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  1. ROS and trehalose regulate sclerotial development in Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chenjiaozi; Pi, Lei; Jiang, Shaofeng; Yang, Mei; Shu, Canwei; Zhou, Erxun

    2018-05-01

    Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA is the causal agent of rice sheath blight (RSB) and causes severe economic losses in rice-growing regions around the world. The sclerotia play an important role in the disease cycle of RSB. In this study, we report the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and trehalose on the sclerotial development of R. solani AG-1 IA. Correlation was found between the level of ROS in R. solani AG-1 IA and sclerotial development. Moreover, we have shown the change of ROS-related enzymatic activities and oxidative burst occurs at the sclerotial initial stage. Six genes related to the ROS scavenging system were quantified in different sclerotial development stages by using quantitative RT-PCR technique, thereby confirming differential gene expression. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of ROS content in mycelia revealed that ROS were predominantly produced at the hyphal branches during the sclerotial initial stage. Furthermore, exogenous trehalose had a significant inhibitory effect on the activities of ROS-related enzymes and oxidative burst and led to a reduction in sclerotial dry weight. Taken together, the findings suggest that ROS has a promoting effect on the development of sclerotia, whereas trehalose serves as an inhibiting factor to sclerotial development in R. solani AG-1 IA. Copyright © 2018 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Severidade da mela da soja causada por Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA em função de doses de potássio Severity of hte foliar blight of the soylean caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA infunction of doses of potassium

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    Marco Antonio Basseto

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available O fungo Rhizoctonia solani pertencente ao grupo de anastomose 1 IA (AG-1 IA é um dos patógenos mais importantes afetando a cultura da soja no Brasil. Este fungo causa queima da folha e/ou mela em soja, para a qual medidas de manejo cultural são consideradas alternativas importantes para controle antes do estabelecimento da doença. Há evidências de que a adubação potássica diminui substancialmente a severidade dos sintomas de várias doenças da soja como a queima foliar (Cercospora kikuchii, a seca da haste e da vagem (Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae e o cancro da haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis. Apesar das evidências do efeito do potássio no controle de várias doenças da soja, não há informação na literatura sobre o efeito desse nutriente no controle da mela. A hipótese testada foi que a mela da soja pode ser controlada através de incrementos na adubação potássica. De maneira geral, concluiu-se que, sob condições de casa de vegetação, o incremento de K no solo não resultou no controle da mela da soja. É necessário, entretanto, confirmar esta observação conduzindo-se experimentos sob condições de campo, podendo-se incluir a avaliação do efeito da doença sob aspectos da produção.The fungus Rhizoctonia solani, belonging to anastomosis group 1IA (AG-1 IA is one of the most important pathogens affecting soybean in Brazil. This fungus causes aerial or foliar blight of soybean, and cultural measures are thought as important choices for the control before the establishment of the disease. Based on evidences that potassium amendments can substantially reduce the severity of several soybean diseases such as Cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii, pod and stem blight (Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae and stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis. Despite all evidence, there is no information in the literature about the effect of potassium controlling the soybean foliar blight. The

  3. Development of a Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB Specific Gene Model Enables Comparative Genome Analyses between Phytopathogenic R. solani AG1-IA, AG1-IB, AG3 and AG8 Isolates.

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    Daniel Wibberg

    Full Text Available Rhizoctonia solani, a soil-born plant pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, affects various economically important agricultural and horticultural crops. The draft genome sequence for the R. solani AG1-IB isolate 7/3/14 as well as a corresponding transcriptome dataset (Expressed Sequence Tags--ESTs were established previously. Development of a specific R. solani AG1-IB gene model based on GMAP transcript mapping within the eukaryotic gene prediction platform AUGUSTUS allowed detection of new genes and provided insights into the gene structure of this fungus. In total, 12,616 genes were recognized in the genome of the AG1-IB isolate. Analysis of predicted genes by means of different bioinformatics tools revealed new genes whose products potentially are involved in degradation of plant cell wall components, melanin formation and synthesis of secondary metabolites. Comparative genome analyses between members of different R. solani anastomosis groups, namely AG1-IA, AG3 and AG8 and the newly annotated R. solani AG1-IB genome were performed within the comparative genomics platform EDGAR. It appeared that only 21 to 28% of all genes encoded in the draft genomes of the different strains were identified as core genes. Based on Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI and Average Amino-acid Identity (AAI analyses, considerable sequence differences between isolates representing different anastomosis groups were identified. However, R. solani isolates form a distinct cluster in relation to other fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota. The isolate representing AG1-IB encodes significant more genes featuring predictable functions in secondary metabolite production compared to other completely sequenced R. solani strains. The newly established R. solani AG1-IB 7/3/14 gene layout now provides a reliable basis for post-genomics studies.

  4. High-resolution mapping of Rsn1, a locus controlling sensitivity of rice to a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes disease on all major crop-plant species. Anastomosis group 1-IA is the causal agent of sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa), one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. R. solani AG-IA produces a necrosis-inducing phytotoxin a...

  5. Comparison of gene co-networks reveals the molecular mechanisms of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jinfeng; Zhao, Wenjuan; Fu, Rong; Fu, Chenglin; Wang, Lingxia; Liu, Huainian; Li, Shuangcheng; Deng, Qiming; Wang, Shiquan; Zhu, Jun; Liang, Yueyang; Li, Ping; Zheng, Aiping

    2018-05-05

    Rhizoctonia solani causes rice sheath blight, an important disease affecting the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Attempts to control the disease have met with little success. Based on transcriptional profiling, we previously identified more than 11,947 common differentially expressed genes (TPM > 10) between the rice genotypes TeQing and Lemont. In the current study, we extended these findings by focusing on an analysis of gene co-expression in response to R. solani AG1 IA and identified gene modules within the networks through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We compared the different genes assigned to each module and the biological interpretations of gene co-expression networks at early and later modules in the two rice genotypes to reveal differential responses to AG1 IA. Our results show that different changes occurred in the two rice genotypes and that the modules in the two groups contain a number of candidate genes possibly involved in pathogenesis, such as the VQ protein. Furthermore, these gene co-expression networks provide comprehensive transcriptional information regarding gene expression in rice in response to AG1 IA. The co-expression networks derived from our data offer ideas for follow-up experimentation that will help advance our understanding of the translational regulation of rice gene expression changes in response to AG1 IA.

  6. Caracterização citomorfológica, cultural, molecular e patogênica de Rhizoctonia solani Kühn associado ao arroz em Tocantins, Brasil Citomorphological, cultural, molecular and pathogenical characterization of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn associated with rice in Tocantins, Brazil

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    Elaine Costa Souza

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available No Estado do Tocantins, no Norte do Brasil, a incidência de rizoctoniose no arroz é importante, causando danos significativos em lavouras de arroz irrigado. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o grupo de anastomose (AG de isolados de R. solani associados ao arroz naquela região, testando a hipótese de que esses isolados pertencem ao grupo padrão de anastomose AG-1 IA, que também é o agente causal da mela em soja em áreas úmidas do Norte do Brasil. Todos os quatro isolados de arroz foram caracterizados, através de fusão de hifas, como AG-1 IA. A caracterização cultural, em função das temperaturas basais (mínimas, máximas e ótimas, evidenciou que os isolados de R. solani de arroz apresentaram perfis semelhantes aos padrões AG-1 IA, AG-1 IB e AG-1 IC. Os isolados de arroz foram caracterizados como autotróficos para tiamina assim como os isolados padrões AG-1 IA, IB, IC, AG-4 HGI e o isolado da mela da soja. O teste de patogenicidade em plantas de arroz cultivar IRGA-409 e de patogenicidade cruzada à cultivar IAC-18 de soja (suscetível à mela, indicou que além de causar a queima da bainha em arroz, esses isolados causam mela em soja. Da mesma forma, o isolado SJ-047 foi patogênico ao arroz. As seqüências de bases de DNA da região ITS-5.8S do rDNA dos isolados do arroz foram similares às seqüências do AG-1 IA, depositadas no GenBank® - NCBI. A filogenia do ITS-rDNA indicou um grupo filogenético comum formado pelos isolados do arroz, o isolado da soja e o isolado teste do AG-1 IA. Assim, com base em características citomorfológicas, culturais, filogenéticas e patogênicas, foi confirmada a hipótese de que os isolados de R. solani patógenos de arroz do Estado do Tocantins pertencem ao grupo de anastomose AG-1 IA, além da indicação de que esses isolados podem também causar a mela em soja.In Tocantins State, Northern Brazil, the incidence of Rhizoctonia sheath blight on rice is important, causing

  7. Radiolytic synthesis of Ag-poly(BIS-co-HEMA-co-IA) nanocomposites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kacarevic-Popovic, Z.; Tomic, S.; Krkljes, A.; Micic, M.; Suljovrujic, E.

    2007-01-01

    Ag-poy(BIS-co-HEMA-co-IA) nanocomposites are prepared via in situ reduction of silver salt embedded in swollen polymer gels by employing gamma irradiation. Hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, itaconic acid and four types of poly(alkylene glycol) acrylate or methacrylate (Bisomers) were previously prepared using gamma irradiation. The nanocomposites are characterized by using UV-vis, swelling measurements and thermal analysis. Evolution of plasmon absorption detected by UV-vis spectrophotometry indicated generation of Ag nanoparticles in polymer hydrogels. Altering the structure of the hydrogels did not lead to alternation of the position of the absorption maximum. The bulk property of equilibrium swelling is dependent on the presence of the Ag nanostructures. The initial thermal stability of the polymer is slightly increased due to presence of silver as nanofiller

  8. Instrument ampersand controls section (IA) improvements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kramer, C.; Paul, J.

    1993-01-01

    This portion of the panel session briefly delineates improvements in the Instrument and Controls (IA) Section over the past few years. These improvements are listed briefly in summary form. The status of publication of the IA Section of AG-1 is reviewed

  9. Cúpulas comerciais para produção de geléia real e rainhas em colméias de abelhas Apis mellifera

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    Garcia Regina Conceição

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente ensaio foi testar quatro tipos comerciais de cúpulas distintas quanto à coloração, altura, volume e diâmetro, na aceitação das larvas transferidas e na produção de geléia real e rainhas. A cúpula que apresentou maior aceitação foi a alaranjada (55,6%, seguida da amarela (37,3%, azul (36,5% e branca (26,9%. As cúpulas que apresentaram maior peso de geléia real foram branca (347,7 mg, alaranjada (312,3 mg, amarela (284,0 mg e azul (202,8 mg. O peso das larvas retiradas no momento da coleta de geléia real não apresentou diferença nas cúpulas de diferentes colorações sendo, em média, 42,0 ± 49,6 mg. O peso das rainhas recém-emergidas foi maior na cúpula branca (190,2 mg, seguida da alaranjada (181,0 mg, amarela (175,4 mg e azul (147,5 mg. O volume das realeiras não apresentou diferença nas cúpulas de diferentes colorações sendo, em média, 822,5 mm³. Com relação às cúpulas de cera, tanto a porcentagem de aceitação quanto a quantidade de geléia real produzida não apresentaram diferença entre os tratamentos. A porcentagem de aceitação nas cúpulas de cera maiores foi 18,2% e nas cúpulas menores, 12,1%. A quantidade de geléia real produzida nas cúpulas de cera menores foi 151,4 mg e nas maiores foi 137,5 mg. As cúpulas branca, alaranjada e amarela apresentaram maior quantidade de geléia real por cúpula (347,7 mg, 312,3 mg e 284,0 mg, respectivamente, entretanto, a maior quantidade total de geléia real produzida por colméia, foi obtida com as cúpulas alaranjadas (1389,40 mg. Para a produção de rainhas também sugere-se o uso das cúpulas alaranjadas

  10. Frequency of pregnant women with HBsAg in a Brazilian community Freqüência de gestantes portadoras do HBsAg em uma comunidade brasileira

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    Geraldo Duarte

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available The work reported here points up the real benefits provided by neonatal immunoprophylaxis of newborns delivered by mothers who are seropositive for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen HBsAg and underscores the need to properly identify such mothers in Brazil so that immunoprophylaxis can be undertaken. To help determine levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV infection and seropositivity for various HBV markers among pregnant women in Southeast Brazil, investigators studied 7992 pregnant women delivering at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo's Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Seroreactivity for HBsAg was determined first by serologic screening with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA procedure in which the sera were incubated for 2 hours and then by confirmation with another ELISA in which the sera were incubated for 18 hours. Subsequently, tests for anti-HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBeAg, and anti-HBcAg markers were conducted using confirmed positive samples. Initial screening found 84 of the 7992 samples (1.05%, 95% CI: 0.84-1.30 to be positive for HBsAg; however, this HBsAg positivity was confirmed in only 76 (0.95%, 95% CI: 0.75-1.19. The positivity rate was significantly higher among subjects whose pregnancies terminated in miscarriage (1.84% than among those with live births (0.83% (chi2, Yates correction = 7.6; P = 0.005. Anamnesis was able to identify HBV risk factors in only 27.6% of the confirmed HBsAg-positive subjects or close household contacts. However, 21.3% (95% CI: 1.04-30.56 of the confirmed HBsAg-positive subjects were found positive for HBeAg, indicating a high risk of vertical transmission of the virus. These results demonstrate a need to conduct specific serologic research at term, in order to provide effective neonatal immunoprophylactic benefits.Visando aferir a tasa de reatividade sérica do HBsAg e de outros marcadores da infecção pelo VHB em parturientes, além de avaliar

  11. Diarréia nosocomial em unidade de terapia intensiva: incidência e fatores de risco Nosocomial diarrhea in the intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors

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    Sérvulo Luiz Borges

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: Diarréia nosocomial parece ser comum em unidades de terapia intensiva, embora sua epidemiologia seja pouco documentada em nosso meio. OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência e fatores de risco de diarréia entre pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos prospectivamente 457 pacientes no período entre outubro de 2005 e outubro de 2006. Dados demográficos, clínicos e bioquímicos, bem como aspecto e número de evacuações eram registrados diariamente até a saída do paciente do setor. RESULTADOS: Diarréia ocorreu em 135 (29,5% pacientes, durando em média 5,4 dias. O tempo do seu início em relação à internação foi de 17,8 dias e casos similares de diarréia no mesmo período foram registrados em 113 (83,7% pacientes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes com diarréia do que naqueles sem esta intercorrência. Na análise multivariada através de modelo de regressão logística, apenas o número de antibióticos (OR 1,65; IC 95% = 1,39-1,95 e o número de dias de antibioticoterapia (OR 1,16; IC 95% = 1,12-1,20 associaram-se estatisticamente com a ocorrência de diarréia. Cada dia de acréscimo a mais da antibioticoterapia aumentou em 16% o risco de diarréia (IC 12% a 20%, enquanto a adição de um antibiótico a mais ao esquema antimicrobiano aumentou as chances de ocorrência de diarréia em 65% (IC 39% a 95%. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de diarréia nosocomial na unidade de terapia intensiva é elevada (29,5%. Os principais fatores de risco para sua ocorrência foram número de antibióticos prescritos e duração da antibioticoterapia. Além das precauções entéricas, a prescrição judiciosa e limitada de antimicrobianos, provavelmente reduzirá a ocorrência de diarréia neste setor.BACKGROUND: Nosocomial diarrhea seems to be common at intensive care units, although its epidemiology be poorly documented in Brazil. AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors of

  12. Alterações morfológicas em traquéias de pacientes intubados em função do tempo de intubação

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    Barbosa Pedro Marco Karan

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Este é um estudo, de caráter analítico-descritivo, que teve como objetivo descrever as alterações morfológicas da traquéia de pacientes intubados com cânulas de alto volume residual e baixa pressão no "cuff", mantidos em ventilação mecânica com pressão intra -"cuff" menor que a capilar da traquéia (20 a 30 mmHg, em função do tempo de intubação. A população constou de 23 pacientes adultos, internados em uma UTI, intubados por períodos entre 27 a 317 horas, e que foram a óbito, necessitando de necropsia para identificação da causa mortis. As alterações encontradas limitaram-se apenas à mucosa da traquéia, atingindo somente o epitélio de revestimento e a lâmina própria, e o tempo de intubação foi um fator determinante do agravamento das lesões na parede traqueal.

  13. Produção de proteína microbiana, concentração plasmática de uréia e excreções de uréia em novilhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão Effects of feeding different levels of urea or cottonseed hulls on microbial protein synthesis, plasma urea concentration and urea excretion in steers

    OpenAIRE

    Karla Alves Magalhães; Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho; Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares; Mônica Lopes Paixão; Douglas dos Santos Pina; Pedro Veiga Rodrigues Paulino; Mário Luiz Chizzotti; Marcos Inácio Marcondes; Alexandre Magno Araújo; Marlos Oliveira Porto

    2005-01-01

    Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão sobre a produção de proteína microbiana, estimada por meio dos derivados de purinas na urina, a concentração de uréia plasmática (NUP) e as excreções de uréia em novilhos, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, 24 novilhos mestiços castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 300 kg, foram alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos: 0; 0,65; 1,30 e 1,95% de uréia na base da MS to...

  14. Incidência de cefaléia em uma comunidade hospitalar Headache incidence in a hospital community

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    VIVIANE H. FLUMIGNAN ZÉTOLA

    1998-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo foi determinar em um grupo de pessoas de uma comunidade hospitalar a incidência de cefaléia e para esta a frequência, principais características e investigações médicas mais solicitadas. Utilizamos a combinação de questionário e entrevista. Do total de 1006 fichas aleatoriamente preenchidas, 987 pessoas responderam corretamente aos quesitos e destas 380 (38,5% eram portadoras de cefaléia. Baseados na Classificação Internacional de Cefaléia dividimos os portadores em dois principais grupos, a migrânea e a cefaléia do tipo tensional. As demais foram agrupadas num terceiro grupo. A idade média foi 31,18 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino em todos os tipos de cefaléia. A presença de história familiar foi positiva em 76,8% dos entrevistados. As características mais frequentes foram: localização frontal, tipo pulsátil e intensidade moderada. O principal fator desencadeante foi o estresse. A procura de acompanhamento médico deu-se em 41,3% dos portadores. Destes, aproximadamente 56% consultaram um clínico geral, 23% consultaram um neurologista e 21% procuraram outras especialidades. O RX de crânio foi o exame mais solicitado pelos generalistas e o eletrencefalograma pelos neurologistas. A tomografia computadorizada do crânio não foi solicitada com frequênciaThe purpose was to describe the main features of headache incidence in a hospital community, its frequency and the most requested medical investigation. Due to the stressful work environment, hospital is considered to hold a high-risk population. Interviews and questionnaires were utilized. Of a 1006 files, which were randomly filled out, 987 could be analyzed. Of all, 38,5% were from headache sufferers. By using a table of pain symptoms taken from the International Headache Society classification as a pattern, headaches were assigned as migraine, tension-type and other. The mean age was 31.18 and the frequency in females was higher than in males, at any

  15. Sintomas da síndrome de apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono em crianças Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children

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    Paloma Baiardi Gregório

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Investigar os sintomas mais freqüentes encontrados em crianças com diagnóstico polissonográfico de síndrome da apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 38 crianças consecutivamente encaminhadas ao laboratório do sono com suspeita de SAHOS no período de junho de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. Os pacientes foram submetidos a um questionário pré-sono e a polissonografia. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 7,8 ± 4 anos (variação, 2-15 anos, sendo 50% das crianças do sexo masculino. Não apnéicos corresponderam a 7,9% dos pesquisados, distúrbio leve obstrutivo do sono ocorreu em 42,1%, moderado em 28,9% e severo em 22,1%. Observou-se maior freqüência de casos severos de apnéia entre crianças menores de seis anos (idade pré-escolar. Dentre as crianças com SAHOS, os sintomas mais citados foram ronco e obstrução nasal, presentes em 74,3 e 72,7% das crianças, respectivamente. Sonolência excessiva e bruxismo ocorreram em, respectivamente, 29,4 e 34,3% dos casos e doença do refluxo em apenas 3,1%. Agitação das pernas e dificuldade para iniciar o sono foram encontradas em, respectivamente, 65 e 33% dos avaliados. Todas as crianças que apresentaram SAHOS de grau severo tinham queixa de ronco e bruxismo. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados mostraram que os sintomas mais freqüentes em crianças e adolescentes com SAHOS são ronco e obstrução nasal. Além disso, quadros mais graves da SAHOS estão associados à menor faixa etária.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the symptoms most frequently found in children with a polysomnographic diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS. METHODS: We evaluated 38 children consecutively referred to the sleep laboratory with suspicion of OSAHS between June of 2003 and December of 2004. The patients were submitted to a pre-sleep questionnaire and to polysomnography. RESULTS: The mean age was 7.8 ± 4 years (range, 2-15 years, and 50% of the children

  16. Aplicação de AG3 e CPPU na qualidade da uva 'Itália' em Porto Feliz-SP

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    Alessandro Rodrigues

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available A videira 'Itália' (Vitis vinifera L. é a cultivar de uva fina para mesa mais consumida no Brasil. A qualidade dos cachos é uma característica fundamental, sendo o tamanho das bagas o componente mais valorizado pelos consumidores. Uma das alternativas para incrementar a qualidade das bagas é o uso de biorreguladores. Avaliaram-se, em três ciclos de produção, os efeitos de doses de ácido giberélico (AG3 isolado e associado com forchlorfenuron (CPPU, na qualidade dos cachos de uva Itália produzida em Porto Feliz-SP. A aplicação dos biorreguladores foi realizada aos 25 dias após o florescimento, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4X4 (zero, 10; 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 5; 10 e 15 mg L-1 CPPU, com oito repetições para o primeiro ciclo, e fatorial 3X3 (zero, 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 10 e 20 mg L-1 CPPU com dez repetições para o segundo e terceiro ciclos. A mistura de 20 mg L-1 de AG3 com 10 mg L-1 de CPPU promoveu o incremento do comprimento e do diâmetro das bagas sem prejuízo da massa dos cachos, melhorando sua qualidade, em Porto Feliz-SP. O uso de CPPU isoladamente acarretou em redução do teor de sólidos solúveis das bagas.

  17. Linguagem e emoção: ethos, fogos e palhas em 'Antiperipléia"

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    Paulo Henrique Aguiar Mendes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Este texto apresenta primeiramente um conjunto de hipóteses teóricas sobre as relações es ta belecidas ent re linguagem e emoção,  funda­ mentadas em categorias  oriundas da retórica, da pragmática  e da análise do discurso. Em seguida,  tais hipóteses são aplicadas  na análise do conto de Tutaméia acima referido, com  vistas  a verificar  a sua operacionalidade.

  18. HEADACHE IN CHAGASIC WOMEN Cefaléia em mulheres chagásicas

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    Vitorino Modesto dos SANTOS

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of headache between Chagasic and Non-chagasic women. The cross-sectional study comprised 647 female ³40 years old, Chagasic (n = 362 and Controls (n = 285 at a Brazilian University Hospital. Chagasic were classified as Cardiac (n = 179, Megas (n = 58 or Indeterminate (n = 125 clinical forms. Headache was ascertained according to Headache International Society diagnostic criteria. The age (57.0 ± 11.3 versus 57.3 ± 10.4 years, and the percentage of white women (75.8% versus 77.1% were similar between Chagasic and Controls, respectively. Headache was more prevalent among Chagasic (32.9% than Controls (16.1%, mainly in Cardiac form (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-4.23, phenomenon possibly related to parasympathetic denervation and cerebral vessels changes.O propósito do estudo foi comparar a freqüência de cefaléia entre mulheres Chagásicas e Não-chagásicas. O estudo retrospectivo compreendeu 647 mulheres com idade ³ 40 anos, Chagásicas (n = 362 e Controles (n = 285 atendidas em um Hospital Universitário brasileiro. As Chagásicas foram classificadas nas formas clínicas: Cardíacas (n = 179, Megas (n = 58 e Indeterminada (n = 125. Cefaléia foi definida de acordo com os critérios da Headache International Society. A idade (57,0 ± 11,3 versus 57,3 ± 10,4 anos e a percentagem de mulheres de cor branca (75,8% versus 77,1% foram semelhantes entre Chagásicas e Controles, respectivamente. Cefaléia foi mais freqüente entre Chagásicas (32,9% que nas Controles (16,1%, principalmente na forma Cardíaca (odds ratio, 2,41; intervalo de confiança 1,38-4,23, fenômeno possivelmente relacionado com desnervação parassimpática e alterações vasculares cerebrais.

  19. Capacidade embriogênica da cultivar IAS-5 de soja

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    Di Mauro Antonio Orlando

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o controle genético da formação de embriões somáticos da cultivar IAS-5 de soja. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, cultivando-se quatro plantas por vaso, sob fotoperíodo de 14 horas e temperatura em torno de 28°C. Efetuaram-se cruzamentos entre os parentais não-embriogênicos (cultivares IAC-6, Paraná e IAC-15 e embriogênico (cultivar IAS-5 e retrocruzamentos para obtenção das gerações F1, F2,RC1P1 e RC1P2. Cotilédones imaturos, com 4-6 mm de comprimento, derivados dos parentais das gerações F1, F2, RC1P1 e RC1P2 foram cultivados em placas de Petri contendo meio N10, por um período de 90 dias, em câmara de crescimento. Os embriões somáticos derivados da indução foram contados, e os números, usados para obtenção dos parâmetros genéticos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o caráter capacidade de produção de embriões somáticos da cultivar IAS-5 é de natureza quantitativa e controlado por, aproximadamente, 20 genes.

  20. A IDÉIA DE ESTADO EM SANTO AGOSTINHO

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    Francisco Manfredo Tomás Ramos

    1985-01-01

    Full Text Available Poderia causar estranheza, — e não somente ao leigo — o fato de pretendermos nos servir do Epistolário de Agostinho como fonte principal para um estudo de maior envergadura acerca das idéias políticas do grande Doutor (354-430. É preciso, pois, salientar, logo de início, que suas cartas à nossa disposição hoje (cf. PL XXXIII — 270 cartas; CSEL LXXXVIII - 31 cartas são não apenas confidenciais e pastorais, mas também doutrinais (filosófico-teológicas, as mais numerosas e oficiais. Cobrem elas todo o arco da vida de Agostinho, a partir de sua conversão, e refletem o século agitado em que ele viveu: a decadência do Império Romano do Ocidente, sua vida econômica, política e religiosa.

  1. Resposta do silício em condições de estresse salino em feijão caupi variedade Gurgéia

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    Anatercia Ferreira Alves

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do silício na produção de matéria seca na cultura de feijão caupi variedade Gurgéia, submetidas a estresse salino. Adotou-se esquema fatorial em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições e duas plantas por vaso de 3 L de capacidade, em que o primeiro fator referiu-se aos níveis de  NaCl (0; 25; 50; 100 e 150 mmol.L-1 e o segundo  aos níveis de SiO2 (0 e 50 mg.L-1. As soluções foram renovadas em intervalos de 15 dias e aos 90 dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram colhidas e separadas em parte aérea, vagens e raízes, em seguida foram secas para determinação da produção de matéria seca. Observou-se que a adição de silício na dose de 50 ml.L -1 de solução nutritiva contendo NaCl  diminuiu o teor de matéria seca na parte aérea e raíz, com exceção das vagens. Na ausência de silício, a produção de matéria seca nas raízes e parte aérea foram maiores nas mesmas condições de estresse salino e em baixas concentrações de NaCl. A produção de matéria seca foi estimulada na ausência de silício.

  2. Desenvolvimento e produção de pólen em colméias de Apis mellifera L. africanizadas mantidas em cultura de girassol

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    Danilo Freitas da Silva

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Foram alojadas oito colméias Langstroth com coletor de pólen modelo alvado, mantidas em uma área de 5 ha de lavoura de girassol (Hellianthus annuus L., distribuídas em dois tratamentos: alimento energético (açúcar invertido ou alimento protéico (açúcar refinado+açúcar invertido+farinha láctea - 6:3:1. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a alimentação energética ou protéica e o desenvolvimento de colônias de abelhas Apis mellifera L., durante a produção de pólen em cultura de girassol. Foram avaliadas: área de cria, área de mel, área de pólen e produção de pólen das colmeias. O suplemento energético proporcionou maior (P

  3. Eqüidade em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde em países da União Européia

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    Maria do Rosário Giraldes

    Full Text Available Pode ser eventualmente mais adequado corrigir desigualdades no domínio da educação, estilos de vida ou nutrição do que no domínio da saúde. O presente artigo propõe-se medir as desigualdades existentes, em países da União Européia, em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde da população. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Gini para quantificar as desigualdades entre países da União Européia no que respeita a educação e atividades culturais, estilos de vida, nutrição, desemprego, utilização de serviços de saúde e despesa em saúde. Os indicadores que apresentam coeficientes de Gini mais elevados são a percentagem da população com ensino secundário elevado, o consumo per capita de manteiga e o consumo per capita de embalagens de medicamentos. Consiste motivo de preocupação para o setor saúde que a área da educação apresente uma tão grande desigualdade em relação à percentagem de inscritos no ensino secundário elevado, em países da União Européia. A desigualdade que existe no consumo per capita de manteiga é igualmente de salientar por causa do impacto que a nutrição tem, por exemplo, na incidência de doenças cárdio e cerebrovasculares e do peso que essas doenças têm na estrutura de mortalidade.

  4. Eqüidade em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde em países da União Européia

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    Giraldes Maria do Rosário

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Pode ser eventualmente mais adequado corrigir desigualdades no domínio da educação, estilos de vida ou nutrição do que no domínio da saúde. O presente artigo propõe-se medir as desigualdades existentes, em países da União Européia, em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde da população. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Gini para quantificar as desigualdades entre países da União Européia no que respeita a educação e atividades culturais, estilos de vida, nutrição, desemprego, utilização de serviços de saúde e despesa em saúde. Os indicadores que apresentam coeficientes de Gini mais elevados são a percentagem da população com ensino secundário elevado, o consumo per capita de manteiga e o consumo per capita de embalagens de medicamentos. Consiste motivo de preocupação para o setor saúde que a área da educação apresente uma tão grande desigualdade em relação à percentagem de inscritos no ensino secundário elevado, em países da União Européia. A desigualdade que existe no consumo per capita de manteiga é igualmente de salientar por causa do impacto que a nutrição tem, por exemplo, na incidência de doenças cárdio e cerebrovasculares e do peso que essas doenças têm na estrutura de mortalidade.

  5. Dieta hipocalórica e treinamento físico em pacientes com síndrome metabólica e apnéia do sono

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    Cristiane Maki Nunes

    2011-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que pacientes com síndrome metabólica (SMet) e apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) apresentam hiperativação simpática e hipersensibilidade quimiorreflexa. Neste trabalho, testamos as hipóteses de que: 1) dieta hipocalórica associada à treinamento físico (D+TF) melhora a sensibilidade quimiorreflexa em pacientes com SMet e 2) Os efeitos da D+TF seriam mais pronunciados em pacientes com SMet+AOS que em pacientes sem AOS (SMet-AOS). MÉTODOS. Vinte e sete ...

  6. Substituição total do farelo de soja por uréia ou amiréia, em dietas com alto teor de concentrado, sobre a amônia ruminal, os parâmetros sangüíneos e o metabolismo do nitrogênio em bovinos de corte Total replacement of soybean meal by urea or starea in high grain diets on nitrogen metabolism, ruminal ammonia-N concentration and blood parameters in beef cattle

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    Reinaldo Cunha de Oliveira Junior

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Seis novilhos da raça Nelore, não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 420 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino 3x3 duplicado, foram utilizados para avaliar a substituição total de uma fonte de proteína verdadeira (farelo de soja, em uma dieta deficiente em proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR, por uréia ou amiréia (fontes de nitrogênio não protéico, ambas em uma dieta adequada em PDR. As dietas foram isoprotéicas (13,0% utilizando-se o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura (BIN como única fonte de volumoso (20% da MS. Foram avaliados: a concentração de amônia ruminal, nitrogênio uréico plasmático, glicose plasmática e o metabolismo do nitrogênio. Os tratamentos foram: 1 farelo de soja (FS; 2 uréia e 3 amiréia (A-150S. A concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no fluido ruminal foi superior no tratamento com uréia, comparado ao tratamento com farelo de soja, sendo que o tratamento com amiréia não diferiu dos demais. O tratamento com amiréia apresentou maior perda de N urinário. A retenção de N (g/d e % do consumido e o valor biológico da proteína (N retido, % do N digerido foram superiores para o tratamento com uréia, comparado aos demais. A concentração de nitrogênio uréico no plasma e a concentração de glicose plasmática foram similares entre os tratamentos. A substituição total do farelo de soja por uréia, ajustando a PDR na dieta de bovinos de corte, demonstrou ser viável. A uréia na forma convencional apresentou vantagens em relação à amiréia.Six Nellore bulls, with initial body weight of 420 kg, were assigned to a duplicated 3x3 Latin square design to evaluate the effects of replacing a true protein source (soybean meal, of high biological value, in a rumen degradable protein (RDP deficient diet, by urea or starea (a supposedly slow release nonprotein nitrogen source, both in a RDP adjusted diet. In natura sugarcane bagasse as the only source of forage (20% of DM. Evaluated

  7. Produção de fitomassa e atributos químicos do solo sob cultivo em aléias e sob vegetação nativa de cerrado

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    A. L. Mafra

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available Os sistemas agroflorestais podem aliar produção de alimentos com conservação dos recursos naturais, buscando economia de fertilizantes a partir da reciclagem de nutrientes. A produção de fitomassa e o aporte de nutrientes foram quantificados num cultivo em aléias e em área de vegetação nativa de cerrado em Botucatu (SP, com vistas em verificar as influências do sistema agroflorestal nos atributos químicos do solo. A leucena foi plantada em linhas em 1987, com espaçamento de 6 m, após calagem e aplicação de P. As linhas da leguminosa foram podadas anualmente, permitindo o cultivo intercalar de centeio + aveia e milho + feijão, durante a estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. A produção anual de fitomassa no sistema agroflorestal foi de 11.036 kg ha-1 de massa seca, com um aporte mineral pelas plantas de (kg ha-1 149,0 de N, 9,4 de P, 70,0 de K, 75,2 de Ca e 31,1 de Mg. O pH do solo e os teores de Ca e Mg nesse sistema foram superiores aos do cerrado, o que se atribuiu ao efeito do calcário. A adubação verde, principalmente a fitomassa da leucena, colaborou na alteração dos teores de matéria orgânica, N e P no solo sob cultivo em aléias.

  8. HISTÓRIA DAS IDÉIAS PEDAGÓGICAS NO BRASIL

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    Aline Perazzoli; Maristela Ferreira da Rocha; Sandino Hoff

    2015-01-01

    A interrogação sobre a história da educação no Brasil, as idéias educacionais componentes e o lugar a ela conferida na pesquisa e no ensino universitário constitui-se no tema central do livro História das idéias Pedagógicas no Brasil, elaborado a partir dos resultados da investigação conduzida pelo autor com Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq. Cobre o conjunto de idéias pedagógicas no Brasil desde 1549 até nossos dias. O professor Saviani é formado em Filosofia pela PUC − SP, é dou...

  9. RELAÇÕES TRÓFICAS EM ASSEMBLÉIAS DE FORMIGAS E LAGARTOS EM ÁREAS DE RESTINGA DA BAHIA

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    Oliveira, Magno Lima Travassos

    2013-01-01

    A composição de uma comunidade pode ser influenciada por uma única espécie, através da competição interespecífica. Cada espécie pode servir de recursos para outras, sendo consumida ou parasitada, ocupando a posição de produtor, consumidor ou decompositor (BEGON et al., 2007). Desta forma, a posição de um organismo dentro da comunidade pode ser definida em termos de utilização dos recursos e de interações com organismos que utilizam os mesmos recursos (PUTMAN, 1994). Essa idéia abstrata da ...

  10. Boracéia Biological Station: an ornithological review

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    Vagner Cavarzere

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Boracéia Biological Station, near the city of Salesópolis, SP, is located in one of the most well-defined centers of endemism in eastern Brazil - the Serra do Mar Center. While the station was established only in 1954 under the auspices of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, the avifauna of this locality had already attracted the attention of ornithologists by the 1940s, when the first specimens were collected. Here we describe the ornithological history of the Boracéia Biological Station with a review of all the bird species recorded during more than 68 years, including recent transect and mist-netting records. Boracéia's records were found in museums, literature and unpublished reports that totaled 323 bird species when recent data is also considered. Of these, 117 are endemic to the Atlantic forest and 28 are threatened in the state. Although there are a few doubtful records that need to be checked, some species are the only sightings in the state. Boracéia includes a recently discovered species near the station site and is extremely important for the conservation of Atlantic forest birds.A Estação Biológica de Boracéia, localizada em Salesópolis, SP, situa-se na Serra do Mar, importante região biogeográfica e um dos centros de endemismo mais bem definidos do Brasil. Apesar de instituída em 1954, quando passou a pertencer ao Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, a avifauna desta localidade já era objeto de pesquisas desde a década de 1940, época em que foram realizadas as primeiras coletas de aves. Aqui é apresentada pela primeira vez uma revisão de todos os registros avifaunísticos realizados nessa localidade ao longo de mais de 68 anos assim como a adição de novos registros com base em dados coletados recentemente com transectos lineares e redes de neblina. Os registros para Boracéia estiveram representados em museus, na literatura e em dados não publicados que, somados aos registros

  11. Volatilização de N-NH3 em decorrência da forma de aplicação de uréia, manejo de resíduos e tipo de solo, em laboratório

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    Sangoi Luís

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A volatilização de amônia (NH3 é a principal perda de nitrogênio (N responsável pela baixa eficiência da uréia aplicada na superfície do solo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do modo de aplicação da uréia e da forma de manejo dos resíduos de aveia preta sobre a volatilização de amônia, em dois solos com diferentes teores de argila e matéria orgânica, sob condições de laboratório. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos num Nitossolo Vermelho (NV e num Neossolo Quartzarênico (NQ, contendo 520 e 50g kg-1 de argila, respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram de três formas de manejo do fertilizante nitrogenado (sem N, uréia aplicada na superfície e uréia incorporada ao solo e três métodos de manejo dos resíduos de aveia (sem palha, palha aplicada na superfície e palha incorporada ao solo. Utilizou-se o equivalente a 4,0mg ha-1 de palha e 255kg ha-1 de N. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por colunas de PVC, contendo 1,47kg de solo argiloso e 2,1kg de solo arenoso. As colunas foram hermeticamente vedadas e a parte superior foi conectada, através de uma mangueira plástica, a frascos coletores com ácido sulfúrico. A quantidade de N-NH3 volatilizada foi determinada por arraste de vapor, em diferentes períodos, após a implantação do experimento. A aplicação superficial da uréia proporcionou maior volatilização de N-NH3 do que sua incorporação, nos dois solos. A manutenção da palha sobre a superfície do solo estimulou a perda de N-NH3 no solo arenoso, independentemente da forma de aplicação da uréia ao solo. A perda de N-NH3 foi numericamente maior e o período de máxima volatilização ocorreu antes no NQ, provavelmente devido ao menor teor de argila, à matéria orgânica e à menor capacidade de troca de cátions, relativamente ao NV.

  12. Hidroxiuréia em pacientes com síndromes falciformes acompanhados no Hospital Hemope, Recife, Brasil Hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease patients in Recife, Brazil

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    Flavia M. G. C. Bandeira

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available O uso de hidroxiuréia promove a elevação dos níveis de hemoglobina fetal (Hb F em pacientes portadores de síndromes falciformes (SF e o medicamento vem sendo estudado em vários grupos de pacientes, incluindo adultos e crianças. O presente trabalho analisou a eficácia e tolerabilidade do uso de hidroxiuréia em crianças na faixa etária entre 5 e 17 anos de idade e em adultos jovens acima de 18 anos, portadores de hemoglobinopatia SS ou Sbeta0 que foram acompanhados regularmente no ambulatório do Hospital Hemope. Os pacientes pediátricos foram tratados com dose inicial de hidroxiuréia de 10 mg/kg/dia, a qual era aumentada em 5 mg/kg por dia em intervalos de oito semanas, até a dose máxima de 25 mg/kg/dia. Para os adultos, o tratamento foi iniciado com 500 mg/dia de hidroxiuréia até a dose máxima de 1g/dia. Foi observada redução do número de crises álgicas assim como do número de internações hospitalares, elevação do nível de Hb F e do Volume Corpuscular Médio, no grupo pediátrico. Entre os pacientes maiores de 18 anos, também se observou melhora clínica e significância estatística com aumento dos valores da hemoglobina e redução dos valores de reticulócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas. Não foram observados sinais ou sintomas sugestivos de toxicidade medicamentosa em ambos os grupos. O uso de hidroxiuréia em todos os pacientes parece ser seguro e eficaz e assegura melhora da qualidade de vida e benefícios a seus familiares. Ademais, as doses preconizadas de hidroxiuréia aparentemente não foram mielotóxicas, não tendo sido necessária a suspensão do tratamento em nenhum dos pacientes.The use of hydroxyurea increases concentrations of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F in sickle cell disease patients. It has been used in adults and in trials with children with the aim of preventing events such as episodes of pain or stokes. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy and side effects of Hydroxyurea in

  13. Estudo da soroprevalência do AgHBs em gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde e da imunoprofilaxia para os recém-nascidos das gestantes AgHBs positivo - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v30i1.4394 Study into the HBsAg seroprevalence in pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional and the immunoprophylaxia on the newborns of these HBsAg-positive women - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v30i1.4394

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    Dennis Armando Bertolini

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Determinar a prevalência do AgHBs nas gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde (15ª R.S. atendidas no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, e verificar se foi solicitada a imunoprofilaxia para hepatite B aos recém-natos das gestantes AgHBs positivo, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A pesquisa do AgHBs foi realizada pela técnica imunoenzimática IMxHBsAg e Axsym HBsAg (Laboratório Abbott. As solicitações de imunobiológicos especiais para a imunoprofilaxia da hepatite B ao CRIE foram obtidas na Seção de Epidemiologia da 15ª R.S. Foram analisadas 12.274 gestantes e a prevalência do AgHBs foi de 1,0%. Dentre as 125 gestantes AgHBs positivo, foram solicitadas imunoprofilaxia para 32 (25,6% recém-nascidos. Ainda que a prevalência encontrada indique ser esta uma área de baixa endemicidade, os resultados reafirmam a importância da realização do diagnóstico da hepatite B no atendimento pré-natal, para adoção da imunoprofilaxia no recém-nascido.To determine HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional assisted in the Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, and verify whether immunoprophylaxis with vaccine and immunoglobulin was requested for the newborns of HBsAg-positive women during the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The research about HBsAg was conducted using the immunoenzymatic IMxHBsAg (Abbot Lab and Axsym HBsAg (Abbot Lab techniques. The requests to the CRIE for special immunobiologic agents for Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis were obtained in the Department of Epidemiology from the 15th Health Regional. The analysis includes 12,274 pregnant women, and the HBsAg prevalence was 1.0%. Among 125 HBsAg positive pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis was requested for 32 (25.6% newborns. Although the prevalence detected demonstrates this to be a low endemic area, the

  14. Produção de proteína microbiana, concentração plasmática de uréia e excreções de uréia em novilhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão Effects of feeding different levels of urea or cottonseed hulls on microbial protein synthesis, plasma urea concentration and urea excretion in steers

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    Karla Alves Magalhães

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de uréia ou casca de algodão sobre a produção de proteína microbiana, estimada por meio dos derivados de purinas na urina, a concentração de uréia plasmática (NUP e as excreções de uréia em novilhos, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, 24 novilhos mestiços castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 300 kg, foram alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos: 0; 0,65; 1,30 e 1,95% de uréia na base da MS total, em substituição à proteína do farelo de soja. No segundo, 16 novilhos mestiços, com peso vivo médio inicial de 230 kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nos quatro tratamentos: 0, 10, 20 e 30% de casca de algodão na base da MS total, em substituição à silagem de capim-elefante. As amostras de urina foram obtidas por meio da coleta de urina spot, na qual foram determinados os derivados de purinas (alantoína e ácido úrico. No soro sanguíneo e na urina, foram analisadas as concentrações de uréia e creatinina. Não houve efeito dos níveis de uréia, tampouco dos de casca de algodão, sobre os derivados de purinas e sobre a eficiência de síntese microbiana. A concentração de NUP e a excreção de uréia não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de uréia das rações. A concentração de NUP decresceu linearmente com a inclusão da casca de algodão na dieta. Tanto a uréia quanto a casca de algodão podem ser utilizadas, até os níveis de 1,95% e 30%, respectivamente, na MS total da dieta de novilhos de origem leiteira, sem afetar a eficiência de síntese microbiana.Two trials were conducted to study the effects of different levels of urea or cottonseed hulls on yield of microbial protein, estimated by the urinary excretion of purine derivatives, concentration of plasma urea, and excretion of urea in steers. In the first trial, 24 crossbred castrated steers averaging 300 kg of initial live

  15. Identificação de espécies de Colletotrichum associados à antracnose em plantas de atemóia e colonização do fungo nos frutos

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    Ana Carolina Firmino

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A atemóia é um híbrido Annona cherimola com A. squamosa. A antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum sp., é uma importante doença da atemóia, causando danos em diferentes órgãos da planta, destacando àqueles causados nos frutos, tanto na pré como na pós-colheita. Diante deste problema, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a identificação de espécies de Colletotrichum associados à antracnose em plantas de atemóia através do seqüenciamento de diferentes regiões do DNA deste fungo e acompanhar as etapas de colonização de frutos de atemóia por este fungo através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Após extração de DNA, foi realizado o seqüenciamento dos genes da β-tubulina e α-elongase e da região do ITS-5.8S rDNA do DNA dos fungos. Das 15 amostras sequenciadas seis foram identificadas como Colletotrichum acutatum e as outras foram identificadas como C. boninense. A espécie C. acutatum foi encontrada somente em amostras obtidas de folhas de atemóia, enquanto que a espécies C. boninense foi identificada de amostras obtidas de frutos, ramos e folhas doentes. Todas as etapas da doença ocorreram nas 48 horas, sendo que foi observada a germinação dos esporos entre duas e quatro horas após a inoculação

  16. Consumo, desempenho e parâmetros econômicos de novilhos Nelore e F1 Brangus x Nelore terminados em pastagens, suplementados com mistura mineral e sal nitrogenado com uréia ou amiréia Feed intake, performance and profitability of Nellore and crossbred (Brangus x Nellore steers finished in pastures, supplemented with mineralized salt and nitrogenous salt with urea or starea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.C.V. Ítavo

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação protéica (40% PB com amiréia ou uréia sobre o consumo de suplemento, desempenho e características econômicas de novilhos terminados em pastagens. Foram utilizados 120 novilhos com 19 meses de idade e 358kg, sendo 60 Nelore e 60 F1 Brangus x Nelore, divididos em três tratamentos com 20 animais, alojados em piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu de 10 hectares cada, totalizando 120 hectares, sendo dois piquetes por grupo genético e tratamento, pastejados alternadamente a cada pesagem (42 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram em mistura mineral com amiréia-150S (AM, mistura mineral com uréia+milho+enxofre (UR e mistura mineral (MM. As médias de consumo de suplemento dos animais F1 foram de 206,1; 145,9 e 73,1g/dia, e as dos animais Nelore, 236,0; 205,1 e 94,3g/dia para os tratamentos AM, UR e MM, respectivamente. Para os novilhos Nelore, houve efeito (PThe effects of protein supplementation of finishing grazing steers by feeding nitrogenous salts (40% CP, urea or starea or mineralized salt only on supplement intake, growing performance and profitability were evaluated. One hundred and twenty steers (60 Nellore and 60 Brangus x Nellore, 19-month old, 358kg BW were divided in 12 equal groups which were allotted to one of 12 Brachiaria brizantha pastures (10-ha each performing two pastures for each breeding group and nutritional treatment. Groups were allowed to graze each pasture for 42 days when they were randomly moved into a new one. Nutritional treatments were as follow: MS - mineralized salt only; ST -mineralized salt plus starea - 150S; and UR - mineralized salt plus urea, corn and sulphur. UR supplement was prepared mixing the same ingredient contents of ST. Crossbred steers consumed 206.1; 145.9 and 73.1g/day whereas Nellore steers consumed 236.0; 205.11 and 94.29g/day of ST, UR and MS; respectively. For Nellore steers, UR increased slaughter weight (518.8kg compared to ST and MS (491.9 and

  17. IA-2 autoantibody affinity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krause, Stephanie; Chmiel, Ruth; Bonifacio, Ezio; Scholz, Marlon; Powell, Michael; Furmaniak, Jadwiga; Rees Smith, Bernard; Ziegler, Anette-G; Achenbach, Peter

    2012-12-01

    Autoantibodies to insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A) are associated with increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Here we examined IA-2A affinity and epitope specificity to assess heterogeneity in response intensity in relation to pathogenesis and diabetes risk in 50 children who were prospectively followed from birth. At first IA-2A appearance, affinity ranged from 10(7) to 10(11)L/mol and was high (>1.0×10(9)L/mol) in 41 (82%) children. IA-2A affinity was not associated with epitope specificity or HLA class II haplotype. On follow-up, affinity increased or remained high, and IA-2A were commonly against epitopes within the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 domain and the homologue protein IA-2β. IA-2A were preceded or accompanied by other islet autoantibodies in 49 (98%) children, of which 34 progressed to diabetes. IA-2A affinity did not stratify diabetes risk. In conclusion, the IA-2A response in children is intense with rapid maturation against immunogenic epitopes and a strong association with diabetes development. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Incidência de ocratoxina A em diferentes frações do café (Coffea arabica L.: bóia, mistura e varrição após secagem em terreiros de terra, asfalto e cimento Incidence of ochratoxin A in fraction diferents coffee beans (Coffea Arabica L: "boia", mixes and "varrição"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Roberto Batista

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available A incidência de ocratoxina A foi estudada em café mistura, bóia e varrição secas em três tipos de terreiro: terra, cimento e asfalto. Foram analisadas 238 amostras coletadas em 11 municípios da região sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, sendo 35 bóia, 97 - mistura e 106 varrição. Das amostras analisadas, em 40% não foi detectada a presença de ocratoxina A, em 31%, foram detectadas a presença de ocratoxina A em níveis que variaram de 0,1 a 5,0 µg/Kg de café. Estes resultados demonstram que 169 amostras (71% analisadas estariam dentro dos limites em estudo da Legislação Européia que regulamenta a concentração máxima de ocratoxina A em grãos de café torrado. As espécies de Aspergillus identificadas como produtoras de ocratoxina A foram Aspergillus ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum e A. sulphureus. Os níveis de contaminação de ocratoxina A em grãos de café foram maiores na fração varrição e nas frações bóia e mistura, secas em terreiro de terra. Os resultados deste estudo concluem que o terreiro de terra aumenta o risco de contaminação com ocratoxina A em grãos de café. A fração varrição devido aos riscos de exposição a ocratoxina A, deve ser reduzida através da adoção de boas práticas agrícolas e não ser utilizada para fins de consumo humano e animal.The ochratoxin incidence was studied in coffee it mixes, it "bóia" and "varrição" dry in three yard types: earth, cement and asphalt. 238 samples were analyzed collected in 11 municipal districts of the south of Minas Gerais state, being 35 "bóia", 97 - it mixes and 106 varrição. Of the analyzed samples, in 40% the ochratoxin A presence it was not detected, in 74 samples, 31%, ochratoxin A presence were detected the in levels that varied from 0,1 to 5,0 µg/Kg of coffee beans. These results demonstrate that in 169 samples (71% analyzed they would be inside of the limits in study of the European Legislation that regulates the maximum concentration of

  19. Carbono, matéria orgânica leve e frações oxidáveis do carbono orgânico sob sistemas de aléias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roni Fernandes Guareschi

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de carbono orgânico (COT do solo, matéria orgânica leve (MOL em água e as frações oxidáveis do COT em uma área de cultivo de milho em aléias de Flemingia macrophylla submetida a diferentes manejos de sua parte aérea. A área de estudo está localizada na “Fazendinha Agroecológica”, no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O desenho experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com 3 tratamentos e 8 repetições, consistindo dos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (cultivo de milho com ausência de aléias; cultivo de milho em sistema de aléias com poda de 0,6 m de altura e cultivo de milho em sistema de aléias sem poda. Em cada uma das áreas foram coletadas amostras compostas nas profundidades de 0-5 cm. A presença de aléias, bem como, as podas realizadas em Flemingia macrophylla na área que essa encontrava-se associada ao cultivo de milho não alterou o teor de COT do solo. No entanto, a utilização dos caules e das folhas como adubo verde oriunda do tratamento onde se realizou a poda da parte aérea das aléias de Flemingia macrophylla, proporcionou ao solo aumento dos teores de MOL, Conteúdo de C da MOL e da fração F1.

  20. Din?mica das assembl?ias de peixes em bancos de macrofitas flutuantes do sistema fl?vio lacustre da ?rea do Catal?o, Amazonas, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Avila, Leandro Cortes

    2011-01-01

    Nas plan?cies de inunda??o da regi?o amaz?nica, uma grande por??o das assembl?ias de peixes utiliza os bancos de macr?fitas aqu?ticas como ?rea de alimenta??o, reprodu??o, ref?gio, ber??rio, e como meio dispersor. A intensidade e a varia??o do n?vel das ?guas influenciam consideravelmente na composi??o, riqueza e abund?ncia das esp?cies em certas localidades. Foram analisados dados das assembl?ias de peixes de bancos de macr?fitas da ilha do Xiborena durante os anos 2003-2007 com o intuito de...

  1. Production of atomic negative ion beams of the Group IA elements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alton, G.D.; Mills, G.D.

    1988-01-01

    A method has been developed which enables the direct sputter generation of atomic negative ion beams of all members of the Group IA elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs). The method consists of the use of sputter samples formed by pressing mixtures of the carbonates of the Group IA elements and 10% (atomic) Cu, Ag, or other metal powder. The following intensities are typical of those observed from carbonate samples subjected to /approximately/3 KeV cesium ion bombardment: Li - : ≥0.5 μA; Na - : ≥0.5 μA; K - : ≥0.5 μA; Rb - : ≥0.5 μA; Cs - : ≥0.2 μA. 7 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab

  2. UHV-TEM/TED observation of Ag islands grown on Si( 1 1 1 ) 3× 3-Ag surface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oshima, Yoshifumi; Nakade, Hiroyuki; Shigeki, Sinya; Hirayama, Hiroyuki; Takayanagi, Kunio

    2001-11-01

    Growths of Ag islands on Si(1 1 1)3×3-Ag surface at room temperature were observed by UHV transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. The Ag islands grown after six monolayer deposition had neither (1 0 0) nor (1 1 0) orientation, but had two complex epitaxial orientations dominantly. One was striped islands which gave rise to a diffraction pattern commensurate with the 3×3 lattice of the Si(1 1 1) surface. The other was the coagulated islands whose diffraction pattern indicated the Ag(1 -3 4) sheet grown parallel to the Si(1 1 1) surface.

  3. Estudo da soroprevalência do AgHBs em gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde e da imunoprofilaxia para os recém-nascidos das gestantes AgHBs positivo = Study into the HBsAg seroprevalence in pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional and the immunoprophylaxia on the newborns of these HBsAg-positive women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Kaori Miyamoto

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Determinar a prevalência do AgHBs nas gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde (15ª R.S. atendidas no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, e verificar se foi solicitada a imunoprofilaxia para hepatite B aos recém-natos das gestantes AgHBs positivo, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A pesquisa do AgHBs foi realizada pela técnica imunoenzimática IMxHBsAg e Axsym HBsAg (Laboratório Abbott. As solicitações de imunobiológicos especiais para a imunoprofilaxia da hepatite B ao CRIE foram obtidas na Seção de Epidemiologia da 15ª R.S. Foram analisadas 12.274 gestantes e a prevalência do AgHBs foide 1,0%. Dentre as 125 gestantes AgHBs positivo, foram solicitadas imunoprofilaxia para 32 (25,6% recém-nascidos. Ainda que a prevalência encontrada indique ser esta uma área de baixa endemicidade, os resultados reafirmam a importância da realização do diagnóstico da hepatite B no atendimento pré-natal, para adoção da imunoprofilaxia no recém-nascido.To determine HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional assisted in the Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, and verify whether immunoprophylaxis with vaccine and immunoglobulin was requested for the newborns of HBsAg-positive women during the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The research about HBsAg was conducted using the immunoenzymatic IMxHBsAg (Abbot Lab and Axsym HBsAg (Abbot Lab techniques. The requests to the CRIE for specialimmunobiologic agents for Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis were obtained in the Department of Epidemiology from the 15th Health Regional. The analysis includes 12,274 pregnant women, and the HBsAg prevalence was 1.0%. Among 125 HBsAg positive pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis was requested for 32 (25.6% newborns. Although the prevalence detected demonstrates this to be a low endemic area, the

  4. Determinação de coliformes na água e no tecido mole das ostras extraídas em Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sonia Assami Doi

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de várias localidades em que são produzidas ostras Crassostrea sp. no estuário de Cananéia, tanto como nos bivalves, por meio dos valores de coliformes baseados na Técnica dos Tubos Múltiplos. Foram realizadas coletas de água em dez localidades durante os anos de 2005 a 2011. A análise da água apresentou média geométrica de coliformes termotolerantes de 24,67 NMP 100 mL-1 e, nos tecidos das ostras, de 15,53 NMP g-1. Verificou-se uma diferença significativa entre as localidades analisadas quanto à densidade de coliformes totais e termotolerantes na água. Analisaram-se as variações das contagens bacterianas em relação à sazonalidade, verificando-se que o outono apresentou a maior média de coliformes nas ostras, sendo os maiores dados coletados em abril. Houve correlação positiva entre coliformes na água e na ostra.

  5. Crystal growth, spectral and laser properties of Nd:LuAG single crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, X D; Meng, J Q; Cheng, Y; Li, D Z; Cheng, S S; Wu, F; Zhao, Z W; Wang, X D; Xu, J

    2009-01-01

    Nd:LuAG (Nd:Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 ) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction experiments show that the Nd:LuAG crystal crystallizes in the cubic with space group Ia3d and has the cell parameter: a = 1.1907 nm, V = 1.6882 nm 3 . The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Nd:LuAG crystal at room temperature were investigated. With a fiber-coupled diode laser as pump source, the continuous-wave (CW) laser action of Nd:LuAG crystal was demonstrated. The maximum output power at 1064 nm was obtained to be 3.8 W under the incident pump power of 17.3 W, with the optical conversion efficiency 22.0% and the slope efficiency 25.7%

  6. Crystal growth, spectral and laser properties of Nd:LuAG single crystal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, X. D.; Wang, X. D.; Meng, J. Q.; Cheng, Y.; Li, D. Z.; Cheng, S. S.; Wu, F.; Zhao, Z. W.; Xu, J.

    2009-09-01

    Nd:LuAG (Nd:Lu3Al5O12) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction experiments show that the Nd:LuAG crystal crystallizes in the cubic with space group Ia3d and has the cell parameter: a = 1.1907 nm, V = 1.6882 nm3. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Nd:LuAG crystal at room temperature were investigated. With a fiber-coupled diode laser as pump source, the continuous-wave (CW) laser action of Nd:LuAG crystal was demonstrated. The maximum output power at 1064 nm was obtained to be 3.8 W under the incident pump power of 17.3 W, with the optical conversion efficiency 22.0% and the slope efficiency 25.7%.

  7. Palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton (Cynodon spp em dietas de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação. 1. Digestibilidade = Forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill and urea in replacement of tifton hay (Cynodon spp in lactating Holstein cows diet. 1. Digestibility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmem Valéria de Araújo Cavalcanti

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Foi avaliado o efeito de quatro níveis (0%; 12,5%; 25%; 37,5%; e 50% de palma forrageira e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton, na ração de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, da matéria orgânica(DAMO, da fibra em detergente neutro (DAFDN, da proteína bruta (DAPB, dos carboidratos totais (DACHOT e dos carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas, com peso médio de 480 kg e produção média de leite de 20 kg/dia, distribuídas em um quadrado latino 5x5. As DAMS, DAMO, DACHOT e DACNF aumentaram, aDAFDN diminuiu linearmente e a DAPB não foi influenciada com o aumento dos níveis de palma e uréia na dieta. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais de mantença, a energia digestível de lactação, energia metabolizável de lactação e energia líquida de lactação aumentaram à medida que eram incluídas palma e uréia na dieta.The effect of five levels forage cactus and urea (0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50% in replacement of tifton hay in lactating Holstein cows diets, on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, organic matter (ADOM, neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, crude protein (ADCP, total carbohydrates (ADTC and nonfiber carbohydrates (ADNFC were evaluated. Five Holstein cows weighing on average 480 kg and with an average milk yield of 20 kg of milk/day were used in a 5x5 Latin square design. The DM, OM, TC and NFC apparent digestibility increased while NDF apparent digestibility decreased linearly and the CP apparent digestibility was not affected by the inclusion of forage cactus and urea. The total digestible nutrients of maintenance,digestible energy of lactation, metabolizing energy of lactation and liquid energy of lactation increased as the forage cactus and urea levels increased.

  8. Uso da bandagem elástica associada ao tratamento fonoaudiológico no controle da sialorréia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wanessa Furtado Caneschi

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO:verificar a efetividade do uso da bandagem elástica associada ao tratamento fonoaudiológico no controle da sialorréia.MÉTODOS:estudo longitudinal realizado com onze crianças com quadro de sialorréia crônica e alteração neurológica. Foi verificada a percepção do fonoaudiólogo e do responsável acerca da gravidade e o número de toalhas/paninhos de boca utilizados ao dia. Empregou-se também a sialometria. Cada participante recebeu a aplicação da bandagem elástica Kinesio Tape na região da musculatura supra-hióidea por 30 dias. As crianças foram avaliadas sem a bandagem (T0, imediatamente após a retirada da bandagem (T1 e três meses após (T2. O tratamento fonoaudiológico foi realizado pelo o mesmo profissional em duas sessões semanais. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente.RESULTADOS:no questionário verificou-se redução da queixa de engasgos com saliva em T1 (p=0,024.A média de uso diário de toalhas/paninhos era de quatro (10,2% em T0, duas (5,1% em T1 e quatro (10,2% em T2.De acordo com a sialometria, verificou-se redução da sialorréia de T0 para T1 (p=0,018 e ausência de diferença entre T0 e T2 (p=0,215 e aumento de T1 para T2 (p=0,05.De acordo com a percepção do fonoaudiólogo houve redução da sialorréia 30 dias após o uso da bandagem, entretanto não se observou melhora ao se comparar os resultados 30 dias após o uso e três meses sem a bandagem.CONCLUSÃO:a bandagem elástica se mostrou eficaz no controle da sialorréia durante seu período de uso, não sendo observada permanência dos resultados após interrupção da aplicação.

  9. Structural analysis of peptides capable of binding to more than one Ia antigen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sette, A; Buus, S; Colon, S

    1989-01-01

    The Ia binding regions were analyzed for three unrelated peptide Ag (sperm whale myoglobin 106-118, influenza hemagglutinin 130-142, and lambda repressor protein 12-26) for which binding to more than one Ia molecule has previously been demonstrated. By determining the binding profile of three...... separate series of truncated synthetic peptides, it was found that in all three cases the different Ia reactivities mapped to largely overlapping regions of the peptides; although, for two of the peptides, the regions involved in binding the different Ia specificities were distinct. Moreover, subtle...... differences were found to dramatically influence some, but not other, Ia reactivities. Using a large panel of synthetic peptides it was found that a significant correlation exists between the capacity of peptides to interact with different alleles of the same molecule (i.e., IAd and IAk), but no correlation...

  10. Cervical Cancer Stage IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... historical Searches are case-insensitive Cervical Cancer Stage IA Add to My Pictures View /Download : Small: 720x576 ... Large: 3000x2400 View Download Title: Cervical Cancer Stage IA Description: Stage IA1 and IA2 cervical cancer; drawing ...

  11. Padrão temporal das internações e óbitos por diarréia em crianças, 1995 a 1998, Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pauline Lorena Kale

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão temporal dos óbitos e internações, no período de 1995 a 1998, associadas à diarréia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade para subsidiar ações específicas de prevenção e controle dessa doença. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM e Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH do Ministério da Saúde. As séries mensais de internações e de óbitos por diarréia foram decompostas em componentes de tendência linear estocástica, sazonalidade determinística e irregularidades mediante a aplicação dos modelos estruturais para análise de séries temporais. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ambas as séries apresentaram mudanças ao longo do tempo, com declínio mais perceptível na série de internações. A variação das taxas de inclinação foi constante para cada uma das séries, em média, a menos 5,3 internações por mês (p-valor <0,001 e menos um óbito por mês (p-valor <0,1, respectivamente. Na análise dos resíduos do modelo de internações, observou-se mudança no nível da tendência em janeiro de 1996. O componente sazonal de ambos os modelos foi estatisticamente significante (p-valor <0,0001, sendo maio e junho os meses com maior excesso de internações e óbitos. Os pressupostos de normalidade e de independência temporal dos resíduos não puderam ser rejeitados ao nível de 0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem a predominância da etiologia viral das diarréias moderadas e graves. Neste caso, a vacinação específica é a medida mais eficaz na prevenção e controle, sendo necessários estudos de eficácia de novas candidatas à vacina contra o rotavírus no Brasil.

  12. Padrão temporal das internações e óbitos por diarréia em crianças, 1995 a 1998, Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kale Pauline Lorena

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão temporal dos óbitos e internações, no período de 1995 a 1998, associadas à diarréia em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade para subsidiar ações específicas de prevenção e controle dessa doença. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM e Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH do Ministério da Saúde. As séries mensais de internações e de óbitos por diarréia foram decompostas em componentes de tendência linear estocástica, sazonalidade determinística e irregularidades mediante a aplicação dos modelos estruturais para análise de séries temporais. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ambas as séries apresentaram mudanças ao longo do tempo, com declínio mais perceptível na série de internações. A variação das taxas de inclinação foi constante para cada uma das séries, em média, a menos 5,3 internações por mês (p-valor <0,001 e menos um óbito por mês (p-valor <0,1, respectivamente. Na análise dos resíduos do modelo de internações, observou-se mudança no nível da tendência em janeiro de 1996. O componente sazonal de ambos os modelos foi estatisticamente significante (p-valor <0,0001, sendo maio e junho os meses com maior excesso de internações e óbitos. Os pressupostos de normalidade e de independência temporal dos resíduos não puderam ser rejeitados ao nível de 0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem a predominância da etiologia viral das diarréias moderadas e graves. Neste caso, a vacinação específica é a medida mais eficaz na prevenção e controle, sendo necessários estudos de eficácia de novas candidatas à vacina contra o rotavírus no Brasil.

  13. Modelo de indução de diarréia osmótica em bezerros holandeses Model for osmotic diarrhea in holstein calves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Lizandra do Rego Leal

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar um protocolo de diarréia osmótica induzida, foram utilizados 18 bezerros hígidos, com idade entre oito e 30 dias de vida, e peso variando de 37 a 50kg. A diarréia e a desidratação foram induzidas por meio da administração de leite integral (16,5mL kg-1, sacarose (4g kg-1, espirolactona e hidroclorotiazida (2mg kg-1, a cada oito horas, durante dois dias. O exame físico e as coletas de sangue para determinações de componentes do hemograma, hemogasometria e de constituintes bioquímicos foram realizados em T0 (0h, T1 (24hi e T2 (48hi. O protocolo de indução da diarréia obteve 100% de eficiência, produzindo diarréia aquosa e desidratação intensa (13% do peso corpóreo acompanhadas de azotemia pré-renal, aumento nos valores do hematócrito, hemoglobina e proteína total, hipercalemia, hiperlactemia, hiperfosfatemia, acidose metabólica e diminuição do défict de volume plasmático e da pressão venosa central.Eighteen health Holstein calves between 18 and 30 days old and 37 weighting 50kg (body weight - BW were used to develop a model for inducing osmotic diarrhea in order to cause a status of dehydration. Thus, sucrose (4g kg BW-1 and spirolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (2mg g BW-1 were added to the whole milk (16.5mL kg-1 each 8h for two days. Physical examination and blood samples for hemogram, acid:base status and biochemical analysis were obtained at 0 (T0, 24h (T1 and 48h (T2. Watery diarrhea and severe dehydration (13% of the BW were seen in all calves, followed by pre-renal azotemia, high values of hematocrit, hemoglobin and total protein levels, hiperkalemia, hyperlactemia, and hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis and decreased plasma volume and central venous pressure.

  14. Electromigration and morphological changes in Ag nanostructures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chatterjee, A.; Bai, T.; Edler, F.; Tegenkamp, C.; Weide-Zaage, K.; Pfnür, H.

    2018-02-01

    Electromigration (EM) as a structuring tool was investigated in Ag nanowires (width 300 nm, thickness 25 nm) and partly in notched and bow-tie Ag structures on a Si(1 0 0) substrate in ultra-high vacuum using a four-tip scanning tunneling microscope in combination with a scanning electron microscope. From simulations of Ag nanowires we got estimates of temperature profiles, current density profiles, EM and thermal migration (TM) mass flux distributions within the nanowire induced by critical current densities of 108 A cm-2. At room temperature, the electron wind force at these current densities by far dominates over thermal diffusion, and is responsible for formation of voids at the cathode and hillocks at the anode side. For current densities that exceed the critical current densities necessary for EM, a new type of wire-like structure formation was found both at room temperature and at 100 K for notched and bow-tie structures. This suggests that the simultaneous action of EM and TM is structure forming, but with a very small influence of TM at low temperature.

  15. SOJA IAC/IAS-5: CULTIVAR RESISTENTE AO CANCRO DA HASTE

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    MASCARENHAS HIPÓLITO ASSUNÇÃO ANTONIO

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Há aproximadamente oito anos, o cancro da haste (Phomopsis phaseoli f. sp. meridionalis/Diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis da soja tem sido o principal fator limitante da produtividade em áreas de manifestação da doença. O seu controle mediante cultivares resistentes é o método mais econômico. Num ensaio em casa de vegetação, visando avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio no controle do cancro da haste, no cultivar IAS-5, moderadamente resistente, verificou-se haver plantas altamente resistentes, comprovadas em três gerações, todas inoculadas com o fungo causador da doença. A importância da obtenção do IAS-5 e de sua multiplicação deve-se a ser o mais cultivado no Estado de São Paulo e apresentar resistência ao cancro da haste.

  16. Única ou dupla inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em porcas com ovulações induzidas pelo Hormônio Luteinizante

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    Paulo Henrique Candini

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Duzentas e cinqüenta e quatro matrizes Camborough 22 (PIC®, foram divididas em 3 tratamentos: T 1 (n=60 - 600 UI de eCG após desmama e 5 mg de LH, 72 h após eCG , com única inseminação artificial (IA (24 h após LH; T 2 (n=95 - mesmo tratamento hormonal do T1, com 2 IA (24 e 32 h após LH; T 3 (n=99 - grupo controle sem tratamento hormonal, com 3 IA. As médias de intervalo desmame-estro (IDE em T1, T2 e T3 foram de 87,4 ± 3,0 (87 a 111, 87 ± 0 (87 e 99,9 ± 13,6 (63 a 135 horas, respectivamente, sendo reduzidas (P < 0,0001 pelas gonadotrofinas. A duração do estro (DE foi de 44,3 ± 8,78 (12 a 60, 41,3 ± 9,77 (24 a 60 e 60,1 ± 10,22 (36 a 84 ;horas;, respectivamente para T1, T2 e T3, sendo menor (P < 0,0001 nas fêmeas tratadas. As diferenças no intervalo LH e ovulação (LH-OV entre o grupo controle (56,1 ± 15,91, variação de 21 a 93 horas e os grupos tratados (35,7 ± 6,07 em T1 e 35,5 ± 6,06 em T2, com variação de 30 a 42 horas foram significativas (P < 0,0001. O tamanho de leitegada (TL foi de 10,6 ± 3,25 (2 a 16 em T1, 11,3 ± 3,0 (4 a 20 em T2 e 11,6 ± 2,74 (4 a 18 leitões em T3, enquanto os mesmos demonstraram número de leitões nascidos vivos (NV de 9,6 ± 3,14 (2 a 16, 10,5 ± 2,83 (1 a 18 e 10,5 ± 2,73 (4 a 16 leitões. Tanto em TL (P = 0,11 quanto em NV (P = 0,06 não houve diferença. A significante taxa de parição (TP no T1, T2 e T3 foi, respectivamente, 76,67 %, 88,42 % e 91,92 %, diferindo entre T1 e T3 (P = 0,01. As gonadotrofinas foram efetivas na indução e sincronização das ovulações; o uso de 2 IAs manteve os índices reprodutivos e, embora a IA única não revele significância quanto ao menor valor de TL, há necessidade de serem realizados novos estudos nesta área.

  17. Perfil dos acidentes rurais em agências do INSS de São Paulo no ano 2000

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    Ila Maria Corrêa

    Full Text Available Levantamento realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar os acidentes rurais registrados em agências da previdência social. Foram amostradas dez agências no estado de São Paulo tomando-se como base o ano de 2000. Os acidentes foram avaliados em termos da distribuição percentual das seguintes características: perfil do acidentado (sexo, idade, estado civil, tarefa em execução na ocasião do acidente, natureza da causa do acidente, tipo de agente da lesão, partes do corpo atingidas, tipos de lesões e conseqüência do acidente (dias de afastamento, ocorrência de internação. Um total de 949 registros de acidentes foram identificados. Dos inúmeros relatos de acidentes apresentados observou-se que: a grande maioria deles está relacionada à colheita manual de produtos agrícolas (41,7 % sendo as ferramentas manuais a natureza predominante das causas (34,3 % e os ferimentos/contusões o tipo de lesão mais comum (68,9 %. O principal agente da lesão foram as batidas contra objetos ou partes mecânicas (43,8 % sendo os membros superiores os mais atingidos (43,2 %.

  18. Níveis de uréia em suplementos para terminação de bovinos em pastejo durante a época seca - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i3.560 Urea levels in supplements for finishing cattle at pasture during the dry season - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i3.560

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de Moraes

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se níveis de inclusão de uréia em suplementos sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade e parâmetros do metabolismo dos compostos nitrogenados em bovinos, manejados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, no período de seca. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos Holandês x Zebu, não-castrados, com peso médio inicial de 250 kg, fistulados no esôfago, rúmen e abomaso. Foram fornecidos suplementos isoprotéicos (20% PB, constituídos de milho grão, farelo de algodão, mistura mineral e diferentes níveis de uréia, com base na matéria natural (0; 1,6; 3,2; e 4,8%, na quantidade de 1% do peso vivo. O experimento foi conduzido segundo delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4. Os níveis de uréia influenciaram de forma quadrática (p The effects of different urea levels in supplements evaluated on intake, digestibility, and metabolism of nitrogenous compounds of crossbreed steers grazing on a pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu during dry season. Four Holstein x Zebu steers, with average initial live weight of 250 kg, fistulated in the esophagus, rumen, and abomasum, were used. The animals received supplement (1% of live weight, containing 20% CP, based on corn grain, cottonseed meal, mineral mix, and urea in four levels, as fed (0, 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8%. The experiment was carried out according a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The urea levels showed a quadratic response (p < 0.10 to total dry matter (DM intake and DM intake from pasture, with better response close to 1.6% of urea. Total and rumen digestibilities of DM, organic matter, and CP, rumen ammonia concentration, and urine excretion of urea showed a positive linear relationship (p < 0.10 with urea levels in the supplements.

  19. Frequency of islet cell autoantibodies (IA-2 and GAD in young Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients

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    Pardini V.C.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Type 1 diabetes, as an autoimmune disease, presents several islet cell-specific autoantibodies such as islet cell antibody (ICA, anti-insulin, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD and the antibody (Ab against tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-like protein known as ICA-512 (IA-2. In order to determine the frequency of the anti-GAD and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies in Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients we studied 35 diabetes mellitus (DM type 1 patients with recent-onset disease (£12 months and 37 type 1 diabetes patients with long-duration diabetes (>12 months who were compared to 12 children with normal fasting glucose. Anti-GAD65 and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies were detected with commercial immunoprecipitation assays. The frequency of positive results in recent-onset DM type 1 patients was 80.0% for GADAb, 62.9% for IA-2Ab and 82.9% for GADAb and/or IA-2Ab. The long-duration type 1 diabetes subjects presented frequencies of 54.1% for GADAb and IA-2Ab, and 67.5% for GAD and/or IA-2 antibodies. The control group showed no positive cases. Anti-GAD and IA-2 assays showed a high frequency of positivity in these Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients, who presented the same prevalence as a Caucasian population.

  20. Prevalência e características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes regulares de exercícios físicos Prevalence and characteristics of headache in a population of regular physical exercise practitioners

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    Fabrício Miranda

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available MOTIVO: O impacto causado pela cefaléia pode impedir a aderência a um programa regular de atividade física. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e as características da cefaléia em uma população de praticantes de exercícios físicos. MÉTODO: Cem alunos de uma academia foram avaliados. Todos eram alunos regulares por pelo menos 12 meses e praticavam exercícios aeróbicos pelo menos 3 vezes por semana. Um questionário sobre a prevalência e características da cefaléia foi aplicado a todos aqueles que apresentaram nos últimos 12 meses. O questionário de avaliação de impacto MIDAS também foi aplicado. RESULTADOS: 57 homens e 43 mulheres foram incluídos. Oitenta apresentaram cefaléia no período avaliado. Em 63% a dor era pulsátil. Em 73% da amostra a freqüência de crises situava-se em menos de 1 vez a cada 10 dias. O escore do questionário MIDAS foi inferior a 5 em 83% desses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Embora não avaliados por médico e baseado em recall, os dados sugerem alta prevalência de cefaléia com critérios de migrânea. É incerto se a prática regular de exercícios físicos reduz a freqüência de crises ou se os sofredores de cefaléia com baixa freqüência de crises são os que fazem atividade física regular.BACKGROUND: The burden of headache may impede sufferers from adhering to a routine of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of headache in a health club population. METHOD: One hundred attendees of a health club were interviewed. They all were regular attendees for the previous 12 months and practiced aerobic exercises no less than 3 times a week. A questionnaire with characteristics of headache was applied to all who had a headache attack during the previous 12 months. MIDAS questionnaire was used as well. RESULTS: 57 men and 43 women were included. Eighty subjects had a headache attack, which was pulsatile in 63% of the sufferers. MIDAS was lower than 5 days in 83% of the

  1. Data of evolutionary structure change: 1A2IA-1WADA [Confc[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1A2IA-1WADA 1A2I 1WAD A A APKAPADGLKMEATK-----QPVVFNHSTHKSVKCGDCH...HPVNGKEDYRKCGTAGCHDSMDKKDKSAKGYYHVMHDKN-TKFKSCVGCHVEVAGADAAKKKDLTGCKKSKCHE -VDVPADGAKIDFIAGGEKN... 1WAD A 1WADA IDFIAG...D A 1WADA VHDAKGGAKPT A 1WADA HHDPG-DKQYA - <

  2. BK polyomavirus genotypes Ia and Ib1 exhibit different biological properties in renal transplant recipients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Varella, Rafael B; Zalona, Ana Carolina J; Diaz, Nuria C; Zalis, Mariano G; Santoro-Lopes, Guilherme

    2018-01-02

    BK polyomavirus (BKV) is an opportunist agent associated with nephropathy (BKVAN) in 1-10% of kidney transplant recipients. BKV is classified into genotypes or subgroups according to minor nucleotidic variations with unknown biological implications. Studies assessing the possible association between genotypes and the risk of BKVAN in kidney transplant patients have presented conflicting results. In these studies, genotype Ia, which is highly prevalent in Brazil, was less frequently found and, thus, comparative data on the biological properties of this genotype are lacking. In this study, BKV Ia and Ib1 genotypes were compared according to their viral load, genetic evolution (VP1 and NCCR) - in a cohort of renal transplant recipients. The patients infected with Ia (13/23; 56.5%) genotype exhibited higher viral loads in urine [>1.4 log over Ib1 (10/23; 43.5%); p=0.025]. In addition, genotype Ia was associated with diverse mutations at VP1 loops and sites under positive selection outside loops, which were totally absent in Ib1. Although the number of viremic patients was similar, the three patients who had BK nephropathy (BKVAN) were infected with Ia genotype. NCCR architecture (ww or rr) were not distinctive between Ia and Ib1 genotypes. Ia genotype, which is rare in other published BKV cohorts, presented some diverse biological properties in transplanted recipients in comparison to Ib1. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em sistema de aléias no Estado do Maranhão, Brasil Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an alley cropping system in the state of Maranhão, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camila Pinheiro Nobre

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Sistemas em aléias podem consistir numa solução para o uso da terra em regiões do Trópico Úmido. A relação dessa forma de manejo com a dinâmica dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA ainda é pouco compreendida. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a influência de leguminosas arbóreas em um sistema em aléias na capacidade infectiva e diversidade de FMA nativos em São Luís, Maranhão. Amostras de solo coletadas do sistema em aléias no campus experimental da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA - São Luís, em duas épocas do ano (Julho/2006 e Abril/2007, a duas distâncias (0 m e 0,5 m do tronco de três leguminosas (Leucaena leucocephala, Clitoria fairchildiana e Acacia mangium e em área testemunha (sem leguminosas na profundidade de 0 - 20 cm. O solo coletado foi utilizado para avaliar a capacidade infectiva dos FMA nativos, densidade e identificação de glomerosporos. O sistema em aléias aumenta o potencial de infectividade dos FMA nativos dependendo da espécie de leguminosa arbórea associada, estação de coleta e proximidades das árvores. Dezesseis espécies de FMA foram encontradas na área distribuídas em cinco gêneros, sendo Scutellospora o mais representativo.Alley cropping systems may be a solution for land use in tropical regions. How land use is connected to mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (AMF is poorly understood, especially in the tropics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of leguminous trees in an alley cropping system in regard to the infectivity and diversity of native AMF species in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in an experimental area of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA - São Luís, in two seasons (July/2006 and April/2007, two distances (0 m and 0.5 m from the trunk of three leguminous trees (Leucaena leucocephala, Clitoria fairchildiana e Acacia mangium, and in a control area 0-20 cm deep. Soil samples were used to evaluate the

  4. O líder e o processo de aprendizagem organizacional: um estudo em grupos de trabalho de atendimento aos clientes em agências bancárias

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    Wilson Aroma

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo trata da influência dos líderes na facilitação do processo de aprendizagem, em agências bancárias, do grupo de atendimento a clientes, entendendo que esse serviço é um diferencial competitivo para as organizações. Fundamenta-se em uma pesquisa exploratória realizada na cidade de São Paulo, por meio da qual se procedeu ao levantamento de dados qualitativos, em entrevista com 12 funcionários de atendimento de agências bancárias de três diferentes bancos privados nacionais. Para interpretação dos dados obtidos, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os líderes com traços de liderança de características transformacionais conseguiam propiciar um ambiente mais favorável à aprendizagem dos funcionários do que aqueles com traços transacionais, muito embora os ambientes de trabalho pesquisados fossem altamente controlados, baseados no cumprimento de rotinas, exigindo da gerência uma liderança voltada mais para aliviar frustrações do que para gerar transformações.

  5. Digestibilidade in situ de cana de açúcar (Saccharum officinarum nas formas natural ou ensilada, adicionadas ou não de uréia

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    Carlos de Sousa Lucci

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Doze ovinos com cânulas de rúmen foram empregados para comparar seis tratamentos, dispostos em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3: cana de açúcar nas formas fresca (CAF ou ensilada (CAS x teores de uréia iguais a 0,0%, 0,5% e 1,0%. Foram estimadas: taxas de degradabilidade efetiva (DGE dos alimentos volumosos, concentrações de ácidos graxos voláteis(AGV e de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3 e valores de pH do conteúdo do rúmen, além de concentrações de N-uréico no sangue. As taxas de DGE da matéria seca (MS mostraram-se semelhantes para CAF e CAS. A adição de teores crescentes de uréia às forragens resultou em diminuição linear da DGE da MS tanto da CAF como da CAS. No caso da CAS, a DGE da fibra em detergente neutro diminuiu linearmente com concentrações crescentes de uréia. Os valores de pH do conteúdo ruminal foram maiores para CAS em relação a CAF, mas não ocorreram diferenças devidas à adição de uréia. Os teores do conteúdo ruminal em total de AGV e os de ácido propiônico foram maiores para a CAF em relação a CAS; os de ácido acético, ao contrário, foram maiores para a CAS. Os teores de N-NH3 do conteúdo ruminal foram maiores para a CAS que para a CAF. Nos tratamentos com CAF e nos com CAS, as concentrações de N-NH3 no conteúdo ruminal e de N-uréico no sangue aumentaram linearmente com maiores adições de uréia. Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,5% e 1,0% uréia às forragens frescas ou ensiladas de cana-de-açucar não mostrou resultados satisfatórios e que CAF apresentou indícios de melhor qualidade nutricional que CAS.

  6. Diarréia por parasitas Parasites induced diarrheas

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    Maria Eugênia Farias Almeida Motta

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available A diarréia é uma causa importante de morbimortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Os agentes etiológicos mais comuns são os vírus e as bactérias. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a ocorrência de diarréia como manifestação clínica de parasitose. Discute-se quais os protozoários e os helmintos que podem causar diarréia, as bases científicas atuais que explicam os mecanismos fisiopatológicos que desencadeiam a diarréia, bem como os exames complementares e o tratamento adequado para cada parasita implicado.Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The most common etiological agents are viruses and bacteria. This article has the objective of analyzing diarrhea as a clinical symptom of parasitosis. Protozoa and helminthes that may cause diarrhea are discussed, current scientific basis clarifying the pathological and physiological mechanisms causing diarrhea as well as supplementary tests and adequate treatment for each parasite involved are focused.

  7. First principles study of the Ag nanoclusters adsorption effect on the photocatalytic properties of AgBr(1 1 0) surface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chi, Yuhua; Zhao, Lianming; Li, Xue; Zhu, Houyu; Guo, Wenyue

    2018-05-01

    The electronic structures and photocatalytic performance of Agn/AgBr(1 1 0)(n = 7-13) are studied using density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption of Agn (n = 7-13) nanoclusters on AgBr(1 1 0) surface induces a new metal-induced gap band (MIGB) located between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB), the variety of the electronic characters of AgBr(1 1 0) favor the visible and infrared light absorption, which improves the sunlight utilization. The dominant localization of the photo-excited electrons on the Agn clusters of Agn/AgBr(1 1 0)(n = 7-13) facilitates the oxidation-reduction reactions occurring on the surface and also effectively reduces the photolysis of AgBr under the sunlight irradiation. The overpotentials of the CB and VB edges indicate that photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O to methanol is possible on AgBr(1 1 0) deposited with the Agn nanoclusters, which has been realized experimentally (An et al., 2012). The substantial strengthening of visible and infrared light absorption and the free energy profiles for the conversion of CO2 with H2O to methanol indicate that Ag13/AgBr(1 1 0) surface can be expected to be the excellent photocatalysts.

  8. Sobre o feminino e a cidadania em Pompéia

    OpenAIRE

    Feitosa, Lourdes M. G. C.; Faversani, Fábio

    2002-01-01

    Nos últimos anos, novos trabalhos tem questionado os antigos paradigmas interpretativos que excluíam a mulher do espaço público e do grupo de cidadãos. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a ideia equivocada do confinamento feminino ao lar e de sua exclusão da vida pública e do poder, durante o século 1 d.C. A análise de inscrições parietais de Pompéia tem sido importante para questionar esta imagem sobre as mulheres romanas. _______________________________________________________________...

  9. Perfil etiológico das diarréias agudas de crianças atendidas em São Paulo Etiologic profile of acute diarrhea in children in the city of São Paulo

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    Eloisa C. Souza

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar o perfil etiológico das diarréias agudas de um grupo de crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico atendidas em um serviço regional de pronto-atendimento pediátrico. Método: durante dois anos, as crianças com diarréia aguda atendidas durante um horário pré-estabelecido do dia e da semana foram incluídas no estudo. Os outros critérios seletivos eram: a idade inferior a 5 anos; b não utilização de antibiótico no mês precedente; c ausência de viagem para fora da cidade no mês precedente. Foram pesquisados nas fezes: a rotavírus (imunofluorescência e contra-imunoeletroforese; b bactérias - cultura em ágar MacConkey, ágar SS, ágar Columbia, verde brilhante, soroaglutinação, detecção de toxinas - INV, LT,ST,SLT I, SLT II, teste de Séreny, detecção de fatores de virulência -- EAF, eae ,BFP; c protozoários (Hoffman e Faust. No mesmo período, um grupo controle sem diarréia foi também avaliado para os mesmos patógenos fecais. Resultados: no período de março de 1994 a junho de 1996, foram selecionadas para o estudo 154 crianças com diarréia aguda (GDA e 42 crianças sem diarréia (GSDA. Foram detectados agentes enteropatogênicos em 112 casos (72,8% do GDA, e em 9 (21,5% do GSDA. A associação de dois ou mais enteropatógenos ocorreu em 47 (30,5% casos do GDA, e em 3 (7,1% do GSDA. Os patógenos encontrados por caso, do GDA, foram: rotavírus 32 (20,8%, bactérias 53 (34,4%, ambos 25 (16,2%, e 2 (1,4% com Giardia lamblia (em um caso associada a rotavírus e noutro à bactéria. No GSDA, foram detectadas bactérias em 8 casos (19,1%, e bactéria associada à Giardia lamblia em 1 (2,4% caso. Das 105 bactérias isoladas no GDA, 90 eram Escherichia coli (EPEC 27, DAEC 24, ETEC 21, EAEC 18, 12 eram Shigella sp, 2 eram Salmonella sp, e uma era Yersinia sp. As crianças com infecção mista - viral e bacteriana - apresentaram maior ocorrência de vômitos repetidos, desidratação e interna

  10. Digestibilidade aparente da energia e da fibra de dietas para ovinos contendo uréia, amiréia ou farelo de algodão Apparent digestibility of energy and fiber of sheep diets containing urea, starea or cottonseed meal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade da energia e da fibra de dietas contendo uréia, amiréia ou farelo de algodão como fontes protéicas exclusivas e silagem de milho como volumoso. Utilizaram-se 24 borregos com 11 meses de idade e peso médio 31 kg e o método da coleta total de fezes. A ingestão de matéria seca foi de 64,1; 68,8 e 71,4 g/kg PV0,75/dia e as digestibilidades da energia da FDN e da FB foram 63,0; 67,7 e 64,4%, 39,6; 55,7 e 50,0%, 47,0; 49,3 e 53,4%, respectivamente, para dietas com uréia, amiréia e farelo de algodão. Os ganhos em peso foram 278,5; 348,0; e 293,7 g/anim.dia, na mesma ordem. O uso da amiréia poderá ser o mais adequado, em relação a uréia e farelo de algodão, em dietas para borregos contendo silagem de milho como volumoso.This research was conducted to evaluate the energy and the fiber digestibility of diets containing urea, starea and cottonseed meal as nitrogen sources and corn silage as forage. Twenty-four lambs averaging 11 months old and initial 31 kg LW and total feces collection method were used. Dry matter intake was 64.1, 68.8 and 71.4 g /kg PV.75 /day and the energy, NDF and CF digestibilities were 63.0, 67.7 and 64.4%, 39.6, 55.7 and 50.0%, 47.0, 49.3 and 53.4%, for the diets with urea, starea and cottonseed meal, respectively. The average weights gain were 278.5, 348.0 and 293.7 g/anim./day, in the same above sequence. The use of starea would be more adequate in relation to urea and cottonseed meal in diets with corn silage as forage for lambs.

  11. Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 nanoroasted rice beads with photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer activity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Selvamani, Muthamizh; Krishnamoorthy, Giribabu; Ramadoss, Manigandan; Sivakumar, Praveen Kumar; Settu, Munusamy; Ranganathan, Suresh; Vengidusamy, Narayanan

    2016-01-01

    Increasing resistance of pathogens and cancer cell line towards antibiotics and anticancer agents has caused serious health problems in the past decades. Due to these problems in recent years, researchers have tried to combine nanotechnology with material science to have intrinsic antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The metals and metal oxides were investigated with respect to their antimicrobial and anticancer effects towards bacteria and cancer cell line. In the present work metal@metal tungstate (Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 nanoroasted rice beads) is investigated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using Mueller-Hinton broth and the anticancer activity against B16F10 cell line was studied. Silver decorated silver tungstate (Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6) was synthesized by the microwave irradiation method using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB). Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 was characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. The phase and crystalline nature were analyzed by using XRD. The morphological analysis was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Further, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectral analysis were carried out in order to ascertain the presence of functional groups in Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6. The optical property was investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (DRS-UV–Vis) and the band gap was found to be 3.08 eV. Surface area of the synthesized Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 wasanalyzed by BET analysis and Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 was utilized for the degradation of organic dyes methylene blue and rhodamine B. The morphology of the Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 resembles roasted rice beads with breath and length in nm range. The oxidation state of tungsten (W) and silver (Ag) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). - Highlights: • Synthesis of Ag@Ag_8W_4O_1_6 nanoroasted rice beads using

  12. O ADULTÉRIO DE DAVI E BETSABÉIA: LEITURA FEMINISTA E TÉCNICA NARRATIVA EM 2SAMUEL 11

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Pessoa da Silva Pinto

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO: A leitura feminista da Bíblia faz parte da pluralidade de métodos e abordagens utilizadas no campo dos estudos bíblicos nas últimas décadas. Esse artigo estuda a relação entre interpretação feminista e outros métodos exegéticos por meio da comparação entre as leituras feministas da história de Davi e Betsa­béia em 2 Samuel 11 e outros estudos de Análise Narrativa. O estudo atento das técnicas narrativas usadas nesta excelente narrativa ajuda a evitar incompreensões por parte do intérprete mais concentrado em questões de gênero. A conclusão é que os princípios narrativos centrais na técnica usada pelo narrador desta história desautorizam interpretações mais radicais dos papéis de Davi e de Betsabéia no episódio do adultério.ABSTRACT: The feminist reading of the biblical texts is part of the plurality of methods and approaches used in biblical scholarship in recent decades. This ar­ticle studies the relationship between feminist interpretation and other exegetical methods by comparing the feminist readings of the David and Bathsheba story in 2Samuel 11 to other studies of Narrative Analysis. The careful study of the narrative techniques used in this fine narrative helps to prevent miscomprehen­sions from the interpreter more focused on questions of gender. The conclusion is that the core narrative principles worked by the narrator of this story disallows the more radical interpretations of David and Bathsheba’s roles in the episode of the adultery.

  13. Urea levels in multiple supplement for lambs grazing on buffelgrass = Teores de uréia no suplemento múltiplo de cordeiros mantidos em pastos de capim-búffel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Leal Teixeira de Oliveira

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available The objective of present trial was to evaluate the intake of supplement dry matter, productive performance, carcass traits, and weight and yields of commercial meat cuts of lambs grazing on dormant buffelgrass pastures and receiving multiple supplementation containing different urea levels. Urea levels used were: 5, 8, 11 and 14% on dry matter. Thirty-six male lambs were used, nine animals per treatment, with 18.0 �� 2.0 kg initial body weight, distributed into four groups. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine replications. Urea levels in supplement did not influence productive performance, cold and hot carcass weight and yield and commercial meat cuts weight and yield (leg, shoulder, rib and brisket. Use of multiple supplements containing 11 and 14% of urea levels for lambs in dormant grazing pastures during the dry season may increase bioeconomic performance of this activity, as they promoted lower supplement intake and similar productive performance.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o consumo de matéria seca de suplemento, o desempenho produtivo, os parâmetros de carcaça e os rendimentos de cortes cárneos comerciais de cordeiros mantidos em pastos diferidos de capim-búffel recebendo suplementos múltiplos com diferentes teores de uréia. Foram utilizados quatro teores de uréia, sendo 5, 8, 11 e 14% na matéria seca. Foram utilizados 36 cordeiros machos, nove animais por tratamento, com peso corporal inicial médio de 18,0 ± 2,0 kg, distribuídos em quatro grupos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com nove repetições. Os teores de uréia no concentrado não influenciaram os ganhos médios diários, os ganhos de peso totais, os pesos corporais finais, os pesos e os rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria e os pesos e rendimentos de cortes cárneos comerciais (pernil, paleta, costela e carré. O fornecimento de suplementos múltiplos contendo 11 e 14% deuréia para ovinos

  14. Methyl 2-Benzamido-2-(1<em>H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethoxyacetate

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    Alami Anouar

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available The heterocyclic carboxylic α-aminoester methyl 2-benzamido-2-(1<em>H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethoxyacetate is obtained by <em>O>-alkylation of methyl α-azido glycinate <em>N>-benzoylated with 1<em>H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethanol.

  15. Atualização em síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono na infância Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aracy P. S. Balbani

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available A prevalência de SAOS em crianças é de 0,7-3%, com pico de incidência nos pré-escolares. Fatores anatômicos (obstrução nasal severa, más-formações craniofaciais, hipertrofia do tecido linfático da faringe, anomalias laríngeas, etc. e funcionais (doenças neuromusculares predispõem à SAOS na infância. A principal causa da SAOS em crianças é a hipertrofia adenotonsilar. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns são: ronco noturno, pausas respiratórias, sono agitado e respiração bucal. A oximetria de pulso noturna, a gravação em áudio ou vídeo dos ruídos respiratórios noturnos e a polissonografia breve diurna são métodos úteis para triagem dos casos suspeitos de SAOS em crianças, e o padrão-ouro para diagnóstico é a polissonografia em laboratório de sono durante uma noite inteira. Ao contrário dos adultos com SAOS, as crianças costumam apresentar: menos despertares associados aos eventos de apnéia, maior número de apnéias/hipopnéias durante o sono REM e dessaturação mais acentuada da oxihemoglobina mesmo nas apnéias de curta duração. O tratamento da SAOS pode ser cirúrgico (adenotonsilectomia, correção de anomalias craniofaciais, traqueostomia ou clínico (higiene do sono, pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas - CPAP.The prevalence of OSAS in children is 0.7-3%, with peak incidence in pre-schoolers. It is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent hypoxia. Both anatomical (severe nasal obstruction, craniofacial anomalies, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, laryngeal anomalies, etc. and functional factors (neuromuscular diseases predispose to OSAS during childhood. The main cause of OSAS in children in adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The most common clinical manifestations of OSAS are: nocturnal snoring, respiratory pauses, restless sleep and mouth breathing. Nocturnal pulse oximetry, nocturnal noise audio/videotape recording and nap

  16. AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS E ESTABILIDADE DE GELÉIAS LIGHT DE MORANGO

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    R. C. ZAMBIAZI

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available

    As geléias são uma alternativa de aproveitamento de frutos, possibilitando sua utilização, maior oferta e qualidade na comercialização. O grau de alteração depende das condições do tratamento aos quais as frutas são submetidas . O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as características (físico-químicas e sensoriais e estabilidade de geléias light durante 120 dias de armazenamento. Neste trabalho foram elaboradas quatro formulações de geléias de morango, sendo uma convencional e três light. Nas formulações light o teor de sacarose foi reduzido em 35% em relação à formulação convencional, sendo que a doçura foi reposta pelo uso dos edulcorantes ciclamato e sacarina. Após o processamento e durante o armazenamento, nas condições ambientes, das geléias avaliou-se o conteúdo de umidade, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, açúcares nãoredutores, sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez e fluidez, além da avaliação sensorial de aceitabilidade e em relação aos atributos de textura, doçura, odor, sabor geral, sabor residual e sabor ácido. As geléias light apresentam uma boa opção para o aproveitamento do morango e inserção de novos produtos no mercado, por apresentarem características similares com o produto convencional e boa aceitação pelo consumidor, sendo que a melhor combinação de edulcorantes utilizada foi com edulcorante ciclamato, usado isoladamente ou em associação com a sacarina.

  17. Análise da Disciplina de Filas no Atendimento ao Cidadão em Agências da Previdência Social: um Estudo de Caso

    OpenAIRE

    Longaray, André Andrade; Santos, Anne Caroline dos; Munhoz, Paulo Roberto; Castelli, Tiago Machado

    2016-01-01

    O presente trabalho descreve um estudo sobre a disciplina de filas em uma Agência da Previdência Social (APS). Com o propósito de sugerir melhorias no atendimento que implicassem a redução dos tempos de espera e na otimização do fluxo do processo, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma das agências existentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados mediante técnica de observação estruturada e analisados estatisticamente. Como instrumento de intervenção, foram utilizadas as fe...

  18. Níveis de uréia em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de novilhos em pastagem de capim-braquiária durante o período de transição águas-seca Urea levels in multiple supplements for finishing beef cattle on palisade grass pasture during the rainy to dry transition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maykel Franklin Lima Sales

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos de suplementos múltiplos com diferentes níveis de uréia sobre o desempenho produtivo e os parâmetros nutricionais de bovinos em fase de terminação mantidos em pastagem diferida de capim-braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu no período de transição águas-seca. A disponibilidade estimada de matéria seca das pastagens variou de 16.360 a 9.358 kg/ha. Para avaliação do desempenho produtivo, utilizaram-se 20 novilhos mestiços não-castrados, com 20 meses de idade e 376 kg de peso vivo. Os animais foram agrupados em lotes com pesos semelhantes, segundo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em quatro piquetes de 1,5 ha, onde receberam 1,5 kg/dia de suplemento isoprotéico (20% de PB, constituído de grãos de milho e soja moídos, mistura mineral e uréia nos níveis 0,0; 1,6; 3,2 ou 4,8% na matéria natural. O ganho médio diário - valor médio foi de 0,570 kg/dia - não foi influenciado pelos níveis de uréia do suplemento. Os parâmetros nutricionais foram avaliados utilizando-se quatro animais mestiços Holandês × Zebu, não-castrados, com peso médio inicial de 320 kg, fistulados no esôfago, rúmen e abomaso. Os animais receberam as mesmas quantidades de suplemento fornecidas aos animais do experimento de desempenho. Os níveis de uréia não afetaram significativamente o pH e a concentração de amônia ruminal. Para obtenção de ganhos de 0,5 a 0,6 kg/dia, pode-se utilizar apenas milho, uréia e mistura mineral em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de bovinos em pasto diferido.The effects of multiple supplements with different urea levels on the productive performance and nutritional characteristics, for finishing beef cattle kept in deferred pasture of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in the transition period of rainy to dry season were evaluated. The estimated dry matter availability of the pasture ranged from 16,360 to 9,358 kg/ha. In the performance trial, 20

  19. Resposta do coqueiro à adubação com uréia, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio em dois solos do nordeste do Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    L. F. Sobral; M. L. S. Leal

    1999-01-01

    Foram realizados dois experimentos axiais no período de 1987 a 1992, visando estudar a resposta do coqueiro à adubação com uréia, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio em dois solos do nordeste do Brasil. Na Areia Quartzosa, houve resposta ao nitrogênio, para número de frutos. O nível crítico do nutriente na folha 14, de 17,18 g kg-1, foi atingido com a aplicação de 1,538 kg/plantaano-1 de N. No mesmo solo, o fósforo não influenciou a produção de frutos, enquanto o potássio a influenciou...

  20. A TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA AT REDSHIFT 1.55 IN HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE INFRARED OBSERVATIONS FROM CANDELS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodney, Steven A.; Riess, Adam G.; Jones, David O.; Dahlen, Tomas; Ferguson, Henry C.; Casertano, Stefano; Grogin, Norman A.; Strolger, Louis-Gregory; Hjorth, Jens; Frederiksen, Teddy F.; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Mobasher, Bahram; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Faber, S. M.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Garnavich, Peter; Hayden, Brian; Graur, Or; Jha, Saurabh W.

    2012-01-01

    We report the discovery of a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) at redshift z = 1.55 with the infrared detector of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3-IR) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This object was discovered in CANDELS imaging data of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and followed as part of the CANDELS+CLASH Supernova project, comprising the SN search components from those two HST multi-cycle treasury programs. This is the highest redshift SN Ia with direct spectroscopic evidence for classification. It is also the first SN Ia at z > 1 found and followed in the infrared, providing a full light curve in rest-frame optical bands. The classification and redshift are securely defined from a combination of multi-band and multi-epoch photometry of the SN, ground-based spectroscopy of the host galaxy, and WFC3-IR grism spectroscopy of both the SN and host. This object is the first of a projected sample at z > 1.5 that will be discovered by the CANDELS and CLASH programs. The full CANDELS+CLASH SN Ia sample will enable unique tests for evolutionary effects that could arise due to differences in SN Ia progenitor systems as a function of redshift. This high-z sample will also allow measurement of the SN Ia rate out to z ≈ 2, providing a complementary constraint on SN Ia progenitor models.

  1. Agency theory in a nonprofit organization Teoria de agência em uma organização sem fins lucrativos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivan Luiz Ecco

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to analyze, based on the agency theory, the existence of agency conflicts in management by results in a professional education nonprofit organization. For the program, the case study method was used in a nonprofit professional education organization, located in the state of Santa Catarina. The study examined the contract between the Headquarters of the Organization (which represents in this study, according to theory of agency, the principal and its School Units (representing, the agents to accomplish goals. The results show that the asymmetry of information and organizational culture are factors that contribute to the problem of agency and the determination of an optimal contract should take into consideration such situations. The main conclusion is that agency problems are also present in nonprofit organizations, even when an instrument for the management by results is implemented.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, à luz da teoria da agência, a existência de conflitos de agência, em uma gestão por resultados, de uma organização educacional sem fins lucrativos. Para sua realização utilizou-se o método de estudo de caso em uma organização de educação profissional sem fins lucrativos, situada no Estado de Santa Catarina. O estudo analisou o contrato celebrado entre a Sede da Organização (que representa neste estudo, segundo a teoria da agência, o principal e suas Unidades Escolares (consideradas os agentes para o cumprimento de metas. Os resultados demonstram que a assimetria de informação e a cultura organizacional são fatores quecontribuem para que o problema de agência ocorra e a determinação de um contrato ótimo deveria levar em consideração tais situações. A principal conclusão é de que os problemas de agência também estão presentes nas organizações sem fins lucrativos, mesmo quando se implanta um instrumento para realizar a gestão por resultados.

  2. Dark Matter Ignition of Type Ia Supernovae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bramante, Joseph

    2015-10-02

    Recent studies of low redshift type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) indicate that half explode from less than Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, implying ignition must proceed from something besides the canonical criticality of Chandrasekhar mass SN Ia progenitors. We show that 1-100 PeV mass asymmetric dark matter, with imminently detectable nucleon scattering interactions, can accumulate to the point of self-gravitation in a white dwarf and collapse, shedding gravitational potential energy by scattering off nuclei, thereby heating the white dwarf and igniting the flame front that precedes SN Ia. We combine data on SN Ia masses with data on the ages of SN Ia-adjacent stars. This combination reveals a 2.8σ inverse correlation between SN Ia masses and ignition ages, which could result from increased capture of dark matter in 1.4 vs 1.1 solar mass white dwarfs. Future studies of SN Ia in galactic centers will provide additional tests of dark-matter-induced type Ia ignition. Remarkably, both bosonic and fermionic SN Ia-igniting dark matter also resolve the missing pulsar problem by forming black holes in ≳10  Myr old pulsars at the center of the Milky Way.

  3. Hidrólise da uréia em latossolos: efeito da concentração de uréia, temperatura, pH, armazenamento e tempo de incubação Urea hydrolysis in oxisols: effects of substrate concentration, temperature, pH, incubation time and storage conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Marcia Longo

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou estudar a velocidade de hidrólise da uréia em dois diferentes solos brasileiros (Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico onde foram realizados ensaios sobre o efeito do tempo e condições de armazenamento, concentração do substrato (uréia, temperatura, pH e tempo de incubação sobre a atividade da urease. As melhores condições de armazenamento foram em temperatura ambiente ou 5 ºC, após secagem ao ar, por um período de até 7 dias; para as condições estudadas, o melhor tempo de incubação foi de uma hora a 25-30 ºC, sem a utilização de tampão para acertar o pH, e a concentração de uréia suficiente foi de 3,30 g L-1, para o Latossolo Vermelho Aluminoférrico típico, e de 2,5 g L-1, para o Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico para obter a velocidade máxima da enzima.This study evaluated the kinetics of urease hydrolysis in two different Brazilian soils (Rhodic Oxisols: a typic alumino-ferric Red Latossol and a typic distrophic Red Latosol. The trials were carried out to study the effects of air drying, soil sampling, storage conditions and temperature, pH, time of incubation, and substrate concentration on the urease activity. Results showed that best conditions for soil sample storage after air-drying for a 7-day period were at room temperature or at a temperature of 5 ºC. For the studied conditions the best incubation time was one hour at 25-30 ºC, without pH buffering. The ideal urea concentration suggested for the detection of the maximum velocity was 3.3 g L-1 for the typic alumino-ferric Red Latossol and 2.5 g L-1 for the typic distrophic Red Latosol.

  4. Biochemical changes in pancytopenic and non pancytopenic dogs with ehrlichiosis/ Alterações bioquímicas em cães citopênicos e não citopênicos com ehrlichiose

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecília Braga Laposy

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available In order to study the biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs with Ehrlichia canis, blood samples from 57 animals were collected. Thirty-five healthy dogs were used as control group. Dosage of serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio (A:G, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT e alkaline phosphatase (AP were carried out. The comparison of mean in infected and control group as well as the distribution of frequencies were investigated in order to associate the disease to the findings. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, decreased A:G ratio, hyperglobulinemia, and uremia were associated to ehrlichiosis (p Com o objetivo de estudar os parâmetros bioquímicos associados às funções renal e hepática em cães naturalmente infectados por Ehrlichia canis e associá-los à ehrlichiose, foram colhidas 57 amostras de sangue, com realização de dosagem de proteína plasmática total, albumina, globulina, relação albumina/ globulina (A/G, uréia, creatinina, alanino aminotransferase (ALT e fosfatase alcalina (FA. Outros 35 cães em higidez foram utilizados como controle. Foram comparadas as médias dos animais infectados e controle, bem como a distribuição de freqüências, para associação dos resultados com a doença. Hipoproteinemia, hipoalbuminemia, redução da A/G, hiperglobulinemia e aumento de uréia estiveram associados à doença (p < 0,05. Foram comparados também os achados entre animais não pancitopênicos (NPan e em pancitopenia (Pan, verificando-se que no primeiro grupo, houve aumento de ALT, e nos animais pancitopênicos, a creatinina foi o principal indicador de ehrlichiose. No caso do perfil protéico, não houve diferença que pudesse servir como marcador da fase da enfermidade nos animais infectados.

  5. A estabilização heterodoxa no brasil: idéias e redes políticas

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    Pio Carlos

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo discute o papel das idéias e das "redes políticas" na explicação do conteúdo de políticas de estabilização no Brasil. As idéias heterodoxas dos economistas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ são apresentadas e comparadas ao conteúdo de dois programas de estabilização implementados no país: o Plano Cruzado (1986 e o Plano Real (desde 1993. Variáveis políticas são apontadas para explicar por que o segundo programa apresenta maior semelhança com as idéias originais dos economistas do que o primeiro, o que, segundo o autor, explica, em grande medida, seu maior êxito em reduzir a inflação.

  6. Chorea: clinical correlates of 119 cases Coréia: análise clínica de 119 casos

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    Maria Fernanda Mendes

    1996-09-01

    Full Text Available Chorea is a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormal involuntary arrhythmic movements, randomly distributed in time, affecting mainly the distal parts of the limbs. There are many diseases associated with chorea but the distribution of the etiologies vary too much in different parts of the world. We intended to study the etiologies of chorea in a Movement Disorders Unit of a university hospital-based outpatient clinic in Brazil. We studied the records of 119 patients with chorea based in the diagnostic criteria of the World Federation of Neurology. Sydenham's chorea (SC was the most frequent cause of chorea (51.3% of our sample. Other common causes were Huntington's chorea (18.5% and chorea post-stroke (9.2%. SC is not commonly seen in developed countries nowadays but is not rare in Brazil. SC patients generally have the clinical manifestation of it in the first 20 years of age and girls are more affected than boys and this feature was observed in our sample. Based on our own experience and in the review of the literature we propose an etiological classification of chorea.Coréia é uma síndrome caracterizada por movimentos involuntários arrítmicos, rápidos, abruptos, não repetitivos no tempo e com distribuição variável, preferentemente distal. O número de entidades clínicas reconhecidamente associadas a movimentos coréicos tem se tornado cada vez maior com o passar do tempo. Propusemo-nos estudar a frequência e algumas características epidemiológicas das coréias atendidas em um ambulatório especializado em distúrbios do movimento. Foram estudados os prontuários de 119 pacientes com o diagnóstico sindrômico de coréia. O predomínio absoluto foi de coréia de Sydenham (CS com 51,3% do total da amostra. Outras causas frequentes foram doença de Huntington (DH presente em 18,5% e a coréia secundária a doença cerebrovascular em 9,2% dos pacientes. O sexo feminino predominou em todas as faixas etárias, mas principalmente

  7. Terapêutica hormonal na coréia de Sydenham

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Geraldo Albernaz

    1957-09-01

    Full Text Available Cinco casos de coréia de Sydenham foram submetidos à terapêutica hormonal com Cortisona, Prednisona e Prednisolona; o fenobarbital e a clorpromazina foram utilizados como medicação sintomática e a Penicilina-Benzatina como profilática. Depois de analisadas as referências bibliográficas, comparados os resultados de ν;rios autores, e ajuizados os resultados obtidos em nossos casos, acreditamos poder concluir que: 1 a terapêutica hormonal da coréia de Sydenham, com o uso de ACTH, Cortisona, Prednisona ou Pred-nisclona apresenta resultados satisfatórios; 2 a Prednisona e a Prednisolona são os hormônios mais úteis no tratamento da coréia de Sydenham, sendo possível que sua associação aos salicilatos permita obter resultados ainda melhores; 3 o tratamento deve prolongar-se até o completo desaparecimento dos sintomas, as doses variando de acôrdo com a gravidade e a evolução da moléstia; 4 a terapêutica hormonal deve ser usada sem prejuízo de medicação sintomática (sedativa e profilática (antibiótica.

  8. Alloy formation during the electrochemical growth of a Ag-Cd ultrathin film on Au(1 1 1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barrio, M.C. del; Garcia, S.G.; Salinas, D.R.

    2009-01-01

    The electrodeposition of a Ag/Cd ultrathin film on a Au(1 1 1) surface and the formation of a surface alloy during this process have been studied using classical electrochemical techniques and in situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). The films were obtained from separate electrolytes containing Ag + or Cd 2+ ions and from a multicomponent solution containing both ions. First, the polarization conditions were adjusted in order to form a Ag film by overpotential deposition. Afterwards, a Cd monolayer was formed onto this Au(1 1 1)/Ag modified surface by underpotential deposition. The voltammetric behavior of the Cd UPD and the in situ STM images indicated that the ultrathin Ag films were uniformly deposited and epitaxially oriented with respect to the Au(1 1 1) surface. Long time polarization experiments showed that a significant Ag-Cd surface alloying accompanied the formation of the Cd monolayer on the Au(1 1 1)/Ag modified surface, independent of the Ag film thickness. In the case of an extremely thin Ag layer (1 Ag ML) the STM images and long time polarization experiments revealed a solid state diffusion process of Cd, Ag, and Au atoms which can be responsible for the formation of different Ag-Cd or Au-Ag-Cd alloy phases.

  9. Design de jóias: desafios contemporâneos

    OpenAIRE

    Llaberia, Engracia Maria Loureiro da Costa

    2009-01-01

    Este estudo trata do Design de Jóias Contemporâneo e os desafios em relação à demanda do mercado de trabalho por profissionais habilitados a desenvolver produtos que sejam resultados de pesquisa de usuário, das tendências de comportamentos e do conhecimento da produção industrial e artesanal. Um profissional de design que atue com procedimentos de projetos e seus processos, através da metodologia de desenvolvimento do produto em suas várias etapas. Dessa forma, procura-se aqui delinear parâme...

  10. Níveis de bagaço de cana e uréia como substituto ao farelo de soja em dietas para bovinos leiteiros em crescimento Sugar cane bagasse and urea as replacement of soybean meal in the growing dairy cattle diets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Brandão Torres

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de bagaço e uréia como substituto ao farelo de soja em dietas para bovinos leiteiros em crescimento, dois experimentos foram realizados. No primeiro, 20 bezerros mestiços Holandês x Zebu foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os animais receberam dietas à base de palma forrageira e bagaço de cana em níveis de 5,5; 14,4; 24,4 e 34% da matéria seca total. O ganho de peso diminuiu, enquanto a conversão alimentar, e os consumos de FDN e FDA aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão de bagaço. O consumo máximo de MS foi estimado em 2,73% do peso vivo com 30% de bagaço de cana. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a substituição do farelo de soja (FS por uréia mais milho moído (UM, em dietas à base de palma forrageira, sobre o desempenho de novilhas mestiças Holandês x Zebu. Vinte animais foram alimentados de acordo com os níveis de substituição do FS por UM (0, 20, 40 e 60% distribuídos em blocos ao acaso. Não houve efeito da substituição parcial do farelo de soja por milho e uréia sobre o desempenho de novilhas mestiças.In order to evaluate different levels of sugar cane bagasse and urea as replacement of soybean meal in growing dairy cattle diets, two trials were conducted. In the first, twenty crossbreed bull calves (Holstein x Zebu were allotted in a completely randomized design with four treatments. The animals were fed forage cactus based diets, containing levels of 5.5, 14.4, 24.4 and 34% of sugar cane bagasse on the dry matter basis. The liveweight gain decreased while the feed: gain ratio, FDN and FDA intakes increased linearly in function of the increased level of sugar cane bagasse. The maximum daily dry matter intake of 2.73% of LW was estimated with 30% of sugar cane bagasse in the diet. In the second, was evaluated the partial replacement of soybean meal (SM by urea plus corn cracked (UC in forage cactus based diets on the

  11. Modelagem do vento e da fotosfera de AG Carinae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Groh, J. H.; Damineli, A.

    2003-08-01

    A trajetória evolutiva das estrelas de alta massa depende fortemente de suas taxas de perda de massa. Apesar do rápido progresso no estudo destas estrelas, a taxa de perda de massa e outros parâmetros físicos básicos, como a temperatura superficial e a velocidade terminal do vento ainda não estão bem determinados. Isto ocorre devido à presença de ventos irregulares, rápidos e fortes ao redor destas estrelas, tornando a interpretação dos seus espectros uma tarefa difícil. Assim, a modelagem do vento e da fotosfera dessas estrelas está sendo cada vez mais usada para obter tais parâmetros a partir dos espectros. O aumento da taxa de perda de massa durante a fase LBV (Variáveis Luminosas Azuis), comparado com outros tipos de estrelas, tem sido atribuído a instabilidades do tipo S Doradus. Dispomos de uma base de dados espectroscópicos cobrindo 22 anos de observações de AG Carinae, incluindo um ciclo S Doradus completo, com espectros CCD em alta resolução na faixa óptica e infravermelha. Utilizamos o programa desenvolvido por Schmutz (1997) para uma análise preliminar desse ciclo, obtendo a taxa de perda de massa a partir da linha do Ha. Não existe uma correlação clara da taxa de perda de massa com mudanças da temperatura efetiva, do raio da estrela e do fluxo na banda V. A estrela atingiu seu mínimo fotométrico (raio mínimo) em 1990 e o máximo fotométrico (raio máximo) em 1995, enquanto que o fluxo máximo da linha do Ha ocorreu em 1996. Além disso a taxa de perda de massa não segue esse ciclo, contrariamente às idéias correntes. Para fazer um modelo mais realista estamos usando o programa CMFGEN (Hillier & Miller), que trata a fotosfera e o vento estelar de forma consistente, considerando a radiação fora do equilíbrio termodinâmico (NLTE) e com blanketting total de linhas. Simulamos o espectro de AG Carinae em duas épocas extremas do ciclo S Dor para testar os resultados obtidos com o modelo mais simplificado.

  12. Consideracões sobre a captura de peixes por um cerco fixo em Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil Observations on the catch of fish by a fixed fish-trap in Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Radasewsky

    1976-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the results of observations carried on during the period 1964-1967 on fish captured by a fixed fish-trap, located in the Lagoon of Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil. The local catch consisted mainly on two species: "carapeba" (Diapterus rhombeus and "taínha" (Mugil cephalus . Nine out of the 32 species captured in 1967 were studied in detail. Specimens of sexually matured "taínha" were present in a well defined period, from April to August, so that one may assume the possibility of spawning at that time. This period agrees with the minimum water temperature and local commercial fishing trap operations. The size of first sexual maturation was observed in six different species, respectively for male and female, "carapeba", 13 and 12 cm; "taínha", 33 and 38 cm; "parati" (Mugil curema, 28 and 30 em; "paru" (Pomocanthus arcuatus , 11 and 13 em; "robalo" (Centropomus paralellus , 24 and 16 em; and 18 em for female of "sargo-de-dentes" (Archosargus aries. This kind of fishing was influenced by meteorological and hydrographic conditions, mainly by water temperature and salinity.

  13. First-principles study of Sb adsorption on Ag(1 1 0)(2 x 2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nie, J.L.; Xiao, H.Y.; Zu, X.T.; Gao Fei

    2006-01-01

    The adsorption of antimony atom on the Ag(1 1 0) surface has been studied within the density functional theory framework. It was turned out that Sb-Ag surface alloy was formed in which Sb atoms substitute Ag atom in the outermost layer and subsurface site absorption was not preferred, suggesting that Sb is well segregated to the surface. Geometric analysis showed that rumpling between substitutional Sb and Ag in the alloy surface is negligible. These results are found to agree well with the experimental finding of Nascimento et al. [Surf. Sci. 572 (2004) 337]. In addition, investigation of the diffusion of Ag atom on bare and Sb-covered Ag(1 1 0) surface showed that Ag adatoms will jump along the so call in-channel direction and Sb substitution has little effect on the diffusion of Ag adatoms on Ag(1 1 0) surface. Such diffusion behavior was found to be different from that of Ag adatoms on Ag(1 1 1) surface, where the diffusion energy barrier was reported to be significantly increased upon Sb substitution [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1993) 2437

  14. The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scolnic, D. M.; Jones, D. O.; Rest, A.; Pan, Y. C.; Chornock, R.; Foley, R. J.; Huber, M. E.; Kessler, R.; Narayan, G.; Riess, A. G.; Rodney, S.; Berger, E.; Brout, D. J.; Challis, P. J.; Drout, M.; Finkbeiner, D.; Lunnan, R.; Kirshner, R. P.; Sanders, N. E.; Schlafly, E.; Smartt, S.; Stubbs, C. W.; Tonry, J.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Foley, M.; Hand, J.; Johnson, E.; Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Draper, P. W.; Hodapp, K. W.; Kaiser, N.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Magnier, E. A.; Metcalfe, N.; Bresolin, F.; Gall, E.; Kotak, R.; McCrum, M.; Smith, K. W.

    2018-06-01

    We present optical light curves, redshifts, and classifications for 365 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey. We detail improvements to the PS1 SN photometry, astrometry, and calibration that reduce the systematic uncertainties in the PS1 SN Ia distances. We combine the subset of 279 PS1 SNe Ia (0.03 Ia from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), SNLS, and various low-z and Hubble Space Telescope samples to form the largest combined sample of SNe Ia, consisting of a total of 1048 SNe Ia in the range of 0.01 Ia to measure dark energy.

  15. Perdas de nitrogênio por volatilização de amônia com aplicação de uréia em solo de várzea com diferentes níveis de umidade Nitrogen loss by ammonia volatilization with urea application in wetland soil with different soil water status

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Mendoza Duarte

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available A primeira adubação nitrogenada em cobertura para o arroz irrigado por alagamento pode ser realizada em solo seco ou em lâmina de água, afetando a taxa de volatilização de amônia e, conseqüentemente, a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia com a aplicação de uréia em solo de várzea com diferentes níveis de umidade. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se vasos contendo 5kg de um Planossolo Hidromórfico que recebeu os tratamentos: N0 - testemunha sem aplicação de uréia (solo úmido; USSE - aplicação de uréia em solo seco; USUM - aplicação de uréia em solo úmido; USSA - aplicação de uréia em solo saturado; e USLA - aplicação de uréia em solo com lâmina de água. As avaliações das perdas de amônia foram realizadas com coletores tipo semi-aberto estático após 10, 24, 34, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192 e 264 horas da aplicação de uréia. Ao final das 264 horas de avaliação, as perdas de amônia foram equivalentes para os tratamentos com aplicação em solo úmido, saturado ou sob lâmina de água, sendo os maiores picos de emissão de amônia entre 34 e 48 horas para o solo úmido e o saturado e 72 horas para a lâmina de água. A aplicação de N-uréia sobre a lâmina de água não evitou as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia.The first topdressing nitrogen (N application to flooded rice can be done on dry soil or soil after ponding water, affecting ammonia volatilization rate and, consequently, nitrogen fertilization efficiency. This study was aimed at quantifing N losses by ammonia volatilization after urea application in a wetland soil with different soil water status. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using 5kg pots with a Albaqualf with following treatments: N0 - control without urea application (wet soil; USSE - urea application on dry soil; USUM - urea application on wet soil; USSA

  16. A Chemical, High-Temperature Way to Ag1.9Te via Quasi-Topotactic Reaction of Stuetzite-type Ag1.54Te: Structural and Thermoelectric Properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baumer, Franziska; Nilges, Tom

    2017-11-20

    Semiconducting silver tellurides gained reasonable interest in the past years due to its thermoelectric, magneto-caloric, and nonlinear optic properties. Nanostructuring has been frequently used to address quantum-confinement effects of minerals and synthetic compounds in the Ag-Te system. Here, we report on the structural, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of stuetzite-like Ag 1.54 Te (or Ag 4.63 Te 3 ) and Ag 1.9 Te. By a quasi-topotactic reaction upon tellurium evaporation Ag 1.54 Te can be transferred to Ag 1.9 Te after heat treatment. Crystal structures, thermal and thermoelectric properties of stuetzite-like Ag 1.54 Te (or Ag 4.63 Te 3 ) and Ag 1.9 Te were determined by ex situ and in situ experiments. This method represents an elegant chemical way to Ag 1.9 Te, which was so far only accessible electrochemically via electrochemical removal of silver from the mineral hessite (Ag 2 Te). The mixed conductors show reasonable high total electric conductivities, very low thermal conductivities, and large Seebeck coefficients, which result in a significant high thermoelectric figure of 0.57 at 680 K.

  17. Uréia em suplementos protéico-energéticos para bovinos de corte durante o período da seca: características nutricionais e ruminais Urea in protein-energy supplements for beef cattle during the dry season: nutritional and ruminal traits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de Moraes

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade, o pH e a concentração de amônia do líquido ruminal, a concentração de nitrogênio sérico e urinário e a síntese microbiana em novilhos recebendo suplemento durante o período da seca. Utilizaram-se quatro novilhos mestiços Zebu × Holandês, castrados, com peso médio inicial de 430 kg, fistulados no esôfago, rúmen e abomaso e distribuídos em quatro piquetes de Brachiaria decumbens, cada um com 0,40 ha. Cada animal recebeu 4,0 kg/dia de suplemento, constituído de milho moído, farelo de algodão, mistura mineral e uréia/sulfato de amônia em quatro níveis (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6% na matéria natural. Os consumos de matéria seca total, 2,0% (10,9 kg/dia, e de pasto, 2,3% (7,1 kg/dia, matéria orgânica, 2,2% (9,7 kg/dia, matéria orgânica do pasto, 2,3% (6,3 kg/dia, proteína bruta, 1,9% (1,3 kg/dia, extrato etéreo, 3,6% (0,4 kg/dia, fibra em detergente neutro, 1,9% (5,8 kg/dia, carboidratos totais, 2,3% (8,2 kg/dia, e carboidratos não-fibrosos, 2,9% (4,1 kg/dia, foram influenciados de forma quadrática pelos níveis de uréia nos suplementos. Apenas a digestibilidade total da matéria orgânica foi afetada, de forma linear positiva, pelos níveis de uréia no suplemento. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de uréia no suplemento sobre o pH ruminal, entretanto as concentrações de amônia aumentaram linearmente de acordo com os níveis de uréia, ocasionando aumento linear na excreção de nitrogênio sérico e urinário. A eficiência microbiana, em qualquer forma de expressão, não diferiu entre os níveis de uréia.Four Zebu × Holstein steers were fistulated in rumen, abomasums and esophagus, with 430 kg of live weight grazing in four paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens (.40 ha, feed supplements were used to evaluate intake, digestibility, pH and ammonia ruminal concentration, nitrogen in serum and urine and microbial yield. The animals received 4.0 kg/animal/day of

  18. IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements - A Closer Look

    OpenAIRE

    Muthupandian, K S

    2008-01-01

    The International Accounting Standards Committee issued the International Accounting Standard 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. The objective of IAS 1 is to prescribe the basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements (GPFS), to ensure comparability both with the entity's financial statements of previous periods and with the financial statements of other entities. The objective of GPFS is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance, and cas...

  19. The discovery of the most distant known type Ia supernova at redshift 1.914

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jones, Dennis; Rodney, S.A.; Riess, A.G.

    2013-01-01

    We present the discovery of a Type Ia supernova (SN) at redshift z = 1.914 from the CANDELS multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This SN was discovered in the infrared using the Wide-Field Camera 3, and it is the highest-redshift Type Ia SN yet observed. We classify t...

  20. Silver segregation in Ag/a-C nanocomposite coatings for potential application as antibacterial surfaces

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manninen, Noora Kristiina Alves de Sousa

    O desenvolvimento de superficies antibacterianas representa um desafio atual em diferentes aplicacoes industriais, nomeadamente, dispositivos medicos, embalagens alimentares, texteis e sistemas de tratamento de agua. A maioria das bacterias existe em biofilmes que aderem fortemente a diferentes tipos de superficies uma vez que esta adesao representa um mecanismo estrategico de sobrevivencia. O fenomeno da adesao e colonizacao microbiana resulta na falha de diferentes dispositivos e componentes utilizados nas aplicacoes acima mencionadas, tendo como consequencia perdas economicas elevadas e representando tambem um problema de saude publica quando se tratam de aplicacoes como dispositivos medicos ou embalagens alimentares. Neste sentido, ao longo das ultimas decadas o desenvolvimento de superficies antibacterianas tem sido considerada uma estrategia emergente no desenvolvimento de materiais mais eficientes a serem aplicados em diferentes sectores. O objetivo da presente tese consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterizacao de revestimentos nanocompositos multifuncionais baseados em revestimentos de carbono amorfo dopado com nanoparticulas de prata (Ag/a-C) para potencial aplicacao em superficies antibacterianas. A Ag e atualmente considerada como o agente bactericida mais promissor e eficiente, sendo que as nanoparticulas de prata representam o material mais comercializado na area da nanotecnologia. A estrategia de modificacao superficial com revestimentos baseados em carbono amorfo (a-C) tem-se tornado popular do ponto de vista industrial essencialmente, devido entre outras propriedades, a sua resistencia ao desgaste tribologico excecional, que permite combinar uma elevada dureza com um baixo coeficiente de atrito, elevada estabilidade quimica, resistencia a corrosao e biocompatibilidade em diferentes aplicacoes biomedicas. Na atualidade os revestimentos de a-C sao utilizados em diferentes aplicacoes industriais nomeadamente dispositivos medicos, laminas de barbear e

  1. Modulation of macrophage Ia expression by lipopolysaccharide: Stem cell requirements, accessory lymphocyte involvement, and IA-inducing factor production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wentworth, P.A.; Ziegler, H.K.

    1989-01-01

    The mechanism of induction of murine macrophage Ia expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 microgram of LPS resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in the number of IA-positive peritoneal macrophages (flow cytometry and immunofluorescence) and a 6-to 16-fold increase by radioimmunoassay. The isolated lipid A moiety of LPS was a potent inducer of macrophage Ia expression. Ia induction required a functional myelopoietic system as indicated by the finding that the response to LPS was eliminated in irradiated (900 rads) mice and reinstated by reconstitution with bone marrow cells. Comparison of LPS-induced Ia expression in normal and LPS-primed mice revealed a faster secondary response to LPS. The memory response could be adoptively transferred to normal mice with nonadherent spleen cells prepared 60 days after LPS injection. Spleen cells prepared 5 days after LPS injection caused Ia induction in LPS-nonresponder mice; such induction was not observed in irradiated (900 rads) recipients. The cell responsible for this phenomenon was identified as a Thy-1+, immunoglobulin-negative nonadherent cell. The biosynthesis and expression of Ia were not increased by direct exposure of macrophages to LPS in vitro. Small amounts of LPS inhibited Ia induction by gamma interferon. LPS showed positive regulatory effects on Ia expression by delaying the loss of Ia expression on cultured macrophages and by stimulating the production of Ia-inducing factors. Supernatants from cultured spleen cells stimulated with LPS in vitro contained antiviral and Ia-inducing activity that was acid labile, indicating that the active factor is gamma interferon. We conclude that induction of Ia expression by LPS in vivo is a bone-marrow-dependent, radiation-sensitive process which involves the stimulation of a gamma interferon-producing accessory lymphocyte and a delay in Ia turnover

  2. Palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton (Cynodon spp em dietas de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação. 1. Digestibilidade - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i2.638 Forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill and urea in replacement of tifton hay (Cynodon spp in lactating Holstein cows diet. 1. Digestibility - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v28i2.638

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Veras

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Foi avaliado o efeito de quatro níveis (0; 12,5; 25; 37,5; e 50% de palma forrageira e uréia em substituição ao feno de capim tifton, na ração de vacas da raça holandesa em lactação sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DAMS, da matéria orgânica (DAMO, da fibra em detergente neutro (DAFDN, da proteína bruta (DAPB, dos carboidratos totais (DACHOT e dos carboidratos não fibrosos (DACNF. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas, com peso médio de 480 kg e produção média de leite de 20 kg/dia, distribuídas em um quadrado latino 5x5. As DAMS, DAMO, DACHOT e DACNF aumentaram, a DAFDN diminuiu linearmente e a DAPB não foi influenciada com o aumento dos níveis de palma e uréia na dieta. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais de mantença, a energia digestível de lactação, energia metabolizável de lactação e energia líquida de lactação aumentaram à medida que eram incluídas palma e uréia na dieta.The effect of five levels forage cactus and urea (0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50% in replacement of tifton hay in lactating Holstein cows diets, on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM, organic matter (ADOM, neutral detergent fiber (ADNDF, crude protein (ADCP, total carbohydrates (ADTC and nonfiber carbohydrates (ADNFC were evaluated. Five Holstein cows weighing on average 480 kg and with an average milk yield of 20 kg of milk/day were used in a 5x5 Latin square design. The DM, OM, TC and NFC apparent digestibility increased while NDF apparent digestibility decreased linearly and the CP apparent digestibility was not affected by the inclusion of forage cactus and urea. The total digestible nutrients of maintenance, digestible energy of lactation, metabolizing energy of lactation and liquid energy of lactation increased as the forage cactus and urea levels increased.

  3. Aminoácidos livres e uréia durante a fermentação do mosto de Cabernet Sauvignon com diferentes leveduras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DUTRA Sandra Valduga

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available A análise de aminoácidos e uréia em mosto de Cabernet Sauvignon fermentado com diferentes leveduras, foram os principais objetivos desse trabalho. Cabernet Sauvignon foi utilizada por ser teoricamente uma cultivar com alto teor de prolina e baixo teor de arginina, em comparação com cultivares com alto teor e predominância de arginina. Os mostos foram coletados em Santana do Livramento, RS e transportados para a UFSM; lá foram dividos em dois lotes aos quais foram adicionados diferentes leveduras: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermol Bouquet e Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2056. A análise dos aminoácidos foi realizada utilizando um analizador de aminoácidos marca Hitachi L-8500 conforme SANDERS e OUGH (21. Uréia foi determinada de acordo com ALMY e OUGH (1 modificado por PEREIRA e DAUDT (19. O aminoácido encontrado no mosto, em maior quantidade foi a prolina (847mg/l seguido por arginina (235mg/l e alanina (87mg/l. A maioria dos aminoácidos (exceção de prolina foram consumidos pelas leveduras logo após o início da fermentação. A liberação máxima de uréia no meio coincidiu com o consumo máximo de arginina, que na fermentação com a levedura 2056 ocorreu à 19° Brix (2,7mg/l e com a levedura Fermol Bouquet ocorreu com o mosto a 15° Brix (4,1mg/l. O teor de prolina permaneceu elevado durante todo o processo fermentativo, confirmando a pouca preferência das leveduras por este aminoácido. Os aminoácidos arginina, treonina, serina, aspartato e isoleucina, podem ser considerados melhores fontes de nitrogênio para as leveduras.

  4. Cefaléia em pacientes com feocromocitoma: influência da hipertensão arterial Headache in patients with pheochromocytoma: influence of arterial hypertension

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ELCIO JULIATO PIOVESAN

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available A cefaléia no feocromocitoma é elemento diagnóstico importante, que pode caracterizar uma reação do organismo frente a oscilações hormonais patológicas. Após averiguação da hipertensão arterial e da cefaléia em 20 pacientes durante os períodos de descompensação do feocromocitoma, sugerimos que a hipertensão arterial isolada não é o único fator desencadeante dos fenômenos álgicos cranianos. A possibilidade das variações nas catecolaminas, adrenomedulina e outras substâncias neuroendócrinas deve ser melhor esclarecida para comprovar esta hipótese.Headache is an important diagnostic element in pheochromocytoma and it may characterize a body reaction to pathological hormonal oscillations. We observed the pheochromocytoma instability in 20 patients during arterial hypertension and tried to correlate with headache. We found that isolate hypertension is not the only factor in headache pathogenesis. It is possible that changes in catecholamines, adrenomedullin and other neuropeptides may cause some of these symptoms.

  5. The Influence of Cyst Emptying, Lymph Node Resection and Chemotherapy on Survival in Stage IA and IC1 Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rosendahl, Mikkel; Mosgaard, Berit Jul; Høgdall, Claus

    2016-01-01

    AIM: To determine if survival in stage I ovarian cancer is influenced by cyst emptying, lymph node resection and chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A survival analysis of 607 patients with ovarian cancer in stage IA, IA with cyst emptying (IAempty) and IC1 was performed. RESULTS......: There was no difference in five-year survival between IA (87%) and IC1 (87%) (p=0.899), between IA and IAempty (86%) (p=0.500) nor between IA+IAempty (87%) and IC1 without IAempty (84%) (p=0.527). Five-year survival rate (5YSR) was significantly higher after lymph node resection in stage IA (94% vs. 85%; p=0.01) and IA......+IC1 (93% vs. 85%; p=0.004). In multivariate analysis, lymph node resection improved prognosis significantly for all sub-stages, whereas stage and chemotherapy did not affect survival. CONCLUSION: In stage IA ovarian cancer, controlled cyst emptying without spill does not worsen prognosis. Lymph node...

  6. Recombinant Cry1Ia protein is highly toxic to cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martins, E S; Aguiar, R W D S; Martins, N F; Melatti, V M; Falcão, R; Gomes, A C M M; Ribeiro, B M; Monnerat, R G

    2008-05-01

    To evaluate the activity of cry1Ia gene against cotton pests, Spodoptera frugiperda and Anthonomus grandis. Had isolated and characterized a toxin gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis S1451 strain which have been previously shown to be toxic to S. frugiperda and A. grandis. The toxin gene (cry1Ia) was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and cloned into the genome of a baculovirus. The Cry1Ia protein was expressed in baculovirus infected insect cells, producing protein inclusions in infected cells. The Cry1Ia protein has used in bioassays against to S. frugiperda and A. grandis. Bioassays using the purified recombinant protein showed high toxicity to S. frugiperda and A. grandis larvae. Molecular modelling of the Cry1Ia protein translated from the DNA sequence obtained in this work, showed that this protein possibly posses a similar structure to the Cry3A protein. Ultrastructural analysis of midgut cells from A. grandis incubated with the Cry1Ia toxin, showed loss of microvilli integrity. The results indicate that the cry1Ia is a good candidate for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to these important cotton pests.

  7. Experimental and theoretical investigation on photocatalytic activities of 1D Ag/Ag2WO4 nanostructures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Danqing; Huang, Weicheng; Li, Long; Liu, Lu; Sun, Xiaojun; Liu, Bo; Yang, Bin; Guo, Chongshen

    2017-09-01

    Ag2WO4 is a significant photocatalyst that responds to UV light irradiation only, which greatly hinders it for further practical application for solar light. To address this problem, herein, 1D plasmonic Ag/Ag2WO4 photocatalysts have been fabricated by a successive process including hydrothermal synthesis to obtain Ag2WO4 followed by an additional in situ chemical-reduction process for Ag decoration. Then, the structural features, optical properties, and electronic structures of Ag2WO4 and Ag/Ag2WO4 nanowires were systematically investigated via a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental evidence. The plasmon-enhanced Ag/Ag2WO4 nanowires exhibited higher visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity, which performed a desired photodestruction ratio of 91.2% on methylene blue within 60 min and good stability in five cycles. The Ag decoration greatly facilitates visible-light harvesting and thus promotes photogenerated radical oxidation to dye, which is evidenced by the higher hydroxyl radical level of Ag/Ag2WO4 detected in the ESR test during the photocatalytic process. The theoretical calculation based on density functional theory indicates that Ag nanoparticles formed on the surface of Ag2WO4 could narrow the band gap of Ag2WO4. In addition, the surface plasmon resonance absorption effect and fast charge transfer effect in the metal-semiconductor system contribute to the photocatalytic performance of Ag/Ag2WO4.

  8. 细粒棘球绦虫AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组嵌合抗原表达系统的构建%Establishment of Echinococcus granulosus AgB8/1-AgB8/2 chimeric recombinant protein expression system

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    古力帕丽·麦曼提依明; 马海梅; 吾拉木·马木提; 陈洁; 陈璐; 丁剑冰; 马秀敏; 温浩

    2011-01-01

    目的 构建pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2原核表达载体,并对其重组蛋白进行原核细胞表达.方法 从细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴中提取总RNA,反转录生成cDNA,以此cDNA为模板,用基因特异性引物分别扩增EgAgB8/1和EgAgB8/2基因编码其分泌型多肽的片段,经测序后,以此两条基因片段为依据,人工合成EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列,将其克隆至pUCm-T载体,测序鉴定其正确性.通过对pUCm-T/AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组质粒进行双酶切,将获得的AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列用定向克隆技术克隆至原核表达质粒pET32a上,测序鉴定插入片段正确后,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)Lys S,IPTG初步诱导表达pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2重组嵌合蛋白.用SDS-PAGE电泳分析鉴定重组蛋白的表达水平.结果 测序表明,AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合抗原编码核酸序列正方向插入至pET32a质粒.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,IPTG诱导后重组嵌合蛋白得到成功表达,在相对分子量约38 kD处有表达条带.结论 成功构建了pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2原核表达质粒,并初步诱导表达出AgB8/1-AgB8/2嵌合重组蛋白,为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.%In order to construct the pET32a-AgB8/1-AgB8/2 chimeric antigen prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid and the expression of its recombinant protein, the total RNA was extracted from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus,and reverse transcribed into cDNA, the cDNA encoding mature form of EgAgB8/land EgAgB8/2 antigen were amplified by PCR using gene specific primers.Based on the both gene fragments, a nucleotide sequence encoding EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2 chimeric antigen were artificially synthesized after sequence confirmation.The synthesized nucleotide sequence encoding EgAgB8/1-EgAgB8/2 chimeric antigen were conformed by sequencing after cloning into pUCm-T vector, then the target sequence was directionally ligated into pET32a plasmid after double digestion with restriction enzymes for prokaryotic

  9. Bioengineered human IAS reconstructs with functional and molecular properties similar to intact IAS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Jagmohan

    2012-01-01

    Because of its critical importance in rectoanal incontinence, we determined the feasibility to reconstruct internal anal sphincter (IAS) from human IAS smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with functional and molecular attributes similar to the intact sphincter. The reconstructs were developed using SMCs from the circular smooth muscle layer of the human IAS, grown in smooth muscle differentiation media under sterile conditions in Sylgard-coated tissue culture plates with central Sylgard posts. The basal tone in the reconstructs and its changes were recorded following 0 Ca2+, KCl, bethanechol, isoproterenol, protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and Rho kinase (ROCK) and PKC inhibitors Y-27632 and Gö-6850, respectively. Western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunocytochemical (IC) analyses were also performed. The reconstructs developed spontaneous tone (0.68 ± 0.26 mN). Bethanechol (a muscarinic agonist) and K+ depolarization produced contraction, whereas isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) and Y-27632 produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the tone. Maximal decrease in basal tone with Y-27632 and Gö-6850 (each 10−5 M) was 80.45 ± 3.29 and 17.76 ± 3.50%, respectively. WB data with the IAS constructs′ SMCs revealed higher levels of RhoA/ROCK, protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitor or inhibitory phosphoprotein for myosin phosphatase (CPI-17), phospho-CPI-17, MYPT1, and 20-kDa myosin light chain vs. rectal smooth muscle. WB, IF, and IC studies of original SMCs and redispersed from the reconstructs for the relative distribution of different signal transduction proteins confirmed the feasibility of reconstruction of IAS with functional properties similar to intact IAS and demonstrated the development of myogenic tone with critical dependence on RhoA/ROCK. We conclude that it is feasible to bioengineer IAS constructs using human IAS SMCs that behave like intact IAS. PMID:22790596

  10. Substituição do farelo de soja pela mistura raspa de mandioca e uréia em dietas para vacas mestiças em lactação Replacement of soybean meal with urea plus cassava scrapings in diets for crossbred lactating cows

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Pimentel Ramalho

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da substituição do farelo de soja pela mistura raspa de mandioca+uréia sobre o desempenho, o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em dietas à base de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill e silagem de sorgo, oito vacas mestiças Holandês:Gir (60±30 dias em lactação e 491 kg de PV inicial foram distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (4 × 4. A mistura raspa de mandioca+uréia substituiu 0, 33, 67 e 100% do farelo de soja nas dietas. Os consumos de matéria seca (expressos em kg/dia, % do PV, g/kg0,75 do PV, MO, PB, EE, FDN e CHOT diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão da raspa de mandioca. As ingestões de FDN (%PV, FDA, CNF e NDT não foram afetadas pelos níveis de raspa de mandioca+uréia nas dietas. A inclusão de raspa de mandioca+uréia influenciou a digestibilidade aparente de todos os nutrientes, sendo descrita por função quadrática. A produção de leite, a produção de leite corrigida para 4,0% de gordura e a produção de gordura diminuíram linearmente em 30, 20 e 0,8 g/dia, respectivamente, enquanto o teor de gordura e a eficiência alimentar, em kg de leite corrigido para 4,0% de gordura/kg de MS, não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de substituição do farelo de soja na dieta.This trial was conducted to investigate the replacement of soybean meal with a mixture of urea plus cassava scrapings on nutrient intake, digestibility, and production of crossbred lactating cows fed diets containing forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill, sorghum silage, and concentrate. Eight crossbred holstein:zebu cows averaging 60±30 days in milk and initial body weight (BW of 491 kg were randomly assigned to two replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares and were fed diets with increasing levels of urea plus cassava scrapings: 0, 33, 67 or 100%. Replacing soybean meal with urea plus cassava scrapings linearly decreased the intakes of DM (kg, % BW and g/BW kg0.75, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and TC. However

  11. Acoustic analysis of prosody in Sydenham's chorea Análise acústica da prosódia em coréia de Sydenham

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia M Oliveira

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available There are few studies of language and speech in patients with Sydenham's chorea (SC. We have done an acoustic analysis of fundamental frequency (F0, duration and intensity of declarative and interrogative sentences made by 20 SC patients, 20 patients with rheumatic fever (RF without chorea, and compared them with 20 healthy age-matched controls (CO. Each group included 12 females. We found that there is no difference between the RF and CO groups in all studied parameters. Patients with SC, however, presented with a speech characterized by decreased F0 range (difference between minimum and maximum F0, shorter duration of sentences, and higher intensity of the first syllable of sentences. The findings were not influenced by the nature of the sentences (i.e. , declarative or interrogative, but for all variables they were significantly more severe in males than females. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that patients with acute SC have an impairment of modulation of F0 and longer duration of emission of sentences, resulting in a monotone and slow speech. This pattern is similar to what has been described in other basal ganglia illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Wilson's disease.Há poucos estudos sobre linguagem e fala em pacientes com coréia de Sydenham (CS. Fizemos uma análise acústica da freqüência fundamental (F0, duração e intensidade de sentenças declarativas e interrogativas feitas por 20 pacientes com CS, 20 pacientes com febre reumática (FR sem coréia, comparando-os com 20 controles saudáveis e pareados por idade (CO. Cada grupo incluiu 12 mulheres. Foi encontrado que não há diferença entre os grupos FR e CO quanto a todos parâmetros estudados. Pacientes com CS, contudo, apresentaram-se com fala caracterizada pela redução da variação de F0 (diferença entre F0 mínima e máxima, duração mais curta das sentenças e maior intensidade da primeira sílaba das sentenças. Os achados não foram

  12. Memória histórica de Cananéia (XII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antônio Paulino de Almeida

    1968-03-01

    Pretendendo Nicolau Dreys, de nacionalidade francesa, obter do govêrno da Província, por Sesmaria, a ilha do Cardoso, e sendo consultada a Câmara de Cananéia, oficiou esta à de Paranaguá em data de 26 de novembro de 1828, prestando as nescessárias informações.

  13. GELÉIA LIGHT DE HIBISCO: CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E QUÍMICAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. M. NACHTIGALL

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available

    Foram elaboradas seis formulações de geléias de hibisco, sendo uma considerada a formulação controle (F1, onde se utilizou sacarose e glicose (8:2, p/p, e cinco formulações light, nas quais 30% do conteúdo total de açúcar foram substituídos pelos edulcorantes sucralose e acesulfame-K. Em uma das formulações (F2 utilizou-se o edulcorante sucralose; em outra (F3 o edulcorante acesulfame-k; e nas outras três formulações utillizou-se a associação desses edulcorantes (F4 – sucralose:acesulfamek, 1:1, p/p; F5 – sucralose:acesulfame-k, 1:3, p/p; e F6 – sucralose: acesulfame-k, 3:1, p/p. Para avaliar o efeito dos edulcorantes utilizados isoladamente e diferentes associações, bem como sua estabilidade durante o período de seis meses, foi determinado o teor de açúcares totais, redutores e não redutores, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez, proteína, extrato etéreo, fibras, cinzas, umidade, valor calórico e teste de fluidez com a amostra à temperatura ambiente. As análises foram realizadas logo após o processamento, aos dois, quatro e seis meses de armazenamento. Os edulcorantes sucralose e acesulfame-k isolados ou em combinações, não apresentaram uma influência marcante nas características físicas e químicas das geléias de hibisco, apenas influenciaram em uma pequena variação no valor do pH das geléias.

  14. Hospitalidade como fator competitivo em agências de viagens e turismo na cidade de Palmas/TO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geruza Aline Erig

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available A cidade de Palmas está localizada no centro do Estado do Tocantins e é a última cidade do século XX completamente planejada. Com apenas 26 anos de existência, a cidade tem mais de 240 mil habitantes e segue um plano diretor que privilegia as áreas verdes com espaços para o lazer. Palmas possui mais de vinte agências e operadoras de viagem receptivas e emissivas. No entanto, a questão é: como ter um diferencial para atrair o cliente e competir com as vendas de passagens e pacotes via internet? Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar como as agências de viagens e turismo de Palmas estão utilizando a hospitalidade como um diferencial fundamental para se manter no mercado e se sobressair frente à concorrência da internet. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em um estudo de campo, quantitativo não probabilístico, com aplicação de questionário e análise por estatística descritiva e análise textual com perguntas abertas. Foram pesquisadas sete agências de viagem e turismo, sendo estas, emissivas e receptivas. Como resultado observou-se que a hospitalidade é utilizada pelas agências de viagem e turismo, como vantagem competitiva fundamental trazendo mudanças e melhorias, inclusive para a gestão dessas empresas.

  15. Comportamento de cultivares de soja [Glycine max (L. Merrill] em resposta ao metribuzin aplicado em diferentes doses Response of soybean [Glycine max (L. Merrill] cultivars to rates of metribuzin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.A.R.O. Velloso

    1980-06-01

    Full Text Available Durante o ano agrícola de 1978/79, foi realizado um experimento a campo, na re gião da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de conhecer o comportamento das cultivares de soja BR1, Bragg, Davis, IAS4, IAS5, Paraná e Planalto em relação ao metribuzin aplicado em pré-emergência nas doses de 0, 490 e 980 g/ha. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram estimados através de avaliação visual de fitotoxicidade, contagem da população de plantas, determinações do peso seco da parte aérea e do número de grãos e obtenção do rendimento de grãos. Para a maioria das variáveis em estudo, constatou-se que ocorreram reduções proporcionais aos acréscimos das doses do herbicida. Os resultados da avaliação visual de fitotoxicidade mostraram que houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos de doses, tendo as cultivares Bragg e Davis demonstrado o menor efeito fito-tóxico, enquanto BR1 foi a que apresentou maior grau de injúria. Quanto ao rendimento de grãos alcançado pelas cultivares, foi constatado que Bragg comportou-se como altamente tolerante; BR1 e Davis como moderadamente tolerantes; IAS5 como intermediária e Paraná, Planalto e IAS4 como moderadamente suscetíveis.A field experiment was conducted during the 1978/79 growing season at the Central Depression Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to evaluate the response soybean cultivars BR1, Bragg, Davis, IAS4, IAS5, Paraná, and Planalto to metribuzin applied in pre-emergence at rates of 0, 490 and 980 g/ha. The effects of the treatments were evaluated through visual rating of phytotoxicity, counting of soybean population, and determinations of dry weight of soybean stems, number of grains per unit area and grain yield. For most of the variables measured there were reductions proportional to increasing rates of metribuzin appl ied. Results of visual evaluation of soybean injury showed statistical differences among rates of the herbicide, being Bragg and

  16. Efeitos de antimicrobianos e extratos vegetais sobre a microbiota intestinal e a freqüência de diarréia em leitões recém-desmamados Effects of antimicrobials and herbal extracts on intestinal microbiology and diarrhea incidence in weanling pigs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Lotufo Oetting

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Foram realizados três experimentos envolvendo 120 leitões (21 aos 56 dias de idade para avaliar os efeitos de antimicrobianos e extratos vegetais sobre a microbiota intestinal (experimento 1 e a freqüência de diarréia em leitões (experimentos 1, 2 e 3. Os animais foram distribuídos em pares (um macho castrado e uma fêmea em 20 baias (unidade experimental, em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, composto pelos tratamentos: controle - ração basal; antimicrobiano ração basal com bacitracina de zinco, olaquindox e colistina (50 ppm de cada; extrato vegetal A, B e C - ração basal com 700, 1.400 e 2.100 ppm de extrato vegetal, respectivamente. O extrato vegetal continha óleo essencial de cravo, tomilho, orégano, eugenol e carvacrol. Ao final do experimento 1, foi sacrificado um animal por unidade experimental e coletadas amostras do raspado do intestino delgado para a análise microbiológica. Não foram encontradas diferenças na análise microbiológica. A frequência de diarréia dos animais que receberam antimicrobianos foi inferior à observada nos tratamentos controle e com extratos vegetais no período de 1 a 35 dias de experimentação. Portanto, apesar de não terem sido detectadas diferenças na microbiota, os antimicrobianos foram efetivos no controle da diarréia.Two experiments with a total of 120 weanling pigs (21 to 56 d of age were conducted to evaluate the effects of antimicrobials and herbal extracts on intestinal microbiota (experiment 1 and on fecal score (experiments 1, 2 and 3. Pigs were allotted in pairs (pens with a barrow and a female to a randomized complete block design 12 replications of five treatments. Treatments consisted of: control - basal diet; antimicrobial - basal diet plus Zn bacitracin, olaquindox, and colistin (50 ppm of each; herbal extract A, B and C - basal diet plus 700 ppm, 1,400 ppm and 2,100 ppm of herbal extract, respectively. The herbal extract consisted of a mixture of

  17. Aplicação de AG3 e CPPU na qualidade da uva 'Itália' em Porto Feliz-SP GA3 and CPPU application on 'Itália' grapes grown in Porto Feliz-SP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Rodrigues

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available A videira 'Itália' (Vitis vinifera L. é a cultivar de uva fina para mesa mais consumida no Brasil. A qualidade dos cachos é uma característica fundamental, sendo o tamanho das bagas o componente mais valorizado pelos consumidores. Uma das alternativas para incrementar a qualidade das bagas é o uso de biorreguladores. Avaliaram-se, em três ciclos de produção, os efeitos de doses de ácido giberélico (AG3 isolado e associado com forchlorfenuron (CPPU, na qualidade dos cachos de uva Itália produzida em Porto Feliz-SP. A aplicação dos biorreguladores foi realizada aos 25 dias após o florescimento, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4X4 (zero, 10; 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 5; 10 e 15 mg L-1 CPPU, com oito repetições para o primeiro ciclo, e fatorial 3X3 (zero, 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 10 e 20 mg L-1 CPPU com dez repetições para o segundo e terceiro ciclos. A mistura de 20 mg L-1 de AG3 com 10 mg L-1 de CPPU promoveu o incremento do comprimento e do diâmetro das bagas sem prejuízo da massa dos cachos, melhorando sua qualidade, em Porto Feliz-SP. O uso de CPPU isoladamente acarretou em redução do teor de sólidos solúveis das bagas.'Itália' grape (Vitis vinifera L. is one of the main varieties for fresh market in Brazil. Cluster quality is determinant for commercialization and the berry size is highly valued by consumers. An alternative for improving berry size is the use of growth regulators. The effect of increasing concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3 and forchlorfenuron (CPPU applied alone or in mixtures was evaluated during three production cycles. Growth regulators were applied 25 days after flowering in the "pea berry size" phenologic stage. Experimental design was completely randomized 4x4 factorial (zero, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 GA3 X zero, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1 CPPU with eight replications for the first cycle, and 3X3 factorial (zero, 20 and 30 mg L-1 GA3 X zero, 10 and 20 mg L-1 CPPU

  18. Amenorréia primária e cariótipo XY: identificando pacientes em risco Primary amenorrhea and XY karyotype: identifying patients in risk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência e as características clínicas de pacientes com amenorréia primária e cariótipo XY avaliadas em nosso Serviço com o intuito de identificar achados que possam auxiliar em seu reconhecimento. MÉTODOS: no período de Janeiro de 1975 a Novembro de 2007, foram avaliadas 104 pacientes com amenorréia primária. Para todos os casos foi realizada a análise pelo cariótipo por bandas GTG. Destas, 21 (20,2% apresentavam uma constituição 46,XY. Contudo, duas foram excluídas do estudo por terem prontuários incompletos. Das 19 pacientes que compuseram a amostra, a maior parte veio encaminhada pela ginecologia (63,2%. Suas idades variaram entre 16 e 41 anos (média de 22,1 anos. Realizou-se uma coleta de dados sobre sua história familiar e pregressa, exame físico e resultados de exames complementares. Para determinação dos seus diagnósticos levaram-se em consideração essas informações. RESULTADOS: a síndrome de resistência aos androgênios foi o diagnóstico predominante (n=12; 63,2%. Cinco pacientes (26,3% apresentavam disgenesia gonadal pura XY (DGP XY, uma (5,3% deficiência de 17-alfa hidroxilase e uma (5,3% deficiência de 5-alfa redutase. Achados clínicos freqüentemente observados nessas pacientes incluíram desenvolvimento anormal dos caracteres sexuais secundários (n=19, agenesia uterina com vagina em fundo de saco (n=14, história familiar de amenorréia (n=8 e gônadas palpáveis no canal inguinal (n=5. Duas delas apresentavam história de hérnia inguinal. Hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi diagnosticada somente na paciente com deficiência de 17-alfa hidroxilase, e malignização gonadal, naquela com DGP XY. CONCLUSÕES: a freqüência de pacientes com cariótipo XY (20% foi superior à usualmente descrita na literatura (3 a 11%. Acreditamos que isso tenha relação com a forma de encaminhamento das pacientes ao Serviço. Certos achados da história clínica e do exame físico deveriam

  19. Vibrational properties of epitaxial silicene layers on (1 1 1) Ag

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scalise, E.; Cinquanta, E.; Houssa, M.; Broek, B. van den; Chiappe, D.; Grazianetti, C.; Pourtois, G.; Ealet, B.; Molle, A.; Fanciulli, M.; Afanas’ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.

    2014-01-01

    The electronic and vibrational properties of three different reconstructions of silicene on Ag(1 1 1) are calculated and compared to experimental results. The 2D epitaxial silicon layers, namely the (4 × 4), (√13 × √13) and (2√3 × 2√3) phases, exhibit different electronic and vibrational properties. Few peaks in the experimental Raman spectrum are identified and attributed to the vibrational modes of the silicene layers. The position and behavior of the Raman peaks with respect to the excitation energy are shown to be a fundamental tool to investigate and discern different phases of silicene on Ag(1 1 1).

  20. Vibrational properties of epitaxial silicene layers on (1 1 1) Ag

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Scalise, E., E-mail: emilio.scalise@fys.kuleuven.be [Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Cinquanta, E. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Houssa, M.; Broek, B. van den [Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Chiappe, D. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Grazianetti, C. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Aix-Marseille University, CNRS-CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 (France); Pourtois, G. [IMEC, 75 Kapeldreef, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Department of Chemistry, Plasmant Research Group, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp (Belgium); Ealet, B. [Aix-Marseille University, CNRS-CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 (France); Molle, A. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Fanciulli, M. [Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, via C. Olivetti 2, I-20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) (Italy); Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 53, I-20126 Milano (MI) (Italy); Afanas’ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A. [Semiconductor Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

    2014-02-01

    The electronic and vibrational properties of three different reconstructions of silicene on Ag(1 1 1) are calculated and compared to experimental results. The 2D epitaxial silicon layers, namely the (4 × 4), (√13 × √13) and (2√3 × 2√3) phases, exhibit different electronic and vibrational properties. Few peaks in the experimental Raman spectrum are identified and attributed to the vibrational modes of the silicene layers. The position and behavior of the Raman peaks with respect to the excitation energy are shown to be a fundamental tool to investigate and discern different phases of silicene on Ag(1 1 1).

  1. Diarréia em bezerros da raça Nelore criados extensivamente: estudo clínico e etiológico Diarrhea in Nelore calves: Clinical and etiologic study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José P. Oliveira Filho

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available A diarréia é considerada uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade de bezerros neonatos. Foram colhidas 100 amostras fecais diarréicas e 30 amostras não diarréicas (grupo controle, de bezerros Nelore com até nove semanas de idade com o objetivo de detectar os enteropatógenos Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, rotavírus, coronavírus, Cryptosporidium spp. e ovos de helmintos. Enteropatógenos foram detectados em 79,0% das amostras diarréicas e em 70,0% das amostras não-diarréicas. No grupo de bezerros com diarréia, E. coli (69,0% foi o agente mais freqüentemente isolado, seguido de Cryptosporidium spp. (30,0%, coronavírus (16,0% e rotavírus (11,0%. No grupo controle, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp. e coronavírus foram detectados, respectivamente, em 66,7%, 10,0% e 3,3% das amostras. Salmonella spp. e ovos de estrongilídeos não foram encontrados nos dois grupos avaliados. A fímbria K99 foi identificada exclusivamente nas linhagens de E. coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia (5,8%. Entre os antimicrobianos avaliados "in vitro" a enrofloxacina, a norfloxacina e a gentamicina foram os mais efetivos. O peso dos bezerros aos 210 dias de idade não apresentou diferença significativa entre os animais com e sem diarréia.Diarrhea is considered as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates calves. Fecal samples from 100 diarrheic and 30 non-diarrheic (control group Nelore calves less than 9 weeks old were collected for Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., and for helminth eggs investigation. Enteropathogens were detected in 79.0% diarrheic samples and 70.0% non-diarrheic samples. Among diarrheic calves, Escherichia coli (69.0% was the most common agent found, following by Cryptosporidium spp. (30.0%, coronavirus (16.0%, and rotavirus (11.0%. In the control group, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp. and coronavirus were detected in 66.7%, 10.0% and 3.3% of the samples

  2. A COMPREHENSIVE PROGENITOR MODEL FOR SNe Ia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meng, X.; Yang, W.

    2010-01-01

    Although the nature of the progenitor of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still unclear, the single-degenerate (SD) channel for the progenitor is currently accepted, in which a carbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) accretes hydrogen-rich material from its companion, increases its mass to the Chandrasekhar mass limit, and then explodes as an SN Ia. The companion may be a main sequence or a slightly evolved star (WD + MS), or a red giant star (WD + RG). Incorporating the effect of mass stripping and accretion-disk instability on the evolution of the WD binary, we carried out binary stellar evolution calculations for more than 1600 close WD binaries. As a result, the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia are presented in an orbital period-secondary mass (log P i , M i 2 ) plane. We confirmed that in a WD + MS system, the initial companion leading to SNe Ia may have mass from 1 M sun to 5 M sun . The initial WD mass for SNe Ia from WD + MS channel is as low as 0.565 M sun , while the lowest WD mass from the WD + RG channel is 1.0 M sun . Adopting the above results, we studied the birth rate of SNe Ia via a binary population synthesis approach. We found that the Galactic SNe Ia birth rate from SD model is (2.55-2.9) x 10 -3 yr -1 (including WD + He star channel), which is slightly smaller than that from observation. If a single starburst is assumed, the distribution of the delay time of SNe Ia from the SD model may be a weak bimodality, where WD + He channel contributes to SNe Ia with delay time shorter than 10 8 yr and WD + RG channel to those with age longer than 6 Gyr.

  3. Substituição do farelo de soja por uréia ou amiréia para vacas em final de lactação - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1234 Replacement of soybean meal by urea or starea in diets for late lactation cows urea and starea in diets for lactation cows - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1234

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Imaizumi

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para estudar a substituição parcial do farelo de soja (FS por uréia, na forma extrusada com milho (A150S ou convencional (U. No experimento 1 utilizou-se 38 vacas em final de lactação. A substituição não afetou (P > 0,05 a produção de leite e leite corrigido para gordura, o teor e produção de proteína, a produção de sólidos totais e as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose e N-uréico. O tratamento U aumentou (P 0,05. A substituição parcial do farelo de soja por uréia é uma alternativa viável para vacas em final de lactação. O processamento da uréia não apresentou vantagens em relação à forma convencionalTwo trials were conducted to study the partial replacement of soybean meal (FS by urea (U in diets for late lactation cows. Conventional urea was compared to extruded urea (A150S. In trial 1, 38 late lactation cows were used. The partial replacement of soybean meal by urea sources or the urea processing did not affect milk and 3.5% FCM yields, protein content and yield, total solids yield, and plasma urea N and glucose. Feeding U increased milk fat and total solids content. In trial 2, five dry cows, fitted with ruminal canulas were used. Dry matter intake, total tract nutrient digestibility’s, rumen VFA molar concentration, plasma urea-N and plasma glucose were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05. The partial replacement of soybean meal by urea is an alternative to reduce costs of diets for late lactating cows. Extrusion of urea did not show any advantage compared to conventional urea

  4. Babesiose cerebral em bovinos: 20 casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigues Aline

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Num estudo retrospectivo de 1.071 necropsias de bovinos, foram encontrados 20 casos de babesiose cerebral confirmados pelo exame de esfregaços do córtex telencefálico. A maioria desses casos ocorreu no verão, em bovinos adultos de raças européias ou suas cruzas. Além dos sinais clínicos neurológicos, observou-se hemoglobinúria, anorexia, febre, taquicardia, taquipnéia e queda na produção de leite. O hemograma realizado em cinco bovinos afetados revelou acentuada anemia regenerativa; em média, 20% dos eritrócitos estavam parasitados por Babesia bovis. Na necropsia de todos os casos, a substância cinzenta dos córtices telencefálico e cerebelar e dos núcleos da base era consistente e caracteristicamente róseo-cereja. Essa coloração devia-se ao seqüestro de eritrócitos nos capilares encefálicos. Nesses eritrócitos, podiam-se observar, tanto em esfregaços do córtex como em preparações histológicas do encéfalo, microorganismos com morfologia compatível com B. bovis. Outros achados de necropsia incluíam hemoglobinúria, rins vermelho-escuros, hepatoesplenomegalia, fígado vermelho-alaranjado, icterícia, hemorragias epicárdicas e endocárdicas e edema e congestão dos linfonodos mesentéricos.

  5. Ocorrência de rota vírus e adeno vírus em crianças de até 11 anos de idade sem sintomatologia de diarréia em Goiânia - GO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Cristina T. Camarota

    1992-03-01

    Full Text Available Trezentas e oitenta e cinco amostras fecais provenientes de crianças na faixa etária de até 11 anos, sem sintomatologia de diarréia, foram estudadas objetivando-se a detecção de rotavirus. Desta amostragem, 268foram obtidas de crianças habitantes de creches e 117 de crianças atendidas no ambulatório do Hospital Lúcio Rebelo de Goiânia-Goiás. Todas as amostrasforam analisadas através da técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA- SDS, e 89 foram também analisadas pelo ensaio imunoenzimático adaptado para rotavirus e adenovirus (E1ARA. Rotavirus e adenovirus só foram detectados nas crianças atendidas no ambulatório, num percentual de 1,7% e 1,6% respectivamente, não havendo nenhuma positividade nas crianças de creches. Ambos os vírus ocorrerarh na faixa etária de 1 a 2 anos.

  6. Role of Ag-alloy in the thermal stability of Ag-based ohmic contact to GaN(0 0 0 1) surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiong, Zhihua; Qin, Zhenzhen; Zhao, Qian; Chen, Lanli

    2015-01-01

    First-principles calculations are performed to study Ag and Ag-alloy adsorption stability on GaN(0 0 0 1) surface. We find Ag only contact to GaN surface is unstable under high temperature. While Ag-alloy adsorption exhibits better adsorption stability and electronic properties than that of the Ag only contact,due to the enhanced interaction between Ag-alloy and GaN(0 0 0 1) surface. The Ag-alloy, particularly AgNi, is proposed to be used as very promising ohmic contact to GaN for practical applications

  7. Sleep apnea and REM sleep behavior disorder in patients with Chiari malformations Apnéia do sono e distúrbio do comportamento da fase do sono com REM em pacientes com malformações de Chiari

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Sérgio A. Henriques-Filho

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Chiari malformations (CM may result in the appearance of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS that can be considered markers of brain stem dysfunction. PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of RBD and SAS in patients with CM type I and II. METHOD: Were evaluated 103 patients with CM by means of full night polysomnography. Were scoring different sleep stages, frequency of abnormal movements (through video monitoring and abnormal respiratory events. RESULTS: Of the 103 patients, 36 showed CM type I and 67 CM type II. Episodes of RBD were observed in 23 patients. Abnormal apnea-hypopnea index (AHI was observed in 65 patients. CONCLUSION: The high rate of RBD suggests that this parassomnia and the increased frequency of central sleep apnea episodes, may be considered as a marker of progressive brain stem dysfunction.INTRODUÇÃO: Malformações de Chiari (MC podem gerar o aparecimento de distúrbio comportamental da fase do sono com REM (DCR e síndrome da apnéia do sono (SAS, sugerindo a ocorrência de disfunção do tronco cerebral. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de DCR e SAS em pacientes com MC I ou II. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se a polissonografia de noite inteira para a avaliação de 103 pacientes. Classificaram-se as diferentes fases do sono e analisou-se a freqüência de movimentos anormais (monitorada por vídeo e de eventos respiratórios anormais. RESULTADOS: Dos 103 pacientes analisados, 36 eram portadores de MC I e 67 de MC II. Episódios de DCR foram observados em 23 pacientes. O índice de apnéia/hipopnéia foi considerado anormal em 65 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A alta freqüência de DCR e o aumento da freqüência de episódios de apnéia central do sono podem ser considerados manifestação de disfunção progressiva do tronco cerebral.

  8. Efeito do teor protéico do concentrado no consumo de cana-de-açúcar com uréia e ganho de peso de novilhas em crescimento Effect of protein content of the concentrate on the intake of sugar cane with urea and weight gain by growing heifers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Armando de Andrade Rodrigues

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available O efeito de diferentes suplementos protéicos no consumo de cana-de-açúcar com uréia foi avaliado em novilhas mestiças de Holandês-Zebu, durante a estação seca. Dezoito novilhas com peso médio inicial de 288 kg e idade variando entre 15 e 22 meses foram suplementadas com farelo de soja ou com concentrado contendo 28,7% de proteína bruta. A quantidade de suplemento oferecida foi de 1,0 kg/animal·dia. A cana-de-açúcar com uréia foi fornecida à vontade. As médias dos consumos diários de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro de cana-de-açúcar com uréia, em porcentagem do peso vivo, foram 2,33 e 2,43 e 1,19 e 1,23, respectivamente, para os animais suplementados com farelo de soja ou concentrado contendo 28,7% de proteína bruta. Os suplementos protéicos não influíram no consumo de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro da cana-de-açúcar com uréia. Não houve diferença no ganho de peso entre os tratamentos. As médias de ganho de peso foram 0,39+0,04 e 0,36+0,04 kg/animal·dia, respectivamente, para os animais suplementados com farelo de soja ou com concentrado contendo 28,7% de proteína bruta.The effect of different protein supplements on intake of sugar cane with urea by crossbred Holstein-Zebu heifers was evaluated during 12 weeks in the dry season. Eighteen heifers, averaging initial weight of 288 kg and age ranging from 15 to 22 months, were supplemented with soybean meal or concentrate with 28.7% crude protein. The amount of supplement fed was 1.0 kg/animal·day. Sugar cane with urea was fed ad libitum. The average intake of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of sugar cane with urea in percent of live weight were 2.33 and 2.43; 1.19 and 1.23 for the animals supplemented with soybean meal or concentrate with 28.7% crude protein, respectively. The protein supplements did not affect intake of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of sugar cane with urea. The supplements did not affect heifers weight gain

  9. Type Ia supernovae, standardizable candles, and gravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wright, Bill S.; Li, Baojiu

    2018-04-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are generally accepted to act as standardizable candles, and their use in cosmology led to the first confirmation of the as yet unexplained accelerated cosmic expansion. Many of the theoretical models to explain the cosmic acceleration assume modifications to Einsteinian general relativity which accelerate the expansion, but the question of whether such modifications also affect the ability of SNe Ia to be standardizable candles has rarely been addressed. This paper is an attempt to answer this question. For this we adopt a semianalytical model to calculate SNe Ia light curves in non-standard gravity. We use this model to show that the average rescaled intrinsic peak luminosity—a quantity that is assumed to be constant with redshift in standard analyses of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology data—depends on the strength of gravity in the supernova's local environment because the latter determines the Chandrasekhar mass—the mass of the SN Ia's white dwarf progenitor right before the explosion. This means that SNe Ia are no longer standardizable candles in scenarios where the strength of gravity evolves over time, and therefore the cosmology implied by the existing SN Ia data will be different when analysed in the context of such models. As an example, we show that the observational SN Ia cosmology data can be fitted with both a model where (ΩM,ΩΛ)=(0.62 ,0.38 ) and Newton's constant G varies as G (z )=G0(1 +z )-1/4 and the standard model where (ΩM,ΩΛ)=(0.3 ,0.7 ) and G is constant, when the Universe is assumed to be flat.

  10. Fixação esquelética externa tipo Ia (unilateral-uniplanar para osteossíntese diafisária de úmero em pombos domésticos (Columba livia Type Ia (unilateral-uniplanar external Skeletal fixation for treatment of humeral diaphysis fracture in domestic pigeons (Columba livia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Moraes Leotte

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Das várias patologias que podem acometer as aves, são mais freqüentes as fraturas de ossos longos das asas e dos membros pélvicos. Este experimento teve como objetivo observar, por meio de exames clínicos, histológicos e radiográficos, a resposta cicatricial óssea ao uso do fixador externo tipo Ia (unilateral-uniplanar na redução aberta de fratura diafisária, de úmero em pombos domésticos (Columba livia. Foram estudados 14 pombos com peso variando entre 290 e 420 gramas. A fratura foi realizada na diáfise do úmero direito e, logo após, estabilizada com aparelho de fixação externa tipo Ia, utilizando-se, como barra de fixação, o acrílico autopolimerizável. O tempo médio para o completo desaparecimento da linha de fratura foi de 28±6,44 dias e para formação de calo ósseo, 17±3,26 dias. As aves, mesmo com o aparelho de fixação, retornaram ao vôo aos 28±1,2 dias, exceto uma que não recuperou a capacidade de vôo. A técnica de fixação externa demonstrou ser eficaz para o tratamento de fraturas diafisárias de úmero em pombos domésticos.Among the various pathologies that can inflict birds, the long bones fractures of the wings, and pelvic members are more commom. Fourteeen domestic pigeons (Columba livia weighing 290 to 420g, were submitted to open reduction of humeral diaphysis fracture with external fixator type Ia (unilateral-uniplanar in order to evaluate the clinical, histological and radiographic evolution of the bone healing. The external fixator device was stabilized with methilmetacrylate acrylic. The average time necessary to the complete disappearance of the fracture line by radiographic evaluation was 28±6.44 days. The bone callus was identified at 17±3.26 postoperative days. The birds returned to flying in 28±1.2 days yet with the fixation device and only one did not recovere the flying abillity. The external fixation technique is an efficient method to treat diaphiseal humeral fracture in domestic

  11. Irradiation-induced displacement of Ag atoms from lattice sites in an Al-0.2% Mg-0.1% Ag crystal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swanson, M.L.; Howe, L.M.; Quenneville, A.F.

    1976-01-01

    In irradiated alloys of Al containing approximately 0.1 at% Ag, the backscattering - channelling method shows that Al-Ag dumbells are created by the trapping of Al interstitial atoms at Ag solute atoms. The present results demonstrate that the addition of 0.2 at% Mg to such irradiated alloys retards not only the formation of Al-Ag dumbells during annealing from 30 to 100 K but also their annihilation during annealing from 180 to 240 K. Al interstitials are released from Mg traps at 100 to 160 K, causing further trapping at Ag atoms. Approximately 70% of the Ag atoms return to lattice sites at approximately 200 K (stage III) (compared with 100% in the Al-0.1% Ag alloys) and the remainder return to lattice sites at approximately 260 K. These results favour migration of Al-Ag dumbells rather than vacancies during stage III annealing. (author)

  12. Evaluation of the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children with headaches Avaliação dos sinais e sintomas de disfunções temporomandibulares em crianças com cefaléias

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    Fernanda Mara de Paiva Bertoli

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD in children with headaches in a neuropediatric ambulatory. METHOD: Fifty patients between 4 and 18 years of age were examined: 31 had headaches (24 migraine, 4 tension type and 3 unspecific headache and 19 formed the control group. The data collection was comprised of a structured questionnaire answered by the children's parents, and a subjective evaluation about the children’s emotional state. A specific questionnaire for TMD was applied, followed by a clinical dental examination of the children. As signs of TMD, mouth opening limitation, mandibular trajectory deviation in opening mouth, and joint noise were considered. As symptoms, pain on palpation of masseter and temporal muscles and on the poromandibular joint. RESULTS: A significant increase in signs and symptoms of TMD was found in patients with headaches when compared to the control group. There was also a significant difference in signs and symptoms of TMD according to age (increased with age and emotional state (tense> calm. CONCLUSION: There is a higher frequency of TMD in pediatric patients with headaches; thus, it is important to look for TMD signs and symptoms in this population.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM em crianças com cefaléias em um ambulatório de neuropediatria. MÉTODO: Foram examinados 50 pacientes com idade entre 4 e 18 anos, 31 com cefaléias (24 com enxaqueca, 4 com cefaléia tensional e 3 com cefaléia inespecífica e 19 do grupo controle. Os dados compreenderam um questionário estruturado respondido pelos pais e uma avaliação subjetiva sobre o estado emocional das crianças. Foi aplicado um questionário específico para DTM e realizado um exame clínico dental. Foram considerados como sinais de DTM: limitação da abertura bucal, desvio da trajetória ao abrir a boca e ru

  13. EVOLVING TO TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE WITH SHORT DELAY TIMES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Bo; Chen Xuefei; Han Zhanwen; Meng Xiangcun

    2009-01-01

    The single-degenerate model is currently a favorable progenitor model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Recent investigations on the white dwarf (WD) + He star channel of the single-degenerate model imply that this channel is noteworthy for producing SNe Ia. In this paper, we studied SN Ia birthrates and delay times of this channel via a detailed binary population synthesis approach. We found that the Galactic SN Ia birthrate from the WD + He star channel is ∼0.3 x 10 -3 yr -1 according to our standard model, and that this channel can explain SNe Ia with short delay times (∼4.5 x 10 7 -1.4 x 10 8 yr). Meanwhile, these WD + He star systems may be related to the young supersoft X-ray sources prior to SN Ia explosions.

  14. ANÁLISE DE ESTABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE CULTIVARES DE SOJA EM 28 AMBIENTES DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

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    Ailo Valmir Saccol

    1993-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo utilizou os dados de rendimento de 21 cultivares de soja, em 28 ambientes do Rio Grande do Sul, para uma análise de estabilidade pelo modelo bi-segmentado descontínuo (STORCK, 1989, com correções devido a erros nas variáveis. As principais conclusões foram; 1 O método mostrou-se adequado para o estudo da estabilidade fenotípica de cultivares de soja, porque houve uma boa variação ambiental e um bom ajustamento dos dados ao modelo; 2 O grupo de cultivares estudado pode ser classificado em: a Indesejáveis (Hill, IAS-2, Paraná, Prata, Sel. Foscarin, Louisiana, Hardee, Bienville, Industrial, Santa Rosa, Bossier e Viçoja; b Adaptáveis tanto aos ambientes inferiores como aos superiores, dentro da região estudada (Pérola, Bragg e Jakson; c Adaptáveis à ambientes superiores (Planalto, Hale-7, IAS-5, IAS-1 e IAS-4; d Adaptáveis à ambientes médios (Hood.

  15. Asymptomatic infections by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children from Misiones, Argentina, during the first twenty months of their lives Infecções assintomáticas por Escherichia coli causadoras de diarréias em crianças de Misiones, Argentina durante os primeiros vinte meses de vida

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    Marina QUIROGA

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available Diarrheagenics Escherichia coli are the major agents involved in diarrheal disease in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time of appearance of the first asymptomatic infection by the different categories of diarrheagenic E. coli in 44 children since their birth and during the first 20 months of their lives. In all of the children studied, we detected at least one category of diarrheagenic E. coli through the 20 months of the study. 510 diarrheagenic E. coli (33.5% were obtained from the 1,524 samples collected from the 44 children during the time of the study (31.4% EAggEC, 28.8% EPEC, 27.1% DAEC, and 12.7% ETEC. Neither EHEC nor EIEC were identified. The median age for diarrheagenic E. coli colonization was 7.5 months. The mean weaning period was 12.8 months and the mean age for introduction of mixed feeding (breast fed supplemented was 3.8 months. A significantly lower incidence of diarrheal disease and asymptomatic infections was recorded among the exclusively breast-fed rather than in the supplemented and non breast-fed infants. For ETEC, EPEC and EAggEC the introduction of weaning foods and complete termination of breast-feeding were associated with an increase of asymptomatic infections.E. coli é o principal agente envolvido na produção de diarréias nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo de aparição da primeira infecção assintomática pelas diferentes categorias de E. coli causadoras de diarréias em 44 crianças desde o nascimento e durante os primeiros 20 meses de vida. Em todas as crianças estudadas foram detectadas algumas categorias de E. coli causadoras de diarréia ao longo dos 20 meses do estudo. Durante o estudo foram obtidas 510 E. coli causadoras de diarréia (33,5% a partir das 1524 amostras colectadas das 44 crianças (31,4% EAggEC, 28,8% EPEC, 27,1%DAEC e 12,7% ETEC. Não foram detectadas nem EHEC e nem EIEC. A idade média para a colonização pelas E

  16. O uso de bambu e metal clay no design de jóias de arte

    OpenAIRE

    Takamitsu, Helen Tatiana [UNESP

    2011-01-01

    Esta dissertação teve como objetivo desenvolver processos de confecção de Jóias de Arte ecologicamente corretas em bambu e metal clay. Para tanto foram projetados e confeccionados alguns protótipos de jóias com estes materiais, aliando o material renovável bambu e o metal clay, que é proveniente da reciclagem de chapas fotográficas e outros resíduos industriais. Foram confeccionados um anel, uma pulseira e um pingente, com partes de colmos de bambu devidamente secos, da espécie Dendrocalamus ...

  17. Fatores ambientais associados à diarréia infantil em áreas de assentamento subnormal em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais Childhood diarrhea-related to environmental factors in subnormal settlements in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Júlio César Teixeira

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: caracterizar a prevalência de diarréia e identificar os fatores associados à essa doença em crianças residentes em áreas de assentamento subnormal. MÉTODOS: utilizou-se um delineamento transversal de base populacional. A amostra estudada totalizou 655 crianças. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante entrevistas domiciliares com a mãe ou com o responsável pela criança. Foram usados modelos de regressão logística para identificar fatores associados à diarréia. RESULTADOS: a prevalência da diarréia foi 17,5%. Os fatores associados à doença incluíram internação da criança no primeiro mês de vida; ser cuidado por terceiros, que não a mãe; maior nível de escolaridade do responsável; e maior tempo de residência, como fatores de proteção. Como fatores de risco individuais, a existência de outra doença; e baixa idade. Como fatores de risco coletivos, o consumo de água de mina; a disposição dos esgotos na rua ou no terreno; o acondicionamento inadequado do lixo; e presença de moscas. CONCLUSÕES: para o combate à diarréia sugere-se atenção especial à saúde e à alimentação de crianças com idade abaixo de cinco anos, incluindo adequadas cobertura e qualidade nos serviços de saneamento ambiental.OBJECTIVES: to determine diarrhea prevalence and to identify factors associated to the condition in children living in subnormal settlement areas. METHODS: a cross-sectional population-based study was used. The sample studied totaled 655 children. Data collection was performed through home interviews with the mother or caretaker. Logistic regression models were used to identify diarrhea associated factors. RESULTS: diarrhea prevalence was of 17.5%. Condition associated factors included child hospitalization during the first month of life; children looked after by others and not the mother; higher education level of the caretaker and longer residency period, as protection factors and as individual risk factors

  18. História e psicologia em Henri Berr

    OpenAIRE

    Waeny, Maria Fernanda Costa

    2017-01-01

    O artigo aborda algumas das idéias de Henri Berr; trata de sua proposta em história, especialmente no que ela se opõe à filosofia da história e à história alemãs; e examina como esta concepção de história à la francesa introduz a psicologia nas pesquisas em história e inaugura a psicologia histórica.Palavras-chave: História da Psicologia; Psicologia Histórica; História das Ciências Humanas; História das Idéias; Annales

  19. Constraining cosmological parameter with SN Ia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Putri, A N Indra; Wulandari, H R Tri

    2016-01-01

    A type I supemovae (SN Ia) is an exploding white dwarf, whose mass exceeds Chandrasekar limit (1.44 solar mass). If a white dwarf is in a binary system, it may accrete matter from the companion, resulting in an excess mass that cannot be balanced by the pressure of degenerated electrons in the core. SNe Ia are highly luminous objects, that they are visible from very high distances. After some corrections (stretch (s), colour (c), K-corrections, etc.), the variations in the light curves of SNe Ia can be suppressed to be no more than 10%. Their high luminosity and almost uniform intrinsic brightness at the peak light, i.e. M B ∼ -19, make SNe Ia ideal standard candle. Because of their visibility from large distances, SNe Ia can be employed as a cosmological measuring tool. It was analysis of SNe Ia data that indicated for the first time, that the universe is not only expanding, but also accelerating. This work analyzed a compilation of SNe Ia data to determine several cosmological parameters (H 0 , Ω m , Ω a , and w ). It can be concluded from the analysis, that our universe is a flat, dark energy dominated universe, and that the cosmological constant A is a suitable candidate for dark energy. (paper)

  20. Efeito de níveis crescentes de uréia na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre a produção e a composição físico-química do leite Effect of increasing dietary urea levels on milk yield and composition of lactating cows

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Augusto Aquino

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se o efeito de níveis crescentes de uréia na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre a produção e composição físico-química do leite. Foram utilizadas nove vacas holandesas em lactação, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 3 x 3, com três tratamentos e três períodos de coleta. O experimento teve duração de 63 dias, divididos em três períodos de 21 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta controle, formulada para suprir 100% das exigências de PB, proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR e proteína não-degradável no rúmen (PNDR, composta de farelo de soja como principal fonte protéica e cana-de-açúcar como volumoso, e de duas outras dietas, semelhantes à dieta controle, mas com 0,75 ou 1,5% de uréia em substituição ao farelo de soja. As dietas foram isoenergéticas (1,53 Mcal/kg de energia líquida de lactação e isoprotéicas (16% de PB. Quando os resultados foram analisados por regressão polinomial simples, não houve efeitos das dietas sobre o consumo de MS, as produções de leite e de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura, os teores de proteína e gordura e a contagem de células somáticas do leite. Os níveis de substituição do farelo de soja por uréia não influenciaram o pH, a crioscopia ou a densidade do leite. No entanto, verificou-se efeito linear decrescente dos níveis de uréia na dieta sobre a acidez do leite. Os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, uréia, extrato seco total e extrato seco desengordurado não foram afetados pelas dietas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o uso de até 1,5% de uréia na MS da dieta de vacas em lactação não altera a produção, a composição e as características físico-químicas do leite.The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of three different dietary levels of urea on milk yield and composition. Nine lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to three replicated 3 x 3 Latin squares with three periods of 21 days each

  1. Linguagem e emoção: ethos, logos e oathos e "Antiperipléia"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Henrique Aguiar Mendes

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Este texto apresenta primeiramente um conjunto de hipóteses teóri­cas sobre as relações estabelecidas entre linguagem e emoção, fundamentadas em categorias oriundas da retórica, da pragmática  e da aná­lise do discurso. Em seguida, tais hipóteses são aplicadas na análise do conto de Tutaméia acima referido, com vistas a verificar  a sua operacionalidade.

  2. Uréia para Vacas em Lactação: 2. Estimativas do Volume Urinário, da Produção Microbiana e da Excreção de Uréia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Rosângela Maria Nunes da

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida, utilizando 15 vacas lactantes (Holandês x Gir alimentadas à vontade com rações isoprotéicas constituídas de 60% de silagem e 40% de concentrado na matéria seca (MS e 0; 0,7; 1,4; e 2,1% de uréia, correspondentes aos teores de 2,08; 4,01; 5,76; e 8,07% de proteína bruta na forma de compostos nitrogenados não-protéicos (NNP, com os objetivos de desenvolver metodologia não-invasiva, para estimar a produção de proteína microbiana, utilizando-se a excreção total de derivados de purinas (DP; avaliar as concentrações de creatinina, uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite; e comparar as excreções de DP e uréia obtidas a partir de coletas de urina total e spot. Os animais tinham peso vivo médio inicial de 511,8 kg e foram distribuídos ao acaso entre tratamentos. O período experimental teve duração de 90 dias para cada vaca, iniciando-se imediatamente após o parto. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente por análises de variância e de regressão. As amostras de urina foram obtidas a partir de coletas com 24 horas de duração ou a partir de amostra de urina obtida aproximadamente 4 horas após a alimentação (urina spot, enquanto as de sangue foram obtidas 4 horas após o fornecimento do alimento. As concentrações de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e leite, assim como a excreção de creatinina, que apresentou valor médio de 23,60 mg/kg PV, não foram afetadas pela adição de quantidades crescentes de NNP à ração. As excreções urinárias de uréia, alantoína, ácido úrico e DP, as purinas absorvidas e a produção de N microbiano não foram influenciadas pela dieta. As excreções diárias estimadas de uréia, alantoína e ácido úrico seguiram o mesmo padrão obtido pela coleta de 24 horas de duração. Amostra spot de urina foi capaz de estimar satisfatoriamente a excreção de DP e, subseqüentemente, a produção de N microbiano.

  3. Sonolência excessiva diurna, apnéia do sono tipo central e distrofia miotônica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubens Reimão

    1985-12-01

    Full Text Available São relatados dois casos de distrofia miotônica acompanhada de sonolência excessiva diurna. A avaliação polissonográfica de noite inteira revelou grande número de apnéias do sono tipo central deflagrando despertares freqüentes. As apnéias dos tipos obstrutivo e misto ocorreram em níveis normais e não se constatou hipoxia. Houve diminuição da eficiência do sono e redução dos estágios 3, 4 e REM. A apnéia central e a sonolência diurna que acarreta representariam manifestações precoces do comprometimento do sistema nervoso central na distrofia miotônica.

  4. Dimensionamento de uma bóia marítima energeticamente autossustentável

    OpenAIRE

    Faria, Rui Miguel da Silva de

    2015-01-01

    O principal objetivo deste projeto passou pela modelação e dimensionamento de uma bóia marítima energeticamente autossustentável que fosse capaz de fazer uma recolha e transmissão de dados em alto mar e de produzir a eletricidade através de um aerogerador, armazenando-a em baterias. O aerogerador deve ter capacidade de produção suficiente para alimentar um equipamento designado por Manta, um equipamento de recolha de dados que comunica remotamente com vários operadores, que ...

  5. THE SPECTROSCOPIC DIVERSITY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blondin, S.; Matheson, T.; Kirshner, R. P.; Mandel, K. S.; Challis, P.; Berlind, P.; Calkins, M.; Garnavich, P. M.; Jha, S. W.; Modjaz, M.; Riess, A. G.; Schmidt, B. P.

    2012-01-01

    We present 2603 spectra of 462 nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), including 2065 previously unpublished spectra, obtained during 1993-2008 through the Center for Astrophysics Supernova Program. There are on average eight spectra for each of the 313 SNe Ia with at least two spectra. Most of the spectra were obtained with the FAST spectrograph at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 1.5 m telescope and reduced in a consistent manner, making this data set well suited for studies of SN Ia spectroscopic diversity. Using additional data from the literature, we study the spectroscopic and photometric properties of SNe Ia as a function of spectroscopic class using the classification schemes of Branch et al. and Wang et al. The width-luminosity relation appears to be steeper for SNe Ia with broader lines, although the result is not statistically significant with the present sample. Based on the evolution of the characteristic Si II λ6355 line, we propose improved methods for measuring velocity gradients, revealing a larger range than previously suspected, from ∼0 to ∼400 km s −1 day −1 considering the instantaneous velocity decline rate at maximum light. We find a weaker and less significant correlation between Si II velocity and intrinsic B – V color at maximum light than reported by Foley et al., owing to a more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties and host galaxy dust. We study the extent of nuclear burning and the presence of unburnt carbon in the outermost layers of the ejecta and report new detections of C II λ6580 in 23 early-time SN Ia spectra. The frequency of C II detections is not higher in SNe Ia with bluer colors or narrower light curves, in conflict with the recent results of Thomas et al. Based on nebular spectra of 27 SNe Ia, we find no relation between the FWHM of the iron emission feature at ∼4700 Å and Δm 15 (B) after removing the two low-luminosity SN 1986G and SN 1991bg, suggesting that the peak luminosity is not strongly dependent

  6. Compare the Difference of B-cell Epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 Proteins Selected through Bioinformatic Analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    An, Mengting; Zhang, Fengbo; Zhu, Yuejie; Zhao, Xiao; Ding, Jianbing

    2018-01-01

    Cystic echinococcosis, as a zoonosis, seriously endangers humans and animals, so early diagnosis of this disease is particularly important. Therefore, this study is to predict B-cell epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 proteins by bioinformatics software. B-cell epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 proteins are predicted using DNAStar and IEDB software. The results suggest that there are two potential B-cell epitopes in EgAgB1, which located in the 8-15 and 31-37 amino acid residue segments. And two potential B-cell epitopes in EgAgB2, located in the 20∼27 and 47∼53 amino acid residue segments. This study predicted the B-cell epitopes of EgAgB1 and EgAgB3 proteins, which laid the foundation for the early diagnosis of Cystic echinococcosis.

  7. The dense core vesicle protein IA-2, but not IA-2β, is required for active avoidance learning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carmona, G N; Nishimura, T; Schindler, C W; Panlilio, L V; Notkins, A L

    2014-06-06

    The islet-antigens IA-2 and IA-2β are major autoantigens in type-1 diabetes and transmembrane proteins in dense core vesicles (DCV). Recently we showed that deletion of both IA-2 and IA-2β alters the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters and impairs behavior and learning. The present study was designed to evaluate the contribution to learning of each of these genes by using single knockout (SKO) and double knockout (DKO) mice in an active avoidance test. After 5 days of training, wild-type (WT) mice showed 60-70% active avoidance responses, whereas the DKO mice showed only 10-15% active avoidance responses. The degree of active avoidance responses in the IA-2 SKO mice was similar to that of the DKO mice, but in contrast, the IA-2β SKO mice behaved like WT mice showing 60-70% active avoidance responses. Molecular studies revealed a marked decrease in the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) in the striatum and hippocampus of the IA-2 SKO and DKO mice, but not in the IA-2β SKO mice. To evaluate the role of CREB and CAMKII in the SKO and DKO mice, GBR-12909, which selectively blocks the dopamine uptake transporter and increases CREB and CAMKII phosphorylation, was administered. GBR-12909 restored the phosphorylation of CREB and CAMKII and increased active avoidance learning in the DKO and IA-2 SKO to near the normal levels found in the WT and IA-2β SKO mice. We conclude that in the absence of the DCV protein IA-2, active avoidance learning is impaired. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. Resposta à adubação com uréia, cloreto de potássio e ácido bórico em mudas abacaxizeiro'Smooth Cayenne' Response to fertilization with urea, potassium chloride and boric acid in the 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple plants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruimário Inácio Coelho

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Mudas do abacaxizeiro (Ananas comosus L., cultivar Smooth Cayenne, obtidas por seccionamento de caule, foram submetidas à adubação foliar com soluções em diferentes concentrações de uréia, KCl e H3BO3. O delineamento utilizado foi fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/55³, com três tipos de adubo e cinco concentrações, num total de 25 tratamentos, que consistiram de combinações de concentrações de 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 g L-1 de uréia e KCl, e 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g L-1 de H3BO3. Os tratamentos foram iniciados nove semanas após o plantio das seções do caule, com 26 pulverizações semanais para a uréia e KCl e 4 pulverizações mensais para o H3BO3. Verificou-se crescimento linear positivo para as características: altura das brotações, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca e fresca das mudas, em resposta a níveis crescentes de uréia. Não foi observado efeito do KCl e H3BO3 para nenhuma das características de crescimento avaliadas. As mudas adubadas com 10 g L-1 de uréia atingiram altura de 40 cm e massa fresca de 242 g no 9º mês após o plantio das seções.Suckers of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus L., Smooth Cayenne cv., obtained by stem sectioning, were submitted to leaf fertilization with solutions at different concentrations of urea, KCl and H3BO3. The fractionated factorial design of the type (1/55³ was used, with three fertilizer types and five concentrations, totalizing 25 treatments that consisted of combination of concentrations (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 g L-1 of urea and KCl, as well as 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 g L-1 of H3BO3. The treatments began nine weeks after planting the stem sections. Twenty six sprays of urea and KCl were weekly applied as well as four monthly sprays of H3BO3. Positive linear growth was verified for the following characteristics: sprouting heights, leaf numbers, leaf area, dry and fresh matter of the suckers in response to increasing urea levels. No effect of KCl and H3BO3

  9. Atividade do acaricida etoxazol sobre a mortalidade e reprodução do ácaro-da-leprose Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae, em citros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Juari Celoto

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade do acaricida etoxazol, no controle e reprodução do ácaro B. phoenicis. Para tanto, foram demarcadas com cola adesiva arenas de cinco centímetros de diâmetro em frutos de citros com alta infestação do ácaro. O ensaio foi delineado em parcelas inteiramente casualizadas, com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Em cada arena foram contados o número de ácaros adultos, jovens e ovos. Os tratamentos constaram dos seguintes acaricidas e doses em g i.a./100 L de água: etoxazol 110 SC (1,1; 1,65; 2,75 e 5,5; hexitiazoxi 500 PM (0,75; flufenoxuron 100 CE (3; cihexatina 500 PM (25, aplicados diretamente sobre as arenas. Os frutos foram mantidos em câmara de germinação tipo BOD. com temperatura de 25 ± 2 ºC e fotofase de 12 horas. Diariamente, foram contados o número de ácaros adultos, jovens e ovos, com auxílio de microscópio esteroscópio. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a atividade ovicida, esterilização de fêmeas e efeito sobre formas jovens. Constatou-se que o etoxazol provocou mortalidade de formas jovens do ácaro-da-leprose superior a 95%, nas doses a partir de 1,1 g i.a. /100 L de água. Ovos tratados com etoxazol, nas doses a partir de 1,65 g i.a. /100 L de água, apresentaram inviabilidade média de 60%. O etoxazol apresentou efeito esterilizante sobre fêmeas nas doses a partir de 2,75 g i.a./100 L de água, inviabilizando 95% dos ovos.

  10. Efeito de inseticidas em insetos predadores em culturas de algodão Effect of insecticides on predator insects associated with cotton

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ JANDUI SOARES

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de inseticidas em insetos predadores em cultura de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L., instalaram-se, em 1993-1994, dois experimentos, um no campo, e outro, em laboratório. No experimento realizado no campo, os tratamentos foram: Fipronil 200 SC (75 g/ha de i.a.; Fipronil 800 WDG (64, 80 e 100 g/ha de i.a.; Endosulfan 350 CE (700 g/ha de i.a.; e testemunha. Em laboratório, além das formulações à base de Fipronil foi utilizado o Paration metílico 600 CE (480 g/ha de i.a.. Fipronil foi seletivo para os artrópodes predadores (Scymnus sp., Geocoris ventralis, Cycloneda sanguinea e Doru lineare no campo, e a Cycloneda sanguinea (L., em laboratório, e pode ser recomendado em programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura do algodoeiro para o controle de Alabama argillacea (Rueb., e Anthonomus grandis Boh. Endosulfan foi seletivo em relação a Scymnus sp., Geocoris ventralis Thomazini e Doru lineare (Eschs no campo, com uma redução dos insetos inferior a 30%, e o Paration metílico não foi seletivo para C. sanguinea em laboratório.To assess the selectivity of insecticides to predator insects in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. crops two, trials, 1993-1994, under field and laboratory conditions were conducted. Under field conditions, the following treatments were compared: Fipronil 200 CS (75 g/ha of a.i.; Fipronil 800 WDG (64, 80 and 100 g/ha of a.i.; Endosulfan 350 EC (700 g/ha of a.i.; and control. Under laboratory conditions, in addition to Friponil, Methyl parathion 600 EC 480 g/ha of a.i. was also tested. Fipronil was selective to predators (Scymnus sp., Geocoris ventralis, Cycloneda sanguinea and Doru lineare under field condition and to Cycloneda sanguinea (L. under laboratory conditions. This product can be used in integrated pest management programs in cotton crops to control Alabama argillacea (Rueb., and Anthonomus grandis Boh. Endosulfan was selective to Scymnus sp., Geocoris ventralis

  11. A Model for Forecasting Enlisted Student IA Billet Requirements

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-03-01

    IA execution ........................................... 4   Figure 2.   Learning center to resource sponsor alignment...initial entry training” [3]. 4 Figure 1. Training that counts as student IA execution The second type of chargeable training is the...Reference [ 4 ] describes the process the Navy uses to build the student IA program. It comprises three steps. The first is to forecast student IA E

  12. The Connection between IAS/IFRS and Social Responsibility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefano AMELIO

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the paper is to evaluate the degree of social responsibility arising from the statement of comprehensive income prepared according to IAS/IFRS, to demonstrate whether the values obtained from prospects and from the calculation of the indicators are sufficient to analyze the Company's performance from the perspective of social responsibility and sustainable value or not. In order to achieve the objective of harmonization, the European Union adopted the IAS/IFRS developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB. The research is divided into two sections and the approach used is mainly theoretical and qualitative. In the first part, the financial statements to be prepared according to IAS 1 and IAS 7 and, in particular, the so called statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the period are analyzed by underling the function of the same and by presenting some financial performance indicators. Then, the research highlights how these values obtained are not useful to communicate the company's strategy in terms of social responsibility and sustainable value. In the second part the analyses exposes the concept of social balance. According to the social responsibility view the IAS/IFRS financial statements should be accompanied by the social balance. It becomes crucial to complete the set of financial statements stated from IAS 1 with a social balance as well as the same IAS 1 contemplates. For this reason it is possible to say that the connection between IAS/IFRS and social responsibility is weak.

  13. Eqüidade em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde em países da União Européia Equity in socioeconomic sectors with an impact on health in European Union member countries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria do Rosário Giraldes

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Pode ser eventualmente mais adequado corrigir desigualdades no domínio da educação, estilos de vida ou nutrição do que no domínio da saúde. O presente artigo propõe-se medir as desigualdades existentes, em países da União Européia, em áreas sócio-econômicas com impacto na saúde da população. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Gini para quantificar as desigualdades entre países da União Européia no que respeita a educação e atividades culturais, estilos de vida, nutrição, desemprego, utilização de serviços de saúde e despesa em saúde. Os indicadores que apresentam coeficientes de Gini mais elevados são a percentagem da população com ensino secundário elevado, o consumo per capita de manteiga e o consumo per capita de embalagens de medicamentos. Consiste motivo de preocupação para o setor saúde que a área da educação apresente uma tão grande desigualdade em relação à percentagem de inscritos no ensino secundário elevado, em países da União Européia. A desigualdade que existe no consumo per capita de manteiga é igualmente de salientar por causa do impacto que a nutrição tem, por exemplo, na incidência de doenças cárdio e cerebrovasculares e do peso que essas doenças têm na estrutura de mortalidade.It may sometimes be more appropriate to correct inequalities in the domains of education, lifestyles, or nutrition than that of health. The current study proposes to measure existing inequalities in European Union member countries in socioeconomic areas with an impact on the population's health. The Gini coefficient was used to quantify inequalities among member countries with regard to education and cultural activities, lifestyles, nutrition, unemployment, use of health care services, and health expenditures. The indicators with the highest Gini coefficients are the percentage of the population with a secondary school education (level of schooling just preceding the university, per capita butter

  14. Phase diagrams of two dimensional Pd{sub x}Ag{sub 1-x}/Pd(111) and Pt{sub x}Ag{sub 1-x}/Pt(111) surface alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Engstfeld, Albert K.; Roetter, Ralf T.; Bergbreiter, Andreas; Hoster, Harry E.; Behm, R. Juergen [Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University (Germany)

    2011-07-01

    The distribution of Ag and Pd or Pt in Ag{sub x}Pd{sub 1-x}/Pd(111) and Ag{sub x}Pt{sub 1-x}/Pt(111) surface alloys was studied by high resolution UHV-STM. The alloys were prepared by evaporating Ag on the respective substrate and subsequent annealing to 800 K. From quantitative 2D atom distributions we can show that AgPt tends towards two dimensional clustering and AgPd towards a 'quasi' random distribution, with small deviations for low and high coverages. From effective pair interactions, we are able to calculate the surface mixing energy and determine 2D phase diagrams. Furthermore we will elucidate whether the size mismatch or the differences in the intermetallic bonding are the dominant factor for the respective distribution in the surface alloy.

  15. Nota sobre antígeno relacionado à hepatite (HB Ag e anticorpo (HB Ab em população do território Federal do Amapá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hermann G. Schatzmayr

    1974-04-01

    Full Text Available 53 amostras de soro, provenientes de Ferreira Gomes, no Amapá, foram testados para antígeno HB Ag e anticorpo HB Ab, com uma positividade de 3,7% para HB Ag, sub-tipo D. Os autores acentuam a necessidade de inquéritos em populações brasileiras a fim de estabelecer os sub-tipos associados à hepatite.3,7% of 53 serum samples from healthy inhabitants of Ferreira Gomes, Amapá, were positive for HB Ag, subtype D. The authors síress the needs of surveys to deteet the prevalent types of antigens associated with viral hepatitis in different areas of Brazil.

  16. Cortical NMDA receptor expression in human chronic alcoholism: influence of the TaqIA allele of ANKK1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ridge, Justin P; Dodd, Peter R

    2009-10-01

    Real-time RT-PCR normalized to GAPDH was used to assay N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunit mRNA in human autopsy cortex tissue from chronic alcoholics with and without comorbid cirrhosis of the liver and matched controls. Subunit expression was influenced by the subject's genotype. The TaqIA polymorphism selectively modulated NMDA receptor mean transcript expression in cirrhotic-alcoholic superior frontal cortex, in diametrically opposite ways in male and female subjects. Genetic make-up may differentially influence vulnerability to brain damage by altering the excitation: inhibition balance, particularly in alcoholics with comorbid cirrhosis of the liver. The TaqIA polymorphism occurs within the poorly characterised ankyrin-repeat containing kinase 1 (ANKK1) gene. Using PCR, ANKK1 mRNA transcript was detected in inferior temporal, occipital, superior frontal and primary motor cortex of control human brain. ANKK1 expression may mediate the influence of the TaqIA polymorphism on phenotype.

  17. Clinical Relevance of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> DNA-Methylation in Serum of Cervical Cancer Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Günther K. Bonn

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available This study was designed to investigate the DNA-methylation status of <em>E>-cadherin (<em>CDH1em> and <em>H>-cadherin (<em>CDH13em> in serum samples of cervical cancer patients and control patients with no malignant diseases and to evaluate the clinical utility of these markers. DNA-methylation status of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> was analyzed by means of MethyLight-technology in serum samples from 49 cervical cancer patients and 40 patients with diseases other than cancer. To compare this methylation analysis with another technique, we analyzed the samples with a denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC PCR-method. The specificity and sensitivity of <em>CDH1em> DNA-methylation measured by MethyLight was 75% and 55%, and for <em>CDH13em> DNA-methylation 95% and 10%. We identified a specificity of 92.5% and a sensitivity of only 27% for the <em>CDH1em> DHPLC-PCR analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that serum <em>CDH1em> methylation-positive patients had a 7.8-fold risk for death (95% CI: 2.2–27.7; <em>p> = 0.001 and a 92.8-fold risk for relapse (95% CI: 3.9–2207.1; <em>p> = 0.005. We concluded that the serological detection of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> DNA-hypermethylation is not an ideal diagnostic tool due to low diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. However, it was validated that <em>CDH1em> methylation analysis in serum samples may be of potential use as a prognostic marker for cervical cancer patients.

  18. O óbito em crianças com diarréia aguda e choque em UTI Risk factors of death in children with diarrhea and shock admitted to the intensive care unit

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    Marcelo B. Brandão

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Descrever características clínicas e epidemiológicas de crianças com diarréia aguda e choque, admitidas em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, e comparar a evolução clínica entre os grupos óbito e sobrevida, identificando fatores associados ao óbito. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, não controlado, no período de fevereiro de 1994 a janeiro de 1998. Os dados epidemiológicos e clínico-evolutivos dos pacientes foram analisados e os grupos de pacientes com sobrevida e com óbito foram comparados. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para variáveis contínuas, e o teste exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas (valores menores que cinco. RESULTADOS: Foram admitidas 71 crianças, com idade entre 0,4 e 13,9 meses. Evoluíram para óbito 15. Baixo peso de nascimento foi encontrado em 18,1% dos pacientes, tempo médio de aleitamento materno de 1,1 mês e de internação de 5,6 dias. Receberam antibióticos 93% das crianças. Necessitaram de ventilação pulmonar mecânica 52/71 crianças, uso de drogas vasoativas 23/70 e uso de bicarbonato de sódio 15/71; estas variáveis estiveram associadas com maior risco de óbito, na análise univariada. No modelo multivariado, permaneceram como significantes o parâmetro droga vasoativa (OR=18,56 e idade menor que três meses (OR=0,10. CONCLUSÕES: A diarréia aguda e choque ocorreram principalmente em crianças com menos de três meses de idade, com apresentação clínica e laboratorial de gravidade. Na evolução clínica, a utilização de terapia de suporte em paciente crítico esteve associada ao óbito, com destaque para o uso de droga vasoativa.BACKGROUND: Describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients diagnosed with acute diarrhea and shock, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, in order to compare the evolution of clinical data between the survival and non-survival groups, thereby identifying the risk factors of death

  19. Efeito de diferentes processamentos sobre o teor de ácido ascórbico em suco de laranja utilizado na elaboração de bolo, pudim e geléia Effect of different processing methods on ascorbic acid content in orange juice used to make cakes, puddings and jelly

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    Patricia Teixeira da Silva

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a estabilidade do ácido ascórbico em suco de laranja cv. "Pêra" utilizado como ingrediente na elaboração de bolos, pudins e geléia. Os bolos e os pudins foram assados em forno convencional e de microondas, e a geléia foi elaborada em tacho aberto. Estas preparações foram submetidas a análises para determinação dos teores de ácido ascórbico e de sólidos solúveis totais, da acidez total titulável e do pH. Os teores de ácido ascórbico em bolos e pudins, quando comparados ao do suco de laranja in natura apresentaram redução de, respectivamente, 76,09% e 41,76%, quando assados em forno de microondas, e de 84,21% e 46,71%, quando assados em forno convencional. A geléia de laranja apresentou redução de 24,86% no teor de ácido ascórbico em relação ao suco de laranja in natura. A cocção de bolos e pudins realizada em forno de microondas proporcionou maior retenção do ácido ascórbico, quando comparada àquela realizada em forno convencional. Estas preparações apresentaram perda superior à da geléia, elaborada em tacho aberto. Foi observado, também, que os bolos perderam mais ácido ascórbico do que os pudins, em ambos os métodos de cocção avaliados.The aim of this study is to analyze the stability of ascorbic acid in orange juice cv. "Pera" used as an ingredient to prepare cakes, puddings and jelly. Cakes and puddings were baked in conventional and microwave ovens and the jelly was prepared in a pan without a lid. Ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, total tritatable acidity and the pH were determined in all prepared foods. The AA content in cakes and puddings, when compared to the content of orange juice in natura had a reduction of 76.09% and 41.76%, respectively when baked in a microwave oven and of 84.21% and 46.71%, when baked in a conventional oven. Orange jelly showed a reduction of 24.76% in the ascorbic acid content related to orange juice in natura

  20. Estudo da radiosensibilidade ao 60CO do Vibrio cholerae O1 incorporado em ostras

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    Ivany R de Moraes

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da radiação ionizante por 60CO na eliminação de Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa, não-toxigênico, incorporados laboratorialmente em ostras vivas da espécie Crassostrea brasiliana. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas amostras de ostras provenientes de Cananéia (litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil, as quais foram contaminadas com Vibrio cholerae e irradiadas com doses de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diminuições significativas do número inicial do microrganismo indicado: de 3,4.10(7 para 10³ e 10², respectivamente. Os valores de D10 correspondentes foram de 0,173 a 0,235. CONCLUSÃO: Adotando-se o fator 6 como nível de segurança, conclui-se que a dose de irradiação de 1,41 kGy é necessária para eliminar números elevados de células viáveis de V. cholerae em ostras. Os experimentos foram realizados com os controles respectivos.

  1. Estudo da radiosensibilidade ao 60CO do Vibrio cholerae O1 incorporado em ostras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moraes Ivany R de

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da radiação ionizante por 60CO na eliminação de Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa, não-toxigênico, incorporados laboratorialmente em ostras vivas da espécie Crassostrea brasiliana. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas amostras de ostras provenientes de Cananéia (litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil, as quais foram contaminadas com Vibrio cholerae e irradiadas com doses de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diminuições significativas do número inicial do microrganismo indicado: de 3,4.10(7 para 10³ e 10², respectivamente. Os valores de D10 correspondentes foram de 0,173 a 0,235. CONCLUSÃO: Adotando-se o fator 6 como nível de segurança, conclui-se que a dose de irradiação de 1,41 kGy é necessária para eliminar números elevados de células viáveis de V. cholerae em ostras. Os experimentos foram realizados com os controles respectivos.

  2. Lateral and vertical manipulations of single atoms on the Ag(1 1 1) surface with the copper single-atom and trimer-apex tips

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Yiqun; Yang Tianxing; Ye Xiang; Huang Lei

    2011-01-01

    We study the lateral and vertical manipulations of single Ag and Cu atoms on the Ag(1 1 1) surface with the Cu single-atom and trimer-apex tips using molecular statics simulations. The reliability of the lateral manipulation with the Cu single-atom tip is investigated, and compared with that for the Ag tips. We find that overall the manipulation reliability (MR) increases with the decreasing tip height, and in a wide tip-height range the MR is better than those for both the Ag single-atom and trimer-apex tips. This is due to the stronger attractive force of the Cu tip and its better stability against the interactions with the Ag surface. With the Cu trimer-apex tip, the single Ag and Cu adatoms can be picked up from the flat Ag(1 1 1) surface, and moreover a reversible vertical manipulation of single Ag atoms on the stepped Ag(1 1 1) surface is possible, suggesting a method to modify two-dimensional Ag nanostructures on the Ag(1 1 1) surface with the Cu trimer-apex tip.

  3. Azafenidin: novo herbicida para o controle de plantas daninhas em Eucalyptus camaldulensis Azafenidin: a new herbicide for weed control in Eucalyptus camaldulensis

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    J. Constantin

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Um experimento de campo foi conduzido em Presidente Castelo Branco-PR, com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade do herbicida azafenidin para a cultura de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, assim como sua eficácia no controle de algumas plantas daninhas infestantes nessa cultura. Azafenidin foi aplicado nas doses de 300, 400, 500 600 e 800 g i.a. ha-1, em pré-emergencia das plantas daninhas. Tratamentos adicionais, incluindo oxyfluorfen (720 g i.a. ha-1, uma testemunha capinada e outra testemunha sem capina, foram também incluídos. Tanto azafenidin quanto oxyfluorfen provocaram sintomas de toxicidade na cultura; no primeiro, as injúrias foram mais intensas em doses ³ 600 g i.a. ha-1. Em relação ao controle de plantas daninhas, doses de azafenidin a partir de 500 g i.a. ha-1 foram efetivas no controle de Brachiaria decumbens, Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis e Sida santaremnensis, mesmo 180 dias após a aplicação. Doses menores de azafenidin resultaram em controle suficiente da maioria das plantas daninhas, mas com menor efeito residual.A field experiment was conducted at Presidente Castelo Branco, PR, Brazil, to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide azafenidin to the crop Eucalyptus camaldulensis, as well as its efficacy to control some infesting weeds in this crop. Azafenidin was applied under pre-emergence conditions, at rates of 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800 g a.i. ha-1. Additional treatments, including oxyfluorfen (720 g a.i. ha-1, a weed free and a weeded check plots were also included. Both azafenidin and oxyflluorfen caused crop symptoms of phytotoxicity, with injuries being more intense for azafenidin at rates ³ 600 g a.i. ha-1. For weed control, rates of azafenidin at 500 g a.i. ha-1 or higher were effective in controlling Brachiaria decumbens, Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis and Sida santaremnensis, even at 180 days after application. Lower rates of azafenidin provided enough control of most weeds, but

  4. Conservação refrigerada de cherimóia embalada em filme plástico com zeolite Cold storage of cherimoya packed with zeolit film

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    Marcelo Rosa Melo

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da embalagem plástica "zeolite" no retardamento da maturação de cherimóias, mantidas sob armazenamento refrigerado, colheram-se frutos de cherimóia (Annona cherimola Mill., cv. Fino de Jete, de pomar comercial de Conceição dos Ouros (MG, no início de março de 2000. Selecionaram-se frutos de boa qualidade, os quais foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: a embalados com filme de polietileno coextrusado com incorporação de mineral tipo zeólito (zeolite e b controle (sem filme plástico. Os frutos foram colocados em caixas de papelão e submetidos ao armazenamento refrigerado (12 ± 1 ºC; 90% a 95% de umidade relativa - UR no Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas (SP. Avaliaram-se nos frutos: a perda de massa, a coloração externa, a aparência e a firmeza. Determinaram-se na polpa, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST, o pH, o teor de acidez total titulável (ATT e a relação SST/ATT, ao longo de quatro semanas. Observou-se que os frutos do controle começaram a apresentar alterações físicas e químicas a partir do intervalo entre a segunda e a terceira semana de avaliação, apresentando-se consideravelmente depreciados na terceira semana, enquanto o tratamento com "zeolite" proporcionou melhor conservação dos frutos, até a quarta e última avaliação, tanto no aspecto estético, quanto nos atributos internos. Concluiu-se que os frutos não embalados podem ser conservados até por duas semanas em câmara a 12 ºC e 90% a 95% de UR e os embalados em "zeolite", mantidos sob essa temperatura até por quatro semanas.Fruits of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill. cv. Fino of Jete were harvested from an orchard situated in Conceição dos Ouros - MG, Brazil, in March 2000. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the post harvest conservation of fruits packed with zeolite films. Fruits with better quality were selected and divided into two treatments: a packed with polyethylene coextrused

  5. Mistura em tanque de boro e herbicidas em semeadura convencional de girassol Tank-mix of boron and herbicides on conventional sunflower sowing

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    C. Castro

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste experimento foi avaliar a resposta do girassol às aplicações de boro (B, isoladas ou em mistura com herbicidas, e o controle de plantas daninhas por meio de experimento conduzido na Embrapa Soja, Londrina-PR. Os tratamentos foram acetochlor (1,92 kg i.a. ha-1, oxyfluorfen (0,36 kg i.a. ha-1, sulfentrazone (0,35 kg i.a.ha-1, trifluralin (1,80 kg i.a. ha-1 e as testemunhas capinada e sem capina. Todos os tratamentos foram aplicados, isoladamente ou em mistura, com 2 kg ha-1 de B (Na2B4O7.10H2 0 - bórax e H3BO3 - ácido bórico. O tratamento mais eficiente foi acetochlor mais ácido bórico; essa combinação resultou em solução mais homogênea da calda de pulverização, quando comparada com os herbicidas mais bórax. O herbicida acetochlor aplicado isoladamente ou em mistura com as duas fontes de B foi eficiente no controle da trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis, do picão-preto (Bidens pilosa e da corda-de-viola (Ipomoea grandifolia. Os herbicidas oxyfluorfen e sulfentrazone, aplicados isoladamente ou em misturas com as duas fontes de B, foram eficientes no controle do amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla e da corda-de-viola, respectivamente. É viável a aplicação de boro juntamente com os herbicidas testados nesta pesquisa em mistura em tanque, evitando a deficiência desse micronutriente e controlando as plantas daninhas na cultura do girassol.The objectives of this study were to determine the response of sunflower to application of boron (B fertilizer and herbicides, alone or in combination, and to determine its weed control. A field experiment was carried out at Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. The treatments were acetochlor (1.92 kg a.i. ha-1, oxyfluorfen (0.36 kg a.i. ha-1, sulfentrazone (0.35 kg a.i. ha-1, trifluralin (1.80 kg a.i. ha-1 and two controls (with and without hoeing. All treatments were applied alone or in combination with 2 kg ha-1 of B (Na2B4O7.10H2 0 - borax and H3BO3 - boric acid

  6. Rates and progenitors of type Ia supernovae

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wood-Vasey, William Michael [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

    2004-01-01

    analyzing the true sensitivity of a multi-epoch supernova search and finds a Type Ia supernova rate from z ~ 0.01-0.1 of rV = 4.26$+1.39 +0.10\\atop{-1.93 -0.10}$h3 x 10-4 SNe Ia/yr/Mpc3 from a preliminary analysis of a subsample of the SNfactory prototype search. Several unusual supernovae were found in the course of the SNfactory prototype search. One in particular, SN 2002ic, was the first SN Ia to exhibit convincing evidence for a circumstellar medium and offers valuable insight into the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.

  7. Rates and progenitors of type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wood-Vasey, William Michael

    2004-01-01

    analyzing the true sensitivity of a multi-epoch supernova search and finds a Type Ia supernova rate from z ∼ 0.01-0.1 of r V = 4.26 -1.93 -0.10 +1.39 +0.10 h 3 x 10 -4 SNe Ia/yr/Mpc 3 from a preliminary analysis of a subsample of the SNfactory prototype search. Several unusual supernovae were found in the course of the SNfactory prototype search. One in particular, SN 2002ic, was the first SN Ia to exhibit convincing evidence for a circumstellar medium and offers valuable insight into the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae

  8. Ronco habitual e apnéia obstrutiva observada em adultos: estudo de base populacional, Pelotas, RS Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in adults: population-based study in Southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo B Noal

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de ronco habitual e apnéia obstrutiva observada e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 3.136 adultos, com 20 anos ou mais, residentes em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2005. Informações sobre os desfechos e variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e antropométricas foram coletadas por meio de questionário. A análise estatística bruta e ajustada foi realizada utilizando-se teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de tendência linear e regressão de Poisson, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A prevalência encontrada de ronco habitual foi de 50,5% (IC 95%: 48,1;52,8 e de apnéia obstrutiva de 9,9% (IC 95%: 8,7;11,2. Na análise ajustada, o relato de ronco foi maior nos homens (Razão de Prevalências - RP=1,25; IC 95%: 1,16;1,34, nos idosos (RP=1,62; IC 95%: 1,46;1,80, nos tabagistas (RP=1,15; IC 95%: 1,07;1,25, nos alcoolistas (RP=1,17; IC 95%: 1,03;1,31 e nos obesos (RP 1,71, IC95% 1,55;1,88. O relato de apnéia obstrutiva foi maior nos homens (RP=2,05; IC 95%: 1,67;2,52, nos idosos (RP=2,23; IC 95%: 1,64;3,03, nos tabagistas (RP=1,60; IC 95%: 1,25;2,05 e nos obesos (RP=2,61; IC 95%: 1,97;3,47. CONCLUSÕES: Ronco habitual e apnéia obstrutiva foram sintomas comuns na população estudada. Fatores de risco conhecidos como sexo masculino e idade entre quarta e quinta décadas de vida não são modificáveis. Entretanto, tabagismo, alcoolismo e obesidade também associados aos desfechos, devem ser identificados e tratados na população geral.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea and their factors associated. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample comprising 3,136 adults (>20 years living in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2005. A questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and anthropometric variables and outcomes. Crude and adjusted

  9. Bases das escolas Européia Norte e Americana, perante a cultura contábil e a proposta neopatrimonialista

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    Antônio Lopes de Sá

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available Como entender a matéria contábil, o método que se emprega para estudá-la, o respeito às tradições históricas como conquistas já feitas, as grandes finalidades desse conhecimento, em suma, como possuir uma visão realista e verdadeira sobre os fenômenos da riqueza individualizada é o que caracteriza uma "escola científica de Contabilidade". Diversos desses núcleos se formaram e ainda se formam, não só no setor contábil, mas, em todas as ciências, sempre em torno de lideranças, quer de pensadores, quer de grupos interessados em manipular idéias. Algumas escolas, todavia, basearam-se apenas no consenso de grupos e se ataram a um raciocínio pragmático. Por serem diferentes as concepções e os efeitos do tratamento que se tem dado à Contabilidade, as principais distinções de entendimento encontram-se, na atualidade, entre as escolas norte-americanas, pragmáticas e as européias, científicas. No Brasil a corrente científica do neopatrimonialismo oferece novas propostas em suas bases, mas, mantendo a fidelidade com as raízes latinas do conhecimento contábil.

  10. Mobilidade e persistência de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência em diferentes solos Mobility and persistence of herbicides applied in pre-emergence on different soils

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P.A. Monquero

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste ensaio foi verificar a mobilidade e persistência de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência em diferentes solos e quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar. Os herbicidas ametryn + clomazone (1.500 + 1.000 g i.a. ha-1, isoxaflutole (187,5 g i.a. ha-1 e diuron + hexazinone (1.170 + 330 g i.a. ha-1 foram aplicados em solo com textura argilosa e média nas seguintes condições: aplicação sobre 10 e 15 t ha-1 de palha com posterior simulação de chuva; simulação de chuva sobre o solo seguida da aplicação dos herbicidas, sendo coberto posteriormente com palha seca (10 t ha-1; aplicação dos herbicidas no solo sem palha; e testemunha. Aos 10, 20, 40 e 60 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas (DAA, foram semeados como bioindicadores sorgo e pepino, que foram avaliados com relação à fitotoxicidade aos 21 dias após emergência. A mistura ametryn + clomazone aplicada diretamente no solo controlou o bioindicador até 40 DAA, entretanto, após esse período, o efeito residual foi menor. A palha de cana-de-açúcar afetou negativamente o desempenho deste produto. O herbicida isoxaflutole aplicado diretamente no solo apresentou efeito residual até 60 DAA, com 82,5 e 77,5% de controle do bioindicador, em solos com textura argilosa e média, respectivamente; a presença de 10 e 15 t ha-1 de palha não alterou sua eficácia até 20 DAA. Para diuron + hexazinone aplicados no solo sem a presença de palha, verificou-se persistência até 60 DAA, principalmente em solo com textura argilosa; a deposição de 15 t ha-1 de palha reduziu a eficácia desta mistura.The objective of this work was to verify the mobility and persistence of herbicides applied in pre-emergence on different soils and amounts of sugarcane straw. The herbicides ametryn + clomazone (1,500 + 1,000 g i.a. ha-1, isoxaflutole (187,5 g.i.a. ha-1 and diuron + hexazinone (1,170 + 330 g i.a. ha-1 were applied in soil with clayey and medium texture under the following

  11. Microstructure analyses and thermoelectric properties of Ag1−xPb18Sb1+yTe20

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perlt, S.; Höche, Th.; Dadda, J.; Müller, E.; Bauer Pereira, P.; Hermann, R.; Sarahan, M.; Pippel, E.; Brydson, R.

    2012-01-01

    This study reports microstructural investigations of long-term annealed Ag 1−x Pb m Sb 1+y Te 2+m (m=18, x=y=0, hereinafter referred to as AgPb 18 SbTe 20 ) (Lead–Antimony–Silver–Tellurium, LAST-18) as well as of Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 , i.e. Ag-deficient and Sb-excess LAST-18 (x≠0,y≠0), respectively. Two different length scales are explored. The micrometer scale was evaluated by SEM to analyze the volume fraction and the number of secondary phases as well as the impact of processing parameters on the homogeneity of bulk samples. For AgPb 18 SbTe 20 , site-specific FIB liftout of TEM lamellae from thermoelectrically characterized samples was accomplished to investigate the structure on the nanometer scale. High-resolution TEM and energy-filtered TEM were performed to reveal shape and size distribution of nanoprecipitates, respectively. A hypothesis concerning the structure–property relationship is set out within the frame of a gradient annealing experiment. This study is completed by results dealing with inhomogeneities on the micrometer scale of Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 and its electronic properties. Highlights: ► SEM and TEM microstructure investigation of long-term annealed AgPb 18 SbTe 20 . ► SEM and thermoelectric studies on Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 . ► Discussion concerning structure–property relationship in long-term annealed AgPb 18 SbTe 20 . ► Correlation between Ag 1−x Pb 18 Sb 1+y Te 20 microscale structure and electronic properties.

  12. GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma: A meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fengfeng Wu

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The association between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma is controversial according to previously published studies. We conducted this meta-analysis to further investigate the role of GSTP1 A>G genetic variation in response to chemotherapy resistance in patients with osteosarcoma. Using the electronic databases of Pubmed, Wanfang and CNIK were searched to find the studies related to the GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma. The genotype of AA, AG and GG were extracted from the chemotherapy sensitivity and chemotherapy resistance group. The association between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity was calculated by STATA11.0 software. The correlation between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemotherapy response was assessed by odds ratio (OR and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI. Four studies with 681 cases were finally included in this meta-analysis. The pooled data indicated that there was no significant association between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity in patients with osteosarcoma [Homozygous genetic model (GG vs AA: OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.25-1.12, P=0.10; recessive genetic model (GG vs GA+AA: OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.34-1.11,P=0.11; and dominant genetic model (GG+AG vs AA: OR=0.67, 95%CI:0.42-1.07,P=0.10]. No correlation between GSTP1 A>G polymorphism and chemosensitivity was found according to this present meta-analysis. However, the small number of cases in each included study and significant statistical heterogeneity among the trials means the conclusion should be regarded as conservative.

  13. Type Ia Supernova Cosmology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leibundgut, B.; Sullivan, M.

    2018-03-01

    The primary agent for Type Ia supernova cosmology is the uniformity of their appearance. We present the current status, achievements and uncertainties. The Hubble constant and the expansion history of the universe are key measurements provided by Type Ia supernovae. They were also instrumental in showing time dilation, which is a direct observational signature of expansion. Connections to explosion physics are made in the context of potential improvements of the quality of Type Ia supernovae as distance indicators. The coming years will see large efforts to use Type Ia supernovae to characterise dark energy.

  14. Zinc transporter-8 autoantibodies can replace IA-2 autoantibodies as a serological marker for juvenile onset type 1 diabetes in India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C Shivaprasad

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8 is an islet cell secretory granule membrane protein recently identified as an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A in juvenile onset T1D and to determine the utility of ZnT8A as an independent marker of autoimmunity either alone in antibody-negative subjects or in conjunction with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD and insulinoma-2 antigen antibodies (GADA and IA2A. Research Design: ZnT8A, GADA, and IA2A were measured in sera of consecutive T1D patients (n = 88, age range 2-18 years within 4 years of diagnosis and 88 sex-matched controls. Results: The prevalences of GADA, ZnT8a, and IA2A were 64.7%, 31.8% and 19.3%, respectively. In newly diagnosed patients, the frequency of ZnT8A was 45%. ZnT8A were positive in 26% of patients negative for both GADA and IA2A. IA2A were positive only in two patients who were negative for other two antibodies. Combined use of ZnT8A and GADA could detect 97% of antibody positive patients. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC analysis, the performances of GADA and ZnT8As were better than that of IA2A; and AUCs of GADA, ZnT8A, and IA2A for the prediction of T1D were 0.8, 0.65, and 0.59, respectively. Conclusions: ZnT8A complements GADA and increases the diagnostic sensitivity for detection of autoimmunity in juvenile-onset T1D. Inclusion of ZnT8A increases the proportion of patients with antibody positivity to nearly 80%. ZnT8A can replace IA2A as a serological marker for autoimmunity in Indian T1D patients without loss of sensitivity and specificity.

  15. Type-Ia Supernova Rates and the Progenitor Problem: A Review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maoz, D.; Mannucci, F.

    2012-01-01

    The identity of the progenitor systems of type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a major unsolved problem in astrophysics. SN Ia rates are providing some striking clues. We review the basics of SN rate measurement, preach about some sins of SN rate measurement and analysis, and illustrate one of these sins with an analogy about Martian scientists. We review the recent progress in measuring SN Ia rates in various environments and redshifts, and their use to reconstruct the SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD) - the SN rate versus time that would follow a hypothetical brief burst of star formation. A good number of DTD measurements, using a variety of methods, appear to be converging. At delays 1measurements show a similar, ~t-1, power-law shape. The DTD peaks at the shortest delays probed. This result supports the idea of a double-degenerate progenitor origin for SNe Ia. Single-degenerate progenitors may still play a role in producing short-delay SNe Ia, or perhaps all SNe Ia, if the red-giant donor channel is more efficient than is found by most theoretical models. The DTD normalization enjoys fairly good agreement (though perhaps some tension), among the various measurements, with a Hubble time-integrated DTD value of about 2+/-1 SNe Ia per 1000Msolar (stellar mass formed with a low-mass turnover initial mass function). The local WD binary population suggests that the WD merger rate can explain the Galactic SN Ia rate, but only if sub-Chandra mergers lead to SN Ia events. We point to some future directions that should lead to progress in the field, including measurement of the bivariate (delay and stretch) SN Ia response function.

  16. Prepubertal growth in congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia)

    OpenAIRE

    Kjaergaard, S; Muller, J; Skovby, F

    2002-01-01

    Aims: To delineate the pattern of growth in prepubertal children with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) in order to identify critical period(s) and possible cause(s) of growth failure.

  17. Reliable lateral manipulation of a single Ag adatom on a Ag(1 1 1) surface with a trimer-apex tip

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Yiqun; Shi Wangzhou; Du Guoping

    2009-01-01

    We study the reliability of the lateral manipulation of a single Ag adatom on a Ag(1 1 1) surface with the single-atom and trimer-apex tips based on molecular statics simulations using surface embedded-atom-method potential. The dependence of the manipulation reliability on tip height and orientation is investigated. For the single-atom tip the manipulation reliability increases monotonically with decreasing tip height, which is owing to the strengthened lateral tip-adatom interaction as the tip height lowers. For the trimer-apex tip, the manipulation reliability is sensitive to the tip orientation in the lower tip-height range, while in the higher tip-height range the manipulation reliability is independent of the tip orientation and moreover can be greatly improved due to the strong vertical attraction of the tip on the adatom as compared to the single-atom tip. We also compare these results to those for manipulating single Cu adatoms on the Cu(1 1 1) surface, reveal the underlying physics, and propose the method to improve the manipulation reliability for different systems.

  18. Individuação e Humanismo Técnico em Simondon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sávio Laterce

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Nossa idéia é apresentar inicialmente a idéia de indivíduo e individuação técnica, avaliar comoé possível perceber em Simondon um humanismo que não se viu teorizado até hoje por quaisquer das múltiplas vertentes humanistas da história da filosofia. É de um humanismo sem centralidade humana (pois fala-se de um homem em simbiose com a máquina, mas que pode ser fortemente emancipador para a humanidade, que será nomeado aqui de humanismo técnico.

  19. Teores foliares de nutrientes em mudas do abacaxizeiro ‘smooth cayenne’ em resposta à adubação Leaf nutrient contents on ´smooth cayenne´ planting material as response to fertilization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruimário Inácio Coelho

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Mudas do abacaxizeiro ‘Smooth Cayenne’ obtidas por seccionamento de caule foram submetidas à adubação foliar com soluções em diferentes concentrações de uréia, KCl e H3BO3, em pulverizações semanais, num total de vinte e seis para a uréia e o KCl e aplicações mensais num total de quatro, para o H3BO3. Todos os tratamentos foram iniciados na nona semana após o plantio das secções. O delineamento utilizado foi fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/553, com três tipos de adubo (uréia, KCl e H3BO3 e cinco concentrações num total de 25 tratamentos. Cada parcela constituiu-se de 50 secções. Os tratamentos consistiram nas combinações das seguintes concentrações em g L-1: 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5 e 10 para a uréia e o KCl, e 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5 e 2,0 de H3BO3. Análises das amostras de folhas “D” revelam efeitos da uréia e H3BO3 sobre os teores foliares de S, Cl e B e efeito do KCL sobre K e Cl foliar. A uréia não apresentou efeito sobre o teor de N foliar, porém influencia significativamente o conteúdo de N nas mudas.‘Smooth Cayenne’ planting material obtained through stem sectioning were trea-ted with foliar fertilization with different concentrations of urea, KCl, in weekly pulverizations, and H3BO4, totalizing twenty-six for urea and KCL pulverizations and four for H3BO3, which was applied monthly The treatments were began nine weeks after planting thestem sections. The experimental scheme was a fractionated factorial (1/55³ with three types of fertilizers (urea, KCl and H3BO3 and five concentrations in a total of 25 treatments. There were 50 sections per plot. Treatments were a combination of concentrations in g L-1: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 of urea and KCl, and 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2,0 of H3BO3. Sample analyses of ‘D’ leaves showed urea and H3BO3 effect on S, Cl and B leaf contents whereas KCL affected leaf K and Cl contents. Urea did not affect N leaf content, however it strongly influenced N content in planting material.

  20. The chimeric transcript RUNX1-GLRX5: a biomarker for good postoperative prognosis in Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishikawa, Rie; Amano, Yosuke; Kawakami, Masanori; Sunohara, Mitsuhiro; Watanabe, Kousuke; Kage, Hidenori; Ohishi, Nobuya; Yatomi, Yutaka; Nakajima, Jun; Fukayama, Masashi; Nagase, Takahide; Takai, Daiya

    2016-02-01

    Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer cases have been recognized as having a low risk of relapse; however, occasionally, relapse may occur. To predict clinical outcome in Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients, we searched for chimeric transcripts that can be used as biomarkers and identified a novel chimeric transcript, RUNX1-GLRX5, comprising RUNX1, a transcription factor, and GLRX5. This chimera was detected in approximately half of the investigated Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients (44/104 cases, 42.3%). Although there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between RUNX1-GLRX5-positive and -negative cases (P = 0.088), a significantly lower relapse rate was observed in the RUNX1-GLRX5-positive cases (P = 0.039), indicating that this chimera can be used as a biomarker for good prognosis in Stage IA patients. Detection of the RUNX1-GLRX5 chimeric transcript may therefore be useful for the determination of a postoperative treatment plan for Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer patients. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

  1. Characteristics of the total disintegration of Ag and Br nuclei by 22Ne and 28Si nuclei with momentum in the range 4.1-4.5A GeV/c

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1992-01-01

    Data on the total disintegration of Ag and Br nuclei induced by 22 Ne and 28 Si nuclei with momentum 4.1-4.5A GeV/c are presented. The experimental results obtained are compared with the analogous data for lighter projectile nuclei at the same momentum per nucleon. It is shown that the characteristics of events with total disintegration of Ag and Br and events generated on an 'average' emulsion nucleus (A p -Em events) differ considerably

  2. Relação entre hipertensão arterial sistêmica e síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cavallari Fransérgio E.M.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS e a Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS são doenças prevalentes na população mundial e, embora despertem interesse na comunidade médica, não têm fisiopatologia e mecanismos pelo qual produzem suas complicações completamente elucidados. A SAOS está cada vez mais relacionada a patologias cardiovasculares, principalmente à hipertensão, que é prevalente em pacientes com SAOS. Objetivo: Em nosso estudo, objetivamos avaliar as alterações encontradas na presença de HAS em pacientes portadores de SAOS. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo randomizado. Material e método: Estudamos uma população de pacientes do Ambulatório de Ronco e Apnéia do HC FMRP - USP, de fevereiro de 1999 a fevereiro de 2002, em um total de 42, sendo 30 (71,42% pacientes homens e 12 (28,58% mulheres, com idades de 21 a 77 anos (média de 45,3, dp = 9,372706, todos com diagnóstico de SAOS confirmado pela polissonografia, divididos em dois grupos de 21 pacientes com SAOS (controle e 21 com SAOS e HAS. Avaliamos as escalas de Epworth, Ronco e Sonolência nos dois grupos, além do uso da polissonografia para estudo objetivo. Resultado: Não encontramos diferença estatística entre os grupos na comparação dos resultados das escalas, mesmo tendo o grupo de hipertensos médias maiores. Ao avaliarmos objetivamente os pacientes com a polissonografia, levando em conta o IDR, há estatística significante (p=0,0326, com os hipertensos apresentando médias maiores. Vendo a proporção nos grupos, há predomínio de pacientes com apnéia moderada e grave entre os hipertensos, e leve entre os do controle. Conclusão: Concluindo, a concomitância entre HAS e SAOS representa fator agravante no grau da apnéia.

  3. Arrowroot as a treatment for diarrhoea in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a pilot study Araruta como um tratamento para a diarréia em pacientes com síndrome do intestino irritável: um estudo piloto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline COOKE

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Objectives - Arrowroot is an old-fashioned remedy for diarrhoea, but no clinical studies have been done to evaluate its effectiveness. The aim of this pilot study was to assess its efficacy as a treatment for diarrhoea in 11 patients, all of whom had irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea as a feature. Methods - The patients were interviewed and a questionnaire completed on entry into the trial. They then took 10 mL arrowroot powder three times a day for one month and discontinued the treatment for the subsequent month. Questionnaires were completed after one month on treatment and at the end of the trial after one month off treatment. Results - Arrowroot reduced diarrhoea and had a long-term effect on constipation. It also eased abdominal pain. Conclusion - Arrowroot is an effective treatment for diarrhoea. Its action could be explained by several theories which relate to an increase in faecal bulk and thus a more efficient bowel action. The number of patients was small, and further studies are needed to substantiate preliminary results.Objetivos - Araruta é um antigo (absoleto remédio usado para a diarréia, porém estudos clínicos não têm sido realizados para avaliar sua efetividade. O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi avaliar sua eficácia como um tratamento para diarréia em 11 pacientes, todos eles portadores de síndrome do intestino irritável, com diarréia, como uma manifestação clínica. Métodos - Os pacientes foram entrevistados e um questionário foi preenchido à admissão no estudo (protocolo. Em seguida, receberam 10 mL de araruta em pó, três vezes ao dia durante um mês e descontinuaram este tratamento no mês subseqüente. Os questionários foram preenchidos após o mês de tratamento e ao fim do estudo após o mês de abstinência. Resultados - Araruta reduziu a diarréia e manteve um efeito de constipação por longo prazo. Ela também aliviou a dor abdominal. Conclusão - Araruta é um efetivo tratamento para diarréia

  4. Identification of EhTIF-IA: The putative E. histolytica orthologue of the human ribosomal RNA transcription initiation factor-IA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Srivastava, Ankita; Bhattacharya, Alok; Bhattacharya, Sudha; Jhingan, Gagan Deep

    2016-03-01

    Initiation of rDNA transcription requires the assembly of a specific multi-protein complex at the rDNA promoter containing the RNA Pol I with auxiliary factors. One of these factors is known as Rrn3P in yeast and Transcription Initiation Factor IA (TIF-IA) in mammals. Rrn3p/TIF-IA serves as a bridge between RNA Pol I and the pre-initiation complex at the promoter. It is phosphorylated at multiple sites and is involved in regulation of rDNA transcription in a growth-dependent manner. In the early branching parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica, the rRNA genes are present exclusively on circular extra chromosomal plasmids. The protein factors involved in regulation of rDNA transcription in E. histolytica are not known. We have identified the E. histolytica equivalent of TIF-1A (EhTIF-IA) by homology search within the database and was further cloned and expressed. Immuno-localization studies showed that EhTIF-IA co-localized partially with fibrillarin in the peripherally localized nucleolus. EhTIF-IA was shown to interact with the RNA Pol I-specific subunit RPA12 both in vivo and in vitro. Mass spectroscopy data identified RNA Pol I-specific subunits and other nucleolar proteins to be the interacting partners of EhTIF-IA. Our study demonstrates for the first time a conserved putative RNA Pol I transcription factor TIF-IA in E. histolytica.

  5. Clues on Type Ia Supernovae Progenitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piersanti, Luciano; Tornambe, Amedeo

    2005-01-01

    We show that in the framework of canonical stellar evolution it is hard, if not impossible, to determine the growth in mass of a CO White Dwarf, up to the Chandrasekhar limit by means of mass transfer from its companion in a binary system. This is the case either if matter is accreted from a normal companion with an H-rich envelope or if direct CO accretion occurs from a CO WD companion. At variance, we show that if the effects of rotation are taken into account in modeling the accretion process, a CO WD can increase its mass at the expenses of the degenerate CO companion up and beyond 1.4 M· , so that an explosive event of the type Ia class is naturally produced. This theoretical finding revives the Double Degenerate scenario for type Ia SNe progenitors. In such a case the internal spread in the observational properties of type Ia SNe may be interpreted as a consequence of different total masses; hence differences between SNe Ia in nearby elliptical galaxies and the majority of those in spirals should be expected and the current use of type Ia SNe as cosmological distance indicators should be justified

  6. Chaves dicotómicas ilustradas: sua aplicação à reserva botânica de Tróia

    OpenAIRE

    Aurélio, José Manuel

    2009-01-01

    A disciplina de Ciências Naturais constitui um espaço privilegiado para o desenvolvimento de actividades que possam usar a biodiversidade vegetal como recurso para a educação ambiental, em virtude de nela serem abordados muitos conteúdos da área do Ambiente, em geral, e da Ecologia em particular. Esta dissertação, ao utilizar como pano de fundo a Reserva Botânica das Dunas de Tróia (RBT) pretende contribuir para a sua conservação/gestão e perspectivá-la em termos de educação ambiental nas ...

  7. A Goal Programming Model for the Siting of Multilevel EMS Systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1980-03-01

    Management," unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 1971. -23- (11) Daskin , M. and E. Stern, " A Multiobjective Set Covering...GOAL PROGRAM4MING MODEL FOR THE SITING OF MULTILEVEL EMS SYSTE-ETC(U) UNM1AR 80 A CHARNES, J E STORBECK N000iA-75-C-569 WICLASSIFIED CCS-366 N...366 A GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE SITING OF MULTILEVEL EMS SYSTEMS by A . Charnes J. Storbeck March 1980 This project was partially supported by

  8. THE LOCAL HOSTS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neill, James D.; Martin, D. Christopher; Barlow, Tom A.; Foster, Karl; Friedman, Peter G.; Morrissey, Patrick; Wyder, Ted K.; Sullivan, Mark; Howell, D. Andrew; Conley, Alex; Seibert, Mark; Madore, Barry F.; Neff, Susan G.; Schiminovich, David; Bianchi, Luciana; Donas, Jose; Milliard, Bruno; Heckman, Timothy M.; Lee, Young-Wook; Rich, R. Michael

    2009-01-01

    We use multi-wavelength, matched aperture, integrated photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the RC3 to estimate the physical properties of 166 nearby galaxies hosting 168 well-observed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The ultraviolet (UV) imaging of local SN Ia hosts from GALEX allows a direct comparison with higher-redshift hosts measured at optical wavelengths that correspond to the rest-frame UV. Our data corroborate well-known features that have been seen in other SN Ia samples. Specifically, hosts with active star formation produce brighter and slower SNe Ia on average, and hosts with luminosity-weighted ages older than 1 Gyr produce on average more faint, fast, and fewer bright, slow SNe Ia than younger hosts. New results include that in our sample, the faintest and fastest SNe Ia occur only in galaxies exceeding a stellar mass threshold of ∼10 10 M sun , leading us to conclude that their progenitors must arise in populations that are older and/or more metal rich than the general SN Ia population. A low host extinction subsample hints at a residual trend in peak luminosity with host age, after correcting for light-curve shape, giving the appearance that older hosts produce less-extincted SNe Ia on average. This has implications for cosmological fitting of SNe Ia, and suggests that host age could be useful as a parameter in the fitting. Converting host mass to metallicity and computing 56 Ni mass from the supernova light curves, we find that our local sample is consistent with a model that predicts a shallow trend between stellar metallicity and the 56 Ni mass that powers the explosion, but we cannot rule out the absence of a trend. We measure a correlation between 56 Ni mass and host age in the local universe that is shallower and not as significant as that seen at higher redshifts. The details of the age- 56 Ni mass correlations at low and higher redshift imply a luminosity-weighted age threshold of ∼3 Gyr

  9. Eletromiograma de superfície durante stress experimental como subsídio no diagnóstico da cefaléia tensional: resultados em 100 casos Surface scalp and neck electromyography with stress as diagnostic criterion in chronic tension headache: results in 100 cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ceme Ferreira Jordy

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available Eletromiograma de superfície foi realizado no crânio e pescoço, durante stress provocado por frio, em 100 pacientes sofrendo cefaléia crônica isolada. Os resultados de diagnóstico obtidos com a eletromiografia revelaram erro de 24% a 32% na avaliação clínica da cefaléia tensional segundo os critérios anamnésicos referendados pelo Comitê de Classificação das Cefaléias, da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléia (1988. A eletromiografia durante stress é proposta como novo critério de diagnóstico da Cefaléia tensional.We report the use of surface scalp and neck electromyography during experimental stress state in a series of 100 out-patients suffering from chronic tension headache. Results revealed a 24% to 32% of diagnostic errors in the diagnostic obtained by routine anamnestic procedures and following the criteria recommended by the Headache Classification Commitee of the International Headache Society (1988. The electromyography with stress is proposed as a new diagnostic criterion for tension headache.

  10. PROMPT Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DELAYED

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raskin, Cody; Scannapieco, Evan; Rhoads, James; Della Valle, Massimo

    2009-01-01

    The time delay between the formation of a population of stars and the onset of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sets important limits on the masses and nature of SN Ia progenitors. Here, we use a new observational technique to measure this time delay by comparing the spatial distributions of SNe Ia to their local environments. Previous work attempted such analyses encompassing the entire host of each SN Ia, yielding inconclusive results. Our approach confines the analysis only to the relevant portions of the hosts, allowing us to show that even so-called prompt SNe Ia that trace star formation on cosmic timescales exhibit a significant delay time of 200-500 million years. This implies that either the majority of Ia companion stars have main-sequence masses less than 3 M sun , or that most SNe Ia arise from double white dwarf binaries. Our results are also consistent with a SNe Ia rate that traces the white dwarf formation rate, scaled by a fixed efficiency factor.

  11. Substituição do Milho pela Farinha de Mandioca de Varredura em Dietas de Cabras em Lactação: Fermentação Ruminal e Concentrações de Uréia Plasmática e no Leite Replacement of Corn by Cassava By-Product Meal in the Lactating Goat Diets: Effects on Diet Degradability, Ruminal Fermentation and Plasma and Milk Urea Concentrations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisele Fernanda Mouro

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho pela farinha de mandioca de varredura, em dietas de cabras Saanen em lactação, sobre a degradabilidade potencial, efetiva e efetiva corrigida das rações, bem como sobre o pH ruminal e as concentrações de amônia ruminal, uréia plasmática e uréia no leite em cabras em lactação. Foram utilizadas quatro cabras há 100 dias em lactação. O delineamento utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4 x4, em que os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de 0, 33, 67 e 100% de substituição do milho pela farinha de mandiocade varredura. A degradabilidade das rações experimentais foi determinada em bovinos pela técnica in situ. Apesar de a degradabilidade potencial das dietas experimentais ter tido pequena variação para MS, PB e amido, a degradabilidade efetiva e a degradabilidade efetiva corrigida da MS, da PB e do amido aumentaram com a substituição do milho pela farinha de varredura de mandioca. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o pH ruminal, bem como as concentrações de NH3-ruminal, uréia plasmática e uréia do leite. Houve correlação positiva (PThe objectives of this work were to evaluate effects of replacing corn by cassava by-product meal, in diets of Saanen lactating goats, on potencial, effective and corrected effective degradability of diets with steers, and on ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN and milk urea nitrogen (MUN concentrations in lactating goats. Two steers and four multiparous goats fitted with ruminal cannula and 100 days in milking were used. The design was a 4 x 4 Latin square and treatments as following: 0, 33, 67 and 100% replacement of corn by cassava by-product meal. Rations degradability was determined using in situ technique. Potential degradability of experimental diets showed small variation for dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP and starch (S but effective and corrected effective degradability increased as corn was

  12. Surface-bound capsular polysaccharide of type Ia group B Streptococcus mediates C1 binding and activation of the classic complement pathway

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levy, N.J.; Kasper, D.L.

    1986-01-01

    The role of surface-bound type Ia group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharide in anti-body-independent binding of C1 and activation of the classic component pathway was investigated. In a radiolabeled bacterial-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) association assay, a measure of bacterial opsonization, preincubation of 3 H-type Ia GBS with purified F(ab') 2 to the organism blocked the association of the bacteria with PMN', and the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. The specificity of F(ab') 2 blocking was shown after adsorption of F(ab') 2 with type Ia polysaccharide-sensitized erythrocytes. Polysaccharide-adsorbed F(ab') 2 had a 70% decrease in ability to block the association of bacteria with PMN. Neuraminidase digestion removed 80% of the terminal sialic acid residues from the native polysaccharide. These neuraminidase-digested organisms had a 72% decrease in binding and transfer of purified C1 compared with non-enzyme-treated organisms. Type Ia capsular polysaccharide bound to sheep erythrocytes promoted classic complement pathway-mediated hemolysis of the cells. The role of C1 inhibitor (INH) in modulation of C1 activation by the organisms was investigated. The possibility existed that the C1 INH could be bound by the bacteria, allowing C1 activation to occur in the fluid phase. The inhibitor was purified from human serum, and its activity was measured before and after incubation with type Ia GBS. The organisms had no effect on C1 INH activity. Thus surface-bound capsular polysacchardie of type Ia GBS mediates C1 binding and classic pathway activation, and this does not involve the C1 INH

  13. Fontes alternativas e doses de nitrogênio no milho safrinha em sucessão à soja Sidedressing nitrogen alternative sources and rates on out-of-season corn after soybean

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Peres Soratto

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available A produtividade do milho safrinha pode ser aumentada com a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura mesmo quando cultivado em sucessão à soja. No entanto, existem inconsistências dos resultados especialmente quanto às fontes e doses a serem empregadas nessa modalidade de cultivo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de fontes e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura no milho safrinha, cultivado após soja no sistema plantio direto, conduziu-se o experimento em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em Chapadão do Céu (GO. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de quatro fontes (uréia, sulfato de amônio, uréia extrusada com produtos amiláceos (Amiréia® 180S e sulfonitrato de amônio com inibidor de nitrificação (Entec® 26 e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0; 30; 60 e 120 kg ha-1. A interação fonte x dose não foi significativa para nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas. A aplicação de nitrogênio na forma de entec proporcionou maiores teores de nitrogênio na folha do milho safrinha que o sulfato de amônio e a amiréia. A produtividade de grãos do milho safrinha foi maior quando o nitrogênio em cobertura foi fornecido na forma de sulfato de amônio, em comparação com a amiréia. A aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura aumentou os teores de nitrogênio e enxofre na folha, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de espigas por planta e grãos por espiga, massa de 1.000 grãos e produtividade de grãos do milho safrinha, em sucessão à soja, independentemente da fonte utilizada.Out-of-season corn yield can be increased by nitrogen sidedressing fertilization even when sowed after soybean harvest. However, there is result inconsistency especially as to nitrogen sources and rates for corn in the cropping system. In order to evaluate the effect of sources and rates of sidedressed nitrogen application on out-of-season corn

  14. Over-Expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and Protein: Implications of Xenobiotic Induced Damage in Patients with <em>De Novoem> Acute Myeloid Leukemia with inv(16(p13.1q22; <em>CBFβ>-MYH11em>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Environmental exposure to benzene occurs through cigarette smoke, unleaded gasoline and certain types of plastic. Benzene is converted to hematotoxic metabolites by the hepatic phase-I enzyme CYP2E1, and these metabolites are detoxified by the phase-II enzyme NQO1. The genes encoding these enzymes are highly polymorphic and studies of these polymorphisms have shown different pathogenic and prognostic features in various hematological malignancies. The potential role of different cytochrome p450 metabolizing enzymes in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML in an area of active interest. In this study, we demonstrate aberrant CYP2E1 mRNA over-expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases of <em>de novoem> AML with inv(16; CBFβ-MYH11. CYP2E1 mRNA levels correlated with <em>CBFβ>-MYH11 em>transcript levels and with bone marrow blast counts in all cases. CYP2E1 over-expression correlated positively with NQO1 mRNA levels (R2 = 0.934, n = 7. By immunohistochemistry, CYP2E1 protein was more frequently expressed in AML with inv(16 compared with other types of AML (<em>p> < 0.001. We obtained serial bone marrow samples from two patients with AML with inv(16 before and after treatment. CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels decreased in parallel with <em>CBFβ>-MYH11 em>transcript levels and blast counts following chemotherapy. In contrast, CYP1A2 transcript levels did not change in either patient. This is the first study to demonstrate concurrent over-expression of CYP2E1 and NQO1 mRNA in AML with inv(16. These findings also suggest that a balance between CYP2E1 and NQO1 may be important in the pathogenesis of AML with inv(16.

  15. Prevalência de hepatite B em parturientes e perfil sorológico perinatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arraes Luiz Cláudio

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência do antígeno de superfície do vírus B da hepatite (HBsAg em parturientes internadas no Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP, Recife-PE, e o perfil sorológico das positivas. MÉTODOS: este é estudo de secção de corte transversal prospectivo no qual foram utilizados os sistemas VIDAS e VIDAS HBs, respectivamente, para detecção e confirmação do HBsAg. As participantes foram selecionadas de forma aleatória. Nas pacientes HBsAg+, os outros marcadores sorológicos foram testados com o sistema automatizado AxSYM. Os recém-nascidos de mães HBsAg+ foram vacinados ao nascer com a vacina Engerix B. RESULTADOS: de um total de 1584, encontramos 9 (0,6% gestantes HBsAg positivas. Nenhuma delas apresentava anti-HBc IgM, sendo assim casos prevalentes. Em 1/9 (11,1% das gestantes havia presença do HBeAg isolado e em 4/9 (44,4%, deste antígeno e seu anticorpo correspondente, revelando os diferentes graus de risco de transmissão vertical da infecção. Com a exceção de dois recém-nascidos de um parto gemelar (um de baixo peso, todos apresentaram soroconversão para o anti-HBs com três doses da vacina. Os gemelares prematuros só mostraram soroconversão após a quarta dose da vacina. CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência da hepatite B em parturientes no IMIP é relativamente baixa e todas as pacientes detectadas então tinham a forma crônica da infecção.

  16. Turismo receptivo em Curitiba: uma perspectiva da comercialização on-line pelas agências de turismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Pazini

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available O turista se utiliza de diversos canais de distribuição para poder viabilizar sua viagem e obter informações acerca do destino de seu interesse. Atualmente, a tecnologia oferece muitos recursos e ferramentas para consultas rápidas e práticas, que permitem o planejamento e a execução de uma viagem, por qualquer pessoa e de qualquer lugar do mundo. As agências de turismo receptivo são uma opção para o turista obter serviços na chegada ao destino, com comodidade e atendimento especializado. Mas, para ampliar e aperfeiçoar este acesso, a internet é uma ferramenta imprescindível para o visitante conhecer antecipadamente estes serviços, e incluir na sua programação. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o conteúdo informacional dos sites das agências de turismo receptivo em Curitiba, com enfoque nas características da comercialização de seus produtos, visando um turismo sustentável de qualidade. A metodologia utilizada foi de análise sistemática das informações disponibilizadas nos sites oficiais das agências associadas ao Núcleo de Turismo Receptivo de Curitiba, segundo indicadores da análise de sites voltados ao consumidor, apresentado pela OMT – Organização Mundial do Turismo. Como resultados da pesquisa, pode-se perceber que as poucas agências especializadas estão mais voltadas para um conteúdo informacional, e ainda não oferecem recursos e autonomia para reservas e compras on-line de seus produtos.

  17. The high-temperature modification of LuAgSn and high-pressure high-temperature experiments on DyAgSn, HoAgSn, and YbAgSn

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heying, B.; Rodewald, U.C.; Hermes, W.; Schappacher, F.M.; Riecken, J.F.; Poettgen, R. [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Heymann, G.; Huppertz, H. [Muenchen Univ. (Germany). Dept. fuer Chemie und Biochemie; Sebastian, C.P. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany)

    2008-02-15

    The high-temperature modification of LuAgSn was obtained by arc-melting an equiatomic mixture of the elements followed by quenching the melt on a water-cooled copper crucible. HT-LuAgSn crystallizes with the NdPtSb-type structure, space group P6{sub 3}mc: a = 463.5(1), c = 723.2(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0270, 151 F{sup 2}, and 11 variables. The silver and tin atoms build up two-dimensional, puckered [Ag{sub 3}Sn{sub 3}] networks (276 pm Ag-Sn) that are charge-balanced and separated by the lutetium atoms. The Ag-Sn distances between the [Ag{sub 3}Sn{sub 3}] layers of 294 pm are much longer. Single crystals of isotypic DyAgSn (a = 468.3(1), c = 734.4(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0343, 411 F{sup 2}, and 11 variables) and HoAgSn (a = 467.2(1), c = 731.7(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0318, 330 F{sup 2}, and 11 variables) were obtained from arc-melted samples. Under high-pressure (up to 12.2 GPa) and high-temperature (up to 1470 K) conditions, no transitions to a ZrNiAl-related phase have been observed for DyAgSn, HoAgSn, and YbAgSn. HT-TmAgSn shows Curie-Weiss paramagnetism with {mu}{sub eff} = 7.53(1) {mu}{sub B}/Tm atom and {theta}P = -15.0(5) K. No magnetic ordering was evident down to 3 K. HT-LuAgSn is a Pauli paramagnet. Room-temperature {sup 119}Sn Moessbauer spectra of HT-TmAgSn and HT-LuAgSn show singlet resonances with isomer shifts of 1.78(1) and 1.72(1) mm/s, respectively. (orig.)

  18. Transplante da educação européia no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casemiro dos Reis Filho

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil surge para a história em pleno Renascimento. Resultado da expansão da civilização ocidental, o descobrimento do Brasil é significativo incidente da aventura marítima do Atlântico no século XV. Este momento de expansão européia é de extrema importância para a análise das raízes de nossas origens como nacionalidade. O seu estudo nos interessa na medida em que o primeiro projeto de Brasil, elaborado e executado a partir do Descobrimento pelo colonizador português, estabeleceu linhas históricas determinantes de nossa evolução como povo ligado, embora perifericamente, à civilização ocidental [...].

  19. Defining photometric peculiar type Ia supernovae

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    González-Gaitán, S.; Pignata, G.; Förster, F.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Bufano, F.; Galbany, L.; Hamuy, M.; De Jaeger, T. [Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile); Hsiao, E. Y.; Phillips, M. M. [Carnegie Observatories, Las Campanas Observatory, Casilla 601, La Serena (Chile); Folatelli, G. [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583 (Kavli IPMU, WPI) (Japan); Anderson, J. P., E-mail: sgonzale@das.uchile.cl [European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago (Chile)

    2014-11-10

    We present a new photometric identification technique for SN 1991bg-like type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), i.e., objects with light curve characteristics such as later primary maxima and the absence of a secondary peak in redder filters. This method is capable of selecting this sub-group from the normal type Ia population. Furthermore, we find that recently identified peculiar sub-types such as SNe Iax and super-Chandrasekhar SNe Ia have photometric characteristics similar to 91bg-like SNe Ia, namely, the absence of secondary maxima and shoulders at longer wavelengths, and can also be classified with our technique. The similarity of these different SN Ia sub-groups perhaps suggests common physical conditions. This typing methodology permits the photometric identification of peculiar SNe Ia in large upcoming wide-field surveys either to study them further or to obtain a pure sample of normal SNe Ia for cosmological studies.

  20. Comparison of recent SnIa datasets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanchez, J.C. Bueno; Perivolaropoulos, L.; Nesseris, S.

    2009-01-01

    We rank the six latest Type Ia supernova (SnIa) datasets (Constitution (C), Union (U), ESSENCE (Davis) (E), Gold06 (G), SNLS 1yr (S) and SDSS-II (D)) in the context of the Chevalier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization w(a) = w 0 +w 1 (1−a), according to their Figure of Merit (FoM), their consistency with the cosmological constant (ΛCDM), their consistency with standard rulers (Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO)) and their mutual consistency. We find a significant improvement of the FoM (defined as the inverse area of the 95.4% parameter contour) with the number of SnIa of these datasets ((C) highest FoM, (U), (G), (D), (E), (S) lowest FoM). Standard rulers (CMB+BAO) have a better FoM by about a factor of 3, compared to the highest FoM SnIa dataset (C). We also find that the ranking sequence based on consistency with ΛCDM is identical with the corresponding ranking based on consistency with standard rulers ((S) most consistent, (D), (C), (E), (U), (G) least consistent). The ranking sequence of the datasets however changes when we consider the consistency with an expansion history corresponding to evolving dark energy (w 0 ,w 1 ) = (−1.4,2) crossing the phantom divide line w = −1 (it is practically reversed to (G), (U), (E), (S), (D), (C)). The SALT2 and MLCS2k2 fitters are also compared and some peculiar features of the SDSS-II dataset when standardized with the MLCS2k2 fitter are pointed out. Finally, we construct a statistic to estimate the internal consistency of a collection of SnIa datasets. We find that even though there is good consistency among most samples taken from the above datasets, this consistency decreases significantly when the Gold06 (G) dataset is included in the sample

  1. thermal, electrical and structural characterization of fast ion conducting glasses (Ag Br)x(AgPO)1-x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kartini, E.; Yufus, S.; Priyanto, T; Indayaningsih, N; Collins, M F

    2001-01-01

    Fast ion conducting glasses are of considerable technological interest because of their possible application in batteries, sensors, and displays. One of the main scientific challenges is to explain how the disordered structure of the glass is related to the high ionic conductivity that can be achieved at ambient temperature. Fast ion conducting glasses (AgBr) x (AgPO3) 1- x with x=0.0; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.7; and 0.85 were prepared by rapid quenching. The studies of structure, thermal property and electrical conductivity have been made. The X-ray diffraction patterns of this system show that the sample are glasses for x 0.5. The neutron diffraction data shows that all AgBr doped glasses exhibit a strong and relatively sharp diffraction peak at anomalously low momentum transfer value, Q∼ 0.7 Α - 1. The low Q-peak is not observed in AgPO 3 glass, and in the X-ray data. The results of electrical conductivity show that the conduction is essentially ionic and due to silver ions alone. The logarithm of the ionic conductivity increases with increasing AgBr mole fraction, and reaches maximum for x = 0.5. The thermal property results measured by differential scanning calorimetric show that the temperatures of the glass transition, the crystallization and the melt reach minimum for the glass with composition x 0.5. We conclude that there appears to be a relation between higher conductivity at ambient temperature, and the low Q-peak. Based on this investigation a better fast ion conducting glass proposed is (AgBr) 0 .5(AgPO 3 ) 0 .5 with the conductivity of 8 x 10 - 5 S/cm

  2. Growth of pentacene on Ag(1 1 1) surface: A NEXAFS study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pedio, M.; Doyle, B.; Mahne, N.; Giglia, A.; Borgatti, F.; Nannarone, S.; Henze, S.K.M.; Temirov, R.; Tautz, F.S.; Casalis, L.; Hudej, R.; Danisman, M.F.; Nickel, B.

    2007-01-01

    Thin films of pentacene (C 22 H 14 ) have become widely used in the field of organic electronics. Here films of C 22 H 14 of thickness ranging from submonolayer to multilayer were thermally deposited on Ag(1 1 1) surface. The determination of molecular geometry in pentacene films on Ag(1 1 1) studied by X-ray absorption at different stages of growth up to one monolayer is presented. XAS spectra at the C K-edge were collected as a function of the direction of the electric field at the surface. The different features of the spectra were assigned to resonances related to the various molecular unoccupied states by the comparison with the absorption coefficient of the pentacene gas phase. The transitions involving antibonding π states show a pronounced angular dependence for all the measured coverages, from submonolayer to multilayer. The spectra analysis indicates a nearly planar chemisorption of the first pentacene layer with a tilt angle of 10 o

  3. 75 FR 37292 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-29

    ...-0085; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-1] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA AGENCY: Federal... Cherokee, IA. Decommissioning of the Pilot Rock non-directional beacon (NDB) at Cherokee County Regional Airport, Cherokee, IA has made this action necessary to enhance the safety and management of Instrument...

  4. Growth of epitaxially oriented Ag nanoislands on air-oxidized Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surfaces: Influence of short-range order on the substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roy, Anupam; Bhattacharjee, K.; Ghatak, J.; Dev, B.N.

    2012-01-01

    Clean Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surfaces, followed by air-exposure, have been investigated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Fourier transforms (FTs) of STM images show the presence of short-range (7 × 7) order on the air-oxidized surface. Comparison with FTs of STM images from a clean Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surface shows that only the 1/7th order spots are present on the air-oxidized surface. The oxide layer is ∼2-3 nm thick, as revealed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Growth of Ag islands on these air-oxidized Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surfaces has been investigated by in situ RHEED and STM and ex situ XTEM and scanning electron microscopy. Ag deposition at room temperature leads to the growth of randomly oriented Ag islands while preferred orientation evolves when Ag is deposited at higher substrate temperatures. For deposition at 550 °C face centered cubic Ag nanoislands grow with a predominant epitaxial orientation [11 ¯ 0] Ag ||[11 ¯ 0] Si , (1 1 1) Ag || (1 1 1) Si along with its twin [1 ¯ 10] Ag ||[11 ¯ 0] Si , (1 1 1) Ag || (1 1 1) Si , as observed for epitaxial growth of Ag on Si(1 1 1) surfaces. The twins are thus rotated by a 180° rotation of the Ag unit cell about the Si[1 1 1] axis. It is intriguing that Ag nanoislands follow an epitaxial relationship with the Si(1 1 1) substrate in spite of the presence of a 2-3 nm thick oxide layer between Ag and Si. Apparently the short-range order on the oxide surface influences the crystallographic orientation of the Ag nanoislands.

  5. The structure and band gap design of high Si doping level Ag1−xGa1−xSixSe2 (x=1/2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Shiyan; Mei, Dajiang; Du, Xin; Lin, Zheshuai; Zhong, Junbo; Wu, Yuandong; Xu, Jingli

    2016-01-01

    Ag 1−x Ga 1−x Si x Se 2 solutions with high Si doping level (x=1/2) are considered and new compound AgGaSiSe 4 has been synthesized. It crystallizes in space group Aea2 and possesses very long axis of a=63.06(1)Å. The three-dimensional framework in AgGaSiSe 4 is composed of AgSe 3 trigonal planar units, AgSe 4 tetrahedra and MSe 4 (M=Si, Ga) tetrahedra. AgGaSiSe 4 is a congruently melting compound with the melt temperature of 759 °C. The diffuse reflectance measurements reveal the band gap of 2.63 eV in AgGaSiSe 4 and the value is 0.33 eV larger than that of Ag 3 Ga 3 SiSe 8 (2.30 eV). - Graphical abstract: The Ag 1−x Ga 1−x Si x Se 2 with high Si doping level (x=1/2) has been studied and the new compound AgGaSiSe 4 was synthesized for the first time. AgGaSiSe 4 crystallizes in a new structure type in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework consisting of AgSe 3 trigonal planar units, AgSe 4 tetrahedra and MSe 4 (M=Si, Ge) tetrahedra. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Study of Ag 1−x Ga 1−x Si x Se 2 with high Si doping level (x=1/2). • Successful synthesis of new compound named AgGaSiSe 4 . • AgGaSiSe 4 crystallizes in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework. • The energy band gap of AgGaSiSe 4 is enlarged compared with Ag 3 Ga 3 SiSe 8 .

  6. Ia diastolic dysfunction: an echocardiographic grade.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandit, Anil; Mookadam, Farouk; Hakim, Fayaz A; Mulroy, Eoin; Saadiq, Rayya; Doherty, Mairead; Cha, Stephen; Seward, James; Wilansky, Susan

    2015-01-01

    To demonstrate that a distinct group of patients with Grade Ia diastolic dysfunction who do not conform to present ASE/ESE diastolic grading exists. Echocardiographic and demographic data of the Grade Ia diastolic dysfunction were extracted and compared with that of Grades I and II in 515 patients. The mean of age of the cohort was 75 ± 9 years and body mass index did not differ significantly between the 3 groups (P = 0.45). Measurements of left atrial volume index (28.58 ± 7 mL/m(2) in I, 33 ± 10 mL/m(2) in Ia, and 39 ± 12 mL/m(2) in II P Ia, and 79 ± 15 msec in II P Ia, and 217 ± 57 msec in II P Ia, and 22 ± 8 in II), and lateral E/e' (8 ± 3 in I, 15 ± 6 in Ia, and 18 ± 9 in II P Ia compared with I and II. These findings remained significant even after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, and smoking. Patients with echocardiographic characteristics of relaxation abnormality (E/A ratio of Ia group. © 2014, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Photoaffinity cross-linking of a radioiodinated probe, 125I-A55453, into alpha 1-adrenergic receptors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dickinson, K.E.; Leeb-Lundberg, L.M.; Heald, S.L.; Wikberg, J.E.; DeBernardis, J.F.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J.

    1984-01-01

    We have synthesized and characterized a high-affinity alpha 1-adrenergic receptor probe, 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2[4'- [5''(3'''- 125 I-iodo-4'''-aminophenyl)pentanoyl]-1'-piperazinyl] quinazoline ( 125 I-A55453). This ligand binds reversibly to rat hepatic plasma membranes with high affinity (KD . 77 +/- 6 pM), and it labels the same number of specific prazosin-competable sites as the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-selective radioligand [ 125 I] iodo-2-[beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylaminomethyl]tetralone. Specific binding is stereoselective and competed for by alpha-adrenergic agents with an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor specificity. 125 I-A55453 can be covalently photoincorporated into peptides of rat hepatic and splenic membranes using the bifunctional photoactive cross-linker, N-succinimidyl-6- (4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. Following photolysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled hepatic membranes reveals a major specifically labeled peptide of Mr . 82,000 (+/- 1,000) with minor peptides at Mr . 50,000 (+/- 500), and 40,000 (+/- 300). Covalent incorporation of 125 I-A55453 into the Mr . 82,000 peptide is inhibited by adrenergic drugs with an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor specificity. Labeled splenic membranes demonstrate a broad band of photoincorporated radioactivity centered at Mr . 82,000, and covalent incorporation into this peptide is also attenuated with an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor specificity. This new high-affinity radioiodinated probe has features which should make it useful for the molecular characterization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in tissues

  8. Manejo de Conyza bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate: coberturas de inverno e herbicidas em pré-semeadura da soja Management of glyphosate resistant Conyza bonariensis: winter cover crops and herbicides in soybean pre-seeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F.P. Lamego

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Conyza bonariensis tornou-se a principal planta daninha da cultura da soja no Sul do Brasil, em decorrência da evolução para resistência ao herbicida glyphosate. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas de inverno e da associação de manejo de dessecação pré-semeadura da soja, visando ao controle de C. bonariensis resistente ao glyphosate. Um experimento foi conduzido em campo, na safra 2010/2011. Os tratamentos foram conduzidos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as coberturas de inverno foram alocadas nas parcelas principais: aveia-preta, nabo, ervilhaca, azevém, trigo e pousio. Nas subparcelas, foram alocados os tratamentos de manejo de dessecação pré-semeadura da soja: glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + 2,4-D (1.050 g e.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + 2,4-D (1.050 g e.a ha-1/paraquat (200 g i.a ha-1 + diuron (100 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g i.a ha-1, glyphosate (720 g e.a ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (80 g i.a ha-1/paraquat (200 g i.a ha-1 + diuron (100 g i.a ha‑1 e roçada. O nabo foi a espécie de cobertura que produziu o maior volume de massa seca durante o inverno, enquanto a ervilhaca foi a que apresentou maior efeito supressor sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de C. bonariensis. Associações de glyphosate com 2,4-D ou chlorimuron-ethyl, seguidas da aplicação sequencial de paraquat + diuron, causaram maior redução na infestação de C. bonariensis.Conyza bonariensis became the main weed in soybean crop in Southern Brazil, as a consequence of the evolution of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different winter cover crops and the association of burn-down herbicides on the control of glyphosate-resistant C. bonariensis. A field experiment was conducted in the 2010/2011 season. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot scheme, with the winter

  9. Effect of glycemic state in rats submitted to status epilepticus during development Efeito do estado glicêmico em ratos submetidos ao status epilepticus durante o desenvolvimento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joselita F.C. Santiago

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available The effect of glycemic state on status epilepticus (SE development was studied in animals of different ages, submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Groups: I- Rats with 9-day-old (P9: IA. Submitted to 1SE; IB. Saline-treated; IC. Induced- hyperglycemia; ID. Induced- hyperglycemia+SE; II- Rats submitted to three consecutive episodes of SE at P7, P8 and P9; III- Rats submitted to 1SE at P17; IV- Rats submitted to 1SE at P21. Hippocampal cell death and the expression of glucose transporter GLUT3 were analyzed in group I. The results demonstrated normoglycemia in the groups IA, IB and II, hypoglycemia in group III and hyperglycemia in group IV, showing that the glycemia during SE is age dependent. Induced hyperglycemia during SE in P9 protected the hippocampal neurons from death and both groups IC and ID presented increased GLUT3 expression, showing high glucose consumption by the hippocampus.O efeito do estado glicêmico sobre o desenvolvimento do status epilepticus (SE foi estudado em animais de diferentes idades, submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia por pilocarpina. Grupos: I- Ratos com nove dias (P9: IA- Submetidos a 1SE; IB- Tratados com salina; IC- Hiperglicemia induzida; ID- Hiperglicemia induzida+SE; II- Ratos submetidos a 3 episódios consecutivos de SE em P7, P8 e P9; III- Ratos submetidos a 1SE em P17; IV- Ratos submetidos a 1SE em P21. Foram analisados no grupo I a morte celular hipocampal e a expressão do transportador de glicose GLUT3. Os resultados mostraram haver normoglicemia nos grupos IA, IB e II, hipoglicemia no grupo III e hiperglicemia no grupo IV, sendo a glicemia durante o SE, idade dependente. A hiperglicemia induzida durante o SE em P9 protegeu neurônios hipocampais e os grupos IC e ID apresentaram expressão aumentada de GLUT3, mostrando aumento no consumo de glicose pelo hipocampo.

  10. O contato entre as formações Pirambóia e Botucatu na área de Ribeirão Preto (SP)

    OpenAIRE

    Massoli, Marcos; Caetano-Chang, Maria Rita [UNESP

    2007-01-01

    Em poços perfurados para captação de água subterrânea, na área urbana de Ribeirão Preto, foram encontrados arenitos grossos a conglomeráticos, subfeldspáticos, formando extensa camada com espessura média em torno de 30 metros. Estes arenitos têm sido considerados, em trabalhos mais recentes, como tendo sido depositados em leques aluviais, ao final da sedimentação da Formação Pirambóia, em diferentes áreas da região central e leste do Estado de São Paulo. Na área estudada, estes arenitos congl...

  11. Controle do capim-braquiária associado à nutrição com boro no cultivo do mogno-africano em sistema silvipastoril

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Magno Brighenti

    Full Text Available Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o controle do capim-braquiária (Urochloa decumbens nas linhas de plantio do mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis com aplicações de herbicidas isoladas ou combinadas com boro (B, bem como a resposta do mogno-africano a esse micronutriente. Ambos os experimentos foram implantados em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Seis tratamentos foram aplicados nas parcelas: testemunha capinada; testemunha sem capina; glyphosate (1.080 g e.a. ha-1 + chlorimuron-ethyl (10 g i.a. ha-1 + 0,05% v/v de óleo mineral, glyphosate (1.080 g e.a. ha-1 + imazethapyr (100 g i.a. ha-1, glyphosate (1.080 g e.a. ha-1 e oxyfluorfen (480 g i.a. ha-1. As subparcelas foram constituídas pela ausência ou presença de 4 kg de ácido bórico (17% B para 100 L de água. A associação do ácido bórico aos herbicidas glyphosate mais chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate mais imazethapyr, glyphosate ou oxyfluorfen não interfere no controle do capim-braquiária. A adição do ácido bórico à calda dos herbicidas proporciona incrementos nos teores de boro no solo e, consequentemente, aumento nos teores de boro nas folhas do mogno-africano.

  12. Agronomic performance, chromosomal stability and resistance to velvetbean caterpillar of transgenic soybean expressing cry1Ac gene Performance agronômica, estabilidade cromossômica e resistência à lagarta-da-soja em soja transgênica que expressa o gene cry1Ac

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milena Schenkel Homrich

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to analyze the agronomic performance and chromosomal stability of transgenic homozygous progenies of soybean [Glycine max (L. Merrill.], and to confirm the resistance of these plants against Anticarsia gemmatalis. Eleven progenies expressing cry1Ac, hpt and gusA genes were evaluated for agronomic characteristics in relation to the nontransformed parent IAS 5 cultivar. Cytogenetical analysis was carried out on transgenic and nontransgenic plants. Two out of the 11 transgenic progenies were also evaluated, in vitro and in vivo, for resistance to A. gemmatalis. Two negative controls were used in resistance bioassays: a transgenic homozygous line, containing only the gusA reporter gene, and nontransgenic 'IAS 5' plants. The presence of cry1Ac transgene affected neither the development nor the yield of plants. Cytogenetical analysis showed that transgenic plants presented normal karyotype. In detached-leaf bioassay, cry1Ac plants exhibited complete efficacy against A. gemmatalis, whereas negative controls were significantly damaged. Whole-plant feeding assay confirmed a very high protection of cry1Ac against velvetbean caterpillar, while nontransgenic 'IAS 5' plants and homozygous gusA line exhibited 56.5 and 71.5% defoliation, respectively. The presence of cry1Ac transgene doesn't affect the majority of agronomic traits (including yield of soybean and grants high protection against A. gemmatalis.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a performance agronômica e a estabilidade cromossômica de progênies transgênicas homozigotas de soja [Glycine max (L. Merrill.], e confirmar a resistência dessas plantas a Anticarsia gemmatalis. Onze progênies com expressão dos genes cry1Ac, hpt e gusA foram avaliadas quanto às características agronômicas, em relação à cultivar parental IAS 5 não transformada. Análises citogenéticas foram realizadas em plantas transgênicas e não transgênicas. Duas das 11 prog

  13. A novel strategy for the development of selective active-site inhibitors of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins islet-cell antigen 512 (IA-2) and phogrin (IA-2 beta)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Drake, P.G.; Peters, Günther H.j.; Andersen, H.S.

    2003-01-01

    into highly selective and potent inhibitors of PTP1B. However. since wild-type IA-2 and IA-2beta lack conventional PTP activity, a novel strategy was designed whereby catalytically active species were generated by 'back-mutating key non-consensus catalytic region residues to those of PTP1B. These mutants were...... then used as tools with which to test the potency and selectivity of OBA and a variety of its derivatives. Catalytically competent IA-2 and IA-2beta species were generated by 'back-mutation' of only three key residues (equivalent to Tyr(46). Asp(181) and Ala(217) using the human PTP1B numbering) to those...... of PTP1B. Importantly, enzyme kinetic analyses indicated that the overall fold of both mutant and wild-type IA-2 and IA-2beta was similar to that of classic PTPs. In particular, one derivative of OBA, namely 7-(1,1-dioxo-1H-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yloxy-methyl) -2-(oxalylamino)-4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno [2,3-c...

  14. AS IDÉIAS POLÍTICAS DE GUILHERME DE OCKHAM NO BREVILÓQUIO SOBRE O PRINCIPADO TIRÂNICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anselmo Carvalho de Oliveira

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Guilherme de Ockham produziu diversos escritos políticos com vistas a subsidiar oImperador do Sacro Império Romano Germânico em suas pretensões autonomistas em relaçãoao poder papal. Entre seus escritos sobre o assunto está o conciso Brevilóquio sobre oPrincipado Tirânico que expõe de maneira simples, mas não superficial, algumas de suasprincipais idéias sobre a relação entre o poder espiritual e temporal.

  15. Valor nutricional da silagem de cana-de-açúcar acrescida de uréia e aditivos absorventes de umidade Nutritional value of sugarcane silage enriched with urea and with additive absorbent of humidity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jalison Lopes

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da utilização de aditivos sobre o valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Foram testadas diferentes quantidades de aditivos associadas à cana-de-açúcar no momento da ensilagem (com base na matéria verde da forragem: 1,5% uréia; 0,5% uréia + 4% fubá; 0,5% uréia + 4% de mandioca desidratada; 1,5% de amiréia; e cana-de-açúcar pura. A cana-de-açúcar da variedade RB-72454, com 18 meses de rebrota, foi armazenada em silos experimentais de concreto com capacidade de 500 kg, durante 180 dias. Cinco ovelhas com peso médio de 36,5 kg foram alojadas em gaiolas metabólicas individuais próprias para o ensaio de digestibilidade in vivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em que os blocos foram constituídos pelos períodos de coleta dos dados, em um total de quatro períodos. Avaliaram-se o consumo voluntário de MS, FDN, PB e NDT, a digestibilidade da MS, FDN, PB e CNF e o balanço de nitrogênio. O valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar foi aumentado com o uso de aditivos, implicando maior consumo e digestibilidade da PB.The research aimed to evaluate the use of additives on the nutritional value of the sugarcane silage. Treatments were expressed by additive type and amount added to the sugarcane silage at ensiling (fresh matter basis, as follows: urea 1.5%; urea 0.5% and corn meal 4%; urea 0.5% and dehydrated cassava 4%; starea 1.5%; sugar cane only. Sugarcane variety RB-72454, at 18 months of regrowth was stored for 180 days in experimental concrete silos (500 kg capacity. An in vivo digestibility trial was carried out using a complete randomized block design. Five sheeps with an average weight of 36.5 kg were housed in individual metabolic cages simultaneously to silage unloading. Data from four crop periods were used to form the blocks. Voluntary intake of the DM, CP, NDF, TDN, and digestibility of DM, NDF, NFC, CP and N retention were evaluated. In

  16. Composição química e digestibilidade in vitro do feno de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. tratado com uréia Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. hay treated with urea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kátia Fernanda Gobbi

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da adição de uréia em níveis crescentes sobre a composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS do feno de Brachiaria decumbens colhida no estádio de pós-florescimento. O feno foi tratado com seis níveis de uréia (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10%, com base na matéria seca (MS. A uréia foi dissolvida em quantidade de água suficiente para elevar o teor de umidade do feno para 30%. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O feno tratado foi armazenado em sacos plásticos (2 kg/saco vedados, por 35 dias, e, após abertura, foram coletadas amostras para as análises químicas. Verificou-se que o teor de nitrogênio total (NT aumentou linearmente em função dos níveis crescentes de uréia. Os teores de NIDN e NIDA, em relação ao nitrogênio total (NIDN/NT e NIDA/NT, tiveram redução linear em função dos níveis crescentes de uréia, demonstrando aumento nos teores de nitrogênio disponível no material amonizado. A adição de uréia promoveu redução no teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA e celulose. Os teores de hemicelulose e lignina não foram alterados pelo tratamento com uréia. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS foi influenciada de forma quadrática pelos níveis de uréia, estimando-se valor máximo de 68, 9% para o nível de 7, 15% de uréia. A amonização com uréia alterou a composição química e a digestibilidade do feno de Brachiaria decumbens, melhorando o valor nutritivo do material tratado.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of urea treatment on the chemical-bromatologic compounds and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD of Brachiaria decumbens hay. The hay were reconstituted with water to get final forage moisture concentration of 30%, and treated with urea at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of the forage dry matter. A completely randomized design with three

  17. Production and levels of foliar nitrogen in rocket salad fertilized with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers and urea Produção e teor de nitrogênio foliar em rúcula adubada com fertilizantes nitrogenados de liberação lenta e uréia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Felippe Ratke

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance crop productivity and decrease nitrogen loss through volatilization and leaching. This study aimed at determining the effect of nitrogen treatments provided by controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers and urea. The following fertilizers were tested: 1 (agricultural urea, 2 (ammonium sulfonitrate + nitrification inhibitor, dimethylpyrazole phosphate (Entec 26®,3 (urea + Kimberlit polymer (Kimcoat N® and 4 (urea + NBPT (Super N - Agrotain®. Treatments corresponded to 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of N with rocket salad grown inside a greenhouse, assessing the production of fresh and dry leaf mass as well as levels of foliar nitrogen. Doses of different controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers showed significant polynomial regressions for the production of rocket salad fresh leaf mass and levels of foliar nitrogen, whereby Entec 26® did not show significant polynomial regression, considering the last parameter evaluated. The production of rocket salad dry leaf mass did not display significant linear regressions. The maximal production of rocket salad fresh leaf mass was reached at doses of 600, 490, 765, and 462 kg ha-1 of N with the use of urea, Entec 26®, Kimcoat N® and Super N®, respectively.Os fertilizantes nitrogenados de liberação lenta aumentam a produtividade das culturas e diminuem as perdas de nitrogênio por volatilização e lixiviação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, no cultivo de rúcula, o efeito de doses de N fornecidas por fertilizantes nitrogenados de liberação lenta e pela uréia. Testaram-se os fertilizantes: 1 (uréia agrícola, 2 (sulfonitrato de amônio + inibidor de nitrificação Dimetil Pirazol Fosfato (Entec 26®,3 (uréia + polímero Kimberlit (kimcoat N® e 4 (uréia + NBPT (Super N - Agrotain®, e as doses de 0, 100, 200, 400 e 800 kg ha-1 de N em rúcula crescidas em casa de vegetação, avaliando-se a produtividade de matéria fresca de folhas

  18. Avaliação de seletividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do crisântemo a adultos de Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) em laboratório

    OpenAIRE

    Morais, Alexandre Augusto; Carvalho, Geraldo Andrade; Moraes, Jair Campos; Godoy, Maurício Sekiguchi; Cosme, Luciano Veiga

    2003-01-01

    Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do crisântemo a adultos de Orius insidiosus (Say). Os bioensaios foram conduzidos a 25±1oC, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 12h, em Lavras, MG. Os inseticidas avaliados foram abamectina (0,0009 g i.a./100 ml), cartap (0,06 g i.a./100 ml), ciromazina (0,011 g i.a./100 ml), fenpropatrina (0,009 g i.a./100 ml) e imidaclopride (0,042 g i.a./100 ml). As pulverizações foram realizadas por meio de torre de Potter calibrada...

  19. Susceptibility of Anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) to a cry1ia-type toxin from a Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grossi-de-Sa, Maria Fatima; Quezado de Magalhaes, Mariana; Silva, Marilia Santos; Silva, Shirley Margareth Buffon; Dias, Simoni Campos; Nakasu, Erich Yukio Tempel; Brunetta, Patricia Sanglard Felipe; Oliveira, Gustavo Ramos; Neto, Osmundo Brilhante de Oliveira; Sampaio de Oliveira, Raquel; Soares, Luis Henrique Barros; Ayub, Marco Antonio Zachia; Siqueira, Herbert Alvaro Abreu; Figueira, Edson L Z

    2007-09-30

    Different isolates of the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce multiple crystal (Cry) proteins toxic to a variety of insects, nematodes and protozoans. These insecticidal Cry toxins are known to be active against specific insect orders, being harmless to mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Due to these characteristics, genes encoding several Cry toxins have been engineered in order to be expressed by a variety of crop plants to control insectpests. The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, are the major economically devastating pests of cotton crop in Brazil, causing severe losses, mainly due to their endophytic habit, which results in damages to the cotton boll and floral bud structures. A cry1Ia-type gene, designated cry1Ia12, was isolated and cloned from the Bt S811 strain. Nucleotide sequencing of the cry1Ia12 gene revealed an open reading frame of 2160 bp, encoding a protein of 719 amino acid residues in length, with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa. The amino acid sequence of Cry1Ia12 is 99% identical to the known Cry1Ia proteins and differs from them only in one or two amino acid residues positioned along the three domains involved in the insecticidal activity of the toxin. The recombinant Cry1Ia12 protein, corresponding to the cry1Ia12 gene expressed in Escherichia coli cells, showed moderate toxicity towards first instar larvae of both cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm. The highest concentration of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 tested to achieve the maximum toxicities against cotton boll weevil larvae and fall armyworm larvae were 230 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL, respectively. The herein demonstrated insecticidal activity of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 toxin against cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm larvae opens promising perspectives for the genetic engineering of cotton crop resistant to both these devastating pests in Brazil.

  20. Characterization of headaches in the premenstrual tension syndrome Caracterização das cefaléias na síndrome da tensão pré-menstrual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yara Dadalti Fragoso

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Characterization of headaches in premenstrual syndrome (PMS. Although headache is one of the symptoms for PMS, no details on this headache are given by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG criteria. METHOD: A group of 45 fertile age women presenting PMS were invited to complete a registration diary for headache and PMS symptoms for three consecutive months. The diary included details of each headache attack, allowing for classification according to the International Headache Society criteria (IHS-2004. RESULTS: Migraine without aura was the most common type of headache in PMS (n=27, 60%, followed by tension type headache (n=15, 30%. Only in two cases the type of headache varied among the observed months, and only in one case the diagnosis could not be concluded by the IHS-2004 criteria. CONCLUSION: Better clinical and therapeutic approach to headache in PMS can be achieved if the patient's type of headache could be properly characterized.OBJETIVO: Caracterização das cefaléias na síndrome da tensão pré-menstrual (TPM. Embora cefaléia seja um dos sintomas associados à TPM, não são fornecidos detalhes sobre esta dor pelos critérios do American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG. MÉTODO: Um grupo de 45 mulheres em idade fértil apresentando TPM foi convidado a preencher um diário de registro de cefaléia e dos sintomas de TPM por três meses consecutivos. O diário incluía detalhes de cada crise de cefaléia, permitindo classificação de acordo com os critérios da International Headache Society (IHS-2004. RESULTADOS: Enxaqueca sem aura foi a forma mais freqüente de cefaléia na TPM (n=27, 60%, seguida de cefaléia tipo tensional (n=15, 30%. Em apenas dois casos a cefaléia variou entre os meses observados e em apenas um caso o diagnóstico não pôde ser conclusivo pelos critérios da IHS-2004. CONCLUSÃO: Melhor manejo clínico e terapêutico pode ser obtido na cefaléia da TPM se o tipo de

  1. THE MULTI-EPOCH NEARBY CLUSTER SURVEY: TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENT IN z {approx} 0.1 CLUSTERS AND THE LATE-TIME DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sand, David J.; Graham, Melissa L. [Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 (United States); Bildfell, Chris; Pritchet, Chris [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3P6 (Canada); Zaritsky, Dennis; Just, Dennis W.; Herbert-Fort, Stephane [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Hoekstra, Henk [Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden (Netherlands); Sivanandam, Suresh [Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada); Foley, Ryan J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Mahdavi, Andisheh, E-mail: dsand@lcogt.net [Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 (United States)

    2012-02-20

    We describe the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey, designed to measure the cluster Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate in a sample of 57 X-ray selected galaxy clusters, with redshifts of 0.05 < z < 0.15. Utilizing our real-time analysis pipeline, we spectroscopically confirmed twenty-three cluster SNe Ia, four of which were intracluster events. Using our deep Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam imaging, we measured total stellar luminosities in each of our galaxy clusters, and we performed detailed supernova (SN) detection efficiency simulations. Bringing these ingredients together, we measure an overall cluster SN Ia rate within R{sub 200} (1 Mpc) of 0.042{sup +0.012}{sub -0.010}{sup +0.010}{sub -0.008} SNuM (0.049{sup +0.016}{sub -0.014}{sup +0.005}{sub -0.004} SNuM) and an SN Ia rate within red-sequence galaxies of 0.041{sup +0.015}{sub -0.015}{sup +0.005}{sub -0.010} SNuM (0.041{sup +0.019}{sub -0.015}{sup +0.005}{sub -0.004} SNuM). The red-sequence SN Ia rate is consistent with published rates in early-type/elliptical galaxies in the 'field'. Using our red-sequence SN Ia rate, and other cluster SN measurements in early-type galaxies up to z {approx} 1, we derive the late-time (>2 Gyr) delay time distribution (DTD) of SN Ia assuming a cluster early-type galaxy star formation epoch of z{sub f} = 3. Assuming a power-law form for the DTD, {Psi}(t){proportional_to}t{sup s} , we find s = -1.62 {+-} 0.54. This result is consistent with predictions for the double degenerate SN Ia progenitor scenario (s {approx} -1) and is also in line with recent calculations for the double detonation explosion mechanism (s {approx} -2). The most recent calculations of the single degenerate scenario DTD predicts an order-of-magnitude drop-off in SN Ia rate {approx}6-7 Gyr after stellar formation, and the observed cluster rates cannot rule this out.

  2. Prevalência e custos indiretos das cefaléias em uma empresa brasileira Prevalence and indirect costs of headache in a Brazilian company

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MAURICE VINCENT

    1998-12-01

    Full Text Available Funcionários de uma empresa (n=993 foram entrevistados quanto à ocorrência de cefaléias durante um período retrospectivo de 30 dias. A prevalência foi 49,8%, com frequência de 4,3±7,0 episódios e duração de 12,2±21,4 horas. Os diagnósticos baseados na classificação da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléias, foram enxaqueca (5,5%, cefaléia do tipo tensão (CTT episódica (26,4%, CTT crônica (1,7% e outras cefaléias (16,2%. As mulheres foram mais acometidas e tiveram proporcionalmente mais enxaquecas que os homens. Cerca de 10% dos pacientes relataram dor suficientemente intensa a ponto de prejudicar seu desempenho no trabalho, o que representou 538,75 horas não trabalhadas. O custo indireto proporcionado pela interferência no trabalho foi estimado para cada cefaléia. O potencial prejuízo projetado à empresa devido às cefaléias é R$145,64 por funcionário, ou R$144 682,39 por ano. Como a enxaqueca é a cefaléia de maior custo, seu controle é particularmente importante no ambiente de trabalho. Há meios eficazes para reduzir sua frequência, com reflexos positivos no bem-estar e na produtividade do indivíduo. A relação custo-benefício favorece claramente a instituição de programas de prevenção e tratamento contra cefaléias crônicasEmployees from a Brazilian oil company reserach centre (n=993 were interviewed on the occurrence of headache during a 30 days period. Headache prevalence was 49.8%, with a mean frequency of 4.3±7.0 attacks per month, lasting 12.2±21.4 hours each. According to the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria, migraine (5.5%, episodic tension-type headache (26.4%, chronic tension-type headache (1.7% and headaches not fulfilling the criteria for such disorders (16.2% were observed. Women suffered comparatively more headache and specifically migraine than men. The pain interfered with work productivity in 10% of the subjects, corresponding to 538.75 hours off. According to an

  3. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa protein interactions and their toxicity in Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bergamasco, V B; Mendes, D R P; Fernandes, O A; Desidério, J A; Lemos, M V F

    2013-02-01

    The polyphagous pests belonging to the genus Spodoptera are considered to be among the most important causes of damage and are widely distributed throughout the Americas'. Due to the extensive use of genetically modified plants containing Bacillus thuringiensis genes that code for insecticidal proteins, resistant insects may arise. To prevent the development of resistance, pyramided plants, which express multiple insecticidal proteins that act through distinct mode of actions, can be used. This study analyzed the mechanisms of action for the proteins Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa on neonatal Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera albula, Spodoptera eridania and Spodoptera cosmioides larvae. The interactions of these toxins with receptors on the intestinal epithelial membrane were also analyzed by binding biotinylated toxins to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) from the intestines of these insects. A putative receptor of approximately 65 kDa was found by ligand blotting in all of these species. In vitro competition assays using biotinylated proteins have indicated that Vip3Aa and Cry1Ia10 do not compete for the same receptor for S. frugiperda, S. albula and S. cosmioides and that Vip3Aa was more efficient than Cry1Ia10 when tested individually, by bioassays. A synergistic effect of the toxins in S. frugiperda, S. albula and S. cosmioides was observed when they were combined. However, in S. eridania, Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa might compete for the same receptor and through bioassays Cry1Ia10 was more efficient than Vip3Aa and showed an antagonistic effect when the proteins were combined. These results suggest that using these genes to develop pyramided plants may not prove effective in preventing the development of resistance in S. eridiana. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIAL MAIZE HYBRIDS TO GENERATE INBRED LINES IN BREEDING PROGRAMS POTENCIAL DE HÍBRIDOS COMERCIAIS DE MILHO PARA OBTENÇÃO DE LINHAGENS EM PROGRAMAS DE MELHORAMENTO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto Paterniani

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available

    With the objective of identifying the best commercial hybrids to extract maize lines, a top cross scheme of 49 endogamic partial lines (S3 was carried out with the IA33 tester. The resultant hybrids were evaluated for grain yield, in Campinas, Mococa, and Palmital (São Paulo State, Brazil, in two agricultural years (2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in a randomized block design, with three replications, in two experiments (TC1 and TC2. Individual and group variance analysis and a grouped analysis of the experiments with common treatments were carried out, for each place. The top cross hybrids were grouped according to the line origins. Afterwards, orthogonal contrasts were carried out by using the Student’s t test, in order to compare the hybrid groups. It was verified that the use of commercial hybrids to extract lines is an interesting strategy. In general, it was also verified that the top cross hybrid groups, whose lines originated from the AG1051, Master, and XL357 hybrids, obtained high yield, with a higher potential for lines extraction.

    KEY-WORDS: <em>Zea maysem> L.; top cross hybrids; partially endogamic lines (S3.

    O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar os melhores híbridos comerciais para extração de linhagens de milho. Para isto, foram

  5. Thermochemical properties of silver tellurides including empressite (AgTe) and phase diagrams for Ag-Te and Ag-Te-O

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voronin, Mikhail V.; Osadchii, Evgeniy G.; Brichkina, Ekaterina A.

    2017-10-01

    This study compiles original experimental and literature data on the thermodynamic properties (ΔfG°, S°, ΔfH°) of silver tellurides (α-Ag2Te, β-Ag2Te, Ag1.9Te, Ag5Te3, AgTe) obtained by the method of solid-state galvanic cell with the RbAg4I5 and AgI solid electrolytes. The thermodynamic data for empressite (AgTe, pure fraction from Empress Josephine Mine, Colorado USA) have been obtained for the first time by the electrochemical experiment with the virtual reaction Ag + Te = AgTe. The Ag-Te phase diagrams in the T - x and log fTe2 (gas) - 1/ T coordinates have been refined, and the ternary Ag-Te-O diagrams with Ag-Te-TeO2 (paratellurite) composition range have been calculated.

  6. ON THE PROGENITORS OF SUPER-CHANDRASEKHAR MASS TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Wencong; Li Xiangdong

    2009-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can be used as the standard candle to determine the cosmological distances because they are thought to have a uniform fuel amount. Recent observations of several overluminous SNe Ia suggest that the white dwarf masses at supernova explosion may significantly exceed the canonical Chandrasekhar mass limit. These massive white dwarfs may be supported by rapid differential rotation. Based on a single-degenerate model and the assumption that the white dwarf would differentially rotate when the accretion rate M-dot>3 x 10 -7 M-odot yr -1 , we have calculated the evolutions of close binaries consisting of a white dwarf and a normal companion. To include the effect of rotation, we introduce an effective mass M eff for white dwarfs. For the donor stars with two different metallicities Z = 0.02 and 0.001, we present the distribution of the initial donor star masses and the orbital periods of the progenitors of super-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia. The calculation results indicate that, for an initial massive white dwarf of 1.2 M sun , a considerable fraction of SNe Ia may result from super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, but very massive (> 1.7 M sun ) white dwarfs are difficult to form, and none of them could be found in old populations. However, super-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia are very rare when the initial mass of white dwarfs is 1.0 M sun . Additionally, SNe Ia in low metallicity environment are more likely to be homogeneous.

  7. REVEALING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PHYSICS WITH COSMIC RATES AND NUCLEAR GAMMA RAYS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Beacom, John F.

    2010-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remain mysterious despite their central importance in cosmology and their rapidly increasing discovery rate. The progenitors of SNe Ia can be probed by the delay time between progenitor birth and explosion as SNe Ia. The explosions and progenitors of SNe Ia can be probed by MeV nuclear gamma rays emitted in the decays of radioactive nickel and cobalt into iron. We compare the cosmic star formation and SN Ia rates, finding that their different redshift evolution requires a large fraction of SNe Ia to have large delay times. A delay-time distribution of the form t -α with α = 1.0 ± 0.3 provides a good fit, implying that 50% of SNe Ia explode more than ∼1 Gyr after progenitor birth. The extrapolation of the cosmic SN Ia rate to z = 0 agrees with the rate we deduce from catalogs of local SNe Ia. We investigate prospects for gamma-ray telescopes to exploit the facts that escaping gamma rays directly reveal the power source of SNe Ia and uniquely provide tomography of the expanding ejecta. We find large improvements relative to earlier studies by Gehrels et al. in 1987 and Timmes and Woosley in 1997 due to larger and more certain SN Ia rates and advances in gamma-ray detectors. The proposed Advanced Compton Telescope, with a narrow-line sensitivity ∼60 times better than that of current satellites, would, on an annual basis, detect up to ∼100 SNe Ia (3σ) and provide revolutionary model discrimination for SNe Ia within 20 Mpc, with gamma-ray light curves measured with ∼10σ significance daily for ∼100 days. Even more modest improvements in detector sensitivity would open a new and invaluable astronomy with frequent SN Ia gamma-ray detections.

  8. 3'-UTR SNP rs2229611 in G6PC1 affects mRNA stability, expression and Glycogen Storage Disease type-Ia risk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karthi, Sellamuthu; Rajeshwari, Mohan; Francis, Amirtharaj; Saravanan, Matheshwaran; Varalakshmi, Perumal; Houlden, Henry; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Ashokkumar, Balasubramaniem

    2017-08-01

    The frequency of rs2229611, previously reported in Chinese, Caucasians, Japanese and Hispanics, was investigated for the first time in Indian ethnicity. We analyzed its role in the progression of Glycogen Storage Disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) and breast cancer. Genotype data on rs2229611 revealed that the risk of GSD-Ia was higher (P=0.0195) with CC compared to TT/TC genotypes, whereas no such correlation was observed with breast cancer cases. We observed a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) among rs2229611 and other disease causing G6PC1 variants (|D'|=1, r 2 =1). Functional validation performed in HepG2 cells using luciferase constructs showed significant (PIa patients. The implication of this result is significant in predicting disease onset, progression and response to disease modifying treatments in patients with GSD-Ia. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Três idéias sedutoras e quatro sugestões preciosas: algumas reflexões de Jerome Kagan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Fernando Bitencourt Lomônaco

    Full Text Available São consideradas três idéias, denominadas por Jerome Kagan idéias sedutoras pela sua capacidade de se apresentarem como intuitivamente verdadeiras. A primeira é a de que processos psicológicos tais como inteligência, consciência, etc, podem ser amplamente generalizados para uma ampla gama de situações. A segunda refere-se ao determinismo infantil, à crença de que as primeiras experiências infantis constituem uma influência determinante no desenvolvimento. A terceira é relativa ao princípio do prazer, à noção de que o comportamento humano é regido fundamentalmente pela busca do prazer. Fundamentado em dados de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, Kagan demonstra a falácia de cada uma dessas idéias e apresenta quatro sugestões construtivas para aqueles que trabalham nas ciências sociais e comportamentais.

  10. 75 FR 17637 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-07

    ...-0085; Airspace Docket No. 10-ACE-1] Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, IA AGENCY... action proposes to amend Class E airspace at Cherokee, IA. Decommissioning of the Pilot Rock non... for standard instrument approach procedures at Cherokee County Regional Airport, Cherokee, IA...

  11. TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA CARBON FOOTPRINTS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomas, R. C.; Nugent, P.; Aldering, G.; Aragon, C.; Bailey, S.; Childress, M.; Fakhouri, H. K.; Hsiao, E. Y.; Loken, S.; Antilogus, P.; Bongard, S.; Canto, A.; Baltay, C.; Buton, C.; Kerschhaggl, M.; Kowalski, M.; Paech, K.; Chotard, N.; Copin, Y.; Gangler, E.

    2011-01-01

    We present convincing evidence of unburned carbon at photospheric velocities in new observations of five Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained by the Nearby Supernova Factory. These SNe are identified by examining 346 spectra from 124 SNe obtained before +2.5 days relative to maximum. Detections are based on the presence of relatively strong C II λ6580 absorption 'notches' in multiple spectra of each SN, aided by automated fitting with the SYNAPPS code. Four of the five SNe in question are otherwise spectroscopically unremarkable, with ions and ejection velocities typical of SNe Ia, but spectra of the fifth exhibit high-velocity (v > 20, 000 km s –1 ) Si II and Ca II features. On the other hand, the light curve properties are preferentially grouped, strongly suggesting a connection between carbon-positivity and broadband light curve/color behavior: three of the five have relatively narrow light curves but also blue colors and a fourth may be a dust-reddened member of this family. Accounting for signal to noise and phase, we estimate that 22 +10 –6% of SNe Ia exhibit spectroscopic C II signatures as late as –5 days with respect to maximum. We place these new objects in the context of previously recognized carbon-positive SNe Ia and consider reasonable scenarios seeking to explain a physical connection between light curve properties and the presence of photospheric carbon. We also examine the detailed evolution of the detected carbon signatures and the surrounding wavelength regions to shed light on the distribution of carbon in the ejecta. Our ability to reconstruct the C II λ6580 feature in detail under the assumption of purely spherical symmetry casts doubt on a 'carbon blobs' hypothesis, but does not rule out all asymmetric models. A low volume filling factor for carbon, combined with line-of-sight effects, seems unlikely to explain the scarcity of detected carbon in SNe Ia by itself.

  12. Stimulation of protective antibodies against type Ia and Ib group B streptococci by a type Ia polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.

    OpenAIRE

    Wessels, M R; Paoletti, L C; Rodewald, A K; Michon, F; DiFabio, J; Jennings, H J; Kasper, D L

    1993-01-01

    Antisera elicited by type Ia group B streptococci (GBS) contain antibodies that react with both type Ia and type Ib strains. Previous studies suggested that antibodies elicited by type Ia organisms recognized a carbohydrate antigen or epitope common to Ia and Ib strains. We now report the synthesis and immunogenicity testing of a type Ia polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (Ia-TT) conjugate vaccine. Ia-TT elicited type Ia polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in all three of the rabbi...

  13. THE MULTI-EPOCH NEARBY CLUSTER SURVEY: TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENT IN z ∼ 0.1 CLUSTERS AND THE LATE-TIME DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sand, David J.; Graham, Melissa L.; Bildfell, Chris; Pritchet, Chris; Zaritsky, Dennis; Just, Dennis W.; Herbert-Fort, Stéphane; Hoekstra, Henk; Sivanandam, Suresh; Foley, Ryan J.; Mahdavi, Andisheh

    2012-01-01

    We describe the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey, designed to measure the cluster Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate in a sample of 57 X-ray selected galaxy clusters, with redshifts of 0.05 200 (1 Mpc) of 0.042 +0.012 –0.010 +0.010 –0.008 SNuM (0.049 +0.016 –0.014 +0.005 –0.004 SNuM) and an SN Ia rate within red-sequence galaxies of 0.041 +0.015 –0.015 +0.005 –0.010 SNuM (0.041 +0.019 –0.015 +0.005 –0.004 SNuM). The red-sequence SN Ia rate is consistent with published rates in early-type/elliptical galaxies in the 'field'. Using our red-sequence SN Ia rate, and other cluster SN measurements in early-type galaxies up to z ∼ 1, we derive the late-time (>2 Gyr) delay time distribution (DTD) of SN Ia assuming a cluster early-type galaxy star formation epoch of z f = 3. Assuming a power-law form for the DTD, Ψ(t)∝t s , we find s = –1.62 ± 0.54. This result is consistent with predictions for the double degenerate SN Ia progenitor scenario (s ∼ –1) and is also in line with recent calculations for the double detonation explosion mechanism (s ∼ –2). The most recent calculations of the single degenerate scenario DTD predicts an order-of-magnitude drop-off in SN Ia rate ∼6-7 Gyr after stellar formation, and the observed cluster rates cannot rule this out.

  14. Escala sobre o clima para criatividade em sala de aula

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise de Souza Fleith

    Full Text Available O propósito deste estudo foi construir e validar uma escala sobre o clima para criatividade em sala de aula. Este instrumento visa auxiliar na identificação de fatores que contribuem para a expressão da criatividade em sala de aula, bem como aqueles que inibem a criatividade em turmas de 3ª e 4ª séries do ensino fundamental. A escala intitulada "Minha Sala de Aula" foi aplicada em 644 alunos de escolas públicas e particulares. Para exame da validade de construto do instrumento, utilizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória. A análise gerou cinco fatores: Suporte da Professora à Expressão de Idéias do Aluno, Autopercepção do Aluno com Relação à Criatividade, Interesse do Aluno pela Aprendizagem, Autonomia do Aluno e Estímulo da Professora à Produção de Idéias do Aluno. Os coeficientes de fidedignidade variaram de 0,55 a 0,73.

  15. The 'grey' assessment practice of IA screening

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bidstrup, Morten

    2017-01-01

    Research focusing on the practices surrounding screening in Impact Assessment (IA) is limited. Yet, it has been found that development proposals sometimes are adjusted through an informal dialog with IA practitioners prior to or during screening. Such practice is often referred to as ‘grey IA......’ in Denmark. This article explores the prevalence, influence and applied rationale of grey IA. Through a questionnaire, data was collected from 121 IA practitioners working within the fields of environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment. It was found that grey IA is a common...... practice, which influences the outcomes of formal screening procedures through consideration of impacts on neighbours and spatial zones of protection. Grey IA is to some extent motivated by the opportunity to save the resources required for full-scale IA, but an additional ‘green’ rationale also exists...

  16. MEASURING EJECTA VELOCITY IMPROVES TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA DISTANCES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foley, Ryan J.; Kasen, Daniel

    2011-01-01

    We use a sample of 121 spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to show that their intrinsic color is correlated with their ejecta velocity, as measured from the blueshift of the Si II λ6355 feature near maximum brightness, v SiII . The SN Ia sample was originally used by Wang et al. to show that the relationship between color excess and peak magnitude, which in the absence of intrinsic color differences describes a reddening law, was different for two subsamples split by v SiII (defined as 'Normal' and 'High Velocity'). We verify this result, but find that the two subsamples have the same reddening law when extremely reddened events (E(B - V)>0.35 mag) are excluded. We also show that (1) the High-Velocity subsample is offset by ∼0.06 mag to the red from the Normal subsample in the (B max - V max )-M V plane, (2) the B max - V max cumulative distribution functions of the two subsamples have nearly identical shapes, but the High-Velocity subsample is offset by ∼0.07 mag to the red in B max - V max , and (3) the bluest High-Velocity SNe Ia are ∼0.10 mag redder than the bluest Normal SNe Ia. Together, this evidence indicates a difference in intrinsic color for the subsamples. Accounting for this intrinsic color difference reduces the scatter in Hubble residuals from 0.190 mag to 0.130 mag for SNe Ia with A V ∼ V found in large SN Ia samples. We explain the correlation between ejecta velocity and color as increased line blanketing in the High-Velocity SNe Ia, causing them to become redder. We discuss some implications of this result, and stress the importance of spectroscopy for future SN Ia cosmology surveys, with particular focus on the design of WFIRST.

  17. Importância de Cryptosporidium spp. como causa de diarréia em bezerros Importance of Cryptosporidium spp. as a cause of diarrhea in calves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco L.F. Feitosa

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras de fezes de 14 bezerros e de suas mães até a oitava semana pós parição. A maior taxa de excreção de oocistos foi verificada em bezerros com sete dias de idade. Das vacas, 42,8% foram positivas para Cryptosporidium no período pós-parto. Em outra etapa deste estudo, foram acompanhados 57 bezerros positivos para Cryptosporidium, com até 30 dias de idade, provenientes de 32 propriedades leiteiras, e estudouse o grau de eliminação dos oocistos com a possível ocorrência de diarréia. Em todos os animais positivos para Cryptosporidium foi pesquisada a presença de bactérias enteropatogênicas, vírus (Rotavirus e Coronavirus e protozoários (Eimeria spp..The aim of this research was to evaluate the shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal samples from 14 calves from one dairy farm, from birth until 60 days old and from cows until eight weeks after parturition. The higher percentage of oocysts excreted was observed in 7-day-old calves. In the post-partum period 43.7% of cows were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Further analyses were accomplished in 57 calves from another 32 milk farms, previously known as positive for Cryptosporidium, through oocysts fecal screening and clinical signs analyses until calves were 30 days old. Fecal samples from all animals that presented diarrhea were screened for the presence of bacteria, virus (Rotavirus and Coronavirus and protozoa (Eimeria spp..

  18. CIRCUMSTELLAR SHELLS IN ABSORPTION IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borkowski, Kazimierz J.; Blondin, John M.; Reynolds, Stephen P.

    2009-01-01

    Progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) have been predicted to modify their ambient circumstellar (CSM) and interstellar environments through the action of their powerful winds. While there is X-ray and optical evidence for circumstellar interaction in several remnants of Type Ia SNe, widespread evidence for such interaction in Type Ia SNe themselves has been lacking. We consider prospects for the detection of CSM shells that have been predicted to be common around Type Ia SNe. Such shells are most easily detected in Na I absorption lines. Variable (declining) absorption is expected to occur soon after the explosion, primarily during the SN rise time, for shells located within ∼1-10 pc of a SN. The distance of the shell from the SN can be determined by measuring the timescale for line variability.

  19. Diferentes teores de proteína metabolizável em rações com cana-de-açúcar para vacas em lactação Different metabolizable protein levels in sugar cane diets to lactating dairy cows

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Imaizumi

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available

    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de proteína metabolizável (PM na ração de vacas lactantes alimentadas com cana-de-açúcar. Foram utilizadas dezoito vacas em lactação divididas em dois grupos de produção de leite (10 ou 18 kg/d, sendo os dados analisados separadamente. Avaliaram-se três tratamentos variando-se a dose de PM e proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR da ração, a partir de diferentes inclusões de uréia ou farelo de soja: 1 1% da mistura uréia e sulfato de amônia na cana-de-açúcar <em>in natura em>(controle; 2 teores adequados de PDR e PM; e 3 teores adequados de PDR e excessivos de PM. O delineamento estatístico foi o quadrado latino 3 x 3 com três repetições para cada grupo. Não se observaram diferenças estatísticas dos tratamentos (P>0,05 sobre o consumo de matéria seca, a produção de leite, os teores de gordura e de proteína do leite, as concentrações de nitrogênio uréico no leite (NUL e no plasma (NUP, independentemente do nível de produção dos animais. A recomendação de corrigir as rações com cana-de-açúcar <em>in natura em>com 1% da mistura uréia-sulfato de amônia foi adequada tanto para vacas produzindo 10 quanto 18 kg de leite/d. Não houve vantagem em aumentar o suprimento de PM para essas vacas.

     

    PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Fontes protéicas, produção de leite, proteína degradável no rúmen, uréia.

    The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of different metabolizable protein (MP levels on lactating dairy cows fed sugarcane diets. Eighteen lactating cows, divided in two groups of milk production (10 or 18 kg/d, were used, being data analyzed separately. Three treatments with varying levels of MP and rumen degradable protein (RDP, by different urea and soybean meal inclusions, were evaluated: 1 1% of the mixture urea and ammonium

  20. As identidades ficcionais de Raul Pompéia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franco Baptista Sandanello

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A fortuna crítica da obra de Raul Pompéia – especialmente, de seu romance O Ateneu – foi marcada por uma forte aproximação entre a vida do escritor e sua ficção. No entanto, pouco se falou a respeito de um aspecto muito curioso desta relação complexa entre vida e arte: o papel subsequente de Pompéia na literatura brasileira não como escritor, mas como personagem. Curiosamente, o romancista integra a trama de obras ficcionais como, por exemplo, Tentação, de Adolfo Caminha, O canudo, de Afonso Schmidt, e Investigação sobre Ariel, de Sílvio Fiorani. Nesse sentido, a partir de uma comparação entre estas obras, será discutida a possível figuração ficcional de Pompéia, assim como a posição particular de sua subjetividade dentro da mecânica narrativa de cada texto. Do primeiro ao último, há, por assim dizer, um progressivo distanciamento do universo ficcional por ele   criado (como o do citado O Ateneu e uma ênfase cada vez    maior em suas crises e inquietações pessoais. The critical reception of Raul Pompéia’s work – especially that of O Ateneu – has strongly identified over the years his biography to his fiction. However, very little was said on a    very peculiar aspect of this complex link between life and art: the subsequent role of Pompéia in Brazilian literature not as a    writer, but as a fictional character. Curiously, the writer integrates the plot of fictional works such as Tentação, by Adolfo Caminha, O canudo, by Afonso Schmidt, and Investigação sobre Ariel, by Sílvio Fiorani. In this regard, from an initial comparison of these texts, this article discusses the fictional figure of Pompéia, as well as the particular standing of his subjectivity in each narrative. So to speak, in these texts there is a gradual detachment of the fictional universe of his own    works (as that of O Ateneu and an increasing emphasis on his personal dramas and crisis.

  1. RATES AND DELAY TIMES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ruiter, Ashley J.; Belczynski, Krzysztof; Fryer, Chris

    2009-01-01

    We analyze the evolution of binary stars to calculate synthetic rates and delay times of the most promising Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitors. We present and discuss evolutionary scenarios in which a white dwarf (WD) reaches the Chandrasekhar mass and potentially explodes in a SNe Ia. We consider Double Degenerate (DDS; merger of two WDs), Single Degenerate (SDS; WD accreting from H-rich companion), and AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn; WD accreting from He-rich companion) scenarios. The results are presented for two different star formation histories: burst (elliptical-like galaxies) and continuous (spiral-like galaxies). It is found that delay times for the DDS in our standard model (with common envelope efficiency α CE = 1) follow a power-law distribution. For the SDS we note a wide range of delay times, while AM CVn progenitors produce a short burst of SNe Ia at early times. The DDS median delay time falls between ∼0.5 and 1 Gyr; the SDS between ∼2 and 3 Gyr; and the AM CVn between ∼0.8 and 0.6 Gyr depending on the assumed α CE . For a Milky-Way-like (MW-like) galaxy, we estimate the rates of SNe Ia arising from different progenitors as: ∼10 -4 yr -1 for the SDS and AM CVn, and ∼10 -3 yr -1 for the DDS. We point out that only the rates for two merging carbon-oxygen WDs, the only systems found in the DDS, are consistent with the observed rates for typical MW-like spirals. We also note that DDS progenitors are the dominant population in elliptical galaxies. The fact that the delay time distribution for the DDS follows a power law implies more SNe Ia (per unit mass) in young rather than in aged populations. Our results do not exclude other scenarios, but strongly indicate that the DDS is the dominant channel generating SNe Ia in spiral galaxies, at least in the framework of our adopted evolutionary models. Since it is believed that WD mergers cannot produce a thermonuclear explosion given the current understanding of accreting WDs, either the

  2. Mapping of epitopes for autoantibodies to the Type 1 diabetes autoantigen IA-2 by peptide phage display and molecular modelling: Overlap of antibody and T-cell determinants

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    A. Dromey, James; Weenink, Sarah M.; Peters, Günther H.J.

    2004-01-01

    IA-2 is a major target of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. IA-2 responsive T cells recognize determinants within regions represented by amino acids 787–817 and 841–869 of the molecule. Epitopes for IA-2 autoantibodies are largely conformational and not well defined. In this study, we used peptide......, and aromatic residues and amino acids contributing to the epitope investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of each of amino acids Asn858, Glu836, and Trp799 reduced 96/3 Ab binding by >45%. Mutations of these residues also inhibited binding of serum autoantibodies from IA-2 Ab-positive type 1...... phage display and homology modeling to characterize the epitope of a monoclonal IA-2 Ab (96/3) from a human type 1 diabetic patient. This Ab competes for IA-2 binding with Abs from the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes and therefore binds a region close to common autoantibody epitopes. Alignment...

  3. Células-tronco: pesquisa básica em saúde, da ética à panacéia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naara Luna

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available As terapias com células-tronco estão em fase experimental, mas têm sido representadas na mídia como panacéia que propiciaria a cura de diversas doenças, fato que garantiu a autorização do uso de embriões humanos para pesquisa. As terapias compreendem manipulação de material corporal na bioengenharia de construção de tecidos, o que sugere a representação do corpo humano como fábrica. Este trabalho mapeia os projetos de pesquisa com células-tronco no centro de ciências da saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior, considerando a organização do campo e o sistema de valores subjacente à atividade científica. Analisa-se o discurso de participantes dos projetos, pesquisadores de diversos níveis entrevistados acerca das perspectivas dessas investigações e suas implicações. Constata-se a aprovação dos protocolos com células-tronco adultas e polêmica quanto ao uso de embriões humanos. Buscam-se os fundamentos dessa argumentação e a relação com a organização do campo científico e a formação religiosa dos entrevistados.

  4. A Novel Apoptosis Correlated Molecule: Expression and Characterization of Protein Latcripin-1 from <em>Lentinula em>edodes> C91–3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Min Huang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available An apoptosis correlated molecule—protein Latcripin-1 of <em>Lentinula> edodesem> C91-3—was expressed and characterized in <em>Pichia pastorisem> GS115. The total RNA was obtained from <em>Lentinula edodesem> C91–3. According to the transcriptome, the full-length gene of Latcripin-1 was isolated with 3'-Full Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE and 5'-Full RACE methods. The full-length gene was inserted into the secretory expression vector pPIC9K. The protein Latcripin-1 was expressed in <em>Pichia pastorisem> GS115 and analyzed by Sodium Dodecylsulfonate Polyacrylate Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The Western blot showed that the protein was expressed successfully. The biological function of protein Latcripin-1 on A549 cells was studied with flow cytometry and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-Diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide (MTT method. The toxic effect of protein Latcripin-1 was detected with the MTT method by co-culturing the characterized protein with chick embryo fibroblasts. The MTT assay results showed that there was a great difference between protein Latcripin-1 groups and the control group (<em>p em>< 0.05. There was no toxic effect of the characterized protein on chick embryo fibroblasts. The flow cytometry showed that there was a significant difference between the protein groups of interest and the control group according to apoptosis function (<em>p em>< 0.05. At the same time, cell ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscopy supported the results of flow cytometry. The work demonstrates that protein Latcripin-1 can induce apoptosis of human lung cancer cells A549 and brings new insights into and advantages to finding anti-tumor proteins.

  5. SINGLE-DEGENERATE TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE PREFERENTIALLY OVERLUMINOUS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fisher, Robert; Jumper, Kevin

    2015-01-01

    Recent observational and theoretical progress has favored merging and helium-accreting sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs (WDs) in the double-degenerate and the double-detonation channels, respectively, as the most promising progenitors of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Thus the fate of rapidly accreting Chandrasekhar mass WDs in the single-degenerate channel remains more mysterious then ever. In this paper, we clarify the nature of ignition in Chandrasekhar-mass single-degenerate SNe Ia by analytically deriving the existence of a characteristic length scale which establishes a transition from central ignitions to buoyancy-driven ignitions. Using this criterion, combined with data from three-dimensional simulations of convection and ignition, we demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of ignition events within Chandrasekhar-mass WDs in the single-degenerate channel are buoyancy-driven, and consequently lack a vigorous deflagration phase. We thus infer that single-degenerate SNe Ia are generally expected to lead to overluminous 1991T-like SNe Ia events. We establish that the rates predicted from both the population of supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) and binary population synthesis models of the single-degenerate channel are broadly consistent with the observed rates of overluminous SNe Ia, and suggest that the population of SSSs are the dominant stellar progenitors of SNe 1991T-like events. We further demonstrate that the single-degenerate channel contribution to the normal and failed 2002cx-like rates is not likely to exceed 1% of the total SNe Ia rate. We conclude with a range of observational tests of overluminous SNe Ia which will either support or strongly constrain the single-degenerate scenario

  6. File list: His.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available His.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 Histone Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX101485,...SRX825383,SRX152077,SRX190044,SRX825376,SRX825390 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/His.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  7. File list: His.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available His.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 Histone Pancreas PANC-1 SRX825369,SRX101484,SRX101485,...SRX152077,SRX825383,SRX825376,SRX190044,SRX825390 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/His.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  8. File list: His.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  9. File list: His.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  10. O teatro dos "bóias-frias": repensando a antropologia da performance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John C. Dawsey

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Os escritos de Victor Turner referentes à antropologia da performance são sugestivos para a análise do que poderíamos chamar de "teatro dos bóias-frias". Mas esse teatro de canaviais e carrocerias de caminhões também é sugestivo: trata-se de um lugar privilegiado para se repensar um conjunto de questões que emergem nas interfaces da performance e antropologia. Tendo-se em vista a especificidade da "prática de calcular o lugar olhado das coisas" que caracteriza esse teatro, os seguintes tópicos pontuam o texto que vem a seguir: 1 dramas sociais; 2 relações entre dramas sociais e dramas estéticos; 3 símbolos e montagens; e 4 paradigmas do teatro na antropologia. Uma observação: nesse exercício de repensar algumas contribuições "clássicas" de Victor Turner, Erving Goffman e Richard Schechner, encontro "afinidades eletivas" entre, por um lado, o pensamento de Walter Benjamin e a dramaturgia de Bertolt Brecht, e, por outro, os princípios dramatúrgicos dos "bóias-frias".The anthropology of performance, as understood by Victor Turner, provides interesting perspectives for the analysis of what may be referred to as the "theater of bóias-frias". Conversely, this theater may be of special interest for purposes of rethinking some of the main propositions which have arisen on the borders between anthropology and performance. Considering the specificity of "the practice which calculates the place from which one views things" of this theater, several topics present themselves as guidelines for the text which follows: 1 social dramas, 2 relations between social and aesthetic dramas, 3 symbols and montage, and 4 theater paradigms in anthropology. In this exercise to rethink some of the "classic" contributions of Victor Turner, Erving Goffman, and Richard Schechner, "elective affinities" have been found between, on the one hand, the writings of Walter Benjamin and Brechtian theater, and, on the other, the dramaturgical principles of the

  11. Rinoliquorréia e hidrocefalia por gliose do aqueduto cerebral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter C. Pereira

    1967-03-01

    Full Text Available É relatado um caso de hidrocefalia tardia, determinada por gliose do aqueduto cerebral, complicada com rinoliquorréia. A fístula do líquido cefalorraqueano se estabeleceu em conseqüência da erosão da sela turca pelo assoalho do 3.° ventriculo hipertenso e dilatado, determinando comunicação entre a cavidade ventricular e o seio esfenoidal. O paciente foi operado, tendo a fístula sido ocluída satisfatoriamente; previamente foi feita derivação ventrículo-peritoneal para evitar recidiva da hipertensão do sistema ventricular.

  12. Tratamento da cefaléia em uma unidade de emergência da cidade de Ribeirão Preto Headache treatment in an emergency room of the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARCELO EDUARDO BIGAL

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available Cefaléia é dos sintomas mais comuns na prática clínica. Acarreta considerável impacto econômico e sobrecarrega as unidades de emergência. A maioria destas, em nosso país, não dispõe de triptans. O presente estudo analisa o tratamento instituído na Unidade de Emergência do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Em 1996, 1254 pacientes foram atendidos com esta queixa e 64 necessitaram de internação. Dos pacientes não internados (NI, 77% apresentavam cefaléias primárias, contra 29,7% dos pacientes internados (I. A percentagem de melhora nos pacientes com migrânea com a dipirona endovenosa foi 83,8%, com o diclofenaco intramuscular 66,7% e com a clorpromazina (endovenosa 81,8%. As percentagens de pacientes com cefaléia do tipo tensional que melhoraram, frente às mesmas drogas foram, respectivamente 77,8%, 80% e 100%. Dos NI 16,3% tiveram melhora sem qualquer tratamento medicamentoso. Concluímos que as drogas utilizadas apresentam perfis semelhantes de eficácia e custo, podendo ser utilizadas em unidades básicas de saúde. O maior inconveniente é a administração parenteral.Headache is one of the most common symptoms observed in clinical practice. It has a considerable economic impact and overburdens emergency rooms. In Brazil, most emergency rooms have no tryptans. The present study analyses the treatment provided by the Emergency Room of the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto. In 1996, 1254 patients were treated for headache and 64 of them required hospitalization. Of the non-hospitalized (NH patients, 77% had primary headache, as opposed to 29.7% of hospitalized patients. Of the patients with migraine, 83.6% improved with intravenous dipyrone, 66.7% improved with intramuscular diclofenac and 81.8% improved with intravenous chlorpromazine. The percentages of patients with tension-type headache who improved with the same drugs were 77.8%, 80% and 100%, respectively. Among NH patients, 16.3% improved without any

  13. File list: ALL.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  14. File list: ALL.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  15. File list: ALL.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  16. Enteropatógenos relacionados à diarréia em pacientes HIV que fazem uso de terapia anti-retroviral Enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Áurea Regina Telles Pupulin

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available A etiologia do processo diarréico na AIDS pode ser causada por vírus, bactérias, fungos, protozoários e helmintos, assim como pelo próprio HIV. Este trabalho avaliou enteropatogenos relacionados à diarréia em pacientes HIV que fazem uso de terapia anti-retroviral. Os métodos parasitológicos utilizados foram Faust, Hoffmann e Kinyoun. O isolamento e cultura dos fungos foram realizados conforme metodologia recomendada por NCCLS M27-A standard. A identificação das espécies de leveduras foi realizada através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. O isolamento de bactérias, foi feito em agar Mac Conkey e agar SS, a identificação das espécies através do Enterokit B (Probac do Brasil e métodos bioquímicos. Foram avaliados 49 pacientes, 44,9% apresentaram enteroparasitas, 48,1% Candida sp com 61,5% Candida albicans, 7,6% Candida sp e 30,7% Candida não- albicans. Foram isoladas bactérias de 72% dos pacientes, 49% Escherichia coli, 13% Salmonella parathyphi, Klebsiella sp ou Proteus e 6% Citrobacter freundii ou Yersinia sp. Houve alta prevalência de Candida sp nos pacientes HIV com diarréia e foram isoladas espécies não albicans cuja presença pode ser entendida como cúmplice ou causa da infecção.The etiology of the diarrheic process in AIDS may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa or helminths, as well as HIV itself. This study evaluated enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in HIV patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. The parasitological methods used were Faust, Hoffmann and Kinyoun. Isolation and culturing of fungi were carried out in accordance with the methodology recommended by the NCCLS M27-A standard. The yeast species were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR. Bacteria were isolated on MacConkey and SS agar and the species were identified using Enterokit B (Probac do Brasil and biochemical methods. Forty-nine patients were evaluated: 44.89% presented enteroparasites and 48.1% presented

  17. Enteropatógenos associados com diarréia infantil (< 5 anos de idade em amostra da população da área metropolitana de Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil Enteropathogens associated with diarrheal disease in infants (< 5 years old in a population sample in Greater Metropolitan Criciúma, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felice Jaqueline Schnack

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi investigada a presença de enteropatógenos em 94 casos de diarréia e 45 casos-controle em crianças de 0 a 5 anos de idade, atendidas no Centro de Saúde Municipal de Criciúma, Santa Catarina. Entre os parasitos isolados, o Cryptosporidium (85,1% foi o mais freqüente, seguido pela Entamoeba histolytica (56,4% e a Giardia lamblia (4,3%. Quatro amostras apresentaram Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (4,3%. A Samonella e a Shiguella não foram detectadas em nenhuma amostra. Somente um caso foi positivo para o rotavírus (1,1%.Enteropathogens were investigated in 94 children with diarrhea and 45 age-matched controls, 0 to 5 years old, attending an outpatient unit in Criciúma, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Cryptosporidium (85.1% topped the list of parasite isolates, followed by Entamoeba histolytica (56.4% and Giardia lamblia (4.3%. Four samples contained enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (4.3%. Samonella and Shiguella were not detected. Only one sample contained rotavirus (1.1%.

  18. Eletroforese para detecção de hemoglobina fetal em pacientes do ambulatório de hematologia e hemoterapia do Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba (CHS com anemia falciforme e uso de hidroxiuréia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Damada Garcia

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: As hemoglobinopatias são distúrbios genéticos que se apresentam por padrão de herança recessiva e incluem a anemia falciforme e as síndromes falcêmicas (hemoglobinopatia SC e a S/β-talassemia. Na anemia falciforme as moléculas de adesão dos eritrócritos, leucócitos e plaquetas estão envolvidas na oclusão vascular. Nas síndromes falcêmicas, o quadro costuma ser mais brando. Pesquisas demonstram que o tratamento com hidroxiuréia (HU promove melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes que a utilizam. O mesmo tem se mostrado efetivo por aumentar a expressão de hemoglobina fetal (HbF, diminuindo assim as complicações de vaso-oclusão, hemólise e diminuição da expressão de moléculas de adesão. Objetivos: Nesta pesquisa, utilizamos o teste de eletroforese alcalina (pH 8,6 para o monitoramento de expressão da HbF nos pacientes do Ambulatório de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do CHS portadores de anemia falciforme e nos portadores de síndromes falcêmicas em tratamento com HU. Metodologia: Aplicou-se o teste de eletroforese em acetato de celulose em pH alcalino (8,6 e, posteriormente, as fitas de acetato submetidas ao campo elétrico foram coradas por Ponceau, transparentizadas e fixadas em lâminas de microscopia para análise e registro. Resultados: Foram realizados 100 testes cegos em amostras de sangue provenientes dos pacientes do Ambulatório de Anemia Falciforme do CHS, entre os quais analisamos 28 pacientes com anemia falciforme e 12 com síndromes falcêmicas. Na avaliação eletroforética do uso ou não uso de hidroxiuréia nos grupos investigados, observamos que não houve diferença significativa na expressão de HbF (p=0,3173. Além disso, comparamos os índices hematimétricos dos dois grupos e verificamos que os valores médios de VCM e HCM aumentaram em relação à concentração de HU utilizada, embora não tenham sido analisados estatisticamente.

  19. IAS 39 og konverterbar gæld

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fredslund Møller, Peder; Thinggaard, Frank

    , at der er en betydelig beholdning af konverterbare realkreditlån, som der skal aflægges regnskab for. Denne artikel har til formål at belyse de alternativer, der findes i IAS39 til regnskabsmæssig behandling af konverterbar gæld. I juli 2008 kom der en tilføjelse til IAS 39, "Eligible Hedged Items". Den......: 1. dagsværdimetode, hvor "hele det konverterbare lån", dvs. både den "rene gæld" og den indbyggede indfrielsesoption, der iflg. IAS 39 udgør de to komponenter i et konverterbart lån, føres til dagsværdi, 2. udskillelsesmetode, hvor der anvendes amortiseret kostpris for den "rene gæld" og dagsværdi...

  20. Reorganização do trabalho em uma agência da Previdência Social: resistência à mudança ou preservação da saúde?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cirlene de Souza Christo

    Full Text Available RESUMO A partir do conceito de saúde de Canguilhem e de atividade de trabalho em ergonomia e ergologia, pretendeu-se melhor situar a discussão sobre as mudanças em curso em uma agência da Previdência Social e a saúde dos servidores. O método, baseado em um dispositivo dinâmico de três polos, incluiu observação, conversas e encontros sobre o trabalho. Além de singularidades das atividades de trabalho, identificou-se que a suposta resistência à mudança tem relação com a exigência de constante atualização profissional em um quadro de complexas relações trabalhistas. Concluiu-se que as propostas de mudança que não consideram a complexidade das situações de trabalho podem ser um obstáculo à saúde.

  1. Trivial topological phase of CaAgP and the topological nodal-line transition in CaAg (P1 -xA sx)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, N.; Qian, Y. T.; Wu, Q. S.; Autès, G.; Matt, C. E.; Lv, B. Q.; Yao, M. Y.; Strocov, V. N.; Pomjakushina, E.; Conder, K.; Plumb, N. C.; Radovic, M.; Yazyev, O. V.; Qian, T.; Ding, H.; Mesot, J.; Shi, M.

    2018-04-01

    By performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we address the topological phase of CaAgP and investigate the topological phase transition in CaAg (P1 -xA sx) . We reveal that in CaAgP, the bulk band gap and surface states with a large bandwidth are topologically trivial, in agreement with hybrid density functional theory calculations. The calculations also indicate that application of "negative" hydrostatic pressure can transform trivial semiconducting CaAgP into an ideal topological nodal-line semimetal phase. The topological transition can be realized by partial isovalent P/As substitution at x =0.38 .

  2. THE AGES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brandt, Timothy D.; Aubourg, Eric; Strauss, Michael A.; Tojeiro, Rita; Heavens, Alan; Jimenez, Raul

    2010-01-01

    Using light curves and host galaxy spectra of 101 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with redshift z ∼ 2.4 Gyr. We find that each channel contributes roughly half of the Type Ia rate in our reference sample. We also construct the average spectra of high-stretch and low-stretch SN Ia host galaxies, and find that the difference of these spectra looks like a main-sequence B star with nebular emission lines indicative of star formation. This supports our finding that there are two populations of SNe Ia, and indicates that the progenitors of high-stretch supernovae are at the least associated with very recent star formation in the last few tens of Myr. Our results provide valuable constraints for models of Type Ia progenitors and may help improve the calibration of SNe Ia as standard candles.

  3. PGC-1α expression in murine AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonathan F. Gill

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Food intake and whole-body energy homeostasis are controlled by agouti-related protein (AgRP and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Key energy sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK or sirtuin 1 (SIRT1, are essential in AgRP and POMC cells to ensure proper energy balance. In peripheral tissues, the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α closely associates with these sensors to regulate cellular metabolism. The role of PGC-1α in the ARC nucleus, however, remains unknown. Methods: Using AgRP and POMC neurons specific knockout (KO mouse models we studied the consequences of PGC-1α deletion on metabolic parameters during fed and fasted states and on ghrelin and leptin responses. We also took advantage of an immortalized AgRP cell line to assess the impact of PGC-1α modulation on fasting induced AgRP expression. Results: PGC-1α is dispensable for POMC functions in both fed and fasted states. In stark contrast, mice carrying a specific deletion of PGC-1α in AgRP neurons display increased adiposity concomitant with significantly lower body temperature and RER values during nighttime. In addition, the absence of PGC-1α in AgRP neurons reduces food intake in the fed and fasted states and alters the response to leptin. Finally, both in vivo and in an immortalized AgRP cell line, PGC-1α modulates AgRP expression induction upon fasting. Conclusions: Collectively, our results highlight a role for PGC-1α in the regulation of AgRP neuronal functions in the control of food intake and peripheral metabolism. Author Video: Author Video Watch what authors say about their articles Keywords: PGC-1α, Agouti-related protein, Metabolism, Energy homeostasis, Pro-opiomelanocortin, Transcriptional regulation

  4. IMPROVED DISTANCES TO TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE WITH TWO SPECTROSCOPIC SUBCLASSES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, X.; Filippenko, A. V.; Ganeshalingam, M.; Li, W.; Silverman, J. M.; Chornock, R.; Foley, R. J.; Macomber, B.; Serduke, F. J. D.; Steele, T. N.; Wong, D. S.; Wang, L.; Gates, E. L.

    2009-01-01

    We study the observables of 158 relatively normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by dividing them into two groups in terms of the expansion velocity inferred from the absorption minimum of the Si II λ6355 line in their spectra near B-band maximum brightness. One group ('Normal') consists of normal SNe Ia populating a narrow strip in the Si II velocity distribution, with an average expansion velocity (v) = 10, 600 ± 400 km s -1 near B maximum; the other group ('HV') consists of objects with higher velocities, v ∼> 11, 800 km s -1 . Compared with the Normal group, the HV one shows a narrower distribution in both the peak luminosity and the luminosity decline rate Δm 15 . In particular, their B-V colors at maximum brightness are found to be on average redder by ∼ 0.1 mag, suggesting that they either are associated with dusty environments or have intrinsically red B-V colors. The HV SNe Ia are also found to prefer a lower extinction ratio R V ∼ 1.6 (versus ∼ 2.4 for the Normal ones). Applying such an absorption-correction dichotomy to SNe Ia of these two groups remarkably reduces the dispersion in their peak luminosity from 0.178 mag to only 0.125 mag.

  5. Controllable Charge Transfer in Ag-TiO2 Composite Structure for SERS Application

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yaxin Wang

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The nanocaps array of TiO2/Ag bilayer with different Ag thicknesses and co-sputtering TiO2-Ag monolayer with different TiO2 contents were fabricated on a two-dimensional colloidal array substrate for the investigation of Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS properties. For the TiO2/Ag bilayer, when the Ag thickness increased, SERS intensity decreased. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement was observed when the sublayer Ag was 10 nm compared to the pure Ag monolayer, which was ascribed to the metal-semiconductor synergistic effect that electromagnetic mechanism (EM provided by roughness surface and charge-transfer (CT enhancement mechanism from TiO2-Ag composite components. In comparison to the TiO2/Ag bilayer, the co-sputtered TiO2-Ag monolayer decreased the aggregation of Ag particles and led to the formation of small Ag particles, which showed that TiO2 could effectively inhibit the aggregation and growth of Ag nanoparticles.

  6. THE RISE TIME OF NORMAL AND SUBLUMINOUS TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.; Perrett, K.; Carlberg, R. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. george Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada); Conley, A. [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0593 (United States); Bianco, F. B.; Howell, D. A.; Graham, M. L. [Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Broida Hall, Mail Code 9530, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530 (United States); Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M. [Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, DWB, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Fourmanoit, N.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R. [LPNHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France); Balam, D. [Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7 (Canada); Basa, S. [Laboratoire d' Astrophysique de Marseille, Pole de l' Etoile Site de Chateau-Gombert, 38, rue Frederic Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13 (France); Fouchez, D. [CPPM, CNRS-IN2P3 and University Aix Marseille II, Case 907, 13288 Marseille cedex 9 (France); Lidman, C. [Australian Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710 (Australia); Palanque-Delabrouille, N., E-mail: gonzalez@astro.utoronto.ca [DSM/IRFU/SPP, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); and others

    2012-01-20

    We calculate the average stretch-corrected rise time of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the Supernova Legacy Survey. We use the aggregate light curves of spectroscopic and photometrically identified SNe Ia to fit the rising part of the light curve with a simple quadratic model. We obtain a light curve shape corrected, i.e., stretch-corrected, fiducial rise time of 17.02{sup +0.18}{sub -0.28} (stat) days. The measured rise time differs from an earlier finding by the SNLS (Conley et al.) due to the use of different SN Ia templates. We compare it to nearby samples using the same methods and find no evolution in the early part of the light curve of SNe Ia up to z = 1. We search for variations among different populations, particularly subluminous objects, by dividing the sample in stretch. Bright and slow decliners (s > 1.0) have consistent stretch-corrected rise times compared to fainter and faster decliners (0.8 < s {<=} 1.0); they are shorter by 0.57{sup +0.47}{sub -0.50} (stat) days. Subluminous SNe Ia (here defined as objects with s {<=} 0.8), although less constrained, are also consistent, with a rise time of 18.03{sup +0.81}{sub -1.37} (stat) days. We study several systematic biases and find that the use of different fiducial templates may affect the average rise time but not the intrinsic differences between populations. Based on our results, we estimate that subluminous SNe Ia are powered by 0.05-0.35 M{sub Sun} of {sup 56}Ni synthesized in the explosion. Our conclusions are the same for the single-stretch and two-stretch parameterizations of the light curve.

  7. Substituição do milho e do feno de capim-tifton por palma forrageira. Produção de proteína microbiana e excreção de uréia e de derivados de purina em vacas lactantes Effects of replacing of corn and Tifton hay with forage cactus on microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Veronaldo Souza de Oliveira

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido com os objetivos de estimar a produção e a eficiência de síntese de proteína microbiana utilizando-se a excreção total de derivados de purinas (DP e avaliar as concentrações de uréia na urina, de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite de vacas holandesas em lactação alimentadas com dietas formuladas com diferentes níveis (0; 12,0; 25,0; 38,0 e 51,0% de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill em substituição total ao milho (Zea mays L. e parcial ao feno de capim-tifton (Cynodon spp. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas holandesas distribuídas em um quadrado latino 5 x 5. Cada período experimental teve duração de 17 dias, dez para adaptação dos animais à dieta e sete para coleta de dados. O volume urinário foi estimado em amostras spot de urina obtidas 4 horas após a alimentação. O volume urinário (27,62 L, a excreção urinária de ácido úrico (35,78 mmol/dia, alantoína na urina (288,42 mmol/dia, alantoína no leite (18,11 mmol/dia e alantoína total (306,54 mmol/dia, a excreção de derivados de purina total (342,33 mmol/dia e de purinas absorvidas (350,03 mmol/dia, a síntese de proteína microbiana (1.376,07g/dia e a eficiência da síntese de proteína microbiana (115,38 g/kgNDTconsumido não foram afetados pela substituição do milho e do feno de tifton por palma na dieta. A excreção de uréia na urina (mg/kg PV e as concentrações de uréia e N-uréia no plasma (mg/dL decresceram de forma linear, enquanto a excreção e as concentrações de uréia e N-uréia no leite e de glicose plasmática não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de palma na dieta. O milho pode ser substituído integralmente e o feno, parcialmente, por palma forrageira em dietas para vacas holandesas em lactação, pois a substituição não afetou a produção de proteína microbiana ou as perdas do nitrogênio dietético pela excreção de uréia.The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of replacing

  8. Estudo da radiosensibilidade ao 60CO do Vibrio cholerae O1 incorporado em ostras Radiosensibility of Vibrio cholerae o1 incorporated in oysters, to 60CO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivany R de Moraes

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficiência da radiação ionizante por 60CO na eliminação de Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor Ogawa, não-toxigênico, incorporados laboratorialmente em ostras vivas da espécie Crassostrea brasiliana. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas amostras de ostras provenientes de Canan��ia (litoral sul de São Paulo, Brasil, as quais foram contaminadas com Vibrio cholerae e irradiadas com doses de 0,5 kGy e 1,0 kGy. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diminuições significativas do número inicial do microrganismo indicado: de 3,4.10(7 para 10³ e 10², respectivamente. Os valores de D10 correspondentes foram de 0,173 a 0,235. CONCLUSÃO: Adotando-se o fator 6 como nível de segurança, conclui-se que a dose de irradiação de 1,41 kGy é necessária para eliminar números elevados de células viáveis de V. cholerae em ostras. Os experimentos foram realizados com os controles respectivos.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of ionizing irradiation by 60Co on Vibrio cholerae O1, El-Tor, Ogawa, non-toxigenic, incorporated in live oysters Crassostrea brasiliana. METHODS: Samples of oysters were selected from Cananéia town in the South coast of S. Paulo state, Brazil, contaminated with Vibrio cholerae and irradiated with 60Co at 0.5 and 1.0 kGy dosages. RESULTS: Showed significant reductions of the initial number of V. cholerae , ranging from 3.4 x10(7 to 10³ and 10², respectively. The D10 values related with the respective doses of irradiation were 0.173 and 0.235. CONCLUSION: Considering a 6 value as safety factor, it is concluded that 1.41 kGy irradiation dosage is necessary to eliminate a high number of V. cholerae viable cells in oysters. Controls were used in the experiment.

  9. Low-z Type Ia Supernova Calibration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamuy, Mario

    The discovery of acceleration and dark energy in 1998 arguably constitutes one of the most revolutionary discoveries in astrophysics in recent years. This paradigm shift was possible thanks to one of the most traditional cosmological tests: the redshift-distance relation between galaxies. This discovery was based on a differential measurement of the expansion rate of the universe: the current one provided by nearby (low-z) type Ia supernovae and the one in the past measured from distant (high-z) supernovae. This paper focuses on the first part of this journey: the calibration of the type Ia supernova luminosities and the local expansion rate of the universe, which was made possible thanks to the introduction of digital CCD (charge-coupled device) digital photometry. The new technology permitted us in the early 1990s to convert supernovae as precise tools to measure extragalactic distances through two key surveys: (1) the "Tololo Supernova Program" which made possible the critical discovery of the "peak luminosity-decline rate" relation for type Ia supernovae, the key underlying idea today behind precise cosmology from supernovae, and (2) the Calán/Tololo project which provided the low - z type Ia supernova sample for the discovery of acceleration.

  10. Atomic and electronic structures of the (√(13)×√(13))R13.9° of silicene sheet on Ag(1 1 1)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tchalala, Mohamed Rachid [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences-Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40001 (Morocco); Enriquez, Hanna [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Yildirim, Handan; Kara, Abdelkader [Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 (United States); Mayne, Andrew J.; Dujardin, Gérald [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Ali, Mustapha Ait [Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences-Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40001 (Morocco); Oughaddou, Hamid, E-mail: Hamid.Oughaddou@u-psud.fr [Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, ISMO-CNRS, Bât. 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay (France); Département de Physique, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex (France)

    2014-06-01

    Using scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction measurements, and ab initio calculations based on density functional theory, we present atomic models of the (√(13)×√(13))R13.9° silicene superstructure grown on Ag(1 1 1). The STM images reveal two co-existing atomic arrangements with two different orientations of the silicene sheet relative to the Ag(1 1 1) surface. DFT calculations with and without the inclusion of van der Waals interactions show corrugated Si atomic positions for both orientations implying a significant interaction with Ag(1 1 1) surface. The electronic structure of both silicene and Ag(1 1 1) surface are sufficiently affected that new interface states emerge close to the Fermi level.

  11. File list: Oth.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  12. File list: Oth.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  13. File list: Oth.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  14. File list: Oth.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  15. Code on nuclear air and gas treatment ASME/ANSI AG-1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miller, W.H. Jr.

    1993-01-01

    The focus of this panel is on equipment code section work over the past two years. Major topics include changes in Filter Code Sections, revamping of the Ductwork Code Section, and emergence of an improved I ampersand C Code Section. Actual applications of AG-1 are to be discussed by CONAGT members. Remaining time will be devoted to fielding questions concerning ASMA/ANSI AG-1

  16. Autoantibodies to IA-2beta improve diabetes risk assessment in high-risk relatives

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Achenbach, P; Bonifacio, E; Williams, A J K

    2008-01-01

    -positive participants (median age 12.1 years; 57% male), 113 developed diabetes (5 year cumulative risk 56%), and 148 were also GADA-positive and IAA-positive (4Ab-positive). IA2betaA were detected in 137 (65%) ICA/IA2A-positive participants and were associated with an increased 5 year diabetes risk (IA2beta......A-positive 65 vs 39% in IA2betaA-negative, p=0.0002). The effect was most marked in 4Ab-positive relatives (72% vs 52%, p=0.003). Metabolic testing further refined risk assessment. Among 101 4Ab-positive relatives with IA2betaA, the 5 year risk was 94% in those with a low FPIR (vs 50% in those with a normal...... FPIR, p4Ab/IA2betaA-positive participants with a low FPIR was 1.5 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed IA2betaA status, antibody number, young...

  17. Alteration in murine epidermal Langerhans cell population by various UV irradiations: quantitative and morphologic studies on the effects of various wavelengths of monochromatic radiation on Ia-bearing cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obata, M.; Tagami, H.

    1985-01-01

    The present study was undertaken in order to clarify the exact mode of the Langerhans cell (LC) depleting process caused by UV irradiation. Following irradiation with a single dose of various wavelengths of monochromatic UV radiation (UVR), the number of Ia-positive cells were studied in mouse epidermal sheets quantitatively, particularly with regard to dose-response relationships, action spectrum, and time course change. In addition, morphologic alterations of these cells were studied using electron- and immunoelectron microscopy (EM and IEM). The authors obtained the following results after a single dose of UVB radiation (200 mJ/cm2 of 300 nm) or PUVA (1% of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) 20 microliter and 1 J/cm2 of 360 nm): (1) EM and IEM showed that while some LCs simply lost their Ia marker without any structural alterations, the majority of the LCs disappeared due to actual cell damage. (2) During an ''injury phase,'' the initial 48 h, and a ''recovery phase,'' lasting from 4-14 days after irradiation, enlargement of the size of remaining Ia-positive LCs occurred. The degree of enlargement was closely related to the degree of reduction in number, suggesting a process compensating for the loss of the LC population. (3) It was found that the recovery rate of LCs after irradiation damage was slower than that of keratinocytes, indicating different cell kinetics between these distinct cell populations in the epidermis, i.e., restoration of LCs after irradiation seems to be achieved at least partially through a repopulation process originating in the bone marrow

  18. Physics of type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoeflich, Peter

    2006-01-01

    The last decade has witnessed an explosive growth of high-quality data for thermonuclear explosions of a white dwarf star, the type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Advances in computational methods provide new insights into the physics of the phenomenon and a direct, quantitative link between observables and explosion physics. Both trends combined provided spectacular results, allowed to address, to identify specific problems and to narrow down the range of scenarios. Current topics include the relation between SNe Ia and their progenitors, the influence of the metallicities and accretion on the explosion, and details of the burning front. How can we understand the apparent homogeneity and probe for the diversity of SNe Ia? Here, we want give an overview of the current status of our understanding of supernovae physics in light of recent results

  19. IAS 41 Agriculture: Fair Value Accounting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viorel Lefter

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available Issuing this standard that had to be applied for the first time for the financial statements started after 1.01.2003 meant a change of direction from two points of view: on one hand, through IAS 41 was issued for the first time an extensive standard typical for this sector and, on the other hand, for the first time were included in the income statement, independently from the sales transactions, incomes from variations of the fair value of an asset. Because of this last aspect, IAS 41 can be considered an important standard, because it represents the starting point of a consistent transition from the purchase cost principle towards a fair value accounting. IASC has dedicated to the thematic field of agriculture a specific standard, because this economic branch has a great importance for the developing countries. On the other hand, IAS 41 is also applied for the agricultural activities of the enterprises from other sectors.

  20. EVOLUTION IN THE VOLUMETRIC TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE FROM THE SUPERNOVA LEGACY SURVEY

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perrett, K.; Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.; Carlberg, R. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4 (Canada); Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M. [Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, DWB, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Conley, A. [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 593 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0593 (United States); Fouchez, D. [CPPM, CNRS-IN2P3 and University Aix Marseille II, Case 907, 13288 Marseille cedex 9 (France); Ripoche, P. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mail Stop 50-232, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Neill, J. D. [Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N. [LPNHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris (France); Balam, D. [Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7 (Canada); Basa, S. [Laboratoire d' Astrophysique de Marseille, Pole de l' Etoile Site de Chateau-Gombert, 38, rue Frederic Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13 (France); Howell, D. A. [Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 (United States); Palanque-Delabrouille, N. [DSM/IRFU/SPP, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Pritchet, C., E-mail: perrett@astro.utoronto.ca, E-mail: sullivan@astro.ox.ac.uk [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6 (Canada); and others

    2012-08-15

    We present a measurement of the volumetric Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate (SNR{sub Ia}) as a function of redshift for the first four years of data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). This analysis includes 286 spectroscopically confirmed and more than 400 additional photometrically identified SNe Ia within the redshift range 0.1 {<=} z {<=} 1.1. The volumetric SNR{sub Ia} evolution is consistent with a rise to z {approx} 1.0 that follows a power law of the form (1+z){sup {alpha}}, with {alpha} = 2.11 {+-} 0.28. This evolutionary trend in the SNLS rates is slightly shallower than that of the cosmic star formation history (SFH) over the same redshift range. We combine the SNLS rate measurements with those from other surveys that complement the SNLS redshift range, and fit various simple SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD) models to the combined data. A simple power-law model for the DTD (i.e., {proportional_to}t{sup -{beta}}) yields values from {beta} = 0.98 {+-} 0.05 to {beta} = 1.15 {+-} 0.08 depending on the parameterization of the cosmic SFH. A two-component model, where SNR{sub Ia} is dependent on stellar mass (M{sub stellar}) and star formation rate (SFR) as SNR{sub Ia}(z) = A Multiplication-Sign M{sub stellar}(z) + B Multiplication-Sign SFR(z), yields the coefficients A = (1.9 {+-} 0.1) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -14} SNe yr{sup -1} M{sup -1}{sub Sun} and B = (3.3 {+-} 0.2) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -4} SNe yr{sup -1} (M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}){sup -1}. More general two-component models also fit the data well, but single Gaussian or exponential DTDs provide significantly poorer matches. Finally, we split the SNLS sample into two populations by the light-curve width (stretch), and show that the general behavior in the rates of faster-declining SNe Ia (0.8 {<=} s < 1.0) is similar, within our measurement errors, to that of the slower objects (1.0 {<=} s < 1.3) out to z {approx} 0.8.

  1. SHOCK BREAKOUT FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piro, Anthony L.; Chang, Philip; Weinberg, Nevin N.

    2010-01-01

    The mode of explosive burning in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains an outstanding problem. It is generally thought to begin as a subsonic deflagration, but this may transition into a supersonic detonation (the delayed detonation transition, DDT). We argue that this transition leads to a breakout shock, which would provide the first unambiguous evidence that DDTs occur. Its main features are a hard X-ray flash (∼20 keV) lasting ∼10 -2 s with a total radiated energy of ∼10 40 erg, followed by a cooling tail. This creates a distinct feature in the visual light curve, which is separate from the nickel decay. This cooling tail has a maximum absolute visual magnitude of M V ∼ -9 to -10 at ∼1 day, which depends most sensitively on the white dwarf radius at the time of the DDT. As the thermal diffusion wave moves in, the composition of these surface layers may be imprinted as spectral features, which would help to discern between SN Ia progenitor models. Since this feature should accompany every SNe Ia, future deep surveys (e.g., m = 24) will see it out to a distance of ∼80 Mpc, giving a maximum rate of ∼60 yr -1 . Archival data sets can also be used to study the early rise dictated by the shock heating (at ∼20 days before maximum B-band light). A similar and slightly brighter event may also accompany core bounce during the accretion-induced collapse to a neutron star, but with a lower occurrence rate.

  2. Proteomic Investigation of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 Identifies Secretome and Mycelial Proteins with roles in Plant Cell Wall Degradation and Virulence

    KAUST Repository

    Lakshman, Dilip; Roberts, Daniel P.; Garrett, Wesley M.; Natarajan, Savithiry S.; Darwish, Omar; Alkharouf, Nadim; Pain, Arnab; Khan, Farooq; Jambhulkar, Prashant P.; Mitra, Amitava

    2016-01-01

    Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 is a soilborne necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes economically important diseases on agronomic crops worldwide. Here we used a proteomics approach to characterize both intracellular proteins and the secretome of R. solani AG 4 isolate Rs23A under several growth conditions; the secretome being highly important in pathogenesis. From over 500 total secretome and soluble intracellular protein spots from 2-D gels, 457 protein spots were analyzed and 318 proteins positively matched with fungal proteins of known function by comparison with available R. solani genome databases specific for anastomosis groups 1-IA, 1-IB, and 3. These proteins were categorized to possible cellular locations and functional groups; and for some proteins their putative roles in plant cell wall degradation and virulence. The majority of the secreted proteins were grouped to extracellular regions and contain hydrolase activity.

  3. Proteomic Investigation of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 Identifies Secretome and Mycelial Proteins with roles in Plant Cell Wall Degradation and Virulence

    KAUST Repository

    Lakshman, Dilip

    2016-03-28

    Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 is a soilborne necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes economically important diseases on agronomic crops worldwide. Here we used a proteomics approach to characterize both intracellular proteins and the secretome of R. solani AG 4 isolate Rs23A under several growth conditions; the secretome being highly important in pathogenesis. From over 500 total secretome and soluble intracellular protein spots from 2-D gels, 457 protein spots were analyzed and 318 proteins positively matched with fungal proteins of known function by comparison with available R. solani genome databases specific for anastomosis groups 1-IA, 1-IB, and 3. These proteins were categorized to possible cellular locations and functional groups; and for some proteins their putative roles in plant cell wall degradation and virulence. The majority of the secreted proteins were grouped to extracellular regions and contain hydrolase activity.

  4. File list: InP.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available InP.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1 hg19 Input control Pancreas PANC-1 SRX190309,SRX150696,SRX1...99860,SRX101486,SRX190029,SRX190252,SRX644404 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/InP.Pan.50.AllAg.PANC-1.bed ...

  5. File list: InP.Pan.20.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  6. File list: InP.Pan.05.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  7. File list: InP.Pan.10.AllAg.PANC-1 [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  9. File list: His.Bld.20.AllAg.Peripheral_blood_stem_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  10. File list: His.Bld.50.AllAg.Peripheral_blood_stem_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  11. File list: His.Bld.10.AllAg.Peripheral_blood_stem_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  12. File list: His.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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  16. The double-degenerate model for the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, D.; Wang, B.; Han, Z.

    2018-02-01

    The double-degenerate (DD) model, involving the merging of massive double carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs) driven by gravitational wave radiation, is one of the classical pathways for the formation of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Recently, it has been proposed that the WD+He subgiant channel has a significant contribution to the production of massive double WDs, in which the primary WD accumulates mass by accreting He-rich matter from an He subgiant. We evolved about 1800 CO WD+He star systems and obtained a large and dense grid for producing SNe Ia through the DD model. We then performed a series of binary population synthesis simulations for the DD model, in which the WD+He subgiant channel is calculated by interpolations in the SN Ia production grid. According to our standard model, the Galactic birth rate of SNe Ia is about 2.4 × 10- 3 yr- 1 for the WD+He subgiant channel of the DD model; the total birth rate is about 3.7 × 10- 3 yr- 1 for all channels, reproducing that of observations. Previous theoretical models still have deficit with the observed SNe Ia with delay times 8 Gyr. After considering the WD+He subgiant channel, we found that the delay time distributions are comparable with the observed results. Additionally, some recent studies proposed that the violent WD mergers are more likely to produce SNe Ia based on the DD model. We estimated that the violent mergers through the DD model may contribute to at most 16 per cent of all SNe Ia.

  17. Computed tomography scan of the head in patients with migraine or tension-type headache Tomografia computadorizada do crânio em pacientes com migrânea ou cefaléia tensional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Moraes Valença

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available A retrospective study was performed in order to evaluate the frequency of abnormalities found by computed tomography (CT scan of the head in 78 patients with migraine or tension-type headache. In the present study CT scan was normal in 61.5% of the patients with migraine or tension-type headache. A number of abnormalities were encountered in more than one third of the patients studied, including inflammatory sinus disease (19.2%, cysticercosis (3.9%, unruptuted cerebral aneurysm (2.6%, basilar impression (2.6%, intracranial lipoma (2.6%, arachnoid cyst (2.6%, empty sella (2.6%, intracranial neoplasm (2.6%, and others (2.6%. None of these lesions were symptomatic or responsible by the headache picture, therefore, considered incidental findings. In conclusion, the fortuitous encounter of some abnormalities on CT scan of the head is often higher than what we could predict in patients suffering migraine or tension-type headache. We briefly discuss clinical, epidemiologic, and practical management of some of the abnormalities detected by CT scan as well as the indication to request a neuroimaging investigation.Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado visando avaliar a frequência de anormalidades encontradas durante a realização de estudo por tomografia computadorizada (TC em 78 pacientes com migrânea ou cefaléia do tipo tensional. A TC foi normal em 61,5% dos pacientes examinados. Em um terço dos pacientes estudados foram detectadas anormalidades, como doença inflamatória dos seios paranasais (19,2%, cisticercose (3,9%, aneurisma cerebral não-roto (2,6%, impressão basilar (2,6%, lipoma intracraniano (2,6%, cisto aracnoideo (2,6%, sela vazia (2,6%, neoplasia intracraniana (2,6% e outras afecções (2,6%. Nenhuma destas lesões era sintomática (achado incidental. Concluindo, o encontro fortuito de algumas anormalidades na TC é frequentemente mais elevado do que se prediz em pacientes com cefaléia primária. Nós discutimos brevemente alguns

  18. Pentacene on Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111): From physisorption to chemisorption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Meng-Chao; Wang, Rong-Bin; Yang, Ao; Duhm, Steffen

    2016-03-09

    We measured the electronic and the molecular surface structure of pentacene deposited on the (111)-surfaces of coinage metals by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Pentacene is almost flat-lying in monolayers on all three substrates and highly ordered on Au(111) and on Cu(111). On Ag(111), however, weak chemisorption leads to almost disordered monolayers, both, at room temperature and at 78 K. On Cu(111) pentacene is strongly chemisorbed and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital becomes observable in UPS by a charge transfer from the substrate. On Ag(111) and Cu(111) multilayers adopt a tilted orientation and a high degree of crystallinity. On Au(111), most likely, also in multilayers the molecular short and long axes are parallel to the substrate, leading to a distinctively different electronic structure than on Ag(111) and Cu(111). Overall, it could be demonstrated that the substrate not only determines the geometric and electronic characteristics of molecular monolayer films but also plays a crucial role for multilayer film growth.

  19. Adubos verdes e adubação mineral nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do trigo em plantio direto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anísio da Silva Nunes

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito do cultivo de adubos verdes, associados a doses de nitrogênio (N em adubação de cobertura, no desempenho agronômico da cultura do trigo em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado em Dourados (MS, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos adubos verdes: ervilhaca peluda (Vicia villosa, crotalária (Crotalaria juncea, mucuna anã (Mucuna deeringiana, lablabe (Dolichus lablab e um tratamento- testemunha, em pousio. Nas subparcelas foram testadas quatro doses de N em cobertura: 0 (zero, 45, 90 e 135 kg ha-1, utilizando a uréia como fonte de N. Foram realizadas avaliações de massa seca das coberturas vegetais, teores de N nos tecidos da parte área dos adubos verdes e nas folhas de trigo, altura de plantas, número de perfilhos produtivos por planta, tamanho da espiga, número de grãos por espiga, massa de mil grãos, peso hectolitro e produtividade. Concluiu-se que maiores produtividades na cultura do trigo são obtidas quando é cultivado após crotalária e ervilhaca peluda e que a resposta do trigo à aplicação de N mineral em adubação de cobertura varia em função da cultura antecessora.

  20. Riqueza de espécies de fungos conidiais em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica no Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibóia, BA, Brasil Species richness of conidial fungi in two areas of Atlantic Forest at Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibóia, Bahia State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Fabio Oliveira Marques

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available A Serra da Jibóia, fragmento de Mata Atlântica situado no município de Santa Terezinha, Bahia, está incluído entre as áreas prioritárias para conservação. Com o objetivo de conhecer os fungos conidiais decompositores da serapilheira nesse ecossistema, foram realizadas cinco expedições a cada dois meses, de outubro/2005 a junho/2006. Trinta amostras de material vegetal (folhas, pecíolos, galhos e cascas foram coletadas em três parcelas de 10 m², eqüidistantes entre si (10 m, delimitadas em duas áreas com vegetação e umidade diferentes. As amostras foram lavadas em água corrente e incubadas em câmaras-úmidas por um mês; durante esse período as estruturas fúngicas foram retiradas dos substratos para estudo, sendo identificadas 106 espécies de fungos conidiais. Embora apresentando número equivalente de espécies, houve baixa similaridade (25%, segundo o índice de Sørensen, entre as comunidades de fungos conidiais das duas áreas. Os dados contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a distribuição e a diversidade de fungos conidiais que colonizam substratos vegetais na Mata Atlântica e mostram a riqueza de espécies das áreas estudadas.The fragment of Atlantic Forest at Serra da Jibóia, municipality of Santa Terezinha, Bahia state, is a priority area for conservation. Five expeditions were undertaken every two months, from October/2005 to June/2006, in order to investigate the fungi that decompose leaf litter in this ecosystem. Thirty samples of plant debris (leaves, petioles, twigs and bark were collected in three parcels of 10 m², 10 m from each other, in two areas with different vegetation and humidity. Samples were washed in tap water and incubated in moist chambers for 30 days; during this period fungal structures on substrates were studied and 106 species of conidial fungi were identified. In spite of the similar number of species, there was low similarity (25% between the communities of conidial fungi of the

  1. Características seminais de ovinos suplementados ou não com uréia e diferentes fontes de enxofre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Doze carneiros machos adultos mestiços Santa Inês de mesma idade e porte semelhante foram empregados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, por um período experimental de 60 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos para três tratamentos: A. 100% das exigências em proteína degradável no rúmen (controle; B. 100% das exigências em proteína degradável no rúmen + 3% de uréia + enxofre (99% S e C. 100% das exigências em proteína degradável no rúmen + 3% de uréia + enxofre quelatado (21,5% S. Semanalmente foram colhidas amostras de sêmen obtidas com emprego de vagina artificial e de sangue para determinação da concentração de nitrogênio uréico plasmático, assim como realizadas pesagens dos animais e aferições de circunferência escrotal. No sêmen foram analisados: volume e turbilhonamento; vigor, motilidade e concentração espermática; total de espermatozóides e total de espermatozóides viáveis no ejaculado; integridade de membrana e de acrossoma; morfologia espermática e concentração de nitrogênio uréico no plasma seminal. Os animais suplementados com uréia apresentaram níveis de N-uréico no plasma sanguíneo e seminal significativamente maiores que os encontrados nos do tratamentos controle (p<0,05. Houve diferença significativa entre as fontes de enxofre utilizadas (p<0,05 quanto às características do sêmen estudadas, o tratamento C apresentando valores maiores para turbilhonamento (4,57, motilidade espermática (85,69%, vigor espermático (4,66 e total de espermatozóides por ejaculado (9,02 x 10(9, além de uma porcentagem inferior de defeitos menores (5,37% quando comparado ao tratamento B.

  2. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Aspectos clínicos e diagnósticos da microsporidiose intestinal em pacientes com infecção pelo HIV e diarréia crônica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia BRASIL

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available The objectives of this study were to determine both the prevalence of microsporidial intestinal infection and the clinical outcome of the disease in a cohort of 40 HIV-infected patients presenting with chronic diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Each patient, after clinical evaluation, had stools and intestinal fragments examined for viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Microsporidia were found in 11 patients (27.5% either in stools or in duodenal or ileal biopsies. Microsporidial spores were found more frequently in stools than in biopsy fragments. Samples examined using transmission electron microscopy (n=3 or polymerase chain reaction (n=6 confirmed Enterocytozoon bieneusi as the causative agent. Microsporidia were the only potential enteric pathogens found in 5 of the 11 patients. Other pathogens were also detected in the intestinal tract of 21 patients, but diarrhea remained unexplained in 8. We concluded that microsporidial infection is frequently found in HIV infected persons in Rio de Janeiro, and it seems to be a marker of advanced stage of AIDS.Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a prevalência e o prognóstico clínico da infecção por microsporídios em uma coorte de 40 pacientes com infecção pelo HIV e diarréia crônica na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cada paciente teve suas fezes e fragmentos de intestino examinados para a pesquisa de CMV, bactérias e parasitos. A prevalência de microsporidiose foi de 27,5% (n=11. Esporos de microsporídios foram encontrados com maior frequência no exame direto das fezes do que em biópsias de intestino delgado. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e a reação de polimerase em cadeia (PCR identificaram Enterocytozoon bieneusi, respectivamente, em 3 e 6 amostras examinadas, confirmando a espécie como único agente causal. Nenhum outro microrganismo patogênico, além dos microsporídios, foi detectada em 5 dos pacientes com diarréia. Outros parasitos foram encontrados

  3. X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY FLASHES FROM TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoeflich, Peter; Schaefer, Bradley E.

    2009-01-01

    We investigate two potential mechanisms that will produce X-ray and γ-ray flashes from Type Ia supernovae (SN-Ia). The first mechanism is the breakout of the thermonuclear burning front as it reaches the surface of the white dwarf (WD). The second mechanism is the interaction of the rapidly expanding envelope with material within an accretion disk in the progenitor system. Our study is based on the delayed detonation scenario because this can account for the majority of light curves, spectra, and statistical properties of 'Branch-normal' SN-Ia. Based on detailed radiation-hydro calculations which include nuclear networks, we find that both mechanisms produce brief flashes of high-energy radiation with peak luminosities of 10 48 -10 50 erg s -1 . The breakout from the WD surface produces flashes with a rapid exponential decay by 3-4 orders of magnitude on timescales of a few tenths of a second and with most of the radiation in the X-ray and soft γ-ray range. The shocks produced in gases in and around the binary will produce flashes with a characteristic duration of a few seconds with most of the radiation coming out as X-rays and γ-rays. In both mechanisms, we expect a fast rise and slow decline and, after the peak, an evolution from hard to softer radiation due to adiabatic expansion. In many cases, flashes from both mechanisms will be superposed. The X- and γ-ray visibility of an SN-Ia will depend strongly on self-absorption within the progenitor system, specifically on the properties of the accretion disk and its orientation toward the observer. Such X-ray and γ-ray flashes could be detected as triggered events by gamma-ray burst (GRB) detectors on satellites, with events in current GRB catalogs. We have searched through the GRB catalogs (for the BATSE, HETE, and Swift experiments) for GRBs that occur at the extrapolated time of explosion and in the correct direction for known Type Ia supernovae with radial velocity of less than 3000 km s -1 . For the Burst

  4. Pregnancies in glycogen storage disease type Ia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Martens, Danielle H. J.; Rake, Jan Peter; Schwarz, Martin; Ullrich, Kurt; Weinstein, David A.; Merkel, Martin; Sauer, Pieter J. J.; Smit, G. Peter A.

    OBJECTIVE: Reports on pregnancies in women with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) are scarce. Because of improved life expectancy, pregnancy is becoming an important issue. We describe 15 pregnancies by focusing on dietary treatment, biochemical parameters, and GSD-Ia complications. STUDY

  5. Esta palavra socialismo... Idéias socialistas no Brasil no final do século XIX

    OpenAIRE

    LEONIDIO, ADALMIR

    2012-01-01

    Por meio de uma análise do sentido variado que a palavra socialismo assumiu no Brasil no final do século XLX, este artigo busca ressaltar o estatuto das idéias socialistas no período: um misto de progressismo liberal, socialismo utópico e positivismo. Para tanto, baseia-se em artigos de importantes jornais, como Echo Popular, Gaveta Operária, Vo^do Povo, entre outros.

  6. European freshwater VHSV genotype Ia isolates divide into two distinct subpopulations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kahns, Søren; Skall, Helle Frank; Kaas, Rolf Sommer

    2012-01-01

    Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), caused by the novirhabdovirus VHSV, often leads to significant economic losses to European rainbow trout production. The virus isolates are divided into 4 distinct genotypes with additional subgroups including sublineage Ia, isolates of which are the main...... detected in Denmark since January 2009. Full-length G-genes of all Danish VHSV isolates that were submitted for diagnostic analyses in the period 2004−2009 were sequenced and analysed. All 58 Danish isolates from rainbow trout grouped with sublineage Ia isolates. Furthermore, VHSV isolates from infected...... Danish freshwater catchments appear to have evolved into a distinct clade within sublineage Ia, herein designated clade Ia-1, whereas trout isolates originating from other continental European countries cluster in another distinct clade, designated clade Ia-2. In addition, phylogenetic analyses indicate...

  7. File list: ALL.Lar.10.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Lar.10.AllAg.1st_instar dm3 All antigens Larvae 1st instar SRX013088,SRX013064,...SRX013044,SRX013009,SRX013072,SRX013097,SRX013055,SRX013056 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Lar.10.AllAg.1st_instar.bed ...

  8. File list: ALL.Lar.50.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Lar.50.AllAg.1st_instar dm3 All antigens Larvae 1st instar SRX013009,SRX013072,...SRX013088,SRX013044,SRX013064,SRX013097,SRX013056,SRX013055 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Lar.50.AllAg.1st_instar.bed ...

  9. File list: ALL.Lar.20.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Lar.20.AllAg.1st_instar dm3 All antigens Larvae 1st instar SRX013009,SRX013072,...SRX013088,SRX013044,SRX013064,SRX013097,SRX013055,SRX013056 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Lar.20.AllAg.1st_instar.bed ...

  10. File list: ALL.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar dm3 All antigens Larvae 1st instar SRX013088,SRX013009,...SRX013064,SRX013044,SRX013072,SRX013055,SRX013097,SRX013056 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Lar.05.AllAg.1st_instar.bed ...

  11. Decolorization of Methylene Blue by Ag/SrSnO3 Composites under Ultraviolet Radiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patcharanan Junploy

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available SrSn(OH6 precursors synthesized by a cyclic microwave radiation (CMR process were calcined at 900°C for 3 h to form rod-like SrSnO3. Further, the rod-like SrSnO3 and AgNO3 in ethylene glycol (EG were ultrasonically vibrated to form rod-like Ag/SrSnO3 composites, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, electron microscopy (EM, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR spectroscopy, and UV-visible analysis. The photocatalyses of rod-like SrSnO3, 1 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% Ag/SrSnO3 composites were studied for degradation of methylene blue (MB, C16H18N3SCl dye under ultraviolet (UV radiation. In this research, the 5 wt% Ag/SrSnO3 composites showed the highest activity, enhanced by the electron-hole separation process. The photoactivity became lower by the excessive Ag nanoparticles due to the negative effect caused by reduction in the absorption of UV radiation.

  12. Influência do alongamento passivo em três repetições de 30 segundos a cada 48 horas em músculo sóleo imobilizado de ratos Influence of passive stretching in three 30-second sets at every 48 hours in immobilized soleum muscle of rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Menon

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O músculo esquelético tem a propriedade de adaptar-se a diferentes estímulos, alterando o número de sarcômeros em série, de acordo com o comprimento a que está submetido. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar as adaptações de peso e comprimento do músculo sóleo de ratos, além de estimativa do total de sarcômeros em série, quando submetidos a alongamento intermitente durante imobilização em plantiflexão. Foram utilizados 24 ratos (Wistar machos de 14 ± 2 semanas de idade, divididos em 4 grupos: C (n = 6 - controle; A (n = 6 - músculo sóleo esquerdo (MSE alongado; I - (n = 6 MSE imobilizado; IA (n = 6 MSE imobilizado e alongado. O protocolo utilizado foi 3 séries de alongamento com duração de 30s a cada 48h; e período total de imobilização de 21 dias. Foram comparadas as variações observadas entre os músculos sóleus direito (MSD e o MSE com relação a peso muscular, comprimento muscular e estimativa do número de sarcômeros em série (ENSS, através da contagem em 300mm. Nas variáveis analisadas ao comparar o MSD (controle e o MSE (submetido a alongamento e/ou imobilização foram observados: peso muscular: C = -1,59%, (p = 0,67; A = +5,41% (p = 0,05; I = -41,48% (p = 0,01; IA = -32,46% (p = 0,01; comprimento muscular: C = -2,63% (p = 0,43; A = +7,54% (p = 0,07; I = -12,74% (p = 0,01; IA = -10,42% (p = 0,11; ENSS: C = -3,81% (p = 0,09; A = + 2,73% (p = 0,56; I = -12,20% (p = 0,01; IA = -12,21% (p = 0,21. Conclui-se que o alongamento durante a imobilização preservou o comprimento muscular e a quantidade de sarcômeros em série, mas não evitou a perda do peso muscular.The skeletal muscle has the property to adapt to different stimuli, alternating the number of sarcomeres in series, according to the length to which it is submitted to. This investigation has the aim to compare weight and length adaptations of the soleus muscle in rats, besides the total estimate of the sarcomeres in series, when submitted to

  13. Thermal expansion properties of Bi-2212 in Ag or an Ag-alloy matrix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tenbrink, J.; Krauth, H.

    1994-01-01

    The thermal expansion properties of polycrystalline Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x melt-processed bulk specimens, and Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x monocore as well as multifilamentary round wires in Ag or Ag-alloy matrix have been investigated over the temperature range from -150 to 800 degrees C. Although the thermal expansion of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x is distinctly lower compared with Ag, the thermal expansion properties of the Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x -Ag or AgNiMg-alloy composite conductors are essentially governed by the matrix material. The thermal expansion of the encountered oxide-dispersion-strengthened AgNiMg alloys is only slightly lower compared with that of pure Ag. Therefore the thermal expansion of all investigated Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+x -Ag or Ag-alloy composite wires was found to be close to that of pure Ag. The reason for this striking behaviour is shown to be related to a surprisingly low elastic modulus of the polycrystalline Bi-2212 wire cores of the order of 10 to a maximum 40 GPa. (author)

  14. Ocorrência de diabetes melito em mulheres com hiperglicemia em gestação prévia Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in women with prior gestational hyperglycemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Rocha Gabaldi Silva

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a freqüência com que ocorria intolerância à glicose (diabetes melito e tolerância à glicose diminuída em mulheres cuja gestação foi acompanhada e avaliada quanto à tolerância à glicose. MÉTODOS: Num período de até 12 anos da gestação-alvo, de um total de 3.113 gestantes acompanhadas em um serviço de obstetrícia, 551 foram selecionadas por meio de um processo randômico, proporcional à representação dos grupos. Foram avaliadas 529, assim constituídas: 250 normotolerantes à glicose, grupo IA; 120 com hiperglicemia diária, grupo IB; 72 com o teste oral de tolerância à glicose alterado, grupo IIA; e 87 com o teste oral de tolerância à glicose alterado e hiperglicemia diária, grupo IIB. A avaliação constava da medida da glicemia de jejum, que entre 110 e 125 mg/dL, era seguida pelo teste oral de tolerância à glicose. RESULTADOS: A freqüência de ocorrência de diabetes foi 1,6, 16,7, 23,6 e 44,8% nos grupos IA, IB, IIA e IIB, respectivamente (IA OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of glucose intolerance (diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in women who had their glucose tolerance evaluated and followed up during pregnancy. METHODS: Over the last 12 years since the index pregnancy, from a total of 3,113 pregnant women seen in an obstetrics clinic, 551 were randomly selected and proportionally to the number of women in each group. Of these, 529 could be evaluated and had been classified as follows: 250 in group IA (normal glucose tolerance; 120 in group IB (daily hyperglycemia; 72 in group IIA (abnormal oral glucose tolerance test; and 87 in group IIB (abnormal oral glucose tolerance test and daily hyperglycemia. The evaluation consisted of measuring fasting plasma glucose and when the results ranged between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/L, patients were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was: IA, 1.6%; IB, 16.7%; IIA, 23.6%; and IIB, 44.8% (IA

  15. Investigação de vírus entéricos de interesse em saúde pública (Rotavirus A, B e C, Norovírus e Sapovírus) em primatas não humanos em localidades do Sul do Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Souza, Fabiana Menoncin

    2012-01-01

    Resumo: As gastroenterites agudas estão entre uma das causas de maior morbi-mortalidade em todo o mundo, tanto em humanos como em animais, sendo as crianças as mais afetadas. Os principais vírus causadores de gastroenterites são: rotavírus (RV), pertencentes à famíllia Reoviridae, e os norovírus (NoV) e sapovírus (SaV), pertencentes à família Caliciviridae. Em todo o mundo, anualmente, ocorrem milhões de casos de diarréia induzidos por RV, NoV ou SaV em humanos. Além disso, há evidências de q...

  16. The Evolution of the Type Ia Supernova Luminosity Function

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Shen, K.J.; Toonen, S.; Graur, O.

    2017-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) exhibit a wide diversity of peak luminosities and light curve shapes: the faintest SNe Ia are 10 times less luminous and evolve more rapidly than the brightest SNe Ia. Their differing characteristics also extend to their stellar age distributions, with fainter SNe Ia

  17. Ultrasound-Promoted One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrazolo[1,2-<em>b>]phthalazine] Derivatives<em>>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daqing Shi

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available A series of 3'-aminospiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrazolo[1,2-<em>b>]phthalazine]-2,5',10'-trione derivatives have been synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction of isatin, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by piperidine under ultrasound irradiation. For comparison the reactions were carried out under both conventional and ultrasonic conditions. In general, improvement in rates and yields were observed when the reactions were carried out under sonication compared with classical conditions.

  18. Progenitor's Signatures in Type Ia Supernova Remnants

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Chiotellis, A.; Kosenko, D.; Schure, K.M.; Vink, J.

    2013-01-01

    The remnants of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can provide important clues about their progenitor histories. We discuss two well-observed supernova remnants (SNRs) that are believed to have resulted from SNe Ia, and use various tools to shed light on the possible progenitor histories. We find that

  19. Mass-accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Bo

    2018-05-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a prominent role in understanding the evolution of the Universe. They are thought to be thermonuclear explosions of mass-accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs) in binaries, although the mass donors of the accreting WDs are still not well determined. In this article, I review recent studies on mass-accreting WDs, including H- and He-accreting WDs. I also review currently most studied progenitor models of SNe Ia, i.e., the single-degenerate model (including the WD+MS channel, the WD+RG channel and the WD+He star channel), the double-degenerate model (including the violent merger scenario) and the sub-Chandrasekhar mass model. Recent progress on these progenitor models is discussed, including the initial parameter space for producing SNe Ia, the binary evolutionary paths to SNe Ia, the progenitor candidates for SNe Ia, the possible surviving companion stars of SNe Ia, some observational constraints, etc. Some other potential progenitor models of SNe Ia are also summarized, including the hybrid CONe WD model, the core-degenerate model, the double WD collision model, the spin-up/spin-down model and the model of WDs near black holes. To date, it seems that two or more progenitor models are needed to explain the observed diversity among SNe Ia.

  20. File list: Oth.Emb.10.AllAg.1-2h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.10.AllAg.1-2h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-2h embryos SRX197583,SRX1...97584 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.10.AllAg.1-2h_embryos.bed ...

  1. File list: Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-2h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-2h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-2h embryos SRX197583,SRX1...97584 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-2h_embryos.bed ...

  2. Bactericidal impact of Ag, ZnO and mixed AgZnO colloidal nanoparticles on H37Rv Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagocytized by THP-1 cell lines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jafari, Alireza; Mosavari, Nader; Movahedzadeh, Farahnaz; Nodooshan, Saeedeh Jafari; Safarkar, Roya; Moro, Rossella; Kamalzadeh, Morteza; Majidpour, Ali; Boustanshenas, Mina; Mosavi, Tahereh

    2017-09-01

    The purpose of this research project was to infection of human macrophages (THP-1) cell lines by H 37 Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H 37 RvMTB) and find out the ratio/dilution of mixture silver (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) whose ability to eliminate phagocytized bacteria compared to rifampicin. The colloidal Ag NPs and ZnO NPs were synthesized and their characteristics were evaluated. The THP-1 cell lines were infected with different concentration of H 37 RvMTB. Next, the infected cells were treated with different ratios/dilutions of Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and rifampicin. The THP-1 were lysed and were cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen agar medium, for eight weeks. The TEM and AFM images of NPs and H 37 RvMTB were supplied. It is observed that Ag NPs, 2 Ag :8 ZnO and 8 Ag :2 ZnO did not have any anti-tubercular effects on phagocytized H 37 RvMTB. Conversely, ZnO NPs somehow eliminated 18.7 × 10 4  CFU ml -1 of H 37 RvMTB in concentration of ∼ 0.468 ppm. To compare with 40 ppm of rifampicin, ∼ 0.663 ppm of 5 Ag :5 ZnO had the ability to kill of H 37 RvMTB, too. Based on previous research, ZnO NPs had strong anti-tubercular impact against H 37 RvMTB to in-vitro condition, but it was toxic in concentration of ∼ 0.468 ppm to both of THP-1 and normal lung (MRC-5) cell lines. It also seems that 5 Ag :5 ZnO is justified because in concentration of ∼ 0.663 ppm of 5 Ag :5 ZnO , phagocytized H 37 RvMTB into the THP-1 had died without any toxicity effects against THP-1 and also MRC-5 cell lines. It is obvious that the mixture of colloidal silver and zinc oxide NPs with ratio of 5 Ag :5 ZnO would be trustworthy options as anti-tubercular nano-drugs in future researches. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  3. Amenorréia e osteoporose em adolescentes atletas Amenorrhea and osteosporosis in adolescents athletes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graziela MANTOANELLI

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available A participação feminina no esporte foi crescendo ao longo dos anos. Trabalhos científicos têm mostrado os benefícios trazidos por esta prática para a saúde da mulher, mas quando se trata de esporte competitivo podem surgir problemas. A complicação mais comum descrita pela literatura é a "tríade da atleta", a qual envolve três processos: o distúrbio alimentar, a amenorréia e a osteoporose. A amenorréia atinge, nos Estados Unidos, até 66% das atletas de competição, e algumas de suas possíveis causas são: perda de peso, excesso de treino, quantidade insuficiente de gordura corporal, perda de estoques específicos de gordura corporal e dieta inadequada. Como conseqüência da amenorréia, a esportista pode desenvolver osteoporose precoce. Não se sabe ao certo a porcentagem de atletas com osteopenia, mas há indícios de que a falta de estrógeno, a dieta inadequada e o consumo insuficiente de cálcio serem fatores que as predispõem a desenvolver a doença.The female participation in sports has been increasing over the years. Scientific studies have shown the benefits this practice brings to women's health, but, when it comes to competitive sports, problems may arise. The most common complication described by the literature is the "Female Athlete Triad", which involves three processes: the eating disorder, the amenorrhea, and the osteoporosis. In the United States, the amenorrhea afflicts up to 66% of the competition athletes, and some of its possible causes of are: weight loss, excessive training, insufficient quantity of body fat, loss of specific stores of body fat, and inadequate diet. As a consequence of the amenorrhea, the sportswoman may develop precocious osteoporosis. It is not known for sure the percentage of athletes with osteopenia, but there are indications that the lack of estrogen, the inadequate diet, and the insufficient consumption of calcium are factors predisposing them to develop the disease.

  4. Plasmonic Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag composite: Excellent photocatalytic performance and possible photocatalytic mechanism

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Zhongliao [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Zhang, Jinfeng, E-mail: zjf_y2004@126.com [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Lv, Jiali [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Dai, Kai, E-mail: daikai940@chnu.edu.cn [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Liang, Changhao [College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 (China); Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 (China)

    2017-02-28

    Highlights: • Novel Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag photocatalyst was prepared. • Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag showed high photocatalytic activity. • Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag showed long reusable life. - Abstract: Plasmonic Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag composite is fabricated by in-situ ion exchange and reduction methods at room temperature. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance (DRS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The results show that butterfly-like Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} nanosheets served as the precursor, and Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag is formed in phase transformation with MoO{sub 4}{sup 2−} displaced by Br{sup −}. The ternary Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag composite photocatalysts show greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity in photodegrading methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation compared with AgBr and Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}. The pseudo-first-order rate constant k{sub app} of Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}/AgBr/Ag is 0.602 min{sup −1}, which is 11.6 and 18.3 times as high as that of AgBr and Ag{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}, respectively. Meanwhile, the efficiency of degradation still kept 90% after ten times cyclic experiments. Eventually, possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

  5. Enfrentamento de estresse no trabalho: relações entre idade, experiência, autoeficácia e agência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arlete Portella Fontes

    Full Text Available Este trabalho constitui um estudo descritivo que investigou as relações entre as estratégias de enfrentamento de estresse no trabalho e o estresse percebido, a idade, o cargo e a experiência de trabalho, mediadas pelas crenças de autoeficácia e de agência, entre 71 líderes de uma companhia. Método: o trabalho incluiu um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, de escalas de avaliação do grau de estresse percebido, do enfrentamento no trabalho, de crenças de autoeficácia e de agência. O grau de estresse percebido foi 7(0-10. As estratégias de controle foram frequentemente utilizadas (M = 3,73 ; DP = ,49, esquiva, algumas vezes (M = 2,07 ; DP = ,50, e manejo de sintomas, raramente (M = 1,86 ; DP = ,44. A autoeficácia foi moderada (3,23, DP= 3,37. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre experiência de trabalho e autoeficácia (,27, autoeficácia e controle (,53, crenças de agência pessoal e controle e autoeficácia (,67 e ,57, respectivamente. A análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou que líderes com escores mais altos em estratégias de controle apresentaram escores mais altos em autoeficácia e agência. Conclusão: os resultados apontam o valor da experiência de trabalho, da autoeficácia e da agência para o envelhecimento e o enfrentamento dos estressores de trabalho, principalmente em tarefas que envolvem risco de vida, mostrando que as organizações deveriam valorizar sua mão de obra madura.

  6. Protective role of AgRP neuron's PDK1 against salt-induced hypertension.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Boyang; Nakata, Masanori; Lu, Ming; Nakae, Jun; Okada, Takashi; Ogawa, Wataru; Yada, Toshihiko

    2018-06-12

    In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons regulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) in AgRP neurons serves as a major signaling molecule for leptin and insulin, the hormones regulating feeding behavior, energy homeostasis and circulation. However, it is unclear whether PDK1 in AGRP neurons is also involved in regulation of blood pressure. This study explored it by generating and analyzing AgRP neuron-specific PDK1 knockout (Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox ) mice and effect of high salt diet on blood pressure in KO and WT mice was analyzed. Under high salt diet feeding, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox mice was significantly elevated compared to Agrp-Cre mice. When the high salt diet was switched to control low salt diet, SBP of Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox mice returned to the basal level observed in Agrp-Cre mice within 1 week. In Agrp-Pdk1 flox/flox mice, urinary noradrenalin excretion and NUCB2 mRNA expression in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were markedly upregulated. Moreover, silencing of NUCB2 in the PVN counteracted the rises in urinary noradrenalin excretions and SBP. These results demonstrate a novel role of PDK1 in AgRP neurons to counteract the high salt diet-induced hypertension by preventing hyperactivation of PVN nesfatin-1 neurons. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Aminoácidos livres e uréia durante a fermentação de mosto de Chardonnay com diferentes leveduras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DUTRA Sandra Valduga

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available A análise de aminoácidos e uréia durante a fermentação da cultivar Chardonnay, fermentada com diferentes leveduras, foram os principais objetivos deste trabalho. Os mostos foram coletados em Santana do Livramento, RS, transportados para a UFSM; lá foram divididos em dois lotes aos quais foram adicionadas diferentes leveduras: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermol Bouquet e Saccharomyces cerevisiae D47. O aminoácido encontrado no mosto em maior quantidade foi a prolina (327 mg/L seguido por treonina, arginina e alanina (239 mg/L. A maioria dos aminoácidos foi consumida pelas leveduras, logo após o início da fermentação. A liberação máxima de uréia no meio coincidiu com o máximo de consumo de arginina, que para a levedura Fermol Bouquet foi com 15ºBrix e para a levedura D47 com 11ºBrix. Confirmando a pouca preferência de prolina pelas leveduras, o teor deste aminoácido permaneceu elevado durante o processo fermentativo. Os aminoácidos, arginina, alanina, treonina, serina, ácido aspártico e isoleucina podem ser considerados as melhores fontes de nitrogênio para as leveduras.

  8. Cloud Infrastructure & Applications - CloudIA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sulistio, Anthony; Reich, Christoph; Doelitzscher, Frank

    The idea behind Cloud Computing is to deliver Infrastructure-as-a-Services and Software-as-a-Service over the Internet on an easy pay-per-use business model. To harness the potentials of Cloud Computing for e-Learning and research purposes, and to small- and medium-sized enterprises, the Hochschule Furtwangen University establishes a new project, called Cloud Infrastructure & Applications (CloudIA). The CloudIA project is a market-oriented cloud infrastructure that leverages different virtualization technologies, by supporting Service-Level Agreements for various service offerings. This paper describes the CloudIA project in details and mentions our early experiences in building a private cloud using an existing infrastructure.

  9. The structure and band gap design of high Si doping level Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} (x=1/2)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Shiyan [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Mei, Dajiang, E-mail: meidajiang718@pku.edu.cn [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Du, Xin [Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Lin, Zheshuai [Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Zhong, Junbo [Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000 (China); Wu, Yuandong, E-mail: wuyuandong2013@outlook.com [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Xu, Jingli [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China)

    2016-06-15

    Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} solutions with high Si doping level (x=1/2) are considered and new compound AgGaSiSe{sub 4} has been synthesized. It crystallizes in space group Aea2 and possesses very long axis of a=63.06(1)Å. The three-dimensional framework in AgGaSiSe{sub 4} is composed of AgSe{sub 3} trigonal planar units, AgSe{sub 4} tetrahedra and MSe{sub 4}(M=Si, Ga) tetrahedra. AgGaSiSe{sub 4} is a congruently melting compound with the melt temperature of 759 °C. The diffuse reflectance measurements reveal the band gap of 2.63 eV in AgGaSiSe{sub 4} and the value is 0.33 eV larger than that of Ag{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}SiSe{sub 8} (2.30 eV). - Graphical abstract: The Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} with high Si doping level (x=1/2) has been studied and the new compound AgGaSiSe{sub 4} was synthesized for the first time. AgGaSiSe{sub 4} crystallizes in a new structure type in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework consisting of AgSe{sub 3} trigonal planar units, AgSe{sub 4} tetrahedra and MSe{sub 4} (M=Si, Ge) tetrahedra. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Study of Ag{sub 1−x}Ga{sub 1−x}Si{sub x}Se{sub 2} with high Si doping level (x=1/2). • Successful synthesis of new compound named AgGaSiSe{sub 4}. • AgGaSiSe{sub 4} crystallizes in space group Aea2 and adopts a three-dimensional framework. • The energy band gap of AgGaSiSe{sub 4} is enlarged compared with Ag{sub 3}Ga{sub 3}SiSe{sub 8}.

  10. Caroço de algodão em dietas à base de palma forrageira para vacas leiteiras: síntese de proteína microbiana Whole cottonseed in forage cactus based diets: synthesis of microbial protein

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de caroço de algodão em substituição parcial à silagem de sorgo e ao farelo de soja em dietas à base de palma forrageira sobre a produção de proteína microbiana, a eficiência de síntese de proteína microbiana e as concentrações de uréia na urina e de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite de vacas holandesas em lactação. Foram utilizados cinco animais aos 50 dias de lactação, distribuídos em quadrado latino 5 × 5. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis (0,0; 6,25; 12,50; 18,75 e 25,00% de inclusão de caroço de algodão na MS da dieta. A inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta não influenciou a síntese de nitrogênio ou proteína microbiana, cujos valores médios foram 295,08 e 1.844,27 g/dia, respectivamente. As eficiências de síntese de nitrogênio e proteína microbiana diminuíram linearmente, em proporções de 0,30 e 1,43 g para cada 1% de caroço de algodão na dieta, respectivamente. Os níveis de uréia na urina e de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite não foram afetados pela inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta. Portanto, em dietas à base de palma forrageira, a inclusão de caroço de algodão em níveis de até 25% da MS não interfere na síntese de proteína microbiana e nas concentrações de uréia.The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of partial replacement of sorghum silage and soybean meal with whole cottonseed on microbial protein synthesis and efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein cows receiving forage cactus based diets. Five animals were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design and were fed diets containing (% of DM: 0.0, 6.25, 12.50, 18.75, and 25.00% of whole cottonseed. Inclusion of whole cottonseed in the diet did not affect microbial nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis, which averaged 295.08 and 1844.27 g/day, respectively. Microbial protein synthesis and microbial nitrogen

  11. Tradição, tragicidade e crítica social em Dorotéia, a “farsa irresponsável” de Nelson Rodrigues

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Amélia Luna Cirne de Azevêdo

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2176-8552.2013n16p163 A verossimilhança sempre foi amplamente explorada pela imaginação artística. Poetas trágicos e cômicos tramaram situações as mais criativas, buscando mover o público ao riso ou às lágrimas. Tradicionalmente, entretanto, recaem limites sobre as representações dramáticas, a depender dos efeitos que os autores pretendem provocar. Assim, ainda que eventos impossíveis tenham participado da tragédia desde suas origens, e ainda que o humor tenha sido ocasionalmente acolhido nas tramas, o tratamento sério da ação sempre foi exigência da forma, de maneira a que o trágico não se fizesse cômico. Com o passar dos séculos, dramaturgos desafiariam as definições de tragédia e comédia, preparando as bases para o drama social. A dramatização de conflitos da vida burguesa rapidamente absorveria um amplo espectro de tons emocionais, abolindo convenções antigas em favor de um gênero que se quer lócus privilegiado de crítica social. O trágico poderia agora ser dramatizado sob perspectivas as mais diversas, inclusive farsescas. Este ensaio examina a tragicidade na peça Dorotéia, de Nelson Rodrigues, focalizando as relações da obra com a tradição e considerando, através do conceito de “dispositivo” formulado por Agamben, estratégias utilizadas pelo dramaturgo para produzir uma crítica sarcástica a valores e instituições sociais. Palavras-chave: Nelson Rodrigues; Dorotéia; Teoria do Drama; Tragédia Moderna; Teatro Brasileiro

  12. THE ULTRAVIOLET BRIGHTEST TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA 2011de

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brown, Peter J.

    2014-01-01

    We present and discuss the ultraviolet (UV)/optical photometric light curves and absolute magnitudes of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2011de from the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope. We find it to be the UV brightest SN Ia yet observed—more than a factor of 10 brighter than normal SNe Ia in the mid-ultraviolet. We find that the UV/optical brightness and broad light curve evolution can be modeled with additional flux from the shock of the ejecta hitting a relatively large red giant companion separated by 6 × 10 13 cm. However, the post-maximum behavior of other UV-bright SNe Ia can also be modeled in a similar manner, including objects with UV spectroscopy or pre-maximum photometry which is inconsistent with this model. This suggests that similar UV luminosities can be intrinsic or caused by other forms of shock interaction. The high velocities reported for SN 2011de make it distinct from the UV-bright ''super-Chandrasekhar'' SNe Ia and the NUV-blue group of normal SNe Ia. SN 2011de is an extreme example of the UV variations in SNe Ia

  13. Half-lives of isomeric levels of sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag, sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag and sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh photoactivated by sup 6 sup 0 Co gamma-ray irradiation

    CERN Document Server

    Yoshida, E; Kojima, Y; Shizuma, K

    2000-01-01

    Photoactivation by gamma-rays from sup 6 sup 0 Co of 10 kCi has been performed for isomers of sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag, sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag and sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh and half-lives of these isomers were determined. Gamma-rays emitted from sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag and sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag were measured with a low-background Ge detector and internal conversion electrons from sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh were measured with a 2 pi gas flow counter. The half-lives obtained are: sup 1 sup 0 sup 7 sup m Ag: 44.5+-0.8 s, sup 1 sup 0 sup 9 sup m Ag: 38.0+-1.2 s and sup 1 sup 0 sup 3 sup m Rh: 54.8+-3.8 min. The results are in agreement with previous values obtained by different excitation methods.

  14. Freire e Vigotski no contexto da Educação em Ciências: aproximações e distanciamentos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simoni Tormöhlen Gehlen

    Full Text Available No contexto da Educação em Ciências, as concepções de Paulo Freire e Lev S. Vigotski, individualmente, têm contribuído para a configuração de novas perspectivas de análise e teorização do conhecimento científico produzido e apropriado pelos sujeitos. O estudo teórico apresentou indicativos de que as idéias de Freire e Vigotski aproximam-se em três aspectos: a a valorização do conhecimento cotidiano; b as semelhanças entre o papel dos especialistas em Freire e dos sujeitos mais capazes em Vigotski e c a conscientização; e apresentam distanciamentos em dois: a na gênese do conhecimento e b no ponto de partida do processo de aprendizagem. Além do mais, sinaliza-se que a possível complementaridade das idéias dos autores pode enriquecer propostas curriculares para a Educação em Ciências.

  15. File list: Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-6h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-6h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-6h embryos SRX033315,SRX0...26864 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.05.AllAg.1-6h_embryos.bed ...

  16. A rapid lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 autoantibodies in human serum.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrid Kikkas

    Full Text Available Type 1 diabetes (T1D results from the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells and is strongly associated with the presence of islet autoantibodies. Autoantibodies to tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (IA-2As are considered to be highly predictive markers of T1D. We developed a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA based on a bridging format for the rapid detection of IA-2As in human serum samples. In this assay, one site of the IA-2As is bound to HA-tagged-IA-2, which is subsequently captured on the anti-HA-Tag antibody-coated test line on the strip. The other site of the IA-2As is bound to biotinylated IA-2, allowing the complex to be visualized using colloidal gold nanoparticle-conjugated streptavidin. For this study, 35 serum samples from T1D patients and 44 control sera from non-diabetic individuals were analyzed with our novel assay and the results were correlated with two IA-2A ELISAs. Among the 35 serum samples from T1D patients, the IA-2A LFIA, the in-house IA-2A ELISA and the commercial IA-2A ELISA identified as positive 21, 29 and 30 IA-2A-positive sera, respectively. The major advantages of the IA-2A LFIA are its rapidity and simplicity.

  17. Intravenous chlorpromazine in the acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study Clorpromazina parenteral no tratamento agudo da cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica: estudo randomizado, com mascaramento duplo, controlado por placebo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Eduardo Bigal

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Acute headache is a very frequent symptom, responsible for a significant percentage of caseload at primary care units and emergency rooms. Chlorpromazine is easily available in such settings. The aim of this study is to conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to assess the efficacy of chlorpromazine on the acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache. We randomized 30 patients to receive placebo (10 ml of saline intravenous injections and 30 patients to receive 0.1 mg/Kg chlorpromazine intravenously. We used 7 parameters of analgesic evaluation. Patients receiving chlorpromazine showed a statistically significant improvement (p Cefaléia aguda é queixa frequente, responsável por percentual significativo dos casos atendidos em unidades básicas de saúde e unidades de emergência. A clorpromazina é droga usualmente disponível nessas unidades. Apresentamos dados de estudo randomizado, controlado por placebo e com mascaramento duplo, que avaliou a eficácia da clorpromazina no tratamento agudo da cefaléia do tipo tensional episódica. Trinta pacientes foram randomizados para receber placebo (10 ml de solução salina endovenosa e 30 pacientes para receber clorpromazina endovenosa, na dose de 0,1 mg/Kg. Foram usados 7 parâmetros de avaliação analgésica. Pacientes que receberam clorpromazina mostraram significativa redução da dor quando comparados com o grupo placebo (p < 0,05 and p < 0,01, 30 minutos após a administração da droga. O ganho terapêutico foi de 36,7% em 30 minutos e 56,6 % em 60 minutos. O número que se necessita tratar (NNT, a recíproca do ganho terapêutico foi 2,7 em 30 minutos e 1,8 em 60 minutos. Houve redução nos índices de recorrência e de utilização de medicação de resgate no grupo que recebeu clorpromazina. Podemos concluir que clorpromazina em administração parenteral é droga efetiva para o alívio da dor de pacientes com cefaléia do tipo tensional, seu uso sendo

  18. Genetics Home Reference: hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... sensory neuropathy type IA Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA Printable PDF Open All Close All Enable Javascript ... expand/collapse boxes. Description Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA is a condition characterized by nerve abnormalities in ...

  19. Avaliação de seletividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do crisântemo a adultos de Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) em laboratório Selectivity of pesticides used on chrysanthemum crop to adults of Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

    OpenAIRE

    Alexandre Augusto Morais; Geraldo Andrade Carvalho; Jair Campos Moraes; Maurício Sekiguchi Godoy; Luciano Veiga Cosme

    2003-01-01

    Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do crisântemo a adultos de Orius insidiosus (Say). Os bioensaios foram conduzidos a 25±1oC, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 12h, em Lavras, MG. Os inseticidas avaliados foram abamectina (0,0009 g i.a./100 ml), cartap (0,06 g i.a./100 ml), ciromazina (0,011 g i.a./100 ml), fenpropatrina (0,009 g i.a./100 ml) e imidaclopride (0,042 g i.a./100 ml). As pulverizações foram realizadas por meio de torre de Potter calibrada...

  20. Critical analysis of IAS 2 „Stocks”, version of 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mircea UNTARU

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This research paper aims to achieving a comparative analysis of the two versions of IAS 2 „Stocks” (variants of 1993 and 2005. The research is part of a larger study regarding the accounting processes carried out for the acknowledgement and assessment of the company stock, and the purpose of the study is to develop a new framework methodology for the acknowledgement and assessment of stocks. The research is based on a series of work hypotheses: (I1 IAS 2 variant of 1993 needs to be reviewed according to the regulations and normatives in force; (I2 the necessity to review IAS variant of 1993 derives from the critics raised by the regulating authorities for stock and shares, by the professional accountants and by other interested parties, with regard to the reduction or elimination of alternatives, redundancies and conflicts from standards, and the solving of convergence issues; (I3 the 2005 variant of IAS 2 is the result of a limited reviewing of the 1993 variant of IAS 2, and needs to be further modified.

  1. Performance Reporting - The IASB's Proposed Formats of Financial Statements in the Exposure Draft of IAS1

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thinggaard, Frank; Wagenhofer, Alfred; Evans, Lisa

    2006-01-01

    This paper is a response to the Exposure Draft of proposed amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements published by the IASB in March 2006. The objective is to bring to the standard setter’s attention research that is relevant to the issues raised in the exposure draft. We review...

  2. Role of cytochrome P450 IA2 in acetanilide 4-hydroxylation as determined with cDNA expression and monoclonal antibodies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, G; Gelboin, H V; Myers, M J

    1991-02-01

    The role of P450 IA2 in the hydroxylation of acetanilide was examined using an inhibitory monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1-7-1 and vaccinia cDNA expression producing murine P450 IA1 (mIA1), murine P450 IA2 (mIA2), or human P450 IA2 (hIA2). Acetanilide hydroxylase (AcOH) activity was measured using an HPLC method with more than 500-fold greater sensitivity than previously described procedures. This method, which does not require the use of radioactive acetanilide, was achieved by optimizing both the gradient system and the amount of enzyme needed to achieve detection by uv light. MAb 1-7-1 inhibits up to 80% of the AcOH activity in both rat liver microsomes and cDNA expressed mouse and human P450 IA2. MAb 1-7-1, which recognizes both P450 IA1 and P450 IA2, completely inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of cDNA expressed in IA1. The inhibition of only 80% of the AHH activity present in MC liver microsomes by MAb 1-7-1 suggests that additional P450 forms are contributing to the overall AHH activity present in methylcholanthrene (MC)-liver microsomes as MAb 1-7-1 almost completely inhibits the AHH activity of expressed mIA1. Maximal inhibition of IA2 by 1-7-1 results in an 80% decrease in acetanilide hydroxylase activity in both liver microsomes and expressed mouse and human IA2. The capacity of MAb 1-7-1 to produce identical levels of inhibition of acetanilide hydroxylase activity in rat MC microsomes (80%) and in expressed mouse (81%) and human P450 IA2 (80%) strongly suggests that P450 IA2 is the major and perhaps the only enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetanilide. These results demonstrate the complementary utility of monoclonal antibodies and cDNA expression for defining the contribution of specific P450 enzymes to the metabolism of a given substrate. This complementary approach allows for a more precise determination of the inhibitory capacity of MAb with respect to the metabolic capacity of the target P450.

  3. [Ag(NH3)2]Ag(OsO3N)2: a new nitridoosmate(VIII)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wickleder, M.S.; Pley, Martin

    2004-01-01

    Dark brown single crystals of [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]Ag(OsO 3 N) 2 were obtained from the reaction of Ag 2 CO 3 , OsO 4 , and NH 3 in aqueous solution. The crystal structure was solved in the monoclinic space group C2/m, with the following unit-cell dimensions: a=1962.5(3), b=633.1(1), c=812.6(1) pm, β=96.71(1) deg. The final reliability factor was R=0.0256 for 1034 reflections with I>2σ(I). Linear [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + ions are present oriented perpendicular to the [010] direction, leading to short Ag + -Ag + distances of 316 pm. A second type of Ag + ions in the crystal structure present coordination number '6+1' and are surrounded by oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the nitridoosmate groups. Within the first of the two crystallographically distinguishable anions one can clearly differentiate between oxygen and nitrogen atoms while the second one exhibits a N/O disorder over two positions. The infrared spectrum of [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]Ag(OsO 3 N) 2 shows the typical absorptions which can be attributed to the complex anions and the NH 3 ligands

  4. Sirtuin signaling controls mitochondrial function in glycogen storage disease type Ia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Jun-Ho; Kim, Goo-Young; Mansfield, Brian C; Chou, Janice Y

    2018-05-08

    Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and a long-term complication of hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in GSD-Ia but the underlying mechanism and its contribution to HCA/HCC development remain unclear. We have shown that hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency leads to downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling that underlies defective hepatic autophagy in GSD-Ia. SIRT1 is a NAD + -dependent deacetylase that can deacetylate and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial integrity, biogenesis, and function. We hypothesized that downregulation of hepatic SIRT1 signaling in G6Pase-α-deficient livers impairs PGC-1α activity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we show that the G6Pase-α-deficient livers display defective PGC-1α signaling, reduced numbers of functional mitochondria, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Overexpression of hepatic SIRT1 restores PGC-1α activity, normalizes the expression of electron transport chain components, and increases mitochondrial complex IV activity. We have previously shown that restoration of hepatic G6Pase-α expression normalized SIRT1 signaling. We now show that restoration of hepatic G6Pase-α expression also restores PGC-1α activity and mitochondrial function. Finally, we show that HCA/HCC lesions found in G6Pase-α-deficient livers contain marked mitochondrial and oxidative DNA damage. Taken together, our study shows that downregulation of hepatic SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling underlies mitochondrial dysfunction and that oxidative DNA damage incurred by damaged mitochondria may contribute to HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ia.

  5. Medo de falar em público em uma amostra da população: prevalência, impacto no funcionamento pessoal e tratamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo J. Fonseca D'El Rey

    Full Text Available O medo de falar em público constitui um subtipo não reconhecido da fobia social em estudos epidemiológicos. Para se verificar a prevalência, o impacto no funcionamento pessoal e a procura por tratamento do medo de falar em público, foi realizada uma pesquisa com 452 residentes da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Trinta e dois porcento dos entrevistados reportaram ansiedade excessiva quando falavam para um grande grupo de pessoas. No total, 13% dos entrevistados relataram que o medo de falar em público resultou em grande interferência em seu trabalho, vida social e educação, ou causou sofrimento acentuado. Esta pesquisa apóia a inclusão de formas graves do medo de falar em público no constructo diagnóstico da fobia social e sugere, também, que essa ansiedade de falar em público pode ter um impacto negativo na vida de muitos indivíduos na comunidade.

  6. Estudo do efeito da hidroxiuréia no mecanismo de gelatinização das suspensões de colágeno e de hemoglobina.

    OpenAIRE

    Alves, Ellen Denise Lopes

    2014-01-01

    Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais. Rede Temática em Engenharia de Materiais, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. A hidroxiuréia, antineoplásico potente usado no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer e na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, é um inibidor eficiente na síntese de DNA de células humanas e bacterianas, e também é considerada a principal droga ministrada em pacientes com anemia falciforme. A anemia falciforme é cons...

  7. Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected patients with diarrhea in major United States cities Prevalência de microsporidiose intestinal em pacientes infectados pelo HIV com diarréia nas principais cidades dos Estados Unidos da América do Norte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mark S. Dworkin

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available To determine the prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected patients, we performed a prospective study of HIV-infected patients with diarrheal illnesses in three US hospitals and examined an observational database of HIV-infected patients in 10 US cities. Among 737 specimens from the three hospitals, results were positive for 11 (prevalence 1.5%; seven (64% acquired HIV through male-to-male sexual contact, two (18% through male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, and one (9% through heterosexual contact; one (9% had an undetermined mode of transmission. Median CD4 count within six months of diagnosis of microsporidiosis was 33 cells/µL (range 3 to 319 cells/µL. For the national observational database (n = 24,098, the overall prevalence of microsporidiosis was 0.16%. Prevalence of microsporidiosis among HIV-infected patients with diarrheal disease is low, and microsporidiosis is most often diagnosed in patients with very low CD4+ cell counts. Testing for microsporidia appears to be indicated, especially for patients with very low CD4+ cell counts.Para determinar a prevalência de microsporidiose intestinal em pacientes infectados pelo HIV foi realizado um estudo prospectivo em três hospitais dos Estados Unidos da América do Norte (EUA e analizada uma base de dados nacional composta de dados coletados de pacientes infectados pelo HIV em 10 cidades dos EUA. De um total de 737 amostras de fezes de pacientes infectados pelo HIV que apresentavam diarréia, amostras de 11 pacientes (prevalência de 1,5% foram positivas para microsporídios. Todos os positivos eram do sexo masculino e, entre eles, sete (64% pacientes adquiriram a infecção pelo HIV através de relação homossexual, dois (18% através de relação sexual e drogas injetáveis e um (9% através de contato heterosexual, enquanto que em um paciente o modo de transmissão do HIV não foi determinado. A contagem média de linfócitos CD4 realizada até seis

  8. File list: Oth.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Oth.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos dm3 TFs and others Embryo 1-3h embryos SRX474520,SRX4...74521,SRX474524,SRX474525 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Oth.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos.bed ...

  9. Select early type IA endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair will resolve without secondary intervention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Donnell, Thomas F X; Corey, Michael R; Deery, Sarah E; Tsougranis, Gregory; Maruthi, Rohit; Clouse, W Darrin; Cambria, Richard P; Conrad, Mark F

    2018-01-01

    Although it is traditionally considered ominous, the natural history of early proximal attachment site endoleaks (IA) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is not well known. Our aim was to identify risk factors for persistent type IA endoleaks and to determine their effect on long-term outcomes after EVAR. All patients who underwent infrarenal EVAR at a single institution between 1998 and 2015 were identified. Preoperative axial imaging and intraoperative arteriograms were reviewed, and those patients with a type IA endoleak were further studied. Aneurysm features were characterized by two reviewers and were studied for predictors of persistent endoleaks at the conclusion of the case. Patient records and the Social Security Death Index were used to record 1-year and overall survival. We identified 1484 EVARs, 122 (8%) of which were complicated by a type IA endoleak on arteriography after graft deployment, with a median follow-up of 4 years. The majority of patients underwent additional ballooning of the proximal site (52 [43%]) or placement of an aortic cuff (47 [39%]); 30 patients (25%) received a Palmaz stent, and four patients were treated with coils or anchors. At case end, only 43 (35%) of the type IA endoleaks remained; at 1 month, only 16 endoleaks persisted (13%), and only six persisted at 1 year (6%). In multivariable analysis, the only independent predictor of persistence of type IA endoleak at the conclusion of the case was the presence of extensive neck calcifications (odds ratio [OR], 9.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-67.9; P = .02). Thirteen patients (11%) underwent reintervention for type IA endoleaks, with a time frame ranging from 3 days postoperatively to 11 years. There were three patients (2.4%) who experienced aneurysm rupture. Postoperative type IA endoleak was associated with lower survival at 1 year (79% vs 91%; relative risk, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4; P = .02), but it did not affect long-term survival (log-rank, P = .45

  10. Prevalência do Cryptosporidium parvum em crianças abaixo de 5 anos, residentes na zona urbana de Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, 1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oshiro Elisa Teruya

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo visou estabelecer a prevalência de Cryptosporidium parvum em crianças abaixo de 5 anos, residentes na zona urbana de Campo Grande, MS, 1996/97, através de exames coprológicos e avaliar epidemiologicamente os casos diagnosticados. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal com inquérito domiciliar, onde foram examinadas 1051 amostras fecais, processadas segundo a técnica de Blagg, utilizando-se a coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada para a pesquisa de oocistos de C. parvum. Concluiu-se que: a prevalência de C. parvum (1,1% observada não foi estatisticamente significativa; foi relatado diarréia em 58,3% das crianças com diagnóstico positivo, supondo-se associação entre diarréia e a presença do parasita; o C. parvum foi mais freqüente em crianças com idade de 25 a 36 meses (50%, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa; o sexo não teve papel diferencial em relação ao parasitismo por C. parvum; entre as 12 crianças com criptosporidiose, 83,3% tiveram contato com animais domésticos (cão e ou gato.

  11. Uréia para vacas em lactação: 1. Consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição do leite Urea for dairy cows: 1. Intake, digestibility, milk production and composition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosângela Maria Nunes da Silva

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido, utilizando 15 vacas lactantes (Holandês x Gir alimentadas à vontade com rações isoprotéicas, constituídas na base da matéria seca (MS de 60% de silagem e 40% de concentrado, contendo 0; 0,7; 1,4; e 2,1% de uréia, correspondentes aos teores de 2,08; 4,01; 5,76; e 8,07% de proteína bruta na forma de compostos nitrogenados não-protéicos (NNP, com o objetivo de avaliar os consumos e as digestibilidades aparentes de matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica (MO, proteína bruta (PB, extrato etéreo (EE, carboidratos totais (CHO e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN e os consumos de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT. Também foram avaliadas possíveis alterações na produção e composição do leite. As vacas apresentaram peso vivo médio inicial de 511,8 kg e foram distribuídas ao acaso entre tratamentos. O período experimental teve duração de 90 dias para cada vaca, iniciando-se imediatamente após o parto. A fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAI foi usada como indicador para a determinação da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Os resultados obtidos foram interpretados estatisticamente por análises de variância e regressão. A adição de quantidades crescentes de NNP à dieta apresentou efeito linear decrescente sobre os consumos de MS, MO, FDN, PB, EE, CHO e NDT. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de NNP sobre as digestibilidades aparentes de MS, MO, PB, CHO e FDN. Para o EE, foi observado efeito quadrático, sendo a máxima digestibilidade de 89,12% obtida com teor estimado de 4,73% de NNP na MS. A produção máxima de leite, de 20,10 kg/dia, foi obtida com o teor estimado de 4,79% de NNP, ou 0,7% de uréia na MS total das rações. Observou-se redução linear do teor de gordura com o aumento dos teores de NNP nas rações, enquanto a proteína se comportou de forma quadrática, sendo o teor máximo de 3,4% estimado com 3,88% de NNP.This work was carried out, using 15 dairy cows

  12. LINKING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS AND THEIR RESULTING EXPLOSIONS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Foley, Ryan J.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Burns, Christopher R.; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Hamuy, Mario; Morrell, Nidia I.; Phillips, Mark M.; Shields, Gregory A.; Sternberg, Assaf

    2012-01-01

    Comparing the ejecta velocities at maximum brightness and narrow circumstellar/interstellar Na D absorption line profiles of a sample of 23 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), we determine that the properties of SN Ia progenitor systems and explosions are intimately connected. As demonstrated by Sternberg et al., half of all SNe Ia with detectable Na D absorption at the host-galaxy redshift in high-resolution spectroscopy have Na D line profiles with significant blueshifted absorption relative to the strongest absorption component, which indicates that a large fraction of SN Ia progenitor systems have strong outflows. In this study, we find that SNe Ia with blueshifted circumstellar/interstellar absorption systematically have higher ejecta velocities and redder colors at maximum brightness relative to the rest of the SN Ia population. This result is robust at a 98.9%-99.8% confidence level, providing the first link between the progenitor systems and properties of the explosion. This finding is further evidence that the outflow scenario is the correct interpretation of the blueshifted Na D absorption, adding additional confirmation that some SNe Ia are produced from a single-degenerate progenitor channel. An additional implication is that either SN Ia progenitor systems have highly asymmetric outflows that are also aligned with the SN explosion or SNe Ia come from a variety of progenitor systems where SNe Ia from systems with strong outflows tend to have more kinetic energy per unit mass than those from systems with weak or no outflows.

  13. Cosmological parameter uncertainties from SALT-II type Ia supernova light curve models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mosher, J.; Sako, M.; Guy, J.; Astier, P.; Betoule, M.; El-Hage, P.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Kessler, R.; Frieman, J. A.; Marriner, J.; Biswas, R.; Kuhlmann, S.; Schneider, D. P.

    2014-01-01

    We use simulated type Ia supernova (SN Ia) samples, including both photometry and spectra, to perform the first direct validation of cosmology analysis using the SALT-II light curve model. This validation includes residuals from the light curve training process, systematic biases in SN Ia distance measurements, and a bias on the dark energy equation of state parameter w. Using the SN-analysis package SNANA, we simulate and analyze realistic samples corresponding to the data samples used in the SNLS3 analysis: ∼120 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, ∼255 Sloan Digital Sky Survey SNe Ia (z < 0.4), and ∼290 SNLS SNe Ia (z ≤ 1). To probe systematic uncertainties in detail, we vary the input spectral model, the model of intrinsic scatter, and the smoothing (i.e., regularization) parameters used during the SALT-II model training. Using realistic intrinsic scatter models results in a slight bias in the ultraviolet portion of the trained SALT-II model, and w biases (w input – w recovered ) ranging from –0.005 ± 0.012 to –0.024 ± 0.010. These biases are indistinguishable from each other within the uncertainty; the average bias on w is –0.014 ± 0.007.

  14. Cosmological Parameter Uncertainties from SALT-II Type Ia Supernova Light Curve Models

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mosher, J. [Pennsylvania U.; Guy, J. [LBL, Berkeley; Kessler, R. [Chicago U., KICP; Astier, P. [Paris U., VI-VII; Marriner, J. [Fermilab; Betoule, M. [Paris U., VI-VII; Sako, M. [Pennsylvania U.; El-Hage, P. [Paris U., VI-VII; Biswas, R. [Argonne; Pain, R. [Paris U., VI-VII; Kuhlmann, S. [Argonne; Regnault, N. [Paris U., VI-VII; Frieman, J. A. [Fermilab; Schneider, D. P. [Penn State U.

    2014-08-29

    We use simulated type Ia supernova (SN Ia) samples, including both photometry and spectra, to perform the first direct validation of cosmology analysis using the SALT-II light curve model. This validation includes residuals from the light curve training process, systematic biases in SN Ia distance measurements, and a bias on the dark energy equation of state parameter w. Using the SN-analysis package SNANA, we simulate and analyze realistic samples corresponding to the data samples used in the SNLS3 analysis: ~120 low-redshift (z < 0.1) SNe Ia, ~255 Sloan Digital Sky Survey SNe Ia (z < 0.4), and ~290 SNLS SNe Ia (z ≤ 1). To probe systematic uncertainties in detail, we vary the input spectral model, the model of intrinsic scatter, and the smoothing (i.e., regularization) parameters used during the SALT-II model training. Using realistic intrinsic scatter models results in a slight bias in the ultraviolet portion of the trained SALT-II model, and w biases (w (input) – w (recovered)) ranging from –0.005 ± 0.012 to –0.024 ± 0.010. These biases are indistinguishable from each other within the uncertainty, the average bias on w is –0.014 ± 0.007.

  15. Effect of Mixed Glass Former on Ionic Conductivity of Silver Boron Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O-(B2O3:WO3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dehariya, Harsha; Kumar, R; Polu, A R

    2012-01-01

    The idea to explore new 'Superionic Electrolytes', 'Fast ionic conductors' is due to their tremendous potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices viz. solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, super capacitors. Superionic glasses have attracted great deal of attention due to their several advantageous over their crystalline counterparts such as high ionic conductivity, easy preparation, wide selection of compositions, isotropic properties and high stability etc [4-7]. Large numbers of silver ion based glasses have been reported in the literature for the glassy system of AgI:Ag2O: MxOy (MxOy = B2O3, SiO2, P2O5, GeO2, V2O5, As2O5, CrO3, SeO2, MoO3 and TeO3 etc many of them shows high silver ion conductivity [8]. Ion transport behavior of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O(B2O3:WO3)], where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 in molar wt% prepared by melt quench technique were reported. The new host [0.75AgI:0.25AgCl] was used as a better alternate in place of conventional host salt AgI. Conductivity measurement were carried out on this glass system as a function of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz, over a temperature range of 27 C to 200 C, for different compositions by Impedance spectroscopy. The composition 0.7[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: 0.3[Ag2O(B2O3:WO3)] shows the highest conductivity of the order of σrt ∼ 2.76x10-2 S/cm, referred to as the Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The enhancement in the conductivity has been obtained by mixed former effect. XRD result shows that the system is completely amorphous. Temperature dependence of conductivity of all compositions were studied and reported. Activation energies (Ea) were also evaluated from the slope of .Log(σ) vs 1000/T, Arrhenius plots.

  16. Effect of Mixed Glass Former on Ionic Conductivity of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O-{B2O3:WO3}

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dehariya, Harsha; Kumar, R.; Polu, A. R.

    2012-05-01

    The idea to explore new 'Superionic Electrolytes', "Fast ionic conductors" is due to their tremendous potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices viz. solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, super capacitors. Superionic glasses have attracted great deal of attention due to their several advantageous over their crystalline counterparts such as high ionic conductivity, easy preparation, wide selection of compositions, isotropic properties and high stability etc [4-7]. Large numbers of silver ion based glasses have been reported in the literature for the glassy system of AgI:Ag2O: MxOy (MxOy = B2O3, SiO2, P2O5, GeO2, V2O5, As2O5, CrO3, SeO2, MoO3 & TeO3 etc many of them shows high silver ion conductivity [8]. Ion transport behavior of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O{B2O3:WO3}], where 0 <= x <= 1 in molar wt% prepared by melt quench technique were reported. The new host [0.75AgI:0.25AgCl] was used as a better alternate in place of conventional host salt AgI. Conductivity measurement were carried out on this glass system as a function of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz, over a temperature range of 27°C to 200°C, for different compositions by Impedance spectroscopy. The composition 0.7[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: 0.3[Ag2O{B2O3:WO3}] shows the highest conductivity of the order of σrt ~ 2.76 × 10-2 S/cm, referred to as the Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The enhancement in the conductivity has been obtained by mixed former effect. XRD result shows that the system is completely amorphous. Temperature dependence of conductivity of all compositions were studied & reported. Activation energies (Ea) were also evaluated from the slope of .Log(σ) vs 1000/T, Arrhenius plots.

  17. File list: ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos dm3 All antigens Embryo 1-3h embryos SRX474520,SRX474...521,SRX474527,SRX474524,SRX474523,SRX474525 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-3h_embryos.bed ...

  18. Synthesis and characterizations of AgSCN nanospheres using AgCl as the precursor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang Ming; Ma Jing

    2009-01-01

    Nanospheres of AgSCN with an average radius of 30-80 nm have been prepared by a simple reaction between AgCl suspension and KSCN in the presence of gelatin. Gelatin played a decisive role as an inhibitor of the direct attack of SCN - ions to AgCl surfaces and coagulation of the growing AgSCN in producing the spherical AgSCN nanoparticles. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra techniques. The electrical conductivity of thin films of as-prepared AgSCN nanoparticles and polyethylene oxide (PEO) at room temperature was measured. The maximum value of electrical conductivity of as-prepared AgSCN-PEO was 1.53 x 10 -5 S cm -1 .

  19. New approaches for modeling type Ia supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zingale, Michael; Almgren, Ann S.; Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S.; Rendleman, Charles A.; Woosley, Stan

    2007-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are the largest thermonuclear explosions in the Universe. Their light output can be seen across great distances and has led to the discovery that the expansion rate of the Universe is accelerating. Despite the significance of SNe Ia, there are still a large number of uncertainties in current theoretical models. Computational modeling offers the promise to help answer the outstanding questions. However, even with today's supercomputers, such calculations are extremely challenging because of the wide range of length and timescales. In this paper, we discuss several new algorithms for simulations of SNe Ia and demonstrate some of their successes

  20. The curious case of SN 2011dn: A very peculiar type Ia supernova?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rachubo, Alisa

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are excellent cosmological distance indicators due to the uniformity in their light curves, which led to the major discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe. However, SNe Ia are not so uniform as one may expect, as there are many peculiar SNe Ia that exhibit differences in their photometric and spectroscopic behavior from normal SNe Ia. One of the goals of supernova cosmology today is to produce a cleaner sample of SNe Ia without these peculiar SNe Ia. Here we consider SN 2011dn, a peculiar SN Ia candidate. In 2011, Salvo, et al. carried out a preliminary analysis of a subset of the data prescribed here, and identified spectral and photometric peculiarities in this object's evolution that warranted further analysis. Here, we present a complete re-reduction and reanalysis of B, V,R, and I photometry of SN 2011dn obtained at Mount Laguna Observatory, spanning from 7 days before maximum light in B to 88 days past maximum light. In addition, we also consider total flux spectra from 9 days before maximum light to 4 days after maximum light, along with ultraviolet (UV) photometry obtained with the Swift telescope. From SN 2011dn's optical spectra, we find that SN 2011dn most closely resembles a SN 1991T-like type Ia supernova ('91T-like SN Ia). Such SNe Ia are typically more luminous than normal SNe Ia, and possess broader (i.e., they decline less rapidly than normal from maximum light) light curves. Their Deltam15(B) (drop in B magnitude 15 days after maximum light) are typically significantly less than the canonical value of 1.1, and can be as low as 0.8. In the earlier preliminary analysis, Salvo et al. measured a surprisingly high Deltam15(B) value for SN 2011dn, of ˜ 1.1. Since SN 2011dn was embedded in UGC 11501 (its host galaxy), however, it is possible that some of the light from the host galaxy was included in the photometric aperture, resulting in inaccurate photometric measurements. Here, in order to better isolate the

  1. Entrevista: Joan Martinez-Alier

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Amélia Enríquez

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Nesta seção de entrevistas da Revista “Sustentabilidade em Debate” nosso convidado especial é Joan Martinez-Alier, um dos maiores expoentes da economia ecológica. Martínez-Alier é professor aposentado da Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona (UAB, onde ministrou disciplinas de economia e história econômica. Foi pesquisador do Saint Antony’s College, em Oxford, e professor visitante da FLACSO, Equador. Membro fundador, e presidente no período 2006-2007, da Sociedade Internacional de Economia Ecológica (ISEE e da Associação Européia de Economia Ambiental. Também foi membro do comitê científico da Agência Européia do Ambiente. Autor de vários livros, entre os quais se destaca “O Ecologismo dos Pobres” com publicação em vários países, inclusive no Brasil (São Paulo: Contexto, 2007 – 1ª. edição que já está em segunda edição revisada e atualizada. Atualmente, Alier coordena o projeto europeu EJOLT (Environmental Justice Organizations, Liabilities and Trade no ICTA, UAB. A entrevista está estruturada em quatro tópicos: 1 Crise econômica e os novos desafios para a economia; 2Energia e bens primários; 3 Economia Ecológica e 4 Ecologismo dos Pobres

  2. The cosmic transparency measured with Type Ia supernovae: implications for intergalactic dust

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goobar, Ariel; Dhawan, Suhail; Scolnic, Daniel

    2018-04-01

    Observations of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are used to study the cosmic transparency at optical wavelengths. Assuming a flat ΛCDM cosmological model based on BAO and CMB results, redshift dependent deviations of SN Ia distances are used to constrain mechanisms that would dim light. The analysis is based on the most recent Pantheon SN compilation, for which there is a 0.03± 0.01 {(stat)} mag discrepancy in the distant supernova distance moduli relative to the ΛCDM model anchored by supernovae at z measurements can be modeled with a cosmic dust density Ω _IGM^dust = 8 \\cdot 10^{-5} (1+z)^{-1}, corresponding to an average attenuation of 2 . 10-5 mag Mpc-1 in V-band. Forthcoming SN Ia studies may provide a definitive measurement of the IGM dust properties, while still providing an unbiased estimate of cosmological parameters by introducing additional parameters in the global fits to the observations.

  3. Double-detonation model of type Ia supernovae with a variable helium layer ignition mass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Wei-Hong; Zhao Gang; Wang Bo

    2014-01-01

    Although Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in the study of cosmology, their progenitors are still poorly understood. Thermonuclear explosions from the helium double-detonation sub-Chandrasekhar mass model have been considered as an alternative method for producing SNe Ia. By adopting the assumption that a double detonation occurs when a He layer with a critical ignition mass accumulates on the surface of a carbon—oxygen white dwarf (CO WD), we perform detailed binary evolution calculations for the He double-detonation model, in which a He layer from a He star accumulates on a CO WD. According to these calculations, we obtain the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia in the orbital period and secondary mass plane for various initial WD masses. We implement these results into a detailed binary population synthesis approach to calculate SN Ia birthrates and delay times. From this model, the SN Ia birthrate in our Galaxy is ∼0.4 − 1.6 × 10 −3 yr −1 . This indicates that the double-detonation model only produces part of the SNe Ia. The delay times from this model are ∼ 70 – 710 Myr, which contribute to the young population of SNe Ia in the observations. We found that the CO WD + sdB star system CD–30 11223 could produce an SN Ia via the double-detonation model in its future evolution. (research papers)

  4. Controlling interface oxygen for forming Ag ohmic contact to semi-polar (1 1 -2 2) plane p-type GaN

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jae-Seong; Han, Jaecheon; Seong, Tae-Yeon

    2014-11-01

    Low-resistance Ag ohmic contacts to semi-polar (1 1 -2 2) p-GaN were developed by controlling interfacial oxide using a Zn layer. The 300 °C-annealed Zn/Ag samples showed ohmic behavior with a contact resistivity of 6.0 × 10-4 Ω cm2 better than that of Ag-only contacts (1.0 × 10-3 Ω cm2). The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that annealing caused the indiffusion of oxygen at the contact/GaN interface, resulting in the formation of different types of interfacial oxides, viz. Ga-oxide and Ga-doped ZnO. Based on the XPS and electrical results, the possible mechanisms underlying the improved electrical properties of the Zn/Ag samples are discussed.

  5. No Contribution of GAD-65 and IA-2 Autoantibodies around Time of Diagnosis to the Increasing Incidence of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thorsen, Steffen U.; Pipper, Christian B.; Mortensen, Henrik B.

    2016-01-01

    Aims. A new perspective on autoantibodies as pivotal players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has recently emerged. Our key objective was to examine whether increased levels of autoantibodies against the β-cell autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase (isoform 65) (GADA) and insulinoma...... associated antigen-2A (IA-2A) mirrored the 3.4% annual increase in incidence of T1D. Methods. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, we randomly selected 500 patients and 500 siblings for GADA and IA-2A analysis (1997 through 2005). Blood samples were taken within three months after onset. A robust log...

  6. THE EFFECT OF HOST GALAXIES ON TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lampeitl, Hubert; Smith, Mathew; Nichol, Robert C.; Bassett, Bruce; Cinabro, David; Dilday, Benjamin; Jha, Saurabh W.; Foley, Ryan J.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Garnavich, Peter M.; Goobar, Ariel; Nordin, Jakob; Im, Myungshin; Marriner, John; Miquel, Ramon; Oestman, Linda; Riess, Adam G.; Sako, Masao; Schneider, Donald P.; Sollerman, Jesper

    2010-01-01

    We present an analysis of the host galaxy dependences of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) from the full three year sample of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. We re-discover, to high significance, the strong correlation between host galaxy type and the width of the observed SN light curve, i.e., fainter, quickly declining SNe Ia favor passive host galaxies, while brighter, slowly declining Ia's favor star-forming galaxies. We also find evidence (at between 2σ and 3σ) that SNe Ia are ≅0.1 ± 0.04 mag brighter in passive host galaxies than in star-forming hosts, after the SN Ia light curves have been standardized using the light-curve shape and color variations. This difference in brightness is present in both the SALT2 and MCLS2k2 light-curve fitting methodologies. We see evidence for differences in the SN Ia color relationship between passive and star-forming host galaxies, e.g., for the MLCS2k2 technique, we see that SNe Ia in passive hosts favor a dust law of R V = 1.0 ± 0.2, while SNe Ia in star-forming hosts require R V = 1.8 +0.2 -0.4 . The significance of these trends depends on the range of SN colors considered. We demonstrate that these effects can be parameterized using the stellar mass of the host galaxy (with a confidence of >4σ) and including this extra parameter provides a better statistical fit to our data. Our results suggest that future cosmological analyses of SN Ia samples should include host galaxy information.

  7. ON THE RATES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN DWARF AND GIANT HOSTS WITH ROTSE-IIIb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quimby, Robert M.; Yuan Fang; Akerlof, Carl; Wheeler, J. Craig; Warren, Michael S.

    2012-01-01

    We present a sample of 23 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that were discovered in the background of galaxy clusters targeted by ROTSE-IIIb and use up to 18 of these to determine the local (z-bar 0.05) volumetric rate. Since our survey is flux limited and thus biased against fainter objects, the pseudo-absolute magnitude distribution (pAMD) of SNe Ia in a given volume is an important concern, especially the relative frequency of high- to low-luminosity SNe Ia. We find that the pAMD derived from the volume-limited Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) sample is incompatible with the distribution of SNe Ia in a volume-limited (z B > –16) galaxies, whereas only 1 out of 79 nearby SDSS-II SNe Ia have such faint hosts. It is possible that previous works have undercounted either low-luminosity SNe Ia, SNe Ia in low-luminosity hosts, or peculiar SNe Ia (sometimes explicitly), and the total SNe Ia rate may be higher than the canonical value.

  8. Coréia aguda na gravidez

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walter C. Pereira

    1967-12-01

    Full Text Available São apresentados doze casos de coréia aguda observados entre 150.000 gestantes (1/12.500. A maioria dos surtos ocorreu no segundo trimestre da primeira gravidez. A duração média dos sintomas foi de três meses, não tendo sido registrado caso algum de óbito materno. Todos os partos foram espontâneos e normais. Houve apenas um óbito fetal conseqüente a choque hemorrágico. São tecidas considerações a propósito dos aspectos clínico, laboratorial e prognóstico da coréia gravídica, sendo focalizado mais pormenorizadamente o problema fisiopatogênico dessa afecção.

  9. Curva de absorção de água em sementes de atemóia (Annona cherimola Mill. x Annona squamosa L. cv. Gefner Water absorption curve in seeds of atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill. x Annona squamosa L. cv. Gefner

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisela Ferreira

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar a curva de absorção de água em sementes de atemóia (Annona cherimola Mill x Annona squamosa L. cv. Gefner, submetidas a três métodos de embebição: sementes submersas em água destilada (MSSA, sementes entre papel de filtro embebido em água destilada acondicionada em caixa tipo gerbox (MPEA e teste-padrão (MTP, com sementes mantidas em rolo de papel de filtro umedecido em água destilada. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições de 25 sementes por parcela, constituídos por três métodos de embebição, empregando-se sementes vivas e mortas. O tempo de embebição entre 27; 34 e 47 horas, nos métodos MTP, MPEA e MSSA, representam indicativo para tratamento de sementes, podendo funcionar como tempo mínimo necessário para embebição em solução com reguladores vegetais. Conclui-se que os métodos que caracterizaram as três fases de absorção de água em sementes de atemóia foram o MTP e MPEA com mudança entre as fases I e II após 27 e 34 horas, respectivamente, atingindo a fase III com 234 horas, o que permite determinar o tempo de imersão para tratamentos pré-germinativos.The present study aimed to characterize the water absorption curve in atemoya seeds (Annona cherimola Mill x Annona squamosa L. cv. Gefner, submitted to three imbibitions methods: seeds submerged in distilled water (MSSA, seed placed betwen paper filter imbibed with distilled water inside a gerbox box (MPEA and standard test, with seeds kept in roll of filter paper moistened with water (MTP. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions of 25 seeds per parcel. The treatments were submitted to three imbibitions methods, with live and deth seeds. The imbibition time among 27, 34 and 47 hours, in the MTP, MPEA and MSSA methods represented an indicative for seeds treatment, which could possibly function as a

  10. Cooperação internacional e desenvolvimento: análise da atuação de agências internacionais em Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos R. S. Milani

    Full Text Available Considerando a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento (CID como campo político cujas bases filosóficas - a crença no progresso, a esperança como tarefa política ou imperativo, o desenvolvimento como meta - alimentam relações de assimetria, hierarquia e dependência, são apresentados e discutidos, neste artigo, os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica realizada em Duque de Caxias (região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro entre setembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012, a fim de responder a duas perguntas principais: 1 o que revelam as práticas das agências internacionais atuantes no desenvolvimento local de Duque de Caxias? 2 o que o contexto local desse município da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro ilustra acerca das tendências analisadas pela literatura mais crítica sobre o papel da cooperação para o desenvolvimento? Valendo-se de autores críticos sobre o papel político das organizações da CID - B. Cooke, W. Easterley, A. Escobar, T. Hayter, G. Rist, entre outros - e, da pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, é descrito e analisado o modo de atuação das agências internacionais, sejam elas governamentais multilaterais ou bilaterais, empresas privadas, organizações filantrópicas ou associações, na definição e implementação de estratégias de desenvolvimento em Duque de Caxias. Conclui-se que as organizações internacionais raramente atuam no plano municipal de Duque de Caxias, limitando-se a agir mais indiretamente na concepção de projetos pontuais de apoio ao desenvolvimento e exercendo seu poder de influência sobre as agendas de políticas públicas de âmbito local.

  11. Revendo idéias de Viktor Frankl no centenário de seu nascimento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roehe, Marcelo V.

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Em homenagem ao centenário de nascimento do psicoterapeuta austríaco Viktor Frankl, o artigo apresenta uma síntese de sua vasta produção teórica. Frankl foi o criador de Logoterapia, chamada, por vezes, de terapia do sentido da vida em função de sua idéia básica, a de que o ser humano vive motivado, fundamentalmente, pela vontade de realizar sentido na vida; para isso, o homem deve se empenhar na realização de valores na forma de criações, vivências e atitudes. A teorização de Frankl, historicamente situada no campo fenomenológico-existencial, é uma das que mais radicalmente se opôs a qualquer reducionismo no entendimento do ser humano

  12. File list: ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-2h_embryos [Chip-atlas[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-2h_embryos dm3 All antigens Embryo 1-2h embryos SRX197579,SRX197...583,SRX197580,SRX197581,SRX197584,SRX197578,SRX197582,SRX197577 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/ALL.Emb.50.AllAg.1-2h_embryos.bed ...

  13. Effect of cysteine and humic acids on bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles to a freshwater snail

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luoma, Samuel N.; Tasha Stoiber,; Croteau, Marie-Noele; Isabelle Romer,; Ruth Merrifeild,; Lead, Jamie

    2016-01-01

    Metal-based engineered nanoparticles (NPs) will undergo transformations that will affect their bioavailability, toxicity and ecological risk when released to the environment, including interactions with dissolved organic material. The purpose of this paper is to determine how interactions with two different types of organic material affect the bioavailability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Silver uptake rates by the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were determined after exposure to 25 nmol l-1 of Ag as PVP AgNPs, PEG AgNPs or AgNO3, in the presence of either Suwannee River humic acid or cysteine, a high-affinity thiol-rich organic ligand. Total uptake rate of Ag from the two NPs was either increased or not strongly affected in the presence of 1 – 10 mg 1-1 humic acid. Humic substances contain relatively few strong ligands for Ag explaining their limited effects on Ag uptake rate. In contrast, Ag uptake rate was substantially reduced by cysteine. Three components of uptake from the AgNPs were quantified in the presence of cysteine using a biodynamic modeling approach: uptake of dissolved Ag released by the AgNPs, uptake of a polymer or large (>3kD) Ag-cysteine complex and uptake of the nanoparticle itself. Addition of 1:1 Ag:cysteine reduced concentrations of dissolved Ag, which contributed to, but did not fully explain the reductions in uptake. A bioavailable Ag-cysteine complex (> 3kD) appeared to be the dominant avenue of uptake from both PVP AgNPs and PEG AgNPs in the presence of cysteine. Quantifying the different avenues of uptake sets the stage for studies to assess toxicity unique to NPs.

  14. Photocatalytic oxidation removal of Hg"0 using ternary Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 hybrids in wet scrubbing process under fluorescent light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Anchao; Zhang, Lixiang; Chen, Xiaozhuan; Zhu, Qifeng; Liu, Zhichao; Xiang, Jun

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 hybrids were employed for Hg"0 removal under fluorescent light. • Superoxide radical (·O_2"−) played a key role in Hg"0 removal. • NO exhibited a significant effect on Hg"0 removal in comparison to SO_2. • The mechanism for enhanced Hg"0 removal over Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 was proposed. - Abstract: A series of ternary Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 photocatalysts synthesized using a facile coprecipitation method were employed to investigate their performances of Hg"0 removal in a wet scrubbing reactor. The hybrids were characterized by N_2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, XPS, DRS and ESR. The photocatalytic activities of Hg"0 removal were evaluated under fluorescent light. The results showed that AgI content, fluorescent light irradiation, reaction temperature all showed significant influences on Hg"0 removal. NO exhibited significant effect on Hg"0 removal in comparison to SO_2. Among these ternary Ag/AgI-Ag_2CO_3 hybrids, Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag_2CO_3 showed the highest Hg"0 removal efficiency, which could be ascribed to the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs between AgI and Ag_2CO_3 and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in the visible region by metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag"0 NPs). The trapping studies of reactive radicals showed that the superoxide radicals (·O_2"−) may play a key role in Hg"0 removal under fluorescent light. According to the experimental and characterization results, a possible photocatalytic oxidation mechanism for enhanced Hg"0 removal over Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag_2CO_3 hybrid under fluorescent light was proposed.

  15. Epidemia de dengue em Fortaleza, Ceará: inquérito soro-epidemiológico aleatório

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    Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Seguindo-se à epidemia de dengue (DEN, em 1994, em Fortaleza, Ceará, causada pelo sorotipo 2 (DEN-2, realizou-se inquérito soro-epidemiológico aleatório para avaliar e dimensionar o impacto da mesma e a prevalência do dengue por distrito sanitário. MÉTODO: Foi aplicado questionário contendo informações gerais, condições socio-econômicas, informações sobre o quadro clínico e tempo de doença. A amostra foi calculada para estimar uma prevalência de 20%, com erro relativo de 10%, e intervalo de confiança de 95% (erro a de 5%. O sorteio e as análises foram realizadas por meio de computador usando programas apropriados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Foram colhidas 1.341 amostras de soro de 9 distritos sanitários, testadas por inibição da hemaglutinação, sendo classificadas como negativas e positivas (respostas primária - RP e secundária - RS. Foram reativas 588 (44% amostras, sendo 93 (7% RP e 495 (37% RS. A prevalência global em Fortaleza variou de 21% a 71%. Houve 41% (243/588 de infecções assintomáticas (IA e 59% (346/588 sintomáticas (IS. Não houve diferença da prevalência quanto ao sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, ao contrário da condição socioeconômica que apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001. Ocorreram mais IA (p<0,001 e IS (p<0,0001 em casos de RS que RP, com significância estatística em ambos os sexos. Os sintomas mais prevalentes no casos confirmados foram febre, cefaléia, mialgias, exantema, mal estar geral, tontura e artralgias, sendo que prurido, dor ocular, exantema e gengivorragia foram estatisticamente significantes (p<0,005. Tontura e artralgias foram mais associados com RS que com RP, havendo diferenças estatísticas (p <0,05.

  16. Type Ia Supernovae: Energetics, Neutronization and Nucleosynthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Truran, James W.; Calder, Alan C.; Townsley, Dean M.; Seitenzahl, Ivo R.; Peng, Fang; Vladimirova, Natalia; Lamb, Donald Q.; Brown, Edward F.

    2007-01-01

    The utility of Type Ia supernovae, not simply as probes of the distance scale but also as a means of constraining the properties of dark energy, demands a significant improvement in theoretical predictions of their properties in outburst. To this end, we have given substantial effort to quantifying the energetics and nucleosynthesis properties of deflagration fronts in the interiors of the putative carbon-oxygen white dwarf progenitors of Type Ia thermonuclear supernovae. We briefly review some essential features of our flame model and its properties in this paper and discuss its implications both for our multidimensional numerical simulations of SNe Ia and for nucleosynthesis (specifically 56Ni production) in SNe Ia and Galactic chemical evolution

  17. Intoxicação por salinomicina em bovinos

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    Gava Aldo

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por salinomicina em bovinos. De um grupo de 46 novilhas Simmental, 13 morreram após manifestação de incoorde-nação, andar rígido, diarréia, emagrecimento, tremores musculares, cansaço após pequenos movimentos, dispnéia e, ocasionalmente, urina escura. Os animais eram encontrados mortos ou morriam subitamente quando movimentados. As lesões macroscópicas consistiam basicamente de áreas pálidas no miocárdio, hemorragias subepicárdicas, hidropericárdio, hidrotórax, congestão e edema pulmonar e, em alguns casos, edema de declive e fígado de noz-moscada. Os principais achados microscópicos foram lesões multifocais de necrose e perda de fibras miocárdicas, que eram substituídas por tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Cerca de 9 dias antes do início da mortandade, as novilhas tinham sido medicadas para eimeriose, com um premix contendo 6% de salinomicina.

  18. Sn-In-Ag phase equilibria and Sn-In-(Ag)/Ag interfacial reactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Sinnwen; Lee Wanyu; Hsu Chiaming; Yang Chingfeng; Hsu Hsinyun; Wu Hsinjay

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → Thermodynamic models of Sn-In and Sn-In-Ag are developed using the CALPHAD approach. → Reaction layer in the Sn-In-(Ag)/Ag couples at 100 deg. C is thinner than those at 25 deg. C, 50 deg. C, and 75 deg. C. → Reactions in the Sn-20 wt%In-2.8 wt%Ag/Ag couples are faster than those in the Sn-20 wt%In/Ag couples. - Abstract: Experimental verifications of the Sn-In and Sn-In-Ag phase equilibria have been conducted. The experimental measurements of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties are used for thermodynamic modeling by the CALPHAD approach. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results. Interfacial reactions in the Sn-In-(Ag)/Ag couples have been examined. Both Ag 2 In and AgIn 2 phases are formed in the Sn-51.0 wt%In/Ag couples reacted at 100 and 150 deg. C, and only the Ag 2 In phase is formed when reacted at 25, 50 and 75 deg. C. Due to the different growth rates of different reaction phases, the reaction layer at 100 deg. C is thinner than those at 25 deg. C, 50 deg. C, and 75 deg. C. In the Sn-20.0 wt%In/Ag couples, the ζ phase is formed at 250 deg. C and ζ/AgIn 2 phases are formed at 125 deg. C. Compared with the Sn-20 wt%In/Ag couples, faster interfacial reactions are observed in the Sn-20.0 wt%In-2.8 wt%Ag/Ag couples, and minor Ag addition to Sn-20 wt%In solder increases the growth rates of the reaction phases.

  19. Faciologia, proveniência e Paleogeografia das Formações Pirambóia e Botucatu no estado do Paraná

    OpenAIRE

    Leandro Menezes Donatti

    2002-01-01

    Através da análise de fácies dos arenitos das formações Pirambóia, Botucatu e Serra Geral nos estados do Paraná e extremo sul paulista (Piraju), subdividiram-se os depósitos estudados em quatro associações faciológicas com posicionamento estratigráfico distinto. Da base para o topo, estas associações correspondem a: A) lençóis de areia em planície de maré, B) campo de dunas costeiro com planícies interdunares inundadas, C) planície aluvial com rios entrelaçados e dunas eólicas incipientes e D...

  20. HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E.

    2017-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that are multiply imaged by gravitational lensing can extend the SN Ia Hubble diagram to very high redshifts ( z ≳ 2), probe potential SN Ia evolution, and deliver high-precision constraints on H _0, w , and Ω_m via time delays. However, only one, iPTF16geu, has been found to date, and many more are needed to achieve these goals. To increase the multiply imaged SN Ia discovery rate, we present a simple algorithm for identifying gravitationally lensed SN Ia candidates in cadenced, wide-field optical imaging surveys. The technique is to look for supernovae that appear to be hosted by elliptical galaxies, but that have absolute magnitudes implied by the apparent hosts’ photometric redshifts that are far brighter than the absolute magnitudes of normal SNe Ia (the brightest type of supernovae found in elliptical galaxies). Importantly, this purely photometric method does not require the ability to resolve the lensed images for discovery. Active galactic nuclei, the primary sources of contamination that affect the method, can be controlled using catalog cross-matches and color cuts. Highly magnified core-collapse SNe will also be discovered as a byproduct of the method. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we forecast that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope can discover up to 500 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 10 year z -band search, more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous estimates. We also predict that the Zwicky Transient Facility should find up to 10 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 3 year R -band search—despite the fact that this survey will not resolve a single system.

  1. Cinema e construção de subjetividades: a análise do discurso em Clube da Luta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joana Brea

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Partindo do princípio de que a mídia como um todo é um mecanismo de criação de subjetividades, ou seja, um instrumento criador de modos de pensar, de agir, de ver, de sonhar, o presente trabalho pretende investigar o papel do cinema na produção de discursos que construem visões de mundo. Para tanto, analisaremos o filme <em>Clube da Lutaem>, cruzando as idéias da narratologia fílmica - critérios de análise do discurso cinematográfico - com algumas idéias do pensamento de Foucault sobre o discurso.

  2. AGS experiments -- 1991, 1992, 1993

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depken, J.C.

    1994-04-01

    This report contains: (1) FY 1993 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1994--95 AGS schedule; (3) AGS experiments ≥ FY 1993 (as of 30 March 1994); (4) AGS beams 1993; (5) AGS experimental area FY 1991 physics program; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1992 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1993 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1994 physics program (planned); (9) a listing of experiments by number; (10) two-page summaries of each experiment; (11) listing of publications of AGS experiments; and (12) listing of AGS experiments

  3. Balanço do nitrogênio da uréia (15N no sistema solo-planta na implantação da semeadura direta na cultura do milho Balance of nitrogen from urea (15N in the soil-plant system at the establishment of no-till in maize

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glauber José de Castro Gava

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as possíveis alterações na produção e partição da fitomassa vegetal, no acúmulo de nitrogênio total e do nitrogênio na planta proveniente do fertilizante (NPPF, utilizando-se uréia (15N aplicada em adubação de cobertura, na cultura do milho, na fase de implantação do manejo de semeadura direta. Com essa finalidade foi desenvolvido um experimento em campo, em Nitossolo localizado na Fazenda Água Sumida próximo ao município de Barra Bonita (SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos estudados foram: sistema de plantio convencional (uma aração e duas gradagens e sistema de semeadura direta, ambos adubados com uréia (15N, na dose de 100 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura. Em todos os tratamentos, foi feita adubação de semeadura, aplicando-se 25 kg ha-1 de N na forma de uréia, 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de superfosfato simples e 60 kg ha-1 de K2O como cloreto de potássio. No fim do ciclo foram realizadas comparações entre os tratamentos, da produtividade da cultura; da acumulação de nitrogênio pela parte aérea e parte subterrânea; da utilização do nitrogênio da uréia (15N pela cultura do milho e do nitrogênio residual do fertilizante no solo. As modificações no solo causadas pela implantação da semeadura direta não restringiram a disponibilidade de N para as plantas de milho e, por conseguinte, a produção de material seco. A eficiência de utilização do fertilizante nitrogenado (EUFN pelo milho e a recuperação do fertilizante nitrogenado no solo (RFNS foram, respectivamente, em torno de 45% e 30% para o N-uréia aplicado em cobertura não havendo diferença entre os sistemas de cultivo convencional e direto. Independentemente do sistema, o nitrogênio não recuperado da uréia, aplicado em cobertura na cultura do milho (NNR foi em média de 25%.This work aimed to study possible alterations in the production

  4. A simple solution-phase approach to synthesize high quality ternary AgInSe2 and band gap tunable quaternary AgIn(S1-xSe x)2 nanocrystals

    KAUST Repository

    Bai, Tianyu

    2014-01-01

    A facile solution-phase route for the preparation of AgInSe2 nanocrystals was developed by using silver nitrate, indium stearate, and oleylamine-selenium (OAm-Se) as precursors. The evolution process of the AgInSe2 nanocrystals is discussed in detail and different reaction conditions all have a great impact on the growth and morphology of the nanocrystals. Alloyed AgIn(S1-xSex)2 nanocrystals with controlled composition across the entire range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) was also successfully prepared by modulating the S/Se reactant mole ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm that the alloyed AgIn(S1-xSex)2 nanocrystals are homogeneous. The UV-vis absorption spectra revealed that the band gap energies of the alloyed AgIn(S1-xSex)2 nanocrystals could be continuously tuned by increasing the Se content. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.

  5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems 11: IAS-11

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Christensen, H.I.; Groen, F.; Petriu, E.

    2010-01-01

    This volume contains the proceedings of the eleventh International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS-11) at the University of Ottawa in Canada. As ever, the purpose of the IAS conference is to bring together leading international researchers with an interest in all aspects of the

  6. Cataclysmic Variables as Supernova Ia Progenitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stella Kafka

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Although the identification of the progenitors of type Ia supernovae (SNeIa remains controversial, it is generally accepted that they originate from binary star systems in which at least one component is a carbon-oxygen white dwarf (WD; those systems are grouped under the wide umbrella of cataclysmic variables. Current theories for SNeIa progenitors hold that, either via Roche lobe overflow of the companion or via a wind, the WD accumulates hydrogen or helium rich material which is then burned to C and O onto the WD’s surface. However, the specifics of this scenario are far from being understood or defined, allowing for a wealth of theories fighting for attention and a dearth of observations to support them. I discuss the latest attempts to identify and study those controversial SNeIa progenitors. I also introduce the most promising progenitor in hand and I present observational diagnostics that can reveal more members of the category.

  7. IMPROVED DARK ENERGY CONSTRAINTS FROM ∼100 NEW CfA SUPERNOVA TYPE Ia LIGHT CURVES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hicken, Malcolm; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Wood-Vasey, W. Michael; Blondin, Stephane; Jha, Saurabh; Kelly, Patrick L.; Rest, Armin

    2009-01-01

    We combine the CfA3 supernovae Type Ia (SN Ia) sample with samples from the literature to calculate improved constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter, w. The CfA3 sample is added to the Union set of Kowalski et al. to form the Constitution set and, combined with a BAO prior, produces 1 + w = 0.013 +0.066 -0.068 (0.11 syst), consistent with the cosmological constant. The CfA3 addition makes the cosmologically useful sample of nearby SN Ia between 2.6 and 2.9 times larger than before, reducing the statistical uncertainty to the point where systematics play the largest role. We use four light-curve fitters to test for systematic differences: SALT, SALT2, MLCS2k2 (R V = 3.1), and MLCS2k2 (R V = 1.7). SALT produces high-redshift Hubble residuals with systematic trends versus color and larger scatter than MLCS2k2. MLCS2k2 overestimates the intrinsic luminosity of SN Ia with 0.7 V = 3.1 overestimates host-galaxy extinction while R V ∼ 1.7 does not. Our investigation is consistent with no Hubble bubble. We also find that, after light-curve correction, SN Ia in Scd/Sd/Irr hosts are intrinsically fainter than those in E/S0 hosts by 2σ, suggesting that they may come from different populations. We also find that SN Ia in Scd/Sd/Irr hosts have low scatter (0.1 mag) and reddening. Current systematic errors can be reduced by improving SN Ia photometric accuracy, by including the CfA3 sample to retrain light-curve fitters, by combining optical SN Ia photometry with near-infrared photometry to understand host-galaxy extinction, and by determining if different environments give rise to different intrinsic SN Ia luminosity after correction for light-curve shape and color.

  8. Formas de adubação e doses de uréia para mudas clonais de cacau cultivadas em substrato Forms and doses of urea to fertilize clonal cocoa tree cuttings cultivated in substrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Olimpio de Souza Júnior

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available O N é o nutriente mais demandado pelas plantas. Contudo, para produção de mudas enraizadas de cacaueiro em substratos e sob irrigação freqüente não existem estudos de calibração de adubação nitrogenada. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar a eficiência das adubações no substrato e foliar com uréia para mudas clonais de cacau e definir doses recomendáveis e nível crítico foliar de N. O experimento foi instalado em viveiro de produção de mudas do Instituto Biofábrica de Cacau, em Ilhéus, Bahia, em julho de 2006, envolvendo 10 tratamentos (duas formas de adubação, combinadas com cinco doses de uréia, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A parcela útil constituiu-se de 12 mudas clonais de cacaueiro cultivadas em tubetes, contendo 288 cm³ de substrato (50 % de fibra de coco e 50 % de Plantmax®. O substrato foi corrigido com 3,20 kg m-3 de calcário e adubado com 2,68 kg m-3 de superfosfato simples. Os tratamentos foram aplicados entre o 82º até o 138º dia, com as seguintes doses semanais de N: 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mg dm-3 via substrato e 0,0; 2,25; 4,5; 9,0; e 13,5 g L-1 via foliar. Em todos os tratamentos, fez-se a adubação complementar com P, K, S, Zn e B via substrato. Aos 145 dias, as plantas foram colhidas, sendo avaliados: diâmetro da haste principal, altura, área foliar, matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA, teor de nutrientes na folha diagnóstica e conteúdo de nutrientes na parte aérea. As variáveis biométricas e nutricionais responderam aos tratamentos. A adubação via substrato proporcionou produção máxima superior à adubação foliar, para MSPA, altura e área foliar. As doses recomendáveis de N, calculadas para obtenção de 99 % da produção máxima, variaram de acordo com a variável biométrica de 43 a 76 mg dm-3 para adubação via substrato e de 9,1 a 11,7 g L-1 para adubação foliar. O nível crítico foliar de N, para obtenção de 99 % da produção máxima da MSPA

  9. Search for surviving companions in type Ia supernova remnants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pan, Kuo-Chuan; Ricker, Paul M.; Taam, Ronald E.

    2014-01-01

    The nature of the progenitor systems of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still unclear. One way to distinguish between the single-degenerate scenario and double-degenerate scenario for their progenitors is to search for the surviving companions (SCs). Using a technique that couples the results from multi-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations with calculations of the structure and evolution of main-sequence- (MS-) and helium-rich SCs, the color and magnitude of MS- and helium-rich SCs are predicted as functions of time. The SC candidates in Galactic type Ia supernova remnants (Ia SNR) and nearby extragalactic Ia SNRs are discussed. We find that the maximum detectable distance of MS SCs (helium-rich SCs) is 0.6-4 Mpc (0.4-16 Mpc), if the apparent magnitude limit is 27 in the absence of extinction, suggesting that the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Andromeda Galaxy are excellent environments in which to search for SCs. However, only five Ia SNRs have been searched for SCs, showing little support for the standard channels in the singe-degenerate scenario. To better understand the progenitors of SNe Ia, we encourage the search for SCs in other nearby Ia SNRs.

  10. Two populations of progenitors for Type Ia supernovae?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mannucci, F.; Della Valle, M.; Panagia, N.

    2006-08-01

    We use recent observations of the evolution of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate with redshift, the dependence of the SN Ia rate on the colours of the parent galaxies, and the enhancement of the SN Ia rate in radio-loud early-type galaxies to derive on robust empirical grounds, the delay time distribution (DTD) between the formation of the progenitor star and its explosion as an SN. Our analysis finds: (i) delay times as long as 3-4 Gyr, derived from observations of SNe Ia at high redshift, cannot reproduce the dependence of the SN Ia rate on the colours and on the radio-luminosity of the parent galaxies, as observed in the local Universe; (ii) the comparison between observed SN rates and a grid of theoretical `single-population' DTDs shows that only a few of them are possibly consistent with observations. The most successful models are all predicting a peak of SN explosions soon after star formation and an extended tail in the DTD, and can reproduce the data but only at a modest statistical confidence level; (iii) present data are best matched by a bimodal DTD, in which about 50 per cent of SNe Ia (dubbed `prompt' SNe Ia) explode soon after their stellar birth, in a time of the order of 108 yr, while the remaining 50 per cent (`tardy' SNe Ia) have a much wider distribution, well described by an exponential function with a decay time of about 3 Gyr. The presence in the DTD of both a strong peak at early times and a prolonged exponential tail, coupled with the well-established bimodal distribution of the decay rate (Δm15) and the systematic difference observed in the expansion velocities of the ejecta of SNe Ia in ellipticals and spirals, suggests the existence of two classes of progenitors. We discuss the cosmological implications of this result and make simple predictions, which are testable with future instrumentation.

  11. An Analysis of Department of Defense Instruction 8500.2 'Information Assurance (IA) Implementation.'

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campbell, Philip LaRoche

    2012-01-01

    The Department of Defense (DoD) provides its standard for information assurance in its Instruction 8500.2, dated February 6, 2003. This Instruction lists 157 'IA Controls' for nine 'baseline IA levels.' Aside from distinguishing IA Controls that call for elevated levels of 'robustness' and grouping the IA Controls into eight 'subject areas' 8500.2 does not examine the nature of this set of controls, determining, for example, which controls do not vary in robustness, how this set of controls compares with other such sets, or even which controls are required for all nine baseline IA levels. This report analyzes (1) the IA Controls, (2) the subject areas, and (3) the Baseline IA levels. For example, this report notes that there are only 109 core IA Controls (which this report refers to as 'ICGs'), that 43 of these core IA Controls apply without variation to all nine baseline IA levels and that an additional 31 apply with variations. This report maps the IA Controls of 8500.2 to the controls in NIST 800-53 and ITGI's CoBIT. The result of this analysis and mapping, as shown in this report, serves as a companion to 8500.2. (An electronic spreadsheet accompanies this report.)

  12. RRR and thermal conductivity of Ag and Ag0.2wt%Mg alloy in Ag/Bi-2212 wires

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Pei [Fermilab; Ye, L. [North Carolina State U.; Jiang. J., Jiang. J. [Natl. High Mag. Field Lab.; Shen, T. [Fermilab

    2015-08-19

    The residual resistivity ratio (RRR) and thermal conductivity of metal matrix in metal/superconductor composite wires are important parameters for designing superconducting magnets. However, the resistivity of silver in reacted Ag/Bi-2212 wires has yet to be determined over temperature range from 4.2 K to 80 K because Bi-2212 filaments have a critical transition temperature Tc of ~ 80 K, and because it is unknown whether the RRR of Ag/Bi-2212 degrades with Cu diffusing from Bi-2212 filaments into silver sheathes at elevated temperatures and to what degree it varies with heat treatment. We measured the resistivity of stand-alone Ag and AgMg (Ag-0.2wt%Mg) wires as well as the resistivity of Ag and Ag- 0.2wt%Mg in the state-of-the-art Ag/Bi-2212 round wires reacted in 1 bar oxygen at 890 °C for 1, 8, 24 and 48 hours and quickly cooled to room temperature. The heat treatment was designed to reduce the critical current Ic of Bi-2212 wires to nearly zero while allowing Cu loss to fully manifest itself. We determined that pure silver exhibits a RRR of ~ 220 while the oxide-dispersion strengthened AgMg exhibits a RRR of ~ 5 in stand-alone samples. A surprising result is that the RRR of silver in the composite round wires doesn’t degrade with extended time at 890 °C for up to 48 hours. This surprising result may be explained by our observation that the Cu that diffuses into the silver tends to form Cu2O precipitates in oxidizing atmosphere, instead of forming Ag-Cu solution alloy. We also measured the thermal conductivity and the magneto-resistivity of pure Ag and Ag-0.2 wt%Mg from 4.2 K to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 14.8 T and summarized them using a Kohler plot.

  13. Factores influentes na aplicação da IAS 41 “agricultura” nas empresas vitivinícolas portuguesas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graça Maria do Carmo Azevedo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available A crescente importância dada ao justo valor como forma de mensuração, em detrimento do custo histórico, faz com que a determinação do valor, e posterior registo, esteja na agenda dos organismos de normalização. Nesse sentido, o International Accounting Standards Board (IASB emitiu a International Accounting Standards (IAS 41 na qual prevê a mensuração ao justo valor dos activos biológicos e produtos agrícolas. Neste paper iremos abordar o sector vitivinícola português, por ser aquele que tem um peso mais significativo dentro da actividade agrícola e analisaremos a IAS 41 e o seu processo de desenvolvimento, focando a visão dos principais intervenientes no projecto de norma. Por fim, abordamos um estudo empírico efectuado com base em dados recolhidos através de inquérito às empresas com a Classificação Portuguesa das Actividades Económicas (CAE 15931. Em nível empírico, para percebermos quais os factores influentes na aplicação da norma, adoptamos as análises descritiva, factorial, de clusters e discriminante. Apesar das limitações da investigação, os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os inquiridos deram mais relevância às variáveis relacionadas com a aplicabilidade da norma e com a experiência e o conhecimento desta e de outras normas, ou seja, consideraram a aplicabilidade da norma relevante para o sector.

  14. Hyperinducibility of Ia antigen on astrocytes correlates with strain-specific susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Massa, P.T.; ter Meulen, V.; Fontana, A.

    1987-01-01

    In search of a phenotypic marker determining genetically controlled susceptibility to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in the brain-in particular, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)- the authors have compared the γ-interferon (IFN-γ) induction of Ia molecules on astrocytes and macrophages from rat and mouse strains that are susceptible or resistant to this disease. They focused on Ia expression because DTH reactions to self or foreign antigens are largely mediated by lymphocytes restricted by class II (Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The data demonstrate that Lewis (fully susceptible) and Brown Norway (BN) (fully resistant) rats are very different in that Lewis astrocytes express much higher levels of Ia than BN astrocytes. Similar data were obtained from an analysis of EAE-susceptible and -resistant mouse strains (SJL and BALB/c, respectively), which suggest that this phenomenon may be universal and not limited to only one mammalian species. At least one gene responsible for Ia hyperinduction is located outside the rat RT-1 or the mouse MHC locus. Animals congenic at the RT-1 or MHC locus of the resistant strain but with background genes of the susceptible strain exhibit intermediate levels of Ia compared to fully resistant and susceptible rodents, which fits well with the reduced EAE susceptibility of these congenic animals. Furthermore, hyperinduction of Ia is astrocyte specific, since peritoneal macrophages of susceptible and resistant strains exhibit identical profiles of Ia induction. Thus, astrocyte Ia hyperinducibility may be a major strain- and tissue-specific factor that contributes to Ia-restricted DTH reactions in the brain

  15. Manejo químico de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho em função de características morfofisiológicas e redução de espaçamento da cultura Chemical management of weeds in corn in function of the morphophysiological characteristics and reduced spacing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.M. Trezzi

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da integração de redução de espaçamento entre linhas sobre características morfofisiológicas de híbridos e estratégias de manejo químico de plantas daninhas em milho. O experimento foi realizado a campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em um fatorial 2 x 2 x 5, em que o primeiro fator representou os híbridos de milho (Sprint, ciclo superprecoce e folhas mais eretas, e Penta, ciclo precoce e folhas mais planas; o segundo, espaçamentos entre linhas de milho (0,45 e 0,90 m; e o terceiro, tratamentos para controle de plantas daninhas: 1. atrazine + simazine (1.500 + 1.500 g i.a. ha-1 em pós-precoce; 2. atrazine + simazine (1.500 + 1.500 g i.a. ha-1, em pós-precoce, complementada por nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 + 750 g i.a. ha-1 , em pós-tardia; 3. atrazine + simazine (750 + 750 g i.a. ha-1 , em pós-precoce; 4. testemunha capinada; e 5. apenas nicosulfuron+atrazine (20 + 750 g i.a. ha-1 , em pós -ardia. O espaçamento de 45 cm favoreceu a infestação de plantas daninhas na linha do milho, enquanto no espaçamento de 90 cm as maiores infestações foram observadas nas entrelinhas da cultura. As aplicações complementares de atrazine+nicosulfuron em pós-tardia foram importantes para controlar plantas daninhas no híbrido Sprint em espaçamento convencional, mas não necessárias para o híbrido Penta, nos espaçamentos utilizados. Observou-se no híbrido Penta que a redução do espaçamento afetou o rendimento de grãos, enquanto para Sprint não foi verificada redução de produtividade.This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of integrating morphophysiological characteristics of hybrids, row spacing reduction and chemical weed management in corn. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in a randomized complete block design, in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replications, with the first factor consisting of corn hybrids

  16. HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E. [Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 (United States)

    2017-01-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that are multiply imaged by gravitational lensing can extend the SN Ia Hubble diagram to very high redshifts ( z ≳ 2), probe potential SN Ia evolution, and deliver high-precision constraints on H {sub 0}, w , and Ω{sub m} via time delays. However, only one, iPTF16geu, has been found to date, and many more are needed to achieve these goals. To increase the multiply imaged SN Ia discovery rate, we present a simple algorithm for identifying gravitationally lensed SN Ia candidates in cadenced, wide-field optical imaging surveys. The technique is to look for supernovae that appear to be hosted by elliptical galaxies, but that have absolute magnitudes implied by the apparent hosts’ photometric redshifts that are far brighter than the absolute magnitudes of normal SNe Ia (the brightest type of supernovae found in elliptical galaxies). Importantly, this purely photometric method does not require the ability to resolve the lensed images for discovery. Active galactic nuclei, the primary sources of contamination that affect the method, can be controlled using catalog cross-matches and color cuts. Highly magnified core-collapse SNe will also be discovered as a byproduct of the method. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we forecast that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope can discover up to 500 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 10 year z -band search, more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous estimates. We also predict that the Zwicky Transient Facility should find up to 10 multiply imaged SNe Ia using this technique in a 3 year R -band search—despite the fact that this survey will not resolve a single system.

  17. (0 0 1) textured CoPt-Ag nanocomposite films for high-density perpendicular magnetic recording

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xue, S.X.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.B.; Yang, F.J.; Wang, J.A.; Cao, X.; Gao, Y.; Huang, Z.B.; Li, Z.Y.; Li, Q.; Wong, S.P.

    2006-01-01

    CoPt/Ag nanocomposite films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The dependence of texture and magnetic properties on film thickness, Ag atomic fraction and annealing conditions is investigated. Films with a thickness about 20 nm are easy to form with (0 0 1) orientation. The existence of the Ag in the film plays a dominant role in inducing the (0 0 1) texture of the film and suppressing the growth of the CoPt grains during annealing. The Co 35 Pt 38 Ag 27 film after annealing at 600 deg. C exhibits a large perpendicular coercivity of 5.6 kOe and a squareness of 0.90 with a small average grains size of 12.5 nm

  18. Type Ia Supernova Light Curve Inference: Hierarchical Models for Nearby SN Ia in the Optical and Near Infrared

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mandel, Kaisey; Kirshner, R. P.; Narayan, G.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Friedman, A. S.; Hicken, M.

    2010-01-01

    I have constructed a comprehensive statistical model for Type Ia supernova light curves spanning optical through near infrared data simultaneously. The near infrared light curves are found to be excellent standard candles (sigma(MH) = 0.11 +/- 0.03 mag) that are less vulnerable to systematic error from dust extinction, a major confounding factor for cosmological studies. A hierarchical statistical framework incorporates coherently multiple sources of randomness and uncertainty, including photometric error, intrinsic supernova light curve variations and correlations, dust extinction and reddening, peculiar velocity dispersion and distances, for probabilistic inference with Type Ia SN light curves. Inferences are drawn from the full probability density over individual supernovae and the SN Ia and dust populations, conditioned on a dataset of SN Ia light curves and redshifts. To compute probabilistic inferences with hierarchical models, I have developed BayeSN, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on Gibbs sampling. This code explores and samples the global probability density of parameters describing individual supernovae and the population. I have applied this hierarchical model to optical and near infrared data of over 100 nearby Type Ia SN from PAIRITEL, the CfA3 sample, and the literature. Using this statistical model, I find that SN with optical and NIR data have a smaller residual scatter in the Hubble diagram than SN with only optical data. The continued study of Type Ia SN in the near infrared will be important for improving their utility as precise and accurate cosmological distance indicators.

  19. Host galaxies of type ia supernovae from the nearby supernova factory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Childress, Michael Joseph

    Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) are excellent distance indicators, yet the full details of the underlying physical mechanism giving rise to these dramatic stellar deaths remain unclear. As large samples of cosmological SNe Ia continue to be collected, the scatter in brightnesses of these events is equally affected by systematic errors as statistical. Thus we need to understand the physics of SNe Ia better, and in particular we must know more about the progenitors of these SNe so that we can derive better estimates for their true intrinsic brightnesses. The host galaxies of SNe Ia provide important indirect clues as to the nature of SN Ia progenitors. In this Thesis we utilize the host galaxies of SNe Ia discovered by the Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) to pursue several key investigations into the nature of SN Ia progenitors and their effects on SN Ia brightnesses. We first examine the host galaxy of SN 2007if, an important member of the subclass of SNe Ia whose extreme brightnesses indicate a progenitor that exceeded the canonical Chandrasekhar-mass value presumed for normal SNe Ia, and show that the host galaxy of this SN is composed of very young stars and has extremely low metallicity, providing important constraints on progenitor scenarios for this SN. We then utilize the full sample of SNfactory host galaxy masses (measured from photometry) and metallicities (derived from optical spectroscopy) to examine several global properties of SN Ia progenitors: (i) we show that SN Ia hosts show tight agreement with the normal galaxy mass-metallicity relation; (ii) comparing the observed distribution of SN Ia host galaxy masses to a theoretical model that couples galaxy physics to the SN Ia delay time distribution (DTD), we show the power of the SN Ia host mass distribution in constraining the SN Ia DTD; and (iii) we show that the lack of ultra-low metallicities in the SNfactory SN Ia host sample gives provisional support for the theorized low-metallicity inhibition of

  20. Ag induced electromagnetic interference shielding of Ag-graphite/PVDF flexible nanocomposites thinfilms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumaran, R.; Alagar, M.; Dinesh Kumar, S.; Subramanian, V.; Dinakaran, K.

    2015-09-01

    We report Ag nanoparticle induced Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding in a flexible composite films of Ag nanoparticles incorporated graphite/poly-vinylidene difluoride (PVDF). PVDF nanocomposite thin-films were synthesized by intercalating Ag in Graphite (GIC) followed by dispersing GIC in PVDF. The X-ray diffraction analysis and the high-resolution transmission electron microscope clearly dictate the microstructure of silver nanoparticles in graphite intercalated composite of PVDF matrix. The conductivity values of nanocomposites are increased upto 2.5 times when compared to neat PVDF having a value of 2.70 S/cm at 1 MHz. The presence of Ag broadly enhanced the dielectric constant and lowers the dielectric loss of PVDF matrix proportional to Ag content. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites is 29.1 dB at 12.4 GHz for the sample having 5 wt. % Ag and 10 wt. % graphite in PVDF.

  1. High-performance flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates fabricated by depositing Ag nanoislands on the dragonfly wing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yuhong; Wang, Mingli; Shen, Lin; Sun, Xin; Shi, Guochao; Ma, Wanli; Yan, Xiaoya

    2018-04-01

    Natural dragonfly wing (DW), as a template, was deposited on noble metal sliver (Ag) nanoislands by magnetron sputtering to fabricate a flexible, low-cost, large-scale and environment-friendly surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate (Ag/DW substrate). Generally, materials with regular surface nanostructures are chosen for the templates, the selection of our new material with irregular surface nanostructures for substrates provides a new idea for the preparation of high-performance SERS-active substrates and many biomimetic materials. The optimum sputtering time of metal Ag was also investigated at which the prepared SERS-active substrates revealed remarkable SERS activities to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and crystal violet (CV). Even more surprisingly, the Ag/DW substrate with such an irregular template had reached the enhancement factor (EF) of ∼1.05 × 105 and the detection limit of 10-10 M to 4-ATP. The 3D finite-different time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulation illustrated that the "hot spots" between neighbouring Ag nanoislands at the top of pillars played a most important role in generating electromagnetic (EM) enhancement and strengthening Raman signals.

  2. Abundance Tomography of Type Ia Supernovae

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stehle, M.; Mazzali, P.A.; Hillebrandt, W.

    2005-01-01

    An analysis of early time spectra of Type Ia Supernovae is presented. A new method to derive a detailed abundance distribution of the SN ejecta through comparison with synthetic spectra, called 'Abundance Tomography' is introduced and applied to the normal SN Ia 2002bo. Conclusions regarding the explosion mechanism are drawn

  3. ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES SOCIAIS INTERNOS DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL DAS MÉDIAS E GRANDES EMPRESAS CERTIFICADAS PELA ASSEMBLÉIA LEGISLATIVA DE MATO GROSSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cleide Gonçalves Souza

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available O artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar os índices de investimentos sociais internos das médias e grandes empresas certificadas pela Assembléia Legislativa de Mato Grosso (ALMT; comparar entre as médias e grandes empresas certificadas pela ALMT os investimentos sociais internos no ano de 2010; descrever as razões que levam as empresas privadas de Mato Grosso publicarem Balanço Social (BS. A pesquisa deste estudo foi classificada como exploratória. Neste estudo o procedimento adotado foi de coleta de dados documental, extraído do sítio da Assembléia Legislativa de Mato Grosso (ALMT os Balanços Sociais das médias e grandes empresas (M.G.E. que possuem o certificado de responsabilidade social. Foram feitos a soma dos investimentos anuais dos indicadores sociais de ambiente interno destas empresas, o quanto as empresas, investiram por ano, em seu ambiente interno. Nos resultados foram identificados que no ano de 2005 as 4 empresas investiram mais de R$17 milhões em indicadores de ambiente interno, um percentual de 2,66% da Receita Líquida. No ano de 2010, o qual foram 20 empresas, os investimentos foram mais de R$144 milhões, porém caiu o percentual em relação à Receita Líquida para 1,54%. Foi concluído que durante o período de 2005 a 2010 os Indicadores Sociais Internos que mais recebeu investimento foi da “alimentação” e o que teve menor valor investido foi de “creche ou auxílio creche”.

  4. LA NORME IAS 1 : PRESENTATION DES ETATS FINANCIERS. EXAMEN DES COMMENT LETTERS DU DISCUSSION PAPER DE L'IASB EN DATE D'OCTOBRE 2008.

    OpenAIRE

    Dufour , Dominique; Falcou , Sylvain; Severin , Eric

    2010-01-01

    International audience; The aim of this work is the Discussion paper of the IAS from october 2008. We present the propositions of this Discussion paper and give a synthesis of the Comment letters.; Cette contribution a pour objet le Discussion Paper de l'IASB consacré au projet IAS 1. Nous présentons le projet de l'IASB ainsi que les réponses apparaissant au sein des Comment letters

  5. Os livros didáticos de história do Brasil na escola secundária brasileira no século XIX, sob a égide das idéias européias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariclê Vechia

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available O ensino de História do Brasil na escola secundária brasileira teve início após a fundação do Collegio de Pedro II em 1837. Os livros didáticos de História do Brasil, então adotados, eram, em sua grande maioria, de autores brasileiros, no entanto, o conhecimento veiculado em suas obras tinha como matriz a produção historiográfica européia sobre a História do Brasil, notadamente a de autores ingleses, franceses e alemães. Muito embora até 1822 já existisse uma vasta literatura sobre o Brasil, a produção de obras nacionais, que sistematizassem a documentação inédita e a produção já existente, ou seja, a produção de uma História ”Geral” do Brasil, foi lenta e tardia. Em que pese a visão teórico-metodológica que cada autor de livro didático possa ter dado à sua obra, o conhecimento sobre História do Brasil sob a ótica de europeus foi o difundido para muitas gerações de brasileiros

  6. Uma análise das diferenças em termos da cultura a partir do projeto de substituição da IAS 39: financial instruments - recognition and measurement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da Mota Carvalho

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available A cultura contabilística de cada país é frequentemente encarada como um obstáculo à plena harmonização contabilística. Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar as diferenças em termos da cultura a partir da participação dos respondentes nos processos de emissão/alteração de normas do International Accounting Standard Board (Iasb. Para o efeito, foram analisadas as comment letters enviadas ao Iasb no contexto da primeira parte da primeira fase do projeto de substituição da International Accounting Standard (IAS 39: Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement pela International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 9. Os países respondentes foram identificados em função da classificação proposta por Gray (1988, sendo posteriormente os dados recolhidos submetidos ao teste não paramétrico do qui-quadrado. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a existência de diferenças em termos da cultura nas respostas obtidas dos países, particularmente no contexto do valor contabilístico do conservadorismo, não se identificando evidências de tais diferenças para os valores do secretismo, do profissionalismo e da uniformidade. Conclui-se, assim, que os países classificados como conservadores têm preferência por práticas de mensuração mais conservadoras, baseadas, designadamente, no custo ou no custo amortizado, em detrimento de critérios de mensuração baseados no justo valor. Pretende-se que os resultados obtidos neste estudo prestem o suporte necessário à tomada de decisões por parte dos organismos emissores de normas internacionais, bem como pelos responsáveis nacionais pela subscrição das referidas normas.

  7. Patterned sensory nerve stimulation enhances the reactivity of spinal Ia inhibitory interneurons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kubota, Shinji; Hirano, Masato; Morishita, Takuya; Uehara, Kazumasa; Funase, Kozo

    2015-03-25

    Patterned sensory nerve stimulation has been shown to induce plastic changes in the reciprocal Ia inhibitory circuit. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes have not yet been elucidated in detail. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the reactivity of Ia inhibitory interneurons could be altered by patterned sensory nerve stimulation. The degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition, the conditioning effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the soleus (SOL) muscle H-reflex, and the ratio of the maximum H-reflex amplitude versus maximum M-wave (H(max)/M(max)) were examined in 10 healthy individuals. Patterned electrical nerve stimulation was applied to the common peroneal nerve every 1 s (100 Hz-5 train) at the motor threshold intensity of tibialis anterior muscle to induce activity changes in the reciprocal Ia inhibitory circuit. Reciprocal Ia inhibition, the TMS-conditioned H-reflex amplitude, and H(max)/M(max) were recorded before, immediately after, and 15 min after the electrical stimulation. The patterned electrical nerve stimulation significantly increased the degree of reciprocal Ia inhibition and decreased the amplitude of the TMS-conditioned H-reflex in the short-latency inhibition phase, which was presumably mediated by Ia inhibitory interneurons. However, it had no effect on H(max)/M(max). Our results indicated that patterned sensory nerve stimulation could modulate the activity of Ia inhibitory interneurons, and this change may have been caused by the synaptic modification of Ia inhibitory interneuron terminals. These results may lead to a clearer understanding of the spinal cord synaptic plasticity produced by repetitive sensory inputs. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Operational calibration and validation of landsat data continuity mission (LDCM) sensors using the image assessment system (IAS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Micijevic, Esad; Morfitt, Ron

    2010-01-01

    Systematic characterization and calibration of the Landsat sensors and the assessment of image data quality are performed using the Image Assessment System (IAS). The IAS was first introduced as an element of the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) ground segment and recently extended to Landsat 4 (L4) and 5 (L5) Thematic Mappers (TM) and Multispectral Sensors (MSS) on-board the Landsat 1-5 satellites. In preparation for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), the IAS was developed for the Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) with a capability to assess pushbroom sensors. This paper describes the LDCM version of the IAS and how it relates to unique calibration and validation attributes of its on-board imaging sensors. The LDCM IAS system will have to handle a significantly larger number of detectors and the associated database than the previous IAS versions. An additional challenge is that the LDCM IAS must handle data from two sensors, as the LDCM products will combine the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) spectral bands.

  9. Influência da temperatura e do tempo de armazenamento nas dosagens bioquímicas de uréia e creatinina em soro ou plasma caninos Effect of temperature and storage time on urea and creatinine dosages from canine serum or plasma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.T. Fernandes

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar algumas condições de estocagem de soro e de plasma com EDTA 10% utilizados para determinação dos valores de uréia e creatinina em cães, e avaliar a possibilidade de substituir o soro pelo plasma conservado com EDTA 10%. Foram realizadas 3600 análises (1800 amostras de soro e 1800 de plasma com amostras que permaneceram em temperaturas ambiente, de refrigeração e de congelamento. As análises foram realizadas imediatamente após a obtenção da amostra (tempo 0 e após 2, 6, 12, 24, 72 horas e 30 e 60 dias após a coleta do sangue. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a uréia conservou-se por mais tempo na amostra sérica refrigerada até 30 dias e a creatinina na amostra sérica congelada até 72h. O soro mostrou mais estabilidade que o plasma em todas as condições de estoque estabelecidas.Aiming to evaluating some conditions of EDTA 10% serum and plasma storage for urea and creatinine values determinations in canines as well as analyzing the possibility of serum substitution by plasma, a total of 3600 samples (1800 serum and 1800 of plasma were analyzed at room, refrigeration and freezing temperatures. Different time intervals were used in the analysis: immediately after sampling (time 0, and at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours, and 30 and 60 days after the blood collection. The data showed that urea remains conserved for more time in the refrigerated serum sample until 30 days and the creatinine in the frozen serum sample until 72 hours. Serum showed more stability than plasma in all storage conditions established.

  10. Measurements of the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae at Redshift z < ~0.3 from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dilday, Benjamin; /Rutgers U., Piscataway /Chicago U. /KICP, Chicago; Smith, Mathew; /Cape Town U., Dept. Math. /Portsmouth U.; Bassett, Bruce; /Cape Town U., Dept. Math. /South African Astron. Observ.; Becker, Andrew; /Washington U., Seattle, Astron. Dept.; Bender, Ralf; /Munich, Tech. U. /Munich U. Observ.; Castander, Francisco; /Barcelona, IEEC; Cinabro, David; /Wayne State U.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; /UC, Berkeley; Frieman, Joshua A.; /Chicago U. /Fermilab; Galbany, Lluis; /Barcelona, IFAE; Garnavich, Peter M.; /Notre Dame U. /Stockholm U., OKC /Stockholm U.

    2010-01-01

    We present a measurement of the volumetric Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate based on data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey. The adopted sample of supernovae (SNe) includes 516 SNe Ia at redshift z {approx}< 0.3, of which 270 (52%) are spectroscopically identified as SNe Ia. The remaining 246 SNe Ia were identified through their light curves; 113 of these objects have spectroscopic redshifts from spectra of their host galaxy, and 133 have photometric redshifts estimated from the SN light curves. Based on consideration of 87 spectroscopically confirmed non-Ia SNe discovered by the SDSS-II SN Survey, we estimate that 2.04{sub -0.95}{sup +1.61}% of the photometric SNe Ia may be misidentified. The sample of SNe Ia used in this measurement represents an order of magnitude increase in the statistics for SN Ia rate measurements in the redshift range covered by the SDSS-II Supernova Survey. If we assume a SN Ia rate that is constant at low redshift (z < 0.15), then the SN observations can be used to infer a value of the SN rate of r{sub V} = (2.69{sub -0.30-0.01}{sup +0.34+0.21}) x 10{sup -5} SNe yr{sup -1} Mpc{sup -3} (H{sub 0}/(70 km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1})){sup 3} at a mean redshift of {approx} 0.12, based on 79 SNe Ia of which 72 are spectroscopically confirmed. However, the large sample of SNe Ia included in this study allows us to place constraints on the redshift dependence of the SN Ia rate based on the SDSS-II Supernova Survey data alone. Fitting a power-law model of the SN rate evolution, r{sub V} (z) = A{sub p} x ((1+z)/(1+z{sub 0})){sup {nu}}, over the redshift range 0.0 < z < 0.3 with z{sub 0} = 0.21, results in A{sub p} = (3.43{sub -0.15}{sup +0.15}) x 10{sup -5} SNe yr{sup -1} Mpc{sup -3} (H{sub 0}/(70 km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1})){sup 3} and {nu} = 2.04{sub -0.89}{sup +0.90}.

  11. Tunneling-recombination luminescence between Ag0 and Ag2+ in KCl:AgCl

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delbecq, C.J.; Dexter, D.L.; Yuster, P.H.

    1978-01-01

    Appropriate treatment of a KCl:AgCl crystal results in the trapping of electrons as silver atoms, Ag 0 , and positive holes as AgCl 4 2- , Ag 2+ , centers. Optical excitation of Ag 0 in such a crystal at T 0 and Ag 2+ pairs, similar to the Ag 0 -Cl 2 - tunneling-recombination studies we previously reported. We have shown that Ag 2+ centers are involved in the emission process by preferentially orienting the anisotropic Ag 2+ at 6 K by excitation with polarized light and observing that the afterglow is polarized. Upon warming to 50 K, where the preferentially oriented Ag 2+ can change orientation, a strong reversal in the degree of polarization occurs which finally decays to zero. The characteristics of this luminescence can be understood if we assume: (i) a tunneling-recombination mechanism in which the orientation of the electric vector of the emitted radiation depends on the position of the Ag 0 relative to the Ag 2+ and (ii) the tunneling is anisotropic and depends on the location of the Ag 0 relative to the anisotropic Ag 2+ . The latter assumption is based on the tetragonal (d-like) symmetry of the Ag 2+ complex. Good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained on the decay kinetics, the degree of polarization, and the polarization reversal

  12. Steady state creep during metastable phase transition in Al-16 wt% Ag and Al-16 wt% Ag-0.1 wt% Zr alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deaf, G.H.; Youssef, S.B.; Mahmoud, M.A. [Ain Shams Univ., Cairo (Egypt). Dept. of Physics

    1998-08-16

    The early stages of decomposition of Guinier-Preston zones (G.P. zones) in Al-16 wt% Ag and Al-16 wt% Ag-0.1 wt% Zr alloys were investigated through creep measurements and electron microscopy observations. It was found that the strengthening and softening of the alloys has been achieved during the formation of metastable phases (G.P. zones and {gamma}`-phase) in the ageing temperature range (428 to 498 K). TEM investigations confirmed that the addition of zirconium to the Al-Ag alloy accelerates the formation and coarsening of the metastable phases. The mean values of activation energy of both alloys were found to be equal to that quoted for precipitate-dislocation interactions. (orig.) 23 refs.

  13. NEUTRONIZATION DURING CARBON SIMMERING IN TYPE IA SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor; Badenes, Carles [Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (United States); Piro, Anthony L. [Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States); Schwab, Josiah, E-mail: hector.mr@pitt.edu [Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)

    2016-07-01

    When a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor first ignites carbon in its core, it undergoes ∼10{sup 3}–10{sup 4} years of convective burning prior to the onset of thermonuclear runaway. This carbon simmering phase is important for setting the thermal profile and composition of the white dwarf. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we follow this convective burning and examine the production of neutron-rich isotopes. The neutron content of the SN fuel has important consequences for the ensuing nucleosynthesis, and in particular, for the production of secondary Fe-peak nuclei like Mn and stable Ni. These elements have been observed in the X-ray spectra of SN remnants like Tycho, Kepler, and 3C 397, and their yields can provide valuable insights into the physics of SNe Ia and the properties of their progenitors. We find that weak reactions during simmering can at most generate a neutron excess of ≈ 3 × 10{sup −4}. This is ≈ 70% lower than that found in previous studies that do not take the full density and temperature profile of the simmering region into account. Our results imply that the progenitor metallicity is the main contributor to the neutron excess in SN Ia fuel for Z ≳ 1/3 Z {sub ⊙}. Alternatively, at lower metallicities, this neutron excess provides a floor that should be present in any centrally-ignited SN Ia scenario.

  14. NEUTRONIZATION DURING CARBON SIMMERING IN TYPE IA SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor; Badenes, Carles; Piro, Anthony L.; Schwab, Josiah

    2016-01-01

    When a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitor first ignites carbon in its core, it undergoes ∼10 3 –10 4 years of convective burning prior to the onset of thermonuclear runaway. This carbon simmering phase is important for setting the thermal profile and composition of the white dwarf. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we follow this convective burning and examine the production of neutron-rich isotopes. The neutron content of the SN fuel has important consequences for the ensuing nucleosynthesis, and in particular, for the production of secondary Fe-peak nuclei like Mn and stable Ni. These elements have been observed in the X-ray spectra of SN remnants like Tycho, Kepler, and 3C 397, and their yields can provide valuable insights into the physics of SNe Ia and the properties of their progenitors. We find that weak reactions during simmering can at most generate a neutron excess of ≈ 3 × 10 −4 . This is ≈ 70% lower than that found in previous studies that do not take the full density and temperature profile of the simmering region into account. Our results imply that the progenitor metallicity is the main contributor to the neutron excess in SN Ia fuel for Z ≳ 1/3 Z ⊙ . Alternatively, at lower metallicities, this neutron excess provides a floor that should be present in any centrally-ignited SN Ia scenario.

  15. Lupus nephritis: prolonged immunoadsorption (IAS) reduces proteinuria and stabilizes global disease activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stummvoll, Georg H; Schmaldienst, Sabine; Smolen, Josef S; Derfler, Kurt; Biesenbach, Peter

    2012-02-01

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies, which can be removed by extracorporeal procedures. While previous studies have shown short-term efficacy of immunoadsorption (IAS) in SLE, no information on long-term benefit and safety is available. IAS was offered to patients with highly active renal disease when conventional therapy had failed. Eleven patients entered the prolonged IAS programme and were followed for up to 10 years (mean 6.4 ± 3.5). Efficacy of IAS was determined by reduction in proteinuria (primary outcome), global disease activity [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)] and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels (secondary outcomes). Full/partial remission was defined as ≤ 0.5/≤ 1.0 g/day for proteinuria, ≤ 5/≤ 8 for SLEDAI and ≤ 25/≤ 50 IU/mL for anti-dsDNA levels. We further assessed flares, infections, malignancies and procedure-related adverse events. Short-term IAS (≤ 1 year) resulted in a significant reduction of proteinuria (9.2 ± 3.7 to 2.3 ± 2.4, P = 0.0001), disease activity (SLEDAI 19 ± 8 to 4 ± 2, P = 0.0004) and dsDNA levels (168 ± 205 to 45 ± 34, P = 0.001). In patients without remission after 1 year (n = 5), prolonged IAS decreased proteinuria from 4.3 ± 2.4 to 0.5 ± 0.4 g/day, P = 0.02. At the end of observation, complete remission in proteinuria was achieved in seven patients (64%) and partial remission in two (18%) additional patients. One patient flared and was discontinued; in all other patients, disease activity and anti-dsDNA stabilized at remission levels. Flares (0.28 ± 0.30) and infections (0.66 ± 0.70 per patient/year) were relatively uncommon; no malignancies, anaphylactic or orthostatic adverse events were observed. IAS is effective in short-term use but prolonged IAS can provide additional therapeutic benefit while showing an acceptable safety profile. The vast majority of initially therapy-refractory patients met the remission criteria at the end of

  16. Elemental gas-phase abundances of intermediate redshift type Ia supernova star-forming host galaxies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreno-Raya, M. E.; Galbany, L.; López-Sánchez, Á. R.; Mollá, M.; González-Gaitán, S.; Vílchez, J. M.; Carnero, A.

    2018-05-01

    The maximum luminosity of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) depends on the oxygen abundance of the regions of the host galaxies, where they explode. This metallicity dependence reduces the dispersion in the Hubble diagram (HD) when included with the traditional two-parameter calibration of SN Ia light-curve parameters and absolute magnitude. In this work, we use empirical calibrations to carefully estimate the oxygen abundance of galaxies hosting SNe Ia from the SDSS-II/SN (Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova) survey at intermediate redshift by measuring their emission-line intensities. We also derive electronic temperature with the direct method for a small fraction of objects for consistency. We find a trend of decreasing oxygen abundance with increasing redshift for the most massive galaxies. Moreover, we study the dependence of the HD residuals (HR) with galaxy oxygen abundance obtaining a correlation in line with those found in other works. In particular, the HR versus oxygen abundance shows a slope of -0.186 ± 0.123 mag dex-1 (1.52σ) in good agreement with theoretical expectations. This implies smaller distance modulii after corrections for SNe Ia in metal-rich galaxies. Based on our previous results on local SNe Ia, we propose this dependence to be due to the lower luminosity of the SNe Ia produced in more metal-rich environments.

  17. Transgenic cotton plants expressing Cry1Ia12 toxin confer resistance to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda and cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Sampaio Oliveira

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized with PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold. Also, a significant reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60% was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda and the Coleopteran (A. grandis insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests.

  18. Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Cry1Ia12 Toxin Confer Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis).

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira, Raquel S; Oliveira-Neto, Osmundo B; Moura, Hudson F N; de Macedo, Leonardo L P; Arraes, Fabrício B M; Lucena, Wagner A; Lourenço-Tessutti, Isabela T; de Deus Barbosa, Aulus A; da Silva, Maria C M; Grossi-de-Sa, Maria F

    2016-01-01

    Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique) using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized by PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold). Also, an important reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60%) was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda), and the Coleopteran (A. grandis) insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests.

  19. Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Cry1Ia12 Toxin Confer Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira, Raquel S.; Oliveira-Neto, Osmundo B.; Moura, Hudson F. N.; de Macedo, Leonardo L. P.; Arraes, Fabrício B. M.; Lucena, Wagner A.; Lourenço-Tessutti, Isabela T.; de Deus Barbosa, Aulus A.; da Silva, Maria C. M.; Grossi-de-Sa, Maria F.

    2016-01-01

    Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique) using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized by PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold). Also, an important reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60%) was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda), and the Coleopteran (A. grandis) insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests. PMID:26925081

  20. Identification of Ag and Cd photoluminescence in $^{111}$Ag-doped GaN

    CERN Document Server

    Stötzler, A; Deicher, M

    1999-01-01

    In order to unambiguously identify the chemical nature of Cd and Ag related optical transitions in GaN, epitaxial GaN layers were implanted with the radioactive isotope $^{111}$Ag which decays into stable $^{111}$Cd. This chemical transmutation was monitored by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Being an element specific property, the half-life of this decay was used to establish the chemical assignment of the optical transitions to a specific defect. We found that the Ag related transitions consist of a series of four single lines (1.610, 1.600, 1.594, and 1.573 eV), each accompanied by two phonon replicas separated by 63 meV. Cd produces two PL bands centered at 2.7 and 3.2 eV. Additional Cd-related single transitions at 3.341, 3.328, and 3.249 eV have been observed. Exponential fits to the PL intensities yield half-lives of $t_{1/2}^{Ag}$= (7.61$\\pm$0.27) d and $t_{1/2}^{Cd}$=(7.60$\\pm$0.27) d, respectively, in good agreement with the half-life of $^{111}$Ag of 7.45 d. (13 refs).

  1. Synthesis of 9,9′-[1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxymethylene]bis-2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6<em>H>-purin-6-one, an Impurity of Acyclovir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan José Vaquero

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available The synthesis of 9,9'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxymethylene]bis-2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6<em>H>-purin-6-one, a minor impurity of acyclovir, is described.<em> em>Starting with commercial <em>N>-(9-acetyl-6-oxo-1<em>H>-purin-2-ylacetamide, the process uses an acid catalysed phase transfer catalysis (PTC process to produce the selective alkylation at the 9 position of the guanine ring.

  2. No Contribution of GAD-65 and IA-2 Autoantibodies around Time of Diagnosis to the Increasing Incidence of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes: A 9-Year Nationwide Danish Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Steffen U. Thorsen

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Aims. A new perspective on autoantibodies as pivotal players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D has recently emerged. Our key objective was to examine whether increased levels of autoantibodies against the β-cell autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase (isoform 65 (GADA and insulinoma associated antigen-2A (IA-2A mirrored the 3.4% annual increase in incidence of T1D. Methods. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, we randomly selected 500 patients and 500 siblings for GADA and IA-2A analysis (1997 through 2005. Blood samples were taken within three months after onset. A robust log-normal regression model was used. Nine hundred children and adolescents had complete records and were included in the analysis. Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate changes in prevalence of autoantibody positivity by period. Results. No significant changes in levels of GADA and IA-2A were found over our 9-year study period. No trends in autoantibody positivity—in either patients or siblings—were found. Levels of GADA and IA-2A were significantly associated with HLA risk groups and GADA with age. Conclusion. The prevalence of positivity and the levels of GADA and IA-2A have not changed between 1997 and 2005 in newly diagnosed patients with T1D and their siblings without T1D.

  3. Formation of Ag2, Au2 and AgAu particles on MgO(1 0 0): DFT study on the role of support-induced charge transfer in metal-metal interactions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuente, Silvia A.; Belelli, Patricia G.; Branda, Maria M.; Ferullo, Ricardo M.; Castellani, Norberto J.

    2009-01-01

    The formation of Ag 2 , Au 2 and AgAu particles oriented perpendicularly to the MgO(1 0 0) surface was studied using the density functional theory. While the support induces a slight enhancement of the Ag-Ag bond (by 0.3-0.4 eV), the Au-Au bond is strongly enhanced (by 0.8-1.1 eV). Concerning the bimetallic particle, the Ag-Au bond stabilization depends on the relative position of each atom. Thus, in general terms, the strength of the metal-metal bond is determined by the nature of the terminal atom; the bond is stronger in Au-terminal particles. The partial electronic charge transfer to the terminal Au atom and its ability to polarize this charge are responsible for this energetic stabilization.

  4. Manganese in Dwarf Galaxies as a Probe of Type Ia Supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Los Reyes, Mithi; Kirby, Evan N.

    2018-06-01

    Despite the importance of thermonuclear or Type Ia supernovae (SNe) as standard candles in astrophysics, the physical mechanisms behind Type Ia SNe are still poorly constrained. Theoretically, the nucleosynthetic yields from Type Ia SNe can distinguish among different models of Type Ia explosions. For example, neutron-rich elements such as manganese (Mn) are sensitive probes of the physics of Type Ia SNe because their abundances are correlated to the density of the progenitor white dwarf. Since dwarf galaxies' chemical evolution is dominated by Type Ia SNe at late times, Type Ia nucleosynthetic yields can be indirectly inferred from stellar abundances in dwarf galaxies. However, previous measurements of Mn in dwarf galaxies are too incomplete to draw definitive conclusions on the Type Ia explosion mechanism. In this work, we therefore use medium-resolution stellar spectroscopy from Keck/DEIMOS to measure Mn abundances in red giants in several Milky Way satellite galaxies. We report average Type Ia Mn yields computed from these abundances, and we discuss the implications for Type Ia supernova physics.

  5. Identification of Ag-acceptors in $^{111}Ag^{111}Cd$ doped ZnTe and CdTe

    CERN Document Server

    Hamann, J; Deicher, M; Filz, T; Lany, S; Ostheimer, V; Strasser, F; Wolf, H; Wichert, T

    2000-01-01

    Nominally undoped ZnTe and CdTe crystals were implanted with radioactive /sup 111/Ag, which decays to /sup 111/Cd, and investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). In ZnTe, the PL lines caused by an acceptor level at 121 meV are observed: the principal bound exciton (PBE) line, the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) band, and the two-hole transition lines. In CdTe, the PBE line and the DAP band that correspond to an acceptor level at 108 meV appear. Since the intensities of all these PL lines decrease in good agreement with the half-life of /sup 111/Ag of 178.8 h, both acceptor levels are concluded to be associated with defects containing a single Ag atom. Therefore, the earlier assignments to substitutional Ag on Zn- and Cd-lattice sites in the respective II-VI semiconductors are confirmed. The assignments in the literature of the S/sub 1/, S /sub 2/, and S/sub 3/ lines in ZnTe and the X/sub 1//sup Ag/, X/sub 2 //sup Ag//C/sub 1//sup Ag/, and C/sub 2//sup Ag/ lines in CdTe to Ag- related defect complexes are ...

  6. Preparation and characterization of sub-20 nm Cu{sub X}@Ag{sub 1} core-shell nanoparticles by changing concentration of silver precursor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chee, Sang-Soo; Lee, Jong-Hyun, E-mail: pljh@snut.ac.kr

    2017-01-01

    Ultrafine Ag-coated Cu (Cu@Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) less than 20 nm in diameter were prepared. After synthesizing ultrafine Cu NPs using a solvothermal method to serve as the core particles, Cu@Ag NPs were fabricated with different initial Ag precursor concentrations, resulting in different thicknesses, densities, and uniformities of Ag shells. The average thickness and density of the Ag shell increased with increasing initial Ag precursor concentration in a Cu:Ag atomic ratio from 6:1 to 1:1. However, excessive Ag precursor concentrations induced homogeneous nucleation and growth of surplus fine pure NPs. Ag dewetting behavior and Cu oxidation in the Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} NPs were observed, they occurred during heating at 200 and 250 °C, respectively. The electrical resistivities of sintered Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} films decreased with increasing temperature from 200 to 240 °C. The resistivity after washing the OA and sintering for 60 min at 240 °C in air was measured to be 4.96 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm. The film was sintered in nitrogen using the ink containing non-washed Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} NPs indicated the lower resistivity of 2.70 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm owing to the non-oxidation atmosphere, although the chemically capped oleylamine in the core-shell NPs hindered the sintering behavior. - Highlights: • Ultrafine Ag-coated Cu nanoparticles less than 20 nm in diameter were fabricated. • Different Ag precursor concentrations influenced thickness and density of Ag shell. • Excessive Ag precursor concentrations induced formation of surplus fine pure NPs. • Ag dewetting behavior and Cu oxidation in Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} nanoparticles were observed. • Electrical resistivities of sintered Cu{sub 4}@Ag{sub 1} films were 2.70–4.96 × 10{sup −3} Ω cm.

  7. Asian patients with Hinchey Ia acute diverticulitis: a condition for the ambulatory setting?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chan, Dedrick Kok Hong; Tan, Ker-Kan

    2018-01-01

    Diverticulitis in Asians is a different disease entity from Western counterparts. Few Asian studies have evaluated the management of acute Hinchey Ia diverticulitis with consideration for outpatient management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of Asian patients with Hinchey Ia acute diverticulitis. A retrospective review of all patients who were treated for Hinchey Ia acute colonic diverticulitis between 2012 and 2014 was performed. All patients were diagnosed on computed tomography (CT). There were 129 patients with Hinchey Ia acute diverticulitis. Fifty-five (42.6%) patients were male, and the median age was 54 years (range, 30-86). Eighty-seven (67.4%) patients had right-sided diverticulitis. Most patients were treated empirically with intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole (89.1%). They were then discharged with oral antibiotics. Only 6.1% of patients had a positive blood culture. The median length of stay in the hospital was 4 (range, 3-4) days. Only three (2.3%) patients were readmitted for acute diverticulitis within 30 days. They were managed with antibiotics and discharged well. The repeated CT scans reconfirmed Hinchey Ia diverticulitis. No patients required emergency surgery, and there were no 30-day mortalities. Asian patients with Hinchey Ia diverticulitis recovered well with conservative management and could be amenable to outpatient therapy. Future prospective studies should be performed amongst Asians to evaluate managing this condition in an ambulatory setting.

  8. Construction of Ag/AgCl nanostructures from Ag nanoparticles as high-performance visible-light photocatalysts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Fan; Liu, Dongzhi; Wang, Tianyang; Li, Wei [Tianjin University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology (China); Hu, Wenping [Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (China); Zhou, Xueqin, E-mail: zhouxueqin@tju.edu.cn [Tianjin University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology (China)

    2016-11-15

    A combined strategy of in situ oxidation and assembly is developed to prepare Ag/AgCl nanospheres and nanocubes from Ag nanoparticles under room temperature. It is a new facile way to fabricate Ag/AgCl with small sizes and defined morphologies. Ag/AgCl nanospheres with an average size of 80 nm were achieved without any surfactants, while Ag/AgCl nanocubes with a mean edge length of 150 nm were obtained by introduction of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-ammonio-acetate. The possible formation mechanism involves the self-assembly of AgCl nanoparticles, Ostwald ripening and photoreduction of Ag{sup +} into Ag{sup 0} by the room light. The as-prepared Ag/AgCl nanospheres and nanocubes exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and stability toward degradation of organic pollutants under visible-light irradiation. It is demonstrated that Ag/AgCl nanocubes display enhanced photocatalytic activity in comparison with Ag/AgCl nanospheres due to the more efficient charge transfer. This work may pave an avenue to construct various functional materials via the assembly strategy using nanoparticles as versatile building blocks.

  9. Spectral Sequences of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Connecting Normal and Subluminous SNe Ia and the Presence of Unburned Carbon

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heringer, E.; Kerkwijk, M. H. van [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4 (Canada); Sim, S. A. [Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN (United Kingdom); Kerzendorf, W. E. [European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching (Germany)

    2017-09-01

    Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are generally agreed to arise from thermonuclear explosions of carbon–oxygen white dwarfs. The actual path to explosion, however, remains elusive, with numerous plausible parent systems and explosion mechanisms suggested. Observationally, SNe Ia have multiple subclasses, distinguished by their light curves and spectra. This raises the question of whether these indicate that multiple mechanisms occur in nature or that explosions have a large but continuous range of physical properties. We revisit the idea that normal and 91bg-like SNe can be understood as part of a spectral sequence in which changes in temperature dominate. Specifically, we find that a single ejecta structure is sufficient to provide reasonable fits of both the normal SN Ia SN 2011fe and the 91bg-like SN 2005bl, provided that the luminosity and thus temperature of the ejecta are adjusted appropriately. This suggests that the outer layers of the ejecta are similar, thus providing some support for a common explosion mechanism. Our spectral sequence also helps to shed light on the conditions under which carbon can be detected in premaximum SN Ia spectra—we find that emission from iron can “fill in” the carbon trough in cool SNe Ia. This may indicate that the outer layers of the ejecta of events in which carbon is detected are relatively metal-poor compared to events in which carbon is not detected.

  10. Thermodynamic properties of solid solutions in the system Ag2S–Ag2Se

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pal’yanova, G.A.; Chudnenko, K.V.; Zhuravkova, T.V.

    2014-01-01

    We have summarized experimental data on the phase diagram of the system Ag 2 S–Ag 2 Se. Standard thermodynamic functions of four solid solutions in this system have been calculated using the model of regular and subregular solutions: a restricted fcc solid solution γ-Ag 2 S-Ag 2 S 1−x Se x (x 2 S–Ag 2 Se, monoclinic solid solution (α) from Ag 2 S to Ag 2 S 0.4 Se 0.6 , and orthorhombic solid solution (α) from Ag 2 S 0.3 Se 0.7 to the Ag 2 Se. G mix and S mix have been evaluated using the subregular model for asymmetric solution for the region Ag 2 S 0.4 Se 0.6 –Ag 2 S 0.3 Se 0.7 . The thermodynamic data can be used for modeling in complex natural systems and in matters of semiconductor materials

  11. Silicene on Ag(1 1 1): Geometric and electronic structures of a new honeycomb material of Si

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takagi, Noriaki; Lin, Chun-Liang; Kawahara, Kazuaki; Minamitani, Emi; Tsukahara, Noriyuki; Kawai, Maki; Arafune, Ryuichi

    2015-02-01

    Silicene, a two-dimensional honeycomb sheet consisting of Si atoms, has attracted much attention as a new low-dimensional material because it gains various fascinating characteristics originating from the combination of Dirac fermion features with spin-orbit coupling. The novel properties such as the quantum spin Hall effect and the compatibility with the current Si device technologies have fueled competition to realize the silicene. This review article focuses on the geometric and electronic structures of silicene grown on Ag(1 1 1) investigated by scanning tunneling microcopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The silicene on Ag(1 1 1) takes locally-buckled structure in which the Si atoms are displaced perpendicularly to the basal plane. As a result, several superstructures such as 4 × 4,√{ 13 } ×√{ 13 } R 13.9 °, 4 /√{ 3 } × 4 /√{ 3 } , and etc. emerge. The atomic arrangement of the 4 × 4 silicene has been determined by STM, DFT calculations and LEED dynamical analysis, while the other superstructures remain to be fully-resolved. In the 4 × 4 silicene, Si atoms are arranged to form a buckled honeycomb structure where six Si atoms of 18 Si atoms in the unit cell are displaced vertically. The displacements lead to the vertical shift of the substrate Ag atoms, indicating the non-negligible coupling at the interface between the silicene layer and the substrate. The interface coupling significantly modifies the electronic structure of the 4 × 4 silicene. No Landau level sequences were observed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) with magnetic fields applied perpendicularly to the sample surface. The DFT calculations showed that the π and π∗ bands derived from the Si 3pz are hybridized with the Ag electronic states, leading to the drastic modification in the band structure and then the absence of Dirac fermion features together with the two-dimensionality in the electronic states

  12. SURF IA Conflict Detection and Resolution Algorithm Evaluation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Denise R.; Chartrand, Ryan C.; Wilson, Sara R.; Commo, Sean A.; Barker, Glover D.

    2012-01-01

    The Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface with Indications and Alerts (SURF IA) algorithm was evaluated in a fast-time batch simulation study at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. SURF IA is designed to increase flight crew situation awareness of the runway environment and facilitate an appropriate and timely response to potential conflict situations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of the SURF IA algorithm under various runway scenarios, multiple levels of conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) system equipage, and various levels of horizontal position accuracy. This paper gives an overview of the SURF IA concept, simulation study, and results. Runway incursions are a serious aviation safety hazard. As such, the FAA is committed to reducing the severity, number, and rate of runway incursions by implementing a combination of guidance, education, outreach, training, technology, infrastructure, and risk identification and mitigation initiatives [1]. Progress has been made in reducing the number of serious incursions - from a high of 67 in Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 to 6 in FY2010. However, the rate of all incursions has risen steadily over recent years - from a rate of 12.3 incursions per million operations in FY2005 to a rate of 18.9 incursions per million operations in FY2010 [1, 2]. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) also considers runway incursions to be a serious aviation safety hazard, listing runway incursion prevention as one of their most wanted transportation safety improvements [3]. The NTSB recommends that immediate warning of probable collisions/incursions be given directly to flight crews in the cockpit [4].

  13. HUBBLE RESIDUALS OF NEARBY TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE CORRELATED WITH HOST GALAXY MASSES

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kelly, Patrick L.; Burke, David L.; Hicken, Malcolm; Mandel, Kaisey S.; Kirshner, Robert P.

    2010-01-01

    From Sloan Digital Sky Survey u'g'r'i'z' imaging, we estimate the stellar masses of the host galaxies of 70 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia, 0.015 10.8 M sun in a cosmology fit yields 1 + w = 0.22 +0.152 -0.108 , while a combination where the 30 nearby SNe instead have host masses greater than 10 10.8 M sun yields 1 + w = -0.03 +0.217 -0.143 . Progenitor metallicity, stellar population age, and dust extinction correlate with galaxy mass and may be responsible for these systematic effects. Host galaxy measurements will yield improved distances to SNe Ia.

  14. Overvalued ideas and their impact on treatment outcome Idéias supervalorizadas e seu impacto no resultado do tratamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fugen A. Neziroglu

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The presence of overvalued ideas (OVI in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD has been theoretically linked to poorer treatment outcome. However, to date there have not been any quantitative measures of overvalued ideas. Therefore, the relationship between OVI and outcome has been primarily hypothetical. Rudimentary assessments have been attempted by asking patients to rate their strength of belief from 1 to 10, clinically rating the fixity of beliefs from 1 to 5, and rating patients on item 11 (insight on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between OVI, degree of severity of OCD symptoms, and improvement. METHOD: Twenty patients with OCD participated in the study. All patients were treated with six days a week of 90 minutes of exposure and response prevention (ERP and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. No changes in medication were made during the course of treatment and all patients had been on their respective medications for at least three months prior to entering the study. Assessment scales consisted of the Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS, Y-BOCS, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: The results indicated that overvalued ideas did not necessarily correlate with severity of symptoms on the Y-BOCS. The higher the score on the OVIS, the less change on the Y-BOCS score. CONCLUSION: Overvalued ideas appear to be an important predictor of poor outcome.INTRODUÇÃO: A existência de idéias superestimadas (IS em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC vem sendo teoricamente relacionada a resultado insatisfatório do tratamento. Como até o momento não existem medidas quantitativas das idéias superestimadas, a relação entre IS e resultado fica restrita ao campo hipotético. Houve algumas tentativas de avaliações simples. Era pedido aos pacientes que avaliassem a intensidade de suas convicções, em

  15. EVIDENCE FOR ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF CIRCUMSTELLAR MATERIAL AROUND TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Foerster, Francisco; Gonzalez-Gaitan, Santiago; Anderson, Joseph; Marchi, Sebastian; Gutierrez, Claudia; Hamuy, Mario; Cartier, Regis [Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile); Pignata, Giuliano [Departamento Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 252, Santiago (Chile)

    2012-08-01

    We study the properties of low-velocity material in the line of sight toward nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that have measured late phase nebular velocity shifts (v{sub neb}), thought to be an environment-independent observable. We have found that the distribution of equivalent widths of narrow blended Na I D1 and D2 and Ca II H and K absorption lines differs significantly between those SNe Ia with negative and positive v{sub neb}, with generally stronger absorption for SNe Ia with v{sub neb} {>=} 0. A similar result had been found previously for the distribution of colors of SNe Ia, which was interpreted as a dependence of the temperature of the ejecta with viewing angle. Our work suggests that (1) a significant part of these differences in color should be attributed to extinction, (2) this extinction is caused by an asymmetric distribution of circumstellar material (CSM), and (3) the CSM absorption is generally stronger on the side of the ejecta opposite to where the ignition occurs. Since it is difficult to explain (3) via any known physical processes that occur before explosion, we argue that the asymmetry of the CSM is originated after explosion by a stronger ionizing flux on the side of the ejecta where ignition occurs, probably due to a stronger shock breakout and/or more exposed radioactive material on one side of the ejecta. This result has important implications for both progenitor and explosion models.

  16. Composição bromatológica do co-produto do desfibramento do sisal tratado com uréia Chemical composition of the sisal co-product treated with urea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário Marcos de Santana Faria

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da amonização com uréia pecuária sobre a composição bromatológica do co-produto do processamento do sisal (Agave sisalana, Perrine em diferentes tempos de estocagens. Foram utilizados 300 kg do co-produto, igualmente distribuídos em 60 sacos de polietileno preto, onde se adicionou uréia nas concentrações de 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8% (base matéria seca - MS nos tempos de estocagem de 0, 2, 4 e 6 semanas. Determinaram-se os teores de matéria seca (MS, proteína bruta (PB, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF. O consumo (CMS e a digestibilidade (DMS de MS foram obtidos por estimativa. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC, com 20 tratamentos e três repetições, seguindo o esquema fatorial 5 ´ 4 (cinco doses de uréia e quatro períodos de estocagem. A análise de variância revelou significância para o efeito da dose de uréia para as variáveis PB e MS. Para FDA, CNF e DMS, houve efeito significativo da interação dose de uréia ´ período de fermentação, ao passo que para FDN não houve significância de nenhum dos fatores. O teor de PB cresceu linearmente com a adição de uréia. Além disso, foi observado acréscimo nos teores de FDA, em função do decréscimo dos teores de CNF. As diminuições dos teores de CNF com o aumento dos níveis de uréia indicam que estes foram usados, provavelmente, para a síntese microbiana ou carreados com o efluente. Conclui-se que a adição de até 8% de uréia elevou os teores de PB e, com o aumento do tempo de estocagem, reduziu os teores de CNF e a DMS.The experiment was carried out to evaluate addition effects of five urea levels with four ammonization periods on Agave sisalana residue chemical composition in the different storage times. It was used 300 kg of this co-product, equally distributed in 60 black polyethylene bags, which urea was added

  17. Efeito de reguladores de crescimento em uva apirênica, cv. BRS Clara Effect of growth regulators on the seedless grape cv. BRS Clara

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jair Costa Nachtigal

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações do ácido giberélico (AG3, do thidiazuron (TDZ e do forchlorfenuron (CPPU no aumento do tamanho dos cachos e das bagas e no teor de sólidos solúveis totais de uva sem semente, cv. BRS Clara. As plantas foram conduzidas no sistema de latada, sobre o porta-enxerto IAC 572, no espaçamento 2,5 x 2,0m e com irrigação por microaspersão. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental de Viticultura Tropical, da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, em Jales-SP. Os reguladores de crescimento foram aplicados via pulverização localizada no cacho, utilizando-se de concentrações de 0 a 4mg.L-1 de CPPU; 0 a 10mg.L-1 de TDZ, e de 0 a 90mg.L-1 de AG3, isolados ou em conjunto. De modo geral, a aplicação dos reguladores de crescimento promove a melhoria da qualidade dos cachos da cv. BRS Clara; o uso do TDZ e do CPPU em conjunto com o AG3 produz um efeito sinérgico, proporcionando melhor resposta do que o uso isolado do AG3; os tratamentos com 60mg.L-1 de AG3; 20mg.L-1 de AG3 + 4mg.L-1 de CPPU, e 10mg.L-1 de AG3 + 5mg.L-1 de TDZ proporcionam os melhores resultados para o aumento do diâmetro das bagas; a aplicação de AG3 antes da floração da cv. BRS Clara provoca abortamento excessivo, reduzindo a qualidade comercial dos cachos; a utilização de concentrações elevadas dos reguladores reduz o teor de sólidos solúveis totais.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (AG3, thidiazuron (TDZ and forchlorfenuron (CPPU on the size of bunches and berries and on the total soluble solids content, when applied in different concentrations on the seedless grapes, cv. BRS Clara. The grapevines were grafted on the rootstock IAC 572, trained in the pergola system and, spaced 2.5 x 2.0m and irrigated by micro sprinklers. The experiments were carried out at the Embrapa Grape and Wine Experimental

  18. Uma Análise das Diferenças em Termos da Cultura a Partir do Projeto de Substituição da IAS 39: Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Daniela Ferreira da Mota Carvalho

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A cultura contabilística de cada país é frequentemente encaradacomo um obstáculo à plena harmonização contabilística.Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar as diferenças em termos dacultura a partir da participação dos respondentes nos processosde emissão/alteração de normas do International AccountingStandard Board (Iasb. Para o efeito, foram analisadas as commentletters enviadas ao Iasb no contexto da primeira parte da primeirafase do projeto de substituição da International AccountingStandard (IAS 39: Financial Instruments – Recognition andMeasurement pela International Financial Reporting Standard(IFRS 9. Os países respondentes foram identificados em funçãoda classificação proposta por Gray (1988, sendo posteriormenteos dados recolhidos submetidos ao teste não paramétrico do quiquadrado.Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a existênciade diferenças em termos da cultura nas respostas obtidas dospaíses, particularmente no contexto do valor contabilísticodo conservadorismo, não se identificando evidências de taisdiferenças para os valores do secretismo, do profissionalismo eda uniformidade. Conclui-se, assim, que os países classificadoscomo conservadores têm preferência por práticas de mensuraçãomais conservadoras, baseadas, designadamente, no custo ou nocusto amortizado, em detrimento de critérios de mensuraçãobaseados no justo valor. Pretende-se que os resultados obtidosneste estudo prestem o suporte necessário à tomada de decisõespor parte dos organismos emissores de normas internacionais,bem como pelos responsáveis nacionais pela subscrição dasreferidas normas.

  19. Premaximum observations of the type Ia SN 1990N

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leibundgut, B.; Kirshner, R.P.; Filippenko, A.V.; Shields, J.C.; Foltz, C.B.; Phillips, M.M.; Sonneborn, G.

    1991-01-01

    Spectroscopic and photometric observations of SN 1990N were obtained at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths, beginning 14 days before maximum light. The early observations reveal important differences from spectra of SN Ia's around maximum light. Photometry and spectroscopy obtained after maximum show that SN 1990N is a typical SN Ia and that most of the observed differences are due to the early epoch of the observations. The most significant characteristics are (1) the high velocities of Ca and Si up to 22,000 km/s; (2) the presence of Co and Fe 2 weeks before maximum; and (3) the more rapid increase in the UV flux compared to the optical. The most popular models for white dwarf deflagration that have provided the standard interpretation for SN Ia's at maximum light do not reproduce the high velocities of Ca II and Si II lines observed in SN 1990N. 37 refs

  20. Risk-Association of <em>CYP11A1em> Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Among Han Chinese Women in Southern China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Minying Sun

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Exposure to endogenous sex hormones has been reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. The <em>CYP11A1em> gene encodes the key enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in steroid hormone synthesis. In this study, the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in <em>CYP11A1em> and breast cancer susceptibility were examined. Six SNPs in <em>CYP11A1 em>were genotyped using the MassARRAY IPLEX platform in 530 breast cancer patients and 546 healthy controls. Association analyses based on a χ2 test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine the odds ratio (<em>OR> and 95% confidence interval (95% <em>CI> for each SNP. Two loci (rs2959008 and rs2279357 showed evidence of associations with breast cancer risk. The variant genotype C/T-C/C of rs2959008 was significantly associated with a decreased risk (age-adjusted<em> ORem>, 0.75; 95% <em>CI>, 0.58–0.96; <em>P em>= 0.023 compared with the wild-type TT. However, the homozygous TT variant of rs2279357 exhibited increased susceptibility to breast cancer (age-adjusted<em> ORem>, 1.44; 95% <em>CI>, 1.05–1.98; <em>P em>= 0.022. The locus rs2959003 also showed an appreciable effect, but no associations were observed for three other SNPs. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of <em>CYP11A1em> are related to breast cancer susceptibility in Han Chinese women of South China.

  1. miR-200c targets nuclear factor IA to suppress HBV replication and gene expression via repressing HBV Enhancer I activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Hui; He, Zhenkun

    2018-03-01

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection is a health problem in the worldwide, with a underlying higher risk of liver cirrhosis and hepaticocellular carcinoma. A number of studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in HBV replication. This study was designed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of miR-200c in HBV replication. The expression of miR-200c, nuclear factor IA (NFIA) mRNA, HBV DNA, and HBV RNA (pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and total RNA) were measured by qRCR. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were detected by ELISA. NFIA expression at protein level was measured by western blot. The direct interaction between miR-200c and NFIA were identified by Targetscan software and Dual-Luciferase reporter analysis. Enhance I activity were detected by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. miR-200c expression was prominently reduced in pHBV1.3-tranfected Huh7 and in stable HBV-producing cell line (HepG2.2.15). The enforced expression of miR-200c significantly suppressed HBV replication, as demonstrated by the reduced levels of HBV protein (HBsAg and HBeAg) and, DNA and RNA (pgRNA and total RNA) levels. NFIA was proved to be a target of miR-200c and NFIA overexpression notably stimulated HBV replication. In addition, the inhibitory effect of miR-200c on HBV Enhance I activity was abolished following restoration of NFIA. miR-200c repressed HBV replication by directly targeting NFIA, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for HBV infection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  2. Type-Ia supernova rates to redshift 2.4 from clash: The cluster lensing and supernova survey with Hubble

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Graur, O.; Rodney, S. A.; Riess, A. G.; Medezinski, E.; Maoz, D.; Jha, S. W.; Holoien, T. W.-S.; McCully, C.; Patel, B.; Postman, M.; Dahlen, T.; Strolger, L.-G.; Coe, D.; Bradley, L.; Koekemoer, A.; Benítez, N.; Molino, A.; Jouvel, S.; Nonino, M.; Balestra, I.

    2014-01-01

    We present the supernova (SN) sample and Type-Ia SN (SN Ia) rates from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have imaged 25 galaxy-cluster fields and parallel fields of non-cluster galaxies. We report a sample of 27 SNe discovered in the parallel fields. Of these SNe, ∼13 are classified as SN Ia candidates, including four SN Ia candidates at redshifts z > 1.2. We measure volumetric SN Ia rates to redshift 1.8 and add the first upper limit on the SN Ia rate in the range 1.8 < z < 2.4. The results are consistent with the rates measured by the HST/GOODS and Subaru Deep Field SN surveys. We model these results together with previous measurements at z < 1 from the literature. The best-fitting SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD; the distribution of times that elapse between a short burst of star formation and subsequent SN Ia explosions) is a power law with an index of −1.00 −0.06(0.10) +0.06(0.09) (statistical) −0.08 +0.12 (systematic), where the statistical uncertainty is a result of the 68% and 95% (in parentheses) statistical uncertainties reported for the various SN Ia rates (from this work and from the literature), and the systematic uncertainty reflects the range of possible cosmic star-formation histories. We also test DTD models produced by an assortment of published binary population synthesis (BPS) simulations. The shapes of all BPS double-degenerate DTDs are consistent with the volumetric SN Ia measurements, when the DTD models are scaled up by factors of 3-9. In contrast, all BPS single-degenerate DTDs are ruled out by the measurements at >99% significance level.

  3. AgMIP 1.5°C Assessment: Mitigation and Adaptation at Coordinated Global and Regional Scales

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosenzweig, C.

    2016-12-01

    The AgMIP 1.5°C Coordinated Global and Regional Integrated Assessments of Climate Change and Food Security (AgMIP 1.5 CGRA) is linking site-based crop and livestock models with similar models run on global grids, and then links these biophysical components with economics models and nutrition metrics at regional and global scales. The AgMIP 1.5 CGRA assessment brings together experts in climate, crop, livestock, economics, nutrition, and food security to define the 1.5°C Protocols and guide the process throughout the assessment. Scenarios are designed to consistently combine elements of intertwined storylines of future society including socioeconomic development (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways), greenhouse gas concentrations (Representative Concentration Pathways), and specific pathways of agricultural sector development (Representative Agricultural Pathways). Shared Climate Policy Assumptions will be extended to provide additional agricultural detail on mitigation and adaptation strategies. The multi-model, multi-disciplinary, multi-scale integrated assessment framework is using scenarios of economic development, adaptation, mitigation, food policy, and food security. These coordinated assessments are grounded in the expertise of AgMIP partners around the world, leading to more consistent results and messages for stakeholders, policymakers, and the scientific community. The early inclusion of nutrition and food security experts has helped to ensure that assessment outputs include important metrics upon which investment and policy decisions may be based. The CGRA builds upon existing AgMIP research groups (e.g., the AgMIP Wheat Team and the AgMIP Global Gridded Crop Modeling Initiative; GGCMI) and regional programs (e.g., AgMIP Regional Teams in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia), with new protocols for cross-scale and cross-disciplinary linkages to ensure the propagation of expert judgment and consistent assumptions.

  4. Computational investigation of CO adsorbed on Aux, Agx and (AuAg)x nanoclusters (x = 1 - 5, 147) and monometallic Au and Ag low-energy surfaces*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gould, Anna L.; Catlow, C. Richard A.; Logsdail, Andrew J.

    2018-02-01

    Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the use of CO as a probe molecule for the determination of the structure and composition of Au, Ag and AuAg nanoparticles. For very small nanoclusters (x = 1 - 5), the CO vibrational frequencies can be directly correlated to CO adsorption strength, whereas larger 147-atom nanoparticles show a strong energetic preference for CO adsorption at a vertex position but the highest wavenumbers are for the bridge positions. We also studied CO adsorption on Au and Ag (100) and (111) surfaces, for a 1 monolayer coverage, which proves to be energetically favourable on atop only and bridge positions for Au (100) and atop for Ag (100); vibrational frequencies of the CO molecules red-shift to lower wavenumbers as a result of increased metal coordination. We conclude that CO vibrational frequencies cannot be solely relied upon in order to obtain accurate compositional analysis, but we do propose that elemental rearrangement in the core@shell nanoclusters, from Ag@Au (or Au@Ag) to an alloy, would result in a shift in the CO vibrational frequencies that indicate changes in the surface composition. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Shaping Nanocatalysts", edited by Francesca Baletto, Roy L. Johnston, Jochen Blumberger and Alex Shluger.Supplementary material in the form of one pdf file available from the Journal web page at http://https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2017-80280-7

  5. Palimpsestos bíblicos em Sombra severa, de Raimundo Carrero

    OpenAIRE

    Costa, Eliene Medeiros da

    2012-01-01

    Os textos literários são configurados por meio de intercâmbio com diversas formulações discursivas presentes no âmbito da cultura. Por essa razão, os mesmos estão em constante diálogo uns com os outros, exemplificados através de relações interdiscursivas, que por vezes se apresentam como palimpsestos. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho se apóia em contribuições teóricas e metodológicas sobre o discurso, particularmente, a Transtextualidade, de Genette, e a Interdiscursividade, de Mainguen...

  6. Sincronia interespecífica de uma assembléia local de anuros no Brasil Central: efeitos da filogenia e padrões reprodutivos - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v25i1.2114 Interspecific synchrony in a local assemblage of anurans in Central Brazil: effects of phylogeny and reproductive patterns - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v25i1.2114

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Fernando L. Valle de Britto Rangel

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available O padrão de ocorrência temporal de 15 espécies de anfíbios que coexistem em uma unidade de conservação brasileira foi estudado de junho de 1995 a maio de 1998. Utilizando a matriz de dados binários, uma matriz de associação interespecífica (coeficiente de Jaccard foi calcudala. Como uma única assembléia local foi temporalmente monitorada, esta matriz demonstra como os pares de espécies estão temporalmente associados (sincronia interespecífica. Duas matrizes explanatórias, uma baseada nas relações taxonômicas entre as espécies e a outra baseada nas características reprodutivas das espécies foram também analisadas. Os testes de Mantel indicaram que a matriz de sincronia interespecífica foi significativamente relacionada com a matriz de taxonomia, mas não com a matriz de padrões reprodutivos. Assim, espécies de anfíbios taxonomicamente relacionadas flutuam mais sincronicamente do que o esperado ao acaso. Extrapolando esse resultado para outras assembléias, inferimos que o número de espécies de anfíbios que estão em declínio é provavelmente subestimado. Em outras palavras, se as espécies de uma assembléia estão temporalmente associadas (sincronicamente associadas, além das espécies monitoradas (que reconhecidamente estão em declínio, aquelas espécies taxonomicamente relacionadas da assembléia (que não estão sendo monitoradas também podem apresentar populações em declínioWe studied the pattern of temporal occurrence of 15 amphibians species that coexist in a Brazilian conservation unit from June 1995 to May 1998. Using the resultant binary data matrix, an interspecific association matrix (Jaccard coefficient was calculated. As a unique local assemblage was temporally surveyed, this matrix represents how pairs of species are temporally associated (interspecific synchrony. Two symmetrical explanatory matrices, one based on taxonomic relationships amongst species and the other based on reproductive

  7. AGS experiments -- 1995, 1996 and 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments.

  8. AGS experiments - 1995, 1996 and 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depken, J.C.; Presti, P.L.

    1997-12-01

    This report contains (1) FY 1995 AGS schedule as run; (2) FY 1996 AGS schedule as run; (3) FY 1997 AGS schedule as run; (4) FY 1998--1999 AGS schedule (proposed); (5) AGS beams 1997; (6) AGS experimental area FY 1995 physics program; (7) AGS experimental area FY 1996 physics program; (8) AGS experimental area FY 1997 physics program; (9) AGS experimental area FY 1998--1999 physics program (proposed); (10) a listing of experiments by number; (11) two-page summaries of each experiment, in order by number; and (12) listing of publications of AGS experiments

  9. Utilização do nitrogênio (15N residual de coberturas de solo e da uréia pela cultura do milho Utilization of residual nitrogen (15N from cover crop and urea by corn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edson Cabral da Silva

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Geralmente, grande parte do N de fertilizantes minerais e de plantas de cobertura de solo não é aproveitada pelo milho no cultivo imediato à aplicação, o qual pode ser absorvido pelas culturas cultivadas subseqüentemente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aproveitamento pelo milho do N residual da uréia, da crotalária (Crotalaria juncea e do milheto (Pennisetum americanum marcados com 15N, aplicados ao milho cultivado em sistema plantio direto, no ano agrícola anterior, num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico no Cerrado. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira-UNESP, Selvíria (MS, em áreas distintas. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições, aplicados ao milho em 2001/02 e 2002/03. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, compreendendo a combinação de três coberturas de solo: crotalária juncea, milheto e vegetação espontânea (pousio, e cinco doses de N-uréia: 0, 30, 80, 130 e 180 kg ha-1. Após a colheita do milho, as duas áreas permaneceram em pousio nas entressafras e, em seguida, cultivadas novamente com milho, safras 2002/03 (experimento 1 e 2003/04 (experimento 2, utilizando adubação similar em todas as parcelas, para distinguir o efeito do N residual. O aproveitamento médio do N residual da parte aérea do milheto e da crotalária pelo milho foi inferior a 3,5 e 3 %, respectivamente, da quantidade inicial. A quantidade de N residual da uréia absorvida pelo milho aumentou de forma quadrática, no experimento 1, e linear, no experimento 2, em relação à dose de N aplicada, sendo o aproveitamento desta inferior a 3 %. As coberturas de solo não influenciaram o aproveitamento pelo milho do N residual da uréia, e vice-versa.The majority of N from mineral fertilizers and cover crops is usually not used by the very next corn crop, but can be absorbed by follow-up crops. The objective of this

  10. Resposta a broncodilatador na espirometria: que parâmetros e valores são clinicamente relevantes em doenças obstrutivas?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    RODRIGUES JR. ROBERTO

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Respostas estatísticas dos parâmetros funcionais são largamente utilizadas após administração de broncodilatador (Bd nos laboratórios de função pulmonar em doenças com obstrução ao fluxo aéreo. Sua relevância clínica é discutível. Objetivo: Determinar que parâmetros espirométricos refletem a melhora na tolerância ao exercício e na dispnéia em resposta a broncodilatador em doenças pulmonares obstrutivas. Métodos: 50 pacientes com DPOC e/ou asma (VEF1/CVF = 41 ± 11% realizaram manobras de CV lenta e forçada, VVM e um teste de caminhada em corredor de seis minutos após treinamento, antes e após salbutamol, 400mcg fornecido por spray com espaçador. As respostas a broncodilatador foram expressas em valores absolutos, como incremento em relação ao valor inicial e em relação aos valores previstos. Resposta após Bd foi considerada clinicamente significante quando a distância percorrida se elevou 30m ou mais e/ou a dispnéia foi reduzida dois ou mais pontos com qualquer aumento na caminhada. Resultados: 32 pacientes foram considerados respondedores (R e 18 não respondedores (NR. Como a distância caminhada em seis minutos se correlacionou com a idade (rs = --0,38; p 15% do inicial e 0,3L e da CV > 15% da inicial e 0,4L separaram os respondedores com valor preditivo positivo (VPP em torno de 90%. Conclusão: A melhora do VEF1, CVF e VVM não prediz melhora na capacidade de exercício após Bd. Esta é melhor refletida por aumentos na CI e/ou CV acima de 15% dos valores iniciais.

  11. Thematic trip: "Save Roşia MontanÄă"

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eugenia, Marcu

    2015-04-01

    The name Roşia Montană, situated in Transylvania, became well known after a Romanian-Canadian company, Roşia Montană Gold Company (RMGC), obtained the concession license on exploitation for gold and silver minerals in the Roşia Montană area. The project consists of opening the largest surface gold mines in Europe using cyanide, which will include four open pits and a processing plant for gold and silver in The Roşia Valley and a tailings facility with an area of 367 hectares in the Corna Valley. One of the main fears is related to a possible ecological accident like the one in Baia Mare in 2000, when a tailing facility dam break led to cyanide pollution of Tisa and Danube rivers that resulted in the death of 1,200 tons of fish and contamination of water resources for 2 million people. This thematic trip is important for the scientific preparation of students and an opportunity to educate them in the spirit of environmental protection. The training and education of students will require assimilation and understanding, actively and consciously, using the knowledge acquired during the compulsory curriculum and training skills. REASON: The continuous degradation of the environment is a major crisis due to human intervention in nature, and the proposed Roşia Montană mining project will continue this trend. The company proposes to extract gold from mines by using the gold separation technique using cyanide, a process that involves destroying a total area of 16 km² which includes 5 mountains, 7 churches, 11 cemeteries and the ruins of Alburnus Maior Citadel, as well as creating pollution that would last for hundreds of years. The extraction of gold from low-grade ores using cyanide processes was estimated to result in a worldwide emission of 45,300 tons of hydrogen cyanide. Environmental education for a healthy life has children as target group, because they are the trustees and beneficiaries of tomorrow's natural resources and can influence the attitudes of

  12. Produtividade e Eficiência Biológica de Sistemas de Recria e Engorda de Gado de Corte no Rio Grande de Sul Productivity and Biological Efficiency of Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle Systems in Rio Grande do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virginia Beretta

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram avaliadas, por meio de simulações, a produtividade e a eficiência de sistemas de produção de gado de corte no Rio Grande do Sul, diferindo na idade de abate (IA dos novilhos (54, 42, 36, 30, 24 e 18 meses, IA54, IA42, IA36, IA30, IA24 e IA18, respectivamente, ou nos pesos de compra e venda (sistemas especializados na recria desde 150 a 250 kg - R1, recria de 250 a 350 kg - R2 ou engorda desde 350 a 450 kg -R3. Foi utilizado um modelo estático determinístico, representando os sistemas em equilíbrio. O manejo alimentar foi caracterizado para cada sistema com base em dados bibliográficos, conforme a IA estabelecida, enquanto os sistemas R1, R2 e R3 foram avaliados somente em campo nativo. Houve uma resposta em produtividade de tipo quadrático à redução na IA, atingindo o menor valor (65 kg/ha no sistema IA54 e o maior no IA18 (343 kg/ha. O custo energético por quilo de peso vivo produzido aumentou em 1,19 Mcal EM/kg a cada mês a mais na IA. Associada à redução da IA, a proporção de pastagens melhoradas cresceu até 68% da área de pastejo, possibilitando um aumento paralelo da carga e do ganho médio diário. A diminuição do peso de compra e venda dos animais, para um mesmo ganho total de peso vivo, aumentou a produtividade das empresas (R1=113; R2=81; R3=63 kg/ha, demonstrando ser a especialização na produção uma alternativa de melhoria em sistemas dependentes exclusivamente do campo nativo.A static deterministic model was used to evaluate productivity and efficiency of growing and finishing beef steers systems in Rio Grande do Sul State differing at steers slaughter age (IA: 54, 42, 36, 30, 24 and 18 months (IA54, IA42, IA36, IA30, IA24 e IA18, respectively, or in market live weight for buying and sale (cattle growing systems from 150 to 250 kg -R1, from 250 to 350 kg -R2, or finishing cattle from 350 to 450 kg -R3. Feeding management was described for each system based on published reports according to IA, while

  13. Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs (Canis familiaris with acute diarrhea from metropolitan region of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil/ Ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais em cães (Canis familiaris com diarréia aguda oriundos da região metropolitana de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Luiz de Camargo

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available One hundred and fifty fecal samples from dogs with acute diarrhea (Group 1 and from 50 dogs without diarrhea (Group 2 were collected and analyzed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the State University of Londrina, between October, 2004 and October 2005. From the positive samples (29.3% of Group 1, 72.7% were infected by only one agent, while 27.3% had mixed infection. The following genera wereobserved by coproparasitologic evaluation: Giardia sp. (9.3%, Ancylostoma sp. (7.3%, Cystoisospora (7.3%, Entamoeba sp. (6.7%, Toxocara sp.(4%, Pentatrichomanas hominis (3.3%, and Trichurisvulpis (1.3%. From the 50 animals without diarrhea, six (12% were positive by coproparasitologic evaluation: two (4% for Ancylostoma sp., three (6% with Giardia sp., and one (2% for both Ancylostoma sp. and Cystoisospora sp. There was a significant relationship between infection and diarrhea (P=0,005, age and infection (PForam examinadas 150 amostras de fezes colhidas de cães com diarréia aguda (Grupo 1, e outras 50 de animais sem diarréia (Grupo 2, atendidos entre outubro de 2004 e outubro 2005, no Hospital Veterinário Escola da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Dos 150 animais do G1, 44 (29,3% estavam infectados por helmintos e/ou protozoários, sendo que destes, 32 (72,7% apresentavam infecção simples e 12 (27,3% infecções múltiplas. Os gêneros identificados nestes animais foram: Giardia sp. (9,3%, Cystoisospora sp. (7,3%, Ancylostoma sp. (7,3%, Entamoeba sp. (6,7%, Toxocara sp. (4%, Pentatrichomonas hominis (3,3% e Trichuris vulpis (1,3%. Dos 50 animais sem diarréia, seis (12% eram positivos, dois (4% para Ancylostoma sp., três (6% para Giardia sp. e um (2% para Ancylostoma sp. e Cystoisospora simultaneamente. Houve relação estatisticamente significativa (P=0,005 entre o parasitismo e a ocorrência de diarréia, assim como entre a faixa etária e a proporção de infecções (P<0,001, porém, machos e fêmeas foram igualmente acometidos (P=0,08. O

  14. Penerapan PSAK Adopsi IAS 41 Agriculture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefanus Ariyanto

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available This study aims to determine whether the application of PSAK adopted from IAS 41: Agriculture should be applied to State-Owned Enterprises, especially the plantation SOE. So that the SOE financial information produced becomes more useful for decision-making. Furthermore, this study wants to answer what benefits can be obtained from the implementation of this standard on the plantation-based SOE. The main characteristic of IAS is the use of fair value model for biological assets owned by the agriculture-based entity. The use of this model raises a lot of controversy, primarily, associated with relevant quality and reliability of the information it produces. Research used qualitative method with data collection through literature study, survey, interview, and observation. Survey and interview were divided into two major parts, which were: on the compilers of financial statements and the stakeholders. From this study it can be concluded that the PSAK based on IAS 41 have not to be implemented yet in the near future due to IAS 41 will undergo quite significant revision. Currently, the State-Owned Enterprises could use the PSAK plantation SOE that has been issued.

  15. Adoption of IFRS/IAS impacting the companies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michaela Baranová

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available In recent time, there were done marked changes in IAS/IFRS, changes in existing rules. Fifteen standards of IAS have been amended just before the end of 2003 and in course of the first quarter of the year 2004 updating of other standards IAS has been done. The requirement of changes hangs together, among others, also with the recent affairs about the bankruptcies of big companies. In this connection, accelerated and turning changes are proceeding in EU. Since 2005 every EU listed company has to prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS/IAS. Vast survey on the impacts of IFRS adoption was carried by Mazars in 2005. 25 Czech companies have been also interviewed within the study. These Czech companies have exhibit a strong mastery and readiness for the conversion and transition process. Such a summary is quite unwonted in a number of perspectives. But the aim of the author is not to question the study. In the Czech environment, the specific facts in the field of financial reporting and accounting are given. Following these specifics, the truth is that preparing the financial statements in accordance with IFRS/IAS brings undoubtedly valuation and technical entanglements for which the process is costly.

  16. VELHO ÁLAMO BROTANDO NA RAIZ: A IGREJA CATÓLICA EM COMUNIDADE?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia Slompo Pinto

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Resenha do livro CARRANZA, Brenda; MARIZ, Cecília; CAMURÇA, Marcelo (organizadores. Novas Comunidades Católicas: em busca do espaço pós-moderno. Aparecida, SP: Idéias e Letras, 2009, 288pp. ISBN: 978-85-7698-034-6.

  17. A Hubble Diagram of Distant Type IA Supernovae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamuy, M.; Phillips, M. M.; Suntzeff, N. B.; Aviles, R.; Maza, J.

    1993-12-01

    Due to their extreme luminosities at maximum light, type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have long been considered among the most attractive cosmological standard candles. Although nearly all work to date has been devoted to attempts to use these objects to determine the local rate of expansion of the universe (Ho), SNe Ia also provide one of the few direct techniques for measuring the deceleration parameter qo. However, in a recent study of nine well-observed events based largely on data obtained at CTIO, Phillips (1993, ApJ, 413, L105) found clear evidence for a significant intrinsic dispersion in SNe Ia absolute magnitudes amounting to ~ 0.8 mag in B, ~ 0.7 mag in V, and ~ 0.5 mag in I. Such a range in peak luminosity could introduce a subtantial Malmquist bias into searches for distant (z rate of the B light curve. Interestingly, the most luminous SNe in our sample all occurred in spiral galaxies, which is true for Phillips' sample of nearby SNe Ia as well. This is opposite to what one would expect if dust extinction were important. These findings are consistent with recent speculations that the progenitors of SNe Ia are white dwarfs covering a range of masses, and also suggest that the brightest events may be found in galaxies which are still actively forming stars. The implications for the use of SNe Ia to measure qo are briefly discussed. This research has been supported by Grant 92/0312 from Fondo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología (FONDECYT-Chile).

  18. IAS 25, Bilanzierung von Finanzinvestitionen (Accounting for Investments)

    OpenAIRE

    Steiner, Manfred

    1997-01-01

    IAS 25, Bilanzierung von Finanzinvestitionen (Accounting for Investments). - In: Rechnungslegung nach International Accounting Standards (IAS) / hrsg. von Jörg Baetge ... - Stuttgart : Schäffer-Poeschel, 1997. - S. 923-953

  19. Governo das sociedades, custos de agência e crise financeira: que relação?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catarina Alexandra Alves Fernandes

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O debate sobre o governo das sociedades tem ganhado crescente relevo nos meios acadêmico e empresarial desde o fim da década de 1980. Esse maior destaque foi originado por diversos fatores, dos quais se salientam a crise na Ásia, os escândalos financeiros que assolaram grandes empresas cotadas norte-americanas e algumas empresas de auditoria e, mais recentemente, a crise financeira mundial. Embora há muito defendida a necessidade de aperfeiçoar os instrumentos existentes e de descobrir novos mecanismos, de modo a encontrar um sistema de governo das sociedades que minimize os custos de agência, a crise financeira mundial com origem nos EUA veio dar-lhe novo “fôlego”. E, agora, com especial ênfase na banca. Falhas no governo das sociedades, em particular no setor bancário, têm sido apontadas como culpadas pela crise financeira global iniciada em 2007, só comparável à Grande Depressão. Assim, este artigo pretende, em primeiro lugar, apresentar uma caracterização genérica dos mecanismos de governo das sociedades, integrando no estudo os denominados custos de agência e, em seguida, analisar tais mecanismos no setor bancário, estabelecendo uma relação entre eles e a crise financeira. A pesquisa efetuada permite demonstrar a importância dos instrumentos de governo das sociedades na minimização dos custos de agência, nomeadamente no contexto da crise financeira. Ainda que o setor bancário tenha as suas especificidades, a investigação feita indica que existe uma relação entre aqueles instrumentos e a performance dos bancos e que fragilidades no governo das sociedades determinaram em larga medida a crise financeira. 

  20. Identification of EhTIF-IA: The putative E. histolytica orthologue of the ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-02-04

    Feb 4, 2016 ... We have identified the E. histolytica equivalent of TIF-1A (EhTIF-IA) by homology search within ..... a putative EhTIF-IA with e-value (3e−25). Comparison of .... some biogenesis is correlated with altered rates of rDNA transcription ..... ylation by CK2 facilitates rDNA transcription by promoting dissociation of ...

  1. Foucault e a pesquisa educacional em arte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcilio de Souza Vieira

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Este texto objetiva compreender como a obra de Foucault pode contribuir para a pesquisa educacional reconhecendo essas contribuições para o conhecimento na área da educação. Medéia e Hamlet, respectivamente dos tragediógrafos Eurípides e Shakespeare são possibilidades de exploração da loucura, da sexualidade e da linguagem que podemos encontrar nas obras de Foucault. Pensamos esta abordagem como lições que norteiam o pensamento de Foucault acerca da pesquisa educacional em Arte, embora o filósofo não tenha escrito sobre educação, mas exemplifica em suas obras, artistas e obras de arte que nos ajudam a compreender a loucura, a linguagem e a sexualidade e discuti-las nas aulas de Arte, em especial, nas aulas de teatro.

  2. Perspectives on Climate Effects on Agriculture: The International Efforts of AgMIP in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kihara, Job; MacCarthy, Dilys S.; Bationo, Andre; Koala, Saidou; Hickman, Jonathon; Koo, Jawoo; Vanya, Charles; Adiku, Samuel; Beletse, Yacob; Masikate, Patricia; hide

    2012-01-01

    Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing climate change-related effects that call for integrated regional assessments, yet capacity for these assessments has been low. The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is advancing research on integrated regional assessments of climate change that include climate, crop, and economic modeling and analysis. Through AgMIP, regional integrated assessments are increasingly gaining momentum in SSA, and multi-institutional regional research teams (RRTs) centered in East, West, and Southern· Africa are generating new information on climate change impacts and adaptation in selected agricultural systems. The research in Africa is organized into four RRTs and a coordination team. Each of the RRTs in SSA is composed of scientists from the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) institutions, National Agriculture Research institutes (NARs), and universities consisting of experts in crop and economic modeling, climate, and information technology. Stakeholder involvement to inform specific agricultural systems to be evaluated, key outputs, and the representative agricultural pathways (RAPs), is undertaken at two levels: regional and national, in order to contribute to decision making at these levels. Capacity building for integrated assessment (lA) is a key component that is undertaken continuously through interaction with experts in regional and SSA-wide workshops, and through joint creation of tools. Many students and research affiliates have been identified and entrained as part of capacity building in IA. Bi-monthly updates on scholarly publications in climate change in Africa also serve as a vehicle for knowledge-sharing. With 60 scientists already trained and actively engaged in IA and over 80 getting monthly briefs on the latest information on climate change, a climate-informed community of experts is gradually taking shape in SSA. (See Part 2, Appendices 3-5 in

  3. Highly efficient degradation of thidiazuron with Ag/AgCl- activated carbon composites under LED light irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Yisi [College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China); Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); Zhang, Yan [Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); Dong, Mingguang; Yan, Ting; Zhang, Maosheng [College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000 (China); Zeng, Qingru, E-mail: 40083763@qq.com [College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 (China)

    2017-08-05

    Highlights: • Photocatalytic degradation of thidiazuron was performed in a neutral water matrix. • This was carried out in the presence of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon composites and LED light. • The pH effect and the dominant active species were explored. • Degradation products and pathways in water were studied for the first time. - Abstract: Thidiazuron (TDZ; 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea) is one of the most widely used defoliant and easy to dissolve in surface water. Risk associated with the pesticide is not clearly defined, so it is important to remove/degrade TDZ with an efficient and environment friendly technology. Here, we investigated the use of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon (Ag/AgCl–AC) composites in photocatalytic degradation of TDZ under LED light. By the synergic effect of Ag/AgCl and AC, the optimum Ag/carbon weight ratio of 2:1 exhibited superior visible-light photocatalytic activity, the highest removal efficiency was close to 91% in pH 7 matrix. Different types of Ag/AgCl–AC composites were tested, all showed much faster photodegradation kinetics than bare Ag/AgCl in 210 min. The degradation products as identified by HPLC–MS revealed that the hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals and that of oxidation by superoxide radicals as well as holes were the two main pathways for TDZ degradation. Results revealed that the adsorption concentrated TDZ molecules and the photocatalytically generated radicals rapidly degradated TDZ, the two contributions functioned together for removal of the pollutant from water.

  4. Highly efficient degradation of thidiazuron with Ag/AgCl- activated carbon composites under LED light irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Yisi; Zhang, Yan; Dong, Mingguang; Yan, Ting; Zhang, Maosheng; Zeng, Qingru

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Photocatalytic degradation of thidiazuron was performed in a neutral water matrix. • This was carried out in the presence of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon composites and LED light. • The pH effect and the dominant active species were explored. • Degradation products and pathways in water were studied for the first time. - Abstract: Thidiazuron (TDZ; 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea) is one of the most widely used defoliant and easy to dissolve in surface water. Risk associated with the pesticide is not clearly defined, so it is important to remove/degrade TDZ with an efficient and environment friendly technology. Here, we investigated the use of Ag/AgCl-activated carbon (Ag/AgCl–AC) composites in photocatalytic degradation of TDZ under LED light. By the synergic effect of Ag/AgCl and AC, the optimum Ag/carbon weight ratio of 2:1 exhibited superior visible-light photocatalytic activity, the highest removal efficiency was close to 91% in pH 7 matrix. Different types of Ag/AgCl–AC composites were tested, all showed much faster photodegradation kinetics than bare Ag/AgCl in 210 min. The degradation products as identified by HPLC–MS revealed that the hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals and that of oxidation by superoxide radicals as well as holes were the two main pathways for TDZ degradation. Results revealed that the adsorption concentrated TDZ molecules and the photocatalytically generated radicals rapidly degradated TDZ, the two contributions functioned together for removal of the pollutant from water.

  5. A teoria da agência no setor da saúde: o caso do relacionamento da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar com as operadoras de planos de assistência supletiva no Brasil Agency theory in the healthcare sector: the relationship between the National Supplementary Healthcare Agency and the supplementary health-care operators in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Ricardo Loureiro Sato

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available O relacionamento entre os atores do sistema supletivo de assistência à saúde no Brasil é caracterizado por uma complexa trama de conflitos de interesse e de poder, que podem ser analisados à luz da teoria da agência. Ela emprega elementos da ciência econômica, principalmente das teorias do consumidor e do funcionamento de mercado, conjuntamente com idéias derivadas dos estudos organizacionais e comportamentais, faz uma divisão entre os agentes econômicos em principais e agentes. Analisando o mercado de assistência supletiva, pode-se constatar que ele possui inúmeros atores, que exercem ao mesmo tempo papéis de agentes e principais. É justamente dessa dualidade de papéis que surgem grande parte dos conflitos, e, através de diversos mecanismos de regulação, tenta-se reduzir os custos de agência derivados dos conflitos de interesse que são a causa principal dos problemas de agência dentro desse setor.The relationship between the actors of the supplementary healthcare system in Brazil is characterized by complex conflicts of interests and power struggles, which can be analyzed by the agency theory. This theory - combining elements of economic sciences, mainly consumer and market theories, with ideas derived from organizational and behavioral studies - divides the economic agents in principals and agents. The analysis of the supplementary healthcare market reveals its many actors play simultaneously the roles of agent and principal. This duality of roles is the root of most conflicts, originating several regulation mechanisms which try to reduce agency costs derived from conflicts of interests that are the main cause of this sector's agency issues.

  6. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Hematotoxicity of the Recombinant Spore-Crystal Complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis in Swiss Mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ingrid de Souza Freire

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available The insecticidal properties of Cry-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt have long been used as spore-crystals in commercial spray formulations for insect control. Recently, some Bt-endotoxin genes have been cloned in many different plants. Toxicological evaluations of three spore-crystal endotoxins, BtCry1Ia, BtCry10Aa and BtCry1Ba6 from B. thuringiensis, were carried out on mice to understand their adverse effects on hematological systems and on genetic material. These three spore-crystals have shown toxic activity to the boll weevil, which is one of the most aggressive pests of the cotton crop. Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 did not increase the micronucleus frequency in the peripheral erythrocytes of mice and did not cause changes in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes. However, some hematologic disburbances were observed, specifically related to Cry1Ia and Cry1Ba6, respectively, for the erythroid and lymphoid lineage. Thus, although the profile of such adverse side effects can be related to their high level of exposure, which is not commonly found in the environment, results showed that these Bt spore-crystals were not harmless to mice, indicating that each spore-crystal endotoxin presents a characteristic profile of toxicity and might be investigated individually.

  7. Eficácia e toxicidade da hidroxiuréia em crianças com anemia falciforme Effectiveness and toxicity of hydroxyurea in children with sickle cell anemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelle C. Silva

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available A anemia falciforme é uma doença genética caracterizada pelo alto índice de morbimortalidade, considerada como a mais grave entre as doenças falciformes. As opções terapêuticas mais eficazes atualmente disponíveis para tratamento desta hemoglobinopatia são transplante de medula óssea (TMO e hidroxiuréia (HU. O TMO apesar de ser a medida curativa é considerado de alto risco por apresentar diversos graus de complicações e significativo nível de mortalidade. O uso de HU em crianças portadoras de anemia falciforme tem proporcionado redução de complicações clínicas e aumento significativo na expectativa de vida, por promover elevação dos níveis de hemoglobina fetal, da concentração de hemoglobina e do VCM, bem como redução da hemólise e de eventos vaso-oclusivos. Desse modo, a HU é considerada como melhor opção terapêutica atualmente disponível. Porém, por ser apontada como droga potencialmente carcinogênica, há questionamentos quanto aos benefícios e toxicidades quando utilizada por longo período. Este trabalho teve como proposta, avaliar por meio da revisão literária, os riscos, benefícios e efeitos adversos da hidroxiuréia em crianças.Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease characterized by a high morbimortality rate, it is considered as the most serious among all sickle cell diseases. The most effective therapeutic options available nowadays for the treatment of this hemoglobinopathy are bone morrow transplantation (BMT and hydroxyurea (HU. BMT is considered a high risk procedure due to the different complications and significant mortality rates. The use of HU for children with sickle cell anemia has reduced the clinical complications and given a significant increase in life expectancy by augmenting the fetal hemoglobin levels and hemoglobin concentrations and reducing cytomegalovirus, as well as reducing hemolysis and vaso-occlusive events. Thus, HU is considered the best therapeutic option currently

  8. Confiabilidade da declaração de causa básica de mortes infantis em região metropolitana do sudeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mendonça Elisabeth F.

    1994-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de dados coletados para um estudo sobre a mortalidade infantil na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória de óbitos infantis ocorridos em 1989, para avaliar a concordância da causa básica de morte registrada na declaração de óbito e a obtida após revisão detalhada do prontuário hospitalar da criança. Verificou-se que 11,7% dos óbitos neonatais não tiveram a causa básica registrada no atestado, confirmada pela investigação nos prontuários médicos (kappa = 0,61, o mesmo ocorrendo em 44,0% dos pós-neonatais (kappa = 0,47. Esta maior discordância no grupo pós-neonatal provavelmente se deveu a maior dificuldade de definição das causas contribuintes e da causa básica dos óbitos por diarréias, pneumonias e desnutrição, principais causas de mortalidade nesse grupo. Em relação aos óbitos por desnutrição e diarréia, observou-se associação entre ambas em 76,9% das vezes em que a diarréia foi selecionada como causa básica, mostrando que essas patologias podem ser destacadas como um mesmo grupamento em saúde pública. As discordâcias encontradas demonstram que os médicos ainda dão pouca importância ao seu papel como agentes geradores de informação de saúde. Os dados da declaração de óbito fornecem indicação razoável das principais causas de mortes infantis, principalmente quando se considera o grupamento diarréia-pneumonia-desnutrição, composto de patologias evitáveis e ainda de grande relevância como causa de mortalidade infantil na região.

  9. Comparação entre diferentes métodos de inseminação artificial em suínos Comparison between different methods of artificial insemination in swine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Auri dos Santos Flores

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três métodos de inseminação artificial(IA no suíno em relação ao tempo de infusão e perdas por refluxo da DI durante a IA e aos 120 minutos após a IA, bem como dados de operacionalidade medido pelo grau de dificuldade verificado para execução da IA e dados de desempenho reprodutivo. Foram utilizadas 604 matrizes até a parição 7 e IDE 0,05. As taxas de retorno ao estro foram 10,3, 7,4 e 8,5 %, a taxa de parto ajustada foi de 90,8, 94,0 e 91,7% com 10,9, 11,1 e 11,1 leitões nascidos totais em T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente. O método auto IA e o método intermediário proporcionam IAs mais rápidas e podem substituir o método tradicional sem prejuízos ao desempenho reprodutivo.This study was performed to compare the Hands-free insemination method, i.e., the high degree automation procedure, with an intermediate method, which allows less participation of the inseminator during the application of the inseminating dose (ID, and the conventional method, which is widely used in Brazil. The comparison was based on infusion time and losses due to semen backflow during AI and 120 minutes after AI, degree of difficulty experienced during AI procedure, and reproductive performance data. A number of 604 sows on the parity up to 7 and a weaning to estrus interval 0.05 in return to estrus rate, adjusted farrowing rate and number of born piglets. The return to estrus rates were 10.3, 7.4 and 8.5%, adjusted farrowing rates were 90.8, 94.0 and 91.7%, with 10.9, 11.1 e 11.1 total born piglets in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The Hands free method and the intermediate method allowed faster AI and can replace the traditional method without influence on the reproductive performance.

  10. Core/shell AgNi/PtAgNi nanoparticles as methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction electrocatalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, Dengfeng; Cheng, Daojian

    2015-01-01

    A core/shell AgNi/PtAgNi nanoparticle (NP) was synthesized via a new seed-mediated growth method in organic solvent medium. The as-synthesized AgNi/PtAgNiNP exhibits an AgNi core coated with PtAgNi shell, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst possesses higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and better durability compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. It is found that the ORR polarization curve of the AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst shows an onset potential of 0.91 V vs. RHE, which is superior to the commercial Pt/C (0.88 V vs. RHE). In addition, the AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst shows much better durability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. More interestingly, the AgNi/PtAgNiNPs/C catalyst displays much higher methanol tolerance than the commercial Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 M KOH solution in the presence of 0.5 M methanol. Our results show that core/shell AgNi/PtAgNiNPs possess selective activity for ORR even in the presence of methanol, showing potential application as methanol-tolerant cathode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells.

  11. EM International. Volume 1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1993-07-01

    It is the intent of EM International to describe the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) various roles and responsibilities within the international community. Cooperative agreements and programs, descriptions of projects and technologies, and synopses of visits to international sites are all highlighted in this semiannual journal. Focus on EM programs in this issue is on international collaboration in vitrification projects. Technology highlights covers: in situ sealing for contaminated sites; and remote sensors for toxic pollutants. Section on profiles of countries includes: Arctic contamination by the former Soviet Union, and EM activities with Germany--cooperative arrangements.

  12. Photocatalytic oxidation removal of Hg{sup 0} using ternary Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrids in wet scrubbing process under fluorescent light

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Anchao, E-mail: aczhang@qq.com [School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000 (China); Zhang, Lixiang; Chen, Xiaozhuan; Zhu, Qifeng; Liu, Zhichao [School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000 (China); Xiang, Jun, E-mail: xiangjun@mail.hust.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 (China)

    2017-01-15

    Highlights: • Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrids were employed for Hg{sup 0} removal under fluorescent light. • Superoxide radical (·O{sub 2}{sup −}) played a key role in Hg{sup 0} removal. • NO exhibited a significant effect on Hg{sup 0} removal in comparison to SO{sub 2}. • The mechanism for enhanced Hg{sup 0} removal over Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} was proposed. - Abstract: A series of ternary Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} photocatalysts synthesized using a facile coprecipitation method were employed to investigate their performances of Hg{sup 0} removal in a wet scrubbing reactor. The hybrids were characterized by N{sub 2} adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, XPS, DRS and ESR. The photocatalytic activities of Hg{sup 0} removal were evaluated under fluorescent light. The results showed that AgI content, fluorescent light irradiation, reaction temperature all showed significant influences on Hg{sup 0} removal. NO exhibited significant effect on Hg{sup 0} removal in comparison to SO{sub 2}. Among these ternary Ag/AgI-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrids, Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} showed the highest Hg{sup 0} removal efficiency, which could be ascribed to the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs between AgI and Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in the visible region by metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag{sup 0} NPs). The trapping studies of reactive radicals showed that the superoxide radicals (·O{sub 2}{sup −}) may play a key role in Hg{sup 0} removal under fluorescent light. According to the experimental and characterization results, a possible photocatalytic oxidation mechanism for enhanced Hg{sup 0} removal over Ag/AgI(0.1)-Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} hybrid under fluorescent light was proposed.

  13. The Ia.2 Epitope Defines a Subset of Lipid Raft Resident MHC Class II Molecules Crucial to Effective Antigen Presentation1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Busman-Sahay, Kathleen; Sargent, Elizabeth; Harton, Jonathan A.; Drake, James R.

    2016-01-01

    Previous work has established that binding of the 11-5.2 anti-I-Ak mAb, which recognizes the Ia.2 epitope on I-Ak class II molecules, elicits MHC class II signaling, whereas binding of two other anti-I-Ak mAb that recognize the Ia.17 epitope fail to elicit signaling. Using a biochemical approach, we establish that the Ia.2 epitope recognized by the widely used 11-5.2 mAb defines a subset of cell surface I-Ak molecules predominantly found within membrane lipid rafts. Functional studies demonstrate that the Ia.2 bearing subset of I-Ak class II molecules is critically necessary for effective B cell–T cell interactions especially at low antigen doses, a finding consistent with published studies on the role of raft-resident class II molecules in CD4 T cell activation. Interestingly, B cells expressing recombinant I-Ak class II molecules possessing a β chain-tethered HEL peptide lack the Ia.2 epitope and fail to partition into lipid rafts. Moreover, cells expressing Ia.2 negative tethered peptide-class II molecules are severely impaired in their ability to present both tethered peptide or peptide derived from exogenous antigen to CD4 T cells. These results establish the Ia.2 epitope as defining a lipid raft-resident MHC class II confomer vital to the initiation of MHC class II restricted B cell–T cell interactions. PMID:21543648

  14. Injection of 1 GeV H- beam into the JHF I-A ring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamane, Isao; Kitagawa, Kiyoshi; Someya, Hirohiko; Yano, Yoshiharu.

    1988-11-01

    Application of the H 0 injection method to the injection system of the JHF I-A ring was studied. It turned out that the H 0 injection method is adequate when some conditions are fulfilled. The ways to fulfill those conditions are described. (author)

  15. Selective hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane to ethylene over Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 catalysts prepared by surface reduction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Yuxiang; Gu, Guangfeng; Sun, Jingya; Wang, Wenjuan; Wan, Haiqin; Xu, Zhaoyi; Zheng, Shourong

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Surface reduction method was used for preparation of Pd-Ag(Cu) bimetallic catalysts. • Hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane was investigated for production of ethylene. • Ag(Cu) selectively deposited on Pd surface during surface reduction process. • Ethylene selectivity was enhanced over Pd-Ag(Cu)/Al_2O_3 catalyst prepared by surface reduction. • Isolated Pd site is the key species for ethylene selectivity. - Abstract: Alumina supported Pd-Ag and (Cu) bimetallic catalysts (denoted as sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 or sr-Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3) with varied Pd/Ag (or Cu) ratios were prepared using the surface reduction method, and the gas-phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane over the catalysts were investigated. For comparison, Pd-Ag bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the conventional co-impregnation method (denoted as im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3). The catalysts were characterized by N_2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and CO chemisorption. Characterization results indicated that surface reduction led to selective deposition of metallic Ag on the surface of Pd particles, while Pd and Ag just disorderly mixed in the catalyst prepared by impregnation method. Therefore, sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 exhibited a higher ethylene selectivity than im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 for hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane at a similar Ag loading amount. Moreover, among sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3, sr-Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3 and im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 catalysts, the ethylene selectivity decreased over these catalysts following the order: sr-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3 > sr-Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3 > im-Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3. The present results indicate that surface reduction can be used as a potential method to synthesize catalyst with enhanced ethylene selectivity in hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane.

  16. Short Communication: Reassessing the Origin of the HIV-1 CRF02_AG Lineages Circulating in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delatorre, Edson; Velasco-De-Castro, Carlos A; Pilotto, José H; Couto-Fernandez, José Carlos; Bello, Gonzalo; Morgado, Mariza G

    2015-12-01

    HIV-1 CRF02_AG is responsible for at least 8% of the HIV-1 infections worldwide and is distributed mainly in West Africa. CRF02_AG has recently been reported in countries where it is not native, including Brazil. In a previous study including 10 CRF02_AG Brazilian samples, we found at least four independent introductions and two autochthonous transmission networks of this clade in Brazil. As more CRF02_AG samples have been identified in Brazil, we performed a new phylogeographic analysis using a larger dataset than before. A total of 20 Brazilian (18 from Rio de Janeiro and two from São Paulo) and 1,485 African HIV-1 CRF02_AG pol sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML). The ML tree showed that the Brazilian sequences were distributed in five different lineages. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of the Brazilian and their most closely related African sequences (n = 212) placed the origin of all Brazilian lineages in West Africa, probably Ghana, Senegal, and Nigeria. Two monophyletic clades were identified, comprising only sequences from Rio de Janeiro, and their date of origin was estimated at around 1985 (95% highest posterior density: 1979-1992). These results support the existence of at least five independent introductions of the CRF02_AG lineage from West Africa into Brazil and further indicate that at least two of these lineages have been locally disseminated in the Rio de Janeiro state over the past 30 years.

  17. THE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE IN THE ULTRAVIOLET

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brown, Peter J.; Roming, Peter W. A.; Ciardullo, Robin; Gronwall, Caryl; Hoversten, Erik A.; Pritchard, Tyler; Milne, Peter; Bufano, Filomena; Mazzali, Paolo; Elias-Rosa, Nancy; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Li Weidong; Foley, Ryan J.; Hicken, Malcolm; Kirshner, Robert P.; Gehrels, Neil; Holland, Stephen T.; Immler, Stefan; Phillips, Mark M.; Still, Martin

    2010-01-01

    We examine the absolute magnitudes and light-curve shapes of 14 nearby (redshift z = 0.004-0.027) Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in the ultraviolet (UV) with the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope. Colors and absolute magnitudes are calculated using both a standard Milky Way extinction law and one for the Large Magellanic Cloud that has been modified by circumstellar scattering. We find very different behavior in the near-UV filters (uvw1 rc covering ∼2600-3300 A after removing optical light, and u ∼ 3000-4000 A) compared to a mid-UV filter (uvm2 ∼2000-2400 A). The uvw1 rc - b colors show a scatter of ∼0.3 mag while uvm2-b scatters by nearly 0.9 mag. Similarly, while the scatter in colors between neighboring filters is small in the optical and somewhat larger in the near-UV, the large scatter in the uvm2 - uvw1 colors implies significantly larger spectral variability below 2600 A. We find that in the near-UV the absolute magnitudes at peak brightness of normal SNe Ia in our sample are correlated with the optical decay rate with a scatter of 0.4 mag, comparable to that found for the optical in our sample. However, in the mid-UV the scatter is larger, ∼1 mag, possibly indicating differences in metallicity. We find no strong correlation between either the UV light-curve shapes or the UV colors and the UV absolute magnitudes. With larger samples, the UV luminosity might be useful as an additional constraint to help determine distance, extinction, and metallicity in order to improve the utility of SNe Ia as standardized candles.

  18. Glass formation in AgI:Ag2O:V2O5 and AgI:Ag2O:(V2O5+B2O3) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaushik, R.; Hariharan, K.

    1988-01-01

    Transport properties of glasses in the system AgI:Ag 2 O: V 2 O 5 and AgI:Ag 2 O: (V 2 O 5 +B 2 O 3 ) have ben investigated. It was found that, at high AgI concentrations, the addition of another glass former (B 2 O 3 ) did not improve the conduction characteristics of the pure vanadate glasses, the best conducting composition of which had ambient temperature, ionic conductivity comparable to that of conventional liquid electrolytes. The highest conducting composition was used as an electrolyte in the study of silver solid state cells. The discharge characteristics of different cells fabricated with the glassy electrolyte, have been compared with those having the best conducting polycrystalline ompositions as electrolytes. 11 refs.; 4 figs.; 1 table

  19. Lateral manipulation of small clusters on the Cu and Ag(1 1 1) surfaces with the single-atom and trimer-apex tips: Reliability study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Yiqun; Liu Fen; Huang Lei

    2010-01-01

    We study the reliability of the lateral manipulation of small Cu clusters (dimer and trimer) on the flat Cu(1 1 1) surface with both the single-atom and trimer-apex tips and that for the Ag/Ag(1 1 1) system, and compare the results between the two systems as well as with the single-atom manipulation on these surfaces. Manipulations are simulated using molecular statics method with semi-empirical potentials. The dependence of the manipulation reliability on the tip height and tip orientation are investigated. Overall, the manipulation reliability increases with decreasing tip height although it depends obviously on the tip orientation. For the Cu/Cu(1 1 1) system, the manipulation of the dimmer and trimer can be successful with both tips. The manipulation reliability can be improved by the trimer-apex tip, and the tip-height range for the successful manipulation is also broader, as compared to the single-atom apex tip. Differently from the single-atom manipulation, the tip orientation has a noticeable influence on the manipulation reliability even for the single-atom tip due to the stronger tip-cluster and surface-adatom interactions in cluster manipulation. For the Ag/Ag(1 1 1) system, successful manipulations only be achieved with the trimer-apex tip, and the manipulation reliability is worse than that of the Cu/Cu(1 1 1) system, indicating the difference in mechanic properties between the two surfaces at the atomic level.

  20. Effect of nutrition, vitamin, grains, and temperature on the mycelium growth and antioxidant capacity of Cordyceps militaris (strains AG-1 and PSJ-1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hung-Ngoc Dang

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Effects of subculture conditions on the mycelium growth and antioxidant capacity assessment of Cordyceps militaris trains AG-1 and PSJ-1 were carried out in laboratory during the autumn-winter season of 2015. Different temperature regimes and nutrition, vitamins levels, grain in substrate were evaluated for optimization on mycelium growth. The results showed that two strains AG-1 and PSJ-1 can grow the maximum mycelium radial at the temperature of 24 °C. The mycelium growth was improved by carbon sources such as glucose, dextrose, fructose, and maltose at 30 g/L concentration. Whereas glucose achieved the highest value of mycelium colony diameter in strains AG-1 and PSJ-1. Vitamins B1 concentrations at 0.03 g/L also gave the great values in mycelium colony diameter of both strains AG-1 and PSJ-1. The studies depicted that a substrate mixed with various grains sources (brown rice, white rice, and wheat, black glutinous rice Vietnam, and corn cultured at 24 °C, for 12 days supported maximum mycelia growth of the two strains AG-1 and PSJ-1 of C. militaris. The effect of liquid culture medium (MYPS and PD with mycelium on the anti-oxidation capacity was assessed. The results showed that the increasing of DPPH radical scavenging capacity with the extract concentration exist a proportional relation and Fe2+-chelating capacity as well. The cultured Cordyceps mycelium of two strains AG-1 and PSJ-1had the equally strong antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Cordyceps militaris, Mycelium growth, Nutritional condition, Temperature, Vitamins, Anti-oxidation activity

  1. Swift UVOT Grism Observations of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae - I. Observations and Data Reduction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Y.-C.; Foley, R. J.; Filippenko, A. V.; Kuin, N. P. M.

    2018-05-01

    Ultraviolet (UV) observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are useful tools for understanding progenitor systems and explosion physics. In particular, UV spectra of SNe Ia, which probe the outermost layers, are strongly affected by the progenitor metallicity. In this work, we present 120 Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory UV spectra of 39 nearby SNe Ia. This sample is the largest UV (λ Ia to date, doubling the number of UV spectra and tripling the number of SNe with UV spectra. The sample spans nearly the full range of SN Ia light-curve shapes (Δm15(B) ≈ 0.6-1.8 mag). The fast turnaround of Swift allows us to obtain UV spectra at very early times, with 13 out of 39 SNe having their first spectra observed ≳ 1 week before peak brightness and the earliest epoch being 16.5 days before peak brightness. The slitless design of the Swift UV grism complicates the data reduction, which requires separating SN light from underlying host-galaxy light and occasional overlapping stellar light. We present a new data-reduction procedure to mitigate these issues, producing spectra that are significantly improved over those of standard methods. For a subset of the spectra we have nearly simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope UV spectra; the Swift spectra are consistent with these comparison data.

  2. A associação dietética de mananoligossacarídeos e frutoligossacarídeos modifica o metabolismo nitrogenado em cães

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla dos Santos Felssner

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de uma mistura de mannan-oligossacarídeos (MOS e frutoligossacarídeos (FOS, na proporção de 1:1 adicionados a uma dieta para cães, antes ou após o processo de extrusão, sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das dietas, energia metabolizável, metabolismo do nitrogênio (curva de uréia sérica pós-prandial, balanço orgânico de nitrogênio, concentração fecal de amônia e excreção de uréia urinária e parâmetros fermentativos fecais (pH fecal e concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. Foram utilizados 18 cães adultos da raça Beagle, distribuídos ao acaso em três tratamentos, sendo uma ração controle mais duas dietas em que a mistura dos prebióticos foram adicionados antes ou após o processo de extrusão das rações. Não houve diferença na digestibilidade, energia metabolizável, teor de amônia fecal e de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (acético, propiônico e butírico entre as dietas controle e com adição dos prebióticos. Entretanto, os cães suplementados com prebiótico, antes ou após a extrusão, apresentaram menor pH fecal (p < 0,05 em relação à dieta controle e foi observado ainda redução na concentração pós-prandial de uréia sérica (p < 0,01 nos animais que receberam prebióticos, observados pelas áreas abaixo da curva de uréia e do seu incremento. O processo de extrusão não afetou os efeitos biológicos destes prebióticos sobre os parâmetros avaliados nos cães. Possíveis mecanismos implicados no efeito dos prebióticos sobre a redução nas concentrações de uréia sérica são a diminuição na formação e absorção intestinal de amônia, favorecidas pela redução no pH intestinal. Estes achados podem ser considerados no uso de prebióticos em nutrição clínica.

  3. DustEM: Dust extinction and emission modelling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Compiègne, M.; Verstraete, L.; Jones, A.; Bernard, J.-P.; Boulanger, F.; Flagey, N.; Le Bourlot, J.; Paradis, D.; Ysard, N.

    2013-07-01

    DustEM computes the extinction and the emission of interstellar dust grains heated by photons. It is written in Fortran 95 and is jointly developed by IAS and CESR. The dust emission is calculated in the optically thin limit (no radiative transfer) and the default spectral range is 40 to 108 nm. The code is designed so dust properties can easily be changed and mixed and to allow for the inclusion of new grain physics.

  4. Zwischenberichterstattung nach Börsenrecht, DRS, IAS und US-GAAP

    OpenAIRE

    Alvarez von Zerboni di Sposetti, Manuel

    2003-01-01

    Zwischenberichterstattung nach Börsenrecht, DRS, IAS und US-GAAP / von Manuel Alvarez und Stefan Wotschofsky. - 2., neubearb. und erw. Aufl. - Berlin : Erich Schmidt, 2003. - XX, 219 S. [1. Aufl. 2000

  5. Ag1 Pd1 Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Aryl C-H Olefination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Qiyan; Liu, Xiaowang; Wang, Guoliang; Wang, Feifan; Li, Qian; Zhang, Wu

    2017-12-14

    The efficient and selective palladium-catalyzed activation of C-H bonds is of great importance for the construction of diverse bioactive molecules. Despite significant progress, the inability to recycle palladium catalysts and the need for additives impedes the practical applications of these reactions. Ag 1 Pd 1 nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (Ag 1 Pd 1 -rGO) was used as highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the chelation-assisted ortho C-H bond olefination of amides with acrylates in good yields with a broad substrate scope. The catalyst can be recovered and reused at least 5 times without losing activity. A synergistic effect between the Ag and Pd atoms on the catalytic activity was found, and a plausible mechanism for the AgPd-rGO catalyzed C-H olefination is proposed. These findings suggest that the search for such Pd-based bimetallic alloy nanoparticles is a new method towards the development of superior recyclable catalysts for direct aryl C-H functionalization under mild conditions. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. Study of Ag+/PAA (polyacrylic acid) and Ag0/PAA aqueous system at equilibrium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Keghouche, N.; Mostafavi, M.; Delcourt, M.O.

    1991-01-01

    When submitted to gamma radiation the system Ag + -PAA-water leads to clusters Ag 0 n /PAA (3 420 nm) interacting with the clusters. Potentiometric measurements carried out on Ag + solutions in the presence of PAA at various pH show that the deprotonated form (polyacrylate anion) is strongly bonded to Ag + , on the opposite of the protonated form of PAA. One of the oligomer clusters can be stabilized for more than one year. Studying it by infra-red spectrometry reveals important modifications in the vibration bands of the COO - group circa 1400 and 1600 cm -1 according to the bonding of PAA with Ag + or Ag 0 [fr

  7. 77 FR 4459 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Greenfield, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-30

    ...-0846; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-18] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Greenfield, IA AGENCY: Federal... Greenfield, IA. Decommissioning of the Greenfield non-directional beacon (NDB) at Greenfield Municipal... rulemaking to amend Class E airspace for Greenfield, IA, reconfiguring controlled airspace at Greenfield...

  8. 75 FR 23581 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Emmetsburg, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-04

    ...-1153; Airspace Docket No. 09-ACE-13] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Emmetsburg, IA AGENCY: Federal... Emmetsburg, IA, adding additional controlled airspace to accommodate Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at Emmetsburg Municipal Airport, Emmetsburg, IA. The FAA is taking...

  9. Investigação epidemiológica de Estomatite vesicular por achados clínicos em bovinos e equinos no Estado do Maranhão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto C.N. de Arruda

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumo:A Estomatite Vesicular (EV é uma doença infecciosa que acomete equinos, bovinos, suínos, mamíferos silvestres e humanos. Por apresentar sinais clínicos semelhantes a outras doenças vesiculares, principalmente, febre aftosa, sua presença em determinadas regiões pode interferir no intercâmbio comercial internacional dos animais, seus produtos e subprodutos. Apesar de sua importância, a epidemiologia e a manutenção do vírus no ambiente não estão totalmente esclarecidas dificultando a aplicação de medidas de controle efetivas. A doença já foi diagnosticada em todas as regiões brasileiras. Bovinos com sialorréia, perda do epitélio lingual, lesões abertas com bordas amareladas nas gengivas, lábios, língua e mucosa oral e equinos com sialorréia e lesões abertas na mucosa oral e lábios foram observados e notificados ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Estado do Maranhão, Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Maranhão (AGRD/MA. Amostras de soro de equinos e bovinos com sintomas de EV foram coletadas para investigação por ELISA e por neutralização viral, além do diagnóstico diferencial para Febre Aftosa (FA. Fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos com lesões na língua foram coletados para identificação molecular do agente. Todos os animais foram negativos para FA. Todos os bovinos e equinos foram reativos para EV nos testes sorológicos. A partir dos fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos enviados ao Instituto Biológico de São Paulo para PCR, foi possível caracterizar o agente como VesiculovirusIndiana III (Alagoas/VSAV.

  10. Optical properties of silicene, Si/Ag(111), and Si/Ag(110)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hogan, C.; Pulci, O.; Gori, P.; Bechstedt, F.; Martin, D. S.; Barritt, E. E.; Curcella, A.; Prevot, G.; Borensztein, Y.

    2018-05-01

    We present a state-of-the-art study of the optical properties of free-standing silicene and of single-layer Si one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) nanostructures supported on Ag(110) and Ag(111) substrates. Ab initio simulations of reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) and surface differential reflectivity spectroscopy (SDRS) applied to the clean Ag surface and Si/Ag interfaces are compared with new measurements. For Si/Ag(110), we confirm a pentagonal nanoribbon geometry, strongly bonded to the substrate, and rule out competing zigzag chain and silicenelike models. For Si/Ag(111), we reproduce the main experimental features and isolate the optical signal of the epitaxial silicene overlayer. The absorption spectrum of a silicene sheet computed including excitonic and local field effects is found to be quite similar to that calculated within an independent particle approximation and shows strong modifications when adsorbed on a Ag substrate. Important details of the computational approach are examined and the origins of the RAS and SDRS signals are explained in terms of the interface and substrate response functions. Our study does not find any evidence for Si adlayers that retain the properties of freestanding silicene.

  11. Application of ASME code AG-1 to YGN 3 ampersand 4 plants, South Korea

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Y.K.; Porco, R.D.; York, Y.D.

    1993-01-01

    Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant Units 3 ampersand 4 are located on the southwestern coast of South Korea on the Yellow Sea. The plant is owned by Korea Electric Power Corp. (KEPCO), with the engineering being performed by Korea Power Engineering Co., Inc. (KOPEC) and Sargent and Lundy under a technology transfer agreement. The plants are both 950 Megawatt (electric) pressurized water reactors of US design. Under contract to KEPCO, Korea Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd. and Ellis and Watts, Division of Dynamics Corporation of America, Batavia, Ohio, supplied major components to the YGN plants in compliance to ASME AG-1. These components included safety related Air Cleaning Units, Reactor containment Fan Cooler Units, Air Handling Units, Cubicle Coolers, Duct Electric Heaters, and fans. This paper details the extent of applicability of ASME Code AG-1 to the specific equipment, description of the equipment, conformance, testing, and design required. The paper also discusses the problems encountered in implementing ASME AG-1, working around Code sections that were not complete at contract inception, conflicts in project documents and related problems. Also discussed are the logistics problems, material availability, and quality assurance aspects complicating the applications of ASME AG-1, due to the required Korean content for some components. Based on successfully supplying the equipment referenced above, it has been concluded that AG-1 is a working document and can be successfully implemented. It provides the requirements necessary for performance, design, construction, acceptance testing, and quality assurance of equipment used as components in nuclear air and gas treatment systems in nuclear facilities. The paper also addresses lessons learned and aspects of mixing US design and US built components in Korean built assemblies

  12. Type-Ia Supernova Rates to Redshift 2.4 from Clash: The Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble

    Science.gov (United States)

    Graur, O.; Rodney, S. A.; Maoz, D.; Riess, A. G.; Jha, S. W.; Postman, M.; Dahlen, T.; Holoien, T. W.-S.; McCully, C.; Patel, B.; hide

    2014-01-01

    We present the supernova (SN) sample and Type-Ia SN (SN Ia) rates from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have imaged 25 galaxy-cluster fields and parallel fields of non-cluster galaxies. We report a sample of 27 SNe discovered in the parallel fields. Of these SNe, approximately 13 are classified as SN Ia candidates, including four SN Ia candidates at redshifts z greater than 1.2.We measure volumetric SN Ia rates to redshift 1.8 and add the first upper limit on the SN Ia rate in the range z greater than 1.8 and less than 2.4. The results are consistent with the rates measured by the HST/ GOODS and Subaru Deep Field SN surveys.We model these results together with previous measurements at z less than 1 from the literature. The best-fitting SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD; the distribution of times that elapse between a short burst of star formation and subsequent SN Ia explosions) is a power law with an index of 1.00 (+0.06(0.09))/(-0.06(0.10)) (statistical) (+0.12/-0.08) (systematic), where the statistical uncertainty is a result of the 68% and 95% (in parentheses) statistical uncertainties reported for the various SN Ia rates (from this work and from the literature), and the systematic uncertainty reflects the range of possible cosmic star-formation histories. We also test DTD models produced by an assortment of published binary population synthesis (BPS) simulations. The shapes of all BPS double-degenerate DTDs are consistent with the volumetric SN Ia measurements, when the DTD models are scaled up by factors of 3-9. In contrast, all BPS single-degenerate DTDs are ruled out by the measurements at greater than 99% significance level.

  13. Ciclos : estudo de casos de ecodesign de jóias

    OpenAIRE

    Luiz Marcelo Straliotto

    2009-01-01

    Esta dissertação demonstra a possibilidade de aplicação dos princípios ecológicos no design de jóias com o objetivo de contribuir para a sistematização do conhecimento sobre o ecodesign de jóias. Num primeiro momento, a fundamentação teórica foi realizada por meio de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, apoiada pela revisão e discussão da literatura técnica e científica sobre jóia, design de jóias e ecodesign de produtos. Essa etapa forneceu os subsídios para o desenvolvimento das jóias ecológ...

  14. Theoretical considerations about implementation of IAS 41 in Romania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana FELEAGĂ

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Although agriculture is an important part of the world economy, accounting in agriculture still has many shortcomings. The adoption of IAS 41 „Agricuture” has tried to improve this situation and increase the comparability of financial statements of entities in the agricultural sector. Although controversial, IAS 41 is the first step of a consistent transition to fair value assessment in the agricultural sector. The objective of our work is the analysis of IAS 41 and current accounting agricultural situation in Romania. Accounting regulations in Romania are in accordance with European directives and, in many respects, converged with IFRS referential. Provisions of IAS 41, however, are not reflected directly in Romanian regulations. With the increase of forest land transactions and foreign investments in animal farms, it is expected that recognition and measurement of biological assets under IAS 41 to become a necessity.

  15. Radiation hardness of LuAG:Ce and LuAG:Pr scintillator crystals

    CERN Document Server

    Derdzyan, M V; Belsky, A; Dujardin, C; Lecoq, P; Lucchini, M; Ovanesyan, K L; Pauwels, K; Pedrini, C; Petrosyan, A G

    2012-01-01

    Single crystals of LuAG:Ce, LuAG:Pr and un-doped LuAG were grown by the vertical Bridgman method and studied for radiation hardness under gamma-rays with doses in the range 10-10(5) Gy (Co-60). A wide absorption band peaking at around 600 nm springs up in all three types of crystals after the irradiations. The second band peaking at around 375 nm appears in both LuAG:Pr and un-doped LuAG. Compositional variations have been done to reveal the spectral behavior of induced color centers in more detail and to understand their origin. Similarities in behavior of Yb2+ centers in as-grown garnets are found, indicating that radiation induced color centers can be associated with residual trace amounts of Yb present in the raw materials. Un-doped LuAG and LuAG:Ce demonstrate moderate radiation hardness (the induced absorption coefficients being equal to 0.05-0.08 cm(-1) for accumulated doses of 10(3)-10(4) Gy), while LuAG:Pr is less radiation hard. The ways to improve the radiation hardness are discussed.

  16. 75 FR 23580 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mapleton, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-04

    ...-1155; Airspace Docket No. 09-ACE-14] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mapleton, IA AGENCY: Federal... Mapleton, IA, adding additional controlled airspace to accommodate Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) at James G. Whiting Memorial Field Airport, Mapleton, IA. The FAA is...

  17. 76 FR 75449 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stuart, IA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-02

    ...-0831; Airspace Docket No. 11-ACE-17] Establishment of Class E Airspace; Stuart, IA AGENCY: Federal... for Stuart, IA, to accommodate new COPTER area navigation (RNAV) Standard Instrument Approach... Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish Class E airspace for Stuart, IA, creating...

  18. Curvas dose-resposta em espécies de plantas daninhas com o uso do herbicida glyphosate(1 Dose-response curves in weed species with the use of herbicide glyphosate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Luiz de Souza Lacerda

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de verificar a resposta de diferentes espécies de plantas daninhas ao herbicida glyphosate, foi desenvolvido em câmara de crescimento um experimento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da ESALQ/USP. Para isso, foram estudadas seis espécies de plantas daninhas: Bidens pilosa L., Tridax procumbens L., Digitaria insularis (L. Fedde, Spermacoce latifolia Aubl., Ipomoea grandifolia L. e Commelina benghalensis L. Utilizou-se o herbicida glyphosate, inibidor da enzima EPSPs, com doses em escalas de 0,0; 11,3; 22,5; 45; 90; 180; 360; 720 e 1.440 g.ha-1 i.a. A elaboração das curvas dose-resposta foi feita pelo ajuste da equação dos dados coletados de biomassa verde utilizando o modelo log-logístico: Y = C+D-C / 1 + Exp{b[log(x-log(RC50]}, calculado por modelo estatístico não linear dos dados pelo programa estatístico SAS. Após a determinação das curvas dose-resposta nas espécies acima citadas concluiu-se que Bidens pilosa foi considerada a planta daninha mais suscetível ao herbicida glyphosate, pois apresentou menor RC50 (31,86 g.ha-1 i.a.. As espécies Tridax procumbens, Digitaria insularis, Spermacoce latifolia, Ipomoea grandifolia, Commelina benghalensis obtiveram RC50 de 58,40; 128,50; 250,44; 615,49 e >1.440 g.ha-1 i.a. respectivamente. Portanto, a quantidade necessária de herbicida para reduzir em 50% a biomassa verde foi de 1,83; 4,03; 7,86; 32 e >359,56 vezes maior em relação à Bidens pilosa respectivamente.With the objective of veryfing the response of different doses in species of weeds by herbicide glyphosate, an experiment was conducted in growth chamber in a completetly randomized design with three repetitions, in the Department of Vegetable Production at ESALQ/USP. For that, were chosen six species of weeds: Bidens pilosa L., Tridax procumbens L., Digitaria insularis (L. Feed, Spermacoce latifolia Aubl., Ipomoea grandifolia L. and Commelina benghalensis L

  19. Concentração plasmática de cortisol, uréia, cálcio e fósforo em vacas de corte mantidas a pasto suplementadas com levedura de cromo durante a estação de monta Cortisol, urea, calcium and phosphorus plasma concentration in grazing beef cows supplemented with high chromium yeast during breeding season

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Fabian Aragón Vásquez

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi pesquisada a influência da suplementação com cromo (Cr sobre a concentração plasmática de cortisol, uréia, cálcio e fósforo em vacas zebu mantidas a pasto e numa situação de estresse calórico durante a estação de monta. Foram utilizadas trinta vacas primíparas com peso entre 380 e 385kg. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de 15 vacas, formando o tratamento suplementado com Cr e o tratamento não suplementado (controle. As vacas pastorearam em piquetes formados por Brachiaria brizanta cv. Marandu. A fonte de Cr foi levedura enriquecida (1g Cr kg-1 de produto comercial e foi adicionado à mistura mineral aportando 0,017% de Cr. Amostras de sangue foram tomadas em três períodos através de venipunção jugular e coletadas em tubos contendo heparina. As amostras de plasma foram analisadas para fósforo, cálcio, uréia e cortisol. Os dados foram analisados como um desenho de blocos ao acaso. O consumo médio diário de mistura mineral foi de 72,92g no grupo suplementado com Cr (12,40mg Cr/cabeça/dia e 77,84g no grupo controle (0,78mg Cr/cabeça/dia. A concentração plasmática de cortisol, no grupo suplementado com Cr, foi menor que no tratamento controle (2,11mg dl-1 vs. 3,29mg dl-1. As concentrações plasmáticas de fósforo (6,36mg dl-1 vs 3,56mg dl-1 e de cálcio (12,87mg dl-1 vs 9,02mg dl-1 foram maiores no grupo suplementado com Cr durante o primeiro período, mas não existiram diferenças no segundo e terceiro períodos de colheita. Os níveis plasmáticos de uréia (17,13mg dl-1 vs. 17,70mg dl-1 não foram diferentes entre os grupos experimentais.The influence of supplemental chromium (Cr on plasma cortisol, urea, calcium and phosphorus concentration were investigated in grazing cattle in caloric stress situation during the breeding season. Thirty primiparous zebu cows with 380 to 385kg of body weight were assigned to the following treatments: 15 cows fed supplemental Cr and 15 cows without supplemental Cr (Control

  20. ASME AG-1 Section FC Qualified HEPA Filters; a Particle Loading Comparison - 13435

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stillo, Andrew; Ricketts, Craig I.

    2013-01-01

    High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters used to protect personnel, the public and the environment from airborne radioactive materials are designed, manufactured and qualified in accordance with ASME AG-1 Code section FC (HEPA Filters) [1]. The qualification process requires that filters manufactured in accordance with this ASME AG-1 code section must meet several performance requirements. These requirements include performance specifications for resistance to airflow, aerosol penetration, resistance to rough handling, resistance to pressure (includes high humidity and water droplet exposure), resistance to heated air, spot flame resistance and a visual/dimensional inspection. None of these requirements evaluate the particle loading capacity of a HEPA filter design. Concerns, over the particle loading capacity, of the different designs included within the ASME AG-1 section FC code[1], have been voiced in the recent past. Additionally, the ability of a filter to maintain its integrity, if subjected to severe operating conditions such as elevated relative humidity, fog conditions or elevated temperature, after loading in use over long service intervals is also a major concern. Although currently qualified HEPA filter media are likely to have similar loading characteristics when evaluated independently, filter pleat geometry can have a significant impact on the in-situ particle loading capacity of filter packs. Aerosol particle characteristics, such as size and composition, may also have a significant impact on filter loading capacity. Test results comparing filter loading capacities for three different aerosol particles and three different filter pack configurations are reviewed. The information presented represents an empirical performance comparison among the filter designs tested. The results may serve as a basis for further discussion toward the possible development of a particle loading test to be included in the qualification requirements of ASME AG-1