo de alimentos crudos, RR: 2.2 (IC 95%: 1.12-4.33, consumo de alimentos no lavados, RR: 4.47 (IC 95%: 1.56-12.82, falta de lavado de manos antes de alimentarse, RR: 9.61 (95% IC: 1.44-64.16, consumo de agua no hervida, RR: 4.52 (IC 95%: 1.23-16.65 y alimentación fuera de casa, RR: 2.2 (IC 95%: 1.51-3.20. La diferencia en el número promedio (DE de personas que vivían por casa entre casos y controles fue de 4.38 (1.03 vs. 3.22 (0.54, p=0.0003, respectivamente. No hubo diferencia en el tiempo de residencia en la comunidad entre casos y controles, media de 5.61 ( 5.04 años vs. 8.83 (9.79, p=0.5747. Conclusiones: Diarrea aguda es un problema de salud pública en la selva de San Martín. Hacinamiento, carencia de saneamiento y pobres prácticas higiénicas son los responsables para adquirir diarrea aguda en esta comunidad de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Campañas educativas y mejora en las condiciones sanitarias son claramente necesarias para superar este problema.

Mielopatia transversa em adulto portador de leucemia aguda linfoblástica: relato de caso

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Brito José Correia de Farias

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Relatamos um caso de mielopatia transversa aguda em paciente masculino de 31 anos de idade, branco, portador de leucemia aguda linfoblástica, subtipo L3 (LLA-L3. Esta é uma forma grave de leucemia e compromete mais crianças em relação aos adultos. Menos de 1% dos pacientes leucêmicos apresentam complicações espinais. No paciente em estudo, a sintomatologia instalou-se de modo abrupto e com as seguintes características: dores nas costas, paraplegia crural flácida e perda das funções sensitivas e vegetativas abaixo do segmento afetado. O diagnóstico etiológico foi estabelecido após a realização dos seguintes exames: hemograma, mielograma, análise do líquido cefalorraqueano e ressonância magnética de coluna dorsal. Foi instituído tratamento específico, que não interferiu com a evolução fatal da doença.

Acidosis láctica severa y leucemia aguda

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David Loja

2004-03-01

Full Text Available Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 27 años de edad con leucemia linfoblástica aguda, quien presentó acidosis láctica severa como complicación metabólica. Ella acudió con desnutrición severa, anemia marcada y síndrome consuntivo. No había compromiso del sistema reticuloendotelial y un mielograma inicial fue normal. Estos factores retardaron el diagnóstico y obligaron a ampliar el diagnóstico diferencial. La sospecha de neoplasia hematológica asociada a acidosis láctica sin causa aparente permitió reevaluar el caso con un nuevo mielograma y establecer el diagnóstico.

Amigdalitis aguda recurrente bacteriana: Estudio prospectivo, comparativo y controlado de sus características clínicas y microbiológicas

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Der M,Carolina; Iñiguez C,Rodrigo; Guzman D,Ana Maria; Jofré P,David; Iñiguez C,Armando; Labarca L,Jaime

2007-01-01

Introducción: La amigdalitis aguda recurrente es una patología de frecuente consulta, es una de las indicaciones de amigdalectomía. No se sabe con exactitud el origen de esta patología. Objetivo: Identificar la microbiología y patrones de susceptibilidad de las bacterias en la amigdalitis aguda recurrente bacteriana (AARB) a los antimicrobianos más comúnmente en el medio nacional, usados en su tratamiento. Material y método: Se planificó un estudio prospectivo, controlado y ciego. Se evaluaro...

Glomerulonefritis aguda post-infecciosa asociada a neumonía neumocócica Acute post infectious glomerulonephritis associated to pneumococcal pneumonia

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S. Fernández de Miguel; E. de Goicoechea Manzanares; M. Gaboli; J.M. Sánchez Granados; V. Murga Herrera

2009-01-01

Presentamos un niño de 6 años con insuficiencia renal aguda secundaria a glomerulonefritis asociada a neumonía neumocócica. El paciente presentó en primer lugar un síndrome nefrítico con hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edemas y deterioro de la función renal, siendo diagnosticado a continuación de neumonía con derrame pleural. La función renal se normalizó tras 72 horas, persistiendo una hipertensión arterial que precisó tratamiento en la fase aguda. El cuadro se resolvió sin secue...

Uso do sulfato de magnésio venoso para tratamento da asma aguda grave da criança no pronto-socorro

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Tânia Mara Baraky Bittar

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A asma aguda grave é uma emergência médica que deve ser diagnosticada e tratada rapidamente. O tratamento inicial inclui broncodilatadores e corticosteróides sistêmicos. Em casos graves, com fraca resposta ao tratamento padrão, o sulfato de magnésio venoso surge como opção terapêutica. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura sobre o uso do sulfato de magnésio venoso na asma aguda em crianças no pronto-socorro no que se refere a eficácia, indicação, dosagem, efeitos adversos e contraindicações. Realizada revisão narrativa por meio das Bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Cochrane Database of Systmatic Reviews, entre 2000 e 2010. Utilizados os descritores: asthma, children, emergency, magnesium sulfate. Incluídos oito ensaios clínicos controlados, três meta-análises, um estudo retrospectivo, oito artigos de revisão e um estudo transversal. A eficácia do magnésio venoso em crianças foi observada por vários autores, com raros efeitos adversos. Seu uso foi indicado para os pacientes com asma aguda moderada e grave que não responderam ao tratamento inicial com broncodilatador e corticosteróide. As contraindicações em pediatria são poucas. Entre elas estão insuficiência renal e bloqueio atrioventricular. Existem poucos relatos da interação do magnésio com drogas de uso pediátrico. Apesar da segurança, na prática, o magnésio venoso é pouco usado na asma aguda em pediatria. Na maioria das vezes, é indicado tardiamente para impedir falência respiratória e internação na unidade de cuidados intensivos. Os estudos demonstram que o magnésio venoso é uma droga eficaz e segura na criança com asma aguda grave, porém o seu uso no pronto-socorro ainda é limitado.

Crisis aguda de Asma Bronquial. Diagnóstico y tratamiento estandarizado

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Anelia de la Caridad Rojas-Pérez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de intervención en 150 pacientes con diagnóstico de Asma Bronquial que acudieron con crisis aguda al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico de Holguín, de Enero del 2009 hasta Diciembre del 2010; para evaluar la evolución de los mismos después de la aplicación de Guías de Buenas Prácticas. Se aplicó tratamiento a los pacientes según lo establecido, observando su respuesta. Predominó el grupo de 4 a 8 años del sexo masculino, el 52 % de los pacientes presentaron crisis ligeras, buena respuesta al uso de broncodilatadores en aerosol, se aplicó la Prednisona por vía oral en la mayoría de los casos que lo requirieron, el 68,7 % realizó tratamiento domiciliario con respuestas controladas y solo en el 31,3 % se decidió ingreso hospitalario lo que permitió arribar a la siguiente conclusión: Con la aplicación de Guías de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas par a el manejo de la exacerbación aguda del Asma Bronquial se logró una clasificación adecuada de la severidad de la misma, buena respuesta a los tratamientos utilizados y disminución de los ingresos hospitalarios.

Nutrición parenteral total en una paciente gestante con pancreatitis aguda e hipertrigliceridemia por déficit de lipoproteín lipasa

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Contreras-Bolívar, Victoria; González-Molero, Inmaculada; Valdivieso, Pedro; Olveira, Gabriel

2015-01-01

Presentamos un caso de pancreatitis aguda severa inducida por hipertrigliceridemia secundaria a déficit de lipoproteín lipasa (LPL) en una paciente gestante con diabetes gestacional, manejada inicialmente con dieta, siendo necesario posteriormente llevar a cabo medidas de soporte nutricional artificial: nutrición parenteral total. El déficit de LPL causa hipertrigliceridemia severa y, frecuentemente, pancreatitis aguda de repetición, situación de difícil manejo y de importante gravedad durant...

Radical fashion and radical fashion innovation

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Zhang, D.; Benedetto, Di A.C.

2010-01-01

This is a study of the related concepts of radical fashion and radical fashion innovation. Radical fashions are defined here as those that may never enter the market at all, and exist primarily on runway shows, in exhibitions and in publicity; by contrast, radical fashion innovations may be very

Aféresis en el tratamiento de pancreatitis aguda hipertrigliceridémica: Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

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Zaragoza, José J.; Villa, Gianluca; Borbolla-Arizti, Juan Pablo; Salgado-Hernández, Turmalina; Cerón-Díaz, Ulises

2015-01-01

La hipertrigliceridemia severa está asociada con varias patologías incluyendo pancreatitis aguda. Las opciones de tratamiento para la pancreatitis aguda hipertrigliceridémica incluyen insulina, glucosa y heparina en infusión, así como muchos tipos de aféresis. Los pacientes se pueden beneficiar del uso temprano de recambio plasmático para reducir los niveles de lípidos en sangre. El tiempo de inicio y el tipo de terapia juegan un papel importante para conseguir los beneficios completos del pr...

Primeras experiencias con drenaje biliar percutáneo de urgencia en la colangitis aguda

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José Luis González González

Full Text Available Introducción: la obstrucción biliar es motivo frecuente de morbilidad en los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas, adenopatías periportales y cáncer hepatobiliopancreático. La colangitis aguda es la complicación más temida, debido a su mortalidad. En este trabajo se presentan los primeros abordajes percutáneos realizados por cirujanos del Hospital Clínicoquirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" como herramienta para el tratamiento urgente de esta entidad. Objetivo: caracterizar el drenaje percutáneo transparietohepático de urgencia en pacientes con colangitis aguda e ictericia obstructiva. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y aplicado con 30 pacientes atendidos de esta forma en dicha institución entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2010. Resultados: el diagnóstico etiológico preponderante fue el de tumor maligno de la cabeza del páncreas. La localización baja de la lesión duplicó a la localización alta. La mejoría clínica de la ictericia se evidenció en la mayoría de los pacientes después de una semana tras el procedimiento: el drenaje percutáneo constituyó el método definitivo en el 73,3 % de los pacientes. Las edades medias para los distintos diagnósticos etiológicos exhibieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. No hubo complicaciones ni mortalidad relacionadas con el procedimiento. Conclusiones: el drenaje biliar percutáneo guiado por ultrasonido es una herramienta útil y segura para el tratamiento de urgencia de la colangitis aguda. Es un método que pueden realizar los cirujanos generales con entrenamiento adecuado y específico, y tiene asociadas pocas complicaciones.

Características clínico epidemiologicas de los pacientes con Leucemia Aguda del Servicio de Hematologia del Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo

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Polo-Capuñay, Ana María; Universidad de San Martín de Porres; León-Seminario, Carlos Alberto; Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Pérez-Villena, Joan Flaubert; Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Yovera-Merino, Jhonny David; Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Barraza-Chavesta, Omar; Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Torres-Anaya, Victor; Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Diaz-Vélez., Cristian; Universidad de San Martín de Porres

2014-01-01

OBJETIVOIdentificar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes con leucemia en el área de Hematología del H.A.A.A.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOEstudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Se revisaron 55 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de Leucemia Aguda, tomadas de la oficina de registro del HNAAA, durante el periodo de Enero 2005 a Marzo 2010.RESULTADOSEn el periodo de estudio, se diagnosticaron 142 casos de Leucemia, 105 (73.94%) correspondieron a Leucemia aguda. De...

NECESSIDADES BÁSICAS DAS ESPOSAS DE PACIENTES INFARTADOS, NA FASE AGUDA DO TRATAMENTO

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Edna Ikumi Umebayashi Takahashi

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que teve por finalidade identificar as necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados, na fase aguda do tratamento. Foi utilizado como referencial para análise os conceitos de Necessidades Básicas de Maslow. Os resultados permitiram identificar como principais necessidades afetadas das esposas: segurança, amor e gregária, estima.

Insuficiencia renal aguda obstructiva: Estudio de 42 pacientes

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Isabel Caravia Pubillones

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 42 pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos del Instituto de Nefrología con el diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal aguda obstructiva (IRAO, con 1 ó 2 riñones funcionantes. Los pacientes estudiados estaban entre la 5ta y la 7ma década de la vida, con una mayor incidencia en el sexo masculino. La causa más frecuente de IRAO fue la litiasis renal (47,62 %, seguida por las enfermedades tumorales que infiltraban los uréteres (28,57 %. Se empleó tratamiento médico en 9 pacientes y el resto (33 fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Las principales complicaciones fueron sépticas con un franco predominio de las infecciones del tractus urinario (38,5 %. Hubo 3 fallecidos, 2 de ellos por complicaciones cardiovasculares. Del total de insuficiencias renales agudas que se atendieron en nuestro Centro, el 10,6 % correspondió a IRAO. La efectividad del tratamiento quirúrgico empleado fue del 94,4 % de curación en los pacientes atendidosMedical records of 42 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Institute of Nephrology diagnosed as having acute obstructive renal failure with 1 or 2 kidneys functioning, were revised. Patients studied ware at the 5th and 7th decade of life with a greater incidence in males. The most frequent cause of acute obstructive renal failure was renal lithiasis (47.62 %, followed by tumor diseases which were infiltrating the ureters (28.57 %. Medical treatment was employed in 9 patients and the remaining (33 were submitted to surgical treatment. The main complications were septic with predominance of urinary tract infections (38.5 %. Three patients died, 2 of them as a result of cardiovascular complications. Of the total number of cases presenting with acute renal failure and treated in our center, 10.6 % had an acute obstructive renal failure. The effectiveness of the surgical treatment performed was 94.4 % of healing in patients treated for this

Epidemia de infección respiratoria aguda observaciones hospitalarias

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Chavarría Milanés, José Fernando; Mata, Leonardo; Mohs Villalta, Edgar; Ramírez, Giselle; Lizano, Lucía

1985-01-01

artículo -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, 1985 Se describe la clínica, tratamiento y complicaciones de 81 niños lactantes con infección respiratoria aguda. Los niños provenían del cantón central de San José y fueron admitidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños del 10 de noviembre al 15 de diciembre de 1983. Se encontró un 57% de varones y un 43% de mujeres; los más afectados fueron los niños menores de 3 meses. Más de la mitad de los niños egresó con el di...

Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda Caso clínico

OpenAIRE

Jiménez Navarro, Nuria

2017-01-01

El cáncer es una de las segundas causas de muerte de nuestra población considerándose también la segunda causa de muerte entre los 0-14 años de edad. Es una enfermedad multifactorial que consigue deteriorar al paciente tanto física como psíquicamente. La leucemia linfoblástica aguda es el cáncer más relevante en niños, constituyendo el 80% de los casos. Está localizado en las células sanguíneas, normalmente en los glóbulos blancos, de la médula ósea, afectando a la función inmunológica. Debid...

Toxicidade aguda e risco ambiental do antibiótico oxitetraciclina para tilápia ( Oreochromis niloticus , Daphnia magna e Lemna minor

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A.A. Machado

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi classificar o antibiótico Terramicina(r de acordo com a toxicidade aguda e o risco de intoxicação ambiental para Oreochromis niloticus, Daphnia magna e Lemna minor, com base no seu ingrediente ativo oxitetraciclina (OTC. Além disso, observou-se a ocorrência de sinais de intoxicação aguda em peixes e o efeito da diluição do antibiótico sobre as variáveis de qualidade de água. Alevinos, neonatos e frondes foram expostos a concentrações de OTC. De acordo com os resultados dos testes de toxicidade aguda, a Terramicina(r foi classificada pela toxicidade aguda e pelo risco de intoxicação ambiental. Para O. niloticus, a CL(I50; 48h calculada foi de 6,92 mg L-1, para D. magna a CE(I50; 48h foi de 0,17mg.L-1, enquanto para L. minor a CI(I50;7d foi de 0,68 mg L-1. A Terramicina(r foi classificada como muito tóxica para O. niloticus e extremamente tóxica para D. magna e L. minor e causa risco de intoxicação ambiental para os três organismos testados. Concentrações de 7,5 e 8,0 mg L-1 de OTC reduziram a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na água. De acordo com este estudo, a Terramicina(r não deve ser utilizada na aquicultura, pois é altamente tóxica e causa risco de intoxicação ambiental aos organismos teste.

Efecto de los inotrópicos sobre la mortalidad en falla cardiaca aguda. Metaanálisis en red de ensayos clínicos

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Juan M. Sénior; Edison Muñoz; James Díaz

2017-01-01

Introducción: en pacientes con falla cardiaca aguda es necesario el uso de inotrópicos para lograr su estabilización. Objetivo: definir cuál de los medicamentos inotrópicos se asocia con menor mortalidad. Metodología: se realizó un metaanálisis en red con la aproximación frecuentista. La búsqueda sistemática incluyó PUBMED, EMBASE, CENTRAL, DARE, Epistemonikos, SieELO, LILACS y OpenGray. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos con asignación aleatoria en pacientes con falla cardiaca aguda que re...

Infección respiratoria aguda en niños que acuden a un centro de desarrollo infantil

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Nandí-Lozano Eugenia

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Establecer la incidencia de infección respiratoria y los patrones de colonización faríngea en niños que asisten a guarderías. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte en niños menores de cuatro años de edad, de uno u otro sexo, asistentes a la guardería del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, de la Ciudad de México, durante abril a octubre de 1999. Se registró la presencia de infección de vías aéreas superiores cada semana, y de colonización cada tres meses, mediante un exudado nasofaríngeo. Se hizo estadística descriptiva de las variables analizadas. Se determinaron tasas de infección respiratoria aguda. Resultados. Se estudiaron 85 niños, 40 del sexo femenino (47% y 45 del sexo masculino (53% durante un total de 9 090 niños/día de seguimiento. Tres niños tenían antecedentes de atopia (3.52%, seis niños antecedentes de asma (7.05%, y 39 eran expuestos a tabaquismo pasivo (45.88%. Se diagnosticaron 246 rinofaringitis (95.3%, nueve otitis media aguda (3.48%, tres bronquiolitis (1.16%, para un total de 258 eventos de infección respiratoria aguda. La tasa de incidencia global fue de 10.35 infecciones por niño/año de observación (IC 95% 8.7-12.0. La incidencia de otitis y bronquiolitis fue de 0.36 y 0.12 eventos por niño/año de observación. Se tomaron cultivos nasofaríngeos con una prevalencia de colonización para S. pneumoniae de 20.4%, H. influenzae no tipificable 13.1% y Moraxella catarrhalis 8.1%. Conclusiones. Los resultados no sólo demuestran una alta prevalencia de colonización debido a cepas invasivas, sino que también revelan una tasa de incidencia de infección respiratoria aguda del doble de lo reportado en estudios de comunidad. Estos resultados ayudan a caracterizar un problema pobremente documentado en nuestro país.

Infecciones respiratorias agudas en los niños. Posibles medidas de control

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Mohs Villalta, Edgar

1985-01-01

Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, 1985 Las infecciones respiratorias agudas que representan el 50% aproximadamente, de los casos de enfermedades que deben notificarse a las autoridades y de las consultas pediátricas de pacientes ambulatorios en los países en desarrollo, son también una de las principales causas de las enfermedades contraídas en los hospitales y de mortalidad por enfermedades nosocomiales. En 1982, por *mph:), fueron la...

Perfiles clínicos y hemodinámicos en pacientes con falla cardiaca aguda

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Luis Eduardo Calderón

2017-09-01

Conclusiones: la falla cardíaca aguda descompensada es el perfil de presentación clínica más común en nuestra población con dos tercios del total de casos. El perfil hemodinámico más frecuente fue el “caliente y húmedo” (Stevenson B, resultados que concuerdan con lo observado en estudios locales y registros internacionales.

Necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados na fase aguda do tratamento

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Edna Ikumi Umebayashi Takahashi

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que teve por finalidade as necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados, na fase aguda do tratamento. Foi utlizado como referencial para análise os conceitos de Nacessidades Básicas de MASLOW. Os resultados permitiram identificar como principais necessidades afetadas das esposas: segurança, amor e gregária, estima.

Necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados na fase aguda do tratamento

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Edna Ikumi Umebayashi Takahashi

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que teve por finalidade as necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados, na fase aguda do tratamento. Foi utlizado como referencial para análise os conceitos de Nacessidades Básicas de MASLOW. Os resultados permitiram identificar como principais necessidades afetadas das esposas: segurança, amor e gregária, estima.

Embolectomía en una embolia pulmonar aguda masiva

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Manuel Carnero Alcázar

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Presentamos el caso de un varón de 57 años que, en el seno de un meningioma microcítico, padece una tromboembolia pulmonar masiva aguda con inestabilidad hemodinámica. Dado el riesgo de hemorragia por el tumor craneal, se contraindica la terapia fibrinolítica y se procede a practicar embolectomía pulmonar. Ésta se realiza bajo anestesia general, con canulación convencional y bajo hipotermia moderada. Se extrae émbolo en el tronco de la arteria pulmonar y con catéter de Fogarty se extraen émbolos en ramas lobares y segmentarias. Discutimos la asociación de enfermedad tromboembólica con determinadas neoplasias y el tratamiento de la tromboembolia pulmonar

Colesterol y triglicéridos como marcadores bioquímicos del estado de la enfermedad del paciente con leucemia linfocítica aguda

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Marco Guzmán; Miguel Sandoval

2004-01-01

Objetivo: Determinar la relación de los niveles séricos de colesterol y triglicéridos con el estado de respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico de inducción de pacientes con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Material y Métodos: La muestra la conforman 25 pacientes de 2 a 18 años de edad, admitidos al Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas con un diagnóstico reciente de leucemia linfocítica aguda; determinándose en ellos sus concentraciones séricas de colesterol total, colesterol-HDL, colesterol-LDL y...

Caracterización inmunofenotípica de pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda

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Daily Pino Blanco

Full Text Available Introducción: la leucemia mieloide aguda incluye un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias caracterizadas por una expansión clonal de mieloblastos, cuya clasificación involucra varios criterios, incluidos los inmunológicos. Objetivo: caracterizar el inmunofenotipo de los pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda evaluados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los pacientes diagnosticados con este tipo de leucemia, cuyas muestras de sangre fueron procesadas en el Departamento de Inmunología en el período 2008-2012. Se usó un ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico que utiliza un panel de anticuerpos monoclonales específicos de antígenos mieloides y linfoides. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, subtipo de leucemia y expresión de marcadores inmunológicos, cuyas asociaciones fueron analizadas con los estadígrafos Chi-cuadrado y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: se estudiaron 58 pacientes, 28 del sexo femenino y 30 del masculino. El grupo de edad predominante fue de 0 a 9 años con una mediana de 26 años. El subtipo M4 resultó el más frecuente (30,4 %. Los subtipos M4 y M7 predominaron en niños, mientras que el M0, predominó en adultos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p d»0,05. La combinación de los antígenos panmieloides CD13 y CD33 se presentó en el 91 % de los enfermos. Las combinaciones de CD13/CD33, CD14/CD15, CD33/CD14 y CD33/CD15 mostraron correlación significativa. En el 20,6 % de los pacientes evaluados, fueron detectados, además, antígenos linfoides. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo y la edad. El antígeno CD7 fue el más expresado, seguido de los antígenos: CD3, CD20, CD22 y CD79, en igual proporción. Conclusiones: el inmunofenotipaje celular demostró ser un procedimiento útil para confirmar el diagnóstico morfológico y clínico de la leucemia mieloide aguda.

Relação lipase/amilase nas pancreatites agudas de causa biliar e nas pancreatites agudas/crônicas agudizadas de causa alcoólica Lipase/amylase ratio in biliary acute pancreatitis and alcoholic acute/acutized chronic pancreatitis

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Ricardo Custódio Pacheco

2007-03-01

Full Text Available RACIONAL: Pancreatites agudas de causas alcoólica ou biliar podem necessitar de abordagens terapêuticas diferentes. OBJETIVO: Verificar a validade da relação lipase/amilase em diferenciar as causas alcoólica ou biliar na pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados nove pacientes com pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada alcoólica, todos homens, com idade média (desvio padrão de 39,8 ± 7,0 anos (grupo I e 29 com pancreatite aguda biliar, sendo 8 homens e 21 mulheres, com idade média de 43,6 ± 19,9 anos (grupo II. As amilasemias e lipasemias foram determinadas em pacientes com sintomatologia há, no máximo, 48 horas. A relação lipase/amilase foi calculada utilizando-se valores de amilasemia e lipasemia expressas como múltiplos de seus respectivos valores superiores de referência. RESULTADOS: As médias das lipasemias (4.814 ± 3.670 U/L e amilasemias (1.282 ± 777 U/L no grupo I foram semelhantes às do grupo II (2.697 ± 2.391 e 1.878 ± 1.319 U/L, respectivamente, mas a média das relações lipase/amilase foi significantemente maior no grupo I (4,4 ± 3,6 do que no grupo II (2,2 ± 2,2. Relação lipase/amilase >3 foi significantemente mais freqüente no grupo I (66,7% do que no grupo II (24,1% e diferenciou os dois grupos com sensibilidade de 67% e especificidade de 76%. CONCLUSÕES: 1 as amilasemias e lipasemias não diferenciaram os dois grupos avaliados; 2 relação lipase/amilase >3 é mais freqüente na pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada alcoólica do que na pancreatite aguda biliar, e pode ser útil na diferenciação destas duas causas de pancreatite.BACKGROUND: Alcoholic or biliary acute pancreatitis may need different therapeutic approaches. AIM: Assessing the validity of lipase/amylase ratio in differentiating biliary from alcoholic acute pancreatitis/acutized chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: Nine male patients (mean age and standard deviation: 39.8 ± 7.0 years

Retinopatia de Purtscher-like e pancreatite aguda Purtscher-like retinopathy and acute pancreatitis

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Kelly Fernandes de Paula Rodrigues

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Retinopatia de Purtscher-like é uma baixa súbita da visão associada à imagem de múltiplas áreas branco-amareladas (manchas algodonosas e hemorragias no pólo posterior de ambos os olhos. O exato mecanismo da injúria ainda não é claro, mas provavelmente seria de natureza embólica.Tem sido descrita em uma variedade de condições, incluindo pancreatite aguda, síndrome de embolia gordurosa, insuficiência renal, nascimento (parto e pós-parto, desordens do tecido conectivo, entre outras. Serão relatados três casos de pancreatite aguda confirmada pelos exames laboratoriais e história clínica, associadas a alterações no exame do fundo de olho, compatíveis com esta retinopatia.Purtscher-like retinopathy is acute loss of vision associated image of the multiple areas of retinal whitening and hemorrhage in the posterior pole of both eyes. The exact mechanism of injury remains unclear, current evidence suggests that it is embolic in nature. In a variety of conditions are been described including acute pancreatitis, fat embolism syndrome, renal failure, childbirth, and connective tissue disorders. Will are related three cases of the acute pancreatitis which was confirmed by complementary laboratory studies and clinical history, associated from exam of the fundus of the eye, similar is this retinopathy.

Sarcoidosis aguda: Variante de Síndrome de Löfgren sin eritema nodoso

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Pérez, Gerardo; Facal, Jorge

2014-01-01

El síndrome de Löfgren, es una variante aguda de la sarcoidosis, que se caracteriza por fiebre, eritema nodoso, adenomegalias hiliares pulmonares y artritis. En general, tiene un curso benigno y autolimitado, que contrasta con las formas crónicas que requieren uso de corticoides y tienen tendencia a la recidiva. Se describe aquí el caso clínico de un paciente joven, de sexo masculino, con artritis pero sin eritema nodoso, lo que dificultó el planteo diagnóstico de síndrome de Löfgren. Se real...

Particularidades del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en edades pediátricas

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Valentín Santiago Rodríguez Moya

Full Text Available Desde las primeras descripciones del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda los pediatras intensivistas reconocieron que posee particularidades que la hacen diferente en la población pediátrica. El objetivo de este trabajo es divulgar la definición específica en el modelo infantil, aunque existen similitudes en la fisiopatología del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria en adultos y niños. Se revisaron los conceptos vigentes sobre el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda desde su descripción, a través de los diferentes consensos (desde el de 1994 hasta el de 2015 y se señalaron las recomendaciones en el tratamiento y seguimiento de esta entidad. Los tópicos que se trataron fueron: concepto; prevalencia y epidemiología; fisiopatología, severidad y enfermedades asociadas; soporte ventilatorio; tratamientos secundarios específicos sobre el pulmón; tratamientos concomitantes; monitoreo general y pulmonar; soporte ventilatorio no invasivo; terapia extracorpórea y el seguimiento a largo plazo. Las recomendaciones propuestas en la última conferencia de consenso para el tratamiento del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria en edades pediátricas permiten optimizar el tratamiento e identificar necesidades futuras de investigación del tema.

Esofagitis necrotizante aguda: Una entidad inusual

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Silvana E. Pramparo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La esofagitis necrotizante aguda (ENA, también denominada esófago negro, es una rara enfermedad poco descripta en la literatura médica. Describimos el caso de un hombre de 80 años, con hemorragia digestiva alta quien desarrolló un esófago negro luego de un episodio de hipotensión. La necrosis fue confirmada histológicamente. Los pacientes se presentan con hematemesis y melena en más del 70% de los casos. Los hallazgos endoscópicos muestran una coloración negruzca de la mucosa esofágica. El diagnóstico se realiza con endoscopia y confirmación histológica. La mortalidad es alta (más del 50% aunque relacionada a las enfermedades de base del paciente. Por último, podemos decir que la sospecha es muy importante en el diagnóstico de ENA, particularmente en pacientes ancianos con enfermedades asociadas y evidencia de hemorragia digestiva alta. En este trabajo describimos las características clínicas, endoscópicas e histopatológicas de un paciente con ENA.

Efecto del calcio sobre la toxicidad aguda de aluminio en alevines de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss expuestos en aguas de diferente pH

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Rolando Vega

2015-05-01

Full Text Available En la producción de alevines de salmón de la región de la Araucanía (sur de Chile se presentan importantes eventos de mortalidad aguda sin rasgos patológicos aparentes. El problema se focaliza en ejemplares de 0,2 a 1 g y las causas apuntan a procesos de acidificación del pH del agua y a la presencia de ciertos metales pesados, entre los cuales destaca el aluminio, que alcanza concentraciones más allá de los rangos de tolerancia de los peces. La información científica indica que concentraciones de 5 mg Ca L-1 en el afluente son suficientes para mantener a salvo los peces del efectos tóxico del aluminio. Sin embargo, los problemas en la producción de alevines de salmón indican que se requiere un mayor conocimiento científico y evidencia experimental que soporte el desarrollo de procesos y tecnologías para el tratamiento de los afluentes de las pisciculturas chilenas. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de cuatro concentraciones de calcio (0, 5, 10 y 20 mg Ca L-1 sobre la toxicidad aguda de 500 μg Al L-1 en alevines de trucha arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss de 0,1 g en agua de cultivo a pH 5, 6 y 7. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la dosis de calcio que reduce la toxicidad aguda de aluminio y los tiempos mínimos de reacción que podrían disponer los piscicultores para tomar medidas preventivas ante una concentración aguda de aluminio en el agua de cultivo. Los resultados indican que antes de 8 h de exposición a una concentración tóxica de aluminio los piscicultores deberían asegurar en el agua de cultivo una dosis superior a 10 mg Ca L-1 y un pH >6 como medida remedial para reducir el efecto de intoxicación aguda causada por aluminio.

Proteinograma sérico, com ênfase em proteínas de fase aguda, de bovinos sadios e bovinos portadores de enfermidade aguda de ocorrência natural

OpenAIRE

Simplício,K.M.M.G.; Sousa,F.C.; Fagliari,J.J.; Silva,P.C.

2013-01-01

Nas últimas décadas, as proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) tornaram-se biomarcadores de escolha em medicina humana para identificação e monitoração de doenças. Não há razão para imaginar que tais pesquisas clínicas não sejam igualmente úteis na medicina veterinária. Com o objetivo de verificar a importância das PFAs como biomarcadores de doenças inflamatórias em bovinos, determinou-se o proteinograma sérico, por meio da técnica de eletroforese SDS-PAGE, com interesse especial nas PFAs. Foram util...

Prevalência de toxoplasmose aguda em gestantes, incidência de toxoplasmose congênita e desempenho de testes diagnósticos em toxoplasmose congênita

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Ivana Rosângela dos Santos Varella

2007-01-01

Introdução: A infecção aguda pelo Toxoplasma gondii em gestantes pode determinar infecção fetal através de passagem transplacentária. As crianças afetadas podem desenvolver coriorretinite e déficit neurológico, na ausência de tratamento adequado. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de toxoplasmose aguda em gestantes atendidas na maternidade do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, avaliando possíveis diferenças nas freqüências ao longo do período estudado; medir a incidência de toxoplasmose congê...

Lesao óssea em leucemias agudas linfoblásticas tipo T e TIPO nao T / nao B

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Martins, Fernando Lopes

2013-01-01

Resumo: O AUTOR APRESENTA OS RESULTADOS DO ESTUDO RADIOLÓGICO DE ESQUELETO DE 61 PACIENTES PORTADORES DE LEUCEMIA AGUDA LINFOBLÁSTICA, CORRELACIONANDO A PRESENÇA OU NÃO DE Lesões ÓSSEAS COM A CLASSIFICAÇÃO IMUNOLÓGICA DE LAL TIPO T E TIPO não T / não B

Valor Diagnóstico do Aumento dos Eosinóftlos e Linfocitos no Lavado Bronco-Alveolar em Doentes com Insuficiência Respiratória Aguda e Infiltrados Pulmonares Difusos

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Kazui Soma; Nobukazu Takada; Masaru Kubota; Masato Katagiri; Nobuo Yanase; Tomoyuki Tomita; Takashj Ohwada

2000-01-01

RESUMO: Os autores analisaram de 1983 a 199 1, a utilidade da contagem diferencial de células no Lavado Bronco-Alveolar (LBA) em doentes com Insuficiência Respiratória Aguda (IRA) e Infiltrados Pulmonares Difusos (IPD), com particular interesse nos que apresentavam níveis elevados de eosinóflos ou de linfocitos no LBA. Foram estudados 118 doentes com insuficiência respiratória para aguda e com PaO2

Modulação da pressão intracraniana em um modelo experimental de hipertensão abdominal e lesão pulmonar aguda

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Zampieri,Fernando Godinho; Almeida,Juliana Roberta; Schettino,Guilherme Pinto de Paula; Park,Marcelo; Machado,Fabio Santana; Azevedo,Luciano Cesar Pontes

2011-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de alterações hemodinâmicas, respiratórias e metabólicas sobre a pressão intracraniana em um modelo de lesão pulmonar aguda e síndrome compartimental abdominal. MÉTODOS: Oito porcos Agroceres foram submetidos, após a instrumentação, a cinco cenários clínicos: 1) estado basal com baixa pressão intra-abdominal e pulmão sadio; 2) pneumoperitôneo, com pressão intra-abdominal de 20 mm Hg; 3) lesão pulmonar aguda induzida por lavagem pulmonar e desativação de surfactante;...

Epiteliopatía pigmentaria placoide posterior multifocal aguda unilateral. A propósito de un caso

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Ana Isabel Díaz Zapién

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 48 años de edad, que inicia su cuadro clínico con disminución súbita de agudeza visual acompañado de la presencia de un escotoma central en ojo derecho unilateral, sin otros síntomas acompañantes, antecedentes personales patológicos negados, 4 semanas después la paciente recupera visión llegando a un 20/20 sin la presencia del escotoma. La epiteliopatía pigmentaria placoide posterior multifocal aguda (EPPPMA es una patología inflamatoria coriorretiniana, que se presenta en adultos jóvenes, sanos, sin predominio por algún género, produciendo alteraciones visuales agudas, con hallazgos fundoscópicos característicos de lesiones placoides blanco-amarillentas a nivel del epitelio pigmentario de la retina. El diagnóstico se basa en los datos clínicos y la evolución complementado con la fluorangiografía, la mayoría de los casos con buen pronóstico visual, con una recuperación de la agudeza visual completa dentro de las primeras 3-6 semanas.

Caries dental aguda del primer molar permanente en niños de 12 años

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Daniel Enrique Reyes Romagosa

Full Text Available Introducción: el primer molar permanente es considerado la llave de la oclusión dentaria, la presencia de caries en éste es elevada, lo que dificulta el logro de las metas trazadas por organizaciones de salud a nivel mundial en este grupo de edad. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la caries dental aguda en primer molar permanente en una población de 12 años de edad atendida en la Clínica Estomatológica Santa Cruz de la Parroquia Goaigoaza. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Santa Cruz. Parroquia Goaigoaza, municipio Puerto Cabello, estado Carabobo, en el período comprendido entre abril del 2009 a abril 2010. Se seleccionaron 97 pacientes de 12 años de edad los que constituyeron el universo y la muestra. Acudieron a la consulta por dolor debido a la presencia de caries dental aguda. Se registraron las variables: edad, sexo, grado clínico de la caries dental, estímulos externos que provocaron dolor, la cara dental y la arcada dentaria más afectadas. La información fue recogida mediante interrogatorio y examen clínico. Resultados: el sexo masculino representó el 63,9 %. La caries dental de 3er grado estuvo presente en un 68 %. Los estímulos externos que provocaron dolor fueron: el frío presente en 75,2 % y los alimentos dulces en 69,1 % en ambos sexos. El primer molar inferior derecho resultó más afectado (46,4 % que el izquierdo (36,1 %, así como la arcada dentaria inferior (25,8 % y la cara oclusal (64,9 %. Conclusiones: predominaron el sexo masculino y la caries dental aguda de 3er grado. El frío y los alimentos dulces fueron los estímulos externos más frecuentes. Los más afectados resultaron el primer molar inferior derecho, la cara oclusal y la arcada dentaria inferior.

Diabetes insipidus como manifestação inicial de leucemia mieloide aguda em paciente com monossomia do cromossomo 7

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amanda Dias Lima Morais

2017-04-01

Full Text Available O diabetes insipidus (DI central é uma síndrome caracterizada pela incapacidade de concentração urinária devido à deficiência do hormônio antidiurético. O envolvimento do sistema nervoso central é frequente nas leucemias, mas a ocorrência de DI é rara e confere pior prognóstico. A patogênese do DI na leucemia não é totalmente conhecida, mas a infiltração do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário por células leucêmicas parece ser um fator responsável. O presente relato descreve o caso de um paciente que apresentou DI como primeira manifestação de leucemia mieloide aguda e que evoluiu com dificuldades de ajustes do sódio sérico, da poliúria e da reposição volêmica, necessitando de permanência prolongada em unidade de cuidados intensivos. Palavras-chave: diabetes insipidus; leucemia mieloide aguda; monossomia; cromossomo 7.

Efeitos de um programa de reabilitação acelerado após o tratamento cirúrgico da ruptura aguda do tendão de Aquiles

OpenAIRE

Ott, Rafael Duvelius

2010-01-01

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo acelerado de reabilitação (ACE) versus um protocolo tradicional de imobilização do tornozelo (TRA) sobre a função muscular e articular, após o tratamento cirúrgico da ruptura aguda do tendão de Aquiles. Método: 37 pacientes com diagnóstico de ruptura aguda do tendão de Aquiles foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico aberto com reparo término-terminal pela técnica de Krackow. Após a cirurgia, foram divididos em dois grupos: no grupo ACE foi utiliza...

Avaliação do antígeno SAG2a recombinante de Toxoplasma gondii como um potencial marcador diagnóstico para Toxoplasmose humana aguda

OpenAIRE

Béla, Samantha Ribeiro

2007-01-01

Proteínas recombinantes têm sido utilizadas para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii para diferenciar entre as fases aguda e crônica da toxoplasmose. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a reatividade de anticorpos IgG e IgG1 através de imunoensaios em soros de pacientes com toxoplasmose aguda e crônica dirigidos contra dois antígenos recombinantes clonados e expressos em E. coli, SAG2A (molécula recombinante total) e SAG2A(DELTA) (molécula recombinante deletada do...

Transposición del ligamento coracoacromial en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación acromioclavicular aguda

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Osvaldo Pereda Cardoso

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la luxación de la articulación acromioclavicular es frecuente en la práctica ortopédica diaria, estimándose su incidencia en aproximadamente el 10 % de todas las luxaciones alrededor del hombro. Existen numerosas técnicas quirúrgicas descritas para su tratamiento con resultados variables. Objetivo: describir la evolución clínica del dolor, la movilidad del hombro y la reincorporación de los pacientes a sus actividades habituales, con el uso de la técnica de transposición del ligamento acromioclavicular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de descriptivo de 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de luxación acromioclavicular aguda tratados quirúrgicamente mediante la técnica mencionada; se tuvo en cuenta la evolución clínica del dolor, la movilidad del hombro y la reincorporación de los pacientes a sus actividades después de la cirugía, y para ello se empleó el test funcional de Imatani. Resultados: la transposición del ligamento coracoacromial resultó ser una técnica útil y relativamente sencilla para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación acromioclavicular aguda, con muy buenos resultados inmediatos, se logró considerable disminución o alivio total del dolor y recuperación completa o casi completa del rango de movilidad de la articulación del hombro, que le permite al paciente una vez rehabilitado, reincorporarse a sus actividades habituales. Conclusiones: la transposición del ligamento coracoacromial resultó útil en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación acromioclavicular aguda, en cuanto al alivio del dolor, la movilidad y reincorporación a las actividades habituales.

Hydroxyl-radical-induced oxidation of cyclic dipeptides: Reactions of free peptide radicals and their peroxyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mieden, O.J.

1989-01-01

In the course of this study investigations were carried out into the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms with cyclic dipeptides as well as the subsequent reactions of peptide radicals and their peroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. The radiolysis products formed in the absence and presence of oxygen or transient metal complexes were characterized and determined on a quantitative basis. The linking of information from product analyses to the kinetic data for transient species obtained by time-resolving UV/VIS and conductivity measurements (pulse radiolysis) as well as computer-assisted simulations of individual events during the reaction permitted an evaluation of the mechanisms underlying the various processes and an identification of interim products with short life-times, which did or did not belong to the group of radicals. Through the characterization of key reactions of radicals and peroxyl radicals of this substance class a major advance has been made towards a better understanding of the role of radicals in the peptide compound and the mechanisms involved in indirect radiation effects on long-chain peptides and proteins. (orig.) [de

A radical approach to radical innovation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

D. Deichmann (Dirk); J.C.M. van den Ende (Jan)

2014-01-01

textabstractInnovation pays. Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google – nearly every one of today’s most successful companies has a talent for developing radical new ideas. But how best to encourage radical initiative taking from employees, and does their previous success or failure at it play a role?

Surto de toxoplasmose aguda transmitida através da ingestão de carne crua de gado ovino

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Bonametti Ana Maria

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Os autores apresentam 17 casos de toxoplasmose aguda sintomática adquirida pela ingestão de carne crua de carneiro, servida em uma festa à qual todos os pacientes compareceram. Em relação ao quadro clínico, o período de incubação da doença variou de 6 a 13 dias (10,9 ± 7,0 e 16 (94,5% pacientes apresentaram febre, cefaléia, mialgia, artralgia e adenomegalia (cervical ou cervical/axilar. Outros sinais clínicos encontrados foram: hepatomegalia em 6 pacientes, esplenomegalia em 4 e exantema em 2. Um paciente apresentou quadro clínico de corioretinite, confirmada através de exame oftalmológico. Todos os pacientes apresentavam títulos séricos de anticorpos específicos (IgG e IgM que evidenciavam fase aguda de toxoplasmose, pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Todos os pacientes foram tratados especificamente e houve boa resposta clínica e laboratorial ao tratamento.

Insuficiência renal aguda em pacientes com sepse grave: fatores prognósticos = Acute renal injury in patients with severe sepsis: prognostic factors

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Okamoto, Thábata Yaedu

2012-01-01

Conclusões: A insuficiência renal aguda foi ocorrência comum nos pacientes com sepse, fazendo parte de um quadro de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas, particularmente nos pacientes com diagnóstico de choque séptico, estando associada a aumento da probabilidade de morte nesses pacientes graves. O uso de drogas vasoativas foi o único fator de risco para mortalidade em pacientes com sepse e insuficiência renal aguda que se manteve na análise multivariada. Estes resultados apontam para a importância do tratamento precoce dos quadros de sepse grave a tempo de prevenir a evolução para choque séptico e para insuficiência renal

Hepatite aguda colestática pelo propiltiouracil: relato de caso

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PAROLIN Mônica Beatriz

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Propiltiouracil é uma droga amplamente utilizada no tratamento do hipertiroidismo. A hepatotoxicidade é um dos efeitos colaterais mais raros e também mais graves associados a ela. Relata-se um caso de hepatite aguda colestática que acomete um jovem de 15 anos em uso de propiltiouracil para tratamento de hipertiroidismo. Causas virais, metabólicas e autoimunes foram excluídas e a biopsia hepática revelou achados histopatológicos sugestivos de hepatite colestática induzida por droga. Com a suspensão da droga, houve remissão dos sintomas e normalização progressiva das provas de função hepática. Raramente, os pacientes em uso de propiltiouracil podem desenvolver injúria hepática grave.

Estrategia de atención de niños hospitalizados por infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas

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Ana M Ferrari

2002-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Mejorar la calidad de la atención hospitalaria de los niños con infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas, aumentar los conocimientos sobre esa patología y mejorar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos asistenciales, por medio de una estrategia que se denominó Plan de Invierno.MÉTODOS: La estrategia se basó en la utilización de protocolos de diagnóstico y tratamiento, internación por cuidados progresivos y por enfermedad, adecuación de los recursos asistenciales y creación de un sistema de registro permanente, informatizado. Se incorporó la investigación sistemática de la etiología viral para racionalizar el uso de la medicación y reducir las infecciones intrahospitalarias. RESULTADOS: Durante la aplicación del Plan (19/V-19/IX/99 ingresaron 3.317 niños; 1.347 (40.61% presentaban infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas. Se captaron 1.096 (81%, de los cuales 71% eran menores de un año. Predominaron las infecciones respiratorias virales (68%. Los criterios de ingreso fueron saturación de oxígeno <95%, polipnea, tiraje o derrame pleural en el 92.4% de los niños. La magnitud de la demanda impidió que las pautas de aislamiento individual o en grupo se cumplieran en todos los casos. El uso de la medicación se ajustó a lo recomendado en un elevado porcentaje: no recibieron antibióticos 73% de las bronquiolitis ni 72% de las neumonías virales, y 96% de las neumonias bacterianas los recibieron según pauta; se redujo el uso de broncodilatadores y de corticoides. El gasto en medicamentos disminuyó fundamentalmente en el grupo de los corticoides y tuvo el mayor impacto en el costo por día/cama de antibióticos. CONCLUSIONES: Disminuir la morbimortalidad por infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas requiere continuar mejorando la calidad de la atención hospitalaria y fortalecer los programas de promoción de salud y de control de las enfermedades prevalentes, en el primer nivel de atención.

Estrategia de atención de niños hospitalizados por infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas

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Ferrari Ana M

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Mejorar la calidad de la atención hospitalaria de los niños con infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas, aumentar los conocimientos sobre esa patología y mejorar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos asistenciales, por medio de una estrategia que se denominó Plan de Invierno.MÉTODOS: La estrategia se basó en la utilización de protocolos de diagnóstico y tratamiento, internación por cuidados progresivos y por enfermedad, adecuación de los recursos asistenciales y creación de un sistema de registro permanente, informatizado. Se incorporó la investigación sistemática de la etiología viral para racionalizar el uso de la medicación y reducir las infecciones intrahospitalarias. RESULTADOS: Durante la aplicación del Plan (19/V-19/IX/99 ingresaron 3.317 niños; 1.347 (40.61% presentaban infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas. Se captaron 1.096 (81%, de los cuales 71% eran menores de un año. Predominaron las infecciones respiratorias virales (68%. Los criterios de ingreso fueron saturación de oxígeno <95%, polipnea, tiraje o derrame pleural en el 92.4% de los niños. La magnitud de la demanda impidió que las pautas de aislamiento individual o en grupo se cumplieran en todos los casos. El uso de la medicación se ajustó a lo recomendado en un elevado porcentaje: no recibieron antibióticos 73% de las bronquiolitis ni 72% de las neumonías virales, y 96% de las neumonias bacterianas los recibieron según pauta; se redujo el uso de broncodilatadores y de corticoides. El gasto en medicamentos disminuyó fundamentalmente en el grupo de los corticoides y tuvo el mayor impacto en el costo por día/cama de antibióticos. CONCLUSIONES: Disminuir la morbimortalidad por infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas requiere continuar mejorando la calidad de la atención hospitalaria y fortalecer los programas de promoción de salud y de control de las enfermedades prevalentes, en el primer nivel de atención.

Radicalization In Pakistan And The Spread Of Radical Islam In Pakistan

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Bahir ahmad

2015-08-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT It is pertinent to mention that radicalism is not intrinsic to Islam and radical interpretations of the religion or for that matter may occur within any way of life and religion Saikal 2003 and yet the question remains as to why Muslims in certain geographical regions have more radical approaches towards their religion and also that what are the causes of such radicalization. Becoming a radical Muslim is not even a matter of a day nor is it a sudden process. There are several reasons behind making a person radical peaceful angry smiling or tolerant. For knowing the reason behind radicalization or radicals persons one has to understand the causes. Tracing these causes is one of the ways to eliminate such behavior. The first step in the elimination of the radical sentiments in a person is to develop peace in his personality Fair Malhotra amp Shapiro 2010. The chapter which has been addressed here is going to shed light on the roots and symptoms of the radicalism. There will be a brief discussion on how the roots of radicalism can be traced and can be eliminated. The assessment and discussion will be conducted on the parameters of the economy media politics and theology from social cultural point of view. According to the analysis of Ahrari 2000 political factor is one of the major and direct factors which have resulted in causing of the radicalism. These factors however intertwine with one another. Radical actions cannot take place only because of the political factors.

Hemiplejía aguda infantil asociada a infección por enterovirus

OpenAIRE

Muñoz, Erika; Caramuta, Luciana; Frenkel, Susana; Cáceres, Lidia

2005-01-01

El ictus isquémico en la infancia es una entidad infrecuente, en el 50% de los casos no existe una causa identificable. Sin embargo, con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas se han podido conocer más afecciones causales. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 9 años con hemiplejía aguda izquierda, con estudios de neuroimágenes poco significativos y en la cual el análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo por método de reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) para ARN viral, fue positivo pa...

Changes in the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis Mudanças no manejo de doentes com pancreatite aguda grave

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Tercio De Campos

2008-09-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis is present in up to 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis, with considerable mortality. Changes in the management of acute pancreatitis in the last 2 decades contributed to reduce the mortality. AIM: To show the evolution in the management of severe acute pancreatitis, comparing two different approaches. METHODS: All patients with severe acute pancreatitis from 1999 to 2005 were included. We compared the results of a retrospective review from 1999 to 2002 (group A with a prospective protocol, from 2003 to 2005 (group B. In group A severe pancreatitis was defined by the presence of systemic or local complications. In group B the Atlanta criteria were used to define severity. The variables analyzed were: age, gender, etiology, APACHE II, leukocytes, bicarbonate, fluid collections and necrosis on computed tomography, surgical treatment and mortality. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients were classified as severe, 24 in group A and 47 in group B. The mean APACHE II in groups A and B were 10.7 ± 3.5 and 9.3 ± 4.5, respectively. Necrosis was seen in 12 patients (50% in group A and in 21 patients (44.7% in group B. Half of the patients in group A and two (4.3% in group B underwent to pancreatic interventions. Mortality reached 45.8% in group A and 8.5% in group B. CONCLUSION: A specific approach and a prospective protocol can change the results in the treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.RACIONAL: A pancreatite aguda grave está presente em até 25% dos doentes com pancreatite aguda, com mortalidade considerável. Mudanças no tratamento da pancreatite aguda nas últimas duas décadas contribuíram para a redução da mortalidade destes doentes. OBJETIVO: Mostrar a evolução do manejo da pancreatite aguda, comparando duas diferentes abordagens. MÉTODOS: Todos os doentes com pancreatite aguda grave de 1999 a 2005 do Serviço de Emergência da Santa Casa de São Paulo, SP, foram incluídos. Os

Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad: reflexiones sobre el tratamiento antimicrobiano secuencial en la apendicitis aguda complicada

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José Carlos Bueno Rodríguez

Full Text Available Actualmente los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS constituyen un importante espacio de trabajo en la política pública, la educación y la investigación. La introducción de nuevos procedimientos y tecnologías en la atención médica debe analizarse desde la perspectiva de los estudios de CTS porque requiere de un sustento científico-tecnológico y tiene que cumplir, entre otros, con los requisitos éticos de aplicabilidad a los seres humanos. La utilización secuencial de los antimicrobianos en el tratamiento postoperatorio de la apendicitis aguda complicada en los niños, constituye una modificación de la terapéutica comúnmente empleada en Cuba y en muchas instituciones de salud del mundo. El presente trabajo muestra una reflexión sobre los pilares científicos, tecnológicos y sociales que sustentan la aplicación de un nuevo protocolo de tratamiento con el uso secuencial de los antimicrobianos en los niños con apendicitis aguda complicada.

Abordaje transumbilical en pacientes pediátricos con sospecha de apendicitis aguda. Un serie de 424 pacientes

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Luis Augusto Zárate Suárez

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes: El tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda implica su extirpación; es frecuente la solicitud de cicatrices postquirúrgicas del mejor tamaño posible. Una de las estrategias disponibles es el abordaje transumbilical. Objetivos: Descubrir las características clínicas y los desenlaces operatorios de los pacientes pediátricos en quienes se realiza apendicectomía vía transumbilical. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo de 424 pacientes sucesivos en cuanto a los desenlaces operatorios a corto plazo. Resultados: El tiempo promedio de intervención quirúrgica fue de 22 minutos; 95,8% de los pacientes presentó evolución satisfactoria del postquirúrgico; 1,4% de los pacientes se reintervino para drenar un absceso intracavitario residual y 0,2% presentó infencción de sitio operatorio sin mas complicaciones. Conclusión: El abordaje transumbilical de la apendicitis es una alternativa minimamente invasiva para todos los estados de apendicitis aguda e implica disminución del tiempo de realización, menor estancia del postquirúrgico, menor incidencia de complicaciones y mayor conformidad con los resultados estéticos.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem em adultos com leucemia mielóide aguda

OpenAIRE

Souza, Luccas Melo de; Gorini, Maria Isabel Pinto Coelho

2006-01-01

Trata-se de um estudo de casos, que objetivou identificar os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem (DE) de pacientes adultos com Leucemia Mielóide Aguda, a fim de fornecer subsídios à Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem. Utilizaram-se as técnicas de entrevista e observação, além da aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem. Durantes os três meses da coleta de dados, outros DEs foram encontrados através de novas buscas nos prontuários dos 6 pacientes. Os 32 DEs encontrados foram agrupados conforme a Te...

PARTO PRETÉRMINO Y SUFRIMIENTO FETAL SECUNDARIOS A PERITONITIS POR APENDICITIS AGUDA PERFORADA

OpenAIRE

Hidalgo M,Juan José; Molina P,Marta; Varo GM,Begoña; Rivas R,Salvador; Bernabeu A,José Ramón; Perales M,Alfredo

2009-01-01

La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica no obstétrica más frecuente durante el embarazo. Se ha asociado a parto pretérmino y a morbimortalidad fetal y materna, especialmente cuando se complica con peritonitis. Los cambios anatómicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos que se producen durante la gestación pueden alterar los síntomas y signos típicos asociados a la apendicitis. Esto puede retrasar el diagnóstico y dar lugar a un aumento de la morbimortalidad materna y fetal. Presentamos el caso ...

Intoxicación aguda por cocaína en un lactante no asociada a lactancia materna: A propósito de un caso clínico

OpenAIRE

Decia1, Mónica; Pan, Melina; Telechea, Héctor; Laborde, Amalia; Menchaca, Amanda

2015-01-01

La intoxicación aguda por cocaína es infrecuente en lactantes y niños. Las formas más frecuentes de presentación clínica son las convulsiones tónico-clónicas en apirexia, alteraciones motoras y la excitación psicomotriz. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 1 mes que ingresó a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Niños del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell por una intoxicación aguda por cocaína. El cuadro clínico consistió en manifestaciones secundarias a un estado hiperadrenérgico generali...

Inmunofenotipaje celular en el diagnóstico de las leucemias agudas híbridas Cellular immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of acute hybrid leukemias

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Vianed Marsán Suárez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Se estudiaron 118 leucemias agudas en un período de 4 años. El fenotipaje celular se realizó a través del ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico (UMICIQ, mediante la utilización de un panel de anticuerpos monoclonales con el que se evaluó la expresión de antígenos linfoides y mieloides. La expresión de antígenos mieloides en pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda se encontró en el 28,4 % y de antígenos linfoides en pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda en el 56,7 %. Las leucemias agudas híbridas representaron el 16,1 % del total de pacientes estudiados: 73,7 % al inicio de la enfermedad y el 26,3 % restante en el estudio posterior al tratamiento de inducción de la remisión, lo que sugiere en estos últimos la posibilidad de cambio de linaje por la selección de variantes resistentes a drogas procedentes del clon original, o la aparición de neoplasias secundarias por el uso de drogas genotóxicas118 acute leukemias were studied during 4 years. The cellular phenotyping was carried out through the immunocytochemical ultramicromethod by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies with which the expression of lymphoid and myeloid antigens was evaluated. The expression of myeloid antigens in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia was found in 28.4 %, whereas the expression of lymphoid antigens in patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia was observed in 56.7 %. The acute hybrid leukemias accounted for 16.1 % of the total of patients studied: 73.7 % at the onset of the disease and the other 26.3 % in the study following the induction treatment of the referred patients, which suggests in the latter the possibility of changing lineage by selecting variantes resistant to drugs from the original clon, or the appearance of secondary neoplasias due to the use of genotoxic drugs

El problema Patogénico de las Pancreatitis Agudas. Lesiones producidas por la Etionina.

OpenAIRE

Pera Blanco-Morales, Cristóbal

2016-01-01

Cuando en el año 1952 realizamos una extensa revisión del problema de la necrosis aguda del páncreas, conveníamos en que eran tres las razones que justifican el gran interés que el estudio de esta afección conserva en la actualidad: a) Las dudas existentes acerca de su etiología y patogénesis. b) La extraordinaria gravedad del proceso que conduce a la muerte en una elevada proporción de casos. c) La incertidumbre sobre cua...

Manipulating radicals: Using cobalt to steer radical reactions

OpenAIRE

Chirilă, A.

2017-01-01

This thesis describes research aimed at understanding and exploiting metallo-radical reactivity and explores reactions mediated by square planar, low-spin cobalt(II) complexes. A primary goal was to uncover novel reactivity of discrete cobalt(III)-bound carbene radicals generated upon reaction of the cobalt(II) catalysts with carbene precursors. Another important goal was to replace cobalt(II)-porphyrin catalysts with cheaper and easier to prepare metallo-radical analogues. Therefore the cata...

Incidencia de las leucemias agudas en niños de la ciudad de México, de 1982 a 1991

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Mejía-Aranguré Juan Manuel

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Medir la tasa de incidencia de las leucemias agudas (LA en las diferentes delegaciones políticas del Distrito Federal y evaluar si existe una tendencia significativa en dichos padecimientos en tales delegaciones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo realizado en seis hospitales de la ciudad de México, los que atienden a cerca de 97.5% de todos los niños con cáncer de esta ciudad. Los datos se capturaron de 1995 a 1996, y se analizaron en 1999, en el Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Para cada delegación se calcularon la tasa de incidencia anual promedio, la tasa estandarizada y la razón estandarizada de morbilidad (REM con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%. La tendencia se evaluó con la tasa de cambio promedio. RESULTADOS: Se observó una tendencia al incremento en la incidencia de la leucemia aguda linfoblástica (LAL en cinco delegaciones: Alvaro Obregón, Cuauhtémoc, Gustavo A. Madero, Iztacalco y Venustiano Carranza. En la leucemia aguda mieloblástica (LAM no se notificaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la incidencia en ninguna delegación política. Sólo con LAM se encontró una REM significativa y correspondió a la delegación Alvaro Obregón (REM= 2.91, IC 95% 1.63 - 4.80. Las REM más altas se encontraron en el sur y suroeste de la ciudad. CONCLUSIONES: Sólo se observó incremento en la incidencia de LAL en cinco delegaciones políticas. La incidencia más alta de LAM se encontró en la delegación Alvaro Obregón.

Free radical inactivation of trypsin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cudina, Ivana; Jovanovic, S.V.

1988-01-01

Reactivities of free radical oxidants, radical OH, Br2-anion radical and Cl 3 COO radical and a reductant, CO2-anion radical, with trypsin and reactive protein components were determined by pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions at pH 7, 20 0 C. Highly reactive free radicals, radical OH, Br2-anion radical and CO2-anion radical, react with trypsin at diffusion controlled rates. Moderately reactive trichloroperoxy radical, k(Cl 3 COO radical + trypsin) preferentially oxidizes histidine residues. The efficiency of inactivation of trypsin by free radicals is inversely proportional to their reactivity. The yields of inactivation of trypsin by radical OH, Br2-anion radical and CO2-anion radical are low, G(inactivation) = 0.6-0.8, which corresponds to ∼ 10% of the initially produced radicals. In contrast, Cl 3 COO radical inactivates trypsin with ∼ 50% efficiency, i.e. G(inactivation) = 3.2. (author)

Lesão renal aguda séptica versus não séptica em pacientes graves: características e desfechos clínicos

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Marília Galvão Cruz

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Descrever e comparar as características e os desfechos clínicos de pacientes com lesão renal aguda séptica e não séptica. Métodos: Coorte aberta com 117 pacientes graves com lesão renal aguda consecutivamente admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva, sendo excluídos aqueles que apresentavam doença renal crônica em estágio avançado, transplante renal, internação ou morte em um período inferior a 24 horas. Presença de sepse e óbito intra-hospitalar representaram, respectivamente, a exposição e o desfecho principal. Análise de confundimento foi realizada com a regressão logística. Resultados: Não houve diferenças na média de idade entre os grupos com lesão renal aguda séptica e não séptica [65,30±(21,27 anos versus 66,35±12,82 anos; p=0,75]. Nos dois grupos, similarmente, observou-se predomínio do sexo feminino (57,4% versus 52,4%; p=0,49 e de afrodescendentes (81,5% versus 76,2%; p=0,49. Os pacientes com sepse apresentaram maiores médias de escore Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [21,73±7,26 versus 15,75± (5,98; p18,5 (OR: 9,77; IC95%: 3,73-25,58 foram associados ao óbito. Conclusão: Sepse foi um preditor independente para óbito. Existem diferenças entre as características e desfechos clínicos dos pacientes com lesão renal aguda séptica versus não séptica.

O uso do Aloe sp (aloe vera em feridas agudas e crônicas: revisão integrativa

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Lucélia Terra Chini

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: buscar evidencias disponibles en la literatura acerca del uso de Aloe sp (sábila en la cicatrización de heridas agudas y crónicas. Materiales y método: se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed y Scopus, en el periodo de febrero a marzo del 2015. La búsqueda resultó en 178 publicaciones. Resultados: siete estudios constituyeron la revisión, los cuales involucraron personas con heridas de cesárea, heridas de episiotomía, quemaduras, área donadora de injerto, heridas posthemorroidectomía y heridas fisuarias anales crónicas. Se evidenció que la sábila promueve la cicatrización de heridas, además de disminuir el dolor en fisuras anales crónicas y quemaduras. Conclusiones: la sábila representa una nueva terapéutica en el tratamiento de heridas; sin embargo, las evidencias disponibles sobre su eficacia y seguridad son ineficientes para legitimar su uso en la cicatrización de heridas agudas y crónicas; por lo tanto, no se pueden generalizar.

Fatores de risco para internação por doença respiratória aguda em crianças até um ano de idade

OpenAIRE

Macedo,Silvia Elaine Cardozo; Menezes,Ana Maria Baptista; Albernaz,Elaine; Post,Paulo; Knorst,Marli

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco para hospitalização por doença respiratória aguda em crianças até um ano de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo de casos e controles na cidade de Pelotas, RS. Os casos foram crianças de até um ano de idade, que se hospitalizaram por doença respiratória aguda, de agosto de 1997 a julho de 1998. Os controles foram crianças da comunidade, da mesma idade, sem hospitalização prévia por essa doença. Um questionário investigando exposição a fatores de risco foi aplicado às mães...

Conversion of alkyl radicals to allyl radicals in irradiated single crystal mats of polyethylene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimura, T.; Hayakawa, N.; Kuriyama, I.

1978-01-01

The decay of alkyl radicals, the conversion of alkyl radicals to allyl radicals and the trapping of allyl radicals in irradiated single crystal mats of polyethylene have been studied by electron spin resonance (e.s.r.). It has been suggested that in the crystal core alkyl radicals react with trans-vinylene double bonds and are converted into trans-vinylene allyl radicals; at the crystal surface, alkyl radicals react with vinyl end groups and are converted into allyl radicals with vinyl end groups. The decay of radical pairs and the formation of trans-vinylene double bonds are discussed. (author)

Efeitos hemodinâmicos da sobrecarga ventricular direita aguda experimental

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Flávio Brito Filho

2011-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A sobrecarga ventricular direita aguda está associada a situações clínicas de elevada morbimortalidade, tais como: ressecções pulmonares extensas, tromboembolismo pulmonar, transplante pulmonar e edema pulmonar das altitudes. Alguns pontos de sua fisiopatologia permanecem obscuros. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos da sobrecarga ventricular direita aguda experimental em suínos. MÉTODOS: A sobrecarga ventricular direita foi induzida pela oclusão das artérias pulmonares através de ligaduras. Vinte porcos foram utilizados no estudo, sendo alocados em 04 grupos: um controle, não submetido à oclusão vascular pulmonar, e três de sobrecarga ventricular direita submetidos à oclusão das seguintes artérias pulmonares: SVD1 (artéria pulmonar esquerda; SVD2 (artéria pulmonar esquerda e do lobo inferior direito e SVD3 (artéria pulmonar esquerda, do lobo inferior direito e do lobo mediastinal, obstruindo a vasculatura pulmonar em 42, 76 e 82,0% respectivamente. Variáveis de hemodinâmica foram medidas a cada 15 minutos durante a uma hora do estudo. Na análise estatística, foram utilizados ajustes de modelos lineares mistos com estrutura de variâncias e covariâncias. RESULTADOS: Nas comparações intergrupais, houve aumento significativo da frequência cardíaca (p = 0,004, pressão arterial pulmonar média (p = 0,001 e pressão capilar pulmonar (p < 0,0001. Houve redução significativa da pressão arterial média (p = 0,01 e do índice sistólico (p = 0,002. Não houve diferença significativa no índice cardíaco (p = 0,94. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da intensa sobrecarga ventricular direita promovida pela obstrução de 82,0% da vasculatura pulmonar e pelo aumento significativo da pressão arterial pulmonar não houve disfunção cardiovascular severa e/ou choque circulatório no período estudado.

Guest Editorial: Processes of Radicalization and De-Radicalization

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Donatella Della Porta

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The study of radicalization and de-radicalization, understood as processes leading towards the increased or decreased use of political violence, is central to the question of how political violence emerges, how it can be prevented, and how it can be contained. The focus section of this issue of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence addresses radicalization and de-radicalization, seeking to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the processes, dynamics, and mechanisms involved and taking an interdisciplinary approach to overcome the fragmentation into separate disciplines and focus areas. Contributions by Pénélope Larzillière, Felix Heiduk, Bill Kissane, Hank Johnston, Christian Davenport and Cyanne Loyle, Veronique Dudouet, and Lasse Lindekilde address repressive settings, legitimacy, institutional aspects, organizational outcomes, and dynamics in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America.

Metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization and radical polyaddition for precision polymer synthesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mizutani, M; Satoh, K [Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Kamigaito, M, E-mail: kamigait@apchem.nagoya-u.ac.j

2009-08-01

The metal-catalyzed radical addition reaction can be evolved into two different polymerization mechanisms, i.e.; chain- and step-growth polymerizations, while both the polymerizations are based on the same metal-catalyzed radical formation reaction. The former is a widely employed metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization or atom transfer radical polymerization of common vinyl monomers, and the latter is a novel metal-catalyzed radical polyaddition of designed monomer with an unconjugated C=C double bond and a reactive C-Cl bond in one molecule. The simultaneous ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization of methyl acrylate and radical polyaddition of 3-butenyl 2-chloropropionate was achieved with Ru(Cp*)Cl(PPh{sub 3}){sub 2} to afford the controlled polymers, in which the homopolymer segments with the controlled chain length were connected by the ester linkage.

Tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide aguda del niño en Cuba Treatment of children acute myeloid leukemia in Cuba

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Andrea Menéndez Veitía

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la leucemia mieloide aguda representa alrededor del 20 % de las leucemias agudas de la niñez con una respuesta al tratamiento y supervivencia menores que la leucemia linfoide aguda. Objetivo: describir los resultados obtenidos con el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide aguda del niño en algunos centros de Cuba en el período 2000-2008. Métodos: se trataron 46 pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda, se excluyeron los casos con leucemia promielocítica, diagnosticados a partir del año 2000 en las provincias occidentales, Sancti Spíritus y Villa Clara. Se aplicaron dos esquemas de tratamiento tipo BFM en dos períodos: en el primero (2000 -2003 se incluyeron 27 enfermos y en el segundo (2004-2008, 19. La diferencia fundamental entre los dos períodos consistió en la consolidación que en la segunda etapa fue de ciclos más intensos y cortos. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (n = 32 y la mediana de edad fue de 9 años. La remisión inicial fue del 71 % en la primera etapa y 89 % en la segunda. La supervivencia libre de eventos (SLE en todos los pacientes fue del 40 % a los 5 años y la supervivencia global (SV fue del 44 % en igual período. En la SLE en las dos etapas se encontraron diferencias significativas siendo mayor en la segunda. En los años comprendidos entre el 2000 y el 2003 la SV a los 5 años fue del 31 %, mientras que entre 2004 y 2008 fue del 63 %. No se empleó el trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas de forma sistemática. Conclusiones: estos resultados muestran un nivel comparable a los alcanzados a internacionalmente, lo que representa un importante logro del Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba.Introduction. acute myeloid leukemia represents about 20 % of all leukemias in childhood with results and survival smaller than in acute lymphoid leukemia. Objectives: to describe the results obtained with the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children in some Cuban centers in from 2000 to 2008

Acute pancreatitis associated with hypercalcemia: A report of two cases Pancreatitis aguda asociada a hipercalcemia: Presentación de dos casos

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J. Egea Valenzuela

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism is a rare etiology for acute pancreatitis, oscillating between 1.5 and 7% in the different series. Although the cause-effect relationship and the pathophysiology of the condition are not clear, it seems that the association among them is not incidental, and serum calcium could be a major risk factor, so that pancreatitis would come to occur during severe hypercalcemia attacks. Mutations in different genes have been proposed as well to justify why only some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia develop acute pancreatitis. References to cases like these ones are rare in the literature. We report two patients with acute pancreatitis associated with hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, one of them with a fatal outcome.La hipercalcemia secundaria a hiperparatiroidismo es una causa rara de pancreatitis aguda, variando entre el 1,5-7% según las series consultadas. Aunque la relación causal y la fisiopatología del proceso no están totalmente aclaradas, parece claro que la asociación no es incidental y que los niveles de calcio sérico serían un factor de riesgo mayor, desencadenándose los cuadros de pancreatitis durante las crisis de hipercalcemia. También se han descrito alteraciones en diversos genes que podrían estar implicados, justificando por qué sólo unos pocos pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario e hipercalcemia sufren pancreatitis aguda. Existen muy pocas referencias en la literatura a casos como los que nos ocupan. Presentamos a continuación dos pacientes con cuadros de pancreatitis aguda asociados a hiperparatiroidismo e hipercalcemia, uno de ellos con desenlace fatal.

Tratamento da necrose aguda de retina: revisão sistemática Treatment of acute retinal necrosis: systematic review

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Moysés Eduardo Zajdenweber

2005-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi pela realização de revisão sistemática, determinar o melhor tratamento para a necrose aguda de retina. MÉTODOS: Seguindo a orientação metodológica da Colaboração Cochrane e de seu subgrupo editorial "Eye and Vision Group", o autor, por meio de mecanismos de busca, selecionou trabalhos sobre o tratamento da necrose aguda de retina. RESULTADO: Foram selecionadas 146 referências bibliográficas, sendo considerados como relevantes 13 estudos. Destes estudos 2 foram considerados como preenchendo os critérios de inclusão. O primeiro estudo aponta a possibilidade de o tratamento para necrose aguda de retina, com aciclovir endovenoso associado a corticóide sistêmico, proteger o olho contralateral de acometimento. Foram estudados 54 pacientes, 31 tratados e 23 não tratados, sendo observada incidência de doença no olho contralateral de 12,9% no grupo tratado e de 69,5% no grupo não tratado. O segundo estudo incluído mostra 19 olhos acometidos com necrose aguda de retina, sendo que 12 destes olhos foram submetidos à fotocoagulação com laser de argônio, com o objetivo de prevenir o descolamento de retina. Dos 12 olhos, 2 desenvolveram descolamento de retina (16,6% ao passo que, no grupo não tratado, composto por 7 olhos, 4 desenvolveram descolamento de retina (57,1%. CONCLUSÃO: O autor conclui que os dois tipos de intervenção propostos se mostraram eficazes, porém, como os estudos são metodologicamente fracos, torna-se necessária a realização de estudos clínicos randomizados para que se possa estabelecer o melhor tratamento para a necrose aguda de retina.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify, according to an sistematic review, the best treatment for acute retinal necrosis. METHODS: Following the methodologic guidance of the Cochrane Collaboration and its editorial subgroup "Eye and Vision Group", using search strategy for study identification, articles about the treatment

Pancreatitis aguda por hipertrigliceridemia severa: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

OpenAIRE

Herrera Del Águila, Dwight Denis; Garavito Rentería, Jorge; Linarez Medina, Karen; Lizarzaburu Rodríguez, Víctor

2015-01-01

La pancreatitis aguda por hipertrigliceridemia se presenta en aproximadamente 1-4 % de los casos, es la tercera causa de pancreatitis luego de la etiología biliar y alcohólica. La hipertrigliceridemia puede ser producida por causas primarias asociadas a trastornos genéticos en el metabolismo de los lípidos, y por casusas secundarias. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 32 años de edad, natural de Huancayo, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, dislipidemia mixta severa con hip...

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la diverticulitis aguda en la Comunidad Valenciana. Estudio multicéntrico.

OpenAIRE

Salvador Martínez, Antonio

2015-01-01

Diverticulitis aguda. Estado actual y controversias Este término representa un espectro de los cambios inflamatorios que van desde una inflamación local subclínica hasta la peritonitis generalizada con perforación libre. Su mecanismo de aparición gira alrededor de una perforación de un divertículo. El antiguo concepto de obstrucción luminal probablemente represente un hecho raro. El aumento de la presión intraluminal o las partículas espesadas de alimentos pueden erosionar la pared d...

Efeito da hipertermia na pancreatite aguda grave experimental

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Maurício Gustavo Ieri Yamanari

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da hipertermia na pancreatite aguda (PA grave experimental induzida por ácido taurocólico. MÉTODO: A PA grave foi induzida pela injeção retrógrada de ácido taurocólico a 2,5% ou 5% no ducto pancreático principal. Após a indução, os animais foram colocados numa gaiola contendo duas lâmpadas de 100 W. A temperatura corporal foi aumentada para 39,5ºC e mantida neste nível por 45 minutos. Foram estudados taxa de mortalidade em 72 horas, permeabilidade vascular no pâncreas, porcentagem de água no tecido pancreático, amilase sérica, histologia (edema, necrose acinar e infiltrado inflamatório e níveis séricos de IL-6 e IL-10. RESULTADOS: Não houve alteração em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: Não há benefício da hipertermia na PA grave experimental induzida por ácido taurocólico.

Bases moleculares de la depleción de glutatión y de la necrosis celular en la pancreatitis aguda. Papel de las proteín quinasas activadas por mitógenos.

OpenAIRE

Pereda Cervera, Javier

2006-01-01

RESUMEN La pancreatitis aguda es el proceso inflamatorio agudo del páncreas con afectación variable de otros tejidos regionales y sistemas orgánicos alejados. Es una enfermedad con una incidencia relativamente elevada en España y en el resto del mundo y con una mortalidad entre el 10 y el 45% de los casos graves de la enfermedad. Los mecanismos moleculares por los que una pancreatitis aguda se desarrolla, así como aquellos que conducen a una pancreatitis grave, aún no están del todo esclar...

Radical Change by Entrepreneurial Design

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Roberts, Nancy C

1998-01-01

.... How radical change in public policy has occurred in the past is then documented. We find examples of radical change by chance, radical change by consensus, radical change by learning, and radical change by entrepreneurial design...

Diabetes Mellitus en el servicio de urgencias: manejo de las complicaciones agudas en adultos

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Eder A. Hernández-Ruiz

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La Diabetes Mellitus (DM es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, reconocida como un problema de salud pública, debido a sus altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas. Diferentes estudios han documentado que la falta de adherencia al tratamiento, constituye uno de los principales factores desencadenantes para las descompensaciones agudas en el paciente diabético. Dentro del espectro de dichas alteraciones se encuentran las crisis hiperglicémicas agudas, las cuales se han dicotomizado en dos entidades clínicas: la Cetoacidosis Diabética (CAD y el Estado Hiperglicémico Hiperosmolar (EHH, que constituyen complicaciones metabólicas potencialmente fatales en el corto plazo y de las cuales pueden encontrarse cuadros superpuestos. Se han establecido criterios diagnósticos específicos buscando realizar un diagnóstico diferencial acertado, que permita un tratamiento idóneo; sin embargo, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad siguen siendo considerables. Por su parte, la Hipoglicemia también constituye una emergencia médica que, de no ser tratada oportunamente, puede ocasionar daño neurológico permanente e incluso la muerte. De lo anterior se deduce la importancia de que existan guías claras de manejo de estas alteraciones en todos los centros y servicios donde se preste atención médica de urgencias. Se siguen realizando investigaciones en busca de nuevas estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas que permitan un manejo más integral de la DM y sus complicaciones, en aras de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Factores de riesgo de infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de 5 años

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María Eulalia Prieto Herrera

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio analítico, retrospectivo de casos y controles, pareado 1:1 para conocer algunos factores de riesgo de infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de 5 años del reparto La Yaba, pertenecientes al policlínico Este de Camagüey, durante el año 1996. El universo fueron 90 niños que padecieron infecciones respiratorias agudas durante este período. La fuente de obtención de datos fue la historia clínica familiar e individual. El registro primario fue la encuesta con las variables: lactancia materna, desnutrición, enfermedades asociadas, fumador pasivo, hacinamiento. Se concluyó que la lactancia materna inadecuada (RR 12, 152, la desnutrición (RR 2, 278, la enfermedad parasitaria (RR 1, 643, el fumador pasivo (RR, 536 y el hacinamiento (RR 2, 719 se comportaron como factores de riesgo.An analytic retrospective case-control study was performed, matched 1:1, with the aim of getting to know the risk factors for acute respiratory diseases in children under 5 years of age from La Yaba neighborhood belonging to the health area of the eastern policlinics of Camaguey, during the year 1996. The study material was made up of 90 children that suffered from acute respiratory diseases during that period. The data source was the individual and family medical histories. The primary record was a survey including the following variables: breast feeding, malnutrition, associated diseases, passive smoking, overcrowding. It was concluded that inadequate breast feeding (RR 12, 152, malnutrition (RR 2, 278, parasitic disease (RR 1, 643, passive smoking (RR, 536 and overcrowding (RR 2, 719 behaved as risk factors.

The games radicals play : special issue on free radicals and radical ions

OpenAIRE

Walton, J.C.; Williams, F.

2015-01-01

Chemistry and Physics have aptly been described as “most excellent children of Intellect and Art” [1]. Both these “children” engage with many playthings, and molecules rank as one of their first favorites, especially radicals, which are amongst the most lively and exciting. Checking out radicals dancing to the music of entropy round their potential energy ballrooms is surely both entertaining and enlightening. Radicals’ old favorite convolutions are noteworthy, but the new styles, modes and a...

Incidência comparativa da apendicite aguda em população miscigenada, de acordo com a cor da pele Comparative incidence of acute appendicitis in a mixed population, related to the skin color

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Andy Petroianu

2004-03-01

Full Text Available RACIONAL: Apendicite aguda é uma emergência cirúrgica muito comum, mas sua etiopatogenia ainda permanece incompreendida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos da apendicite aguda relacionados à cor da pele, sexo e idade. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 500 pacientes operados de apendicite aguda e outros 500 doentes aleatórios tratados por diferentes doenças no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG. Avaliaram-se sexo, idade e cor da pele. Os resultados foram comparados por meio do teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Significativa prevalência de pacientes leucodérmicos (73,8% foi verificada nessas séries. Não houve predominância por sexo. O número de homens leucodérmicos com apendicite aguda foi significativamente maior do que homens leucodérmicos do grupo-controle. A incidência de melanodérmicos com apendicite foi significativamente menor do que a de pacientes negros do grupo-controle. A idade média da apendicite aguda foi de 23,2 anos para os pacientes leucodérmicos e de 32,3 anos para os melanodérmicos. CONCLUSÕES: Foi nítida a relação entre apendicite aguda com a cor branca da pele.BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is a very common surgical emergency, but its etiology and pathology remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate epidemiological aspects of acute appendicitis related to skin color, gender and age. METHODS: Five-hundred patients operated on for acute appendicitis, and other 500 patients treated for different diseases and considered as a control group were studied at "Hospital das Clínicas", Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Gender, age and skin color were investigated. The results were compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: There was no prevalence related to gender. A significant prevalence of white patients (73.8% was verified in this series. The number of white men with appendicitis was significantly higher than white men in the

Time resolved resonance Raman spectra of anilino radical and aniline radical cation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tripathi, G.N.R.; Schuler, R.H.

1987-01-01

We report, in this paper, submicrosecond time resolved resonance Raman spectra of anilino radical and its radical cation as observed in pulse radiolytic studies of the oxidation of aniline in aqueous solution. By excitation in resonance with the broad and weak electronic transition of anilino radical at 400 nm (ε--1250 M -1 cm -1 ) we have observed, for the first time, the vibrational features of this radical. The Wilson ν 8 /sub a/ ring stretching mode at 1560 cm -1 is most strongly resonance enhanced. The ν 7 /sub a/ CN stretching band at 1505 cm -1 , which is shifted to higher frequency by 231 cm -1 with respect to aniline, is also prominent. The frequency of this latter mode indicates that the CN bond in the radical has considerable double bond character. The Raman spectrum of aniline radical cation, excited in resonance with the --425 nm electronic absorption (ε--4000 M -1 cm -1 ), shows features which are similar to phenoxyl radical. Most of the observed frequencies of this radical in solution are in good agreement with vibrational energies determined by recent laser photoelectron spectroscopic studies in the vapor phase. The bands most strongly enhanced in the resonance Raman spectrum are, however, weak in the photoelectron spectrum. While the vibrational frequencies observed for anilino radical and its isoelectronic cation are quite similar, the resonance enhancement patterns are very different. In particular the ν 14 b 2 mode of anilino radical observed at 1324 cm -1 is highly resonance enhanced because of strong vibronic coupling between the 400 nm 2 A 2 -- 2 B 1 and the higher 2 B 1 -- 2 B 1 electronic transitions

Daño pulmonar agudo relacionado con la transfusión (Trali y Bartonelosis aguda

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Douglas López de Guimaraes

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de un varón de 22 años procedente de la periferia de la ciudad de Huaraz, Perú, que acude al Hospital "Victor Ramos Guardia" de Huaraz con un tiempo de enfermedad de 14 días, febril, pálido e ictérico, en el frotis de sangre periférica se encuentran formas bacilares de Bartonella bacilliformis en 99% de la lámina; se inicia tratamiento antibiótico con ceftriaxona y ciprofloxacino. Al día siguiente se le indica transfusión de dos paquetes globulares (puesto que tenía 6,2 g/dL de Hb, dos horas después presenta dolor toráxico, tos seca exigente, vómitos, dificultad respiratoria y cianosis, en la auscultación se encuentran roncantes y crepitantes, la radiografía de tórax muestra infiltrado alveolar difuso a predominio derecho. Es trasladado a la UCI donde recibe oxígeno con máscara de reservorio, dopamina, corticoides y se inicia el monitoreo hemodinámico; responde en forma satisfactoria, sale de alta con frotis negativo a Bartonella bacilliformis. Es el primer caso de daño pulmonar agudo relacionado con la transfusión (TRALI asociado con Bartonelosis aguda con cuadro clínico - radiológico y evolución compatible, es importante distinguir entre la complicación pulmonar debido a la sepsis grave por Bartonelosis aguda, que puede producir un cuadro clínico similar y el TRALI.

Porfiria aguda intermitente: relato de caso e revisão da literatura Acute intermittent porphyria: case report and review of the literature

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Daniela von Ah Lopes

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Porfiria aguda intermitente é patologia incomum, com conseqüências potencialmente graves se não reconhecida precocemente. Dentre as possíveis causas de indução de crises de porfiria, a redução da ingestão calórica é descrita na literatura. Relatamos um caso de porfiria aguda intermitente no pós-operatório tardio de gastroplastia indicada para tratamento da obesidade, revisando aspectos do diagnóstico e tratamento da patologia na unidade de terapia intensiva. Paciente feminina, 31 anos, com história de gastroplastia há 3 semanas admitida na unidade de terapia intensiva com rebaixamento do nível de consciência e desconforto respiratório. Evoluiu com agitação psicomotora, confusão mental, dor abdominal e tetraparesia proximal. Na investigação diagnóstica foi encontrado hiponatremia grave (92 mEq/L, hipomagnesemia, hipofosfatemia e hipocalcemia, urina turva, sem hematúria. Aventou-se hipótese de porfiria aguda, realizado dosagem do ácido delta-aminolevulínico e porfobilinogênio na urina de 24h, com elevação de ambos. Iniciado tratamento com dieta rica em carboidratos, sem utilizar hematina ou arginato de heme, devido à dificuldades no fornecimento destas medicações. Evoluiu com melhora clínica gradativa e recuperação completa da força muscular após 8 meses. A porfiria aguda intermitente possui sinais e sintomas comuns a muitas patologias clínicas e neuropsiquiátricas dificultando o diagnóstico, em especial quando estes se manifestam isoladamente. Assim, deve-se incluir a porfiria aguda intermitente no diagnóstico diferencial de distúrbios neurológicos, psiquiátricos e gastroenterológicos em crises, no qual todos os demais exames estejam normais. Atenção deve ser dada a pacientes submetidos à cirurgias, em especial cirurgia bariátrica que, além do estresse cirúrgico, limita substancialmente a ingesta calórica podendo desencadear crises. Não há descrito na literatura, até o momento, nenhum

Intramolecular transformation of thiyl radicals to α-aminoalkyl radicals: 'ab initio' calculations on homocystein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chhun, S.; Berges, J.; Bleton, V.; Abedinzadeh, Z.

2000-01-01

One-electron oxidation of thiols by oxidizing radicals leads to the formation of thiyl radical and carbon-centered radicals. It has been shown experimentally that in the absence of oxygen, the thiyl radicals derived from certain thiols of biological interest such as glutathion, cysteine and homocysteine decay rapidly by intramolecular rearrangement reactions into the carbon-centered radical. In the present work we have investigated theoretically the structure and the stability of thiyl and carbon-centered radicals of homocysteine in order to check the possibility of this rearrangement. (author)

Ataxia cerebelar aguda na criança Acute cerebellar ataxia in children

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Valeriana Moura Ribeiro

1968-03-01

Full Text Available São relatados os casos de 6 crianças com ataxia cerebelar aguda. Admitem os autores a presença de um fator etiológico de caráter viral comum a todos êles, discutindo os mecanismos patogênicos com base nos casos da literatura. A evolução foi favorável em todos os pacientes, com regressão completa da sintomatologia, dentro do período de 6 a 60 dias.Clinical observations of 6 children with acute cerebellar ataxia and respective laboratorial data are reported. Considerations are made in order to support the hypothesis of involving virus. The evolution of the disorder was a nonfatal one and the patients regained normal cerebellar function within a period of 6 to 60 days.

Guía para la práctica clínica de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas

OpenAIRE

Freijoso Santiesteban, Elsie; Cires Pujol, María Miriam; Silva Herrera, Lázaro; Delgado Martínez, Ibis; Riverón Corteguera, Raúl; Ramírez, Margarita

2003-01-01

Se presenta una guía para la práctica clínica de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA), cuyo objetivo principal es el de establecer recomendaciones para el manejo terapéutico de pacientes con EDA. En la misma se abordan las definiciones y causas de las EDA, los objetivos del tratamiento, la evaluación del paciente con diarreas y las características clínico epidemiológicas, así como las consideraciones terapéuticas y tratamientos para las diarreas causadas por diferentes microorganismos.A c...

Leucograma e proteínas de fase aguda de ruminantes domésticos sadios e enfermos

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Simplicio, Kalina Maria de Medeiros Gomes [UNESP

2011-01-01

Foi avaliada a importância de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) como biomarcadores de enfermidades em ruminantes domésticos. Para tal se determinou o proteinograma sérico e leucograma de 15 bovinos sadios e 15 doentes, 15 ovinos sadios e 15 doentes, e 15 caprinos sadios e 15 doentes. Todos foram submetidos a colheitas diárias de sangue durante sete dias, enquanto permaneciam internados no Hospital Veterinário da FCAV-UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Em bovinos a haptoglobina teve destaque como bioma...

Free radical transfer in polymers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sonntag, C. von; Bothe, E.; Ulanski, P.

1998-01-01

For the present study of free-radical transfer in polymers pulse radiolysis and product studies have been carried out in aqueous solutions using thus far only the water-soluble polymers polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol. When OH radicals, generated in the radiolysis of N 2 O-saturated aqueous solutions, react with polymers the lifetime of the polymer radical thus created very much depends on the number of radicals per polymer chain. When there are a large number of radicals per chain their bimolecular decay may be faster than the corresponding (diffusion controlled) decay of monomeric radicals, but when the macromolecule contains only few or even just one radical their lifetime is considerably prolonged. Highly charged polymers such as polyacrylic acid at high pH attain a rod-like conformation which again favors a long lifetime of the radicals. Under such conditions, radical transfer reactions can occur. For example, in polyacrylic acid OH radicals generate two kinds of radicals side by side. The radical in β-position to the carboxylate group converts into the thermodynamically more stable α-radicals by an H-transfer reaction as can be followed by spectrophotometry. Besides radical transfer reactions β-fragmentation reactions occur causing chain scission. Such reactions can be followed in a pulse radiolysis experiment by conductometry, because counter ions are released upon chain scission. Such a process is especially effective in the case of polymethacrylic acid, where it results in a chain depolymerization. An intramolecular H-abstraction is also observed in the γ-radiolysis of polyacrylic acid with the corresponding peroxyl radicals. This causes a chain reaction to occur. The resulting hydroperoxides are unstable and decarboxylate given rise to acetylacetone-like products. In polyvinyl alcohol the peroxyl radicals in α-position to the alcohol function undergo HO 2 -elimination. This prevents a scission of the polymer chain in the

Infección por Campylobacter y Shigella como causa de Diarrea Aguda Infecciosa en niños menores de dos años en el Distrito de la Victoria, Lima-Perú

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María Perales D; Máximo Camiña; Carmen Quiñones

2002-01-01

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Campylobacter y Shigella como agentes etiológicos en diarrea aguda acuosa en niños menores de dos años atendidos en 4 centros de salud del distrito de La Victoria (Lima, Perú) Materiales y métodos: en este estudio transversal analítico se realizaron coprocultivos bajo técnica microbiológica estándar a los niños menores de dos años con diarrea aguda acuosa atendidos en 4 centros de salud de La Victoria entre abril y octubre de 2001. Fueron excluidos aquell...

Otitis media aguda: nuevo enfoque terapéutico

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Ileana Alvarez Lam

2004-03-01

Full Text Available La otitis media aguda continúa siendo una de las enfermedades infecciosas más frecuentes en la infancia. Se hace una revisión del tema haciendo énfasis en la conducta terapéutica actual luego del surgimiento de complejos mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana creados por los microorganismos causantes de la enfermedad. Como toda enfermedad infecciosa las esperanzas están cifradas en el surgimiento de una vacuna que impacte de forma positiva en nuestra población infantil. En tal sentido se hace una reflexión sobre el uso de la vacuna antineumocócica de 7 valencias (Prevnar y su repercusión sobre esta enfermedad.Acute otitis media is still one of the most common infectious diseases among children. A review of the topic is made giving emphasis to the present therapeutic conduct after the appearance of complex mechanisms of bacterial resistance created by the microorganisms causing the disease. As in every infectious disease, we place our hopes on the emergence of a vaccine with a positive impact on our infantile population. In this sense, a reflection is made on the use of the heptavalent antipneumococcic vaccine (Prevnar and its repercussion on this disease.

Glutathione--hydroxyl radical interaction: a theoretical study on radical recognition process.

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Béla Fiser

Full Text Available Non-reactive, comparative (2 × 1.2 μs molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to characterize the interactions between glutathione (GSH, host molecule and hydroxyl radical (OH(•, guest molecule. From this analysis, two distinct steps were identified in the recognition process of hydroxyl radical by glutathione: catching and steering, based on the interactions between the host-guest molecules. Over 78% of all interactions are related to the catching mechanism via complex formation between anionic carboxyl groups and the OH radical, hence both terminal residues of GSH serve as recognition sites. The glycine residue has an additional role in the recognition of OH radical, namely the steering. The flexibility of the Gly residue enables the formation of further interactions of other parts of glutathione (e.g. thiol, α- and β-carbons with the lone electron pair of the hydroxyl radical. Moreover, quantum chemical calculations were carried out on selected GSH/OH(• complexes and on appropriate GSH conformers to describe the energy profile of the recognition process. The relative enthalpy and the free energy changes of the radical recognition of the strongest complexes varied from -42.4 to -27.8 kJ/mol and from -21.3 to 9.8 kJ/mol, respectively. These complexes, containing two or more intermolecular interactions, would be the starting configurations for the hydrogen atom migration to quench the hydroxyl radical via different reaction channels.

Pancreatite aguda leve: avaliação pela ultra-sonografia. estudo prospectivo Mild acute pancreatitis: ultrasound evaluation: a prospective study

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Márcio Martins Machado

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo Neste estudo foram avaliados, por meio da ultra-sonografia, 21 pacientes com pancreatite aguda leve. Foram analisadas a presença ou ausência de hipoecogenicidade do pâncreas e a presença ou ausência de líquido peripancreático. Em 19 pacientes (90,5% foi identificada hipoecogenicidade pancreática, e em três (15,8% destes pacientes foi identificada a presença de pequena quantidade de líquido na pequena cavidade dos epíploons. Em dois pacientes (9,5% não se identificou qualquer alteração pancreática. Com relação à possível etiologia da pancreatite aguda, em 15 pacientes (71,5% pôde-se demonstrar a presença de colecistopatia calculosa, em quatro pacientes (19,0% havia história de alcoolismo crônico e não foram identificados cálculos na vesícula biliar, e em dois pacientes (9,5% não foi identificada qualquer causa aparente. Os autores concluem que a ultra-sonografia pode identificar alteração na maioria dos pacientes com pancreatite aguda leve e permite, ainda, o acompanhamento daqueles com pequenas coleções líquidas peripancreáticas.We analyzed the ultrasonographic findings of 21 patients with mild acute pancreatitis. The presence or absence of pancreatic hypoechogenicity and peripancreatic fluid collection was assessed. Pancreatic hypoechogenicity was identified in 19 patients (90.5% whereas small sac fluid collection was identified in 3 (15.8% of these patients. No abnormality was seen in 2 patients (9.5%. Regarding the etiology of acute pancreatitis, cholelithiasis was identified in 15 patients (71.5%, alcohol abuse was identified in 4 patients (19.0%, and in 2 patients (9.5% no probable etiology could be found. The authors conclude that ultrasonography may identify abnormalities in the majority of patients with mild acute pancreatitis and can be used to assess patients with peripancreatic fluid collections.

Development of a new free radical absorption capacity assay method for antioxidants: aroxyl radical absorption capacity (ARAC).

Science.gov (United States)

Nagaoka, Shin-ichi; Nagai, Kanae; Fujii, Yuko; Ouchi, Aya; Mukai, Kazuo

2013-10-23

A new free radical absorption capacity assay method is proposed with use of an aroxyl radical (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)phenoxyl radical) and stopped-flow spectroscopy and is named the aroxyl radical absorption capacity (ARAC) assay method. The free radical absorption capacity (ARAC value) of each tocopherol was determined through measurement of the radical-scavenging rate constant in ethanol. The ARAC value could also be evaluated through measurement of the half-life of the aroxyl radical during the scavenging reaction. For the estimation of the free radical absorption capacity, the aroxyl radical was more suitable than the DPPH radical, galvinoxyl, and p-nitrophenyl nitronyl nitroxide. The ARAC value in tocopherols showed the same tendency as the free radical absorption capacities reported previously, and the tendency was independent of an oxygen radical participating in the scavenging reaction and of a medium surrounding the tocopherol and oxygen radical. The ARAC value can be directly connected to the free radical-scavenging rate constant, and the ARAC method has the advantage of treating a stable and isolable radical (aroxyl radical) in a user-friendly organic solvent (ethanol). The ARAC method was also successfully applied to a palm oil extract. Accordingly, the ARAC method would be useful in free radical absorption capacity assay of antioxidative reagents and foods.

Síndrome aguda do tórax como primeira manifestação de anemia falciforme em adulto

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BOK YOO HUGO HYUNG

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A síndrome aguda do tórax (SAT acomete portadores de anemia falciforme e é responsável por cerca de 25% dos óbitos. Relata-se o caso de um homem pardo de 45 anos, alcoolista crônico, sem nenhum antecedente de falcização, com quadro de pneumonia-símile havia sete dias. A radiografia simples do tórax mostrou infiltrado heterogêneo bilateral, com áreas de consolidação e broncograma aéreo e derrame pleural à esquerda. Outros exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia, leucocitose com desvio à esquerda e hipoxemia. Tratado com cefoxitina e amicacina, o paciente evoluiu rapidamente para insuficiência respiratória aguda e morreu 14 horas após a internação. Na necropsia, no exame dos pulmões observaram-se intensa congestão, hemorragia intra-alveolar, dano alveolar difuso e hemácias com morfologia falciforme. O caráter rápido, progressivo e freqüentemente mimetizado por outras doenças torna a SAT um evento dramático e de diagnóstico precoce difícil, sendo, entretanto, obrigatória tê-la sempre em mente, especialmente em um país com grande população da raça negra como o Brasil.

Mielitis aguda necrotizante en un paciente con Sida Acute necrotizing myelitis in an AIDS patient

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M. Corti

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Como consecuencia de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo-1 (HIV-1, otros patógenos como citomegalovirus (CMV y herpes simple tipo 1-2 (HSV 1-2 pueden comprometer tanto el sistema nervioso central como el periférico. Estos agentes pueden involucrar también a la médula espinal y causar una mielitis aguda necrotizante. Esta complicación ocurre por lo general en pacientes con enfermedad HIV/sida avanzada y marcada inmunodeficiencia, con recuentos de linfocitos T CD4+ de menos de 50 cél/µL. El cuadro clínico, los cambios en el LCR y las neuroimágenes generan una importante sospecha diagnóstica. Es fundamental el inicio precoz de la terapia antiviral específica. Se presenta un paciente con enfermedad avanzada debida al HIV-1 y mielitis aguda necrotizante por CMV y HSV bajo la forma clínica de síndrome de la cola de caballo.In the setting of HIV infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV and herpes simplex virus type 1-2 (HSV 1-2 can affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. These agents can involve the spinal cord and produce a necrotizing transverse myelitis. This usually occurs in AIDS patients with severe immunodeficiency: CD4 + lymphocyte counts typically are less than 50 cell/µL. The clinical presentation, CSF and imaging studies can provide a high level of suspicion diagnosis. Prompt initiation of antiviral specific drugs is essential. We report a patient with an acute necrotizing myelitis (cauda equina syndrome secondary to CMV and HSV infections.

Physiology of free radicals

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Stevanović Jelka

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Free radicals imply that every atom, molecule, ion, group of atoms, or molecules with one or several non-paired electrons in outer orbital. Among these are: nitrogenoxide (NO•, superoxide-anion-radical (O2•-, hydroxyl radical (OH•, peroxyl radical (ROO•, alcoxyl radical (RO• and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2•. However, reactive oxygen species also include components without non-paired electrons in outer orbital (so-called reactive non-radical agents, such as: singlet oxygen (1O2, peroxynitrite (ONOO-, hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2, hypochloric acid (eg. HOCl and ozone (O3. High concentrations of free radicals lead to the development of oxidative stress which is a precondition for numerous pathological effects. However, low and moderate concentrations of these matter, which occur quite normally during cell metabolic activity, play multiple significant roles in many reactions. Some of these are: regulation of signal pathways within the cell and between cells, the role of chemoattractors and leukocyte activators, the role in phagocytosis, participation in maintaining, changes in the position and shape of the cell, assisting the cell during adaption and recovery from damage (e.g.caused by physical effort, the role in normal cell growth, programmed cell death (apoptosis and cell ageing, in the synthesis of essential biological compounds and energy production, as well as the contribution to the regulation of the vascular tone, actually, tissue vascularization.

Lesiones periapicales agudas en pacientes adultos

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María Elena Fernández Collazo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal en el área de salud del Policlínico "27 de Noviembre" del municipio Marianao, La Habana, en el periodo correspondiente de enero a diciembre de 2009. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencia y que presentaron lesiones periapicales agudas. Se recogió información de las variables edad, sexo, grupo dentario, causa de la enfermedad, características clínicas e higiene bucal. Esta última se clasificó en las categorías eficiente y deficiente según el índice simplificado de higiene bucal. Se utilizó el X² para estimar la relación entre las variables, y la comparación de proporciones para contrastar la hipótesis de que existieran diferencias entre las lesiones periapicales para las categorías de las variables grupo dentario, causa de la enfermedad y características clínicas. Se encontró un predominio del absceso periapical agudo en un 84,7 % del grupo de edad de 35 a 59 años y del sexo masculino, aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas para estas variables, ni en los grupos dentarios con respecto a la enfermedad. La higiene bucal resultó estar relacionada con las lesiones periapicales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las lesiones periapicales respecto a todas las causas estudiadas, con excepción de las enfermedades periodontales. Respecto a las características clínicas hubo significación en cuanto al aumento de volumen del fondo del surco vestibular y la movilidad dentaria.

Engineering a horseradish peroxidase C stable to radical attacks by mutating multiple radical coupling sites.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Su Jin; Joo, Jeong Chan; Song, Bong Keun; Yoo, Young Je; Kim, Yong Hwan

2015-04-01

Peroxidases have great potential as industrial biocatalysts. In particular, the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds catalyzed by peroxidases has been extensively examined because of the advantage of this method over other conventional chemical methods. However, the industrial application of peroxidases is often limited because of their rapid inactivation by phenoxyl radicals during oxidative polymerization. In this work, we report a novel protein engineering approach to improve the radical stability of horseradish peroxidase isozyme C (HRPC). Phenylalanine residues that are vulnerable to modification by the phenoxyl radicals were identified using mass spectrometry analysis. UV-Vis and CD spectra showed that radical coupling did not change the secondary structure or the active site of HRPC. Four phenylalanine (Phe) residues (F68, F142, F143, and F179) were each mutated to alanine residues to generate single mutants to examine the role of these sites in radical coupling. Despite marginal improvement of radical stability, each single mutant still exhibited rapid radical inactivation. To further reduce inactivation by radical coupling, the four substitution mutations were combined in F68A/F142A/F143A/F179A. This mutant demonstrated dramatic enhancement of radical stability by retaining 41% of its initial activity compared to the wild-type, which was completely inactivated. Structure and sequence alignment revealed that radical-vulnerable Phe residues of HPRC are conserved in homologous peroxidases, which showed the same rapid inactivation tendency as HRPC. Based on our site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical characterization, we have shown that engineering radical-vulnerable residues to eliminate multiple radical coupling can be a good strategy to improve the stability of peroxidases against radical attack. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comportamento da síndrome coronariana aguda: resultados de um registro brasileiro Acute coronary syndrome behavior: results of a Brazilian registry

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Leopoldo Soares Piegas

2013-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O Brasil carece de registros multicêntricos publicados de síndrome coronariana aguda. OBJETIVO: O Registro Brasileiro de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda é um estudo multicêntrico nacional com objetivo de apresentar dados representativos das características clínicas, e manejo e evolução hospitalares dessa síndrome. MÉTODOS: Participaram 23 hospitais de 14 cidades. Foram elegíveis pacientes que se apresentaram com suspeita de síndrome coronariana aguda nas primeiras 24 horas, com quadro clínico sugestivo, associado a alterações eletrocardiográficas compatíveis e/ou marcadores de necrose. O seguimento foi realizado até o óbito ou a alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Entre os anos de 2003 e 2008, foram incluídos 2.693 pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda, sendo 864 (32,1% mulheres. O diagnóstico final foi de angina instável para 1.141 (42,4% pacientes, com mortalidade de 3,06% deles; de infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnível de ST para 529 (19,6% pacientes, com mortalidade de 6,8% deles; e de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnível de ST para 950 (35,3% pacientes, com mortalidade de 8,1% deles; tiveram diagnóstico não confirmado 73 (2,7% pacientes, com mortalidade de 1,36% deles. A mortalidade global foi de 5,53%. O modelo de regressão logística múltipla identificou o gênero feminino (OR=1,45, o diabetes melito (OR=1,59, o índice de massa corporal (OR=1,27 e a intervenção coronariana percutânea (OR=0,70 como fatores de risco de óbito, para demografia e intervenções. Um modelo para óbito por complicações maiores identificou choque cardiogênico/Edema Agudo de Pulmão (OR=4,57, reinfarto (OR=3,48, acidente vascular cerebral (OR=21,56, sangramento grave (OR=3,33, parada cardiorrespiratória (OR=40,27 e classe funcional de Killip (OR=3,37. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados do Registro Brasileiro de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda não diferem de outros coletados fora do país. Seus achados poder

Use of tacrolimus in rescue therapy of acute and chronic rejection in liver transplantation Uso de tacrolimus na terapia de resgate de rejeições agudas e crônicas no transplante de fígado

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Fabricio Ferreira Coelho

2003-01-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To study the indications and results of tacrolimus as rescue therapy for acute cellular or chronic rejection in liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen liver transplant recipients who underwent rescue therapy with tacrolimus between March 1995 and August 1999 were retrospectively studied. The treatment indication, patients, and graft situation were recorded as of October 31st, 1999. The response to tacrolimus was defined as patient survival with a functional graft and histological reversal of acute cellular, or for chronic rejection, bilirubin serum levels decreasing to up to twice the upper normal limit. RESULTS: Fourteen cases (77.8% presented a good response. The response rate for the different indications was: (1 acute cellular + sepsis - 0/1 case; (2 recurrent acute cellular - 1/1 case; (3 OKT3-resistant acute cellular - 2/2 cases; (4 steroid-resistant acute cellular + active viral infection - 3/3 cases; (5 chronic rejection - 8/11 cases (72.7% response rate. The 4 patients who did not respond died. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus rescue therapy was successful in most cases of acute cellular and chronic rejection in liver transplantation.OBJETIVO: Estudar os critérios de indicação e o resultado do uso de tacrolimus na terapia de resgate de rejeições agudas ou crônicas no transplante de fígado. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Foram estudados 18 pacientes transplantados de fígado, submetidos a terapia de resgate com tacrolimus entre março de 1995 e agosto de 1999. Foram registradas a indicação do tratamento e a situação de pacientes e enxertos em 31/10/1999. Considerou-se "respondendores" pacientes vivos, com enxerto funcionante e regressão histológica da terapia de resgate de rejeições agudas, ou com bilirrubina até 2 vezes o valor normal, no caso de terapia de resgate de rejeições crônicas. RESULTADO: Observou-se resposta em 14 casos (77,8%. A taxa de resposta nas diferentes indicações foi: (1 terapia de resgate

Vinylcyclopropylacyl and polyeneacyl radicals. Intramolecular ketene alkyl radical additions in ring synthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

De Boeck, Benoit; Herbert, Nicola M A; Harrington-Frost, Nicole M; Pattenden, Gerald

2005-01-21

Treatment of a variety of substituted vinylcyclopropyl selenyl esters, e.g. 11, with Bu(3)SnH-AIBN in refluxing benzene leads to the corresponding acyl radical intermediates, which undergo rearrangement and intramolecular cyclisations via their ketene alkyl radical equivalents producing cyclohexenones in 50-60% yield. By contrast, treatment of conjugated triene selenyl esters, e.g. 32, with Bu(3)SnH-AIBN produces substituted 2-cyclopentenones via intramolecular cyclisations of their ketene alkyl radical intermediates. Under the same radical-initiating conditions the selenyl esters derived from o-vinylbenzoic acid and o-vinylcinnamic acid undergo intramolecular cyclisations producing 1-indanone and 5,6-dihydrobenzocyclohepten-7-one respectively in 60-70% yields. A tandem radical cyclisation from the alpha,beta,gamma,delta-diene selenyl ester 31 provides an expeditious synthesis of the diquinane 35 in 69% yield.

Relação entre polimorfismos de IL-8 e a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda

OpenAIRE

Leitão, Lidiane Alves de Azeredo

2013-01-01

Introdução : Até os 2 anos de idade, praticamente, todos os lactentes apresentam infecção por vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR). Entretanto, a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) pode variar significativamente. Essa grande variação pode ser causada por fatores genéticos e imunológicos. Estudos prévios indicam que vias aéreas infectadas por VSR contêm níveis elevados de interleucina-8 (IL-8). O conhecimento de polimorfismos genéticos associados à BVA grave pode ter grande relevância c...

Forma atípica de tireoidite supurativa aguda em paciente pediátrico: relato de caso

OpenAIRE

Torres, Maria Rosineide dos S.; Medeiros, Carla C. M.; Nóbrega Neto, Sebastião Horácio; Souza, Lincoln S.; Rodrigues, Mônica L. C.; Silva, Maria Nelice M.; Maior, Lyzandra de H. C. S.; Avelino, Márcia C.; Mourão, Germana T. F.

2008-01-01

A tireoidite aguda é uma doença rara. Na infância associa-se principalmente a anormalidades congênitas com acometimento do lobo esquerdo. Na ausência de tireoidopatia preexistente, a função tireoidiana geralmente está normal. Relatamos um caso de uma menina, 6 anos de idade, com tumoração associada a sinais flogísticos na região cervical anterior há 15 dias acompanhada de leucocitose com desvio à esquerda, VSH e TSH elevados. Não havia história prévia de tireoidopatia. A ultra-sonografia da r...

Serum Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity as Quantified with Iron-Free Hydroxyl Radical Source

Science.gov (United States)

Endo, Nobuyuki; Oowada, Shigeru; Sueishi, Yoshimi; Shimmei, Masashi; Makino, Keisuke; Fujii, Hirotada; Kotake, Yashige

2009-01-01

We have developed a simple ESR spin trapping based method for hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging-capacity determination, using iron-free OH radical source. Instead of the widely used Fenton reaction, a short (typically 5 seconds) in situ UV-photolysis of a dilute hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution was employed to generate reproducible amounts of OH radicals. ESR spin trapping was applied to quantify OH radicals; the decrease in the OH radical level due to the specimen’s scavenging activity was converted into the OH radical scavenging capacity (rate). The validity of the method was confirmed in pure antioxidants, and the agreement with the previous data was satisfactory. In the second half of this work, the new method was applied to the sera of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. We show for the first time that after hemodialysis, OH radical scavenging capacity of the CRF serum was restored to the level of healthy control. This method is simple and rapid, and the low concentration hydrogen peroxide is the only chemical added to the system, that could eliminate the complexity of iron-involved Fenton reactions or the use of the pulse-radiolysis system. PMID:19794928

Nuevo enfoque de la interpretación del dolor en una pulpitis aguda

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Andrés O Pérez Ruiz

2000-04-01

Full Text Available El dolor es probablemente el principal motivo de consulta en las urgencias estomatológicas y es precisamente el dolor de la pulpitis aguda el que comentamos en este trabajo. El dolor pulpar en sí mismo es similar al dolor que resulta por inflamación de los órganos viscerales y, por lo tanto, podrían ser inadecuados los intentos de explicarlos por comparación con los nociceptores de estructuras somáticas. Se propone analizar el comportamiento del dolor como consecuencia de una pulpitis aguda, con un nuevo enfoque, asimilándolo como el dolor proveniente de estructuras viscerales con manifestaciones dolorosas alejadas del sitio o zona dañada y en el propio diente en que el tejido ha sido injuriado y evoluciona rápidamente hacia la necrosis. Establecemos una analogía entre el dolor visceral como el generado de la pulpa y el del tipo somático profundo como el correspondiente a la afectación periapical por rápida evolución de la inflamación hacia la necrosis.Pain is probably the chief complaint in dental emergencies and this paper deals precisely with the pain caused by acute pulpitis. The pulpar pain itself is similar to the one resulting from inflammation of the visceral organs and, therefore, the attempts to explain these pains by comparing them with the nociceptors of somatic structures may be inappropiate. It is our objective to analyze the behaviour of pain caused by acute pulpitis with a new approach, assimilating it as the pain from visceral structures with painful manifestations far from the damaged site or zone and it is the own tooth whose tissue has been affected and evolves rapidly to necrosis.We establish an analogy between the visceral pain as the one generated by the pulpa and that of deep somatic type as the corresponding to the periapical affection by the fast evolution of inflammation to necrosis.

Micronutrientes: una opción en el tratamiento de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas

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Carlos Coronel Carbajal

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo a 126 pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Diarreas Agudas del Hospital General Docente "Armando Enrique Cardoso", en el período comprendido entre junio de 1998 y enero de 1999. A 71 pacientes se les ofrecieron microelementos (vitamina A, sulfato de zinc y fumarato ferroso con el objetivo de conocer los beneficios de los microelementos en la enfermedad diarreica aguda. Al concluir el estudio se pudo comprobar que el grupo de pacientes suplementados tuvo una estadía más corta y la duración del episodio fue menor. Además se halló que en estos pacientes el número de deposiciones es menor, así como la afectación nutricional. También se comprobó cómo la recuperación nutricional es mucho más rápida, así como la recuperación del apetito. Se pudo mostrar cómo la consistencia de las deposiciones al tercer día de tratamiento, en el grupo que recibió micronutrientes, mejoró.A longitudinal and prospective study was conducted among 126 patients that were admitted in the Service of Acute Diarrheas of "Armando Enrique Cardoso" General Teaching Hospital between June, 1998, and January, 1999. 71 patients were administered microelements (vitamin A, zinc sulfate and ferrous fumarate in order to know their benefits in the acute diarrheal disease. On concluding the study, it was proved that the length of stay and the episode were shorter in the group of supplemented patients. It was also observed that the number of defecations as well as the nutritional affectation were lower in these patients and that the nutritional recovery and the recuperation of appetite were faster. The consistency of the defecations improved on the third day of treatment in the group that received micronutrients.

Radical transfer between proteins: role of tyrosine, tryptophan and protein peroxyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irwin, J.A.; Ostdal, H.; Davies, M.J.

1998-01-01

Reaction of the Fe(III) forms of the heme proteins myoglobin (Mb) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with H 2 O 2 gives rise to high-oxidation-state heme-derived species which can be described as a Fe(IV)-oxo porphyrin radical-cation ('Compound 1'). In the case of Mb, the Fe(IV)-oxo porphyrin radical-cation undergoes rapid electron transfer with the surrounding protein to give protein (globin)-derived radicals and an Fe(lV)-oxo species ('Compound 2'). The globin-derived radicals have been shown to be located at two (or more) sites: Tyr-103 or Trp-14, with the latter radical known to react with oxygen to give a Trp-derived peroxyl radical (Mb-Trp-OO*). With HRP, the Fe(lV)-oxo porphyrin radical-cation carries out two successive one-electron oxidation reactions at the exposed heme edge to give firstly 'Compound 2' [the Fe(lV)oxo species] and then the resting Fe(III) state of the enzyme. n this study we have investigated whether the Trp-14 peroxyl radical from Mb and the Compound 1 and 2 species from HRP (in the absence and presence of free Tyr) can oxidise amino acids, peptides and proteins. Such reactions constitute intermolecular protein-to-protein radical transfer reactions and hence protein chain-oxidation. We have also examined whether these oxidants react with antioxidants. Reaction of these heme-protein derived oxidants with amino acids, proteins and antioxidants has been carried out at room temperature for defined periods of time before freeze-quenching to 77K to halt reaction. The radical species present in the reaction system at the time of freezing were subsequently examined by EPR spectroscopy at 77K. Three free amino acids, Tyr, Trp and Cys (with Cys the least efficient) have been shown to react rapidly with Mb-Trp-OO*, as evidenced by the loss of the characteristic EPR features of Mb-Trp-OO* on inclusion of increasing concentrations of the amino acids. All other amino acids are much less reactive. Evidence has also been obtained for (inefficient) hydrogen

Homegrown religious radicalization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Khawaja, Iram

It has been reported that a growing number of youngsters from Western Europe are engaging in conflicts motivated by religious and political conflicts in the Middle East. This paper explores the reasons behind this seemingly religious radicalization from the point of view of the youngsters...... youngsters and parents of youngsters who have chosen a radicalized path in life. The paper will shed light on how the sense of and yearning for belonging and recognition have to be taken into account in our understanding of homegrown religious radicalization...

Colesterol y triglicéridos como marcadores bioquímicos del estado de la enfermedad del paciente con leucemia linfocítica aguda

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Marco Guzmán

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la relación de los niveles séricos de colesterol y triglicéridos con el estado de respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico de inducción de pacientes con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Material y Métodos: La muestra la conforman 25 pacientes de 2 a 18 años de edad, admitidos al Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas con un diagnóstico reciente de leucemia linfocítica aguda; determinándose en ellos sus concentraciones séricas de colesterol total, colesterol-HDL, colesterol-LDL y triglicéridos, antes y después de la primera fase de la quimioterapia de inducción. Resultados: Solamente 23 pacientes respondieron al tratamiento y en ellos observamos un incremento de 19,24 ± 4,49 mg/dL a 46,84 ± 15,38 mg/dL para el colesterol-HDL; y un descenso de 153,66 ± 36,39 mg/dL a 79,79 ± 34,53 mg/dL para los triglicéridos (p<0,0001. Por el contrario, en los pacientes que no respondieron al tratamiento, se obtuvo un incremento de 14,64 ± 2,46 mg/dL a 23,13 ± 14,23 mg/dL para el colesterol-HDL y un incremento de 121,88 ± 0,56 mg/dL a 161,01 ± 75,25 mg/dL para los triglicéridos. Conclusión: Las concentraciones séricas de colesterol y triglicéridos se relacionan con el estado de la enfermedad del paciente con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Proponemos a estos metabolitos, como marcadores bioquímicos en el seguimiento clínico de esta enfermedad.

Toxicidade aguda do extrato aquoso de folhas de Erythrina velutina em animais experimentais

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Ariadne Conceição Santos Craveiro

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato aquoso de folhas de Erythrina velutina, espécie vegetal muito usada na medicina popular principalmente como tranqüilizante. O protocolo experimental utilizado seguiu o Guia para a Realização de Estudos de Toxicidade Pré-clínica de Fitoterápicos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa, 2004. Ratos Wistar adultos foram tratados por via oral com a dose limite de 5 g/kg do extrato e observados por 14 dias consecutivos. Nenhum animal veio a óbito e nenhum sinal de toxicidade foi detectado nas observações comportamentais ou nas autópsias, indicando uma razoável atoxicidade do extrato.

Doença hepática aguda e edema palpebral persistente associados à mononucleose infecciosa

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Mônica Ayres de A. Scattolin

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar e discutir o caso clínico de um paciente portador de mononucleose infecciosa, tendo como manifestação inicial edema palpebral seguido de hepatopatia aguda e icterícia. Descrição - J.F.G.F., masculino, cinco anos, com histórico de sete dias de edema bipalpebral, conjuntivas hiperemiadas, cansaço, anorexia, febre moderada, vômitos e dor abdominal em hipocôndrio direito. Há um dia passou a apresentar icterícia, urina escura, exantema urticariforme, febre de 39,5ºC e diarréia, tendo sido internado para rehidratação e investigação diagnóstica. Ao exame físico de entrada, apresentava-se abatido, estado geral comprometido, FC: 96, FR: 30, febril, PA: 110x 60 mmHg, descorado +/4+, desidratado de 2º grau, eupnéico e ictérico ++, infartamento ganglionar assimétrico generalizado, mais acentuado em região cervical posterior. Sem alterações ao exame cardíaco e pulmonar. Abdômen distendido, doloroso à palpação, fígado a 4 cm e baço a 2,5 cm. A avaliação laboratorial revelou Hb: 10,1 g/dL, leucocitose moderada com acentuada linfocitose e atipia linfocitária evidente, ALT: 179 U/L, AST: 232 U/L, LDH: 2.103 U/L e bilirrubinas: total 6,7 mg/Dl (direta 4,9 mg/dL, urina tipo I com bilirrubinas ++ e ultra-som de abdômen com hepatoesplenomegalia inespecífica. As sorologias para toxoplasmose citomegalovírus, hepatite foram negativas e para o vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV reagente: IgG: 108 UA/mL, e IgM 28 UA/mL. Após hidratação parenteral e antitérmico, o paciente evoluiu com a melhora dos parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Discussão - Estima-se, atualmente, que 50% das crianças menores de cinco anos já apresentaram infecção pelo EBV. Vários agentes causam lesão hepática aguda. Entre os vírus ressalta-se os das hepatites, entretanto, pode ocorrer hepatopatia aguda por outras causas virais, entre elas, mononucleose e citomegalia. Sabe-se que a hepatomegalia ocorre em 10% a 20

Lesão renal aguda em crianças: incidência e fatores prognósticos em pacientes gravemente enfermos Acute kidney injury in children: incidence and prognostic factors in critical ill patients

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Kenia Machado Souza Freire

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Lesão renal aguda caracteriza-se pela redução súbita e, em geral, reversível da função renal com perda da capacidade de manutenção da homeostase do organismo. Em pediatria, as principais causas de lesão renal aguda são sepse, uso de drogas nefrotóxicas e isquemia renal nos pacientes criticamente enfermos. Nesses pacientes, a incidência de lesão renal aguda varia de 20 a 30%, resultando em aumento da taxa de morbi-mortalidade de 40 a 90%. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a incidência de lesão renal aguda nos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, classificar a gravidade da lesão renal aguda de acordo com o Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage (pRIFLE, analisar a relação entre lesão renal aguda e a gravidade através do Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM e estudar os fatores prognósticos associados. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo entre julho de 2008 a janeiro de 2009 dos pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica do Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão - Florianópolis (SC - Brasil. Todos os pacientes foram analisados diariamente através do débito urinário e creatinina sérica e classificados de acordo com pRIFLE. RESULTADOS: No período de acompanhamento foram internadas 235 crianças. A incidência de lesão renal aguda foi de 30,6%, sendo que o pRIFLE máximo durante a internação foi de 12,1% para R, 12,1% para I e 6,4% para F. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 12,3%. Os pacientes que evoluíram com lesão renal aguda apresentaram risco dez vezes maior de óbito em relação aos não expostos. CONCLUSÃO: Lesão renal aguda é uma entidade comum nos pacientes críticos. O diagnóstico precoce a e instituição imediata de medidas terapêuticas adequadas a cada situação clínica podem alterar o curso e a gravidade do envolvimento renal reduzindo a morbi-mortalidade do paciente.OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury is characterized by sudden and generally

Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Rendón, Gabriel J; Ramirez, Pedro T; Frumovitz, Michael; Schmeler, Kathleen M; Pareja, Rene

2012-01-01

The standard treatment for patients with early-stage cervical cancer has been radical hysterectomy. However, for women interested in future fertility, radical trachelectomy is now considered a safe and feasible option. The use of minimally invasive surgical techniques to perform this procedure has recently been reported. We report the first case of a laparoscopic radical trachelectomy performed in a developing country. The patient is a nulligravid, 30-y-old female with stage IB1 adenocarcinoma of the cervix who desired future fertility. She underwent a laparoscopic radical trachelectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The operative time was 340 min, and the estimated blood loss was 100mL. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The final pathology showed no evidence of residual disease, and all pelvic lymph nodes were negative. At 20 mo of follow-up, the patient is having regular menses but has not yet attempted to become pregnant. There is no evidence of recurrence. Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy in a young woman who desires future fertility may also be an alternative technique in the treatment of early cervical cancer in developing countries.

Radical Evil

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Carlos Manrique

2007-12-01

Full Text Available There is an aporia in Kant’s analysis of evil: he defines radical evilas an invisible disposition of the will, but he also demands an inferential connection between visible evil actions and this invisible disposition. This inference,however, undermines the radical invisibility of radical evil according to Kant’s own definition of the latter. Noting how this invisibility of moral worth is a distinctive feature of Kant’s approach to the moral problem, the paper then asks why, in the Groundwork, he nonetheless forecloses a question about evil that seems to be consistent with this approach. It is argued that to account for this aporia and this foreclosure, one has to interrogate the way in which the category of religion orients Kant’s incipient philosophy of history in Die Religion.

Radical constructivism: Between realism and solipsism

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Delgado, Alberto

2002-11-01

This paper criticizes radical constructivism of the Glasersfeld type, pointing out some contradictions between the declared radical principles and their theoretical and practical development. These contradictions manifest themselves in a frequent oscillation between solipsism and realism, despite constructivist claims to be an anti-realist theory. The paper also points out the contradiction between the relativism of the radical constructivist principles and the constructivist exclusion of other epistemological or educational paradigms. It also disputes the originality and importance of the radical constructivist paradigm, suggesting the idea of an isomorphism between radical constructivist theory and contemplative realism. In addition, some pedagogical and scientific methodological aspects of the radical constructivist model are examined. Although radical constructivism claims to be a rational theory and advocates deductive thinking, it is argued that there is no logical deductive connection between the radical principles of constructivism and the radical constructivist ideas about scientific research and learning. The paper suggests the possibility of an ideological substratum in the construction and hegemonic success of subjective constructivism and, finally, briefly advances an alternative realist model to epistemological and educational radical constructivism.

Abordando las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en niños con un Enfoque Ecológico en la Comunidad

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Francisco Lamus-Lemus

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Disminuir los episodios de enfermedad respiratoria aguda (ERA en las familias, mediante un enfoque modificado del modelo ecológico de Morelatto para identificar y tra-bajar colectivamente determinantes que influyen en la salud respiratoria de niños y niñas.Materiales y Métodos: Durante el proceso se realizaron actividades encaminadas a pre-venir las principales causas de ERA basadas en el modelo transteórico del comportamiento con el fin de generar cambios conductuales en las familias. Para ello se creó una escala de valoración del riesgo de ERA como instrumento de medición de la efectividad de las activi-dades realizadas, otorgándole a cada familia un puntaje antes y después de la intervención para determinar si hubo disminución del mismo. Resultados: Las actividades realizadas conducen a cambios evidenciados en las prácticas cotidianos de las madres y sus familias, reflejadas en la escala de valoración de riesgos a partir de la disminución de conductas que favorecen la enfermedad respiratoria aguda y sus complicaciones en la primera infancia afiliada a la FA R -Génesis.Conclusiones: Una menor exposición a eventos y complicaciones de la ERA en miembros de grupos familiares de la FA R -Génesis puede contribuir a mejorar la resiliencia y dismi-nuir la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica de las familias afectadas regularmente por la ERAsus complicaciones.

Colecistitis aguda calculosa y síndrome de disfunción múltiple de órganos

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Jorge Reyes Cardero

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Se hizo un estudio de 12 fallecidos, cuya causa principal de muerte fue la peritonitits aguda, que evolucionó hacia el síndrome de disfunción múltiple de órganos. Entre ellos predominó el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada y la presencia de alguna enfermedad asociada o de base. Afectados por una colecistopatía litiásica de más de 1 año de evolución, se demoraron en asistir al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Saturnino Lora", de Santiago de Cuba, cuando sufrieron los síntomas de colecistitis aguda, de modo que fueron operados en las primeras 24 horas del diagnóstico o después de ese tiempo, pero ya las complicaciones habían condicionado una evolución desfavorable. En algunos casos se hizo necesario reintervenir en más de una ocasiónA study was carried out in 40 deceased patients who died because of an acute peritonitis resulting in a syndrome of multiple organ failure. Most patients were female aged subjects who presented with an associated or baseline disease. Patients were affected by a cholelithiasis with more than I year of evolution and came late to the Emergency Department of "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Teaching hospital when they began to suffer the symptoms of acute cholecystitis, so they were operated on within the first 24 hours of the diagnosis or afterwards, but at that moment complications had led to a nonfavourable evolution. In certain cases it was necessary to reoperate more than once

Pancreatitis aguda secundaria a hipertrigliceridemia: presentación de dos casos clínicos Acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia: A report of two cases

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S. J. Jiménez Forero

2008-06-01

Full Text Available La pancreatitis aguda es un proceso inflamatorio reversible. La hipertrigliceridemia como etiología de la pancreatitis aguda varía entre un 1,3 y un 11%, de acuerdo a la literatura, cuando los niveles de triglicéridos alcanzan valores por encima de 1.000 mg/dl; sin embargo, la hipertrigliceridemia se observa en un 12 a un 39% de las pancreatitis agudas como factor asociado. El objetivo del tratamiento médico es aumentar la actividad de la lipoproteinlipasa y aumentar la degradación de los quilomicrones; disminuyendo así los valores plasmáticos de triglicéridos a niveles menores de 500 mg/dl, incluso a menos de 200 mg/dl si es posible con diferentes estrategias, entre ellas la insulina. En el presente artículo, presentamos dos casos clínicos de pancreatitis severas inducidas por hipertrigliceridemia, manejadas con terapia de infusión de insulina con adecuada respuesta clínica y paraclínica con disminución significativa de los niveles de triglicéridos, 48 horas postratamiento.Acute pancreatitis is a reversible inflammatory process. Hypertriglyceridemia as a cause of acute pancreatitis reaches frequencies of 1.3-11% according to the literature when triglyceride levels reach values over 1,000 mg/dl; nevertheless hypertriglyceridemia is observed in 12-39% of acute pancreatitis cases as an associated factor. The objective of medical treatment is to increase lipoprotein-lipase activity, and to increase chylomicron breakdown thus diminishing serum triglycerides to levels smaller than 500 or even 200 mg/dl (when possible using a variety of strategies including insulin administration. In the present article, we report two cases of severe pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia that were managed with insulin infusion; both responded adequately, as measured by a significant reduction of triglyceride levels at 48 hours post-treatment.

OTITIS MEDIA AGUDA. DIAGNÓSTICO Y MANEJO PRÁCTICO

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Dr. Francisco J. Krause

2016-11-01

Full Text Available La otitis media aguda es una patología infecciosa del oído medio muy frecuente. El diagnóstico es clínico, por lo que es fundamental un acucioso examen físico y una neumootoscopía para evaluar la movilidad timpánica. Hay dos tendencias respecto al manejo, tratamiento antibiótico inmediato u observación estricta (dependiendo de las características del paciente y del cuadro clínico. Los gérmenes más frecuentes son los virus, Neumococo, Haemophilus influenza y Moraxella catarrhalis. La prevalencia de cada uno de ellos varía según región geográfica y según la presencia de vacunación. La resistencia a antibióticos ha ido en aumento en estos años, pero aún puede considerarse sensible a amoxicilina por lo que se recomienda su uso como primera línea. En el caso de fracaso a tratamiento pueden utilizarse asociaciones con B-lactámicos y/o cefalosporinas, dejando en forma excepcional clindamicina o quinolonas. Aquellos niños con OMA recurrente requerirán evaluación por especialidad para mayor estudio y tratamiento.

Salvage robotic radical prostatectomy

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Samuel D Kaffenberger

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Failure of non-surgical primary treatment for localized prostate cancer is a common occurrence, with rates of disease recurrence ranging from 20% to 60%. In a large proportion of patients, disease recurrence is clinically localized and therefore potentially curable. Unfortunately, due to the complex and potentially morbid nature of salvage treatment, radical salvage surgery is uncommonly performed. In an attempt to decrease the morbidity of salvage therapy without sacrificing oncologic efficacy, a number of experienced centers have utilized robotic assistance to perform minimally invasive salvage radical prostatectomy. Herein, we critically evaluate the existing literature on salvage robotic radical prostatectomy with a focus on patient selection, perioperative complications and functional and early oncologic outcomes. These results are compared with contemporary and historical open salvage radical prostatectomy series and supplemented with insights we have gained from our experience with salvage robotic radical prostatectomy. The body of evidence by which conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of robotic salvage radical prostatectomy can be drawn comprises fewer than 200 patients with limited follow-up. Preliminary results are promising and some outcomes have been favorable when compared with contemporary open salvage prostatectomy series. Advantages of the robotic platform in the performance of salvage radical prostatectomy include decreased blood loss, short length of stay and improved visualization. Greater experience is required to confirm the long-term oncologic efficacy and functional outcomes as well as the generalizability of results achieved at experienced centers.

Insuficiência aórtica aguda por avulsão de comissura valvar aórtica

OpenAIRE

Cunha,Claudio Ribeiro da; Santos,Paulo César; Atik,Fernando Antibas; Conti,Daniel Oliveira de

2012-01-01

Paciente do sexo masculino, de 66 anos, previamente hipertenso, com história de ortopneia, palpitações e dor precordial de início súbito, que teve o diagnóstico de avulsão espontânea de uma comissura valvar aórtica e consequente insuficiência aórtica aguda, evoluindo com insuficiência cardíaca esquerda refratária ao tratamento clínico. O paciente foi submetido precocemente à substituição cirúrgica da valva aórtica por uma bioprótese, e apresentou evolução pós-operatória satisfatória. Atualmen...

Muoniated acyl and thioacyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McKenzie, Iain; Brodovitch, Jean-Claude; Ghandi, Khashayar; Percival, Paul W.

2006-01-01

The product of the reaction of muonium with tert-butylisocyanate was previously assigned as the muoniated tert-butylaminyl radical (I. McKenzie, J.-C. Brodovitch, K. Ghandi, S. Kecman, P. W. Percival, Physica B 326 (2003) 76). This assignment is incorrect since the muon and 14 N hyperfine-coupling constants (hfcc) of this radical would have the opposite sign, which is in conflict with the experimental results. The radical is now reassigned as the muoniated N-tert-butylcarbamoyl radical, based on the similarities between the experimental muon and 14 N hfcc and hfcc calculated at the UB3LYP/6-311G(d,p)//UB3LYP/EPR-III level. The large zero-point energy in the N-Mu bond results in the dissociation barrier of the muoniated N-tert-butylcarbamoyl radical being above the combined energy of the reactants, in contrast to the N-tert-butylcarbamoyl radical where the dissociation barrier lies below the combined energy of the reactants. The reaction of muonium with tert-butylisothiocyanate produced both conformers of the muoniated N-tert-butylthiocarbamoyl radical and their assignment was based on the similarities between the experimental and calculated muon hfcc. These are the first acyl and thioacyl radicals to be directly detected by muon spin spectroscopy

Muoniated acyl and thioacyl radicals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKenzie, Iain [TRIUMF and Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C., V5A 1S6 (Canada); Brodovitch, Jean-Claude [TRIUMF and Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C., V5A 1S6 (Canada); Ghandi, Khashayar [TRIUMF and Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C., V5A 1S6 (Canada); Percival, Paul W. [TRIUMF and Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C., V5A 1S6 (Canada)]. E-mail: percival@sfu.ca

2006-03-31

The product of the reaction of muonium with tert-butylisocyanate was previously assigned as the muoniated tert-butylaminyl radical (I. McKenzie, J.-C. Brodovitch, K. Ghandi, S. Kecman, P. W. Percival, Physica B 326 (2003) 76). This assignment is incorrect since the muon and {sup 14}N hyperfine-coupling constants (hfcc) of this radical would have the opposite sign, which is in conflict with the experimental results. The radical is now reassigned as the muoniated N-tert-butylcarbamoyl radical, based on the similarities between the experimental muon and {sup 14}N hfcc and hfcc calculated at the UB3LYP/6-311G(d,p)//UB3LYP/EPR-III level. The large zero-point energy in the N-Mu bond results in the dissociation barrier of the muoniated N-tert-butylcarbamoyl radical being above the combined energy of the reactants, in contrast to the N-tert-butylcarbamoyl radical where the dissociation barrier lies below the combined energy of the reactants. The reaction of muonium with tert-butylisothiocyanate produced both conformers of the muoniated N-tert-butylthiocarbamoyl radical and their assignment was based on the similarities between the experimental and calculated muon hfcc. These are the first acyl and thioacyl radicals to be directly detected by muon spin spectroscopy.

Consenso intersociedades para el manejo de infecciones respiratorias: bronquitis aguda y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

OpenAIRE

Gustavo Lopardo; Claudia Pensotti; Pablo Scapellato; Oscar Caberlotto; Aníbal Calmaggi; Liliana Clara; Manuel Klein; Gabriel Levy Hara; María J. López Furst; Analía Mykietiuk; Daniel Pryluka; Maria J. Rial; Claudia Vujacich; Diego Yahni

2013-01-01

La Sociedad Argentina de Infectología convocó a otras sociedades científicas para elaborar una guía práctica y actualizada para el manejo del tratamiento antibiótico de las bronquitis agudas (BA) y los episodios de reagudización de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), con el objetivo de promover el uso racional de los recursos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. La BA se caracteriza por la inflamación del árbol bronquial que afecta tanto a adultos como a niños sin enfermedades pulmonares ...

Efecto del ejercicio físico basado en el juego en la leucemia linfocítica aguda

OpenAIRE

González García, Laura Ximena; Escobar Zabala, Paola Andrea

2012-01-01

Objetivo: Establecer el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico (EF) basado en el juego sobre el Síndrome de Desacondicionamiento Físico (SDF) de niños con Leucemia Linfocítica Aguda (LLA) entre 5-12 años. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental con la participación de siete niños tratados por LLA en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC). Se hizo una evaluación inicial de los determinantes de la condición física (capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular, flexibil...

Muonium and muonic radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burkhard, P.; Fischer, H.; Roduner, E.; Strub, W.; Geeson, D.; Symons, M.C.R.

1985-01-01

An energetic positive muon which is injected in a liquid sample of substrate molecules (S) creates an ionization track consisting of substrate cations (S + ) and electrons. Near the end of this track the muon may combine with an electron to form muonium (Mu) which is observable in inert liquids, but which reacts by addition to form a radical. Alternatively, the electron can add to S to form S - , which then combines with the muon to form the radical. Furthermore, instead of ending up in Mu or in a radical the muon may stay in a diamagnetic environment as a solvated muon, or as a muon substituting a proton in a molecule. Of interest in these schemes are the mechanisms and rates of formation of muonated radicals and in particular the rate constants for their reactions to products. Investigations are based on the observation of Mu and the radical by means of the μSR technique in transverse magnetic fields. (Auth.)

Etnografía de la infección respiratoria aguda en una zona rural del altiplano mexicano

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MARTÍNEZ HOMERO

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar los términos utilizados por las madres para referirse a enfermedades, signos y síntomas relacionados con infecciones respiratorias agudas, así como los signos de alarma que las motivan a buscar atención médica; asimismo, describir prácticas comunes de manejo de la enfermedad en el hogar. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio etnográfico en seis comunidades rurales del altiplano mexicano. Se entrevistó a 12 informantes clave, a seis madres de niños fallecidos por infección respiratoria aguda, y a 24 madres de niños menores de cinco años, con diversas técnicas etnográficas para complementar la información obtenida ("triangulación". Resultados. Las enfermedades comúnmente identificadas incluyeron gripa, anginas, tos, bronquitis, pulmonía, neumonía y "broncomonía". Los síntomas clave para el diagnóstico fueron escurrimiento de moco nasal, dolor de garganta, tos, dolor de cabeza o de cuerpo, calentura, "hervor" de pecho, y referencias a que el niño "está molesto o llorón", se pone morado o le hace falta el aire. La taquipnea fue referida como "respira fuerte", "respira mucho", "respira rápido" y "tiene sesido"; el tiraje, "se le hunde el pecho"; el estridor, como "quejido o ronquido de pecho"; la sibilancia, como "ronquido de pecho", y para la cianosis; "se pone morado". Entre los tratamientos ofrecidos en el hogar destacan el uso de tés, aplicación de limón, jitomate, tomate o papa en la garganta, y aplicación de sebo o pomada en pecho y espalda. No fue común la autoprescripción de antibióticos pero sí la de antipiréticos. La mayoría de las madres reconoció enfermedades leves y, en menor proporción, graves. Ante un caso grave de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, la opción más frecuentemente elegida fue acudir a la clínica del proyecto; en segundo lugar al médico particular en la cabecera municipal, y al hospital de la Secretaría de Salud en la Jurisdicción. La cercanía y el

Inmunofenotipaje y supervivencia global de pacientes pediátricos con leucemias agudas Immunophenotyping and global survival of pediatric patients with acute leukemia

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Vianed Marsán Suárez

2002-04-01

Full Text Available El inmunofenotipaje celular (IFC permite identificar la línea específica de origen de las células leucémicas y su nivel de maduración. Se determinó la frecuencia de los distintos subtipos inmunológicos de leucemias agudas (LA y su posible relación con la supervivencia global de los pacientes. Se estudiaron 117 niños con LA entre 1983 y 1999. El IFC se realizó mediante el ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico y el de fosfatasa alcalina-antifosfatasa alcalina. Del total de LA, 77(65,8 % fueron linfoides agudas (LLA, 26 (22,2 % mieloides agudas, 9 (8 % LA indiferenciadas y 5 (4 % se clasificaron como LA híbridas. Del total de LLA, 59 (76,6 % fueron de fenotipo B y 18 (23,4 % de fenotipo T. Se observó una mayor sobrevida en los pacientes de linaje B en relación con los de linaje T y mieloide, con una diferencia muy significativa (p Cell immunophenotyping (CIP identifies the specific line of origin of leukemic cells and their maturing level. The frequency of the various immunological subtypes of acute leukemias (AL and their possible relationship with global survival rate of patients were determined. One hundred and seventeen children with AL were studied from 1983 to 1999. The CIP was conducted through the immunocytochemical ultramicromethod and the alkaline phosphatase - anti-alkaline phosphatase method. Seventy seven (65,8% of all AL were acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL, 26(22,2% acute myeloid (AML, 9 (8% undifferentiated AL, and 5 (4% were hybrid AL. Fifty-nine (76,6% ALL belonged to phenotype B and 18 (23,4% to phenotype T. A higher survival rate was observed in phenotype B ALL patients than in phenotype T ALL and myeloid anemia patients, with a very significant difference (p< 0,001. Survival was also analyzed among the various types of phenotype B acute leukemias; a lower survival rate was observed in patients with more immature phenotypes

Leghemoglobin-derived radicals. Evidence for multiple protein-derived radicals and the initiation of peribacteroid membrane damage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Moreau, S; Davies, Michael Jonathan; Mathieu, C

1996-01-01

, with the consequent generation of lipid-derived radicals. The formation of such radicals may result in the depletion of membrane antioxidants and the initiation of lipid peroxidation. This transfer of damage from the heme center via the protein surface to neighboring membranes may be of considerable biological......-derived phenoxyl radical present at Tyr-133 in the soybean protein and Tyr-138 in the lupin protein. To obtain further information on these protein radicals and their potential interaction with the physiologically important peribacteroid membrane (which surrounds the microsymbiont in vivo), EPR spin trapping......); these radicals may be side chain- or alpha-carbon-derived, their exact sites have not been determined. Some of these radicals are on the protein surface and may be key intermediates in the formation of protein dimers. These radicals have been shown to be capable of reacting with peribacteroid membrane fractions...

Studies of radiation-produced radicals and radical ions. Progress report, June 1, 1981-August 31, 1982

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, T.F.

1982-01-01

The discovery and characterization of novel radical ions produced by the γ irradiation of solids continues to be a fertile field for investigation. This Progress Report describes the generation and ESR identification of several new paramagnetic species, some of which have long been sought as important intermediates in radiation chemistry. We have also contributed to a general theoretical problem in ESR spectroscopy. Solid-state studies of electron attachment reactions, both non-dissociative and dissociative, reveal interesting structural and chemical information about the molecular nature of these processes for simple compounds. In particular, ESR measurements of the spin distribution in the products allow a fairly sharp distinction to be drawn between radical anions and radical-anion pairs or adducts. Dimer radical anion formation can also take place but the crystal structure plays a role in this process, as expected. Some radical anions undergo photolysis to give radical-anion pairs which may then revert back to the original radical anion by a thermal reaction. The chemistry of these reversible processes is made more intricate by a competing reaction in which the radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from a neighboring molecule. However, the unraveling of this complication has also served to extend our knowledge of the role of quantum tunneling in chemical reactions. The results of this investigation testify to the potential of solid-state techniques for the study of novel and frangible radical ions. Progress in this field shows no sign of abating, as witness the recent discovery of perfluorocycloalkane radical anions and alkane radical cations

Muonium-containing vinyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rhodes, C.J.; Symons, M.C.R.; Roduner, E.; Heming, M.

1987-01-01

Exposure of trimethylsilylacetylene and bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene to positive muons gave radicals whose muon-electron hyperfine coupling constants establish that the corresponding vinyl radicals were formed. (author)

Radicals in arithmetic

NARCIS (Netherlands)

W.J. Palenstijn (Willem Jan)

2014-01-01

htmlabstractLet K be a field. A radical is an element of the algebraic closure of K of which a power is contained in K. In this thesis we develop a method for determining what we call entanglement. This describes unexpected additive relations between radicals, and is encoded in an entanglement

Multiple free-radical scavenging capacity in serum

Science.gov (United States)

Oowada, Shigeru; Endo, Nobuyuki; Kameya, Hiromi; Shimmei, Masashi; Kotake, Yashige

2012-01-01

We have developed a method to determine serum scavenging-capacity profile against multiple free radical species, namely hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, alkoxyl radical, alkylperoxyl radical, alkyl radical, and singlet oxygen. This method was applied to a cohort of chronic kidney disease patients. Each free radical species was produced with a common experimental procedure; i.e., uv/visible-light photolysis of free-radical precursor/sensitizer. The decrease in free-radical concentration by the presence of serum was quantified with electron spin resonance spin trapping method, from which the scavenging capacity was calculated. There was a significant capacity change in the disease group (n = 45) as compared with the healthy control group (n = 30). The percent values of disease’s scavenging capacity with respect to control group indicated statistically significant differences in all free-radical species except alkylperoxyl radical, i.e., hydroxyl radical, 73 ± 12% (p = 0.001); superoxide radical, 158 ± 50% (p = 0.001); alkoxyl radical, 121 ± 30% (p = 0.005); alkylperoxyl radical, 123 ± 32% (p>0.1); alkyl radical, 26 ± 14% (p = 0.001); and singlet oxygen, 57 ± 18% (p = 0.001). The scavenging capacity profile was illustrated using a radar chart, clearly demonstrating the characteristic change in the disease group. Although the cause of the scavenging capacity change by the disease state is not completely understood, the profile of multiple radical scavenging capacities may become a useful diagnostic tool. PMID:22962529

Uso de la antibioticoterapia perioperatoria en la apendicitis aguda: Use of perioperative antibiotic therapy Acute appendicitis:

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Gimel Sosa Martín

2009-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. La apendicitis aguda es la afección que más frecuentemente requiere intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. El uso de profilaxis antimicrobiana disminuye la incidencia de sepsis de la herida quirúrgica y mejora la relación riesgo-beneficio y costo-beneficio de la operación. El presente estudio buscó diseñar e implantar un protocolo terapéutico para el uso de antimicrobianos, según estadio de la apendicitis aguda, para uso en centros de atención secundaria. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de indicación-prescripción con elementos de consecuencias prácticas y un grupo de intervención. Se seleccionaron de manera aleatoria 215 pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda, atendidos entre diciembre del 2002 y diciembre del 2006. Se establecieron dos grupos, uno de control y uno experimental. Se instauró un protocolo de profilaxis aplicado al grupo experimental, basado en textos de referencia y adecuado al contexto socioeconómico cubano. RESULTADOS. Se aplicó el protocolo de profilaxis a 105 pacientes. La incidencia de sepsis fue del 8,5 %, significativamente menor a la del grupo control (24,5 %. El costo fue igualmente menor en el grupo experimental. CONCLUSIONES. El uso racional de la terapéutica antimicrobiana para la profilaxis de la infección de la herida quirúrgica mejora la relación riesgo-beneficio y costo-beneficio del procedimiento quirúrgico y la calidad de la atención médica.INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis if the affection that more frequent requires of an emergence surgical intervention. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis decreases sepsis incidence of surgical wound, and to improve the risk-benefit and the cost-benefit relation of surgery. Present study tried to design and to creates a therapeutical protocol for use of antimicrobials, according to acute appendicitis stage to use in secondary care centers. METHODS: We made a prospective study of prescription-indication with the elements

Preoperative radiochemotherapy and radical surgery in comparison with radical surgery alone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohr, C.; Schettler, D.; Bohndorf, W.

1994-01-01

A multicentric, randomized study of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and the oropharynx has been undertaken by DOeSAK. The results after radical surgery alone have been compared with the results of combined preoperative radiochemotherapy followed by radical surgery. Patients with primary (biopsy proven) SCC of the oral cavity or the oropharynx with tumor nodes metastasis (TNM) stages T2-4, N0-3, M0 were included in the study. A total of 141 patients were treated by radical surgery alone, whereas 127 patients were treated by radical surgery preceded by preoperative radiochemotherapy. The pre-operative treatment consisted of conventionally fractioned irradiation on the primary and the regional lymph nodes with a total dose of 36 Gy (5 x 2 Gy per week) and low-dose cisplatin chemotherapy with 5 x 12.5 mg cisplatin per m 2 of body surface during the first week of treatment. Radical surgery according to be DOeSAK definitions (DOeSAK, 1982) was performed after a delay of 10-14 days. During the follow-up period, 28.2% of all patients suffered from locoregional recurrence, and 27.2% of the patients died. The percentages were higher after radical surgery alone for locoregional recurrence (31% and 15.6%) and for death (28% and 18.6%). The life-table analysis showed improved survival rates of 4.5% after 1 year and 8.3% after 2 years in the group of patients treated with combined therapy. The demonstrated improvement appeared to be significant with the Gehan-Wilcoxon test as well as with the log rank test below a P value of 5%. (au) (29 refs.)

Radicals in arithmetic

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Palenstijn, Willem Jan

2014-01-01

Let K be a field. A radical is an element of the algebraic closure of K of which a power is contained in K. In this thesis we develop a method for determining what we call entanglement. This describes unexpected additive relations between radicals, and is encoded in an entanglement group. We give

Radicalization as a Vector: Exploring Non-Violent and Benevolent Processes of Radicalization.

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Ken Reidy

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Successful radicalization posits three outcomes: extremism, terrorism or both. As these are undesirable, radicalization is understood as wholly malevolent and governments work to prevent and/or stop it. Nonetheless, a handful of scholars have recognized that the same radicalization process which results in either outcome may, theoretically at least, also have beneficial outcomes such as environmental awareness or human rights. This article explores one such outcome. Based on interviews with British Muslim aid workers (n=6 operating in Jihadist conflict zones post Arab spring and using constructivist grounded theory, it illustrates how the research participants radicalized to humanitarianism which resulted in them assisting the most plighted of Muslims by deploying to the most wanton of areas: ones commonly referred to as Jihadist conflict zones. Evidently, these destinations are shared with Jihadists and given the array of other observable similarities (socio-demographics and [pre-]mobilization behaviours, these morally opposed groups become conflated by the security services. This is further compounded by the fact that Jihadists manipulate and/or impersonate aid workers so as to funnel people and funds. To distinguish both, this article documents the benevolent pathway of the research participants and juxtaposes it to scholarly knowledge on Jihadist pathways. Socialization was revealed to be the key distinguishing feature rather than descriptive risk factors (such as ideology or moral outrage because the process of radicalization was not found to be the start of the radicalized pathway. It concludes that benevolently radicalized Islamic groups constitute an effective means of pathway divergence for particular typologies by offering an attractive and prosocial alternative to Jihadism. This strengths-based preventative approach (“what’s right” takes the form of a community-centric market competitor to Jihadism rather than a problem

Radical cations of quadricyclane and norbornadiene in polar ZSM-5 matrices: Radical cation photochemical transformations without photons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barnabas, M.V.; Trifunac, A.D.

1994-01-01

Radical cations of quadricyclane (Q) and norbornadiene (NBD) are produced by γ-radiolysis in zeolites. In polar ZSM-5, only one radical cation is initially observed below 100K. Increasing the temperature above 200K gives rise to the cyclopentadiene radical cation. Higher temperatures (>360K) give rise to the cyclopenten-4-yl radical. The observation of cyclopentadiene radical cation implies the occurrence of the reverse Diels-Alder reaction. This is a thermally forbidden, photochemically allowed, process, which is made possible by the interaction of the polar zeolite matrix sites with parent NBD and Q radical cations

Intoxicación aguda por hidrato de hidracina

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Santiago Nogué Xarau

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Se aporta un caso de exposición aguda, debido a un vertido accidental de unos 25 litros de hidrato de hidracina, que el trabajador estuvo recogiendo sin ningún tipo de equipo de protección individual. El trabajador presentó alteraciones bucales, cutáneas y dolores abdominales difusos. De las pruebas complementarias únicamente se detectó un aumento de la bilirrubina total con predominio de la indirecta. Se le separó de la exposición, se le administró un tratamiento sintomático y en un periodo de un mes se recuperó íntegramente. Se comenta los principales casos de intoxicación por hidracina descritos en la literatura médica y se enfatiza en las medidas preventivas que se deben tomar para evitar casos como éste.We report a case of poisoning by acute exposure to hydrazine hydrate in a worker clearing up an accidental spillage of about 25 litres of the product who had no type of individual protective equipment. The patient presented buccal and cutaneous involvement and diffuse abdominal pain. Complementary tests were unremarkable except for an increase in total bilirubin with a predominance of indirect bilirubin. The patient was removed from the occupational exposure, symptomatic treatment was administered and the patient recovered completely after one month. We review the main reported cases of hydrazine poisoning and emphasize the preventive measures that should be taken to avoid this type of poisoning.

Uso de antimicrobianos en la enfermedad diarreica aguda

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Enrique A. González Corona

1996-04-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio sobre el estado actual del uso de antimicrobianos en el Servicio de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Hospital Infantil Docente Sur de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período comprendido entre marzo y agosto de 1992. El universo estuvo integrado por 427 pacientes ingresados, de los cuales sólo 13,1 % requirió el empleo de estos medicamentos: 9,4 % por infección enteral y 3,7 % por extraenteral bacteriana. Más de la tercera parte de los afectados curaron con alimentación continuada y rehidratación, en su mayoría oral, y fueron las diarreas persistentes y disentéricas las que más frecuentemente condicionaron su administración. El criterio clínico fue determinante en su indicación.A study was carried out on the current state of the use of microbicidals in the Acute Diarrhea Service of the Southern Educational Children's Hospital at Santiago de Cuba, during the period between March and August 1992. The universe was integrated by 427 inpatients, of which only the 13,1 % required the use of these drugs: 9,4 % due to enteral infection, and 3,7 % due to bacterial extraenteral infection. More than the third part of the patients healed with continuous feeding and rehydration, mostly oral, and the persistent and dysenteric diarrheas conditioned most frequently its administration. The clinical criterion was determining in its indication.

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de la otitis media aguda en pacientes pediátricos

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Ileana Álvarez Lam

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la otitis media aguda es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más frecuentes en la infancia, y constituye una de las causas más importantes de consultas médicas y prescripción de antibióticos en los menores de 5 años. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de la enfermedad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo con 60 pacientes entre 1 mes y 14 años de edad con diagnóstico de otitis media aguda purulenta en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente "William Soler", durante el período de 1 año (enero a diciembre de 2008. Los datos clínicos se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta a los padres o tutores de los pacientes. A todos se les realizó timpanocentesis con cultivo y exudado nasofaríngeo. Las cepas aisladas fueron enviadas al Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de S. pneumoniae y H. influenzae del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" para la caracterización microbiológica y determinación de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados: la enfermedad predominó en el grupo ubicado entre 12 y 23 meses (55 %, con mayor afectación del sexo masculino (52 %. La fiebre y las manifestaciones locales referidas a oído medio (irritabilidad, otalgia, llanto nocturno fueron los elementos clínicos referidos con mayor frecuencia. El cuidado fuera del hogar, la exposición al humo de tabaco y el destete precoz fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae no tipificable y S. epidermidis fueron los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia. El 25 % de las cepas de S. pneumoniae tuvieron resistencia intermedia a la penicilina, pero no se reportó resistencia a cefalosporinas de tercera generación. El 98,4 % de los pacientes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente. Las complicaciones de la enfermedad se presentaron en 1,6 % de los casos. Conclusiones: la otitis media aguda es frecuente en niños menores de 36 meses, y está muy relacionada con la presencia

Youth De-Radicalization: A Canadian Framework

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Hafal (Haval Ahmad

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Youth radicalization leading to violence has become a growing fear among Canadians, as terrorist attacks are carried out in Western states. Although Canada has suffered relatively fewer acts of violence, this fear has intensified and a de-radicalization strategy is needed in the Canadian context. In a qualitative case study methodology, interviews were conducted with school counsellors, religious leaders, and academics to explore solutions to youth radicalization. Youth de-radicalization approaches from the United Kingdom were analyzed and found that community-based initiatives were missing from programming. Social identity theory is used to explain that youth join radicalized groups to feel a sense of belonging and have to be provided an alternative and moderate group identity to de-radicalize. This study found youth de-radicalization in Canada is best served through a community collaboration approach.

Acute pancreatitis as a postburn complication: report of two cases in children Pancreatitis aguda como complicación de quemadura en dos niños

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Jairo Alberto Patarroyo Serrano

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Acute pancreatitis in burnt adults has been reported with some frequency; contrariwise, there has been only one report of this complication in a burnt child. We reviewed the medical records of two childrenwith acute pancreatitis as a postburn complication, who were treated at the Burns Unit of the San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, in Medellín, Colombia. As a result, we add two documented cases to the limited literature on this subject. La pancreatitis aguda ha sido reportada con alguna frecuencia en adultos quemados pero sólo se ha publicado un caso de esta complicación en un niño quemado. Se revisan las historias clínicas de dos niños con pancreatitis aguda como complicación de quemaduras, atendidos en la Unidad de Quemados del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín. Como resultado de la revisión se añaden dos casos bien documentados a la escasa literatura al respecto.

Nutritional support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis Soporte nutricional en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave

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Mónica Marcela Peláez Hernández

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with a systemic inflammatory response leading to a hypermetabolic, hypercatabolic condition; for those reasons, patients suffering from this disease require an excellent artificial nutritional support in order to maintain the structural integrity and the function of vital organs with minimal pancreatic secretion. Total parenteral nutrition has been the standard practice in the treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis because of the favorable outcomes of early nutritional support while avoiding pancreatic stimulation; however, recent evidence suggests there are potentially greater benefits with enteral as compared with parenteral nutrition, including fewer septic and metabolic complications and lesser costs. That is why present guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis recommend that enteral instead of parenteral nutrition be used in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. La pancreatitis aguda, especialmente en su forma grave, está asociada con una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica que lleva a un estado de hipermetabolismo e hipercatabolismo, en el que se requiere un excelente soporte nutricional que permita mantener la integridad estructural y la función de los órganos vitales con un estímulo mínimo de la secreción pancreática. La nutrición parenteral total era el soporte de elección, que permitía obtener todos los beneficios de la nutrición temprana sin estimular la secreción pancreática; pero la evidencia actual muestra mayores beneficios con la nutrición enteral, porque se asocia con menos complicaciones infecciosas y metabólicas y con disminución en los costos. Por ello las guías actuales de tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda grave recomiendan como primera elección el soporte nutricional enteral.

Hidratación oral continua o a dosis fraccionadas en niños deshidratados por diarrea aguda

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Mota-Hernández Felipe

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la seguridad y efectividad de dos técnicas de hidratación oral. Material y métodos. Ensayo clínico aleatorio, hecho en el Servicio de Hidratación Oral del Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, entre septiembre de 1998 y junio de 1999. Cuarenta pacientes deshidratados por diarrea aguda, menores de cinco años, recibieron suero oral ad libitum (grupo AL y otros cuarenta lo recibieron en dosis fraccionada (grupo DF. Las características clínicas fueron similares en ambos grupos. Los resultados se presentan como promedio y desviación estándar o mediana, según la distribución de frecuencias simples y relativas. Resultados. El promedio de gasto fecal en el grupo AL fue 11.0±7.5 g/kg/h y en el grupo DF 7.1±7.4 (p=0.03. La ingesta de suero, el tiempo de hidratación y la diuresis promedio, fueron similares entre ambos grupos (p>0.05. Seis pacientes del grupo AL y cinco del DF tuvieron gasto fecal alto (>10 g/kg/hora, mejorando con la administración de atole de arroz. Un paciente del grupo AL y dos pacientes del DF tuvieron vómitos persistentes, mejorando con gastroclisis. Ningún paciente requirió rehidratación intravenosa. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que la administración de suero oral ad libitum, bajo supervisión, es tan segura y efectiva como la técnica de dosis fraccionada para el tratamiento de niños deshidratados por diarrea aguda.

Intoxicação experimental aguda por Senecio brasiliensis em ovinos e indução de resistência à intoxicação

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Fabiane B. Grecco

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Ovinos são mais resistentes à intoxicação por Senecio spp. que bovinos e equinos. Para determinar se essa resistência é induzida pela ingestão de pequenas e repetidas doses da planta e se essa resistência é duradoura, foram realizados três experimentos com folhas e talos verdes de Senecio brasilienses. Para determinar a dose mínima que causa intoxicação aguda (experimento 1, foram administradas doses únicas de 60, 80, 90, 100 e 100g/kg de peso corporal (pc a cinco ovinos, respectivamente. Os animais que receberam 60 e 80 g/kg de pc de S. brasiliensis não adoeceram, porém o ovino que recebeu 80g/kg de pc apresentava fibrose e megalocitose discretas nas biópsias realizadas aos 90, 120 e 150 dias do término da administração da planta. Os ovinos que receberam 90 e 100g/kg de pc apresentaram anorexia, prostração, movimentos de pedalagem, dor abdominal e morte 12-48 horas após o aparecimento dos sinais clínicos. Na necropsia havia ascite, petéquias disseminadas e acentuação do padrão lobular hepático. Histologicamente havia necrose hemorrágica centro-lobular. No Experimento 2 a dose capaz de causar a intoxicação aguda foi fracionada e administrada em duas, cinco e 10 doses diárias para 3 ovinos, respectivamente. A dose tóxica fracionada não provocou sinais clínicos de intoxicação em nenhum dos ovinos, porém havia fibrose periportal e megalocitose moderadas nas biopsias realizadas aos 60 dias do término da administração da planta, as quais não evoluíram. O ovino que recebeu a dose fracionada em 10 administrações não apresentou lesões histológicas nas biópsias. Para determinar se os ovinos tornam-se resistentes à forma aguda da intoxicação (experimento 3, foram administradas doses diárias de 15g/kg de pc por 30 dias e 30g/kg de pc por 10 dias a quatro ovinos. No dia seguinte à última administração dois ovinos receberam a dose única de 100g/kg de pc de S. brasiliensis, mas não adoeceram nem

Peroxyl radical reactions with carotenoids in microemulsions: Influence of microemulsion composition and the nature of peroxyl radical precursor.

Science.gov (United States)

El-Agamey, Ali; McGarvey, David J

2016-01-01

The reactions of acetylperoxyl radicals with different carotenoids (7,7'-dihydro-β-carotene and ζ-carotene) in SDS and CTAC microemulsions of different compositions were investigated using laser flash photolysis (LFP) coupled with kinetic absorption spectroscopy. The primary objective of this study was to explore the influence of microemulsion composition and the type of surfactant used on the yields and kinetics of various transients formed from the reaction of acetylperoxyl radicals with carotenoids. Also, the influence of the site (hydrocarbon phases or aqueous phase) of generation of the peroxyl radical precursor was examined by using 4-acetyl-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride (APPHCl) and 1,1-diphenylacetone (11DPA) as water-soluble and lipid-soluble peroxyl radical precursors, respectively. LFP of peroxyl radical precursors with 7,7'-dihydro-β-carotene (77DH) in different microemulsions gives rise to the formation of three distinct transients namely addition radical (λmax=460 nm), near infrared transient1 (NIR, λmax=700 nm) and 7,7'-dihydro-β-carotene radical cation (77DH(•+), λmax=770 nm). In addition, for ζ-carotene (ZETA) two transients (near infrared transient1 (NIR1, λmax=660 nm) and ζ-carotene radical cation (ZETA(•+), λmax=730-740 nm)) are generated following LFP of peroxyl radical precursors in the presence of ζ-carotene (ZETA) in different microemulsions. The results show that the composition of the microemulsion strongly influences the observed yield and kinetics of the transients formed from the reactions of peroxyl radicals (acetylperoxyl radicals) with carotenoids (77DH and ZETA). Also, the type of surfactant used in the microemulsions influences the yield of the transients formed. The dependence of the transient yields and kinetics on microemulsion composition (or the type of surfactant used in the microemulsion) can be attributed to the change of the polarity of the microenvironment of the carotenoid. Furthermore, the nature of

Glutathione as a radical scavenger and the biological consequences of thiyl radical production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winterbourn, C.C.

1996-01-01

A large number of compounds that have toxic effects can be metabolised to free radicals and secondary reactive oxygen species. These may be directly damaging or affect cell function by altering regulatory mechanisms through changing redox status. Protection is provided by an integrated system of antioxidant defenses. This includes reduced glutathione (GSH), one of the functions of which is as a free radical scavenger. For GSH to be an effective radical scavenging antioxidant, therefore, it must act in concert with superoxide dismutase to remove the superoxide so generated. Superoxide is produced in a variety of metabolic processes. It is also a secondary product of radicals reacting with oxygen either directly or through GSH. The biological reactivity of superoxide has been the subject of much debate ever since the discovery of superoxide dismutase in 1968. It has more recently become apparent that its rapid reaction with nitric oxide to give peroxynitrite, and its ability to reversibly oxidise and inactivate iron sulphur enzymes, contribute to the toxicity of superoxide. Another mechanism that could be important involves addition reactions of superoxide with other radicals to give organic peroxides. This reaction, to form a tyrosine peroxide, has come to authors attention through the study of the scavenging of tyrosyl radicals by GSH. It is also shown that a tyrosine peroxide is a major product of the oxidation of tyrosine by neutrophils

Taking a radical position: Evidence for position specific radical representations in Chinese character recognition using masked priming ERP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I-Fan eSu

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In the investigation of orthographic representation of Chinese characters, one question that has stimulated much research is whether radicals (character components are specified for spatial position in a character (e.g. Ding, Peng, & Taft, 2004; Tsang & Chen, 2009. Differing from previous work, component or radical position information in this study is conceived in terms of relative frequency across different positions of characters containing it. A lexical decision task in a masked priming paradigm focusing on radicals with preferred position of occurrence was conducted. A radical position that encompasses more characters than other positions was identified to be the preferred position of a particular radical. The prime that was exposed for 96ms might share a radical with the target in the same or different positions. Moreover, the shared radical appeared either in its preferred or non-preferred position in the target. While response latencies only revealed the effect of graphical similarity, both effects of graphical similarity and radical position preference were found in the ERP results. The former effect was reflected in greater positivity in occipital P1 and greater negativity in N400 for radicals in different positions in prime and target characters. The latter effect manifested as greater negativity in occipital N170 and greater positivity in frontal P200 in the same time window elicited by radicals in their non-preferred position. Equally interesting was the reversal of the effect of radical position preference in N400 with greater negativity associated with radicals in preferred position. These findings identify the early ERP components associated with activation of position-specific radical representations in the orthographic lexicon, and reveal the change in the nature of competition from processing at the radical level to the lexical level.

Incidencia de las leucemias agudas en niños de la ciudad de México, de 1982 a 1991

OpenAIRE

Mejía-Aranguré Juan Manuel; Fajardo-Gutiérrez Arturo; Bernáldez-Ríos Roberto; Paredes-Aguilera Rogelio; Flores-Aguilar Hilario; Martínez-García María del Carmen

2000-01-01

OBJETIVO: Medir la tasa de incidencia de las leucemias agudas (LA) en las diferentes delegaciones políticas del Distrito Federal y evaluar si existe una tendencia significativa en dichos padecimientos en tales delegaciones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo realizado en seis hospitales de la ciudad de México, los que atienden a cerca de 97.5% de todos los niños con cáncer de esta ciudad. Los datos se capturaron de 1995 a 1996, y se analizaron en 1999, en el Hospital de Pedi...

Respuesta del sistema antioxidante en varones sanos, frente a hiperglicemia aguda inducida

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Raquel Oré

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la respuesta del sistema antioxidante en varones sanos, frente a la hiperglicemia aguda inducida. Diseño: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal, experimental. Lugar: Instituto Nacional de Biología Andina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Sangre y suero de sujetos aparentemente sanos. Intervenciones: A 13 sujetos adultos clínicamente sanos, entre 20 y 41años, después de 10 horas de ayuno, se administró glucosa vía endovenosa, mediante el método de clamp hiperglicémico, a 125 mg/dL por encima del valor basal, durante 120 minutos. Se realizó mediciones de la glicemia a 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 y 120 minutos. Se tomó la muestra sanguínea con anticoagulante EDTA y otra de sangre total, para obtención de suero, para las pruebas bioquímicas a los 0, 60 y 120 minutos. Principales medidas de resultados: Modificaciones de la glicemia y lipoperoxidación en suero, glutatión y actividad superóxido dismutasa en glóbulos rojos lisados e índices de estrés oxidativo. Resultados: El nivel de glucosa durante el clamp hiperglicémico, luego de alcanzar el ‘equilibrio’, fue 197±17,58 mg/dL. La lipoperoxidación aumentó de 2,54 + 0,51 a 2,90 + 0,58 umol/L, de 0 a 60 minutos, y a 2,66 + 0,55 umol/L a los 120 minutos. El glutatión se redujo en 8,10% a la hora, aumentando 7,08% a los 120 minutos. La actividad superóxido dismutasa se elevó 0,54% a los 60 minutos y 5,66% a los 120 minutos, sobre el basal. Los índices de valoración del estrés oxidativo tuvieron correlación r Pearson positiva, en nivel alto a muy alto. Conclusiones: la hiperglicemia aguda inducida hasta 2 horas elevó el estrés oxidativo, promoviendo generación de defensa antioxidante, con síntesis de glutatión reducido de novo y mayor actividad de la superóxido dismutasa.

Prevención de las infecciones respiratorias agudas: Presente y futuro

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Roberto Razón Behar

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA, son las causas más frecuentes de morbilidad en el mundo y de elevada mortalidad particularmente en los países en desarrollo. Los virus son los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes. Los virus influenza a y b, y el virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR son los más importantes por la severidad de la enfermedad y por la alta transmisibilidad. Las bacterias, principalmente el Streptococcus pneumoniae (neumococo, y el Haemophilus influenzae tipo B (Hib, son las causas más frecuentes de neumonías adquiridas en la comunidad. Las estrategias generales en la prevención y en el tratamiento se basan en: evaluar sistemáticamente los conocimientos existentes acerca de las IRA, divulgarlos y aplicarlos, desarrollar una guía nacional para las indicaciones de los antibióticos, aplicar las vacunas existentes: DPT, triple viral (SRP, anti-Hi, incrementar la inmunización contra el neumococo y los virus influenza, particularmente en grupos de riesgo y desarrollar y evaluar nuevas vacunas contra el VSR, Haemophilus influenzae no serotipificables, Bordetella pertussis y otros agentes infecciosos que afectan el aparato respiratorio. Se realiza una revisión de nuevos agentes y drogas antivirales, así como del desarrollo presente y futuro de las inmunizaciones contra los principales virus y bacterias, que causan infecciones respiratorias agudas.Acute respiratory infections (ARI are the most frequent cause of morbidity and of the high mortality in the world, particularly in the developing countries. The viruses are the most common etiological agents.The influenza a and b viruses and the syncytial respiratory virus (SRV are the most important due to the severity of the disease and to their high transmissibility. The bacteria, mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib, are the most frequent cause of pneumonias acquired in the community. The general strategies in the prevention and

Radical production in biological systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, J.R.; Akabani, G.

1994-10-01

This paper describes our effort to develop a metric for radiation exposure that is more fundamental than adsorbed dose and upon which a metric for exposure to chemicals could be based. This metric is based on the production of radicals by the two agents. Radicals produced by radiation in biological systems commonly assumed to be the same as those produced in water despite the presence of a variety of complex molecules. This may explain why the extensive efforts to describe the relationship between energy deposition (track structure) and molecular damage to DNA, based on the spectrum of radicals produced, have not been successful in explaining simple biological effects such as cell killing. Current models assume that DNA and its basic elements are immersed in water-like media and only model the production and diffusion of water-based radicals and their interaction with DNA structures; these models lack the cross sections associated with each macro-component of DNA and only treat water-based radicals. It has been found that such models are not realistic because DNA is not immersed in pure water. A computer code capable of simulating electron tracks, low-energy electrons, energy deposition in small molecules, and radical production and diffusion in water like media has been developed. This code is still in at a primitive stage and development is continuing. It is being used to study radical production by radiation, and radical diffusion and interactions in simple molecular systems following their production. We are extending the code to radical production by chemicals to complement our PBPK modeling efforts. It therefore has been developed primarily for use with radionuclides that are in biological materials, and not for radiation fields

Papel de la ecoendoscopia en el estudio etiológico de la pancreatitis aguda idiopática The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the etiological evaluation of idiopathic acute pancreatitis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. J. Vila

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Hasta el 30% de los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda son diagnosticados de una pancreatitis aguda idiopática tras un estudio inicial que debe incluir una anamnesis completa, exploración física, análisis con determinación de calcio y triglicéridos y al menos una ecografía abdominal. Esta situación representa un reto diagnóstico, aunque en la mayoría de los casos se encuentra una causa que justifique la pancreatitis tras realizar diferentes exploraciones diagnósticas. En los últimos años la ecoendoscopia está demostrando ser de gran utilidad en el estudio de estos pacientes, produciendo a cambio una baja morbilidad. En este artículo hacemos una revisión del papel de la ecoendoscopia en el estudio etiológico de la pancreatitis aguda idiopática.Up to 30% of patients with acute pancreatitis are diagnosed of idiopathic acute pancreatitis after an initial evaluation including a complete clinical history, physical examination, analysis with calcium and triglycerides determination, and at least one transabdominal ultrasonography. Unexplained pancreatitis represents a diagnostic challenge, although after different explorations a cause is found in the majority of these patients. During the last years endosonography has proved to be a low morbidity exploration very useful in the evaluation of patients with this entity. In this article we review the role of endosonography in the etiologic study of patients with idiopathic acute pancreatitis.

Estudio clínico-epidemiológico y molecular de Metapneumovirus Humano en pacientes con Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRA) en Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Tovar H, Cerraf E; Moncho S, Alessandra; Fernandez S, David; Aguilar M, Marwan S; Morón, Dulce

2014-01-01

El Metapneumovirus Humano (MPVh) ha sido asociado con Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRA) en pacientes de todas las edades. Estudios epidemiológicos indican la prevalencia del MPVh alrededor del mundo, sin embargo, en Venezuela poco se conoce sobre su comportamiento en la población. Este estudio pretende describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de la infección por MPVh en pacientes venezolanos. Se evaluaron por RT-PCR multiplex 1812 hisopados nasales (HN) provenientes de pacientes con di...

Infección respiratoria aguda en menores de una año en San José, Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Chavarría Milanés, José Fernando; Salas Chaves, Pilar; Jiménez, Rosa; Mata, Leonardo

1994-01-01

Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud. 1994 Se estudiaron 178 niños menores de un año admitidos durante un año al Hospital Nacional de niños de San José, Costa Rica por infección respiratoria aguda. Se observe; un predominio de varones sobre las mujeres. La mayoría eran menores de seis meses. Más de la mitad egresaron con diagnostico de neumonía-bronconeumonía (N-Bn) y una cuarta parte con diagnostico de bronquiolitis. El resto de los pacie...

Resposta de fase aguda e níveis séricos de magnésio em pacientes hospitalizados

OpenAIRE

Cunha,D. F. da; Bianco,M. de P.; Lenza,R. da M.; Cunha,S. F. de C. da

1999-01-01

OBJETIVO: A resposta de fase aguda (RFA), caracteriza-se por proteólise, com hipotrofia da massa celular corporal, hiperglicemia, retenção hídrica e disfunção renal, fenômenos que potencialmente afetam os níveis de magnésio (Mg++) sérico. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os níveis séricos de Mg++ entre pacientes hospitalizados, com ou sem RFA. MÉTODOS: Obteve-se um banco de dados do mainframe do Hospital-Escola contendo informações sobre dosagens bioquímicas simultâneas de creatinina, glicos...

Efecto de la infección aguda con Trypanosoma cruzi sobre el sistema nervioso central de rata gestante

OpenAIRE

Lugo de Yarbuh, Ana; Rondón, Johan; Alarcón, Maritza; Moreno, Elio; Araujo, Sonia

2009-01-01

Este estudio analizó el efecto de la infección aguda con Trypanosoma cruzi sobre la histología del sistema nervioso central de ratas durante la gestación. Las ratas Wistar fueron infectadas por inoculación intraperitoneal de 5x10(4) tripanosomas sanguícolas de la cepa M/HOM/Bra/53/Y. Para obtener la preñez durante el ascenso de la parasitemia, las ratas en estrus del ciclo menstrual fueron apareadas con los machos a los 12 días posinfección (pi). Ratas vírgenes/infectadas, vírgenes/sanas y sa...

Uso de terapias não convencionais no manejo da crise aguda de asma refratária

OpenAIRE

OLIVEIRA RAQUEL HERMES ROSA; RIBEIRO ALEXANDRE DE OLIVEIRA; AMARANTE GUSTAVO ADOLPHO JUNQUEIRA; TEDDE MIGUEL LIA

2002-01-01

Uma paciente em crise aguda de asma, refratária ao uso de beta2-agonista inalatório e intravenoso, aminofilina intravenosa e corticóide, em ventilação mecânica, foi tratada com métodos terapêuticos não convencionais: broncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar com N-acetilcisteína e ventilação com halotano. Houve melhora dos parâmetros ventilatórios após o lavado e a resolução do broncoespasmo ocorreu após a anestesia, propiciando a extubação e alta da UTI. É feita uma revisão da literatura sobre o u...

Escala RIPASA para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda: comparación con la escala de Alvarado modificada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.Z. Díaz-Barrientos

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La apendicitis aguda es la primera causa de las urgencias quirúrgicas. Permanece como un diagnóstico difícil de establecer, particularmente entre jóvenes, ancianos y mujeres en edad reproductiva, en los cuales una serie de condiciones inflamatorias pueden presentar síntomas y signos similares a los de la apendicitis aguda. Diversos sistemas de puntuación se han creado con el fin de incrementar la certeza diagnóstica; estos son baratos, no invasivos y fáciles de usar o reproducir. La escala de Alvarado modificada es probablemente la más difundida y de mayor aceptación en los servicios de urgencias del mundo. Por otro lado, la escala RIPASA fue elaborada en 2010 con mejor sensibilidad y especificidad. En México se encuentran pocos estudios que comparen los diversos sistemas de puntuación en apendicitis. El objetivo es comparar la escala de Alvarado modificada y la escala RIPASA para el diagnóstico de pacientes con dolor abdominal y sospecha de apendicitis aguda. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y prolectivo, de julio de 2012 a febrero 2014 en el Hospital Universitario de Puebla. Las encuestas en proceso de evaluación fueron aplicadas a los pacientes con sospecha clínica de apendicitis. Resultados: Escala de RIPASA: curva ROC/PC 8.5 (área 0.595, sensibilidad (93.3%, especificidad (8.3%, VPP (91.8%, VPN (10.1%. Escala de Alvarado modificada: Curva ROC/PC 6 (área 0.719, sensibilidad (75%, especificidad (41.6%, VPP (93.7%, VPN (12.5%. Conclusiones: La escala de RIPASA contrastada con la escala de Alvarado modificada no mostró ventajas al aplicarse a pacientes con sospecha de apendicitis aguda. Abstract: Introduction and objectives: Acute appendicitis is the first cause of surgical emergencies. It is still a difficult diagnosis to make, especially in young persons, the elderly, and in reproductive-age women, in whom a series of inflammatory conditions can have

Chemical repair of trypsin-histidinyl radical

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jovanovic, S.V.; Ruvarac, I.; Jankovic, I.; Josimovic, L.

1991-01-01

Oxyl radicals, such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl and peroxyl, react with biomolecules to produce bioradicals. Unless chemically repaired by suitable antioxidants, these bioradicals form stable products. This leads to loss of biological function of parent biomolecules with deleterious biological results, such as mutagenesis and cancer. Consequently, the understanding of the mechanisms of oxyl radical damage to biomolecules and chemical repair of such damage is crucial for the development of strategies for anticarcinogenesis and radioprotection. In this study the chemical repair of the histidinyl radical generated upon the trichloromethylperoxyl radical reaction with trypsin vas investigated by gamma radiolysis. The trypsin histidinyl radical is a resonance-stabilized heterocyclic free radical which was found to be unreactive with oxygen. The efficacy of the chemical repair of the trypsin-histidinyl radical by endogenous antioxidants which are electron donors (e.g. 5-hydroxytryptophan, uric acid) is compared to that of antioxidants which are H-atom donors (e. g. glutathione). 9 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab

Gnosticism and Radical Feminism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cahana, Jonathan

2016-01-01

and radical feminism would easily fall under this definition. There is, however, one major difference: since radical feminism is a relatively recent phenomenon which also benefited from modern modes of text production and preservation, almost all of the sources are still with us. This, in turn, may allow us...... to use radical feminism to make certain aspects of ancient Gnosticism re-emerge from their long submersion, provided that enough similarities can be independently drawn between the two phenomena to merit such a comparison. This paper therefore presents a comparison between concepts and positions...

Radical's view of sciences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mittal, J.P.

2004-01-01

Full text: General concept in radiation biology is that free radicals are highly reactive and they can damage vital cellular molecules leading to injurious effects. However, in this talk, evidence will be presented through the techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR ) and pulse radiolysis that free radicals can be highly selective in their reaction with the target molecules. In addition, attempts will be made to present a brief account of emerging scenario of free radical generation, identification and their involvement in radiation damage mechanisms in chemical and biological systems

Effects of vitamin D in the prevention of acute viral bronchiolitis: systematic review = Efeitos da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda: revisão sistemática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rueda, Angélica Maria Barba

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evidências publicadas sugerem que a suplementação da vitamina D pode ter efeito protetor nas infecções do trato respiratório inferior. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar os efeitos da ingestão de vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda em crianças. Métodos: Foram feitas buscas nas bases de dados Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, até dezembro de 2014, usando os descritores "Vitamin D" ou cholecalciferol ou ergocalciferol e "bronchiolitis, viral" ou "viral bronchiolitis" ou "bronchiolitides, viral" ou "viral bronchiolitides". Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram o efeito da ingesta da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda em crianças. Estudos com intervenção menor que duas semanas e artigos de revisão foram excluídos. Resultados: A busca identificou 241 artigos, entre os quais 20 artigos foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e dois artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática, incluindo 296 crianças. Nenhum estudo mediu os níveis séricos de vitamina D. Um dos estudos incluídos foi um ensaio clinico, no qual o número de episódios de bronquiolite foi significativamente menor nas crianças suplementadas com vitamina D (Grupo I: média 0, 6±0, 7 Grupo II: média 1, 4 ±0, 9; P =0, 001. No outro, um estudo de casos e controles, não se encontrou relação significativa entre casos de bronquiolite viral aguda e ingesta de vitamina D (odds ratio 1, 7 – intervalo de confiança 95% 0, 7 - 4, 0. Conclusões: As evidências científicas atuais são insuficientes para comprovar os benefícios clínicos da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda

EPR spin trapping of protein radicals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Davies, Michael Jonathan; Hawkins, Clare Louise

2004-01-01

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping was originally developed to aid the detection of low-molecular-mass radicals formed in chemical systems. It has subsequently found widespread use in biology and medicine for the direct detection of radical species formed during oxidative stress...... tumbling radicals are often broad and relatively poor in distinctive features, a number of techniques have been developed that allow a wealth of information to be obtained about the nature, site, and reactions of such radicals. This article summarizes recent developments in this area and reviews selected...... examples of radical formation on proteins....

Uso de la citometría de flujo en la caracterización de las leucemias agudas de pacientes del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl y la Clínica León XIII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lía Upegui

2001-04-01

Full Text Available

Las leucemias agudas son neoplasias hematológicas frecuentes en niños y la clasificación adecuada de un caso es importante para dar  un buen tratamiento (1. La manera más eficaz de clasificar las leucemias agudas es la inmunofenotipificación por medio de citometría de flujo, que identifica las células leucémicas con base en sus antígenos de superficie (2. En el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl no se ha estandarizado la citometría con fines diagnósticos, aunque existe consenso general sobre su importancia y necesidad (3.

Fragmentation characteristics of the unstable [CH3 CO][radical sign] radicals generated by neutralization of [CH3CO]+ cations

Science.gov (United States)

Hop, C. E. C. A.; Holmes, J. L.

1991-03-01

The stability and fragmentation characteristics of [CH3 CO][radical sign] radicals, generated by vertical charge exchange between acetyl cations and permanent gases or metal vapours (He, Xe, NO, Cd, Na and K), were examined mass spectrometrically. Two dissociation reactions were observed, the losses of CH[radical sign]3 and H[radical sign]. The H[radical sign] loss reaction, the higher energy dissociation, became of greater importance as the exothermicity of the charge exchange was increased. Based on the analysis of the kinetic energy releases it was concluded that these decompositions arose from the population of two excited states of the [CH3 CO][radical sign] radical.

Metal-Diazo Radicals of α-Carbonyl Diazomethanes

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Feifei; Xiao, Longqiang; Liu, Lijian

2016-03-01

Metal-diazo radicals of α-carbonyl diazomethanes are new members of the radical family and are precursors to metal-carbene radicals. Herein, using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with spin-trapping, we detect diazo radicals of α-carbonyl diazomethanes, induced by [RhICl(cod)]2, [CoII(por)] and PdCl2, at room temperature. The unique quintet signal of the Rh-diazo radical was observed in measurements of α-carbonyl diazomethane adducts of [RhICl(cod)]2 in the presence of 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-1-N-oxide (DMPO). DFT calculations indicated that 97.2% of spin density is localized on the diazo moiety. Co- and Pd-diazo radicals are EPR silent but were captured by DMPO to form spin adducts of DMPO-N• (triplet-of-sextets signal). The spin-trapping also provides a powerful tool for detection of metal-carbene radicals, as evidenced by the DMPO-trapped carbene radicals (DMPO-C•, sextet signal) and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane-carbene adducts (MNP-C•, doublet-of-triplets signal). The transformation of α-carbonyl diazomethanes to metal-carbene radicals was confirmed to be a two-step process via metal-diazo radicals.

Reaction between protein radicals and other biomolecules

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østdal, H.; Davies, M.J.; Andersen, Henrik Jørgen

2002-01-01

The present study investigates the reactivity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) radicals towards different biomolecules (urate, linoleic acid, and a polypeptide, poly(Glu-Ala-Tyr)). The BSA radical was formed at room temperature through a direct protein-to-protein radical transfer from H(2)O(2....... Subsequent analysis showed a decrease in the concentration of urate upon reaction with the BSA radical, while the BSA radical in the presence of poly(Glu-Ala-Tyr) resulted in increased formation of the characteristic protein oxidation product, dityrosine. Reaction between the BSA radical and a linoleic acid...

Radical intermediates involved in the bleaching of the carotenoid crocin. Hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions and hydrated electrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bors, W.; Saran, M.; Michel, C.

1982-01-01

The participation of the primary radicals in the bleaching of aqueous solutions of the carotenoid crocin by ionizing radiation was investigated, employing both X-radiolysis and pulse radiolysis. The pulse-radiolytic data demonstrated a very rapid diffusion-controlled attack by both hydroxyl radicals (radicalsOH) and hydrated electrons (e - sub(aq)), while superoxide anions (O 2 - ) did not react at all. The site of the initial reaction of these radicals was not limited to the polyene chromophore. Slower secondary reactions involving crocin alkyl or peroxy radicals contribute mainly to the overall bleaching, in particular during steady-state irradiation. (author)

Formation of long-lived radicals on proteins by radical transfer from heme enzymes--a common process?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ostdal, H; Andersen, H J; Davies, Michael Jonathan

1999-01-01

concentrations were observed after limited digestion, although this effect was less marked with the HRP/H2O2/BSA system than with Fe(III)Mb/H2O2/BSA, consistent with different modes of radical transfer. More extensive digestion of BSA decreased the radical concentration to levels below those detected with native...... investigated using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2, in the presence and absence of added tyrosine. Incubation of HRP with H2O2 and bovine or human serum albumins, in the presence and absence of tyrosine, gave long-lived albumin-derived radicals as detected by EPR spectroscopy. Evidence has been obtained...... for these albumin radicals being located on buried tyrosine residues on the basis of blocking experiments. The effect of protein conformation on radical transfer has been investigated using partial proteolytic digestion prior to protein oxidation. With HRP/H2O2/BSA and Fe(III)Mb/H2O2/BSA increased radical...

Meningoencefalite na fase aguda do sarampo : relato de seis casos

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EL-FAR FABIANE

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos 6 casos de meningoencefalite aguda por sarampo, diagnosticados durante epidemia na cidade de São Paulo, em 1997. Os prontuários dos 6 pacientes foram analisados retrospectivamente. O diagnóstico de meningoencefalite baseou-se nas alterações clínicas e liquóricas, e foi confirmado por sorologia específica. Dos 467 pacientes com sarampo atendidos no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas nesse período, estes 6 evoluíram com alterações neurológicas e liquóricas durante a fase exantemática, sendo a sonolência e rigidez de nuca os achados mais frequentes. Os pacientes tinham entre 2 meses e 28 anos de idade. O exame do líquor mostrou pleocitose em todos. Não houve correlação entre a severidade do quadro clínico e liquórico com a evolução. Em 4 casos foi necessária internação na unidade de terapia intensiva; destes, 2 foram intubados. Apenas 2 pacientes apresentaram alterações na tomografia computadorizada de crânio. Todos tiveram boa evolução, sem sequelas.

Alternativa quirúrgica en el tratamiento de la osteomielitis aguda posfractura abierta de la tibia: Presentación de un caso

OpenAIRE

García Moreiro, Reynol Delfín; Collazo Álvarez, Hilario; Estenoz Esquivel, Juan Carlos; Ayup García, Diana

2000-01-01

Se presenta un caso de fractura abierta del tercio inferior de la tibia y el peroné derechos. Como intervención de urgencia se realiza debridamiento y osteosíntesis. Se observa con posterioridad signos necróticos en partes blandas con osteomielitis aguda. Se mantienen todos los cuidados generales necesarios, se le coloca fijador externo RALCA e injerto libre de piel en tejido de granulación; este último proceder resulta infructuoso al persistir los signos anteriormente expuestos. A continuaci...

Injúria renal aguda: um alerta global

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Philip Kam Tao Li

2013-03-01

Full Text Available A Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA é cada vez mais prevalente nos países desenvolvidos e nos em desenvolvimento, e está associada com morbidade e mortalidade severas. A maioria das causas da IRA pode ser evitada por meio de intervenções em nível individual, comunitário, regional e intra-hospitalar. Medidas efetivas devem incluir, em toda a comunidade, os esforços para aumentar a consciência dos efeitos devastadores do IRA e fornecer orientações sobre as estratégias de prevenção, bem como o reconhecimento e tratamento precoces. Os esforços devem ser focados em minimizar as causas de IRA, aumentando a consciência da importância de medidas seriadas de creatinina sérica em pacientes de alto risco para IRA, e documentar o volume de urina em pessoas gravemente doentes para obtenção de diagnóstico precoce; até o momento, não há ainda um papel definitivo para outros biomarcadores. Há a necessidade de protocolos para sistematizar a conduta em condições de IRA pré-renal e em infecções específicas. Dados mais precisos sobre a verdadeira incidência e o impacto clínico da IRA ajudarão a melhor conhecer a importância desta doença, a aumentar o conhecimento de IRA por parte dos governantes, dos médicos em geral e de outros profissionais de saúde para ajudar na prevenção da doença. A prevenção é a chave para evitar a pesado ônus de mortalidade e morbidade associada com IRA.

Uncária tomentosa e a lesão renal aguda isquêmica em ratos

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Maria de Fátima Fernandes Vattimo

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do fitoterápico Uncaria tomentosa sobre a lesão renal aguda isquêmica induzida pelo clampeamento dos pedículos renais de ratos. A hipóxia e a hipoperfusão geradas com a isquemia intensificam a produção de espécies reativas já presentes no processo inflamatório. Os resultados mostraram que a função renal avaliada pelo clearance de creatinina, a excreção de peróxidos urinários (FOX e a excreção urinária de malondealdeído (TBARS desses animais apresentou renoproteção induzida pela UT, provavelmente relacionada às suas atividades antioxidantes.

Radical surgery compared with intracavitary cesium followed by radical surgery in cervical carcinoma stage IB

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tinga, D.J.; Bouma, J.; Aalders, J.G. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Univ. Hospital, Groningen (Netherlands)); Hollema, H. (Dept. of Pathology, State Univ. Hospital, Groningen (Netherlands))

1990-01-01

Forty-nine patients aged {le} 45 years, with cervical carcinoma stage IB ({le} 3 cm) were treated with either primary radical surgery (n = 26), or intracavitary irradiation followed by radical surgery (n = 23). With primary surgery, ovarian function had been preserved in 15 of the 25 patients, who were alive and well. Seven of the primary surgery patients were irradiated postoperatively and 2 others with a central recurrence were cured by irradiation. One other patient, who was not irradiated postoperatively, had an intestinal metastasis and died of the disease. If any of the adverse prognostic factors (as reported in the literature) had been considered as an indication for postoperative irradiation, 17 patients instead of 7 would have been irradiated after primary radical surgery. In the comparable group of 23 patients treated by intracavitary irradiation and radical surgery (and in 4 cases postoperative irradiation as well) there was no recurrence. There was no significant statistical difference between the treatment results in the cesium + surgery group and those who underwent primary radical surgery. Young patients with early cervical carcinoma without prognostic indicators for postoperative irradiation can benefit from primary radical surgery, because their ovarian function can be preserved. (authors).

Radical surgery compared with intracavitary cesium followed by radical surgery in cervical carcinoma stage IB

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tinga, D.J.; Bouma, J.; Aalders, J.G.; Hollema, H.

1990-01-01

Forty-nine patients aged ≤ 45 years, with cervical carcinoma stage IB (≤ 3 cm) were treated with either primary radical surgery (n = 26), or intracavitary irradiation followed by radical surgery (n = 23). With primary surgery, ovarian function had been preserved in 15 of the 25 patients, who were alive and well. Seven of the primary surgery patients were irradiated postoperatively and 2 others with a central recurrence were cured by irradiation. One other patient, who was not irradiated postoperatively, had an intestinal metastasis and died of the disease. If any of the adverse prognostic factors (as reported in the literature) had been considered as an indication for postoperative irradiation, 17 patients instead of 7 would have been irradiated after primary radical surgery. In the comparable group of 23 patients treated by intracavitary irradiation and radical surgery (and in 4 cases postoperative irradiation as well) there was no recurrence. There was no significant statistical difference between the treatment results in the cesium + surgery group and those who underwent primary radical surgery. Young patients with early cervical carcinoma without prognostic indicators for postoperative irradiation can benefit from primary radical surgery, because their ovarian function can be preserved. (authors)

Free radicals in an Adamantane matrix. XI. Electron paramagnetic resonance study of conformations in the β-halo-tert-butyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lloyd, R.V.; Wood, D.E.

1975-01-01

The β-halo-tert-butyl radicals were prepared by x-irradiation of the corresponding isobutyl halides in an adamantane matrix at 77 0 K and their conformations were determined by analysis of their EPR spectra. The radicals are nonplanar at the radical site, the fluoro and chloro radicals trans eclipsed and the bromo and iodo radicals gauche staggered with respect to the relative orientation of the carbon halogen bond and the direction of the singly occupied orbital. Vibration-rotation motions about the favored conformation are much larger for the fluoro radical than for the others. The rate of interconversion of the inequivalent methylene protons is approximately 1.5 x 10 9 sec -1 for the bromo radical at 202 0 K while it is too slow to measure for the iodo radical at the same temperature. The barrier to interconversion has a lower limit of 3 kcal/mol for the bromo radical and higher than that for the iodo radical. The halogen and proton hfsc in gauss and the g values for the XCH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 radicals are: 19 F = 103.7, CH 2 = 10.4, CH 3 = 23.3, g = 2.0030 at 214 K; 35 Cl = 19.5, CH 2 = 6.3, CH 3 = 21.1, g = 2.0042 at 215 K; 81 Br = 6.7, CH 2 = 21.4, 42.7, CH 3 = 21.4, g = 2.0010 at 202 K; 127 I = 7.0, CH 2 = 21.9, 43.8, CH 3 = 21.9, g = 2.0009 at 208 K. The fluoro radical decays to nonradical products above 318 0 K, the chloro radical converts to 2-methyl allyl radical above 306 0 K, the bromo radical converts to tert-butyl radical by exchange with a matrix proton (or deuteron) at 209 0 K as does the iodo radical above 225 0 K. Photolysis with a Xe lamp converts the bromo and iodo radicals to nonradical products in less than the experimental time constant of 0.3 sec. The hypothesis is put forward that the nonplanarity and high barrier to rotation observed explain the retention of stereochemical configuration in reactions involving β-chloro, β-bromo, and β-iodo alkyl radicals. (auth)

17.9.3 Radical cations of diazo compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Davies, A. G.

This document is part of Subvolume E2 `Phosphorus-Centered Radicals, Radicals Centered on Other Heteroatoms, Organic Radical Ions' of Volume 26 `Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals' of Landolt-Börnstein Group II `Molecules and Radicals'.

Inhibition of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks by hoechst 33258: OH-radical scavenging and DNA radical quenching

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adhikary, A.; Bothe, E.; Von Sonntag, C.; Adhikary, A.

1997-01-01

The minor-groove-binding dye Hoechst 33258 has been found to protect pBR322 DNA in aqueous solution against radiation-induced single-strand breaks (ssb). This protective effect has been assumed to be largely due to the scavenging of the strand-break-generating OH radicals by Hoechst. From D 37 values for ssb at different Hoechst concentrations the value of the OH radical scavenging constant of DNA-bound Hoechst has been estimated at k Ho/DNA = 2.7 * 10 11 dm 3 mol -1 . This unexpectedly high value has led us to study the reactions of OH radicals with Hoechst in the absence and in the presence of double-stranded calf thymus DNA (ds DNA) by pulse radiolysis, and the formation of radiation-induced ssb by low angle laser light scattering. The D 37 /D 37 0 values at different Hoechst concentrations agree with the values obtained by Martin and al. and demonstrate the protection. However, this protection cannot be explained on the basis of OH radical scavenging alone using the above rate constants. There must, in addition, be some quenching of DNA radicals. Hoechst radicals are formed in the later ms time range, i.e a long time after the disappearance of the OH radicals. This delayed Hoechst radical formation has been assigned to a a reaction of DNA radicals with Hoechst, thereby inhibiting strand breakage. In confirmation, pulse radiolysis of aqueous solution of nucleotides in the presence of Hoechst yields a similar delayed Hoechst radical formation. The data indicate that in DNA the cross-section of this quenching has a diameter of 3 to 4 base pairs per Hoechst molecule. (N.C.)

Radical-Local Teaching and Learning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hedegaard, Mariane; Chaiklin, Seth

Radical-Local Teaching and Learning presents a theoretical perspective for analyzing and planning educational programmes for schoolchildren. To realize both general societal interests and worthwhile personal development, the content of educational programmes for children must be grounded in the l......Radical-Local Teaching and Learning presents a theoretical perspective for analyzing and planning educational programmes for schoolchildren. To realize both general societal interests and worthwhile personal development, the content of educational programmes for children must be grounded...... radical-local teaching and learning approach. The first half of the book introduces the idea of radical-local teaching and learning and develops the theoretical background for this perspective, drawing on the cultural-historical research tradition, particularly from Vygotsky, El'konin, Davydov......, and Aidarova. The second half of the book addresses the central concern of radical-local teaching and learning - how to relate educational practices to children's specific historical and cultural conditions. The experiment was conducted for an academic year in an afterschool programme in the East Harlem...

Electronic structure of Co islands grown on the {radical}3 x {radical}3-Ag/Ge(111) surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Xiao-Lan; Chou, Chi-Hao; Lin, Chun-Liang; Tomaszewska, Agnieszka; Fu, Tsu-Yi, E-mail: phtifu@phy.ntnu.edu.tw

2011-09-30

By means of room temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy (RT STS), we have studied the electronic structure of two different Ag/Ge(111) phases as well as Co islands grown on the {radical}3 x {radical}3-Ag/Ge (111) forming either {radical}13 x {radical}13 or 2 x 2 patterns. The spectrum obtained from 4 x 4-Ag/Ge(111) structure shows the existence of a shoulder at 0.7 V which is also present in the electronic structure of the Ge(111)-c2 x 8 and indicates donation of Ge electrons to electronic states of the Ag-driven phase. However, this fact is not supported by the electronic spectrum taken from the {radical}3 x {radical}3-Ag/Ge (111). The complexity of the Co-{radical}13 x {radical}13 islands bonding with the substrate is mirrored by a large number of peaks in their electronic spectra. The spectra obtained from the Co-2 x 2 islands which had grown on the step differ from those taken from Co-2 x 2 islands located along the edge of the terrace by a number of peaks at negative sample bias. This discrepancy is elucidated in terms of dissimilarities of Co-substrate interaction accompanying Co islands growth on different areas of the stepped surface.

Understanding political radicalization: The two-pyramids model.

Science.gov (United States)

McCauley, Clark; Moskalenko, Sophia

2017-04-01

This article reviews some of the milestones of thinking about political radicalization, as scholars and security officials struggled after 9/11 to discern the precursors of terrorist violence. Recent criticism of the concept of radicalization has been recognized, leading to a 2-pyramids model that responds to the criticism by separating radicalization of opinion from radicalization of action. Security and research implications of the 2-pyramids model are briefly described, ending with a call for more attention to emotional experience in understanding both radicalization of opinion and radicalization of action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Orgasm after radical prostatectomy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koeman, M; VanDriel, MF; Schultz, WCMW; Mensink, HJA

Objective To evaluate the ability to obtain and the quality of orgasm after radical prostatectomy, Patients and methods The orgasms experienced after undergoing radical prostatectomy were evaluated in 20 men (median age 65 years, range 56-76) using a semi-structured interview and a self-administered

O Behaviorismo Radical como filosofia da mente Radical Behaviorism as philosophy of mind

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Eduardo Lopes

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O Behaviorismo Radical de B. F. Skinner é constantemente acusado de eliminar a mente de sua explicação do comportamento humano. Uma análise do livro The Concept of Mind, de Gilbert Ryle, sugere a possibilidade de defender a existência de uma mente relacional, diferente da categoria de existência da mente defendida em interpretações cartesianas (mente substancial. A análise de alguns textos de Skinner sugere que o conceito de uma mente relacional também pode ser defendido no Behaviorismo Radical. Esse fato, culminaria na possibilidade de que, além de filosofia da Ciência do Comportamento, o Behaviorismo Radical, também pode ser uma filosofia da mente, o que traria conseqüências ao estudo e à aplicação da Análise do Comportamento.B. F. Skinner's Radical Behaviorism has been repeatedly accused of eliminating the mind from its explanation of human behavior. An analysis of Gilbert Ryle's book, The Concept of Mind, suggests the possibility of defending the existence of a relational mind, different from the category of existence of mind defended in Cartesian interpretations (substantial mind. The analysis of some texts of Skinner suggests that the concept of a relational mind can also be defended in Radical Behaviorism. This fact would lead to the possibility that, beyond a philosophy of Behavior Science, Radical Behaviorism may also be a philosophy of mind, which would bring consequences to the study and application of Analysis of Behavior.

Toxicidad aguda de las hojas de Xanthium spinosum en ratones BALB/C

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Arturo Silvero-Isidre

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Las hojas de la planta Xanthium spinosum se utilizan culturalmente en Paraguay por sus propiedades medicinales. Se evaluó la toxicidad aguda del extracto de hojas maduras; para el estudio se seleccionaron 35 ratones BALB/C machos que fueron distribuidos en 7 grupos, 6 de ensayo y 1 de control. El extracto fue preparado en concentraciones de 6 y 9% (g/dL; se administró la solución 6% a tres grupos y la solución 9% a los otros tres grupos, con dosis entre 200 y 1000 mg/kg. Al final de 14 días de observación, se extrajeron muestras de sangre para estudios laboratoriales de urea y transaminasas, además de órganos para estudios anatomopatológicos. Se determinaron aumentos en los niveles de GOT y urea en comparación al grupo control. Se concluye que el consumo del extracto de hojas maduras de Xanthium spinosum puede causar daño hepático.

Actuación de enfermería en la leucemia mieloide aguda.

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Melchor Pino, Pilar

2012-08-01

Full Text Available La leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA es una proliferación neoplásica de células inmaduras de estirpe mieloide que se produce por una alteración en el crecimiento y diferenciación de las células hematopoyéticas.En este trabajo se presenta un caso clínico sobre un paciente de 37 años diagnosticado de LMA. Se hace una valoración de las necesidades básicas siguiendo el modelo de Virginia Henderson al ingreso del paciente, mediante una entrevista dirigida y la obtención de datos mediante la observación.El objetivo general es elaborar un plan individualizado de cuidados a dicho paciente, mediante la aplicación del Proceso Enfermero y la utilización de la taxonomía NANDA-NOC-NIC que nos permitirá aplicar unos cuidados de calidad a este paciente.Cuando el paciente abandone el hospital, la enfermera le entregará un informe de alta, que asegurará la continuidad de sus cuidados.

Muonium radicals in benzene-styrene mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ng, B.W.; Stadlbauer, J.W.; Walker, D.C.

1984-01-01

Muonium radicals were observed through their μ + SR precession frequencies in high transverse magnetic fields in pure benzene, pure styrene and their mixtures, all as liquids at room temperature. In benzene-styrene mixtures, the radicals obtained in each pure liquid are both present, so no slow (10 -9 -10 -5 s) intermolecular exchange occurs; but strong selectivity was found with the formation of the radical from styrene being about eight-times more probable than the radical from benzene. (Auth.)

Quantificação gênica pré-transplante renal : predição da rejeição aguda

OpenAIRE

Raphael Sahd

2012-01-01

Introdução. A rejeição aguda (RA) permanece entre as principais causas de perda de enxertos renais. A disponibilidade de biomarcadores prognósticos de RA no período pré-transplante poderia ser útil na individualização do tratamento destes pacientes. Neste estudo avaliamos o potencial da mensuração do RNA mensageiro de diferentes genes envolvidos na resposta alogênica como biomarcadores prognósticos pré-transplante. Material. Foram coletadas amostras pré-transplante de 51 pacientes que receber...

Associação entre o polimorfismo rs2275913 de IL-17 e a gravidade da bronquiolite aguda em lactentes

OpenAIRE

Mocellin, Magáli

2014-01-01

Introdução: a bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) é uma infecção respiratória de elevada incidência em lactentes. Os mecanismos associados à severidade da doença são ainda pouco conhecidos. Sua gravidade pode estar associada a fatores genéticos e imunológicos. Alguns mediadores da reposta imune parecem influenciar a resposta aos vírus, especialmente as interleucinas (ILs). A IL-17 é uma citocina pró-inflamatória presente no aspirado traqueal de pacientes com BVA. Esta interleucina induz a expressã...

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy: key points

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D. V. Perlin

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Radical cystectomy remains the golden standard for treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer. Objective: to duplicate with highest accuracy the open radical cystectomy procedure, which we successfully utilized earlier in our clinic, in the of laparoscopic conditions in order to preserve the advantages of minimally invasive procedures and retain the reliability of the tried and tested open surgery.Materials and methods. In the report were included 35 patients (27 men and 8 women with bladder cancer, who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy in Volgograd Regional Center of Urology and Nephrology between April 2013 and March 2016. Only the patients who had been submitted to full intracorporal ileal conduits were included.Results. The mean operative time was 378 minutes, the mean blood loss was 285 millilitres, the mean length of hospital stay was 12.4 days, only 20 % of patients required the narcotic anesthetics. The postoperative complication rate was 11.4 %. However, the majority of the patients were successfully treated with minimally invasive procedures. Generally, our results were similar to other reported studies.Conclusion. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is a safe and efficient modality of treatment of bladder cancer. However, it needs more procedures and longer observation period to establish laparoscopic radical cystectomy as an alternative to open radical cystectomy.

Manifestações músculo-esqueléticas como apresentação inicial das leucemias agudas na infância Musculoskeletal manifestations as the onset of acute leukemias in childhood

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Cássia Maria Passarelli Lupoli Barbosa

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: estudar a prevalência e as características clínicas e laboratoriais dos pacientes com manifestações músculo-esqueléticas na apresentação inicial das leucemias agudas. Métodos: estudo de casos prevalentes, retrospectivo, descritivo, no qual foram avaliados pacientes com diagnóstico de leucemia aguda, atendidos no Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica da UNIFESP, de novembro de 1999 a fevereiro de 2000. As queixas músculo-esqueléticas foram investigadas através de um questionário. Os dados referentes ao exame físico e provas laboratoriais, no início da doença, foram obtidos através da revisão de prontuários. Resultados: sessenta e uma crianças foram incluídas neste estudo, sendo que 93% apresentavam leucemia linfóide aguda, e 7% leucemia mielóide aguda. Trinta e oito crianças (62% apresentaram dor músculo-esquelética no início da doença. Artrite foi observada em 8 casos (13%. A média de articulações acometidas foi 2,5 (variando de 1 a 6, sendo as mais acometidas os joelhos, os tornozelos e os cotovelos. Três pacientes (4,9% apresentavam hemograma normal, 54 (88% hemoglobina baixa (em 6 pacientes foi a única alteração, leucopenia em 14 (22%, leucocitose em 26 (42%, e plaquetopenia em 46 (75% pacientes. Oito pacientes (13% mostravam blastos em sangue periférico. Conclusão: as queixas músculo-esqueléticas são manifestações iniciais freqüentes das leucemias agudas, e devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico diferencial da dor em membros e das artrites agudas ou crônicas da infância. Os exames laboratoriais podem ser inicialmente normais, tornando ainda mais difícil esta diferenciação.Objective: to study the frequency, the clinical features and laboratory exams of patients with musculoskeletal symptoms at the onset of acute leukemia. Methods: retrospective, descriptive study including patients diagnosed with acute leukemia, and treated at the Institute of Pediatric Oncology of UNIFESP, carried out

Effects of Molecular Iodine and 4-tert-Butylcatechol Radical Inhibitor on the Radical Polymerization of Styrene

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Mojtaba Bozorg

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The presence of molecular iodine was studied in relation the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polystyrene, produced by radical poly merization. Radical polymerization of styrene initiated by 2,2׳-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN was performed at 70°C in the presence of molecular iodine. The synthesized polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC and proton- nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR techniques. The results of these reactions including conversion data, number-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were compared with those obtained for styrene radical polymerization initiated by AIBN at the same temperature in the absence of molecular iodine. It was found that the presence of iodine had a profound effect on the molecular weight and its distribution in the produced polystyrene. This was attributed to the ability of iodine to control the polymerization of styrene initiated by AIBN via reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP mechanism. The polymer produced by this method had a molecular weight of 10600 g/mol with a molecular weight polydispersity index of 1.3. Due to the importance of induction period in reverse iodine transfer radical polymerization, increasing the temperature to 120°C during the induction period resulted in shorter induction periods and the produced species led to better control of the molecular weight. Also, due to the role of iodine molecules as a radical inhibitor, the presence of a secondary radical inhibitor, i.e. 4-tert-butylcatechol, along with the iodine was investigated in radical polymerization of polystyrene initiated by AIBN. It was observed that the secondary radical inhibitor prevented the consumption of the iodine molecules by the radicals produced from decomposition of the AIBN initiator; therefore, alkyl halides were not produced during the induction period.

Exacerbação aguda da fibrose pulmonar idiopática

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Natália Melo

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Alguns doentes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI apresentam durante a sua evolução fases de agravamento clínico sem causa conhecida, designadas como “exacerbação aguda” ou “fase acelerada” da doença (EA. Caracterizam-se pelo agravamento marcado da dispneia, hipoxemia e pelo aparecimento de novas opacidades pulmonares ou pelo agravamento das já existentes no estudo imagiológico. Os achados histológicos típicos são o dano alveolar difuso (DAD sobreposto a alterações de pneumonia intersticial usual (UIP. Esta entidade clínica associa-se a uma mortalidade elevada, não havendo até ao momento nenhuma terapêutica de comprovada eficácia.Os autores descrevem os casos clínicos de cinco doentes que apresentaram alterações clínicas, funcionais e radiológicas sugestivas de EA-FPI, assim como o tratamento efectuado e a evolução observada, enquadrando-os na discussão das características normalmente apresentadas por esta entidade. Abstract: Some patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF have disease accelerated deterioration without identifiable cause referred as “acute exacerbation” or “accelerated stage”. It is characterized by severe worsening of dyspnea, hypoxemia and new or progressive opacities on imaging studies. The typical histological findings are diffuse alveolar damage in addition to the features of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. Mortality in this clinical entity is very high and no efficacious therapeutic have been described.The authors describe the clinical, functional and radiological features, treatment and evolution of five patients with IPF acute exacerbation. A discussion will be carry out concerning the IPF acute exacerbation usual features comparing with the alterations noticed in those patients. Palavras-chave: Fibrose pulmonar idiopática, exacerbação aguda, Key words: Idiopathic

Pneumonia aguda fibrinosa e organizante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Damas

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A designação acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP foi proposta por Beasley et al para os casos em que as características histopatológicas das lesões não se enquadravam em outras situações clínicas (agu-das ou subagudas conhecidas. A presença de fibrina intra alveolar e de pneumonia organizativa, com distribuição difusa, é a principal alteração histológica associada a esta entidade.Os autores descrevem o caso de um doente do sexo masculino, com o diagnóstico de AFOP, por bióp-sia pulmonar cirúrgica. O doente teve uma apresentação subaguda, apresentando por queixas principais tosse, dor torácica e febre. TAC torácica mostrou infiltrados bilaterais, difusos. Após início de corticoterapia sistémica e ciclofosfamida, o doente apresentou melhoria clínica significativa. Ao elaborar este caso, os autores esperam acrescentar mais alguns dados sobre esta nova entidade.Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (5: 615-620 Abstract: The term Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia (AFOP has been proposed by Beasley et al for cases that not fit into the histopathologic criteria of the recognized entities described as acute or subacute clinical presentations. The presence of intra-alveolar fibrin in the form of fibrin ‘balls’ and organizing pneumonia with patchy distribution are the main histological features of this entity. We describe the case of a male patient with the diagnostic of AFOP made by surgical lung biopsy. He had a subacute presentation of symptoms consisting of productive cough, chest pain and fever. Bilateral infiltrates with patchy and diffuse distribution were the predominant features in his chest HRCT scan. The patient had a good clinical course after a treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Our hope in reporting this case study is to add some more data to the discussion of this new entity.Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (5: 615-620 Palavras

Toxicidad aguda oral y subcrónica en ratas de un extracto acuoso liofilizado de Ocimum tenuiflorum L

OpenAIRE

A Lagarto; J Tillán; V Bueno; I Chávez; I Guerra; Y Vega; O Valdés; T Gabilondo

2005-01-01

El potencial tóxico de un extracto acuoso liofilizado fue evaluado mediante el ensayo de toxicidad aguda oral y subcrónica a 90 días en ratas Wistar de ambos sexos. Los métodos empleados fueron los descritos por las normas OECD. En el ensayo agudo se administró por vía oral la dosis de 2000 mg/kg y en el ensayo subcrónico 250, 500 y 1000 mg/kg/día durante 13 semanas. Se evaluaron los signos tóxicos y peso corporal en ambos ensayos. En el estudio subcrónico además se evalu...

Intoxicaciones agudas por cocaína: Caracterización, factores de riesgo, conocimientos y precauciones de los consumidores

OpenAIRE

Santos Sanz, Sara

2012-01-01

La cocaína es la tercera droga ilegal más consumida después del cannabis y las anfetaminas. España es uno de los países donde su consumo está más extendido, sobretodo en el grupo de adultos jóvenes de 15-34 años. Los problemas de salud asociados al consumo de cocaína son frecuentes (13%-30%) entre los consumidores, aunque la intoxicación aguda por cocaína así como sus factores de riesgo no se han estudiado tanto como en el caso de la sobredosis por heroina. Existen vacios en la literatura sob...

Malformación arteriovenosa pancreática como causa de pancreatitis aguda tratada por vía endovascular

OpenAIRE

Kohan, Gustavo; Provenzano, Matías; Rosado, Martín; Farfan, Grisel; Sánchez, Nicolás; Fastman, Denise

2017-01-01

La malformación arterio-venosa (MAV) en el páncreas es una anomalía anatómica poco frecuente que puede ser causa de pancreatitis aguda. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 46 años cuyo diagnóstico se sospechó por los hallazgos de la tomografía computarizada con contraste endovenoso y por resonancia magnética y se confirmó mediante una arteriografía del tronco celíaco y de la arteria mesentérica superior. El tratamiento recibido fue por vía endovascular, aunque la otra opción válida para el ...

Radical chemistry of artemisinin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Denisov, Evgenii T; Solodova, S L; Denisova, Taisa G [Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)

2011-12-29

The review summarizes physicochemical characteristics of the natural sesquiterpene peroxide artemisinin. The kinetic schemes of transformations of artemisinin radicals under anaerobic conditions are presented and analyzed. The sequence of radical reactions of artemisinin in the presence of oxygen is considered in detail. Special emphasis is given to the intramolecular chain oxidation resulting in the transformation of artemisinin into polyatomic hydroperoxide. The kinetic characteristics of elementary reaction steps involving alkyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals generated from artemisinin are discussed. The results of testing of artemisinin and its derivatives for the antimalarial activity and the scheme of the biochemical synthesis of artemisinin in nature are considered.

Radical chemistry of artemisinin

Science.gov (United States)

Denisov, Evgenii T.; Solodova, S. L.; Denisova, Taisa G.

2010-12-01

The review summarizes physicochemical characteristics of the natural sesquiterpene peroxide artemisinin. The kinetic schemes of transformations of artemisinin radicals under anaerobic conditions are presented and analyzed. The sequence of radical reactions of artemisinin in the presence of oxygen is considered in detail. Special emphasis is given to the intramolecular chain oxidation resulting in the transformation of artemisinin into polyatomic hydroperoxide. The kinetic characteristics of elementary reaction steps involving alkyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals generated from artemisinin are discussed. The results of testing of artemisinin and its derivatives for the antimalarial activity and the scheme of the biochemical synthesis of artemisinin in nature are considered.

Radical chemistry of artemisinin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Denisov, Evgenii T; Solodova, S L; Denisova, Taisa G

2010-01-01

The review summarizes physicochemical characteristics of the natural sesquiterpene peroxide artemisinin. The kinetic schemes of transformations of artemisinin radicals under anaerobic conditions are presented and analyzed. The sequence of radical reactions of artemisinin in the presence of oxygen is considered in detail. Special emphasis is given to the intramolecular chain oxidation resulting in the transformation of artemisinin into polyatomic hydroperoxide. The kinetic characteristics of elementary reaction steps involving alkyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals generated from artemisinin are discussed. The results of testing of artemisinin and its derivatives for the antimalarial activity and the scheme of the biochemical synthesis of artemisinin in nature are considered.

Radical chemistry of artemisinin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Denisov, Evgenii T; Solodova, S L; Denisova, Taisa G [Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)

2010-12-29

The review summarizes physicochemical characteristics of the natural sesquiterpene peroxide artemisinin. The kinetic schemes of transformations of artemisinin radicals under anaerobic conditions are presented and analyzed. The sequence of radical reactions of artemisinin in the presence of oxygen is considered in detail. Special emphasis is given to the intramolecular chain oxidation resulting in the transformation of artemisinin into polyatomic hydroperoxide. The kinetic characteristics of elementary reaction steps involving alkyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals generated from artemisinin are discussed. The results of testing of artemisinin and its derivatives for the antimalarial activity and the scheme of the biochemical synthesis of artemisinin in nature are considered.

Oxygen free radicals in rheumatoid arthritis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

P. Biemond (Pieter)

1986-01-01

textabstractCurrent knowledge strongly suggests that oxygen free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Additional information about the mechanism of free radical attack is necessary in order to find out if interaction with the mechanism of free radical damage can be used in the treatment

Free radicals in health and disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonet, B.

1993-01-01

Free radicals appear in the cells as the result of exogenic factors (ionizing radiation, UV) or reactions naturally occurring in the cell. Free radical reactions may cause destruction of macromolecules (DNA, lipids, proteins). Free radical pathology is important in many diseases and aging processes in organisms

Infección por Campylobacter y Shigella como causa de Diarrea Aguda Infecciosa en niños menores de dos años en el Distrito de la Victoria, Lima-Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Perales D

2002-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Campylobacter y Shigella como agentes etiológicos en diarrea aguda acuosa en niños menores de dos años atendidos en 4 centros de salud del distrito de La Victoria (Lima, Perú Materiales y métodos: en este estudio transversal analítico se realizaron coprocultivos bajo técnica microbiológica estándar a los niños menores de dos años con diarrea aguda acuosa atendidos en 4 centros de salud de La Victoria entre abril y octubre de 2001. Fueron excluidos aquellos niños con disentería y aquellos que habían recibido tratamiento antibiótico previo a la atención. Resultados: se estudiaron un total de 248 casos, de los cuales 48 (19,4% coprocultivos fueron positivos: 33 (13.3% a Campylobacter, 12 (4,8% a Shigella y 3 (1,2% a Salmonella. No se identificaron otros patógenos. Las especies de Shigella identificadas fueron: Shigella flexneri en 9 (75,0% casos y Shigella sonnei en 3 (25,0% La única especie de Campylobacter identificada fue Campylobacter jejuni siendo el biotipo I el más frecuente (84,6% Conclusiones: Campylobacter y Shigella juegan un importante papel como agentes etiológicos causantes de diarrea aguda acuosa en niños menores de dos años.

Free radicals in wood induced by γ-radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Honglin; Zhang Wenhui

1994-01-01

The free radicals in wood induced by γ-radiation were studied by electron spin resonance. The fine structure of the ESR signal from sawdust samples irradiated could be resolved into various radicals. These free radicals have a very long lifetime. The major spectrum for the free radicals will exponentially increased along with the radiation dose according to Y 1-Exp(-α a D). The intensity of radiation radicals is dependent on tree species. The stronger the intensity of mechanic free radicals is, the stronger the intensity of radiation free radicals

Radical-Local Teaching and Learning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hedegaard, Mariane; Chaiklin, Seth

radical-local teaching and learning approach. The first half of the book introduces the idea of radical-local teaching and learning and develops the theoretical background for this perspective, drawing on the cultural-historical research tradition, particularly from Vygotsky, El'konin, Davydov......, and Aidarova. The second half of the book addresses the central concern of radical-local teaching and learning - how to relate educational practices to children's specific historical and cultural conditions. The experiment was conducted for an academic year in an afterschool programme in the East Harlem......Radical-Local Teaching and Learning presents a theoretical perspective for analyzing and planning educational programmes for schoolchildren. To realize both general societal interests and worthwhile personal development, the content of educational programmes for children must be grounded...

What is Radical Behaviorism? A Review of Jay Moore's Conceptual Foundations of Radical Behaviorism

Science.gov (United States)

Baum, William M

2011-01-01

B. F. Skinner founded both radical behaviorism and behavior analysis. His founding innovations included: a versatile preparation for studying behavior; explicating the generic nature of stimulus and response; a pragmatic criterion for defining behavioral units; response rate as a datum; the concept of stimulus control; the concept of verbal behavior; and explicating the explanatory power of contingencies. Besides these achievements, however, Skinner also made some mistakes. Subsequent developments in radical behaviorist thought have attempted to remedy these mistakes. Moore's book presents a “party line” version of radical behaviorism. It focuses narrowly on a few of Skinner's concepts (mostly mentalism and verbal behavior) and contains no criticism of his mistakes. In fact, Moore adds a few mistakes of his own manufacture; for example, he insists that the mental realm does not exist—an unprovable and distracting assertion. The book's portrayal of behavior analysis would have been current around 1960; it mentions almost none of the developments since then. It also includes almost no developments in radical behaviorism since Skinner. Moore's book would give an unwary reader a highly distorted picture of contemporary behavior analysis and radical behaviorism.

Intoxicação aguda por cobre em ovinos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcele Bettim Bandinelli

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Descrevem-se casos de intoxicação aguda por cobre em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, numa propriedade rural, no Rio Grande do Sul. Três ovelhas recém-paridas, que consumiam ração formulada para bovinos, ingeriram, avidamente, sal mineral comercial para bovinos e apresentaram doença clínica e morte, uma semana após a introdução do sal. Os animais desenvolveram anorexia, permaneceram em decúbito lateral, o qual evoluiu para esternal e apresentaram fasciculação e rigidez muscular generalizada, antes de morrerem. À necropsia de um desses animais, as principais alterações foram hepatomegalia moderada e acentuação do padrão lobular hepático, além de erosões e ulcerações multifocais aleatórias na mucosa abomasal. Na avaliação histológica do fígado, havia necrose hepatocelular centrolobular acentuada e difusa, tumefação de hepatócitos, predominantemente, na região periportal, além de pequena quantidade de células de Kupffer com pigmento granular citoplasmático. O diagnóstico baseou-se na história clínica, nos achados de necropsia e histopatológicos e confirmou-se pelas altas concentrações de cobre detectadas no tecido hepático e nas amostras de ração e sal mineral.

Orthographic Skills Important to Chinese Literacy Development: The Role of Radical Representation and Orthographic Memory of Radicals

Science.gov (United States)

Yeung, Pui-sze; Ho, Connie Suk-han; Chan, David Wai-ock; Chung, Kevin Kien-hoa

2016-01-01

A 3-year longitudinal study among 239 Chinese students in Grades 2-4 was conducted to investigate the relationships between orthographic skills (including positional and functional knowledge of semantic radicals and phonetic radicals, and orthographic memory of radicals) and Chinese literacy skills (word reading, word spelling, reading…

The Games Radicals Play: Special Issue on Free Radicals and Radical Ions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John C. Walton

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Chemistry and Physics have aptly been described as “most excellent children of Intellect and Art” [1]. Both these “children” engage with many playthings, and molecules rank as one of their first favorites, especially radicals, which are amongst the most lively and exciting. Checking out radicals dancing to the music of entropy round their potential energy ballrooms is surely both entertaining and enlightening. Radicals’ old favorite convolutions are noteworthy, but the new styles, modes and arrangements appearing on the scene are even more interesting. Some of these are ephemeral and enjoy only a brief appearance, others are retro-types reappearing in new guises, still others are genuinely new and “go viral” in the scientific world. This Special Issue of Molecules contains the observations and reflections of a select group of chemists and physicists fascinated by this spectacle. It contains an eclectic mix reflecting on new modes and advances as well as on permutations and combinations that revive mature themes. [...

Radical-pair based avian magnetoreception

Science.gov (United States)

Procopio, Maria; Ritz, Thorsten

2014-03-01

Behavioural experiments suggest that migratory birds possess a magnetic compass sensor able to detect the direction of the geomagnetic. One hypothesis for the basis of this remarkable sensory ability is that the coherent quantum spin dynamics of photoinduced radical pair reactions transduces directional magnetic information from the geomagnetic field into changes of reaction yields, possibly involving the photoreceptor cryptochrome in the birds retina. The suggested radical-pair based avian magnetoreception has attracted attention in the field of quantum biology as an example of a biological sensor which might exploit quantum coherences for its biological function. Investigations on such a spin-based sensor have focussed on uncovering the design features for the design of a biomimetic magnetic field sensor. We study the effects of slow fluctuations in the nuclear spin environment on the directional signal. We quantitatively evaluate the robustness of signals under fluctuations on a timescale longer than the lifetime of a radical pair, utilizing two models of radical pairs. Our results suggest design principles for building a radical-pair based compass sensor that is both robust and highly directional sensitive.

Sarcoma granulocítico multicêntrico como recidiva de leucemia mieloide aguda Multicentric granulocytic sarcoma as relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taciana G. S. Aguiar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Sarcoma granulocítico (SG é um tumor sólido extramedular, constituído por células precursoras de granulócitos. É geralmente associado a leucemia mieloide aguda ou raramente a outras desordens mieloproliferativas. O tumor geralmente ocorre precedendo uma leucemia mieloide aguda, durante o seu curso ou após a remissão ter sido alcançada. O prognóstico é pobre e tem como principais modalidades terapêuticas a quimioterapia e a radioterapia. Relata- se um caso de SG multicêntrico, de evolução rápida, com acometimento difuso de pele, mamas, gânglios linfáticos, tecido celular subcutâneo e líquor, em mulher de 45 anos, fora de tratamento para leucemia mieloide aguda e em remissão hematológica há 18 meses. A paciente apresentava dor intensa em membro inferior direito há uma semana e estava em anticoagulação oral há seis meses por trombose venosa profunda neste membro. Diagnosticado o SG, a paciente foi tratada com radioterapia e quimioterapia com boa resposta. Após três meses de seguimento, em vigência do tratamento quimioterápico, evoluiu com recidiva do SG neste membro, associado ao acometimento das mamas e posteriormente do sistema nervoso central, evoluindo para óbito em aplasia e sepses.Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary solid tumor consisting of immature granulocytic cells. It is often associated with acute myelogenous leukemia and more rarely with other myeloproliferative disorders. The tumor generally occurs before acute myeloid leukemia, during its course or after disease remission. It has a poor prognosis with the main therapeutic options being chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A multicentric accelerated case of granulocytic sarcoma of a 45- year- old woman with diffuse skin, breast, lymphatic ganglia and subcutaneous tissue presentations no longer undergoing treatment for acute myeloid leukemia and in hematologic remission for 18 months is reported. The patient presented with severe pain of right lower

Radically enhanced molecular recognition

KAUST Repository

Trabolsi, Ali

2009-12-17

The tendency for viologen radical cations to dimerize has been harnessed to establish a recognition motif based on their ability to form extremely strong inclusion complexes with cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) in its diradical dicationic redox state. This previously unreported complex involving three bipyridinium cation radicals increases the versatility of host-guest chemistry, extending its practice beyond the traditional reliance on neutral and charged guests and hosts. In particular, transporting the concept of radical dimerization into the field of mechanically interlocked molecules introduces a higher level of control within molecular switches and machines. Herein, we report that bistable and tristable [2]rotaxanes can be switched by altering electrochemical potentials. In a tristable [2]rotaxane composed of a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring and a dumbbell with tetrathiafulvalene, dioxynaphthalene and bipyridinium recognition sites, the position of the ring can be switched. On oxidation, it moves from the tetrathiafulvalene to the dioxynaphthalene, and on reduction, to the bipyridinium radical cation, provided the ring is also reduced simultaneously to the diradical dication. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Radically enhanced molecular recognition

KAUST Repository

Trabolsi, Ali; Khashab, Niveen M.; Fahrenbach, Albert C.; Friedman, Douglas C.; Colvin, Michael T.; Coti, Karla K.; Bení tez, Diego S.; Tkatchouk, Ekaterina; Olsen, John Carl; Belowich, Matthew E.; Carmieli, Raanan; Khatib, Hussam A.; Goddard, William Andrew III; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Stoddart, Fraser Fraser Raser

2009-01-01

The tendency for viologen radical cations to dimerize has been harnessed to establish a recognition motif based on their ability to form extremely strong inclusion complexes with cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) in its diradical dicationic redox state. This previously unreported complex involving three bipyridinium cation radicals increases the versatility of host-guest chemistry, extending its practice beyond the traditional reliance on neutral and charged guests and hosts. In particular, transporting the concept of radical dimerization into the field of mechanically interlocked molecules introduces a higher level of control within molecular switches and machines. Herein, we report that bistable and tristable [2]rotaxanes can be switched by altering electrochemical potentials. In a tristable [2]rotaxane composed of a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring and a dumbbell with tetrathiafulvalene, dioxynaphthalene and bipyridinium recognition sites, the position of the ring can be switched. On oxidation, it moves from the tetrathiafulvalene to the dioxynaphthalene, and on reduction, to the bipyridinium radical cation, provided the ring is also reduced simultaneously to the diradical dication. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Malondialdehyde in early phase of acute pancreatitis Malondialdehído en la fase inicial de la pancreatitis aguda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicent Hernández

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Aims: to assess oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis, its evolution over time and its relationship with the severity of the disease. Methods: during a two-year period, patients with acute pancreatitis with less than 24 hours of pain were evaluated. Serum was obtained the first, second and fourth day from admittance, if complications were detected, and after recovery. Malondialdehyde was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Twenty healthy volunteers constituted the control group. Malondialdehyde between groups was compared with Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests; malondialdehyde evolution was studied with Wilcoxon test. Results: one hundred and sixty-nine patients were included (91 women, median age 67 years, range 20-95; 33 suffered a severe episode. Malondialdehyde decreased from first to fourth day (0.600 vs. 0.451 vs. 0.343 μM, respectively, p 0.05. In severe attacks malondialdehyde was higher than in control group at day 2 (severe: 0.514; mild: 0.440; control: 0.347 μM, p Objetivos: valorar el estrés oxidativo en la pancreatitis aguda, su evolución a lo largo del tiempo y su relación con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Métodos: durante un periodo de dos años, se estudiaron los pacientes ingresados por pancreatitis aguda con dolor abdominal de menos de 24 horas de evolución. Se obtuvo suero de los pacientes el primer, segundo y cuarto día de ingreso, en el momento en que se detectaban complicaciones y tras la recuperación. La concentración de malondialdehído fue determinada utilizando cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Veinte voluntarios sanos conformaron el grupo control. La concentración de malondialdehído entre los diferentes grupos se comparó utilizando el test de Mann-Whitney y el test de Kruskal-Wallis; la evolución de malondialdehído se valoró mediante el test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: se incluyeron 169 pacientes (91 mujeres, edad mediana 67 años, rango 20-95; 33 sufrieron un episodio

Formation and spectroscopy of {alpha}-muoniated radicals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McKenzie, I.; Brodovitch, J.C.; Ghandi, K.; Kecman, S.; Percival, P.W

2003-02-01

Several novel {alpha}-muoniated radicals have been produced by the reaction of muonium with compounds containing diazo, isocyanate or carbene functional groups. In {alpha}-muoniated radicals the muon is attached directly to the radical centre; they can be formed either directly or indirectly via a {beta}-muoniated radical intermediate. The hyperfine coupling constants of the resulting radicals have been measured by transverse field muon spin rotation and muon avoided level-crossing resonance. The effect of muonium substitution was investigated for cases where ESR data are available for comparison.

Formation and spectroscopy of α-muoniated radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McKenzie, I.; Brodovitch, J.C.; Ghandi, K.; Kecman, S.; Percival, P.W.

2003-01-01

Several novel α-muoniated radicals have been produced by the reaction of muonium with compounds containing diazo, isocyanate or carbene functional groups. In α-muoniated radicals the muon is attached directly to the radical centre; they can be formed either directly or indirectly via a β-muoniated radical intermediate. The hyperfine coupling constants of the resulting radicals have been measured by transverse field muon spin rotation and muon avoided level-crossing resonance. The effect of muonium substitution was investigated for cases where ESR data are available for comparison

Semantic Radicals Contribute More Than Phonetic Radicals to the Recognition of Chinese Phonograms: Behavioral and ERP Evidence in a Factorial Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xieshun Wang

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Chinese phonograms consist of a semantic radical and a phonetic radical. The two types of radicals have different functional contributions to their host phonogram. The semantic radical typically signifies the meaning of the phonogram, while the phonetic radical usually contains a phonological clue to the phonogram’s pronunciation. However, it is still unclear how they interplay with each other when we attempt to recognize a phonogram because previous studies rarely manipulated the functionality of the two types of radicals in a single design. Using a full factorial design, the present study aimed to probe this issue by directly manipulating the functional validity of the two types of radicals in a lexical decision task with both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP measurements. The results showed that recognition of phonograms which were related to their semantic radicals in meaning took a shorter reaction time, showed a lower error rate, and elicited a smaller P200 and a larger N400 than did recognition of those which had no semantic relation with their semantic radicals. However, the validity of phonetic radicals did not show any main effect or interaction with that of semantic radicals on either behavioral or ERP measurements. These results indicated that semantic radicals played a dominant role in the recognition of phonograms. Transparent semantic radicals, which provide valid semantic cues to phonograms, can facilitate the recognition of phonograms.

Pyrimidine nucleobase radical reactivity in DNA and RNA

Science.gov (United States)

Greenberg, Marc M.

2016-11-01

Nucleobase radicals are major products of the reactions between nucleic acids and hydroxyl radical, which is produced via the indirect effect of ionizing radiation. The nucleobase radicals also result from hydration of cation radicals that are produced via the direct effect of ionizing radiation. The role that nucleobase radicals play in strand scission has been investigated indirectly using ionizing radiation to generate them. More recently, the reactivity of nucleobase radicals resulting from formal hydrogen atom or hydroxyl radical addition to pyrimidines has been studied by independently generating the reactive intermediates via UV-photolysis of synthetic precursors. This approach has provided control over where the reactive intermediates are produced within biopolymers and facilitated studying their reactivity. The contributions to our understanding of pyrimidine nucleobase radical reactivity by this approach are summarized.

Quantification of hydroxyl radical produced during phacoemulsification.

Science.gov (United States)

Gardner, Jonathan M; Aust, Steven D

2009-12-01

To quantitate hydroxyl radicals produced during phacoemulsification with various irrigating solutions and conditions used in cataract surgery. Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. All experiments were performed using an Infiniti Vision System phacoemulsifier with irrigation and aspiration. Hydroxyl radicals were quantitated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and a spectrophotometric assay for malondialdehyde, which is formed by the oxidation of deoxyribose by the hydroxyl radical. Hydroxyl radical production increased during longitudinal-stroking phacoemulsification as power levels were increased in a nonlinear, nonexponential fashion. The detection of hydroxyl radical was reduced in irrigating solutions containing organic molecules (eg, citrate, acetate, glutathione, dextrose) and further reduced in Navstel, an irrigating solution containing a viscosity-modifying agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Hydroxyl radicals produced in settings representative of those used in phacoemulsification cataract surgery were quantitated using the deoxyribose method. Hydroxyl radical production was dependent on the level of ultrasound power applied and the irrigating solution used. Oxidative stress on the eye during phacoemulsification may be minimized by using irrigating solutions that contain organic molecules, including the viscosity-modifying agent hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, that can compete for reaction with hydroxyl radicals.

Free radicals in biology. Volume II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pryor, W.A.

1976-01-01

This volume continues the treatment of topics in free radical biology and free radical pathology from Volume I. In the first chapter, pyridinyl radicals, radicals which are models for those derived from NAD, are discussed. Pyridinyl radicals can be synthesized and isolated and directly studied in a number of chemical systems. The next chapter treats the role of glutathione in the cell. It is becoming even more apparent that this vital thiol controls a large number of important cellular functions. The GSH/GSSG balance has recently been implicated as a control for cellular development; this balance also may be important in relaying the effects of oxidants from one site to another in the body. The next chapter outlines the reactions of singlet oxygen; some of these involve free radicals and some do not. This reactive intermediate appears to be important both in photochemical smog and in cellular chemistry where singlet oxygen is produced by nonphotochemical processes. The production of free radicals from dry tissues, a controversial area with conflicting claims is reviewed. The next chapter outlines the current status of the studies of photochemical smog. The next two chapters treat specific reactive materials which are present in smog. The first discusses the chemistry of nitrogen oxides and ozone. The second chapter treats the chemistry of the peroxyacyl nitrites. These compounds, although present in only small concentration, are among the most toxic components of smog. The last two chapters treat radiation damage to proteins and radiation protection and radical reactions produced by radiation in nucleic acids

O conceito de mal radical The concept of radical evil

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Adriano Correia

2005-01-01

Full Text Available A noção de mal radical aparece em Kant no contexto da discussão da religião nos limites da simples razão e busca dar conta da complexa relação entre o respeito pela lei moral e o amor-próprio na definição do móbil para a ação. Na busca por identificar o fundamento da propensão para o mal no homem, Kant se vê diante da dificuldade de ter de articular natureza e liberdade, e ainda que a noção de mal radical possa conservar algumas ambigüidades, permite conceber uma noção de responsabilidade compatível com uma inata propensão para o mal. Neste texto busco explicitar alguns passos fundamentais na construção do conceito por Kant.The concept of radical evil appears in Kant's theory when he discusses the religion in the limits of the mere reason and aims explain the complex relationship between respect for the moral law and the self-love, for establish the motive of the action. By aiming identify the basis of human inclination to evil, Kant is faced with the trouble of have to put nature and freedom in connection. Despite of the concept of radical evil retain some ambiguity, it allows conceive a notion of responsibility suitable to an inherent inclination to evil. In this paper is my purpose to explain some basic moments of Kantian formulation of that notion.

Estudio experimiental de la infiltración leucocitaria de amígdalas palatinas durante la crisis aguda de la amigdalitis pultácea en niños: Implicaciones terapéuticas sobre la modulación de la inflamación

OpenAIRE

Alonso Rosa, D.; López González, M.A.; Mata Maderuelo, F.; Delgado Moreno, F.

2002-01-01

La infección de garganta es uno de los problemas más comunes durante la infancia. El Streptococcus pyogenes está presente en la mayoría de los casos de amigdalitis pultácea. El propósito de este estudio ha sido profundizar en el conocimiento de la respuesta inmune durante la crisis aguda y el período intercrisis de la amigdalitis pultácea. Veinte niños se diagnosticaron de amigdalitis aguda recurrente (más de 4 brotes por año durante más de 1 año) con indicación de amigdalectomía con o sin...

Associação dos níveis de citocinas no pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas com a Doença do Enxerto Contra o Hospedeiro aguda Association of cytokine levels with acute graft versus host disease following full match allogeneic stem cell transplantation

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Jeane E. L. Visentainer

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado para investigar se os níveis séricos de sIL-2R, TNF-alfa, IFN-gama, IL-6, IL-10 e TGF-beta1 estavam associados com o desenvolvimento de DECH (Doença do Enxerto Contra o Hospedeiro aguda. Os níveis de citocinas foram seqüencialmente mensurados por Elisa em 13 pacientes que haviam sido submetidos ao transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas. Os níveis de sIL-2R e IL-10 da 1ª a 15ª semanas pós-transplante foram significativamente maiores no grupo que desenvolveu DECH aguda que naquele sem a doença. Os níveis de sIL-2R aumentaram em direta correlação com a pega do enxerto e ao tempo do DECH aguda, enquanto os níveis de IL-10 aumentaram transitoriamente pós-transplante. A média da concentração de TNF-alfa nas primeiras semanas após o transplante foi maior no grupo que desenvolveu DECH aguda. Além disso, uma queda dos níveis de TGF-beta1 após a pega esteve significativamente associada à DECH aguda. Nenhuma correlação foi encontrada entre DECH aguda e as outras citocinas investigadas. Estes resultados suportam a idéia de que um balanço entre as citocinas derivadas de linfócitos T auxiliadores do tipo 1 e 2 pode ser importante no desenvolvimento e controle da DECH aguda. Embora os níveis de sIL-2R, TNF-alfa, IL-10 e TGF-beta1 tenham sido correlacionados com a DECH aguda, os níveis de sIL-2R ao tempo da pega podem prover um melhor parâmetro para a detecção precoce de DECH aguda após o transplante alogênico.This study was performed to investigate whether the serum levels of sIL-2R, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta1 are associated with the development of acute GVHD. Serum cytokine levels were sequentially measured by sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (Elisa in 13 patients who had received full match allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Serum sIL-2R and IL-10 levels from the 1st to the 15th week post transplantation were significantly higher in the

Linfonodo pulmonar na paracoccidioidomicose aguda infantil (relato de um caso

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Evanil Pires de Campos

1992-09-01

Full Text Available Observou-se a evolução de um linfonodo pulmonar na paracoccidioidomicose (PCM aguda infantil. Doente, masculino, 6 anos, branco, natural de Curitiba (PR, procedente de Guaratinguetá (SP, que há 3 meses desenvolveu quadro gripal, febre diária, bimodal, prolongada, precedida de calafrio, acompanhada de sudorese inodora, cefaléia frontal e anorexia. Diagnosticado e tratado como pneumonia por cinco dias, sem melhora do quadro. Há 2 meses, apresentou dor óssea nos braços e articulações do pé, com edema inflamatório e emagrecimento de 6 kg em 3 meses. Exame físico revelou: peso 20 kg; estatura 120 cm; P. A. 90/60 mmHg; facies atípica, hipoativo, palidez cutâneo-mucosa (+ +, hipotrofia muscular, adenopatiageneralizada, sopro sistólico suave em foco aórtico acessório e hepatesplenomegalia. Imunodifusão com exoantígeno glicoprotéico 43 kdpositiva (1/32. A biópsia de gânglio revelou Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. A radiologia demonstrou na primeira consulta, discreto infiltrado intersticial bilateral com linfoadenomegaliapara-hilar que desaparecu em 30 dias. Observou- se, ainda, massa tumoral mediastínica superior, hiperplasia do sistema fagocítico mononuclear e lesões osteolíticas nos 60 dias iniciais da evolução.

HPLC-ESR techniques for detection of complex trapped radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tu Tiecheng; Dong Jirong; Lin Nianyun; Xie Leidong; Liu Rengzhong

1992-01-01

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ESR combined examination of radical species is an advanced techniques for separation and identification of complex radical species. At SRCL, Waters 990 HPLC has been used to separate the complex trapped radicals and Varian E-112 ESR spectrometer to record the spectra of single trapped radicals after HPLC separation. The advantages of the combined techniques are described as bellow: HPLC is used to separate the long-lived complex trapped radicals derived from reaction of short-lived radicals with spin trap. ESR spectra from single trapped radicals, obtained following HPLC separation of complex trapped radicals, are recorded one by one and well resolved. The structures of short-lived radicals can be inferred from the ESR spectra of the long-lived trapped radicals

Scavenging of free-radical metabolites of aniline xenobiotics and drugs by amino acid derivatives: toxicological implications of radical-transfer reactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Michail, Karim; Baghdasarian, Argishti; Narwaley, Malyaj; Aljuhani, Naif; Siraki, Arno G

2013-12-16

We investigated a novel scavenging mechanism of arylamine free radicals by poly- and monoaminocarboxylates. Free radicals of arylamine xenobiotics and drugs did not react with oxygen in peroxidase-catalyzed reactions; however, they showed marked oxygen uptake in the presence of an aminocarboxylate. These free-radical intermediates were identified using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a polyaminocarboxylate, caused a concentration-dependent attenuation of N-centered radicals produced by the peroxidative metabolism of arylamines with the subsequent formation of secondary aliphatic carbon-centered radicals stemming from the cosubstrate molecule. Analogously, N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) and N-methyliminodiacetate (MIDA), but not iminodiacetic acid (IDA), demonstrated a similar scavenging effect of arylamine-derived free radicals in a horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 system. Using human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell lysate as a model of human neutrophils, DTPA, MIDA, and DMG readily reduced anilinium cation radicals derived from the arylamines and gave rise to the corresponding carbon radicals. The rate of peroxidase-triggered polymerization of aniline was studied as a measure of nitrogen-radical scavenging. Although, IDA had no effect on the rate of aniline polymerization, this was almost nullified in the presence of DTPA and MIDA at half of the molar concentration of the aniline substrate, whereas a 20 molar excess of DMPO caused only a partial inhibition. Furthermore, the yield of formaldehyde, a specific reaction endproduct of the oxidation of aminocarboxylates by aniline free-radical metabolites, was quantitatively determined. Azobenzene, a specific reaction product of peroxidase-catalyzed free-radical dimerization of aniline, was fully abrogated in the presence of DTPA, as confirmed by GC/MS. Under aerobic conditions, a radical-transfer reaction

Contaminación atmosférica, asma bronquial e infecciones respiratorias agudas en menores de edad, de La Habana Air pollution, bronchial asthma, and acute respirator and infections in children less years of age, Habana City

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Manuel Romero-Placeres

2004-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación que guardan las consultas de urgencias por enfermedades respiratorias agudas, crisis agudas de asma bronquial e infecciones respiratorias agudas, con los cambios diarios en los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, en menores de 14 años de edad que fueron atendidos en dos centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de La Habana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series de tiempo durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 1996 y el 11 marzo de 1998. Se estudió la asociación entre la presencia de crisis agudas de asma bronquial, infecciones respiratorias agudas y enfermedades respiratorias agudas por un lado, y la exposición a niveles de partículas menores de 10 µg/m³ (PM10, humo y dióxido de azufre (SO2, por otro; asimismo, se construyeron modelos con la técnica de regresión binomial negativa, para estudiar periodos de latencia de 1 a 5 días y el efecto acumulado de siete días, previos a las consultas de urgencia. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, por lo general, resultaron bajos, ya que el promedio de 24 horas para PM10, humo y SO2 fue de 59.2 µg/m³ (DE=29.2, 27.7 µg/m³ (DE=21.2 y 21.1 µg/m³ (DE=20.1, respectivamente. Un incremento de 20 µg/m³ en el promedio diario de humo se relacionó con un incremento de 2.2% (IC 95% 0.9-3.6 en el número de consultas de urgencias por crisis agudas de asma bronquial. Un incremento de 20 µg/m³ en el promedio diario de humo y de SO2 se relacionó con un incremento en las infecciones respiratorias agudas de 2.4% (95% CI 1.2-3.6 y 5% (95% CI 1.3-5.3, respectivamente, con un retraso de cinco días. Además, se presentó un efecto acumulado en todos los contaminantes estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados sugieren que los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos en la ciudad de La Habana afectan la salud respiratoria de los niños, por lo que se requiere de la aplicación de medidas de control, en particular

Cirurgia conservadora da endocardite bacteriana aguda da valva tricúspide Conservative operation for bacterial endocardites of the tricuspide valve

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Iseu Affonso da Costa

1988-08-01

Full Text Available É relatado o caso de 1 paciente que apresentou endocardite aguda da valva tricúspide pós-aborto, cujo agente causal era o S. aureus. Como não houvesse resposta favorável ao tratamento antibiótico (gentamicina, vancomicina e oxacilina, optou-se pela intervenção, vinte dias após a internação. Foi praticada excisão de uma vegetação única e do tecido valvar adjacente, na comissura ântero-posterior e plicatura anular. O resultado foi favorável, com cura clínica. O exame ecocardiográfico confirmou a presença da vegetação no pré-operatório e o funcionamento conservado da valva, após a plastia. O tratamento cirúrgico, com retirada do tecido infectado e preservação da valva constitui uma alternativa aplicável a certos casos de endocardite aguda das valvas atrioventriculares.One case of acute bacterial endocarditis of the tricuspid valve caused by S. aureus and following a septic abortion is presented. Surgical treatment was indicated after failure of antibiotics. Operation consisted of excision of a large vegetation adherent to the anterior and posterior cusps at the commisure and of the affected valvar tissue. Annular plicature at the segment corresponding to the posterior cuspid was employed to maintain competence. Clinical result was very satisfactory with resolution of sepsis. Dopplerecocardiography revealed the presence of the vegetation before the operation and showed a small regurgitation after valvoplasty. Conservative operation upon the atrioventricular valves must be kept in mind as an alternative in the treatment of acute bacterial endocarditis.

Estado nutricional como fator prognóstico em crianças portadoras de Leucemia Linfocítica Aguda

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Borim Leila N. B.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de conhecer a frequência de desnutrição proteico-calórica ao diagnóstico e avaliar a sua importância na evolução clínica de crianças portadoras de Leucemia Linfocítica Aguda, com idades inferiores a quinze anos, estudamos trinta e oito crianças com Leucemia Linfocítica Aguda e sem tratamento prévio, atendidas no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto-SP, no período de Setembro/89 a Dezembro/97. Entre as crianças, 63,2% eram do sexo masculino e 36,8% do sexo feminino (1,7:1,0, a faixa etária predominante foi de cinco a nove anos (44,8%, seguida daquela entre um e quatro anos (36,8%, superscript three 10 anos (10,5% e menores de um ano (7,9%. Ao diagnóstico, 52,7% eram eutróficos e 47,3% desnutridos (escore Z. Os índices nutricionais avaliados foram peso/estatura, estatura/idade e peso/idade e 21%, 34,2% e 31,5% deles, respectivamente, estavam abaixo da normalidade. Foi observada uma alta frequência de desnutrição ao diagnóstico. Porém, na avaliação do estado nutricional, entre os pacientes vivos e não-vivos, a presença de desnutrição não foi estatisticamente significativa. Este estudo reforçou a evidência da necessidade de estabelecer uma rotina de avaliação nutricional ao diagnóstico, bem como, a presença de um profissional especializado em nutrição, numa unidade de oncologia pediátrica.

Apendicite aguda: achados na tomografia computadorizada - ensaio iconográfico Acute appendicitis: computed tomography findings - an iconographic essay

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Marcelo Eustáquio Montandon Júnior

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A apendicite aguda é a causa mais comum de dor abdominal aguda que requer intervenção cirúrgica no mundo ocidental. O diagnóstico precoce é essencial para minimizar a morbidade da doença. O uso dos métodos de imagem significou grande avanço no diagnóstico desta entidade, até então avaliada apenas com base na história clínica, exame físico e dados laboratoriais, haja vista que 20% a 33% dos pacientes apresentam sintomas atípicos. O diagnóstico é mais difícil nas crianças, nos idosos e nas mulheres em idade fértil. Os principais métodos de imagem para sua avaliação são a ultra-sonografia e a tomografia computadorizada. Os objetivos deste trabalho são: descrever a fisiopatologia da doença, comentar os principais aspectos técnicos da tomografia computadorizada, demonstrar e ilustrar os achados tomográficos e citar os principais diagnósticos diferenciais.Acute appendicitis is the most important cause of abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention in the Western world. The early diagnosis of this disease is of paramount relevance for minimizing its morbidity. Imaging methods have represented a huge progress in the diagnosis of this entity, which used to be based essentially on clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests results, considering that 20% to 33% of patients present with atypical symptoms. Diagnostic difficulty is higher in children, the elderly, and women in childbearing age. The main imaging methods for evaluation of acute appendicitis are ultrasound and computed tomography. The present study is aimed at describing the disease physiopathology, commenting main computed tomography technical aspects, demonstrating and illustrating tomographic findings, and describing main differential diagnoses.

Reactions of carbonate radical with cobalt(II) aminopolycarboxylates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mandal, P.C.; Bardhan, D.K.; Bhattacharyya, S.N.

1992-01-01

Reactions of carbonate (CO 3 - radical) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 radical) radicals generated by photolysis of a carbonate or bicarbonate solution at pH 11.2 and 8.5, respectively, with Co(II) complexes of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been studied. The rate constants for the reactions were in the order of 10 6 -10 7 dm 3 mol -1 s -1 . From the time-resolved spectroscopy of the products formed after reaction of CO 3 - radical or HCO 3 radical, it is observed that CO 3 - radical or HCO 3 radical oxidize the metal center to its higher oxidation state. (author) 26 refs.; 2 figs.; 1 tab

La Proteína C reactiva como predictor de la evolución de la neumopatía aguda comunitaria

OpenAIRE

De Los Santos, Ernesto; Quijano, Ana Laura; Castrillón, Carolina; Grille, Sofía; Frugon, Fiorella; Mariño, Nicolás

2013-01-01

La Proteína C reactiva es un biomarcador sensible, específico y buen predictor del fracaso terapéutico de las neumonías. A nivel mundial hay posturas controversiales sobre su utilidad. En nuestro medio no hay estudios reportados al respecto. El propósito de nuestro trabajo fue intentar predecir la evolución de la neumonía aguda comunitaria (NAC). A todos los pacientes con diagnostico de NAC ingresados al Hospital Español durante junio y julio de 2012 se les dosificó los niveles de PcR a las 2...

Self-Terminating, Oxidative Radical Cyclizations

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Uta Wille

2004-05-01

Full Text Available The recently discovered novel concept of self-terminating, oxidative radical cyclizations, through which alkynes can be converted into carbonyl compounds under very mild reaction conditions using O-centered inorganic and organic radicals as oxidants, is described

Insuficiência Hepática Aguda da Gravidez Experiência Clínica com Sete Casos Acute Liver Failure of Pregnancy ¾ Clinical Experience with Seven Cases

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Marcelo Perosa

2001-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: avaliar a dificuldade diagnóstica, o tratamento e seu resultado em casos de insuficiência hepática aguda da gravidez. Métodos: sete pacientes com insuficiência hepática aguda da gravidez admitidas em nosso Serviço nos últimos quatro anos foram estudadas com ênfase nos sintomas presentes, achados laboratoriais, curso clínico, complicações maternas e sobrevida fetal. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 25,8 anos (sendo duas primigestas com idade gestacional média de 30,1. Destas, quatro receberam diagnóstico final de esteatose hepática aguda da gravidez e três de colestase intra-hepática da gravidez. Os principais sinais e sintomas encontrados foram: anorexia, náusea, dor abdominal, icterícia e encefalopatia. Ocorreu morte materna em dois casos: uma paciente por falência hepática enquanto aguardava órgão para transplante e outra por falência hepática, coagulopatia grave e choque hemorrágico após biópsia hepática. Uma paciente com esteatose hepática aguda evoluiu para cronicidade e encontra-se viva um ano após transplante hepático. Nos quatro casos restantes houve completa remissão do quadro com as medidas de suporte, associadas à interrupção da gravidez. As mortalidades materna e fetal foram, respectivamente, 28,6% e 57,1%. Conclusões: concluiu-se, nesta experiência inicial, que a insuficiência hepática aguda da gravidez constitui evento clínico grave, de elevada mortalidade materno-fetal, e que seu pronto reconhecimento e encaminhamento para centros terciários especializados em fígado, além da imediata interrupção da gestação, são fatores decisivos para o sucesso do tratamento.Purpose: to evaluate the diagnostic difficulties, treatment and outcome in cases of acute liver failure of pregnancy. Methods: seven patients with acute liver failure of pregnancy, managed during the past 4 years, were studied with emphasis on presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical course, maternal

Leucemias agudas en ancianos de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba

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Lidia Clara Suárez Beyríes

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 64 pacientes mayores de 60 años con leucemia aguda, atendidos en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el quinquenio 2006-2011, para determinar las principales características clínicas y hematológicas en el momento del diagnóstico, así como la supervivencia global de los afectados, aunque los tratamientos administrados no tenían criterio curativo. La edad promedio de los ancianos fue de 70 años, en un rango etario de 60 a 90; en tanto, la variedad no linfoblástica representó 98,4 %, y todos los pacientes presentaron anemia y trombocitopenia como alteraciones hematológicas, con incremento en los requerimientos transfusionales. De igual forma, la presencia de blastos en la sangre periférica se demostró en 50 % y la hiperleucocitosis en 59,4 %, mientras las principales causas de muerte estuvieron relacionadas con la hemorragia cerebral y la progresión de la enfermedad con la infiltración multiorgánica, lo cual condujo a una supervivencia muy corta de los integrantes de la serie

Lesão pulmonar aguda associada à transfusão Transfusion-related acute lung injury

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Antonio Fabron Junior

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Lesão pulmonar aguda associada à transfusão (transfusion-related acute lung injury, TRALI é uma complicação clínica grave relacionada à transfusão de hemocomponentes que contêm plasma. Recentemente, TRALI foi considerada a principal causa de morte associada à transfusão nos Estados Unidos e Reino Unido. É manifestada tipicamente por dispnéia, hipoxemia, hipotensão, febre e edema pulmonar não cardiogênico, que ocorre durante ou dentro de 6 h, após completada a transfusão. Embora o exato mecanismo não tenha sido totalmente elucidado, postula-se que TRALI esteja associada à infusão de anticorpos contra antígenos leucocitários (classes I ou II ou aloantígenos específicos de neutrófilos e a mediadores biologicamente ativos presentes em componentes celulares estocados. A maioria dos doadores implicados em casos da TRALI são mulheres multíparas. TRALI, além de ser pouco diagnosticada, pode ainda ser confundida com outras situações de insuficiência respiratória aguda. Um melhor conhecimento sobre TRALI pode ser crucial na prevenção e tratamento desta severa complicação transfusional.Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI is a serious clinical syndrome associated with the transfusion of plasma-containing blood components. Recently, TRALI has come to be recognized as the leading cause of transfusion-related death in the United States and United Kingdom. This complication typically presents as shortness of breath, hypoxemia, hypotension, fever and noncardiogeneic pulmonary edema, all occurring during or within 6 h after transfusion. Although the mechanism of TRALI has not been fully elucidated, it has been associated with human leukocyte antigen antibodies (class I, class II or neutrophil alloantigens and with biologically active mediators in stored cellular blood components. Most of the donors implicated in cases of TRALI are multiparous women. Rarely diagnosed, TRALI can be confused with other causes of acute

Oxidation of aromatic amines and diamines by OH radicals. Formation and ionization constants of amine cation radicals in water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayon, E.; Rao, P.S.

1975-01-01

The one-electron oxidation by hydroxyl radicals of aromatic amines and diamines in water was studied using the fast-reaction technique of pulse radiolysis and kinetic absorption spectrophotometry. The following compounds were examined: N,N,N 1 ,N 1 - tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), p-phenylenediamine (PD), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamene (DMPD), N,N,N 1 ,N 1 -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and diphenylamine (DPA). The main initial reaction of the OH radicals is suggested to be an addition to these compounds to give absorption spectra which absorb strongly in the visible and uv regions. These OH radical adducts decay by first-order kinetics and have lifetimes of approximately 5-50 μsec, dependent on the pH, buffer concentration, and the nature of the aromatic amines and diamines. They decay to give species with somewhat similar absorption spectra and extinction coefficients, which are very long lived in the absence of oxygen. The latter species are assigned to the cation radicals TMPD. + , PD. + , DMPD. + , TMB. + , and DPA. + . The OH radical adducts and the cation radicals have acid-base properties. The pK/sub a/ values of the cation radicals TMPDH. 2+ , PDH. 2+ , DMPDH. 2+ , TMBH. 2+ , and DPAH. 2+ were found to be 5.3, 5.9, 6.1, 5.1, and 4.2, respectively. The results indicate that these aromatic amines and diamines can be oxidized by free radicals to yield the corresponding cation radicals. (U.S.)

Consumo alimentar e estresse em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda

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Evelise Helena Fadini Reis Brunori

2015-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivo:Avaliar se o consumo alimentar de pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA segue as recomendações nacionais e internacionais e se existe relação com níveis de estresseMétodo:Estudo transversal com 150 pacientes com SCA que foram entrevistados utilizando-se os Questionários de Frequência Alimentar e Escala de Estresse Percebido-10.Resultados:Consumo diário acima das recomendações: colesterol (92%, fi bras (42,7% e proteínas (68%; consumo abaixo das recomendações: potássio (88% e carboidratos (68,7%; consumo conforme recomendações: sódio (53,3% e lípides (53,3%. A maioria (54% com consumo alimentar inadequado era estressada ou altamente estressada. Houve associação estatisticamente signifi cante entre menor nível de estresse e maior consumo de fibras.Conclusão:Em pacientes com SCA, o consumo alimentar esteve fora do recomendado pelas diretrizes e o menor consumo de fibras ocorre concomitantemente com maior estresse. Esforços educativos podem instrumentalizar os pacientes na adequação do consumo alimentar e no controle do estresse.

Near-Infrared Free-Radical and Free-Radical-Promoted Cationic Photopolymerizations by In-Source Lighting Using Upconverting Glass.

Science.gov (United States)

Kocaarslan, Azra; Tabanli, Sevcan; Eryurek, Gonul; Yagci, Yusuf

2017-11-13

A method is presented for the initiation of free-radical and free-radical-promoted cationic photopolymerizations by in-source lighting in the near-infrared (NIR) region using upconverting glass (UCG). This approach utilizes laser irradiation of UCG at 975 nm in the presence of fluorescein (FL) and pentamethyldiethylene triamine (PMDETA). FL excited by light emitted from the UCG undergoes electron-transfer reactions with PMDETA to form free radicals capable of initiating polymerization of methyl methacrylate. To execute the corresponding free-radical-promoted cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, isobutyl vinyl ether, and N-vinyl carbazole, it was necessary to use FL, dimethyl aniline (DMA), and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate as sensitizer, coinitiator, and oxidant, respectively. Iodonium ions promptly oxidize DMA radicals formed to the corresponding cations. Thus, cationic polymerization with efficiency comparable to the conventional irradiation source was achieved. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

OH radical induced depolymerization of poly(methacrylic acid)

Science.gov (United States)

Ulanski, Piotr; Bothe, Eberhard; von Sonntag, Clemens

1999-05-01

Hydroxyl radicals (generated pulse radiolytically in dilute N 2O-saturated aqueous solutions) react with poly(methacrylic acid) producing two kinds of radicals. The primary radical is converted into a secondary one by H-abstraction ( k=3.5 × 10 2 s -1) as monitored by changes in the UV spectrum. Subsequently, the secondary radicals undergo chain scission ( k=1.8 s -1 at pH 7-9). This process has been followed both by spectrophotometry as well as by conductometry. In competition with the bimolecular decay of the radicals the ensuing end-chain radicals undergo efficient depolymerization resulting in the release of monomer. Since the lifetime of the radicals is much longer at high pH, where the polymer attains a rod-like conformation, depolymerization is most efficient in basic solution.

Electron spin resonance study of radicals in irradiated polyethylene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimura, Takashi

1979-02-01

In order to elucidate radiation effect in polyethylene, the nature and behavior of radicals produced in polyethylene and the model compound of polyethylene irradiated at 77 0 K were studied by using electron spin resonance. The structure of radical pairs, which are composed of two radicals produced very closely each other, was investigated in drawn polyethylene and the single crystal of n-eicosane. The radical pairs of intrachain type and interchain type were found in polyethylene and n-eicosane respectively. It was suggested that these two types of radical pairs are the precursors of double bonds and crosslinks respectively. The thermal decay reactions of radicals themselves produced in irradiated polyethylene were investigated. It was made clear that the short range distances between two radicals play an important role in the decay reaction of alkyl radicals at low temperatures. The trapping regions of radicals were studied and it was clarified that allyl radicals, which are produced by the reaction of alkyl radicals with double bonds, are trapped both in the crystalline and non-crystalline regions. (author)

Redox properties of free radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neta, P.

1981-01-01

Results of electron transfer reactions observed and monitored by pulse radiolysis are reported. This technique allows determination of the first one-electron reduction or oxidation of a compound rather than the overall two-electron transfer usually reported. Pulse radiolysis allows the determination of absolute rate constants for reactions of free radicals and helps elucidate the mechanisms involved. Studies using this technique to study radicals derived from quinones, nitro compounds, pyridines, phenols, and anilines are reported. Radicals of biochemical interest arising from riboflavin, ascorbic acid, vitamin K 3 , vitamin E, MAD + , porphyrins, etc. have also been studied

Hot wire radicals and reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Wengang; Gallagher, Alan

2006-01-01

Threshold ionization mass spectroscopy is used to measure radical (and stable gas) densities at the substrate of a tungsten hot wire (HW) reactor. We report measurements of the silane reaction probability on the HW and the probability of Si and H release from the HW. We describe a model for the atomic H release, based on the H 2 dissociation model. We note major variations in silicon-release, with dependence on prior silane exposure. Measured radical densities versus silane pressure yield silicon-silane and H-silane reaction rate coefficients, and the dominant radical fluxes to the substrate

Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylenedithio-MPTTF-PTM Radical Dyad as a Potential Neutral Radical Conductor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Souto, Manuel; Bendixen, Dan; Jensen, Morten

2016-01-01

During the last years there has been a high interest in the development of new purely-organic single-component conductors. Very recently, we have reported a new neutral radical conductor based on the perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical moiety linked to a monopyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF...

Estudo epidemiológico e avaliação de fatores de risco da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii e achados clinico-patológicos da infecção aguda em cães admitidos em um Hospital Escola Veterinário

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Angelita D. Strital

Full Text Available RESUMO: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a prevalência e respectivos fatores de risco para infecção do Toxoplasma gondii em cães provenientes de uma população hospitalar. Além disso, avaliou-se as taxas de ocorrência e as repercussões clínico-patológicas da infecção aguda pelo T. gondii nesses animais. Anticorpos foram detectados em 7% (26/386 da população estudada, composta de 386 cães de ambos os sexos e diferentes raças e idades. Somente as variáveis, ingestão de vísceras, origem rural e contato com bovinos apresentaram valores significativos com p<0.05. Adicionalmente os cães de origem rural apresentaram maiores risco (OD=7.00 de infecção do que aqueles de origem urbana. Em 6,5% (25/386 foram detectados títulos de contato (entre 16 e 256; esses títulos não significam necessariamente infecção aguda e sim apenas exposição prévia. É de fundamental importância o reconhecimento da infecção prévia por T. gondii nesses pacientes hospitalares. Dependendo da causa da admissão, mesmo não sendo a toxoplasmose a responsável, o paciente deve receber o tratamento anti-protozoário profilaticamente ou ser monitorado para posterior tratamento em caso de reagudização da enfermidade por recrudescência dos bradizoítos encistados. Apenas um animal (3.44%, 1/386 foi admitido com titulação elevada, o qual pode ser sugestivo de infecção aguda (titulo de 4096. Embora o animal com infecção aguda tenha sido apresentado com sinais neurológicos, cautela é necessária para não extrapolar uma falsa interpretação que a toxoplasmose é a grande responsável por quadros neurológico, uma vez que inúmeros outros casos incluídos nesse estudo tinham manifestações neurológicas e não tinham títulos de infecção aguda, nem mesmo título de contato prévio. A toxoplasmose aguda não foi uma afecção clínica expressiva nessa ambiência hospitalar, no entanto diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito nos pacientes

Dacriocistitis aguda neonatal (1996-2005 Acute neonatal dacryocystitis

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Zoila del S López Díaz

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo en diez años (1996-2005, de todos los neonatos cuyo motivo de ingreso en nuestra Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales fue ser portadores de dacriocistitis aguda. Se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: incidencia 0,04 c/ 100 ingresos. Predominio: edades entre 7-27días (sepsis tardía, sexo femenino 66,6 %, nacidos de embarazos a término y con buen peso al nacer 100 %. Etiología no precisada 83,3 %. Tratamiento utilizado: antibioticoterapia (penicilina + gentacina, 4 pacientes, 66,6 %, (unasyn, 1 paciente, 16,6 %, (amoxicilina + unasyn + gentamicina, 1 paciente, 16,6 %; uso de inmunoglobulina humana en 2 pacientes. Complicaciones: celulitis facial y periorbitaria 66,6 %; absceso periorbitario 33,3 %; fiebre (33,3 % y obstrucción nasal 16,6 %. Evolución satisfactoria con seguimiento por Oftalmología después del egreso hospitalario, en 100 % de los casosA retrospective longitudinal study of all neonates admitted to our Intensive Care Unit because they suffered from acute dacryocystitis was performed for 10 years (1996-2005. The results were as follows: incidence rate of 0,04 per 100 admissions; prevalence: 7-27d age groups (late sepsis, females with 66,6%; neonates born to term pregnancies and with good birthweight in 100%. Inaccurate etiology in 83,3 %. Treatment: antibiotic therapy (penicilline + gentamycin in 4 paients, 66,6%, (unasyn, one patient, 16,6 %, (amoxycillin + unasyn +gentamycin, 1 patient, 16.6 %. Use of human immunoglobulin in 2 patients. Complications: facial and periorbital cellulitis, 66,6%; periorbital abscess 33,3 %; fever (33,3 % and nasal obstruction (16,6 %. Satisfactory recovery with ophtalmological follow-up after discharge from hospital in 100 % of cases

Free radicals trapped in polyethylene matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimada, S.; Maeda, M.; Hori, Y.; Kashiwabara, H.

1977-01-01

Two types of alkyl radicals were found to be trapped in irradiated crystals grown from polyethylene solution. One of them corresponds to the broad sextet pattern of the e.s.r. spectrum and the other corresponds to the sharp sextet pattern. The free radicals attributed to the broad sextet began to disappear at a lower temperature than the temperature at which the free radicals attributed to the sharp sextet disappeared. When butadiene molecules were brought into contact with the specimen, the decay of the free radicals corresponding to the broad sextet was accelerated. When the specimen was subjected to fuming nitric acid treatment, no broad sextet was observed. The mat of the crystals was aligned so that the c-axes of its crystallites were perpendicular to its surface. The broad sextet showed no anisotropy when the angle between the direction of applied magnetic field and that of the c-axis of the crystallite was varied. On the other hand, the sharp component of the spectrum showed apparent anisotropy. It can be concluded that the broad component comes from the free radicals trapped in the lamellar surface and the sharp component is attributed to the free radicals trapped in the inner part of the crystallite. (author)

The role of melanin as protector against free radicals in skin and its role as free radical indicator in hair

Science.gov (United States)

Herrling, Thomas; Jung, Katinka; Fuchs, Jürgen

2008-05-01

Throughout the body, melanin is a homogenous biological polymer containing a population of intrinsic, semiquinone-like radicals. Additional extrinsic free radicals are reversibly photo-generated by UV and visible light. Melanin photochemistry, particularly the formation and decay of extrinsic radicals, has been the subject of numerous electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy studies. Several melanin monomers exist, and the predominant monomer in a melanin polymer depends on its location within an organism. In skin and hair, melanin differs in content of eumelanin or pheomelanin. Its bioradical character and its susceptibility to UV irradiation makes melanin an excellent indicator for UV-related processes in both skin and hair. The existence of melanin in skin is strongly correlated with the prevention against free radicals/ROS generated by UV radiation. Especially in the skin melanin (mainly eumelanin) ensures the only natural UV protection by eliminating the generated free radicals/ROS. Melanin in hair can be used as a free radical detector for evaluating the efficacy of hair care products. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of melanin as protector of skin against UV generated free radicals and as free radical indicator in hair.

Influência da criação de um serviço de tratamento da dor aguda nos custos e no consumo de drogas analgésicas na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica

OpenAIRE

Gomes,Marcos Emanuel Wortmann; Evangelista,Paulo Ernani; Mendes,Florentino Fernandes

2003-01-01

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Sabe-se que a dor aguda pós-operatória apresenta grande influência na evolução dos pacientes cirúrgicos. Mobilização precoce, menor tempo de hospitalização, diminuição de custos e maior satisfação são resultados do adequado manuseio da dor. Observa-se uma tendência mundial ao surgimento de serviços especializados no tratamento da dor pós-operatória. O presente estudo visa descrever a influência da criação de um serviço de tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória nos c...

Fatores de risco para internação por doença respiratória aguda em crianças até um ano de idade Risk factors for acute respiratory disease hospitalization in children under one year of age

OpenAIRE

Silvia Elaine Cardozo Macedo; Ana Maria Baptista Menezes; Elaine Albernaz; Paulo Post; Marli Knorst

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores de risco para hospitalização por doença respiratória aguda em crianças até um ano de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo de casos e controles na cidade de Pelotas, RS. Os casos foram crianças de até um ano de idade, que se hospitalizaram por doença respiratória aguda, de agosto de 1997 a julho de 1998. Os controles foram crianças da comunidade, da mesma idade, sem hospitalização prévia por essa doença. Um questionário investigando exposição a fatores de risco foi aplicado às mães...

Fibrilação atrial, infarto agudo do miocárdio e oclusão arterial aguda em paciente jovem com hipertireoidismo

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Fabrício Thebit Bortolon

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Relato de caso de paciente jovem com hipertireoidismo não diagnosticado, apresentando quadro de fibrilação atrial, infarto agudo do miocárdio e oclusão arterial aguda de perna direita. Submetido à trombólise, embolectomia e iniciado tratamento para hipertireoidismo com tapazol. A evolução foi satisfatória, com reversão da alteração eletrocardiográfica isquêmica, melhora dos sintomas de oclusão arterial, controle do ritmo cardíaco e da função tireoidiana.

Free radicals generated by radiolysis of aqueous solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwarz, H.A.

1981-01-01

The free radicals produced in the radiolysis of aqueous solutions span the range of redox potentials from -2.9 to +2.65 volts. The identity and nature of these radicals were discussed. Most of the discussion was results obtained with low LET radiation sources ( 60 Co gamma radiation or electron accelerators). Water radiolysis provides the synthesis of many radicals and radical ions in aqueous solution. The primary radicals, e/sub aq/ - H, OH, are well characterized. The radical population can be made to be 90% pure OH (or O - ) if N 2 O solutions are irradiated, the remaining 10% being H atoms. 55% of the radicals can be converted to H atoms in acid solution or in neutral phosphate solutions(e/sub aq/ - reacts with H 2 PO 4- to produce H). The remaining 45% (OH radicals) are difficult to convert to H by reaction with H 2 , due to the slow rate of the reaction. About 100 atmospheres of H 2 are required to do the conversion in less than 10 - 6 sec. 3 figures, 3 tables. (DP)

Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas em crianças e adolescentes com leucemia aguda: experiência de duas instituições Brasileiras Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents with acute leukemia: experience of two Brazilian institutions

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Juliane Morando

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TCTH é o tratamento de escolha para leucemias agudas de alto risco. Apesar da melhora na sobrevida destes pacientes, a recidiva continua sendo a maior causa de óbito pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os resultados dos transplantes realizados em crianças com leucemia aguda em duas instituições brasileiras. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de 208 pacientes transplantados entre 1990-2007. Mediana de idade: 9 anos; 119 pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA e 89 com leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA. Doença precoce: CR1 e CR2. Doença avançada: >CR3, doença refratária ou recidivada. Noventa pacientes vivos entre 258-6.068 dias (M:1.438, com sobrevida global (SG de 45% (3 anos e a sobrevida livre de recaída (SLR 39% (três anos. 14/195 pacientes tiveram falha primária de pega (8%. Não houve diferença na sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída entre pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda e leucemia mieloide aguda, entre transplantes aparentados e não aparentados, tampouco entre as fontes de células utilizadas. O desenvolvimento da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH aguda ou crônica também não influenciou a sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída. Pacientes com leucemia linfoide aguda condicionados com irradiação corporal total (TBI apresentaram melhor sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recaída (pHematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation (HSCT is the treatment of choice for patients with high-risk leukemia. In spite of this, relapse remains a major cause of death of these patients. Our objective was to analyze the outcomes of patients with acute leukemia submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in two Brazilian institutions. A retrospective study of 208 patients transplanted between 1990 and 2007 with a median age of 9 years (range: 1-18 years was made. One hundred and nineteen patients had

Radical carbonylations using a continuous microflow system

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Takahide Fukuyama

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Radical-based carbonylation reactions of alkyl halides were conducted in a microflow reactor under pressurized carbon monoxide gas. Good to excellent yields of carbonylated products were obtained via radical formylation, carbonylative cyclization and three-component coupling reactions, using tributyltin hydride or TTMSS as a radical mediator.

Radical-Mediated Enzymatic Polymerizations

Science.gov (United States)

Zavada, Scott R.; Battsengel, Tsatsral; Scott, Timothy F.

2016-01-01

Polymerization reactions are commonly effected by exposing monomer formulations to some initiation stimulus such as elevated temperature, light, or a chemical reactant. Increasingly, these polymerization reactions are mediated by enzymes―catalytic proteins―owing to their reaction efficiency under mild conditions as well as their environmental friendliness. The utilization of enzymes, particularly oxidases and peroxidases, for generating radicals via reduction-oxidation mechanisms is especially common for initiating radical-mediated polymerization reactions, including vinyl chain-growth polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, thiol–ene step-growth polymerization, and polymerization via oxidative coupling. While enzyme-mediated polymerization is useful for the production of materials intended for subsequent use, it is especially well-suited for in situ polymerizations, where the polymer is formed in the place where it will be utilized. Such polymerizations are especially useful for biomedical adhesives and for sensing applications. PMID:26848652

Leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA secundária à trombocitemia essencial (TE: um relato de caso

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Marcelo Gil Cliquet

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A trombocitemia essencial é classificada como pertencente ao grupo de distúrbios mieloproliferativos clássicos BCR/ABL negativos. A progressão para leucemia aguda é rara (<2% e é considerada, na maioria das vezes, no contexto da terapia leucemogênica. A transformação em leucemia pode demorar de 1,7 a 16 anos. Relato de caso: Paciente de 56 anos, do sexo feminino. Apresentou plaquetose de 655.000/mm3. Foram afastadas causas reacionais de plaquetose e solicitados exames como mutação da JAK2 (V617F presente, biópsia de medula óssea e cariótipo (Ph1 negativo, que mostraram-se compatíveis com diagnóstico de Trombocitemia Essencial. Em 2008 foi iniciado tratamento com Hidroxiureia mas a pedido da paciente houve mudança para Anagrelide. Como o controle com esse medicamento foi inadequado (plaquetose chegando a 1.000.000/mm3, foi reiniciando tratamento com Hidroxiureia, obtendo-se boa resposta, apesar do uso irregular.Em Maio de 2015 retornou ao serviço com hemograma de Março apresentando anemia (11,5g/dl, neutrófilos no limite inferior (1617/mm3 e plaquetas de 285.000/mm3. Apesar da suspensão da hydroxiureia por 1 semana, evoluiu com piora do hemograma, passando a apresentar pancitopenia. Foi solicitada avaliação de medula, resultando em diagnóstico de Leucemia Mielóide Aguda do tipo M6 com características de Síndrome Mieloproliferativa Crônica e de Síndrome Mielodisplasica e 20% de blastos Paciente veio a óbito por sangramentos e sepse após o primeiro ciclo. Conclusão: Apesar de pouco frequente, a transformação da Trombocitemia Essencial pode ocorrer e a observação constante desses pacientes deve sempre procurar alterações que possam sugerir esta complicação.

Avaliação da toxicidade aguda e potencial neurotóxico do óleo-resina de copaíba (Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Fabaceae

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Camile Giaretta Sachetti

Full Text Available O óleo-resina de copaíba obtido do gênero Copaifera L., Fabaceae, é largamente utilizado na medicina popular como antiinflamatório, antimicrobiano e antitumoral. Porém, informações sobre seu potencial tóxico são escassos na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a toxicidade oral aguda e os possíveis efeitos neurotóxicos relacionados à ingestão do óleo-resina de Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Fabaceae, em ratas Wistar. O estudo foi conduzido com quinze ratas nulíparas distribuídas nos grupos de doses 300 e 2000 mg/kg pc de óleo-resina administrado por gavagem. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que nestas doses não houve sinais clínicos de toxicidade ou neurotoxicidade, alteração no consumo de ração ou alteração no peso corpóreo. A dose letal aguda foi estimada como maior que 2000 mg/kg pc e classificada como categoria 5, segundo o Guia OECD 423. Estes resultados indicam que existe uma relativa margem de segurança para o uso do óleo-resina de copaíba como agente terapêutico, embora estudos toxicológicos adicionais sejam ainda necessários, principalmente com a administração repetida de baixas doses.

Allylthioketone Mediated Free Radical Polymerization of Methacrylates

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Feng Zhong

2017-11-01

Full Text Available By combination of high trapping free radical efficiency of the thioketone and resonance of the allylic radical, a new type of mediating agent, 1,3,3-triphenylprop-2-ene-1-thione (TPPT has been successfully synthesized, and then is used to study controlled free radical polymerization of methacrylates. Very stable TPPT radicals at the end of poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA are detected in the polymerization of MMA using TPPT and AIBN as the control agent and initiator. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra are used to identify terminal groups of the resultant poly(glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA, and major component of the obtained polymer has the structure, (CH32(CNC-PGMA-C7H9O3. Chain extension reaction tests ascertain formation of the dead polymers during the polymer storage and purification process of the polymers. Owing to very slow fragmentation reaction of the TPPT-terminated polymethacrylate radical and addition reaction of this radical with a primary radical, the growing chain radicals are difficult to be regenerated, leading to an unobvious change of the molecular weight with monomer conversion. The molecular weights of polymers can be controlled by the ratios of monomer/initiator and TPPT/initiator. However, the first order kinetics of the polymerization and the polymers with narrow polydispersity are obtained, and these phenomena are discussed. This study provides useful information on how to design a better controlling agent.

Colangiopancreatografía magnética: valor diagnóstico para detectar coledocolitiasis en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda leve

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Geanny Mogollón Reyes

Full Text Available Introducción: la pancreatitis aguda (PA es una enfermedad clínica común que puede ser desde leve hasta fatal. En el 40 % de los casos es de origen biliar, y es causada por una obstrucción de la ampolla de Váter por barro biliar o por cálculos. En el diagnóstico de la pancreatitis aguda de origen biliar (PAB se emplean métodos invasivos como la colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE, la cual se asocia a morbilidad y mortalidad, y métodos no invasivos como la colangiopancreatografía magnética (CRM, que emerge como modalidad diagnóstica en los centros de tercer y cuarto nivel de complejidad. Métodos: se evaluaron las características diagnósticas de la CRM a través de los registros históricos de pacientes que ingresaron a un hospital universitario de nivel IV a los que se les realizó CRM y CPRE. Esta última fue considerada el método de referencia para la evaluación. Resultados: Para la CRM se determinó una sensibilidad del 97 % y una especificidad del 44 % para la detección de coledocolitiasis, con un valor predictivo positivo de 0,35 y un valor predictivo negativo de 0,99. Algunos de estos resultados son inferiores a los documentados en la bibliografía mundial. Conclusiones: la CRM permite obtener imágenes precisas de la vía biliar, en un ambiente seguro y sin riesgos para el paciente. Esta técnica tiene una capacidad de detección de coledocolitiasis que oscila entre el 78 y el 97 %, resultado que concuerda con lo descrito en otros estudios.

Fluorescence lifetime measurement of radical ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichinose, Nobuyuki; Kinugasa, Jun-ichiro; Hagiri, Masahide; Nakayama, Toshihiro; Murakami, Hiroshi; Kishimoto, Maki; Daido, Hiroyuki

2004-01-01

One-photonic excitation of a charge transfer complex of hexamethoxybenzene (HMB) and nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NO + BF 4 - ) in acetonitrile afforded fluorescences emission from excited radical cation of HMB (HMB + *). Lifetime of the excited radical ion species was measured to be 7 ps by the pump-probe transient absorption technique. The lifetime was much shorter than that of free radical ion (63 ps), indicating the presence of an interaction between HMB + * and NO in the excited complex. (author)

Generation and propagation of radical reactions on proteins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hawkins, C L; Davies, Michael Jonathan

2001-01-01

The oxidation of proteins by free radicals is thought to play a major role in many oxidative processes within cells and is implicated in a number of human diseases as well as ageing. This review summarises information on the formation of radicals on peptides and proteins and how radical damage may...... be propagated and transferred within protein structures. The emphasis of this article is primarily on the deleterious actions of radicals generated on proteins, and their mechanisms of action, rather than on enzymatic systems where radicals are deliberately formed as transient intermediates. The final section...

Radical scavenging activity of crude polysaccharides from Camellia sinensis

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Yang Fan

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A preparation of crude polysaccharides (TPS was isolated from Camellia sinensis by precipitation and ultrafiltration. TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3 had molecular weights of 240, 21.4, and 2.46 kDa, respectively. The radical scavenging activities of TPS were evaluated by DPPH free radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging. These results revealed that TPS exhibited strong radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. TPS3 with lowest molecular weight showed a higher radical scavenging activity.

Vibronic Spectroscopy of the Phenylcyanomethyl Radical

Science.gov (United States)

Mehta, Deepali N.; Kidwell, Nathanael M.; Zwier, Timothy S.

2011-06-01

Resonance stabilized radicals (RSRs) are thought to be key intermediates in the formation of larger molecules in planetary atmospheres. Given the nitrogen-rich atmosphere of Titan, and the prevalence of nitriles there, it is likely that nitrile and isonitrile RSRs could be especially important in pathways leading to the formation of more complex nitrogen-containing compounds and the aerosols ("tholins") that are ultimately produced. In this talk, the results of a gas phase, jet-cooled vibronic spectroscopy study of the phenylcyanomethyl radical (C_6H_5.{C}HCN), the nitrogen-containing analog of the 1-phenylpropargyl radical, will be presented. A resonant two color photon ionization spectrum over the range 21,350-22,200 Cm-1 (450.0-468.0 nm) has been recorded, and the D_0-D_1 origin band has been tentatively identified at 21,400 Cm-1. Studies identifying the ionization threshold, and characterizing the vibronic structure will also be presented. An analogous study of the phenylisocyanomethyl radical, C_6H_5.{C}HNC, is currently being pursued for comparison with that of phenylcyanomethyl radical.

Introducing Stable Radicals into Molecular Machines.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yuping; Frasconi, Marco; Stoddart, J Fraser

2017-09-27

Ever since their discovery, stable organic radicals have received considerable attention from chemists because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Currently, one of the most appealing challenges for the chemical community is to develop sophisticated artificial molecular machines that can do work by consuming external energy, after the manner of motor proteins. In this context, radical-pairing interactions are important in addressing the challenge: they not only provide supramolecular assistance in the synthesis of molecular machines but also open the door to developing multifunctional systems relying on the various properties of the radical species. In this Outlook, by taking the radical cationic state of 1,1'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (BIPY •+ ) as an example, we highlight our research on the art and science of introducing radical-pairing interactions into functional systems, from prototypical molecular switches to complex molecular machines, followed by a discussion of the (i) limitations of the current systems and (ii) future research directions for designing BIPY •+ -based molecular machines with useful functions.

Some reactions of oxidizing radicals with enzymes in aqueous solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cundall, R.B.; Bisby, R.H.; Hoe, S.T.; Sims, H.E.; Anderson, R.F.

1979-01-01

A range of oxidizing radicals including some inorganic radical anions and the superoxide radical, can be generated by radiolysis of aqueous solutions. These radicals are more selective in their reactions with amino acids than the hydroxyl radical. Factors controlling the apparent reactivity of radical anions with proteins, such as free radical equilibria and ion-binding, are described. The superoxide radical inactivates papain by reaction with the cysteine residue. This reaction has been studied in solutions subjected to radiations of varying linear energy transfer. (Auth.)

Long-lived gas-phase radicals from combustion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaneko, Takashi; Furusawa, Koji; Amano, Toshiji; Okubo, Yoichi; Tsuchiya, Jun' ichi; Yoshizawa, Fujiroku; Akutsu, Yoshiaki; Tamura, Masamitsu; Yoshida, Tadao (Univ. of Tokyo (Japan))

1989-04-20

On indoor air pollution or fire, it is feared that the gas-phase radicals from the combustion of inflammables or fuel seriously exert an influence on the organisms as harmful matter. The gas-phase radicals were studied using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. For the spin trap solution, 0.1 mol solution of {alpha}-phenyl-N-t-butylnitron in benzene was used. As a result, apparently long-lived and highly reactive oxygen-centered radicals were detected in the smoke from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, cellulose, kerosene, benzene, acetone, methanol and butylalcohol. It is suggested that the production mechanism for the radicals should be different from olefin-NOx-air system reaction, which is considered for the radicals from cigarette smoke. 11 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Doença de chagas aguda em mulher de 80 anos no México. Relato anatomopatológico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Lozano Kasten

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Mulher de 80 anos de idade, com doença de Chagas aguda diagnosticada à necrópsia, adquirida, provavelmente, através de triatomíneos no município de Zacoelo de Torres, no Estado de Jalisco, México. Assinala-se a raridade do encontro de casos de doença de Chagas agudo, na faixa etária da paciente. O exame anatomopatológico mostrou comprometimento do coração, esôfago e intestino grosso. Encontrou-se lesões no sistema nervoso autônomo intramural do esôfago e do intestino grosso, sendo estes achados de interesse, por ocorrer em área geográfica onde os megas tem sido pouco relatados.

Uso de terapias não convencionais no manejo da crise aguda de asma refratária Non-conventional therapies to manage refractory acute asthma attack

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RAQUEL HERMES ROSA OLIVEIRA

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Uma paciente em crise aguda de asma, refratária ao uso de beta2-agonista inalatório e intravenoso, aminofilina intravenosa e corticóide, em ventilação mecânica, foi tratada com métodos terapêuticos não convencionais: broncoscopia, lavado broncoalveolar com N-acetilcisteína e ventilação com halotano. Houve melhora dos parâmetros ventilatórios após o lavado e a resolução do broncoespasmo ocorreu após a anestesia, propiciando a extubação e alta da UTI. É feita uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso desses métodos na crise aguda de asma.A patient with an acute asthma attack refractory to inhaled and intravenous beta2-agonist, aminophylline and corticosteroids was submitted to mechanical ventilation and treated with non-conventional therapies: bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage using N-acetylcysteine and halothane inhalation. The ventilatory parameters improved after lavage, however, bronchospasm resolution occurred only after anesthesia which was followed by extubation and discharge from the ICU. A review of the use of these non-conventional therapeutic modalities for the management of acute asthma attack is presented.

[Research progress on free radicals in human body].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Q B; Xu, F P; Wei, C X; Peng, J; Dong, X D

2016-08-10

Free radicals are the intermediates of metabolism, widely exist in the human bodies. Under normal circumstances, the free radicals play an important role in the metabolic process on human body, cell signal pathway, gene regulation, induction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, so as to maintain the normal growth and development of human body and to inhibit the growth of bacteria, virus and cancer. However, when organic lesion occurs affected by external factors or when equilibrium of the free radicals is tipped in the human body, the free radicals will respond integratedly with lipids, protein or nucleic acid which may jeopardize the health of human bodies. This paper summarizes the research progress of the free radicals conducted in recent years, in relations to the perspective of the types, origins, test methods of the free radicals and their relationship with human's health. In addition, the possible mechanisms of environmental pollutants (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) mediating oxidative stress and free radicals scavenging in the body were also summarized.

Deciphering free-radical code of radiation effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volovyk, S.; Bazyka, D.; Loganovsky, K.; Bebeshko, V.

2007-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. Objective: Ionizing radiation is fundamental environmental factor for life origin and evolution. Free radicals, primordial 'sea' for life conceiving and existence, induced by cosmic and terrestrial background radiation, are evolutionally archetypal, ubiquitous, and omnipotent in physiological- pathophysiological dichotomy. Classical free-radical paradigm in radiation biology and medicine, focused in essence on oxidative damage, needs new conceptualization and generalization. Methods: Suggested novel insights into free radicals dual immanent nature and functions in organism systems are based on original concepts of radicals dynamic charge transfer (CT) - redox ambivalence (interactional nucleo-, electro-, and ambiphilicity spectrum); pertinent chemical reactivity and selectivity delocalization model; physiological functional ambivalence and complementarity, and dynamic free-radical homeostasis. Results: Subtle perturbations in radicals CT spatiotemporal homeodynamics, in responsive signaling / controlling networks, concomitant alterations in genes expression, transcription, and apoptosis, redox control of mitochondrial ET chain, telomere/telomerase balance, DNA CT, circadian clock, hemispheric biochemical dominance/accentuation, including alteration of nitric oxide-superoxide complementarity, membranes permeability, neurotransmission pattern, synaptic circuitry, etc under radiation exposure have more fundamental impact on organism systems (especially CNS and CVS) deterioration than simple radicals inflicted oxidative (nitrosative) damage of cellular constituents. Conclusions: This novel conceptualization of free-radical paradigm constitutes new dimension in deciphering molecular mechanisms of radiation effects on subtle borderline norm-pathology and continuity-discontinuity dichotomy in organisms systems disorders - CT(redox)omics, which involves investigation of CT, redox, and spin states of free radicals, DNA bases

Zwitterion radicals and anion radicals from electron transfer and solvent condensation with the fingerprint developing agent ninhydrin.

Science.gov (United States)

Schertz, T D; Reiter, R C; Stevenson, C D

2001-11-16

Ninhydrin (the fingerprint developing agent) spontaneously dehydrates in liquid ammonia and in hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) to form indantrione, which has a sufficiently large solution electron affinity to extract an electron from the solvent (HMPA) to produce the indantrione anion radical. In liquid NH(3), the presence of trace amounts of amide ion causes the spontaneous formation of an anion radical condensation product, wherein the no. 2 carbon (originally a carbonyl carbon) becomes substituted with -NH(2) and -OH groups. In HMPA, the indantrione anion radical spontaneously forms condensation products with the HMPA to produce a variety of zwitterionic radicals, wherein the no. 2 carbon becomes directly attached to a nitrogen of the HMPA. The mechanisms for the formation of the zwitterionic paramagnetic condensation products are analogous to that observed in the reaction of ninhydrin with amino acids to yield Ruhemann's Purple, the contrast product in fingerprint development. The formation of anion and zwitterionic radical condensation products from ninhydrin and nitrogen-containing solvents may represent an example of a host of analogous polyketone-solvent reactions.

Histoplasmose pulmonar aguda no Rio Grande do Sul Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Gisela Unis

2005-02-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A histoplasmose pulmonar aguda depende da inalação de uma grande quantidade de propágulos fúngicos por um paciente hígido. O tempo de exposição determina a gravidade da doença. Uma epidemia é influenciada por fatores que afetam o crescimento e a transmissão do Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum na natureza. OBJETIVO: Identificar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-laboratoriais dos pacientes com histoplasmose pulmonar aguda no Rio Grande do Sul e compará-los com as microepidemias relatadas no Brasil. MÉTODO: Foram revisados 212 prontuários clínicos de pacientes com histoplasmose dos arquivos do Laboratório de Micologia do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (RS num período de 25 anos (1977-2002. Foram identificados e incluídos no estudo os casos de histoplasmose pulmonar aguda com cultivo positivo e/ou achado histopatológico compatível. As microepidemias foram diagnosticadas com a comprovação de um caso ou evidência soromicológica com história clínica compatível. Foram revisadas as microepidemias publicadas no Brasil. RESULTADOS: Dezoito de um total de 212 pacientes (8,5% foram incluídos no trabalho. A idade variou de 8 a 63 anos (média de 35,4; mediana de 34,5, e 67% eram do sexo masculino. A história epidemiológica foi sugestiva em 11 pacientes (61%. O tipo primário de histoplasmose pulmonar aguda foi o mais freqüente (17; 95%. Houve predomínio de casos isolados. CONCLUSÃO: O reconhecimento de casos isolados e a presença de microepidemias demonstram a abundância do H. capsulatum no solo, e juntamente com a ocorrência de todas as formas da doença, confirmam o Rio Grande do Sul como hiperendêmico para histoplasmose.BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is a respiratory infection occurring when an otherwise healthy individual inhales a large quantity of fungal propagules. Length of exposure determines disease severity. An epidemic is influenced by factors affecting the

Free radical scavenging injectable hydrogels for regenerative therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komeri, Remya [Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala State (India); Thankam, Finosh Gnanaprakasam [Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha NE68178 (United States); Muthu, Jayabalan, E-mail: mjayabalan52@gmail.com [Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala State (India)

2017-02-01

Pathological free radicals generated from inflamed and infarcted cardiac tissues interferes natural tissue repair mechanisms. Hypoxic microenvironment at the injured zone of non-regenerating cardiac tissues hinders the therapeutic attempts including cell therapy. Here we report an injectable, cytocompatible, free radical scavenging synthetic hydrogel formulation for regenerative therapy. New hydrogel (PEAX-P) is prepared with D-xylitol-co-fumarate-co-poly ethylene adipate-co-PEG comaromer (PEAX) and PEGDiacrylate. PEAX-P hydrogel swells 4.9 times the initial weight and retains 100.07 kPa Young modulus at equilibrium swelling, which is suitable for cardiac applications. PEAX-P hydrogel retains elastic nature even at 60% compressive strain, which is favorable to fit with the dynamic and elastic natural tissue counterparts. PEAX-P hydrogel scavenges 51% DPPH radical, 40% hydroxyl radicals 41% nitrate radicals with 31% reducing power. The presence of hydrogel protects 62% cardiomyoblast cells treated with stress inducing media at LD 50 concentration. The free hydroxyl groups in sugar alcohols of the comacromer influence the free radical scavenging. Comparatively, PEAX-P hydrogel based on xylitol evinces slightly lower scavenging characteristics than with previously reported PEAM-P hydrogel containing mannitol having more hydroxyl groups. The possible free radical scavenging mechanism of the present hydrogel relies on the free π electrons associated with uncrosslinked fumarate bonds, hydrogen atoms associated with sugar alcohols/PEG and radical dilution by free water in the matrix. Briefly, the present PEAX-P hydrogel is a potential injectable system for combined antioxidant and regenerative therapy. - Graphical abstract: Injectable hydrogel with inherent free radical scavenging property for regenerative tissue engineering application. - Highlights: • Novel injectable hydrogel (PEAX-P) is prepared using D-xylitol-co-fumarate-co-poly ethylene adipate-co-PEG comaromer

Free radical scavenging injectable hydrogels for regenerative therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komeri, Remya; Thankam, Finosh Gnanaprakasam; Muthu, Jayabalan

2017-01-01

Pathological free radicals generated from inflamed and infarcted cardiac tissues interferes natural tissue repair mechanisms. Hypoxic microenvironment at the injured zone of non-regenerating cardiac tissues hinders the therapeutic attempts including cell therapy. Here we report an injectable, cytocompatible, free radical scavenging synthetic hydrogel formulation for regenerative therapy. New hydrogel (PEAX-P) is prepared with D-xylitol-co-fumarate-co-poly ethylene adipate-co-PEG comaromer (PEAX) and PEGDiacrylate. PEAX-P hydrogel swells 4.9 times the initial weight and retains 100.07 kPa Young modulus at equilibrium swelling, which is suitable for cardiac applications. PEAX-P hydrogel retains elastic nature even at 60% compressive strain, which is favorable to fit with the dynamic and elastic natural tissue counterparts. PEAX-P hydrogel scavenges 51% DPPH radical, 40% hydroxyl radicals 41% nitrate radicals with 31% reducing power. The presence of hydrogel protects 62% cardiomyoblast cells treated with stress inducing media at LD 50 concentration. The free hydroxyl groups in sugar alcohols of the comacromer influence the free radical scavenging. Comparatively, PEAX-P hydrogel based on xylitol evinces slightly lower scavenging characteristics than with previously reported PEAM-P hydrogel containing mannitol having more hydroxyl groups. The possible free radical scavenging mechanism of the present hydrogel relies on the free π electrons associated with uncrosslinked fumarate bonds, hydrogen atoms associated with sugar alcohols/PEG and radical dilution by free water in the matrix. Briefly, the present PEAX-P hydrogel is a potential injectable system for combined antioxidant and regenerative therapy. - Graphical abstract: Injectable hydrogel with inherent free radical scavenging property for regenerative tissue engineering application. - Highlights: • Novel injectable hydrogel (PEAX-P) is prepared using D-xylitol-co-fumarate-co-poly ethylene adipate-co-PEG comaromer

Radical Transversal Lightlike Submanifolds of Indefinite Para-Sasakian Manifolds

OpenAIRE

Shukla S.S.; Yadav Akhilesh

2014-01-01

In this paper, we study radical transversal lightlike submanifolds and screen slant radical transversal lightlike submanifolds of indefinite para-Sasakian manifolds giving some non-trivial examples of these submanifolds. Integrability conditions of distributions D and RadTM on radical transversal lightlike submanifolds and screen slant radical transversal lightlike submanifolds of indefinite para-Sasakian manifolds, have been obtained. We also study totally contact umbilical radical transvers...

Structure and reactivity of the N-acetyl-cysteine radical cation and anion: does radical migration occur?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Osburn, S.; Berden, G.; Oomens, J.; O'Hair, R.A.J.; Ryzhov, V.

2011-01-01

The structure and reactivity of the N-acetyl-cysteine radical cation and anion were studied using ion-molecule reactions, infrared multi-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The radical cation was generated by first nitrosylating the thiol of

Structure and Reactivity of the N-Acetyl-Cysteine Radical Cation and Anion: Does Radical Migration Occur?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Osburn, S.; G. Berden,; Oomens, J.; O' Hair, R. A. J.; Ryzhov, V.

2011-01-01

The structure and reactivity of the N-acetyl-cysteine radical cation and anion were studied using ion-molecule reactions, infrared multi-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The radical cation was generated by first nitrosylating the thiol of

Cation radicals of xanthophylls.

Science.gov (United States)

Galinato, Mary Grace I; Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz; Deal, Cailin; Birge, Robert R; Frank, Harry A

2007-10-01

Carotenes and xanthophylls are well known to act as electron donors in redox processes. This ability is thought to be associated with the inhibition of oxidative reactions in reaction centers and light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes of photosystem II (PSII). In this work, cation radicals of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, beta-carotene, and lycopene were generated in solution using ferric chloride as an oxidant and then studied by absorption spectroscopy. The investigation provides a view toward understanding the molecular features that determine the spectral properties of cation radicals of carotenoids. The absorption spectral data reveal a shift to longer wavelength with increasing pi-chain length. However, zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin exhibit cation radical spectra blue-shifted compared to that of beta-carotene, despite all of these molecules having 11 conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. CIS molecular orbital theory quantum computations interpret this effect as due to the hydroxyl groups in the terminal rings selectively stabilizing the highest occupied molecular orbitals of preferentially populated s-trans-isomers. The data are expected to be useful in the analysis of spectral results from PSII pigment-protein complexes seeking to understand the role of carotene and xanthophyll cation radicals in regulating excited state energy flow, in protecting PSII reaction centers against photoinhibition, and in dissipating excess light energy absorbed by photosynthetic organisms but not used for photosynthesis.

Avaliação da reprodutibilidade da tomografia computadorizada no estadiamento da pancreatite aguda Reproducibility in the assessment of acute pancreatitis with computed tomography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edison de Oliveira Freire Filho

2007-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Medir a reprodutibilidade da tomografia computadorizada sem e com contraste na avaliação da gravidade da pancreatite aguda. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta e um exames de tomografia computadorizada abdominal sem e com contraste de pacientes com pancreatite aguda foram analisados por dois radiologistas (observadores 1 e 2. Calculamos o índice morfológico pela tomografia computadorizada sem e com contraste, separadamente, e o índice de gravidade da tomografia computadorizada para pancreatite aguda. Medimos a reprodutibilidade intra- e interobservador da tomografia computadorizada através do índice kappa (kapa. RESULTADOS: Para a concordância interobservador obtivemos kapa de 0,666, 0,705, 0,648, 0,547 e 0,631 para índice morfológico sem e com contraste, presença de necrose pancreática, extensão da necrose pancreática e índice de gravidade da tomografia computadorizada, respectivamente. Para a concordância intra-observador dos observadores 1 e 2 obtivemos, respectivamente, kapa de 0,796 e 0,732 para o índice morfológico sem contraste; 0,725 e 0,802 para o índice morfológico com contraste; 0,674 e 0,849 para a presença de necrose pancreática; 0,606 e 0,770 para a extensão da necrose pancreática; e 0,801 e 0,687 para o índice de gravidade da tomografia computadorizada. CONCLUSÃO: O estadiamento da pancreatite aguda pela tomografia computadorizada por meio do índice morfológico e do índice de gravidade da tomografia computadorizada é um método bastante reprodutível. O não-uso do contraste não afeta a reprodutibilidade da tomografia computadorizada para o cálculo do índice morfológico.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of unenhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the assessment of patients with acute pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one unenhanced and contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography studies of patients with acute pancreatitis were blindly reviewed by two

Violent Radicalization in Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalgaard-Nielsen, Anja

2010-01-01

When, why, and how do people living in a democracy become radicalized to the point of being willing to use or directly support the use of terrorist violence against fellow citizens? This question has been at the center of academic and public debate over the past years as terrorist attacks...... within this field and to answer the question: From an empirical point of view, what is known and what is not known about radicalization connected to militant Islamism in Europe?...

Application of ABTS radical cation for selective on-line detection of radical scavengers in HPLC eluates

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koleva, [No Value; Niederlander, HAG; van Beek, TA

2001-01-01

The radical cation 2,2 ' -azinobis-(3 -ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), (ABTS(.+)) was utilized in an on-line HPLC method for the detection of radical scavengers in complex matrixes. The HPLC-separated analytes react postcolumn with the preformed ABTS(.+), and the induced bleaching is detected as

Factores causantes y consecuencias de la demora en el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con apendicitis aguda en el Hospital de Apoyo de Chachapoyas entre 1995 y 2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Gabriel Cabrejos Pita

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje de pacientes con diagnóstico post operatorio confirmatorio de apendicitis aguda que fueron intervenidos tardíamente en el Hospital de Apoyo de Chachapoyas (HACH, en un período de 5 años e identificar los principales factores que condicionaron la demora en la intervención quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las Historias Clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía en el HACH en un período de 5 años. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de apendicitis aguda. Resultados: Se incluyeron 108 pacientes, 41 de ellos (38% fueron intervenidos tardíamente. En 19 pacientes que fueron intervenidos tardíamente (47%, la demora fue atribuida al mismo paciente y en 22 (53% la demora se atribuyó a los servicios de salud. Treintaicuatro de los 41 pacientes intervenidos tardíamente (83% sufrieron apendicitis aguda complicada (AAC. La estancia hospitalaria fue más larga para los pacientes que sufrieron AAC (13.21 días, que para aquellos que no sufrieron esta condición (3.94 días (p = 0.000. Conclusiones: Existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes que se retrasan 72 o más horas desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el acto operatorio. Los factores más importantes que condicionan la demora son: el hecho que el mismo paciente se retrasa en acudir a los servicios de salud y que existen dificultades para el traslado de los pacientes por razones geográficas. Los pacientes que tienen un retraso de 72 horas o más en ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente se complican 2.5 veces más frecuentemente que los que tienen una cirugía precoz. ( Rev Med Hered 2001; 12: 3-7.

Bartonelosis aguda en niños: Estudio de 32 casos en el Instituto Especializado de Salud del Niño y el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (Período 1993-2003.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Judith Patricia BREÑA CHÁVEZ

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, datos de laboratorio y tratamiento de la Bartonelosis aguda en niños. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 32 niños con Bartonelosis aguda, internados en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia y en el Instituto Especializado de Salud del Niño entre 1993 y 2003. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 9,8 años, 72% fueron varones, los lugares de exposición probable fueron principalmente las zonas endémicas de los valles interandinos de Perú, pero hubieron pacientes procedentes de zonas no endémicas de la selva alta; fueron nativos de éstas zonas el 72%. Los síntomas principales fueron fiebre (97%, hiporexia (91%, síntomas gastrointestinales (66% y malestar general (53%; los signos principales fueron palidez (97%, hepatomegalia (78%, taquicardia (75% y linfadenomegalia (72%. El promedio de hematocrito fue 18,8 %, 63% cursaron con anemia severa, leucocitosis 63%, hiperbilirrubinemia a predominio indirecto 45% de casos e hipoalbuminemia el 68%. Las complicaciones fueron frecuentes (78%, siendo las infecciosas 25%, no infecciosas 22%, infecciosas y no infecciosas 31%. De las infecciosas destacan las respiratorias (25%, fiebre tifoidea / salmonelosis (19%, un caso de endocarditis infecciosa y otro de probable púrpura fulminans. De las complicaciones no infecciosas desatacan las complicaciones cardiovasculares (34% y la neurobartonelosis (34%; hubo un caso de anemia hemolítica autoinmune. El 72% recibió transfusiones sanguíneas; el 97% recibió antibiótico, utilizando cloranfenicol (56% y ciprofloxacino (34%. La letalidad fue de 6%. Conclusiones: La Bartonelosis aguda en esta serie tuvo gran morbilidad, siendo frecuentes las complicaciones cardiovasculares, neurológicas y respiratorias. (Rev Med Hered 2006;17:122-131.

Critical appraisal of outcomes following open radical prostatectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Galvin, David J; Eastham, James A

2009-05-01

Radical prostatectomy has evolved enormously over the last 25 years. Improvements include the use of smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and surgical refinement to improve the recovery of continence and potency. In addition, new technologies and minimally invasive techniques with the potential to further improve patient outcomes have been introduced. This article focuses on outcomes with open radical prostatectomy and is not meant to compare open radical prostatectomy and minimally invasive approaches. Despite a lack of randomized controlled trials, strong observational cohort studies demonstrate lower rates of positive surgical margins, high 10-year and 15-year biochemical recurrence-free rates, excellent prostate cancer-specific mortality rates, and improved recovery of urinary incontinence and erectile function after open radical prostatectomy. We review publications from the past 24 months regarding oncologic outcome, continence, and erectile function, as well as some earlier manuscripts that emphasize key aspects of open radical prostatectomy. Today open radical prostatectomy is a less-invasive procedure with low morbidity providing excellent control of clinically localized prostate cancer. Although open radical prostatectomy now accounts for a minority of radical prostatectomies in the United States, the concepts that have improved oncologic and quality-of-life outcomes are equally applicable to minimally invasive procedures.

NOx removal characteristics of corona radical shower with ammonia and methylamine radical injections

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urashima, K.; Ara, M.; Chang, J.S. [McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada). Dept. of Engineering Physics; Uchida, Y. [Aichi Inst. of Technology, (Japan). Dept. of Engineering

2010-07-01

Air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) are the major cause of acid rain. There are different types of NOx and SOx conversion techniques such as wet scrubber, selective catalytic reactor, sorbent injection, and low NOx burner. Non-thermal plasma techniques have also been utilized in commercial plants, but the energy efficiency of the non-thermal plasma reactors have not yet been optimized. The direct plasma treatments of flue gases including, the electron beam, barrier discharge and pulsed corona reactors, may lose input energy to activate unwanted components of flue gases such as carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and nitrogen (N{sub 2}). The corona discharge ammonia radical shower system has demonstrated significant NOx removal with higher energy efficiency for large bench scale and pilot plant tests for combustion exhausts. An experiment has also demonstrated that methane can replace ammonia as an injection gas with less NOx removal efficiency. This paper presented an experimental investigation that compared methylamine radical injection with traditional ammonia and methane radical injections. The paper discussed the bench scale test facilities and corona radical shower plasma reactor. It was concluded that the processes to form ammonium nitrate could be observed from trace white solid particles deposited on the reactor wall as observed by scanning electron microscopy pictures. 10 refs., 5 figs., 2 appendices.

Cistatina C como predictor de síndrome cardio-renal y mal pronóstico en pacientes internados por insuficiencia cardíaca aguda y función renal normal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iván Constantin

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El desarrollo de disfunción renal en el contexto de una falla cardíaca aguda se conoce como síndrome cardiorrenal (SCR tipo 1. El empeoramiento de la función renal (EFR durante la internación es un predictor de mal pronóstico. La cistatina C ha surgido como un marcador de función renal alternativo a la creatinina. Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad clínica de la cistatina C como predictor de EFR y factor pronóstico en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda y sin disfunción renal evaluada por creatinina al ingreso. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, prospectivo, de pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca aguda y sin disfunción renal, definida como un valor de creatinina < 1,3 mg/dl al ingreso. Se realizó un dosaje de cistatina C al ingreso. El punto final primario fue EFR y los secundarios fueron mortalidad hospitalaria, mortalidad total y reinternación por insuficiencia cardíaca. Resultados: Se incluyeron 166 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 85 años (IIC 77,7-89. La incidencia de EFR fue del 29,7%, con una mortalidad hospitalaria del 3,1% y una mortalidad total del 24,4%. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 193 días. El valor de cistatina C fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes que desarrollaron EFR (1,72 ± 0,58 mg/dl vs. 1,51 ± 0,41 mg/dl; p = 0,03 y en los pacientes que murieron en el seguimiento (1,76 ± 0,49 mg/dl vs. 1,51 ± 0,46 mg/dl; p = 0,004. La cistatina C resultó un predictor independiente de mortalidad (OR 3,03, IC 95% 1,22-7,47 y de EFR (OR 2,38, IC 95% 1,02- 5,5 en el análisis multivariado. Se halló un punto de corte óptimo de 1,6 mg/dl de cistatina, con una sensibilidad del 61,22% y una especificidad del 60,34% para el desarrollo de EFR y del 61,54% y 61,98%, respectivamente, para mortalidad total. Conclusión: El valor de cistatina C al ingreso es predictor de desarrollo de EFR durante la internación y de mayor mortalidad en

Radical Sustainable Innovation of office buildings

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Koch, Christian; Berker, Thomas; Koch-Ørvad, Nina

2017-01-01

by high degrees of newness in the entire life cycle. RSI should offer significant enhancements of known benefits, entirely new benefits, or substantial cost reductions, leading to the transformation of existing markets, the creation of sustainable growth, and global sustainability. Thus, if buildings were....../could be radically new. How to evaluate radicality is a major challenge. It is tentatively proposed, to use standards for sustainable office buildings. Standards are developed to accelerate the sustainable development but has to some extent come to constrain possibilities of radical innovation. As the criteria...... of newness is incorporated in standards, going beyond them, could be viewed as radical. Empirically a selection of international cases of office buildings with very high scores of BREEAM, LEED and DGNB are examined. Six selected cases were analysed more in detail, one of them, Geelens...

User involvement competence for radical innovation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lettl, Christopher

2007-01-01

-assisted navigation systems. The case study analysis reveals that firms who closely interact with specific users benefit significantly for their radical innovation work. These users have a high motivation toward new solutions, are open to new technologies, possess diverse competencies, and are embedded into a very......One important market related capability for firms which seek to develop radical innovations is the competence to involve the 'right' users at the 'right' time in the 'right' form. While former studies have identified a rather passive role of users in the radical innovation process, this paper...

User involvement competence for radical innovation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lettl, Christopher

2007-01-01

One important market related capability for firms which seek to develop radical innovations is the competence to involve the 'right' users at the 'right' time in the 'right' form. While former studies have identified a rather passive role of users in the radical innovation process, this paper......-assisted navigation systems. The case study analysis reveals that firms who closely interact with specific users benefit significantly for their radical innovation work. These users have a high motivation toward new solutions, are open to new technologies, possess diverse competencies, and are embedded into a very...

Protonated o-semiquinone radical as a mimetic of the humic acids native radicals: A DFT approach to the molecular structure and EPR properties

Science.gov (United States)

Witwicki, Maciej; Jezierska, Julia

2012-06-01

Organic radicals are known to be an indispensable component of the humic acids (HA) structure. In HA two forms of radicals, stable (native) and short-lived (transient), are identified. Importantly, these radical forms can be easily differentiated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This article provides a DFT-based insight into the electronic and molecular structure of the native radicals. The molecular models including an increase of the radical aromaticity and the hydrogen bonding between the radical and other functional groups of HA are taken under investigation. In consequence the interesting pieces of information on the structure of the native radical centers in HA are revealed and discussed, especially in terms of differences between the electronic structure of the native and transient forms.

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in malonaldehyde and its radical analogues.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chen; Kumar, Manoj; Finney, Brian A; Francisco, Joseph S

2017-09-28

High level Brueckner doubles with triples correction method-based ab initio calculations have been used to investigate the nature of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in cis-malonaldehyde (MA) and its radical analogues. The radicals considered here are the ones that correspond to the homolytic cleavage of C-H bonds in cis-MA. The results suggest that cis-MA and its radical analogues, cis-MA RS , and cis-MA RA , both exist in planar geometry. The calculated intramolecular O-H⋯O=C bond in cis-MA is shorter than that in the radical analogues. The intramolecular hydrogen bond in cis-MA is stronger than in its radicals by at least 3.0 kcal/mol. The stability of a cis-malonaldehyde radical correlates with the extent of electron spin delocalization; cis-MA RA , in which the radical spin is more delocalized, is the most stable MA radical, whereas cis-MA RS , in which the radical spin is strongly localized, is the least stable radical. The natural bond orbital analysis indicates that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding (O⋯H⋯O) in cis-malonaldehyde radicals is stabilized by the interaction between the lone pair orbitals of donor oxygen and the σ * orbital of acceptor O-H bond (n → σ * OH ). The calculated barriers indicate that the intramolecular proton transfer in cis-MA involves 2.2 kcal/mol lower barrier than that in cis-MA RS .

Hydroxyl radical reactivity with diethylhydroxylamine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorse, R.A. Jr.; Lii, R.R.; Saunders, B.B.

1977-01-01

Diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) reacts with gas-phase hydroxyl radicals on every third collision, whereas the corresponding reaction in aqueous solution is considerably slower. The high gas-phase reactivity explains the predicted inhibitory effect of DEHA in atmospheric smog processes. Results from the studies in the aqueous phase are helpful in predicting the mechanism of the reaction of DEHA with hydroxyl radicals

Radical dematerialization and degrowth

Science.gov (United States)

Kallis, Giorgos

2017-05-01

The emission targets agreed in Paris require a radical reduction of material extraction, use and disposal. The core claim of this article is that a radical dematerialization can only be part and parcel of degrowth. Given that capitalist economies are designed to grow, this raises the question of whether, and under what circumstances, the inevitable `degrowth' can become socially sustainable. Three economic policies are discussed in this direction: work-sharing, green taxes and public money. This article is part of the themed issue 'Material demand reduction'.

Thermal evolution of the morphology of Ni/Ag/Si(111)-{radical}3 Multiplication-Sign {radical}3 surface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomaszewska, Agnieszka; Huang, Xiao-Lan; Chang, Kuo-Wei; Fu, Tsu-Yi, E-mail: phtifu@phy.ntnu.edu.tw

2012-08-31

The temperature-driven changes in morphology of the interface formed by room temperature (RT) deposition of Ni atoms onto an Ag/Si(111)-{radical}3 Multiplication-Sign {radical}3 surface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Roughly 70% of Ni deposition diffused into bulk substrate within the temperature range between RT and 573 K. The images as obtained after annealing up to 670 K correspond to the formation of nano-sized islands of nickel silicides. Two types of islands, large triangular islands typical of the whole range of applied coverage, and smaller islands of different shapes, coexist at Ni coverage higher than 1 monolayer. Annealing above 870 K led to the formation of a 7 Multiplication-Sign 7 phase in coexistence with small 5 Multiplication-Sign 5 domains at the expense of a complete disappearance of the {radical}3 Multiplication-Sign {radical}3 phase. Also, formation of Ni,Si alloy was observed at the temperature, along with segregation of bulk-dissolved Ni species onto the surface. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We examine changes in morphology of Ni/Ag/Si(111)-{radical}3 Multiplication-Sign {radical}3 surface upon annealing. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 70% of deposited Ni atoms diffuse into the bulk after annealing at 570 K. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A variety of nano-sized Ni, Si islands develops after annealing at 670 K. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 5 Multiplication-Sign 5 reconstruction as an evidence for mass transport during the island growth.

Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato aquoso do pó do mesocarpo de Orbignya phalerata Mart (babaçu)

OpenAIRE

dos Santos e Silva, Ana Paula; de Sousa, Geane Felix; Mendes de Freitas, Rivelilson; Cunha Nunes, Lívio César

2012-01-01

Objetivos: os efeitos da administração aguda oral do extrato aquoso do pó obtido do mesocarpo de Orbignya phalerata Mart foram investigados sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos em camundongos Swiss machos. Métodos: os animais (n= 5-7/grupo) foram tratados por via oral com as doses de 1, 2 e 3 g/kg de peso corporal, observados durante 24 h e em seguida foi feita a coleta do sangue para avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Resultados: o tratamento com extrato aquoso do ...

A administração aguda de cafeína previne o comprometimento da memória pela escopolamina em camundongos adultos

OpenAIRE

Paulo Henrique Saldanha Botton

2011-01-01

A cafeína é a substância psicoestimulante mais consumida no mundo todo. Muitos estudos já foram realizados avaliando os seus benefícios sobre as funções cognitivas. Algumas evidências sugerem a participação do sistema colinérgico nos efeitos da cafeína, mas os estudos ainda são incipientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar os efeitos da administração aguda de cafeína frente ao bloqueio dos receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos pela administração do antagonista não-seletivo escopolamina. C...

Ring-Expansion/Contraction Radical Crossover Reactions of Cyclic Alkoxyamines: A Mechanism for Ring Expansion-Controlled Radical Polymerization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atsushi Narumi

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Macrocyclic polymers present an important class of macromolecules, displaying the reduced radius of gyration or impossibility to entangle. A rare approach for their synthesis is the ring expansion-controlled radical “vinyl” polymerization, starting from a cyclic alkoxyamine. We here describe ring-expansion radical crossover reactions of cyclic alkoxyamines which run in parallel to chain-propagation reactions in the polymerization system. The radical crossover reactions extensively occurred at 105–125 °C, eventually producing high molecular weight polymers with multiple inherent dynamic covalent bonds (NOC bonds. A subsequent ring-contraction radical crossover reaction and the second ring-expansion radical crossover reaction are also described. The major products for the respective three stages were shown to possess cyclic morphologies by the molecular weight profiles and the residual ratios for the NOC bonds (φ in %. In particular, the high φ values ranging from ca. 80% to 98% were achieved for this cyclic alkoxyamine system. This result verifies the high availability of this system as a tool demonstrating the ring-expansion “vinyl” polymerization that allows them to produce macrocyclic polymers via a one-step vinyl polymerization.

Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dean, R T; Fu, S; Stocker, R

1997-01-01

Radical-mediated damage to proteins may be initiated by electron leakage, metal-ion-dependent reactions and autoxidation of lipids and sugars. The consequent protein oxidation is O2-dependent, and involves several propagating radicals, notably alkoxyl radicals. Its products include several catego...

How to counter radical narratives: Dutch deradicalization policy in the case of Moluccan and Islamic radicals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Demant, F.; de Graaf, B.

2010-01-01

This article deals with the role of government in encouraging the decline of radical movements. The question posed is: "Which story can the government tell to encourage the decline of radical groups and the disengagement of their members?" The article makes use of the survey of factors promoting

Manejo da asma aguda em adultos na sala de emergência: evidências atuais Management of acute asthma in adults in the emergency room: current evidence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo de Tarso Roth Dalcin

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Asma é uma doença com uma alta prevalência em nosso meio e ao redor do mundo. Embora novas opções terapêuticas tenham sido recentemente desenvolvidas, parece haver um aumento mundial na sua morbidade e mortalidade. Em muitas instituições, as exacerbações asmáticas ainda se constituem em uma emergência médica muito comum. As evidências têm demonstrado que o manejo da asma aguda na sala de emergência concentra decisões cruciais que podem determinar o desfecho desta situação clínica. Nesta revisão, enfocaremos a avaliação e o tratamento do paciente com asma aguda na sala de emergência, descrevendo uma estratégia apropriada para o seu manejo. Serão consideradas as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico, avaliação da gravidade, tratamento, avaliação das complicações, decisão sobre onde se realizará o tratamento adicional e orientações por ocasião da alta da emergência. Espera-se que estas recomendações contribuam para que o médico clínico tome as decisões apropriadas durante o manejo da asma aguda na sala de emergência.Asthma is a disease with high prevalence in our country and worldwide. Although new therapeutic approaches have been developed recently, there seems to be a global increase in morbidity and mortality from asthma. In many institutions, asthma exacerbation is still a common medical emergency. Clinical evidence demonstrates that management of acute asthma in the emergency room entails crucial decisions that could determine the clinical outcome. In this review, the authors focus on assessment and treatment of patients with acute asthma and outline an appropriate management strategy. Diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, complications, decision about where additional treatment will take place and orientations on discharge from the emergency will be considered. It is expected that these recommendations will help physicians to make the appropriate decisions about care of acute asthma in the emergency

Structure and Reactivity of the Glutathione Radical Cation: Radical Rearrangement from the Cysteine Sulfur to the Glutamic Acid alpha-Carbon Atom

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Osburn, S.; Berden, G.; Oomens, J.; Gulyuz, K.; Polfer, N.C.; O'Hair, R.A.J.; Ryzhov, V.

2013-01-01

A gas-phase radical rearrangement through intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) was studied in the glutathione radical cation, [-ECG](+.), which was generated by a homolytic cleavage of the protonated S-nitrosoglutathione. Ion-molecule reactions suggested that the radical migrates from the

Prioridades de intervención para la fase aguda de las emergencias complejas formuladas por nueve agencias de ayuda humanitaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Sofía Carrillo Jaimes

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Las Emergencias Complejas son un problema de Salud Pública internacional de frecuencia y magnitud crecientes que producen una importante mortalidad y morbilidad especialmente durante su fase aguda. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar las áreas prioritarias de intervención en la fase aguda de una emergencia compleja formuladas en los manuales operativos de las principales agencias de ayuda, así como el nivel de desarrollo y estructuración de las actividades propuestas en cada área de prioridad. Métodos: Como material de estudio se utilizaron los manuales de intervención elaborados por 9 de las principales agencias de ayuda. Se procedió a un análisis cuantitativo de las 16 prioridades de intervención planteadas así como del nivel de formulación de cada prioridad en base al desarrollo de 73 variables o aspectos de las propuestas formuladas en los manuales. Resultados: El manual de ACNUR recoge el 90% de las 73 variables de desarrollo de las prioridades y el de Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios de Naciones Unidas el 35% de las 73 variables. ACNUR presenta el mejor desarrollo de las variables no sanitarias, seguido de MSF y USAID. Médicos sin fronteras muestra un grado de desarrollo de las variables sanitarias del 97,3% seguido de ACNUR (94,7%, USAID y UNICEF (92,1%. Conclusiones: Se ha encontrado que ACNUR tiene la propuesta más integral y Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios de Naciones Unidas la más discreta. Existe una tendencia general a desarrollar y unificar los indicadores de salud, mientras que otros aspectos no se desarrollan.

Photodynamically generated bovine serum albumin radicals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Silvester, J A; Timmins, G S; Davies, Michael Jonathan

1998-01-01

Porphyrin-sensitized photoxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) results in oxidation of the protein at (at least) two different, specific sites: the Cys-34 residue giving rise to a thiyl radical (RS.); and one or both of the tryptophan residues (Trp-134 and Trp-214) resulting in the formation...... of tertiary carbon-centred radicals and disruption of the tryptophan ring system. In the case of porphyrins such as hematoporphyrin, which bind at specific sites on BSA, these species appear to arise via long-range transfer of damage within the protein structure, as the binding site is some distance from...... the ultimate site of radical formation. This transfer of damage is shown to depend on a number of factors including the conformation of the protein, the presence of blocking groups and pH. Alteration of the protein conformation results in radical formation at additional (or alternative) sites, as does blocking...

Estructura hospitalaria y su relación con la sobrevida de pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda

OpenAIRE

Miranda-Lora, América Liliana; Klünder-Klünder, Miguel; Ruíz-Cano, Jenifer; Reyes-López, Alfonso; Dorantes-Acosta, Elisa; Zapata-Tarrés, Marta; Manuell-Lee, Gabriel; Garduño-Espinosa, Juan; Muñoz-Hernández, Onofre

2012-01-01

Introducción. Se han identificado características de las unidades médicas que pueden considerarse como estándares ideales para la atención de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer. La implementación de estos estándares ha mejorado la sobrevida de los pacientes. Como parte de la evaluación de la calidad de la atención que reciben los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda afiliados al Seguro Popular, se analizó la relación entre la estructura de las unidades médicas y la mortalidad hospitalaria. Mé...

The Rise of Radicals in Bioinorganic Chemistry

OpenAIRE

Gray, Harry B.; Winkler, Jay R.

2016-01-01

Prior to 1950, the consensus was that biological transformations occurred in two-electron steps, thereby avoiding the generation of free radicals. Dramatic advances in spectroscopy, biochemistry, and molecular biology have led to the realization that protein-based radicals participate in a vast array of vital biological mechanisms. Redox processes involving high-potential intermediates formed in reactions with O_2 are particularly susceptible to radical formation. Clusters of tyrosine (Tyr) a...

Fisiopatología de la diarrea aguda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl L. Riverón Corteguera

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Es un artículo de revisión de los aspectos importantes de la fisiopatología de la diarrea. Se hace una descripción de la fisiopatología intestinal que incluye la anatomía del intestino y de su superficie de absorción y la estructura funcional de la mucosa intestinal. La fisiopatología normal de los líquidos intestinales. Mecanismo de absorción del agua y los electrólitos. Absorción de sodio por difusión electrogénica, unido al ion cloro, intercambio con el ion hidrógeno y unido a sustancias orgánicas como glucosa, aminoácidos y algunos oligopéptidos; secreción intestinal de agua y electrólitos. Control intracelular de la secreción. Mediadores y moduladores extracelulares del transporte intestinal. Factores que aumentan la absorción y reducen la secreción. Factores que estimulan la secreción y reducen la absorción Mecanismo fisiopatológico de la diarrea. Clasificación de la diarrea infecciosa aguda: acuosa secretoria y osmótica; diarrea con sangre invasiva y no invasiva.This a review of some important aspects of the physiopathology of diarrhea. A description is made of the intestinal physiopathology, including the anatomy of the intestine and of its surface of absorption, as well as the functional structure of the intestinal mucosa: the normal physiopathology of the intestinal fluids; the mechanism of absorption of water and electrolites; the absorption of sodium by electrogenic difussion, joined to the chloride ion; the interchange with the hydrogen ion and attached to organic substances, such as glucose, aminoacids and some oligopeptides; the intestinal secretion of water and electrolites; the intracellular control of secretion, the extracellular mediators and modulators of intestinal transport; the factors that increase absorption and reduce secretion; the factors that stimulate secretion and absorption; and the physiopathological mechanism of diarrhea. The classification of acute infectious diarrhea in aqueous

Radical prostatectomy. Results and indications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jacqmin, D.

1997-01-01

Radical prostatectomy is the surgical curative treatment of localized prostate cancer. The survival is good in young patients (<70) with T2 N0M0 tumors and more than 10 year's life expectancy. Side-effects are urinary incontinence, impotence and anastomosis stricture. Quality of life should be considered as an important factor for the choice of the patient between radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and follow-up. (author)

Invasive Aspergillus flavus sinusitis: case report in a patient with biphenotypic acute leukemia Sinusite invasiva por Aspergillus flavus: relato de um caso associado a leucemia aguda bifenotípica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melissa Orzechowski Xavier

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Here we report a case of invasive pansinusitis with proptosis of the right eye caused by Aspergillus flavus in an immunocompromised patient with acute biphenotypic leukemia without aggressive therapy response.Descreve-se um caso de pansinusite invasiva com proptose do globo ocular direito causado por Aspergillus flavus em um paciente imunossuprimido com leucemia aguda bifenotípica sem resposta a terapia agressiva.

Responsibility for radical change in addressing climate change

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bouvrie, des N.; Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I.S.E.; Jollands, N.

2015-01-01

To radically address the problem of climate change, it is not enough to modify specific attitudes and behaviors while upholding the present paradigms. This article aims to show why modifications will never bring about radical carbon emission reductions. We discuss what it implies to desire radical

Complicaciones de la apendicectomía por apendicitis aguda Complications of the appendicectomy due to acute appendicitis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zenén Rodríguez Fernández

2010-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. La apendicectomía por apendicitis aguda es la operación de urgencia más común en los servicios quirúrgicos, pero no está exenta de complicaciones condicionadas por factores poco conocidos, cuya determinación podría disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta causa. Fue objetivo de esta investigación identificar algunos factores relacionados con la aparición de complicaciones en los pacientes apendicectomizados por apendicitis aguda. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo de 560 pacientes apendicectomizados, con diagnóstico histopatológico de apendicitis aguda, egresados del Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Docente «Saturnino Lora» de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2006. RESULTADOS. El 21,6 % de la serie sufrió algún tipo de complicación, principalmente la infección del sitio operatorio. Las complicaciones aumentaron en relación con la edad y se presentaron más frecuentemente en los pacientes con enfermedades asociadas, estado físico más precario, mayor tiempo de evolución preoperatoria, así como en las formas histopatológicas más avanzadas de la afección (en las que se incluyen los 4 pacientes fallecidos. La aparición de tales complicaciones puede ser causa de reintervenciones y de aumento de la estadía hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES. El diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad y la apendicectomía inmediata con una técnica quirúrgica adecuada previenen la aparición de complicaciones posquirúrgicas y determinan el éxito del único tratamiento eficaz contra la afección más común que causa el abdomen agudo, cuyo pronóstico depende en gran medida y entre otros factores, del tiempo de evolución preoperatoria y de la fase en que se encuentre el proceso morboso al realizar la intervención.INTRODUCTION. Appendicectomy due to acute appendicitis is the commonest urgency operation in surgical services but it is not exempt from complications conditions by

Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex-LA: Model comparisons and radical budgets

Science.gov (United States)

Griffith, S. M.; Hansen, R. F.; Dusanter, S.; Michoud, V.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Veres, P. R.; Graus, M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Roberts, J.; Young, C.; Washenfelder, R.; Brown, S. S.; Thalman, R.; Waxman, E.; Volkamer, R.; Tsai, C.; Stutz, J.; Flynn, J. H.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B.; Alvarez, S. L.; Rappenglueck, B.; Mielke, L. H.; Osthoff, H. D.; Stevens, P. S.

2016-04-01

Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2*) radical concentrations were made at the Pasadena ground site during the CalNex-LA 2010 campaign using the laser-induced fluorescence-fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique. The measured concentrations of OH and HO2* exhibited a distinct weekend effect, with higher radical concentrations observed on the weekends corresponding to lower levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The radical measurements were compared to results from a zero-dimensional model using the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism-2 constrained by NOx and other measured trace gases. The chemical model overpredicted measured OH concentrations during the weekends by a factor of approximately 1.4 ± 0.3 (1σ), but the agreement was better during the weekdays (ratio of 1.0 ± 0.2). Model predicted HO2* concentrations underpredicted by a factor of 1.3 ± 0.2 on the weekends, while measured weekday concentrations were underpredicted by a factor of 3.0 ± 0.5. However, increasing the modeled OH reactivity to match the measured total OH reactivity improved the overall agreement for both OH and HO2* on all days. A radical budget analysis suggests that photolysis of carbonyls and formaldehyde together accounted for approximately 40% of radical initiation with photolysis of nitrous acid accounting for 30% at the measurement height and ozone photolysis contributing less than 20%. An analysis of the ozone production sensitivity reveals that during the week, ozone production was limited by volatile organic compounds throughout the day during the campaign but NOx limited during the afternoon on the weekends.

An Appreciation of Free Radical Chemistry

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

... Lecture Workshops · Refresher Courses · Symposia · Live Streaming. Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 10; Issue 9. An Appreciation of Free Radical Chemistry - 6. Experiments Involving Free Radicals. G Nagendrappa. Classroom Volume 10 Issue 9 September 2005 pp 79-84 ...

Reorientation dynamics of cyclohexadienyl radicals in zeolites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stolmar, M.; Roduner, E.; Dilger, H.; Himmer, U.; Shelley, M.; Reid, I.D.

1997-01-01

The dynamics of the muonium substituted cyclohexadienyl radical adsorbed on silicalite and NaZSM-5 is investigated by means of avoided level crossing muon spin resonance. The influence of benzene loading on the mobility of the radical is studied. At low loadings the radicals were found to be located on a single adsorption site where they undergo a wobbling type of motion. With increasing loading an additional species adsorbed on a different site is observed

Interactions between simple radicals and water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crespo-Otero, Rachel; Sanchez-Garcia, Elsa; Suardiaz, Reynier; Montero, Luis A.; Sander, Wolfram

2008-01-01

The interactions of the simple radicals CH 3 , NH 2 , OH, and F with water have been studied by DFT (UB3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)) and ab initio (RHF-UCCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,2p)) methods. In this order the number of lone pairs (from zero to three), the electronegativity, and the strength of the X-H bonds increase (X = C, N, and O). The various minima of the radical-water complexes were located using the multiple minima hypersurface (MMH) approach which had previously been proven to be useful for closed-shell molecules. The role of the unpaired electron in hydrogen bonding was investigated using the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. A considerable contribution of the unpaired electron to the complex stabilization was only found for the methyl radical and the fluorine atom, whereas in the aminyl and the hydroxyl radical the role of the unpaired electron is negligible

Muon level crossing resonance spectroscopy applied to free-radical formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venkateswaran, K.; Barnabas, M.V.; Walker, D.C.

1989-01-01

Muon Level Crossing Resonance Spectroscopy has been used to explore two aspects of muonium chemistry: unique free radicals and muonated radical yields. (1) A variety of new free-radicals have been seen by LCR. For instance, in thioacetamide the only radical produced from muonium is the S sm-bullet radical formed when Mu adds to the C of the C=S bond. In allylbenzene a whole range of radicals form with substantial yields (two side-chain and three ring additions); whereas in styrene, 85% of the radicals have Mu bonded to the end C of the side-chain and there is no meta-adduct at all. (2) Absolute yields of the radicals formed by interaction of muonium atoms in water with acrylamide as a solute (and with benzene in n-hexane) have shown that all muons not directly incorporated into diamagnetic molecules (such as MuH) appear as muonated free radicals. i.e. the missing fraction is found

Geminate free radical processes and magnetic field effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eveson, Robert W.

2000-01-01

This thesis is concerned with the study of the dynamics of radical pair recombination reactions in solution by flash photolysis Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and the influence of low static external magnetic fields upon them (MFE). An outline of the concepts of ESR is presented, followed by the theories of Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarisation (CIDEP) of transient radical pairs. This is then followed by a brief review of the flash photolysis ESR apparatus and application of the Bloch equations to solve the equations of time-resolved ESR. Completing the theory section is an overview of the mechanisms by which magnetic fields alter the course of a geminate radical pair reaction in solution. Experimental CIDEP observations of the radical pair produced on photolysis of 1,3-dihydroxypropanone are simulated using polarisation theory and applied to a random-walk diffusion model to find, for the first time, the geminate reaction probability in solutions of varying viscosity. CIDEP spectra of the radical pair formed on photolysis of hydroxypropanone in contrast are not accounted for by current polarisation theory. The discrepancy is due to moderately fast relaxation of the acyl radical, CH 3 CO·, which alters the relative intensities in the ST 0 RPM pattern of the counter radical. Calculations taking into account this now provide an adequate basis for simulation of the spectrum. This method also, in principle, represents a new method for the measurement of phase relaxation times. Concluding the ESR work is a CIDEP study of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide. Unusual spin polarisation phenomena are found. The time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy technique used for detecting low magnetic field effects on neutral radical pair reactions is described. Various improvements to the experiment are discussed which result in the observation of the low field effect for a neutral radical pair produced by Norrish type II chemistry. This is followed by an

Insuficiência respiratória aguda como primeira manifestação de esclerose lateral amiotrófica: dois casos clínicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana Moreira

2004-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA é uma doença neuromuscular rapidamente progressiva que envolve todos os grupos musculares com excepção dos músculos extra-oculares e dos esfíncteres. A maior causa de morbilidade e mortalidade são as complicações respiratórias que surgem habitualmente numa fase tardia da história natural da doença. Num número reduzido de casos, a ELA tem como manifestação inicial a insuficiência respiratória aguda.Os autores apresentam 2 casos clínicos de doentes internados num Serviço de pneumologia, sem doença neuromuscular prévia conhecida, com o diagnóstico de insuficiência respiratória aguda de etiologia desconhecida e que se revelaram ser ELA.A análise dos casos discutidos, e dos que estão já publicados na literatura, sugere que o aparecimento de insuficiência respiratória aguda em doentes sem história prévia de patologia pulmonar e/ou cardíaca, especialmente na 5.ª e 6.ª décadas de vida, deve alertar para a ELA como hipótese diagnóstica.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (6: 499-504 ABSTRACT: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS is a fast progressing neuromuscular disease that affects all but the extrinsic muscles of the eye and sphincters. The main cause of morbidity and mortality are the respiratory complications that usually start in a late stage of the disease’s natural history. In a small number of cases acute respiratory failure is the initial manifestation of the disease.The authors present 2 case studies admitted to a pulmonary department, without previously known neuromuscular disease, with the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure of unknown ethiology and that were later shown to be cases of ALS.Analysis of the cases presented here, and those already published in the literature, suggests that the occurrence of acute respiratory failure in patients without a previous history of pulmonary and

Presença de anticorpo anti-Lutheran B em paciente com leucemia linfóide aguda Anti-Lutheran B in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Maria do Rosário F. Roberti

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Leucemias agudas necessitam de suporte hemoterápico para serem tratadas adequadamente. A presença do anticorpo anti-Lutheran B e a alta freqüência do antígeno em nossa população dificulta o tratamento de doenças hematológicas que necessitam de suporte transfusional, tais como a leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA. Alternativas de tratamento hemoterápico são abordadas neste artigo. Descreve-se o caso de uma paciente com LLA e anticorpo anti-Lutheran B. A dificuldade em encontrar sangue compatível levou os autores a adotarem estratégia conservadora no tratamento hemoterápico. O uso de eritropoetina e a adoção de protocolo quimioterápico individualizado viabilizaram os resultados obtidos.Acute leukemia needs hemotherapeutic support to be successfully treated. The Lutheran B antibody, specifically the high frequency of this antigen in our population, has made it difficult to treat hematological malignancies that need transfusional support, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Finding compatible blood is complex and so the authors adopted a conservative treatment strategy. The prescription of epoetin and an individualized chemotherapy protocol may improve results. We describe a case report of a patient with anti-Lutheran B antibody and how difficulties to find compatible blood were solved.

Tratamiento actual de la exacerbación aguda de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica Present treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Nancy Guinart Zayas

2006-06-01

Full Text Available La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una entidad altamente prevalente en nuestro país a consecuencia del aumento del hábito de fumar y de la expectativa de vida. En los países de nuestro entorno ocupa el cuarto lugar como causa de muerte y su incidencia va en aumento. Su exacerbación aguda puede deberse a muy diferentes motivos, y supone una consulta frecuente tanto en el ámbito de la atención primaria como hospitalaria. En el presente trabajo se revisa el tratamiento actual de la exacerbación aguda, en la que hay que considerar obligatorios, el oxígeno en concentración adecuada, los broncodilatadores, los corticoides y los antibióticos.In our country, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a highly prevalent entity as a result of the increase of smoking and of life expectancy. In our geographical area, it is the fourth cause of death and its incidence is growing. Its acute exacerbation may be caused by very different reasons, and it should be frequently consulted, both at the primary care and hospital level. In this paper, the current treatment of acute exacerbation is reviewed. A proper oxygen concentration, bronchodilators, corticoids, and antibiotics should be considered as compulsory for this condition.

1,2-Fluorine Radical Rearrangements: Isomerization Events in Perfluorinated Radicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Hoomissen, Daniel J; Vyas, Shubham

2017-11-16

Devising effective degradation technologies for perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is an active area of research, where the molecular mechanisms involving both oxidative and reductive pathways are still elusive. One commonly neglected pathway in PFAS degradation is fluorine atom migration in perfluoroalkyl radicals, which was largely assumed to be implausible because of the high C-F bond strength. Using density functional theory calculations, it was demonstrated that 1,2-F atom migrations are thermodynamically favored when the fluorine atom migrated from a less branched carbon center to a more branched carbon center. Activation barriers for these rearrangements were within 19-29 kcal/mol, which are possible to easily overcome at elevated temperatures or in photochemically activated species in the gas or aqueous phase. It was also found that the activation barriers for the 1,2-F atom migration are lowered as much as by 10 kcal/mol when common oxidative degradation products such as HF assisted the rearrangements or if the resulting radical center was stabilized by vicinal π-bonds. Natural bond orbital analyses showed that fluorine moves as a radical in a noncharge-separated state. These findings add an important reaction to the existing knowledge of mechanisms for PFAS degradation and highlights the fact that 1,2-F atom shifts may be a small channel for isomerization of these compounds, but upon availability of mineralization products, this isomerization process could become more prominent.

Comparative study of radical oxidation of DNA and its nucleosides by hydroxyl radicals and ferryl ions generated by the Fenton reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mouret, J.F.; Berger, M.; Anselmino, C.; Polverelli, M.; Cadet, J.

1991-01-01

A comparative study of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals and Fenton type oxidative species with DNA and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides was investigated. This study was based on the characterization of the diamagnetic products resulting from the chemical transformation of the transient radicals. Emphasis was placed on the radical oxidative reactions of the purine nucleosides. It is interesting to note that oxidative purine radicals can be reduced by reagents such as ascorbic acid or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1, 4-p-phenylenediamine. The observed differences in the nature of the decomposition products resulting from the Fenton reaction are not consistent with the nature of the oxidative species (hydroxyl radicals or ferryl ions) involved, but due to the presence of ferrous sulfate [fr

Photoactivation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins: involvement of free radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakker, J.; Gommers, F.J.; Smits, L.; Fuchs, A.; Vries, F.W. de

1983-01-01

Ultraviolet irradiation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins phaseollin, 3.6a. 9-trihydroxypterocarpan, glyceollin, tuberosin and pisatin, but not medicarpin, brought about inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in an in vitro assay system. Photoinactivation of the enzyme by photoactivated pisatin in air-saturated solutions was hardly affected by singlet oxygen quenchers such as NaN 3 , bovine serum albumin, histidine or methionine. Neither addition of the hydroxyl radical scavengers mannitol, Na-benzoate and ethanol nor the presence of catalase or superoxide dismutase protected the enzyme against photoinactivation, suggesting that OHradical, H 2 O 2 and O 2 radical are not the reactive oxygen species involved. However, the free radical scavenger S-(2-amino-ethyl)isothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET) protected the enzyme against inactivation by photoactivated pisatin. Direct evidence for the generation of free radicals was obtained by ESR measurements of solutions of phaseollin, pisatin and medicarpin in hexane irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence or absence of O 2 . Phaseollin produced the most stable free radicals, whereas medicarpin hardly gave rise to free radical formation; pisatin took a somewhat intermediate position by producing a strong ESR signal which, however, decayed rather quickly. These results indicate free radical formation as the cause for photoinactivation of enzymes by photoactivated isoflavonoid phytoalexins. (author)

Enhancing production through optimisation of DPPH and radical ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of dry matter for DPPH radical scavenging activity. Methanol had the lowest value (78 mg g-1 dry matter) for polyphenol extracts and 80 mg g-1 for the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The main extract compounds were gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. Key Words: High density lipids, polyphenol, radical scavenging ...

Guía para la práctica clínica de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas

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Elsie Freijoso Santiesteban

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una guía para la práctica clínica de las enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA, cuyo objetivo principal es el de establecer recomendaciones para el manejo terapéutico de pacientes con EDA. En la misma se abordan las definiciones y causas de las EDA, los objetivos del tratamiento, la evaluación del paciente con diarreas y las características clínico epidemiológicas, así como las consideraciones terapéuticas y tratamientos para las diarreas causadas por diferentes microorganismos.A clinical practice guide for acute diarrheal diseases, which is aimed at making recommendations for therapeutical management of patients suffering from acute diarrheal diseases, was presented. This guide dealt with definitions and causes of acute diarrheal diseases, the objectives of the treatment, the assessment of patients with diarrheas, the clinical and epidemiological characteristics as well as therapeutical considerations and therapies for managing diarrheas caused by several microorganisms.

Preditores de injúria renal aguda em pacientes submetidos ao transplante ortotópico de fígado convencional sem desvio venovenoso Predictors of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing a conventional orthotopic liver transplant without veno-venous bypass

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Olival Cirilo L. da Fonseca-Neto

2011-06-01

Full Text Available RADICAL: Injúria renal aguda é uma das complicações mais comuns do transplante ortotópico de fígado. A ausência de critério universal para sua definição nestas condições dificulta as comparações entre os estudos. A técnica convencional para o transplante consiste na excisão total da veia cava inferior retro-hepática durante a hepatectomia nativa. Controvérsias sobre o efeito da técnica convencional sem desvio venovenoso na função renal continuam. OBJETIVO: Estimar a incidência e os fatores de risco de injúria renal aguda entre os receptores de transplante ortotópico de fígado convencional sem desvio venovenoso. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 375 pacientes submetidos a transplante ortotópico de fígado. Foram analisadas as variáveis pré, intra e pós-operatórias em 153 pacientes submetidos a transplante ortotópico de fígado convencional sem desvio venovenoso. O critério para a injúria renal aguda foi valor da creatinina sérica > 1,5 mg/dl ou débito urinário BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury is one of the most common complications of orthotopic liver transplantation. The absence of universal criteria for definition of these conditions make comparisons difficult between studies. The conventional technique for transplantation is the total excision of the inferior vena cava during liver retro-native hepatectomy. Controversies about the effect of the conventional technique without venovenous bypass on renal function remain. AIM: To estimate the incidence and risk of acute kidney injury factors among recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation without conventional venovenous bypass. METHODS: Was studied 375 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Variables were analyzed in preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative complications in 153 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation without conventional venovenous bypass. The criterion for acute kidney injury was serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl or

Hydroxyl-radical induced dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Yongke; Wu Jilan; Fang Xingwang; Sonntag, C. von

1998-01-01

The hydroxyl-radical induced dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in water has been investigated pulse radiolytically. Hydroxyl radicals react with PCP by both electron transfer and addition. The former process results in pentachlorophenoxyl radicals (PCP-O), the latter process followed by rapid HCl elimination gives birth to deprotonated hydroxytetrachlorophenoxyl radicals ( - O-TCP-O). These phenoxyl radicals exhibit maximum absorption around 452 nm, which hinders the proper estimation of the ratio of the two processes. However, these two processes cause different changes in conductivity. In basic solution, the electron transfer causes a conductivity increase due to the formation of OH - whereas an addition followed by HCl elimination results in a conductivity decrease. The concurrence of these two processes reduces the relative variation in conductivity, from which about 53% electron transfer is deduced

Exploring the Theories of Radicalization

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Maskaliūnaitė Asta

2015-12-01

Full Text Available After the London bombings in July 2005, the concern of terrorism scholars and policy makers has turned to “home-grown” terrorism and potential for political violence from within the states. “Radicalization” became a new buzz word. This article follows a number of reviews of the literature on radicalization and offers another angle for looking at this research. First, it discusses the term “radicalization” and suggests the use of the following definition of radicalization as a process by which a person adopts belief systems which justify the use of violence to effect social change and comes to actively support as well as employ violent means for political purposes. Next, it proposes to see the theories of radicalization focusing on the individual and the two dimensions of his/her motivation: whether that motivation is internal or external and whether it is due to personal choice or either internal (due to some psychological traits or external compulsion. Though not all theories fall neatly within these categories, they make it possible to make comparisons of contributions from a variety of different areas thus reflecting on the interdisciplinary nature of the study of terrorism in general and radicalization as a part of it.

Superoxide radical (O2-) reactivity with respect to glutathione

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sekaki, A.; Gardes-Albert, M.; Ferradini, C.

1984-01-01

Influence of superoxide radicals formed during gamma irradiation of glutathione in aerated aqueous solutions is examined. Solutions are buffered at pH7 and contain sodium formate for capture of H and OH radicals which are transformed in COO - radicals and then O 2 - radicals. G value of glutathione disparition vs glutathione concentration are given with and without enzyme or catalase. Reaction mechanism are interpreted [fr

Há evidências favorecendo o uso de betabloqueadores e dobutamina na insuficiência cardíaca aguda?

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Luiz Carlos Santana Passos

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Diversos estudos relataram os benefícios dos betabloqueadores (BB para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica. No entanto, muitos pacientes hospitalizados em decorrência de insuficiência cardíaca aguda já estão usando os BB e requerem dobutaminas para hipotensão arterial e baixo débito cardíaco. Portanto, deve-se tomar uma decisão a respeito de se o BB deve ser mantido ou até mesmo iniciado nesses casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se há provas que sustentem a segurança e a eficácia dos BB junto com a dobutamina para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca aguda descompensada (ICAD. Foi realizada uma pesquisa na literatura de língua inglesa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cochrane Library e o Portal de Revistas Científicas do Capes para identificar estudos relacionados. Literatura adicional foi obtida mediante a análise das respectivas referências encontradas nos artigos identificados. Os resultados esperados incluíram informações sobre o prognóstico (intra-hospitalar e na mortalidade no acompanhamento, número de dias de internação e reinternação, eficácia e segurança (agravamento dos sintomas, choque, intolerância do uso concomitante desses medicamentos em pacientes hospitalizados com ICAD e baixo débito cardíaco. Esta análise incluiu nove estudos. No entanto, não foram encontrados ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre o assunto. A maioria dos estudos inclui baixo número de pacientes, e não foram encontrados estudos que abordem a segurança do uso concomitante desses medicamentos. Os dados resultantes sugerem que uma cuidadosa revisão da literatura não forneceu evidências para o uso sistemático de BB em pacientes com síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco que necessitam de suporte inotrópico com dobutamina.

Reactions of melatonin with radicals in deoxygenated aqueous solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stasica, P.; Ulanski, P.; Rosiak, J.M.

1998-01-01

Reactions of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) with radiolytically generated radicals were studied. Reaction of melatonin with OH radicals is diffusion-controlled (k=1.2 x 10 10 dm 3 mol -1 x s -1 ), the main (but not the only one) intermediate being the indolyl-type radical, while the rate constant for the reaction with hydrated electrons is k=4.3 x 10 8 dm 3 x mol -1 x s -1 . Melatonin is capable of scavenging tert-butanol radicals, while its reactivity towards polymer radicals of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) is very low. (author)

Factores pronósticos del éxito de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda

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Zadis Navarro Rodríguez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y analítico, de casos y controles, de 41 afectados con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, tratados con ventilación mecánica no invasiva y egresados de las unidades de atención a pacientes en estado grave en el Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, del 2012 al 2013, con vistas a describir la variabilidad de los parámetros fisiológicos y hemogasométricos, así como estimar la capacidad de pronóstico de estos en el desenlace exitoso del procedimiento. En la serie la media de edad fue de 60 años, predominó el sexo masculino (61,0 %, la técnica fue exitosa en 80,5 % y se constataron resultados significativos de éxito en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, asma bronquial e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda posextubación (76,9; 87,5 y 100,0 %, respectivamente. El éxito de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva trajo aparejada una mejoría considerable en los integrantes de la casuística al final de la evaluación de todos los parámetros fisiológicos y hemogasométricos, a excepción, en este último caso, de la presión arterial de dióxido de carbono y el bicarbonato sódico. Finalmente se concluyó que solo la escala de coma de Glasgow y la presión arterial de oxígeno presentaron importancia significativa para el pronóstico de éxito

Cinesioterapia previne ombro doloroso em pacientes hemiplégicos/paréticos na fase sub-aguda do acidente vascular encefálico

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Horn Agnes Irna

2003-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Ombro doloroso é freqüente em pacientes com hemiplegia/hemiparesia (H/P por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE, dificultando a recuperação neuromotora gerando incapacidade funcional. OBJETIVO: Estudar tratamento fisioterapêutico para a prevenção da dor no ombro com H/P em pacientes com AVE na fase sub-aguda, e analisar desfechos secundários (força muscular do ombro acometido e movimentos funcionais ativos básicos. MÉTODO: Estudaram-se 21 pacientes (12 homens, 9 mulheres; idades 26 a 87 anos com H/P. O tratamento fisioterapêutico consistiu de 30 minutos diários de cinesioterapia, desde as 48 horas após o AVE até a alta hospitalar. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e após o tratamento em relação à presença ou ausência de dor no ombro H/P, à força dos diversos grupos musculares do ombro e quanto aos movimentos funcionais de transferência e manutenção postural básica. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente apresentava dor no ombro H/P na alta (p<0,001. A força muscular aumentou significativamente em relação à elevação, protusão, abdução e flexão do ombro (p<0,001. Houve melhora dos movimentos funcionais: decúbito dorsal para lateral, decúbito lateral para sentado e manter-se sentado (p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: A cinesioterapia na fase aguda do AVE preveniu a dor no ombro H/P e favoreceu a recuperação motora.

Alteraciones cromosómicas en Leucemias mieloides agudas, un estudio de nueve años en 312 pacientes, implicaciones en el diagnóstico, pronóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la enfermedad

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G. Guevara

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Definir el tipo, frecuencia y distribución de las alteraciones cromosómicas presentes en una población colombiana con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda. Determinar su asociación con las características clinicopatológicas y analizar su impacto sobre la sobrevida de los pacientes.

Sulfate radical-based water treatment in presence of chloride: formation of chlorate, inter-conversion of sulfate radicals into hydroxyl radicals and influence of bicarbonate.

Science.gov (United States)

Lutze, Holger V; Kerlin, Nils; Schmidt, Torsten C

2015-04-01

Sulfate radical (SO4(-)) based oxidation is discussed as a potential water treatment option and is already used in ground water remediation. However, the complex SO4(-) chemistry in various matrices is poorly understood. In that regard, the fast reaction of SO4(-) with Cl(-) is of high importance since Cl(-) belongs to the main constituents in aqueous environments. This reaction yields chlorine atoms (Cl) as primary products. Cl initiate a cascade of subsequent reactions with a pH dependent product pattern. At low pH ( 5 Cl mainly react with water yielding hydroxyl radicals. Thus, at moderate Cl(-) concentrations (mM range) the SO4(-)-based process may be converted into a conventional (hydroxyl radical -based) advanced oxidation process. The conversion of SO4(-) into OH, however, is interrupted in presence of bicarbonate by scavenging of Cl. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Free radical scavenging injectable hydrogels for regenerative therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Komeri, Remya; Thankam, Finosh Gnanaprakasam; Muthu, Jayabalan

2017-02-01

Pathological free radicals generated from inflamed and infarcted cardiac tissues interferes natural tissue repair mechanisms. Hypoxic microenvironment at the injured zone of non-regenerating cardiac tissues hinders the therapeutic attempts including cell therapy. Here we report an injectable, cytocompatible, free radical scavenging synthetic hydrogel formulation for regenerative therapy. New hydrogel (PEAX-P) is prepared with D-xylitol-co-fumarate-co-poly ethylene adipate-co-PEG comaromer (PEAX) and PEGDiacrylate. PEAX-P hydrogel swells 4.9 times the initial weight and retains 100.07kPa Young modulus at equilibrium swelling, which is suitable for cardiac applications. PEAX-P hydrogel retains elastic nature even at 60% compressive strain, which is favorable to fit with the dynamic and elastic natural tissue counterparts. PEAX-P hydrogel scavenges 51% DPPH radical, 40% hydroxyl radicals 41% nitrate radicals with 31% reducing power. The presence of hydrogel protects 62% cardiomyoblast cells treated with stress inducing media at LD 50 concentration. The free hydroxyl groups in sugar alcohols of the comacromer influence the free radical scavenging. Comparatively, PEAX-P hydrogel based on xylitol evinces slightly lower scavenging characteristics than with previously reported PEAM-P hydrogel containing mannitol having more hydroxyl groups. The possible free radical scavenging mechanism of the present hydrogel relies on the free π electrons associated with uncrosslinked fumarate bonds, hydrogen atoms associated with sugar alcohols/PEG and radical dilution by free water in the matrix. Briefly, the present PEAX-P hydrogel is a potential injectable system for combined antioxidant and regenerative therapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IRON AND FREE RADICAL OXIDATIONS IN CELL MEMBRANES

Science.gov (United States)

Schafer, Freya Q.; Yue Qian, Steven; Buettner, Garry R.

2013-01-01

Brain tissue being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, is very susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Iron is well known to be an important initiator of free radical oxidations. We propose that the principal route to iron-mediated lipid peroxidations is via iron-oxygen complexes rather than the reaction of iron with hydrogen peroxide, the Fenton reaction. To test this hypothesis, we enriched leukemia cells (K-562 and L1210 cells) with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a model for brain tissue, increasing the amount of DHA from approximately 3 mole % to 32 mole %. These cells were then subjected to ferrous iron and dioxygen to initiate lipid peroxidation in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. Lipid-derived radicals were detected using EPR spin trapping with α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-t-butylnitrone (POBN). As expected, lipid-derived radical formation increases with increasing cellular lipid unsaturation. Experiments with Desferal demonstrate that iron is required for the formation of lipid radicals from these cells. Addition of iron to DHA-enriched L1210 cells resulted in significant amounts of radical formation; radical formation increased with increasing amount of iron. However, the exposure of cells to hydrogen peroxide before the addition of ferrous iron did not increase cellular radical formation, but actually decreased spin adduct formation. These data suggest that iron-oxygen complexes are the primary route to the initiation of biological free radical oxidations. This model proposes a mechanism to explain how catalytic iron in brain tissue can be so destructive. PMID:10872752

ESR study of the anion radicals of 5-nitropyrimidines: conversion to iminoxy radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sevilla, M.D.; Clark, C.; Failor, R.

1976-01-01

The anion radicals of a number of 5-nitropyrimidines have been investigated by ESR spectroscopy. The anions are formed by electrolysis in dimethylformamide and by electron attachment in aqueous glasses, 12 M LiCl--D 2 O and 8 M NaOD. The electrolysis of 5-nitrouracil and 5-nitro-6-methyluracil results in relatively stable anion radicals. The results for 5-nitrouracil give evidence for two or perhaps three anions which differ only by the degree of ring nitrogen protonation. The results for 5-nitro-6-methyluracil suggest that the nitro group of the anion is twisted so that it is coupled only weakly to the ring π-electron system. The anions of 5-nitrouracil, 5-nitroorotic acid, 5-nitrobarbituric acid, and 5-nitro-6-methyluracil have been produced in the alkaline and neutral aqueous glasses. The anisotropic spectra found have been analyzed with the aid of computer simulations which assume axial symmetry. For example, the analysis of the spectrum of 5-nitrouracil anion in 12 M LiCl yields A/sub parallel//sup N/ = 33; A/sub perpendicular to//sup N/ = 5, a 6 /sup H/ = 5.5 G, g/sub parallel/ = 2.0016, and g/sub perpendicular to/ = 2.0059. A concentration dependence in the splittings is noted and discussed. Ultraviolet photolysis of the anions of 5-nitro-6-methyluracil and 5-nitrobarbituric acid results in the formation of iminoxy radicals. Mechanisms of formation of the iminoxy radicals are discussed and results found in this work are compared to results found in single crystals and aqueous solution

Características clínicas da fase aguda da infecção experimental de felinos pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina

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M.S. Zanutto

2011-03-01

Full Text Available A infecção dos felinos pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV resulta no desenvolvimento da síndrome de imunodeficiência dos felinos. Gengivite, perda de peso, linfadenomegalia generalizada, anemia, insuficiência renal crônica, complicações neurológicas, diarréia crônica e infecções bacterianas são encontradas frequentemente. A fase aguda da infecção pode ser assintomática, retardando o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e a implantação de medidas profiláticas para restringir o contágio e a transmissão do agente aos felinos suscetíveis. Com a finalidade de estudar as características clínicas da fase aguda da infecção, dez felinos jovens, sem definição racial, com oito meses de idade foram inoculados por via endovenosa com 1mL de sangue venoso de um gato portador do FIV subtipo B. A confirmação da infecção foi obtida através de teste sorológico em quatro e oito semanas pós-inoculação (p.i. e por nested-PCR. Foram realizados hemogramas semanais, exame ultrassonográfico do abdômen quinzenais e exame oftalmológico mensal, durante doze semanas p.i. Discreta tendência a linfopenia na segunda semana p.i. e a neutropenia entre a quinta e sétima semana p.i., febre intermitente em alguns gatos, linfadenomegalia e hepato-esplenomegalia entre a quarta e a 12ª semana p.i. foram as alterações clínicas observadas. Apenas um gato apresentou uveíte unilateral direita. A fase aguda da infecção transcorreu com alterações clínicas inespecíficas. A linfadenomegalia e a hepato-esplenomegalia observadas no decorrer da infecção, refletindo hiperplasia linfóide, sugerem a necessidade de se realizar o teste sorológico para o FIV, em todos os gatos que se apresentarem com essas alterações, o que permitirá o diagnóstico precoce da infecção e a adoção de medidas profiláticas no sentido de minimizar a propagação da infecção.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem respiratórios para crianças com infecção respiratória aguda Diagnósticos de enfermería respiratorios para niños con infección respiratoria aguda Respiratory nursing diagnoses for children with acute respiratory infection

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Lívia Zulmyra Cintra Andrade

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Identificar a prevalência dos diagnósticos de enfermagem: Padrão respiratório ineficaz (PRI, Desobstrução ineficaz de vias aéreas (DIVA, Troca de gases prejudicada (TGP e Ventilação espontânea prejudicada (VEP suas características definidoras e fatores relacionados, em crianças com infecção respiratória aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal, com 151 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e de avaliação pulmonar. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico mais prevalente foi PRI. Ruídos adventícios respiratórios e tosse ineficaz foram às características definidoras mais prevalentes. Ruídos adventícios respiratórios aumentam em 80% a chance para DIVA. Entre os fatores relacionados, destacaram-se: secreções nos brônquios e secreções retidas. Secreções nos brônquios favorecem em 80% a ocorrência de PRI e em 60% de DIVA. Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre as características e fatores relacionados com os diagnósticos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Os quatro diagnósticos foram identificados em crianças com infecções respiratórias agudas, apresentando prevalências distintas.OBJETIVOS: Identificar la prevalencia de los diagnósticos de enfermería: Patrón respiratorio ineficaz (PRI, Desobstrucción ineficaz de vías aéreas (DIVA, Intercambio de gases perjudicada (IGP y Ventilación espontánea perjudicada (VEP sus características definidoras y factores relacionados, en niños con infección respiratoria aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, transversal, realizado con 151 niños. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista y de evaluación pulmonar. Para el análisis de los datos, fue utilizada la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: El diagnóstico más prevalente fue el PRI. Los ruidos adventicios respiratorios y tos ineficaz fueron

Tratamiento con trióxido de arsénico en pacientes con leucemia promielocítica aguda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lidia Clara Suárez Beyríes

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 17 adultos con leucemia promielocítica aguda, atendidos en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba durante un quinquenio, con vistas a evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento de inducción con trióxido de arsénico. En la casuística, la remisión hematológica completa se obtuvo en 82,4 % de sus integrantes a los 42,2 días como promedio. Predominaron la hepatotoxicidad y los dolores óseos como reacciones adversas más comunes, así como también las hemorragias severas como causa principal de muerte. Con este tratamiento se logró la incorporación laboral de quienes mejoraron totalmente y la sobrevida global hasta la fecha es de 76,4 %

Comparison of Nerve-Sparing Radical Hysterectomy and Radical Hysterectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhuowei Xue

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: Radical hysterectomy (RH for the treatment of cervical cancer frequently caused pelvic organ dysfunctions. This study aimed to compare the results of pelvic organ function and recurrence rate after Nerve sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH and RH treatment through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database were searched from inception to 25 February 2015. Studies of cervical cancer which reported radical hysterectomy or nerve sparing radical hysterectomy were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the guidelines of Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration. Results: A total of 20 studies were finally included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that NSRH was associated with less bladder and anorectal dysfunction than RH. The time to bladder and anorectal function recovery after NSRH was shorter than RH. Patients undergoing NSRH also scored higher than patients undergoing RH at Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI. On the other hand, the local recurrence and overall recurrence rate were similar between NSRH and RH. Conclusion: NSRH may be an effective technique for lowering pelvic organ dysfunction and improving the function recovery without increasing the recurrence rate of cervical cancer.

Flavonoids as scavengers of nitric oxide radical.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Acker, S.A.B.E.; Tromp, M.N.J.L.; Haenen, G.R.M.M.; van der Vijgh, W.J.F.; Bast, A.

1995-01-01

Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring compounds used, e.g., in the treatment of vascular endothelial damage. They are known to be excellent scavengers of oxygen free radicals. Since the nitric oxide radical (

Progress on resonance ionization detection of combustion radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cool, T.A.

1994-01-01

Selective laser ionization techniques are used in our laboratory for the measurement of concentration profiles of radical intermediates in the combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbon flames. A new ultrasensitive detection technique, made possible with the advent of tunable VUV laser sources, enables the selective near-threshold photoionization of all radical intermediates in premixed hydrocarbon and chlorinated hydrocarbon flames. The progress made on the following three separate experiments during the past year is briefly described in this report. Flame Radical Concentration Measurements with VUV Spectroscopy; observation of hyperfine quantum beats in cyanogen; and the spectroscopy of the ClCO radical

Radical production in the radiolysis of benzene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LaVerne, J.A.; Araos, M.S.

1998-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. Benzene is the prototypical aromatic compound and yet the radiation chemistry of the radicals formed in its radiolysis is not well understood. Temporal information on the yield of phenyl radical, the major radical produced in the radiolysis, is important for understanding the radiation chemistry of many other types of aromatic compounds including some polymers. The effects of track structure on the production of phenyl radicals have been examined using iodine-scavenging techniques. The variation of the yields of iodobenzene and the other major molecular products such as biphenyl as a function of iodine concentration gives a good indication of the competition kinetics occurring in particle tracks. Experimental results of the scavenger experiments will be shown and their implications in the radiolysis of condensed hydrocarbons will be discussed

Angiotomografia de coronárias na avaliação da dor torácica aguda na sala de emergência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Eduardo Elias dos Prazeres

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A angiotomografia de coronárias emergiu recentemente como uma ferramenta diagnóstica acurada na avaliação da doença arterial coronariana, fornecendo dados diagnósticos e prognósticos que se correlacionam diretamente com os dados fornecidos pela cineangiocoronariografia. Com a evolução tecnológica, permitindo melhora na resolução temporal, espacial, melhor cobertura do volume cardíaco com redução significativa da dose de radiação, somada à necessidade de protocolos de estratificação de risco mais efetivos para pacientes com dor torácica no pronto-socorro, sua aplicação passou a ser testada no cenário da dor torácica aguda, já que cerca de dois terços das angiografias coronarianas invasivas não demonstram doença coronariana obstrutiva significativa. Na prática diária, sem o uso de tecnologias mais eficientes, como a angiotomografia de coronárias, permanece um desafio ao médico do setor de emergência a estratificação segura e eficiente do paciente com dor torácica aguda. Recentemente, vários estudos, incluindo três randomizados, mostraram resultados favoráveis ao uso dessa tecnologia no pronto-socorro para pacientes com baixa a intermediária probabilidade de doença arterial coronariana. Nesta revisão, apresentamos os dados do uso da angiotomografia de coronárias na estratificação de risco de pacientes com dor torácica na sala de emergência, o seu valor diagnóstico, prognóstico e custo-efetividade e uma análise crítica dos recentes estudos multicêntricos publicados.

Even free radicals should follow some rules: a guide to free radical research terminology and methodology.

Science.gov (United States)

Forman, Henry Jay; Augusto, Ohara; Brigelius-Flohe, Regina; Dennery, Phyllis A; Kalyanaraman, Balaraman; Ischiropoulos, Harry; Mann, Giovanni E; Radi, Rafael; Roberts, L Jackson; Vina, Jose; Davies, Kelvin J A

2015-01-01

Free radicals and oxidants are now implicated in physiological responses and in several diseases. Given the wide range of expertise of free radical researchers, application of the greater understanding of chemistry has not been uniformly applied to biological studies. We suggest that some widely used methodologies and terminologies hamper progress and need to be addressed. We make the case for abandonment and judicious use of several methods and terms and suggest practical and viable alternatives. These changes are suggested in four areas: use of fluorescent dyes to identify and quantify reactive species, methods for measurement of lipid peroxidation in complex biological systems, claims of antioxidants as radical scavengers, and use of the terms for reactive species. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Alkyl Radicals as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors: Computational Evidence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hammerum, Steen

2009-01-01

Spectroscopic, energetic and structural information obtained by DFT and G3-type computational studies demonstrates that charged proton donors can form moderately strong hydrogen bonds to simple alkyl radicals. The presence of these bonds stabilizes the adducts and modifies their structure......, and gives rise to pronounced shifts of IR stretching frequencies and to increased absorption intensities. The hydrogen bond acceptor properties of alkyl radicals equal those of many conventional acceptors, e.g., the bond length changes and IR red-shifts suggest that tert-butyl radicals are slightly better...... acceptors than formaldehyde molecules, while propyl radicals are as good as H2O. The hydrogen bond strength appears to depend on the proton affinity of the proton donor and on the ionization energy of the acceptor alkyl radical, not on the donor-acceptor proton affinity difference, reflecting...

Insuficiência renal aguda em paciente tratada com ATRA e anfotericina B: relato de caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gelcimar Moresco

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O presente relato apresenta o caso clínico de uma paciente com leucemia promie-locítica aguda tratada com ácido todo-transretinoico (ATRA, que apresentou suspeita de síndrome do ácido transreti-noico (síndrome de ATRA. Com a ocor-rência de leucopenia febril inespecífica, foram associados ao tratamento antimi-crobianos e antifúngicos. A diminuição da função renal, observada inicialmente, contribuiu para a suspeita de síndrome de ATRA, que foi agravada pelos antifúngi-cos. Assim, o uso de ATRA foi suspenso, mas somente 8 dias depois foi caracteriza-da pneumonia e descartada a hipótese de síndrome de ATRA. Nesse contexto, foi discutida a nefrotoxicidade do ATRA e a potencialização desse efeito adverso pelo uso de antifúngicos nefrotóxicos, em par-ticular da anfotericina B, assim como a im-portância do diagnóstico diferencial entre síndrome de ATRA e doença infecciosa.

Incontinence and Erectile Dysfunction Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerasimos Alivizatos

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Radical prostatectomy remains the treatment of choice for localized prostate cancer in age-appropriate and health-appropriate men. Although cancer control is the most important aspect of a radical prostatectomy, minimization of postoperative morbidity, especially urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, is becoming a greater concern. We reviewed recent data available on Medline regarding the incidence, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of incontinence and sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Health-related quality of life issues have been specifically addressed. Although low incidences of incontinence and erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy have been reported in the hands of experienced surgeons, the literature review revealed a great variety, with incontinence rates ranging from 0.3–65.6% and potency rates ranging from 11–87%. Several factors contribute to this wide difference, the most important being the application of a meticulous surgical technique. General and cancer-specific health-related quality of life is not being affected after radical prostatectomy. The incidence of incontinence and erectile dysfunction is higher after radical prostatectomy when compared to the incidence observed when other therapies for localized prostate cancer are applied. However, the majority of the patients undergoing radical prostatectomy would vote for the operation again. Today, avoidance of major complications after radical prostatectomy depends mostly on a high-quality surgical technique. When incontinence or erectile dysfunction persists after radical prostatectomy, the majority of the treated patients can be managed effectively by various methods.

A sepse como causa de lesão renal aguda: modelo experimental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Ferreira Pinto

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A sepse associada à falência de múltiplos órgãos como a lesão renal aguda (LRA demonstra alta taxa de mortalidade no paciente crítico. Este estudo investigou a LRA induzida pela sepse em modelo experimental. Foram utilizados ratos da raça Wistar, adultos e machos divididos nos seguintes grupos: Controle - controle cirúrgico e Sepse - indução da sepse pela ligadura e punção do cécon (LPC. Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura retal, pressão arterial média - PAM, glicemia sérica e fluxo urinário; a função renal (clearance de creatinina; o estresse oxidativo (peróxidos urinários e substâncias reativas com ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS e realizada a análise histológica renal. O estudo conclui que a LRA induzida pela sepse caracteriza-se por lesão endotelial com disfunção hemodinâmica, liberação de mediadores inflamatórios e geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs por células tubulares, caracterizando-se como uma associação de vasoconstrição renal de origem hemodinâmica e inflamatória.

Formation of radical cations of diaryloxadiazoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Helmstreit, W.

1988-01-01

The nature of the formation of the radical cation of the 2,5-bis-(p-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PC) in liquid n-butyl chloride and acetonitrile has been investigated by observing excited state fluorescence and transient absorption using nanosecond pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis. The formation of solute oxonium ions has also been observed. At concentrations -4 mol dm -3 the growth time at which the transient absorption of the radical cation reaches the maximum follows the rise time of the electron pulse ( 2 laser yields the solute radical cation in an acetonitrile solution of 2 x 10 -4 mol dm -3 PC via an electronically excited state. Here, the generation time was smaller than 5 ns. The yield of the cation is increased by addition of CCl 4 . A reaction mechanism is proposed that explains the fast cation formation in terms of an exciplex formed by interaction between an electronically excited state of diaryloxadiazole and the ground state of the solvent. This exciplex yields the solute radical cation. (author)

Radical feminists & trans activists truce

OpenAIRE

Mackay, F.

2014-01-01

#GenderWeek: Truce! When radical feminists and trans feminists empathise\\ud Feminist Times\\ud By Finn Mackay \\ud read all #GenderWeek articles.\\ud We wanted to explore the ground between the polarised, entrenched positions in the so-called “TERF-war”. Radical feminists on one pole, trans-inclusionary feminists and trans activists on the other. The disputed territory being women-only space, language and the ever changing legal framework surrounding gender.\\ud Entrenchment leads to stalemate. S...

Leadership Styles for the Five Stages of Radical Change

Science.gov (United States)

1998-04-01

radical change. This article continues prior work on radical change with theory and research on leadership style. The result is a model of radical...every stage of that process. Leadership style and organiza- tional change theory and re- search have ex- isted for de- cades, but have rarely con...phase, inspire and en- ergize them to adopt the change after it Figure 3. Senior Manager Leadership Styles for the Five Phases of Radical Change Phase

Radical scavenging propensity of Cu2 +, Fe3 + complexes of flavonoids and in-vivo radical scavenging by Fe3 +-primuletin

Science.gov (United States)

Jabeen, Erum; Janjua, Naveed Kausar; Ahmed, Safeer; Murtaza, Iram; Ali, Tahir; Hameed, Shahid

2017-01-01

Cu2 + and Fe3 + complexes of three flavonoids (morin or mo, quercetin or quer and primuletin or prim) were synthesized with the objective of improving antioxidant capacities of flavonoids. The radical scavenging activities of pure flavonoids and their metal complexes were assayed to monitor their tendencies towards sequestering of radicals at physiological conditions. The scavenger potencies of metal-flavonoid complexes were significantly higher than those of the parent flavonoids. Further, influence of the solvent polarity on the radical capturing by flavonoids and their metal complexes was in favor for the polar solvent. Fe3 +-prim displayed its radical scavenging ability via up gradation of CAT and SOD activities in in-vivo antioxidant assays.

Subtipos moleculares de PML/RARα en pacientes con leucemia promielocítica aguda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Carmen Castro-Mujica

2013-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue describir la frecuencia de los subtipos moleculares de PML/RARα en pacientes con leucemia promielocítica aguda (LPA y su distribución según grupo de riesgo de recaída y citomorfología. Se realizó una serie de casos que incluyó a cincuenta pacientes registrados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN, durante el periodo 2010-2012, con diagnóstico molecular de LPA PML/RARα y subtipos bcr1, bcr2 y bcr3 por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa reversa (RT-PCR. El subtipo bcr1 fue el más frecuente (62%. Los pacientes con riesgo de recaída intermedio y morfología hipergranular fueron, en su mayoría, bcr1 (70% y todos los que poseían riesgo de recaída alto y morfología hipogranular fueron bcr3. Se concluye que en la población estudiada hay un predomino del subtipo bcr1 y que existen diferencias en la distribución de los subtipos bcr1 y bcr3 según el grupo de riesgo de recaída y citomorfología

Evolução e característica de lactantes com bronquiolite viral aguda submetidos à ventilação mecânica em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileira Outcome and characteristics of infants with acute viral bronchiolitis submitted to mechanical ventilation in a Brazilian pediatric intensive care

OpenAIRE

Fernanda Umpierre Bueno; Jefferson Pedro Piva; Pedro Celiny Ramos Garcia; Patrícia Miranda Lago; Paulo Roberto Einloft

2009-01-01

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características e a evolução de lactantes com bronquiolite aguda submetidos à ventilação mecânica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo desenvolvido entre março 2004 e setembro 2006 (três invernos consecutivos), recrutando todos os lactantes (menos de 12 meses de idade) com diagnóstico de bronquiolite viral aguda e submetidos à ventilação mecânica em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, brasileira, ligada a uma universidade. Os parâmetros de ventilação mecânica adotados no 1°, 2°...

Muon substituted free radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burkhard, P.; Fischer, H.; Roduner, E.; Strub, W.; Gygax, F.N.; Brinkman, G.A.; Louwrier, P.W.F.; McKenna, D.; Ramos, M.; Webster, B.C.

1984-01-01

Spin polarized energetic positive muons are injected as magnetic probes into unsaturated organic liquids. They are implemented via fast chemical processes ( -10 s) in various molecules. Of particular interest among these are muonium substituted free radicals. The technique allows determination of accurate rate coefficients for fast chemical reactions of radicals. Furthermore, radiochemical processes occuring in picoseconds after injection of the muon are studied. Of fundamental interest are also the structural and dynamical implications of substituting a proton by a muon, or in other terms, a hydrogen atom by a muonium atom. Selected examples for each of these three types of experiments are given. (Auth.)

Fast beam studies of free radical photodissociation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neumark, D.M. [Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, CA (United States)

1993-12-01

The authors have developed a novel technique for studying the photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of free radicals. In these experiments, radicals are generated by laser photodetachment of a fast (6-8 keV) mass-selected negative ion beam. The resulting radicals are photodissociated with a second laser, and the photofragments are collected and detected with high efficiency using a microchannel plate detector. The overall process is: ABC{sup -} {yields} ABC + e{sup -} {yields} A + BC, AB + C. Two types of fragment detection schemes are used. To map out the photodissociation cross-section of the radical, the photodissociation laser is scanned and the total photofragment yield is measured as a function of wavelength. In other experiments, the photodissociation frequency is fixed and the photofragment masses, kinetic energy release, and scattering angle is determined for each photodissociation event.

Total free radical species and oxidation equivalent in polluted air.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Guoying; Jia, Shiming; Niu, Xiuli; Tian, Haoqi; Liu, Yanrong; Chen, Xuefu; Li, Lan; Zhang, Yuanhang; Shi, Gaofeng

2017-12-31

Free radicals are the most important chemical intermediate or agent of the atmosphere and influenced by thousands of reactants. The free radicals determine the oxidizing power of the polluted air. Various gases present in smog or haze are oxidants and induce organ and cellular damage via generation of free radical species. At present, however, the high variability of total free radicals in polluted air has prevented the detection of possible trends or distributions in the concentration of those species. The total free radicals are a kind of contaminants with colorless, tasteless characteristics, and almost imperceptible by human body. Here we present total free radical detection and distribution characteristics, and analyze the effects of total free radicals in polluted air on human health. We find that the total free radical values can be described by not only a linear dependence on ozone at higher temperature period, but also a linear delay dependence on particulate matter at lower temperature period throughout the measurement period. The total free radical species distribution is decrease from west to east in Lanzhou, which closely related to the distribution of the air pollutants. The total free radical oxidation capacity in polluted air roughly matches the effects of tobacco smoke produced by the incomplete combustion of a controlled amount of tobacco in a smoke chamber. A relatively unsophisticated chromatographic fingerprint similarity is used for indicating preliminarily the effect of total free radicals in polluted air on human health. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reactions of inorganic free radicals with liver protecting drugs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gyoergy, I.; Foeldiak, G.; Blazovics, A.; Feher, J.

1990-01-01

Liver protecting drugs, silibinin, a flavonolignane, and the dihydroquinoline derivatives, CH 402 and MTDQ-DA, were shown to inhibit processes in which enzymatically or non-enzymatically generated free radicals were involved. Inorganic free radicals (N 3 , (SCN) 2 - , OH, Trp, CO 2 - , O 2 - ) produced by pulse radiolysis readily react with the compounds, which transform into exceptionally long-lived, unreactive transients. Time evolution of the UV and visible spectra indicate that oxidising radicals form a phenoxyl type radical from silibinin, while OH forms an adduct by attacking, simultaneously, at various sites of the molecule. Superoxide radicals reduce silibinin and oxidise CH 402 and MTDQ-DA. It is concluded that the drugs might exhibit antioxidant behavior in living systems. (author)

Radical Islamism and Failed Developmentalism

OpenAIRE

Rahnema, Saeed

2008-01-01

The rise of radical Islamism in recent years does not limit the applicability of the concept of cultural nationalism. Rather the two are intertwined in ways which this article will attempt to highlight. Islam took specific national forms as modern nation-states arose and the contemporary resurgence of radical Islamism also follows that modern pattern. I examine the emergence of the three most important movements in the Islamic world, namely, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Jama'at-e Islami i...

Estudio molecular del gen MLL en 30 pacientes con leucemias agudas Molecular study of MLL gen in 30 patients with acute leukemias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Levón Herrera

2000-04-01

Full Text Available Los reordenamientos del gen MLL en la banda cromosómica 11q23 son frecuentes en leucemias agudas (LA en niños y en las LA secundarias desarrolladas después de la terapia con inhibidores de la enzima topoisomerasa II. En menor medida también se aprecia en adultos con LA. La presencia de estos reordenamientos se considera un indicador de mal pronóstico asociado con resultados clínicos desfavorables, por ello es muy importante realizar su determinación en las LA. En este trabajo mostramos los resultados preliminares de la introducción del estudio del gen MLL en nuestro país mediante la técnica de Southern. Analizamos ADN de 30 pacientes con LA, incluidos niños y adultos, que en el momento del estudio se encontraban al debut o en recaída. El estudio molecular se realizó con la sonda FA4, que es un inserto genómico del gen MLL. Sólo uno de los 30 pacientes mostró bandas de reordenamiento con 2 enzimas de restricción diferentes, el resto mostró el gen MLL en configuración germinal. Es interesante destacar que el paciente con el reordenamiento era un niño con leucemia mieloblástica aguda subtipo M5b, lo cual concuerda con la literatura, donde se describe que estos reordenamientos están estrechamente correlacionados con los subtipos mielomonocítico (M4 y monocítico (M5 de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMARearrangements of MLL gen in llq23 chromosomal band are frequents in childhood type of acute leukemia (AL and in secondary AL, developed after therapy with II topoisomerase enzyme. To a lesser extent also is seen in adults with AL. Presence of theses rearrangements is considered to be a worse prognosis indicator, associated with unfavourable clinical results, that is why it is very important to carry our its assessment in AL. In this paper authors present preliminary results from introduction of study on MLL gen in our country through Southern technique. DNA from 30 patients was analized, including children and adults, that at the

Inmunofenotipos aberrantes en leucemias agudas en una población hospitalaria de Buenos Aires Aberrant immunophenotypes in acute leukemia in a Buenos Aires' hospital population

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviana Novoa

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La citometría de flujo multiparamétrica es el método de elección para la caracterización inmunofenotípica de las células hematopoyéticas clonales presentes en los distintos procesos leucémicos agudos. El objetivo fue analizar la expresión de antígenos de membrana y evaluar la presencia de fenotipos aberrantes en los blastos de pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia aguda, que permiten el monitoreo de la respuesta al tratamiento. Se revisaron los inmunofenotipos de 364 muestras de pacientes adultos derivadas a nuestro laboratorio en un período de 7 años. El inmunofenotipo se realizó por citometría de flujo con un amplio panel de anticuerpos monoclonales con el que se evaluó la expresión de antígenos de linaje linfoide, mieloide y también antígenos de maduración. De las 364 muestras estudiadas, 60.2% presentaron un fenotipo compatible con leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA, 28.8% con leucemia linfoblástica B (LLA-B, 6.6% con leucemia linfoblástica T (LLA-T y 4.4% con leucemias agudas poco frecuentes. La presencia de fenotipos aberrantes se observó en 89% de los casos, los fenotipos aberrantes identificados fueron: 1 infidelidad de linaje: LMA (54%, LLA-B (40%, LLA-T (29%; 2 ausencia de expresión antigénica: LMA (21%, LLA-B (35%, LLA-T (70%; 3 alteración de la expresión antigénica: LMA (67%, LLA-B (66%, LLA-T (84%; 4 asincronismo madurativo: LMA (26%, LLA-B (37% y 5 fenotipo ectópico: LLA-T 96%. El análisis por citometría de flujo multiparamétrica de las leucemias agudas permitió la identificación de fenotipos aberrantes en la mayoría de nuestros pacientes, que son de utilidad para el monitoreo de la respuesta al tratamiento.Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC has become the preferred method for the lineage assignment and maturational analysis of malignant cells in acute leukemias. Multiparametric immunophenotyping analysis allows the detection of aberrant antigen expression and the analysis of heterogeneity and

Hybrid radical energy storage device and method of making

Science.gov (United States)

Gennett, Thomas; Ginley, David S; Braunecker, Wade; Ban, Chunmei; Owczarczyk, Zbyslaw

2015-01-27

Hybrid radical energy storage devices, such as batteries or electrochemical devices, and methods of use and making are disclosed. Also described herein are electrodes and electrolytes useful in energy storage devices, for example, radical polymer cathode materials and electrolytes for use in organic radical batteries.

Repair Activity of trans-Resveratrol toward 2'-Deoxyguanosine Radicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Xing; An, Ping; Li, Shujin; Zhou, Liping

2018-04-26

In the present study, the repair activity of trans-resveratrol toward 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) radicals in polar and nonpolar solvents was studied using density functional theory. The hydrogen transfer/proton coupled electron transfer and single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms between trans-resveratrol and dGuo-radicals were considered. Taking into consideration the molar fraction of neutral trans-resveratrol (ROH) and anionic trans-resveratrol (RO - ), the overall rate constants for repairing dGuo-radicals by trans-resveratrol are 9.94 × 10 8 and 2.01 × 10 9 dm 3 mol -1 s -1 in polar and nonpolar solvents, respectively, and the overall rate constant of repairing cation radical (dGuo •+ ) by trans-resveratrol via an SET mechanism is 7.17 × 10 9 dm 3 mol -1 s -1 . The repair activity of RO - toward dGuo-radicals is better than that of ROH, but the repair activity of ROH toward dGuo •+ is better than that of RO - . Unfortunately, neither ROH nor RO - can repair the 2'-deoxyribose radicals of dGuo. It can therefore be concluded that trans-resveratrol is an effective antioxidant for repairing base radicals of dGuo and dGuo •+ . The study can help us understand the repair activity of trans-resveratrol toward dGuo radicals.

Reaction kinetics of resveratrol with thiyl and alkoxyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dzeba, I.; Mihaljevic, B.

2011-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. Plant derived resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities, one of them are very well known its antioxidative properties. Our work aims to provide kinetic data with regard to the reactivity of resveratrol with uninvestigated short-lived bioradicals, identified as mediators in oxidative lipid degradation processes. Radicals of our interest are alkoxyl radicals, well known propagators of the chain free radical reactions in lipids, and thiyl radicals which protect lipids from their degradation pathway, but at the same time cause the isomerization of the double bonds. In order to investigate these reactions of resveratrol laser flash photolysis was used. On the basis of competitive kinetics the rate constants were determined under pseudo-first order conditions in acetonitrile solutions at room temperature. Thiyl radicals were generated indirectly in solution containing 1-octadecanthiol and photosensitive benzophenone in acetonitrile using the light pulses at 347 nm from ruby laser. Tert-butoxyl radicals were generated directly by peroxide bond cleavage from di-tert-butyl peroxide in acetonitrile by light pulses of Nd:YAG at 355 nm, and ruby at 347 nm. Obtained rate constants for the reactions of resveratrol and radicals generated by laser flash photolysis will be summarized and compared with rare literature data for the rate constants of investigated reactions of resveratrol and other radicals generated by pulse radiolysis.

Free radicals created by radiation and aging symptoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashry, O.M.

2012-01-01

The universality of aging implies that its cause is basically the same in all species. A free radical hypothesis of aging has been proposed that the free radicals produced during normal metabolism of the cell over time damage DNA and other macromolecules leading to degenerative diseases, malignancies, and eventual death of vital cells which in turn causes aging and death of the organism. This hypothesis is supported by several observations. Radiation produces its biologic effect through free radical formation and causes premature aging. Second, the age pigment lipo fuscin is associated with lipid peroxidation. The hypothesis that oxygen radicals play a role in aging is also supported by the observation that, in general, long-lived species produce less endogenous free oxygen radicals because of their lower metabolic rate. Long-lived animals also have more superoxide dismutase than do their short-lived counterparts, and animal species with the longest lifespan have the highest levels of superoxide dismutase. Oxidative DNA damage is rapidly and effectively repaired. It has been estimated that there are several thousand oxidative DNA damage sites in a human cell every day, and the majority of these are repaired. However, a small fraction of unrepaired lesions could cause permanent changes in DNA and might be a major contributor to aging and cancer. A consequence of the free radical hypothesis of aging is the idea that free radical scavenging agents might be used to prevent aging. (author)

Multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) capacity in cattle serum.

Science.gov (United States)

Sueishi, Yoshimi; Kamogawa, Erisa; Kimura, Anna; Kitahara, Go; Satoh, Hiroyuki; Asanuma, Taketoshi; Oowada, Shigeru

2017-01-01

Multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) activity in cattle and human sera was evaluated with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Scavenging rates against six active species, namely hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, alkoxyl radical, alkylperoxyl radical, methyl radical, and singlet oxygen were quantified. The difference in the electron spin resonance signal intensity in the presence and absence of the serum was converted into the scavenging rates. Comparative MULTIS measurements were made in sera from eight beef cattle, three fetal calves and fifteen healthy human volunteers. Further, we determined the MULTIS value of albumin, the most abundant component in serum. MULTIS values in cattle sera indicated higher scavenging activity against most free radical species tested than human sera. In particular, cattle serum scavenging activities against superoxide and methyl radical were higher than human serum by 2.6 and 3.7 fold, respectively. In cattle serum, albumin appears to play a dominant role in MULTIS activity, but in human serum that is not the case. Previous data indicated that the abundance of uric acid in bovine blood is nearly 80% less than humans; however, this difference does not explain the deviation in MULTIS profile.

Aerosol Fragmentation Driven by Coupling of Acid-Base and Free-Radical Chemistry in the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Aqueous Citric Acid by OH Radicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Matthew J; Wiegel, Aaron A; Wilson, Kevin R; Houle, Frances A

2017-08-10

A key uncertainty in the heterogeneous oxidation of carboxylic acids by hydroxyl radicals (OH) in aqueous-phase aerosol is how the free-radical reaction pathways might be altered by acid-base chemistry. In particular, if acid-base reactions occur concurrently with acyloxy radical formation and unimolecular decomposition of alkoxy radicals, there is a possibility that differences in reaction pathways impact the partitioning of organic carbon between the gas and aqueous phases. To examine these questions, a kinetic model is developed for the OH-initiated oxidation of citric acid aerosol at high relative humidity. The reaction scheme, containing both free-radical and acid-base elementary reaction steps with physically validated rate coefficients, accurately predicts the experimentally observed molecular composition, particle size, and average elemental composition of the aerosol upon oxidation. The difference between the two reaction channels centers on the reactivity of carboxylic acid groups. Free-radical reactions mainly add functional groups to the carbon skeleton of neutral citric acid, because carboxylic acid moieties deactivate the unimolecular fragmentation of alkoxy radicals. In contrast, the conjugate carboxylate groups originating from acid-base equilibria activate both acyloxy radical formation and carbon-carbon bond scission of alkoxy radicals, leading to the formation of low molecular weight, highly oxidized products such as oxalic and mesoxalic acid. Subsequent hydration of carbonyl groups in the oxidized products increases the aerosol hygroscopicity and accelerates the substantial water uptake and volume growth that accompany oxidation. These results frame the oxidative lifecycle of atmospheric aerosol: it is governed by feedbacks between reactions that first increase the particle oxidation state, then eventually promote water uptake and acid-base chemistry. When coupled to free-radical reactions, acid-base channels lead to formation of low molecular

Photoionization of the OH radical

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dehmer, P.M.

1985-01-01

The hydroxyl radical (OH) is one of the most thoroughly studied free radicals because of its importance in atmospheric chemistry, combustion processes, and the interstellar medium. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies have been performed on the ground electronic state (X 2 PI/sub i/) and on the four lowest bound excited electronic states (A 2 Σ + , B 2 Σ + , D 2 Σ - , and C 2 Σ + ). However, because it is difficult to distinguish the spectrum of OH from the spectra of the various radical precursors, the absorption spectrum in the wavelength region below 1200 A has not been well characterized. In the present work, the spectrum of OH has been determined in the wavelength region from 750 to 950 A using the technique of photoionization mass spectrometry. This technique allows complete separation of the spectrum of OH from that of the other components of the discharge and permits the unambiguous determination of the spectrum of OH

Mechanisms of free radical-induced damage to DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Dizdaroglu, Miral; Jaruga, Pawel

2012-04-01

Endogenous and exogenous sources cause free radical-induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The highly reactive hydroxyl radical reacts with the heterocyclic DNA bases and the sugar moiety near or at diffusion-controlled rates. Hydrated electron and H atom also add to the heterocyclic bases. These reactions lead to adduct radicals, further reactions of which yield numerous products. These include DNA base and sugar products, single- and double-strand breaks, 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides, tandem lesions, clustered sites and DNA-protein cross-links. Reaction conditions and the presence or absence of oxygen profoundly affect the types and yields of the products. There is mounting evidence for an important role of free radical-induced DNA damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including cancer. Further understanding of mechanisms of free radical-induced DNA damage, and cellular repair and biological consequences of DNA damage products will be of outmost importance for disease prevention and treatment.

Acyclic diastereoselection in prochiral radical addition to prochiral olefins.

Science.gov (United States)

Sibi, Mukund P; Rheault, Tara R; Chandramouli, Sithamalli V; Jasperse, Craig P

2002-03-27

The stereochemical preference (syn or anti) when prochiral radicals add to prochiral acceptors is of fundamental interest. The primary focus of this research was to determine which factors influence the relative stereochemistry between the beta and gamma chiral centers when these are formed concurrently. While moderate diastereoselectivity was found for addition of alkyl (6a-d) and alpha-alkoxy radicals (16a-c) (15:1 anti). Steric influence in alkyl radical additions was difficult to evaluate due to decreased reactivity when using bulky reaction partners; however, more reactive alpha-alkoxy radicals, it was found that increasing steric bulk leads to moderate increases in selectivity. In addition, higher selectivity was observed when employing lanthanide Lewis acids whose environment (reactivity) was modified using achiral additives, suggesting a potentially simple means for selectivity enhancements in radical reactions. Overall these results indicate that significant stereoelectronic effects are necessary to achieve high levels of selectivity in prochiral radical additions to prochiral acceptors.

El decadentismo en la derecha radical contemporánea

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Miguel Ángel Simón Gómez

2007-07-01

Full Text Available The main concern this articles deals with is, first, the elusive conceptual definition of the «radical right». In the last years a, so called, new consensus, has been developed in the literature of this field. The core of this new consensus about the radical right is the palingentic form of nationalism, form this pant of view the decadentism and the claim for a social renewal is a central point in the political thought of the radical right. In this article we deal with the decadent subjects of the radical right, pointing mainly to the apocalyptic tone of some major contributors of the radical right in the interwar France and Germany. In the second part we analyze the role of decadentism in the cotemporary work of some relevant authors of the European radical right, Alain de Benoist and Julius Evola. Finally we translate their idea of decadence of Europe to the political arena as shown the discourses of some right extremist European parties.

Tin-free enantioselective radical reactions using silanes.

Science.gov (United States)

Sibi, Mukund P; Yang, Yong-Hua; Lee, Sunggi

2008-12-04

Readily available hexyl silane is an excellent choice as a H-atom donor and a chain carrier in Lewis acid mediated enantioselective radical reactions. Conjugate radical additions to alpha,beta-unsaturated imides at room temperature proceed in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.

Oncological outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cancer Resultados oncológicos da nefrectomia radical laparoscópica no tratamento do carcinoma renal

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Jose R. Colombo Jr.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To report the 5-year oncological outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cancer compared to a cohort of patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 88 patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma prior to January 2000. Of these, 45 patients underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and 43 patients underwent open radical nephrectomy. Inclusion criteria comprised clinically organ-confined tumors of 15 cm or less in size without concomitant lymphadenopathy or vena cava thrombus. Oncological follow-up data were obtained from charts, radiological reports, and phone calls to patients or their families, and were calculated from the date of surgery to the date of last appointment with physician or date of death. RESULTS: All laparoscopic procedures were completed without open conversion. On comparing the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open radical nephrectomy groups, mean tumor size was 5. 8 vs 6.2 cm (P = . 44, mean blood loss was 183 vs 461 mL (P = . 004, and mean operative time was 2.8 vs 3.7 hrs (P OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados oncológicos após 5 anos de seguimento em pacientes submetidos a nefrectomia radical laparoscópica para tratamento do câncer renal, comparando esses com os resultados obtidos com um grupo de pacientes submetidos a nefrectomia radical aberta. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas retrospectivamente as informações obtidas de 88 pacientes submetidos a nefrectomia radical para o tratamento do carcinoma renal realizadas previamente a Janeiro de 2000. Destes pacientes, 45 foram tratados com nefrectomia radical laparoscópica e 43 com nefrectomia radical aberta. Foram incluídos pacientes com tumores localizados com tamanho máximo de 15 cm, sem adenopatia ou sinal de envolvimento de veia renal na avaliação radiologica pré-operatória. As informações sobre o seguimento dos pacientes foram obtidas a partir de

Provável extrusão de núcleo pulposo aguda e não compressiva em um cão: relato de caso

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G.G. Franco

Full Text Available RESUMO A extrusão discal aguda e não compressiva é caracterizada pela extrusão de caráter agudo/hiperagudo e não compressivo do núcleo pulposo de um disco intervertebral não degenerado. Pode ser chamada de hérnia de disco de baixo volume e alta velocidade ou explosões discais e geralmente está associado a exercícios intensos ou episódios traumáticos. O núcleo pulposo é fortemente forçado através de uma pequena fissura no ânulo fibroso dorsal, provocando uma contusão espinhal. Este relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de provável extrusão aguda de núcleo pulposo não compressiva. Foi atendido um cão macho, três anos e seis meses de idade, maltês, pesando 4,1kg. Como queixa principal, o proprietário relatou dificuldade locomotora e dor à manipulação há um dia, sem histórico de trauma. Foi constatada paraparesia não ambulatória de início agudo com ausência de propriocepção e dor superficial em membros pélvicos e dor à palpação epaxial da coluna toracolombar. A ressonância magnética (RM evidenciou extensa área de hipersinal em segmento toracolombar da medula espinhal, sem sinais de compressão medular e de atenuação da intensidade do núcleo pulposo do disco intervertebral L1-L2. Foi feito diagnóstico presuntivo de mielopatia focal não compressiva com edema medular de todo segmento toracolombar, característico de uma extrusão aguda de núcleo pulposo não compressiva. Foi prescrito tratamento com anti-inflamatório esteroidal, analgésico, repouso absoluto e protocolo de reabilitação com acupuntura e fisioterapia. Após sete dias de tratamento, o animal recuperou a sensibilidade dolorosa superficial em membros pélvicos e evoluiu para paraparesia ambulatória. Os resultados deste relato sugerem que a RM pode ser útil para fazer um diagnóstico presuntivo em cães com histórico e sinais clínicos compatíveis. Além disso, o tratamento conservativo em extrusões discais não compressivas �

Psychopathology according to behaviorism: a radical restatement.

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Alvarez, Marino

2004-11-01

This article is a radical restatement of the predominant psychopathology, which is characterized by nosological systems and by its approach towards a neurobiological conception of the so-called mental disorders. The "radical" sense of this restatement is that of radical behaviorism itself. As readers will recall, "radical" applied to behaviorism means total (not ignoring anything that interests psychology), pragmatic (referring to the practical sense of knowledge), and it also derives from the Latin word for "root" (and thus implies change beginning at a system's roots or getting to the root of things, in this case, of psychological disorders). Based on this, I introduce the Aristotelian distinction of material and form, which, besides being behaviorist avant la lettre, is used here as a critical instrument to unmask the hoax of psychopathology as it is presented. The implications of this restatement are discussed, some of them already prepared for clinical practice.

Participação do Mycoplasma pneumoniae na etiologia de infecções respiratórias agudas em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

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Alcyone A. Machado

1991-03-01

Full Text Available Para avaliar a participação etiológica do Mycoplasma pneumoniae em infecções respiratórias agudas, o isolamento dessa bactéria foi tentado em secreções do aparelho respiratório de 64 pacientes (média 24 anos com quadro respiratório aguda Foi realizada, também, a pesquisa de anticorpos específicos anti-M. pneumoniae através da reação de fixação do complemento (FC e da reação de contra-imunoeletroforese (CIE. O M. pneumoniae não foi isolado. O diagnóstico presuntivo de infecção pelo M. pneumoniae foi feito pela FC em 3,1% (2/64 e pela CIE em 1,6% (1/64 dos pacientes. Paralelamente, em 200 indivíduos sadios, os mesmos testes sorológicos foram realizados, sendo o índice de positividade de 4% (8/200 pela CIE e de 1% (2/200 pela FC. Apesar das aiscrepâncias observadas entre os dois métodos sorológicos, a FC parece ser indicada para diagnóstico da infecção, sendo a CIE recomendada nas avaliações soroepidemiológicas. Com base nos dados do nosso estudo, a prevalência das infecções respiratórias pelo M. pneumoniae parece ser baixa em nosso meio.

Hearing Status after Radical Mastoidectomy without Tympanoplasty.

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Shamaila Nawaz; Udaipurwala, Iqbal Hussain; Mehmood, Talat; Rahat, Zahid Mehmood

2017-12-01

To find out the impairment of hearing associated with radical mastoidectomy by measuring the quantitative difference in the functional hearing level before and after radical mastoidectomy operation without tympanoplasty. Cross-sectional comparative study. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur and PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from November 2009 to January 2013. Eighty-five patients, diagnosed clinically as chronic suppurative otitis media with extensive cholesteatoma having history of ear discharge and hearing impairment for more than 6 weeks duration and requiring radical mastoidectomy for treatment, were included in this study. Pure tone audiogram was done before and after radical mastoidectomy. Hearing impairment was compared in each patient before and after the operation. Among the 85 patients, 54 (63.5%) were males and 31 (36.5%) were females, with the age ranged between 18 to 63 years, mean age being 42.31 4.8 years. The mean increase in hearing loss after radical mastoidectomy in air conduction was 7.19 dB, bone conduction was 4.16 dB, and air-bone gap was 3.75 dB (0.001). The ear became dry and safe in 82 patients (96.5%) out of a total of 85, and only 3 patients required revision surgery at a second stage. Radical mastoidectomy has a least negligible effect on hearing status and one should not limit this technique due to the concern of aggravated hearing in patients with extensive cholesteatoma at the cost of dry and safe ears, which should be of prime importance.

Functionalized graphene quantum dots loaded with free radicals combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to screen radical scavenging natural antioxidants from Licorice and Scutellariae.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Guoying; Niu, XiuLi; Shi, Gaofeng; Chen, Xuefu; Yao, Ruixing; Chen, Fuwen

2014-12-01

A novel screening method was developed for the detection and identification of radical scavenging natural antioxidants based on a free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Functionalized graphene quantum dots were prepared for loading free radicals in the complex screening system. The detection was performed with and without a preliminary exposure of the samples to specific free radicals on the functionalized graphene quantum dots, which can facilitate charge transfer between free radicals and antioxidants. The difference in chromatographic peak areas was used to identify potential antioxidants. This is a novel approach to simultaneously evaluate the antioxidant power of a component versus a free radical, and to identify it in a vegetal matrix. The structures of the antioxidants in the samples were identified using tandem mass spectrometry and comparison with standards. Fourteen compounds were found to possess potential antioxidant activity, and their free radical scavenging capacities were investigated. The order of scavenging capacity of 14 compounds was compared according to their free radical scavenging rate. 4',5,6,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone (radical scavenging rate: 0.05253 mL mg(-1) s(-1) ) showed the strongest capability for scavenging free radicals. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Unimolecular reaction dynamics of free radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terry A. Miller

2006-01-01

Free radical reactions are of crucial importance in combustion and in atmospheric chemistry. Reliable theoretical models for predicting the rates and products of these reactions are required for modeling combustion and atmospheric chemistry systems. Unimolecular reactions frequently play a crucial role in determining final products. The dissociations of vinyl, CH2= CH, and methoxy, CH3O, have low barriers, about 13,000 cm-1 and 8,000 cm-1, respectively. Since barriers of this magnitude are typical of free radicals these molecules should serve as benchmarks for this important class of reactions. To achieve this goal, a detailed understanding of the vinyl and methoxy radicals is required. Results for dissociation dynamics of vinyl and selectively deuterated vinyl radical are reported. Significantly, H-atom scrambling is shown not to occur in this reaction. A large number of spectroscopic experiments for CH3O and CHD2O have been performed. Spectra recorded include laser induced fluorescence (LIF), laser excited dispersed fluorescence (LEDF), fluorescence dip infrared (FDIR) and stimulated emission pumping (SEP). Such results are critical for implementing dynamics experiments involving the dissociation of methoxy

Neuroprotection by Radical Avoidance: Search for Suitable Agents

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Rüdiger Hardeland

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Neurodegeneration is frequently associated with damage by free radicals. However, increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may ultimately lead to neuronal cell death, do not necessarily reflect its primary cause, but can be a consequence of otherwise induced cellular dysfunction. Detrimental processes which promote free radical formation are initiated, e.g., by disturbances in calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial malfunction, and an age-related decline in the circadian oscillator system. Free radicals generated at high rates under pathophysiological conditions are insufficiently detoxified by scavengers. Interventions at the primary causes of dysfunction, which avoid secondary rises in radical formation, may be more efficient. The aim of such approaches should be to prevent calcium overload, to reduce mitochondrial electron dissipation, to support electron transport capacity, and to avoid circadian perturbations. l-Theanine and several amphiphilic nitrones are capable of counteracting excitotoxicity and/or mitochondrial radical formation. Resveratrol seems to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial effects of leptin include attenuation of electron leakage. Melatonin combines all the requirements mentioned, additionally regulates anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes and is, with few exceptions, very well tolerated. In this review, the perspectives, problems and limits of drugs are compared which may be suitable for reducing the formation of free radicals.

Analysis of radicals induced in irradiated foods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kishida, Keigo; Kaimori, Yoshihiko; Kawamura, Shoei; Sakamoto, Yuhki; Nakamura, Hideo; Ukai, Mitsuko; Kikuchi, Masahiro; Shimoyama, Yuhei; Kobayashi, Yasuhiko

2012-01-01

By electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we revealed free radicals in γ-ray irradiated foods; black pepper, green coffee bean and ginseng. We also analyzed the decay behavior of radiation induced free radicals during storage of irradiated foods. The ESR spectrum of experimental irradiated foods consists of a sextet signal centered at g=2.0 and a singlet signal at the same g-value position and a singlet signal at g=4.0. The singlet signal at g=2.0 is originated from organic free radicals and its peak intensity showed the dependence of γ-ray irradiation dose levels. The signal intensity was decreased during storage. Only after 3 hours of radiation treatment the peak intensity was decreased fast and after that the intensity was decreased slowly. The relaxation times, T 1 and T 2 , of radiation induced free radicals showed the variations before and after irradiation. During long time storage period it was shown that T 1 was increased and T 2 was decreased. By analysis of decay process using the simulation methods based on the theory of reaction speed, it is considered that at least two kinds of radicals were induced in irradiated foods during long time storage. (author)

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of organic radicals spectroscopy of organic radicals

CERN Document Server

Gerson, Fabian

2006-01-01

""This book should serve as a comprehensive one-volume source for finding what is known about the splitting constants and g factors of virtually all types of organic radicals."" Journal of the American Chemistry Society, 2004, Vol. 126 No. 20

Insuficiência respiratória aguda causada por pneumonia em organização secundária à terapia antineoplásica para linfoma não Hodgkin

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Adriell Ramalho Santana

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Doenças difusas do parênquima pulmonar pertencem a um grupo de doenças de evolução geralmente subaguda ou crônica, mas que podem determinar insuficiência respiratória aguda. Paciente masculino, 37 anos, em terapia para linfoma não Hodgkin, admitido com tosse seca, febre, dispneia e insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica. Iniciadas ventilação mecânica e antibioticoterapia, porém houve evolução desfavorável. Tomografia computadorizada de tórax mostrava opacidades pulmonares em "vidro fosco" bilaterais. Devido ao paciente ter feito uso de três drogas relacionadas à pneumonia em organização (ciclofosfamida, doxorrubicina e rituximabe e quadros clínico e radiológico serem sugestivos, iniciou-se pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona com boa resposta. Pneumonia em organização pode ser idiopática ou associada a colagenoses, drogas e neoplasias, e geralmente responde bem a corticoterapia. O diagnóstico é anatomopatológico, mas condições clínicas do paciente não permitiam a realização de biópsia pulmonar. Pneumonia em organização deve ser diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com aparente pneumonia de evolução desfavorável ao tratamento antimicrobiano.

Laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical trachelectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bielik, T.; Karovic, M.; Trska, R.

2013-01-01

Purpose: Radical trachelectomy is a fertility-sparing procedure with the aim to provide adequate oncological safety to patients with cervical cancer while preserving their fertility. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate, in a series of 3 patients, the feasibility, morbidity, and safety of laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical trachelectomy for early cervical cancer. Patients and Methods: Three non consecutive patients with FIGO stage IA1 and IB1 cervical cancer was evaluated in a period of years 2008 - 2011. The patients underwent a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical parametrectomy class II procedure according to the Piver classification. The section of vaginal cuff, trachelectomy, permanent cerclage and isthmo-vaginal anastomosis ware realised by vaginal approach. Results: The median operative time, the median blood loss and the mean number of resected pelvic nodes was comparable with published data. Major intraoperative complications did not occur and no patient required a blood transfusion. The median follow-up time was 33 (38-59) months. One vaginal recurrence occurred in 7 months after primary surgery. The patient was underwent a radicalisation procedure and adjuvant oncologic therapy and now is free of disease. Conclusions: Laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical trachelectomy (LAVRT)may be an alternative in fertility-preserving surgery for early cervical cancer. The procedure offers patients potential benefits of minimally invasive surgery with adequate oncological safety, but it should be reserved for oncologic surgeons trained in advanced laparoscopic procedures. (author)

Avaliação de provas de fase aguda em crianças e adolescentes com artrite idiopática juvenil e sua correlação com atividade da doença Acute phase reactants evaluation in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its correlation with disease activity

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Aline Alencar M. F. Nicácio

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO:Analisar a relação entre as provas de fase aguda e a atividade clínica da artrite idiopática juvenil e avaliar a concordância entre velocidade de hemossedimentação e proteína C reativa (VHS e PCR na fase aguda da doença. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo tipo coorte a partir da análise de prontuários de 30 crianças e adolescentes que preenchiam os critérios diagnósticos para artrite idiopática juvenil, estavam em atendimento em ambulatório de Reumatologia Pediátrica e haviam realizado as provas de fase aguda (VHS e PCR. RESULTADOS: Dos 30 pacientes, 21 (70% eram do sexo feminino e 19 (63,3% apresentavam o subtipo oligoarticular da doença. A média de idade de início dos sintomas foi 65,6 meses, a idade de diagnóstico de 85,3 e o tempo de evolução, 57,2 meses. As provas de fase aguda mostraram associação positiva com a atividade de doença. A anemia não teve relação com a atividade de doença. A concordância entre as duas provas de fase aguda foi superior a 80%. CONCLUSÕES: As provas de fase aguda mantêm relação positiva com a atividade da doença e o seu uso concomitante aumenta a especificidade.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between the acute phase reactants and the disease activity of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA and to evaluate the agreement between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein during the acute phase of the disease. METHODS: a cohort retrospective study has been conducted based on the analysis of 30 children and adolescents who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of JIA. All of them were in current follow-up at the pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and had acute phase reactants blood tests performed. RESULTS: Studied population comprised 30 patients: 21 (70% of them were females and 19 (63.3% presented oligoarticular subtype. The mean age at disease onset was 65.6 months; the age at diagnosis was 85.3 months and the follow-up had 57.2 months of

Gamma-sterilization-induced radicals in biodegradable drug delivery systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeder, K.; Swartz, H.M.; Domb, A.

1996-01-01

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (1.2 and 9.25 GHz, 25 o C) was used to characterize free radicals in gamma-ray sterilized biodegradable polymers of the type which are in clinical use. Free radicals were detected in all irradiated polymer samples. The temperature of irradiation (25 o vs dry ice temperature) had only a minor influence on the yield of radicals and the shape of the EPR spectra. In contrast, the composition of the polymers and the drugs incorporated in them did strongly influence the amount of radiation-induced free radicals and their reactivity. In general, polymers with high melting points and crystallinity had the highest yields of radicals observable at room temperature. We were able to use the free radicals induced by the usual sterilization procedures to follow the penetration of water and the degradation of the polymers in vitro and in vivo. The ability of in vivo EPR to follow drug delivery noninvasively and continuously in vivo, using the free radicals induced in the usual sterilization process indicates that this approach could be applied immediately for the characterization of these drug delivery systems in experimental animals and in the near future should be able to be used in human subjects. (author)

Moment matrices, border bases and radical computation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

B. Mourrain; J.B. Lasserre; M. Laurent (Monique); P. Rostalski; P. Trebuchet (Philippe)

2013-01-01

htmlabstractIn this paper, we describe new methods to compute the radical (resp. real radical) of an ideal, assuming it complex (resp. real) variety is nte. The aim is to combine approaches for solving a system of polynomial equations with dual methods which involve moment matrices and

Moment matrices, border bases and radical computation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

B. Mourrain; J.B. Lasserre; M. Laurent (Monique); P. Rostalski; P. Trebuchet (Philippe)

2011-01-01

htmlabstractIn this paper, we describe new methods to compute the radical (resp. real radical) of an ideal, assuming it complex (resp. real) variety is nte. The aim is to combine approaches for solving a system of polynomial equations with dual methods which involve moment matrices and

Study of acute hepatotoxicity of Equisetum arvense L. in rats Estudo da hepatotoxicidade aguda da Equisetum arvense L. em ratos

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Nilo César do Vale Baracho

2009-12-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the acute hepatotoxicity of Equisentum arvense L. in rats. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were used, these being divided in four groups, one being the control (receiving only water and the other groups receiving graded doses of Equisentum arvense L. (30, 50, and 100mg/kg respectively for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained to determine TGO, TGP, FA, DHL and GT-gamma activities. After that, hepatic tissue samples were collected for the anatomopathologic analysis. RESULTS: The anatomopathologic exam of the hepatic tissue showed organ with preserved lobular structure. In the same way, there was no significant change in the seric activities of the hepatic enzymes when compared to control group. CONCLUSION: The oral treatment with graded doses of Equisentum arvense L. was not able to produce hepatic changes. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the chronic hepatotoxicity of Equisentum arvense L. in rats.OBJETIVO: Investigar a hepatotoxicidade aguda da Equisetum arvense L. em ratos. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar, os quais foram divididos em quatro grupos, sendo um controle (recebendo apenas água e os outros grupos recebendo doses crescentes de cavalinha (30, 50 e 100mg/Kg, respectivamente por 14 dias. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para determinação da atividade sérica de TGO, TGP, FA, DHL e gama-GT. Em seguida, foram obtidas amostras de tecido hepático para análise anatomopatológica. RESULTADOS: O exame anatomopatológico de tecido hepático demonstrou órgão com estrutura lobular preservada. Da mesma forma, não houve alteração significativa na atividade sérica das enzimas hepáticas, quando comparado ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com doses crescentes de Equisetum arvense L., não induziu hepatotoxicidade aguda em ratos. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar a hepatoxicidade crônica de Equisetum arvense L. em ratos.

Free Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of Astaxanthin.

Science.gov (United States)

Dose, Janina; Matsugo, Seiichi; Yokokawa, Haruka; Koshida, Yutaro; Okazaki, Shigetoshi; Seidel, Ulrike; Eggersdorfer, Manfred; Rimbach, Gerald; Esatbeyoglu, Tuba

2016-01-14

Astaxanthin is a coloring agent which is used as a feed additive in aquaculture nutrition. Recently, potential health benefits of astaxanthin have been discussed which may be partly related to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Our electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping data suggest that synthetic astaxanthin is a potent free radical scavenger in terms of diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and galvinoxyl free radicals. Furthermore, astaxanthin dose-dependently quenched singlet oxygen as determined by photon counting. In addition to free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching properties, astaxanthin induced the antioxidant enzyme paroxoanase-1, enhanced glutathione concentrations and prevented lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes. Present results suggest that, beyond its coloring properties, synthetic astaxanthin exhibits free radical scavenging, singlet oxygen quenching, and antioxidant activities which could probably positively affect animal and human health.

Reaction kinetics of resveratrol with tert-butoxyl radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Džeba, Iva; Pedzinski, Tomasz; Mihaljević, Branka

2012-01-01

The rate constant for the reaction of t-butoxyl radicals with resveratrol was studied under pseudo-first order conditions. The rate constant was determined by measuring the phenoxyl radical formation rate at 390 nm as function of resveratrol concentration in acetonitrile. The rate constant was determined to be 6.5×10 8 M −1 s −1 . This high value indicates the high reactivity consistent with the strong antioxidant activity of resveratrol. - Highlights: ► tert-butoxyl radicals were generated directly using laser flash photolysis. ► Rate constant was determined by the phenoxyl radical formation rate in acetonitrile. ► Rate constant was determined to be 6.5×10 8 M −1 s −1 .

Photoisomerization and photodissociation dynamics of reactive free radicals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bise, Ryan T. [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

2000-08-01

The photofragmentation pathways of chemically reactive free radicals have been examined using the technique of fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. Measurements of the photodissociation cross-sections, product branching ratios, product state energy distributions, and angular distributions provide insight into the excited state potential energy surfaces and nonadiabatic processes involved in the dissociation mechanisms. Photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of the predissociative $\\tilde{A}$²A₁ and $\\tilde{B}$²A₂ states of CH₃S have been investigated. At all photon energies, CH₃ + S(³P_j), was the main reaction channel. The translational energy distributions reveal resolved structure corresponding to vibrational excitation of the CH₃ umbrella mode and the S(³P_j) fine-structure distribution from which the nature of the coupled repulsive surfaces is inferred. Dissociation rates are deduced from the photofragment angular distributions, which depend intimately on the degree of vibrational excitation in the C-S stretch. Nitrogen combustion radicals, NCN, CNN and HNCN have also been studied. For all three radicals, the elimination of molecular nitrogen is the primary reaction channel. Excitation to linear excited triplet and singlet electronic states of the NCN radical generates resolved vibrational structure of the N₂ photofragment. The relatively low fragment rotational excitation suggests dissociation via a symmetric C_2V transition state. Resolved vibrational structure of the N₂ photofragment is also observed in the photodissociation of the HNCN radical. The fragment vibrational and rotational distributions broaden with increased excitation energy. Simple dissociation models suggest that the HNCN radical isomerizes to a cyclic intermediate (c-HCNN) which then dissociates via a tight cyclic

Estudo comparativo, prospectivo e randomizado do resultado de duas formas de tratamento clínico das lesões ligamentares primárias agudas e graves do tornozelo

OpenAIRE

Marcelo Pires Prado

2013-01-01

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação dos resultados funcionais, e da incidência da instabilidade articular mecânica, resultantes do tratamento clínico das lesões ligamentares primárias, agudas e graves do tornozelo (associada a instabilidade articular). Esta lesão é extremamente frequente e acomete indivíduos jovens, economicamente e fisicamente ativos, causando prejuízos pessoais e econômicos importantes. Existe dificuldade no adequado diagnóstico e heterogeneidade na escolh...

Uma análise behaviorista radical dos sonhos A radical behaviorist analysis of the dreams

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francynete Melo e Silva

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Embora não haja um consenso acerca de questões sobre o que são os sonhos, porque sonhamos, etc., a maioria dos estudos sobre a natureza dos sonhos concorda que ela está relacionada a condições internas do organismo. Contrariamente, o behaviorismo radical analisa os sonhos como comportamentos privados, sendo produtos das histórias filogenética, ontogenética e cultural. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os sonhos a partir da perspectiva behaviorista radical, considerando-os como comportamentos perceptuais encobertos, argumentando-se que são aprendidos. Afirma-se que a interpretação dos sonhos é impossível se não se conhecem as contingências de reforço com as quais a pessoa está interagindo.In spite of the fact that there is no consensus concerning questions about the nature and origin of dreams, the majority of the studies on the nature of the dreams agrees that they are related to internal conditions of the organism. As opposed to that notion, the radical behaviorism analyses the dreams as private behaviors and, thus, as products of philogenetical, ontogenetical, and cultural histories. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the dreams from a radical behaviorism perspective, considering them as private events, perceptual behaviors, and arguing that they are learned processes. It is asserted that the dreams interpretation is impossible if the contingencies that control such activity are unknown.

Microbial fuel cell as a free-radical scavenging tool

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koleva, Ralitza; Yemendzhiev, Hyusein; Nenov, Valentin

2017-01-01

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are known for their capability to directly convert organic substrates into electricity by the biochemical activity of specific microorganisms. Availability of a proper terminal electron acceptor is crucial for this process. Free radicals, with their one or more unpaired electrons, are extremely reducible and could be considered as electron acceptors in terms of cathodic processes in MFC. During this reduction, free radicals could be transformed in the same manner as they are transformed by antioxidants. The present study investigated this opportunity by utilization of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (150 mmol/dm"3 methanol solution) as a free-radical molecule. During the studied process, over 90% radical neutralization was observed in less than 16 hours. The results obtained demonstrate for the first time the potential of MFC type bioelectrochemical systems to serve as a free-radical scavenging tool and to provide antioxidant and anti-radical activity. In this way, this study opens a completely new field of research and application of bio-electrochemical systems

Moment matrices, border bases and radical computation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lasserre, J.B.; Laurent, M.; Mourrain, B.; Rostalski, P.; Trébuchet, P.

2013-01-01

In this paper, we describe new methods to compute the radical (resp. real radical) of an ideal, assuming its complex (resp. real) variety is finite. The aim is to combine approaches for solving a system of polynomial equations with dual methods which involve moment matrices and semi-definite

Inhomogeneous ensembles of radical pairs in chemical compasses

Science.gov (United States)

Procopio, Maria; Ritz, Thorsten

2016-11-01

The biophysical basis for the ability of animals to detect the geomagnetic field and to use it for finding directions remains a mystery of sensory biology. One much debated hypothesis suggests that an ensemble of specialized light-induced radical pair reactions can provide the primary signal for a magnetic compass sensor. The question arises what features of such a radical pair ensemble could be optimized by evolution so as to improve the detection of the direction of weak magnetic fields. Here, we focus on the overlooked aspect of the noise arising from inhomogeneity of copies of biomolecules in a realistic biological environment. Such inhomogeneity leads to variations of the radical pair parameters, thereby deteriorating the signal arising from an ensemble and providing a source of noise. We investigate the effect of variations in hyperfine interactions between different copies of simple radical pairs on the directional response of a compass system. We find that the choice of radical pair parameters greatly influences how strongly the directional response of an ensemble is affected by inhomogeneity.

Loading of free radicals on the functional graphene combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening method for the detection of radical-scavenging natural antioxidants.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Guoying; Shi, Gaofeng; Chen, Xuefu; Chen, Fuwen; Yao, Ruixing; Wang, Zhenju

2013-11-13

A novel free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (FRR-LC-PDA-ESI/APCI-MS/MS) screening method was developed for the detection and identification of radical-scavenging natural antioxidants. Functionalized graphene was prepared by chemical method for loading free radicals (superoxide radical, peroxyl radical and PAHs free radical). Separation was performed with and without a preliminary exposure of the sample to specific free radicals on the functionalized graphene, which can facilitate reaction kinetics (charge transfers) between free radicals and potential antioxidants. The difference in chromatographic peak areas is used to identify potential antioxidants. The structure of the antioxidants in one sample (Swertia chirayita) is identified using MS/MS and comparison with standards. Thirteen compounds were found to possess potential antioxidant activity, and their free radical-scavenging capacities were investigated. The thirteen compounds were identified as 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PD1), norswertianin (PD2), 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (PD3), 3, 3', 4', 5, 8-penta hydroxyflavone-6-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid-6'-pentopyranose-7-O-glucopyranoside (PD4), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (PD5), swertiamarin (PS1), 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,7-trihydroxylxanthone (PS2), 1,3,7-trihydroxylxanthone-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PL1), 1,3,8-trihydroxyl xanthone-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PL2), 1,3,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyxanthone (PL3), 1,2,3-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyxanthone (PL4), 1,8-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy xanthone (PL5) and 1,3,5,8-tetramethoxydecussatin (PL6). The reactivity and SC50 values of those compounds were investigated, respectively. PD4 showed the strongest capability for scavenging PAHs free radical; PL4 showed prominent scavenging capacities in the lipid peroxidation processes; it was found that all components in S. chirayita exhibited weak reactivity in the superoxide

Infecciones respiratorias agudas y factores asociados Acute respiratory infections and associated factors

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Rogelio León López

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con la finalidad de conocer la relación entre las infecciones respiratorias agudas con algunos factores asociados seleccionados en lactantes, durante el trienio 2001-2003, en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente “30 de Noviembre”, del municipio 10 de Octubre. La incidencia de estas enfermedades en el mencionado período fue de 933 x 1 000. Se encontró que la mayoría de los infantes exhibió un adecuado estado inmunológico y nutricional, así como también que no tenían historia de alergia respiratoria. La institucionalización de estos niños no influyó en la aparición de estas enfermedades, y el tratamiento que predominó fue el sintomático.A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted to know the relation between acute respiratory infections and some associated factors selected in infants from the health area of “30 de Noviembre” Teaching Polyclinic, in “10 de Octubre” municipality, between 2001 and 2003. The incidence of these diseases in the above period was 933 x 1000. It was observed that most of the infants had an adequate immunological and nutritional state, and that they did not have any history of respiratory allergy. The institutionalization of these children did not influence on the appearance of these diseases. There was a predominance of the symptomatic treatment.

Radical polarization in double switching of external magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lukzen, N.N.; Morozov, V.A.; Sagdeev, R.Z.

1999-01-01

Theoretical treatment of radical spin evolution under the action of double switching of external magnetic field is proposed. Account is taken of evolution of the radical spin state during laser pulse which generates paramagnetic particles. It is shown that the most effective beats in the nuclear magnetization of diamagnetic products of recombination occur upon the jump into zero magnetic field after laser pulse. The phase of observed beats bears information about the type of the initial radical polarization. The frequency of the beats is determined by radical hyperfine structure. (Copyright (c) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Crotylations of alpha-carbonyl radicals with crotylstannane.

Science.gov (United States)

Sibi, Mukund P; Miyabe, Hideto

2002-10-03

Electrophilic radicals undergo crotylation with crotylstannane with moderate to good efficiency. The reaction provides the syn isomer as the major product. The present methodology is complementary to Claisen protocols for the synthesis of gamma,delta-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives. Details of the new radical methodology are presented. [reaction: see text

Radical Behaviorism and Buddhism: Complementarities and Conflicts

Science.gov (United States)

Diller, James W.; Lattal, Kennon A.

2008-01-01

Comparisons have been made between Buddhism and the philosophy of science in general, but there have been only a few attempts to draw comparisons directly with the philosophy of radical behaviorism. The present review therefore considers heretofore unconsidered points of comparison between Buddhism and radical behaviorism in terms of their…

Citarabina y reacciones cutáneas en leucemia aguda mieloide

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Sofía Grille

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La citarabina es un antimetabolito utilizado en el tratamiento de las leucemias agudas mieloides (LAM. Esta droga presenta numerosos efectos adversos (mielosupresión, toxicidad en sistema nervioso central, hepática, gastrointestinal, ocular y cutánea. La toxicidad dermatológica es habitualmente descrita como rara, sin embargo existen diferencias en la incidencia comunicada. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se incluyeron todas las LAM tratadas con quimioterapia que incluía citarabina, entre el 1º de julio 2006 y el 1° de julio 2012. Se incluyeron 46 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 55 años. La incidencia global de reacciones cutáneas fue de 39% (n = 18. La presencia de lesiones cutáneas no se asoció con sexo, edad, antecedentes de atopía, de reacciones medicamentosas, tipo de LAM ni dosis de citarabina utilizada. Las lesiones se observaron entre 2 a 8 días de iniciado el tratamiento. En cuanto al grado lesional, 27.8% presentaron grado 1, 38.9% grado 2 y 33.3% grado 3. No existieron lesiones grado 4 ni muerte vinculada a toxicidad cutánea. En cuanto al tipo de lesiones, 55.6% se presentaban con máculas, 22.2% con pápulas y 22.2% con eritema. Con respecto a la distribución de las lesiones, 52% de los pacientes presentaron una distribución difusa, 39.3% acral y 8.7% a nivel flexural. Las reacciones adversas cutáneas con la administración de citarabina son frecuentes en nuestro medio, en algunos casos con afectación grave. Si bien suelen resolverse espontáneamente, pueden determinar mayor riesgo de infección, así como comprometer la calidad de vida.

Problemas identificados en el manejo de la enfermedad diarreica aguda

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Carlos Coronel Carbajal

2000-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal en el Hospital "Armando E. Cardoso", en el período de 1 año (Mayo 98-Febrero 99. Este estudio consistió en encuestar a 256 madres de niños con diarreas agudas con el objetivo de identificar las costumbres inapropiadas que aún persisten en el manejo ambulatorio de las enfermedades diarreicas. Al concluir el estudio se pudo apreciar cómo en el 56,3 % de los pacientes hubo mal manejo alimentario, además solo el 12,1 % de las madres buscaron orientación médica en las primeras 24 horas. En este estudio se pudo conocer que el 100 % de las madres saben que las soluciones de rehidratación oral (SRO forman parte del tratamiento de la EDA, pero solo el 42 % conoce que previenen la deshidratación, además solo un 25 % conoce de otros líquidos que reemplazan el uso de las soluciones de rehidratación oralA cross-sectional study was conducted at the "Armando E. Cardoso" Hospital from May, 1998, to February,1999. 256 mothers of children with acute diarrhea were surveyed in order to identify the inappropiate costums that still exist in the ambulatory management of diarrheal diseases. A poor food management was observed in 56.3% of the patients and only 12.1% of the mothers looked for medical advice during the first 24 hours. It was possible to know through this study that 100% of the mothers know that oral rehydration solutions (ORS are part of the treatment of ADD, but only 42% know that the drug also prevents dehydration. Just 25% know about other fluids that replace the use of oral rehydration solutions

DPPH and oxygen free radicals as pro-oxidant of biomolecules.

Science.gov (United States)

Letelier, María Eugenia; Molina-Berríos, Alfredo; Cortés-Troncoso, Juan; Jara-Sandoval, José; Holst, Marianne; Palma, Karina; Montoya, Margarita; Miranda, Dante; González-Lira, Víctor

2008-03-01

Numerous investigations exist about the alterations that oxygen free radicals can provoke on biomolecules; these modifications can be prevented and/or reversed by different antioxidants agents. On the other hand, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), a stable nitrogen synthetic radical, is used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of medicinal herbal products; however, the structural changes that this radical provoke on the herbal active principles are not clear yet. In this work, we compared the redox reactivity of oxygen free radicals and DPPH radical on phospholipids and protein thiol groups present in rat liver microsomes. Cu2+/ascorbate was used as generator system of oxygen free radical and as antioxidant, an extract of Buddleja globosa's leaves. Cu2+/ascorbate provoked microsomal lipid peroxidation, microsomal thiols oxidation and oxygen consumption; all of these phenomena were inhibited by B. globosa extract. On the other hand, DPPH was bleached in different extension by the herbal extract and phosphatidyl choline; beside, DPPH decreased microsomal thiols content, but this phenomenon were not prevented by the herbal extract. Furthermore, DPPH did not induce oxygen consumption and neither modified the oxygen consumption induced by Cu2+/ascorbate. Distinct redox mechanisms may explain the differences between the reactivity of DPPH and oxygen free radicals on biomolecules, which is discussed.

Lipid-derived free radical production in superantigen-induced interstitial pneumonia

Science.gov (United States)

Miyakawa, Hisako; Mason, Ronald P.; Jiang, JinJie; Kadiiska, Maria B.

2009-01-01

We studied the free radical generation involved in the development of interstitial pneumonia (IP) in an animal model of autoimmune disease. We observed an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) radical adducts detected in the lipid extract of lungs in autoimmune-prone mice after intratracheal instillation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The POBN adducts detected by ESR were paralleled by infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To further investigate the mechanism of free radical generation, mice were pretreated with the macrophage toxicant gadolinium chloride, which significantly suppressed the radical generation. Free radical generation was also decreased by pretreatment with the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, the iron chelator Desferal, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W. Histopathologically, these drugs significantly reduced both the cell infiltration to alveolar septal walls and the synthesis of pulmonary collagen fibers. Experiments with NADPH oxidase knockout mice showed that NADPH oxidase did not contribute to lipid radical generation. These results suggest that lipid-derived carbon-centered free radical production is important in the manifestation of IP and that a macrophage toxicant, an XO inhibitor, an iron chelator, and an iNOS inhibitor protect against both radical generation and the manifestation of IP. PMID:19376221

Influence of Free Radicals on the Intrinsic MRI Relaxation Properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Tain, Rong-Wen; Scotti, Alessandro M; Li, Weiguo; Zhou, Xiaohong Joe; Cai, Kejia

2017-01-01

Free radicals are critical contributors in various conditions including normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. Currently there is no non-invasive approach to image tissue free radicals based on endogenous contrast due to their extremely short lifetimes and low in vivo concentrations. In this study we aim at characterizing the influence of free radicals on the MRI relaxation properties. Phantoms containing free radicals were created by treating egg white with various H 2 O 2 concentrations and scanned on a 9.4 T MRI scanner at room temperature. T 1 and T 2 relaxation maps were generated from data acquired with an inversion recovery sequence with varied inversion times and a multi-echo spin echo sequence with varied echo times (TEs), respectively. Results demonstrated that free radicals express a strong shortening effect on T 1 , which was proportional to the H 2 O 2 concentration, and a relatively small reduction in T 2 (free radicals was estimated to be in the pM range that is within the physiological range of in vivo free radical expression. In conclusion, the free radicals show a strong paramagnetic effect that may be utilized as an endogenous MRI contrast for its non-invasive in vivo imaging.

Radicals of DNA and DNA nucleotides generated by ionising radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Przybytniak, G.

2004-01-01

A first stage of cell processes leading to DNA damage of initiated by radical reactions. In a model system such transformations were generated by ionising radiation which involves production of electron loss and electron gain centers of the substrate and radical formation. Using cryogenic ESR spectroscopy it was found that the DNA nucleotides, which convert to radical anions upon electron capture undergo the separation of unpaired spin and charge due to protonation. Circular and linear dichroism studies enabled to conclude that iron ions(III) induce strong changes in the DNA helical structure indicating their coordination with nitrogen bases. The repair of DNA radicals produced via radiolytic oxidation, i.e. the guanine radical cation and the allyl type radical of thymine, is possible at elevated temperatures due to the involvement of sulphydryl groups. The influence of the thiol charge is then limited

Uso do escore prognóstico APACHE II e ATN-ISS em insuficiência renal aguda tratada dentro e fora da unidade de terapia intensiva

OpenAIRE

Fernandes,Natáia Maria da Silva; Pinto,Patrícia dos Santos; Lacet,Thiago Bento de Paiva; Rodrigues,Dominique Fonseca; Bastos,Marcus Gomes; Stella,Sérgio Reinaldo; Cendoroglo Neto,Miguel

2009-01-01

INTRODUÇÃO: A insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) mantém alta prevalência, morbidade e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso do escore prognóstico APACHE II com o ATN-ISS e determinar se o APACHE II pode ser utilizado para pacientes com IRA, fora da UTI. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva, 205 pacientes com IRA. Analisamos dados demográficos, condições pré-existentes, falência de órgãos e características da IRA. Os escores prognósticos foram realizados no dia da avaliação do nefrologista. RESULTADOS: A ...

Free radical-scavenging delta-lactones from Boletus calopus.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jin-Woo; Yoo, Ick-Dong; Kim, Won-Gon

2006-12-01

The methanol extracts from the fruiting body of the mushroom Boletus calopus showed free radical-scavenging activity. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanol extracts led to a new hydroxylated calopin named calopin B, along with the known delta-lactones calopin and cyclocalopin A. The structure of the new calopin analogue was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All compounds showed potent free radical-scavenging activity against superoxide, DPPH, and ABTS radicals with IC (50) values of 1.2 - 5.4 microg/mL.

MISCONCEPTIONS AND NON-SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS ON FREE RADICALS

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Rosiris Sindeaux de Alencar Pires de Oliveira

2016-11-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Misconceptions or alternative conceptions are defined as conceptions that are somewhat different from the scientifically accepted ones and are known to be highly resistant to changes. Free radicals are a widely publicized subject in the media due to their putative importance in human aging and health. Free radicals are a subject susceptible to misconceptions widely spread by the media supporting prejudicial advertising inducing antioxidant consumption. OBJECTIVES: Identify and categorized different free radicals misconceptions published in printed media. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Revista Veja (Digital Archive, the weekly magazine with the largest circulation in Brazil, was selected for this investigation. Period analyzed: from 01/01/2000 to 31/07/2014 with search terms Free radicals and antioxidants. Passages selected were classified as: Right Concept (RC, Wrong Concept (WC, Misconception (MC, Inadequate generalization (IG, Inductive [to misconceptions] Concept (IC, Inductive [to misconceptions] Information (II, and Not fit the inclusion criteria (NFIC. Each one of these categories were further subdivided. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: 79 magazine articles, advertisements and information materials were found which led to 293 text passages. 56.3% were MC, 21.4% II, 8.8% IC, 5.4% IG, 3.4% RC, 2.7% WR, 2.0% NFIC. The most frequently subcategory in each category was: MC: x [something] combats free radicals (22.6%; II: x [substance] is antioxidant (54.0%; IC: x [something] increases free radicals production (34.6%; IG: antioxidant x [substance] combats cancer (56.3%; RC: too much vitamins and minerals is harmful to health (30.0%; WR: free radicals are formed during oxygen conversion to energy process (25.0%. CONCLUSION: Magazine analysis reveal non-scientific concepts (MC, II, IC and IG to be highly frequent, notably misconceptions. Moreover, non-scientific concepts together reach 91.8% of all concepts while right concepts respond for only 2

Uso do suporte ventilatório com pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas (CPAP por meio de máscara nasofacial no tratamento da insuficiência respiratória aguda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Scarpinella-Bueno M.A.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. O objetivo dos autores foi avaliar o efeito da ventilação com CPAP oferecida por meio de máscara nasofacial como método de suporte ventilatório em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda com critérios de indicação para intubação traqueal. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO. Foram estudados 11 pacientes com idade média de 41,3 anos em insuficiência respiratória aguda internados na Unidade Respiratória do Hospital São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina. À admissão, era colhida gasometria arterial em ar ambiente e monitorizava-se freqüência respiratória (f, freqüência cardíaca (FC e pressão arterial (PA. Os mesmos parâmetros eram avaliados após oxigenoterapia via máscara facial aberta e com máscara facial de CPAP usando PEEP de 5cm H2O. RESULTADOS. Com o uso de CPAP através de máscara nasofacial, houve melhora significativa dos níveis de PaO2 e diminuição da freqüência respiratória (p<0,05, quando comparados aos valores em ar ambiente e com máscara facial aberta. CONCLUSÃO. Este trabalho permitiu concluir que a máscara facial de CPAP com 5cm H2O foi eficiente em melhorar a oxigenação arterial e diminuir a freqüência respiratória dos pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda, proporcionando-lhes maior conforto, constituindo uma medida terapêutica capaz de evitar o suporte ventilatório invasivo.

Formation and thermal transformations of radicals in γ-irradiated cellulose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ershov, B.G.; Isakova, O.V.

1984-01-01

The work is aimed at more detailed theoretical analysis of the structure of radicals in cellulose gamma-irradiated at 77 K, specification of the mechanism of their formation, as well as studying reactions of transformation of radicals in the case of temperature increase. It is established that in the case of cellulose gamma-irradiation radicals appear with the localization of an unpaired electron in 1 and 4 positions of the pyranose cycle the formation of which is accompanied by the disruption of the glycoside bound. Thermal transformations of these radicals are conditioned by their dehydration and occur with the formation of radicals of the allelow type

Carbonate radical anion-induced electron transfer in bovine serum albumin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joshi, Ravi [Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India)]. E-mail: rjudrin@yahoo.com; Mukherjee, T. [Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 (India)

2006-07-15

Reaction of native and thermally denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA) with carbonate radical anion (CO{sub 3}{sup -} radical) has been studied using pulse radiolysis technique. Scavenging of CO{sub 3}{sup -} radical by native BSA and consequent electron transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan radical has been observed to occur with almost same rate constant (k{approx}1.7x10{sup 8} dm{sup 3} mol{sup -1} s{sup -1}) at pH 8.8. Effect of structural changes, due to thermal denaturation, on scavenging of CO{sub 3}{sup -} radical and the electron transfer process have been studied and discussed in this paper.

Competing with the radical right: Distances between the European radical right and other parties on typical radical right issues

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Immerzeel, T.; Lubbers, M.; Coffé, H.

2016-01-01

The popularity of European Radical Right Populist parties (RRPs) has led to investigations into the distances between RRPs' and other parties' stances regarding immigration. This article adds to this literature by investigating the distance between RRPs and the other parties on a wider variety of

Competing with the radical right. Distances between the European radical right and other parties on typical radical right issues

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Immerzeel, T.; Lubbers, M.; Coffe, H.R.

2015-01-01

The popularity of European Radical Right Populist parties (RRPs) has led to investigations into the distances between RRPs’ and other parties’ stances regarding immigration. This article adds to this literature by investigating the distance between RRPs and the other parties on a wider variety of

Von Glaserfeld`s Radical Constructivism: A Critical Review

Science.gov (United States)

Hardy, Michael D.

We explore Ernst von Glaserfelds radical constructivism, its criticisms, and our own thoughts on what it promises for the reform of science and mathematics teaching. Our investigation reveals that many criticisms of radical constructivism are unwarranted; nevertheless, in its current cognitivist form radical constructivism may be insufficient to empower teachers to overcome objectivist cultural traditions. Teachers need to be empowered with rich understandings of philosophies of science and mathematics that endorse relativist epistemologies; for without such they are unlikely to be prepared to reconstruct their pedagogical practices. More importantly, however, is a need for a powerful social epistemology to serve as a referent for regenerating the culture of science education. We recommend blending radical constructivism with Habermas theory of communicative action to provide science teachers with a moral imperative for adopting a constructivist epistemology.

Moderate and Radical Islam

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Rabasa, Angel

2005-01-01

This report presents the statement of Angel Rabasa, PhD, Senior Policy Analyst, The RAND Corporation, to the Committee on Armed Services, Defense Review Terrorism and Radical Islam Gap Panel, United...

Anatomical landmarks of radical prostatecomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Stolzenburg, Jens-Uwe; Schwalenberg, Thilo; Horn, Lars-Christian; Neuhaus, Jochen; Constantinides, Costantinos; Liatsikos, Evangelos N

2007-03-01

In the present study, we review current literature and based on our experience, we present the anatomical landmarks of open and laparoscopic/endoscopic radical prostatectomy. A thorough literature search was performed with the Medline database on the anatomy and the nomenclature of the structures surrounding the prostate gland. The correct handling of puboprostatic ligaments, external urethral sphincter, prostatic fascias and neurovascular bundle is necessary for avoiding malfunction of the urogenital system after radical prostatectomy. When evaluating new prostatectomy techniques, we should always take into account both clinical and final oncological outcomes. The present review adds further knowledge to the existing "postprostatectomy anatomical hazard" debate. It emphasizes upon the role of the puboprostatic ligaments and the course of the external urethral sphincter for urinary continence. When performing an intrafascial nerve sparing prostatectomy most urologists tend to approach as close to the prostatic capsula as possible, even though there is no concurrence regarding the nomenclature of the surrounding fascias and the course of the actual neurovascular bundles. After completion of an intrafascial technique the specimen does not contain any periprostatic tissue and thus the detection of pT3a disease is not feasible. This especially becomes problematic if the tumour reaches the resection margin. Nerve sparing open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy should aim in maintaining sexual function, recuperating early continence after surgery, without hindering the final oncological outcome to the procedure. Despite the different approaches for radical prostatectomy the key for better results is the understanding of the anatomy of the bladder neck and the urethra.

Habitat of in vivo transformation influences the levels of free radical scavengers in Clinostomum complanatum: implications for free radical scavenger based vaccines against trematode infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Zafar, Atif; Rizvi, Asim; Ahmad, Irshad; Ahmad, Masood

2014-01-01

Since free radical scavengers of parasite origin like glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase are being explored as prospective vaccine targets, availability of these molecules within the parasite infecting different hosts as well as different sites of infection is of considerable importance. Using Clinostomum complanatum, as a model helminth parasite, we analysed the effects of habitat of in vivo transformation on free radical scavengers of this trematode parasite. Using three different animal models for in vivo transformation and markedly different sites of infection, progenetic metacercaria of C. complanatum were transformed to adult ovigerous worms. Whole worm homogenates were used to estimate the levels of lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress and free radical scavengers. Site of in vivo transformation was found to drastically affect the levels of free radical scavengers in this model trematode parasite. It was observed that oxygen availability at the site of infection probably influences levels of free radical scavengers in trematode parasites. This is the first report showing that habitat of in vivo transformation affects levels of free radical scavengers in trematode parasites. Since free radical scavengers are prospective vaccine targets and parasite infection at ectopic sites is common, we propose that infections at different sites, may respond differently to free radical scavenger based vaccines.

Campylobacter jejuni en niños con enfermedad diarréica aguda (E.D.A

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Carmona V.

1987-06-01

Full Text Available En el período comprendido entre el 15 de septiembre de 1985 y septiembre 30 de 1986 fueron estudiados en Cali, Valle, Colombia, 231 niños que consultaron por enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA; 137 provenían del Hospital Infantil, Club Noel y el resto del Centro de Salud de Siloé y del Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV. El estudio de heces mostró Campylobacter jejuni (CJ en 31 (13.4%. Los 137 pacientes del Club Noel fueron estudiados también buscando Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli enterotoxigénico, encontrándose que el CJ fue el único gérmen en 13 pacientes (9.5% de los 19 aislamientos logrados en esta Institución. Todos los pacientes cursaron con los signos y síntomas típicos de la enfermedad; fiebre, diarrea, vómito, deposición mucosa o sanguinolenta. En cuanto al sexo hubo una relación niño:niña de 2:1 y el grupo de edad más comprometido fue hasta los 2 años, con promedio máximo hacia los 12 meses.

Detection of free radicals by radical trapping and 15N NMR spectroscopy in copolymerization of methyl acrylate and styrene

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kelemen, P.; Klumperman, B.

2003-01-01

The macroradicals taking part in the copolymn. of Me acrylate and styrene were trapped by reaction with a 15N labeled stable nitroxyl radical at 70 DegC. The nitroxyl radical is formed in situ from a thermally instable alkoxyamine precursor. 15N NMR spectroscopy is applied to detect the trapping