Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal Homepage Image. La Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie is a semestrial publication of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Douala. It is destined to the university scientific community, physicians and other researchers in all countries who wish to make known the results of their ...

Formalisation de la chaine documentaire | Akbal | Revue d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Revue d'Information Scientifique et Technique. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 2, No 2 (1992) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Username, Password, Remember me, or Register. DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT Open Access ...

Répercussions des techniques de procréation assistée sur les droits ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Critique of the Draft ART (Regulation) Bill and Rules, 2010. 46631. Dossiers. Welcome kit for parliamentarians policy brief : assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Abetting surrogacy. Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Assisted reproductive technologies : for whose benefit?

Des fondements théoriques du néo-surtravail : réponse à la note critique de Benoît Giry

OpenAIRE

Tiffon, Guillaume

2015-01-01

Dans une note critique, parue dans le numéro 17 de la Revue de la Régulation (Giry, 2015), Benoît Giry analyse méticuleusement la « théorie du néo-surtravail » exposée dans La mise au travail des clients, livre tiré de ma thèse de doctorat de Sociologie (Tiffon, 2009) et paru chez Economica en 2013 (Tiffon, 2013). Les objections formulées à l’encontre de mon travail reposent sur une lecture serrée de celui-ci, et renvoient à des débats théoriques qui questionnent les fondements mêmes de la th...

Software Agents for Workflows Support | Zakaria | Revue d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

No Abstract Available Revue d'Information Scientifique & Technique Vol.10(1-2) 2000: 27-40. Full Text: EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rist.v10i1.26727 · AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians ...

Le stress professionnel au Cameroun | Manga | Revue de Médecine ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 1 (2011) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

Présentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Herschberg Pierrot

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Ce premier dossier de la revue Flaubert. Revue Critique et Génétique réunit des recherches récentes de la génétique flaubertienne et de la critique sur Flaubert. À partir de la première Tentation de saint Antoine, mais surtout de Salammbô à Bouvard et Pécuchet, Flaubert inaugure un travail d’écrivain-chercheur, puisant dans les sources antiques et contemporaines non de simples renseignements, mais un ensemble de discours, sur l’antiquité et sur le monde moderne, qui servent de tremplin à l’im...

Présentation

OpenAIRE

Anne Herschberg Pierrot

2009-01-01

Ce premier dossier de la revue Flaubert. Revue Critique et Génétique réunit des recherches récentes de la génétique flaubertienne et de la critique sur Flaubert. À partir de la première Tentation de saint Antoine, mais surtout de Salammbô à Bouvard et Pécuchet, Flaubert inaugure un travail d’écrivain-chercheur, puisant dans les sources antiques et contemporaines non de simples renseignements, mais un ensemble de discours, sur l’antiquité et sur le monde moderne, qui servent de tremplin à l’im...

Bilateral breast fibromatosis: a rare case report | Fewou | Revue de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 6, No 1 (2016) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

Nový časopis "Revue pro právo a technologie"

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matejka, Ján

-, č. 11 (2010), s. 61-62 ISSN 1210-6348 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70680506 Keywords : Revue for law and technologies * Internet law * review of a new journal Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences

Karl Marx: Critique as Emancipatory Practice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Celikates, R.; de Boer, K.; Sonderegger, R.

2012-01-01

Critique of philosophy, critique of religion, critique of politics, critique of political economy - there is almost no sphere of modern society of which Karl Marx’s theory does not offer a critique. This makes it all the more necessary to investigate whether these different critiques possess any

Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Synthèse : Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie is a half-yearly international peer-reviewed journal published by the Diroctorate of Publication of “Université Badji Mokhtar- Annaba” (Algeria) since 1996. Synthèse is a multidisciplinary journal. Its scope covers the fields of pure and applied science, natural and life ...

EpiNet : Revue électronique de l'EPI, Année 2012, n° 141-150

OpenAIRE

Archambault, Jean-Pierre

2012-01-01

Accès aux articles et documents dans le fichier attaché index.html. EPI, Archambault, J.-P. (2012). Éditorial : Une commission de l'Académie des Sciences sur l'enseignement de l'informatique. EpiNet : Revue électronique de l'EPI (Enseignement Public & Informatique), jan. 2012, (141). a1201a Archambault, J.-P. (2012). Au bout de dix ans de pratique du B2i, nous constatons un échec. EpiNet : Revue électronique de l'EPI (Enseignement Public & Informatique), jan. 2012, (141). a1201b Karsenti, ...

La neurosyphilis chez 3 patients VIH négatifs | Fode Cisse | Revue ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie. Journal Home · ABOUT THIS JOURNAL · Advanced Search · Current Issue · Archives · Journal Home > Vol 4, No 2 (2014) >. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie: Submissions

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Outre les articles relatant des contributions originales, la Revue des Sciences ... elles doivent être numérotées en chiffres arabes entre parenthèses au bord de la ... On écrira figure 1 ou tableau 1 en toutes lettres dans le texte lorsque cela fait ...

Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie - Vol 24 (2015)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie - Vol 24 (2015) ... hygrothermique en eau douce sur un composite unidirectionnel verre-époxy · EMAIL ... Problèmes de type obstacle : algorithmes de résolution · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT ...

Developing critique together

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chimirri, Niklas Alexander

imperative – more general still than that of eradicating errors. There is something in critique which is akin to virtue” (Foucault, 1997, pp. 42-43). Critique is future-directed: It communicates a ‘more general imperative’ that affects the possible, the imaginable, and thereby the actual. Even if formulated...

Découpage automatique de la vidéo en plans | Maredj | Revue d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Revue d'Information Scientifique et Technique ... Temporal segmentation is a necessary first step to indexing digital video for browsing and retrieval. ... This paper describes an original approach for temporal segmentation algorithm of video based on Kolmogorve-Smirnov statistical test and using double thresholds to detect ...

Designing Critique for Knowledge Integration

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Mie Elissa

Generating explanations is central to science and has the potential to have a powerful impact on students' conceptual understanding in science instruction. However, improving conceptual understanding by generating explanations is a fraught affair: students may struggle with the sense of false clarity that may arise from generating explanations, fail to detect gaps in their understanding, and dismiss salient information that contradict their beliefs. Critiquing explanations has the potential to counteract these pitfalls by exposing students to alternative ideas to contrast with their own. This dissertation seeks to clarify how to design critique in technology-enhanced science instruction to support students in revising their explanations about scientific phenomena, and in doing so, refining their conceptual understanding. Using the Knowledge Integration framework, I revised two technology-enhanced curriculum units, Plate Tectonics and Global Climate Change, in a design partnership between teachers, researchers, and technologists. I conducted a series of studies with sixth-grade students to investigate the conditions under which guided critique of explanations can support revision. The pilot critique study investigated the impact of the revised Plate Tectonics unit on students' understanding of convection, as well as of a preliminary design of critique where students generated and applied their own criteria for what makes a good explanation in science. The guidance study explored how incorporating a complex selection task that features meta-explanatory criteria into critique supports students in distinguishing among different criteria, as well as how students use peer or expert guidance on their initial explanation during revision. The critique study investigated how designing critique with a complex selection task that features plausible alternative ideas and giving guidance on students' critiques support students in distinguishing among a range of relevant ideas

Review: Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, 2011/3, no. 142: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte Besprechung: Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, 2011/3, Nr. 142: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laurence Marfaing

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Review of the issue 2011/3, no. 142, of Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte.Besprechung der Ausgabe 2011/3, Nr. 142, von Hérodote: Revue de géographie et de géopolitique: Géopolitique du Sahara, Paris: La Découverte.

The Dialectics of Communicative and Immanent Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan Fornäs

2013-11-01

Full Text Available In cultural studies and cultural research, the importance of being critical is often stressed, but it is more rare to scrutinise how such critique is and can be performed. This text discusses different modes of critique, in three main steps. First, a brief review of the history and signifying layers of the concept of critique itself leads up to a late modern communicative concept of critique, linked to the contested relation between critique and tradition, and based on how Paul Ricoeur has interpreted ideology critique and the hermeneutics of suspicion. This communicative mode is contrasted to critical approaches that strive to radically dissociate themselves from others. Second, it is argued that the most powerful sources of critique are to be sought in the inner contradictions of the targeted spheres of social reality rather than applied from the outside. Such immanent – as opposed to transcendent – critique, has been formulated and exercised by Karl Marx, Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, among others. The third section sums up the spiral moves of cultural studies as informed by critical hermeneutics: dialectical critique based on communicative and immanent critique must be on the move, never frozen, and may temporarily and locally explore radical and transcendent modes of critique, in ways that have been discussed by Donna Haraway.

Société de l'information (Algerian) | Bounadja | Revue d'Information ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... la quelle, l'information est la base de toutes les activités scientifique, technique, économique, politique, sociale et culturelle. Mots clés: Société de l'information / Internet / Education / Formation / Industrie de l'information. Revue d'Information Scientifique & Technique Vol.9(1) 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rist.v9i1.26724.

The virtual dental home: a critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, Jay W; Nash, David A; Mathu-Muju, Kavita R

2017-09-01

The Virtual Dental Home is a concept of the Pacific Center for Special Care of the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in San Francisco. It is designed to improve access to dental care for underserved populations, specifically children and institutionalized adults. This article describes the development and implementation of the Virtual Dental Home, subsequently critiquing the concept. The criteria for a dental home are not met by the program. It is the equivalent of a traditional public oral health prevention and screening program, with the additional dimension of allowing dental hygienists and assistants to place interim glass ionomer restorations in dental cavities. The critique questions the need to insert a "cloud" dentist into the process. The routine utilization of radiographs is also challenged. The VDH not only lacks the attributes of a dental home, it has not been shown to be as efficient and effective as traditional programs staffed by dental hygienists and dental therapists. The article concludes by describing how programs utilizing dental therapists could address the deficiencies of the Virtual Dental Home, effectively improving access to oral health care for underserved populations. © 2017 American Association of Public Health Dentistry.

Une voix dans un chœur risque de n’être point entendue. André Gide et La Nouvelle Revue française, 1908-1914

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koffeman, M.N.; Wittmann, Jean-Michel

2017-01-01

Cet article étudie la tension entre l’individualisme gidien et la collectivité littéraire que forme la première Nouvelle revue française. Entreprise commune par excellence, la revue gagne à être considérée dans son ensemble. Une lecture des sommaires de la NRF relativise le rôle de Gide et met en

Essentialism, hybridism and cultural critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Frello, Birgitta

2007-01-01

to social and cultural critique. Through a critical discussion of the concept of hybridity, I argue that rather than expecting to find definite emancipating or suppressing capacities connected to constructions of the ‘hybrid' and the ‘pure', we should focus on how these two poles are invested with meaning...... and related to power. Hence, while insisting on Cultural Studies' commitment to social and cultural critique, I argue that this critique would benefit from an analytical sensitivity towards the uses and abuses of the discursive power to designate meaningful and legitimate subject positions, rather than...

Elisabeth Badinter, Fausse route

OpenAIRE

Martin-Juchat, Fabienne

2013-01-01

Elisabeth Badinter, philosophe de formation, est l’auteure de nombreux ouvrages sur la condition féminine et les rapports hommes/femmes dans la société. Avec Fausse route, elle signe une vision polémique du féminisme occidental. Son ouvrage a suscité de nombreuses critiques de femmes dans diverses revues destinées au grand public. Hélène Strohl, recenseur de la revue Culture en mouvement, conclut que cet ouvrage est peu scientifique, sujet à caution : « Argument contre argument, amalgame cont...

Geographical Journals in Spain : from Tradition to Fragmentation Les revues géographiques en Espagne : de la tradition à la fragmentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurora Garcia Ballesteros

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article reviews the short and diversified history of the Spanish Geographical journals, within the framework of the general Spanish geographic tradition. During the second half of the 20th Century, a fragmentation of the university Geography groups took place with a multiplication of journals. This fragmentation appears as a big difficulty to reinforce and internationally disseminate the main results of Spanish geographical research. Through the most popular journals database it is possible to evaluate the impact of these Spanish journals, which is always very little. Some conclusions related to language and content problems are advanced in order to improve the knowledge of the great and diversified Spanish geography all around the world.Cet article analyse l’évolution brève et diversifiée des revues de géographie espagnoles, dans le contexte général de la tradition géographique. À partir de la deuxième moitié du XXème siècle il y eu une fragmentation des groupes de géographes universitaires ce qui a produit une multiplication des revues. Cette fragmentation devient la difficulté majeure pour l’internationalisation et la diffusion des principaux résultats de la recherche géographique espagnole. À travers des bases de données de revues les plus connues on a pu évaluer l’impact des revues espagnoles, qui est toujours très réduit. On avance finalement quelques conclusions relatives aux problèmes de la langue et des contenus de la majorité des articles des revues espagnoles comme explication de la méconnaissance de l’importance et de la diversité de la géographie espagnole dans le monde actuel.

Retour sur les critiques anarchistes du marxisme

OpenAIRE

Angaut , Jean-Christophe

2013-01-01

There is a tendency evident in the various strands of contemporary anarchism to ignore both Marx, Marxism and the history of Marxism, and the critiques formulated by the anarchist tradition. Against this tendency, the aim of the present article is to emphasize both the contemporary relevance of these critiques and the contribution of Marxism to a radical critique of all forms of domination. It therefore recalls the role played by the critique of Marxism in the elaboration of the anarchist mov...

Dance Critique as Signature Pedagogy

Science.gov (United States)

Kearns, Lauren

2017-01-01

The curriculum of preprofessional university degree programs in dance typically comprise four components: theory and history, dance technique, creative process, and performance. This article focuses on critique in the modern dance technique and choreography components of the dance curriculum. Bachelor of Fine Arts programs utilize critique as a…

The Crisis of Critique in Critical Management Studies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lystbæk, Christian Tang

both directions and employ both conceptions in their critique. Critique should not ignore one of the dual aims. Hence, my paper will point toward a Third Wave of critical management studies, addressing the question (or quest) whether the fundamental tension between Normativity and Contextuality can......Generally speaking, critical management studies are based upon a critique of customary conceptions of management for being reductionist and carrying implicit, unrecognized (problematic) assumptions. This conceptual paper argues, however, that this holds for critical management studies too: Critical...... management studies are equally based upon reductionist, problematic assumptions regarding the conception of, not management, but critique. Thus, this paper identifies a crisis in critical management studies in terms of simplified accounts of critique. There has been and still is a rough dividing line between...

MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL CRITIQUE OF RELIGION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jowita Guja

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The paper is a synthetic overview of main problems of the philosophical critique of religion. In the beginning I identify and characterize three general threads of the critique: the enlightenment, the alienational and the thread which focuses on the problem of theodicy. The greater part of my article is devoted to the alienational critique of religion n its two types: atheistic (Feuerbach, Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Sartre and theistic (Barth. The subjects of my analysis are the sources and foundations of the alienational critique of religion and the most important problems implied by it: the essence of religion, the ideal of the irreligious man, the prospect to remove religion. The analysis presents troubles and confusions connected to these subjects: they emerge in atheistic type of alienational critique of religion.

Public Policy and Foucaultian Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Karlsen, Mads Peter; Villadsen, Kaspar

2012-01-01

This article suggests that certain intertwinements can be discerned between contemporary public policies and post-structural thinking, emblematically represented by Foucault and scholars drawing upon his work. The article demonstrates that the post-structural perspective on power, while recognising...... its strengths and efficacy, confines observers to a particular form of analytical critique, which sets specific limits for what can be observed and debated. The position of Nikolas Rose is discussed with a specific attention to his diagnosis of the adoption of ‘community’ as a governmental category...... and his understanding of the relationship between power and critique. A significant challenge for this form of critique is the recent embracing of concepts of ‘diversity’ and ‘pluralism’, both in welfare reforms and service arrangements. Another difficulty is posed by how to engage with the material...

Première analyse du lectorat de la revue ALSIC

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Thierry Chanier

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article nous tentons de cerner la nature et les centres d´intérêt du lectorat de la revue ALSIC, au cours des 21 premiers mois de son existence, de juin 1998 à février 2000. Nous présentons d´abord les sources d´information sur lesquelles est construite cette étude. Nous examinons les nombres d´accès mensuels sur notre site. Nous détaillons ensuite certaines caractéristiques de notre lectorat : répartition géographique, activités principales, langues objets d´attention. Enfin, nous décrivons les consultations des rubriques et de certains de nos articles.

Under the Gaze of Double Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sabih, Joshua

2015-01-01

of the theory of double critique: decolonisation, desacralisation and the orphan book are operative in Ḫaṭībī´s analysis of Orientalism, identity, and the issue of origin. As a professional outsider, Ḫaṭībī follows conceptually and methodologically the rules of the epistemological critique in an enunciation...

Non-normative Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Magnus Paulsen

2016-01-01

The close ties between modes of governing, subjectivities and critique in contemporary societies challenge the role of critical social research. The classical normative ethos of the unmasking researcher unravelling various oppressive structures of dominant vs. dominated groups in society is inade......The close ties between modes of governing, subjectivities and critique in contemporary societies challenge the role of critical social research. The classical normative ethos of the unmasking researcher unravelling various oppressive structures of dominant vs. dominated groups in society...... outlines a non-normative but critical programme based on an ethos of re-politicizing contemporary pervasive modes of governing. The analytical advantages and limitations of such a programme are demonstrated by readings of both Foucauldian studies and the works of and debates regarding the French pragmatic...

De l'injure en pays maure ou « qui ne loue pas critique »

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Catherine Taine-Cheikh

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Catherine Taine-Cheikh, qui s'intéresse au phénomène de l'injure dans la société arabophone de Mauritanie, commence par étudier les différents termes du dialecte hassâniyya qui relèvent de ce champ sémantique. Elle s'attache ensuite à montrer l'importance et la complexité de l'« effet injure », dans cette société fortement imprégnée par les valeurs de l'honneur où non seulement la critique mais aussi la louange peuvent apparaître comme des manifestations de l'injure. Passant en revue diverses situations empruntées à la vie quotidienne ou puisées dans des matériaux littéraires (écrits et surtout oraux, l'auteur relève diverses stratégies adoptées, soit par les injurieurs, soit par les injuriaires, pour tenter de maîtriser les effets des mots (ou gestes « déplacés ». Bien que le problème du contrôle de soi semble presque toujours primordial, la gestion de l'injure laisse apparaître une différenciation importante en fonction du sexe et du statut relatif des acteurs sociaux concernés.

The Closing of Critique, Pluralism and Reflexivity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alvesson, Mats; Kärreman, Dan

2013-01-01

addresses wider concerns regarding the politics of research and publishing and the conditions of critique at the present time. The pressure and eagerness to get published lead to strong subspecialization and an inclination to build research approaches within which authors are inclined to reproduce shared...... assumptions and be unwelcome to critical explorations. The article points to the risk of assumption-challenging work being marginalized through the anticipation of critique leading to hostile reactions and specialized, politically motivated reviewers blocking the publication of far-reaching critique....

Kantian Critique as a possible Driver for Planned Change

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Martin Lund; Bordum, Anders

In this article it is revealed that planned change approaches operate with multiple drivers for change, but often neglect critique as a relevant driver for change. This is in contradistinction to approaches within the social sciences, where critique is often seen as a relevant approach to creating...... improvements and change. Looking at the concept of critique in its Kantian historical origin, and relating it to some influential specific theories of planned change, it is argued that critique is often ignored as a relevant method and means of leading change in organizations and firms. In conclusion...... there is an unused potential in using critique more systematically in attempts to manage and lead planned change....

CASE STUDY CRITIQUE; UPPER CLINCH CASE STUDY

Science.gov (United States)

Case study critique: Upper Clinch case study (from Research on Methods for Integrating Ecological Economics and Ecological Risk Assessment: A Trade-off Weighted Index Approach to Integrating Economics and Ecological Risk Assessment). This critique answers the questions: 1) does ...

Título da página electrónica: Multitudes Web

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Araújo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Página de uma revista política, cultural e artística votada à análise de todas as formas de dominação e dos movimentos sociais visando a emancipação social. Além da Revue Multitudes, disponível online, encontram-se igualmente na página análises da actualidade, um espaço de debate, complementos à revista com diversas contribuições internacionais e um arquivo onde é possível aceder às revistas Futur Antérieur e Alice, Revue Critique du Temps. A revista Multitudes integra a rede Eurozine.

Formulating transgenerational technology critique as conflictual collaboration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chimirri, Niklas Alexander

2015-01-01

In the fields of technology design studies and human-computer interaction (HCI), participatory technology design involving children has been on the rise. Particularly studies applying and developing the cooperative inquiry methodology or inspired by it are of growing interest to media technology...... designers. While the underlying impetus of actively involving the intended users in the design process and thereby taking the children as seriously as adult users is laudable, the overarching framing and directionality of the technology design process is rendered unquestionable for the children....... The presentation illustrates that the pristine intention of engaging in intergenerational technology design is potentially helpful for collectively formulating a productive and sustainable technology critique. On the downside the applied methodologies lack viable concepts for meaningfully analyzing its...

Drainage percutané de l'abcès du psoas: Notre expérience et revue ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

M. Asseban

et al. Les abcès pyogènes secondaires du psoas: à propos de six cas et revue de la littérature. Rev Med Interne 2006;27:828–35. [3] Muttarak M, Peh WC. CT of unusual iliopsoas compartment lesions. Radiographics 2000. Oct; 20 Spec No: S53-S66. [4] Zissin R, Gayer G, Kots E, Werner M, Shapiro-Feinberg M, Hertz M.

Engagement beyond critique?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Gritt B.; Jørgensen, Nanna Jordt

2018-01-01

In response to academic ideals of neutrality, complexity and cultural relativism promoted in postmodern cultural critique, different attempts have been made to make anthropology more “engaged” in the promotion of social change. In this article, we discuss three contemporary positions...

Récritures et variation : pour une génétique linguistique et textuelle

OpenAIRE

Adam, Jean-Michel

2014-01-01

1. L’analyse des variations textuelles : une génétique texuelle ? Dans le Cahier n° 1 de la revue Critique génétique, S. Bourjea, J. Jallat et J. Levaillant ont décidé « d’abandonner l’expression de génétique textuelle parce qu’elle restait entachée par son adjectif à la textualité » (1991 : 73). Introducteur du terme, avec les Essais de critique génétique et sa postface de 1979, Louis Hay est revenu sur ce qu’il appelle la « controverse sur le texte », dans le n° 6 d’Enjeux critiques (1994)....

Two Forms of Philosophical Argument or Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Marshall, James D.

2004-01-01

In this paper the author looks at two forms of philosophical argument or critique. These are derived by himself from the work of the late Kantian scholar, Stephan Korner who, in his book "What is Philosophy?" (1969), draws a number of distinctions between different forms of "philosophical" argument or critique. The two forms of derived argument,…

The Foucault-Habermas Debate: the Reflexive and Receptive Aspects of Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Ejvind

2005-01-01

In this paper I discuss the relationship between two different approaches to critical theory – the reflective and the receptive approaches. I show how it can be fruitful to discuss the relationship between Habermas and Foucault through this distinction. My point is that whereas Habermas focusses...... on critique as a reflexive activity, Foucault mainly focusses on the receptive conditions for critique to be possible. I argue further that Foucault focusses on the receptive aspects of critique, the quest for universality is not as pressing as it is in Habermas’ approach, because problematizing critique can...

Disability as infra-critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gad, Christopher; Dalsgaard, Steffen

2017-01-01

and we examine parts of the historical background for the production of authority in the context of managing disability as exception during polling. In doing so we point out that as the organization of electoral processes evolves, new potentialities for infra-critique also emerge.......This article investigates how disability can work analytically as a ‘critique from within’. Our case is the accommodation of citizens with disabilities during the voting process in Denmark. Here disability makes explicit how Danish democracy is produced as disability rubs up against implicit...... this offers. We analyze an incident at a polling booth during the 2013 Danish Municipal election. This renders visible some of the complex socio-material processes through which citizens and the Danish state co-enact and co-authorize one another. We highlight how ‘detachments’ are vital to such processes...

Marx and the critique of capitalist society: critique of labor/Marx e a crítica ontológica da sociedade capitalista: crítica do trabalho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Duayer

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The paper seeks to emphasize what in my opinion can be consideredthe main thrust of Marxian work: the critique of political economy as an ontological critique of the modern capitalist society. Such critique begins to take its ultimate form with the Grundrisse. The argument runs as follows. Firstly, it tries to show briefly the debilitating effects, both in theory and practice, brought about in the last decades by the dissolution of the Marxian ontological critique. Secondly, it argues that real critique is ontological critique and, consequently, has to explain what such a critique consists of. Finally, agreeing with Postone’s suggested reinterpretation of Marx’s ideas, but diverging from him precisely with respect to ontology, it suggests that the ontological critique produced by Marx is a critique of labor or, in other words, critique of the centrality of labor, which is specific of the capitalist society.O artigo pretende destacar o que constitui para mim o propósitocentral da obra marxiana que, nos Grundrisse, começa a tomar forma acabada,a saber, a crítica da economia política como crítica ontológica da modernasociedade capitalista. O argumento está assim estruturado. Em primeiro lugar,inicio procurando mostrar de maneira sintética os efeitos paralisantes, teóricose práticos, da dissolução da crítica ontológica marxiana nas últimas décadas.Em segundo lugar, e justamente por isso, tento sustentar que crítica de fato écrítica ontológica e, em consequência, devo mostrar de que se trata essa crítica.Por último, concordando com a interpretação da obra de Marx proposta porMoishe Postone, mas diferindo dela precisamente no que diz respeito à onto-logia, procuro demonstrar que a crítica ontológica elaborada por Marx é críticado trabalho, ou, caso se queira, crítica da centralidade do trabalho, própria eespecífica da sociedade capitalista.

Race, Gender, and Critique: African-American Women, White Women, and Domestic Violence in the 1980s and 1990s.

Science.gov (United States)

Weis, Lois

2001-01-01

Focusing on young adult working class and poor African American women and white women, who currently live in a largely inhospitable economy, this paper examines where these women lodge social critique (where they place the cause and imagine the remedy for their troubles). Data from indepth interviews indicate that respondents see the world with a…

Entre Classicisme et Modernité : La Nouvelle Revue Française dans le champ littéraire de la Belle Epoque

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koffeman-Bijman, M.N.

2003-01-01

The literary review La Nouvelle Revue Française enjoys an enormous prestige in France. In Entre Classicisme et Modernité, Maaike Koffeman explores the origins of this legend of French literary life by means of a historical, literary and sociological analysis of the first years of the review s

"A big piece of news": Théodule Ribot and the founding of the Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Etranger.

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Nicolas, Serge

2013-01-01

This paper describes the founding of the Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Étranger by Théodule Ribot (1839-1916) in 1876. Like the English journal Mind, which was launched the same year, this journal introduced the new scientific psychology to France. Its founding increased Ribot's scientific credibility in psychology and led him to be regarded as the most distinguished French specialist in the field. First, we review the state of French philosophy at the time of the journal's founding, focusing on the three main French schools of thought in philosophy and on their relations with psychology. Second, after analyzing the preface written by Ribot in the first issue of the Revue Philosophique, we examine how the journal was received in French philosophical circles. Finally, we discuss its subsequent history, highlighting its founder's promotion of new ideas in psychology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Interpreting Foucault: an evaluation of a Foucauldian critique of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The potential strengths and weaknesses of a Foucauldian critique of education are discussed and evaluated. The article focuses specifically on the value of Foucault's work for critiquing social and political ideologies prevalent in education, which is understood as a societal institution, and hence, as a modern regime of ...

Ideology, Critique and Surveillance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heidi Herzogenrath-Amelung

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The 2013 revelations concerning global surveillance programmes demonstrate in unprecedented clarity the need for Critical Theory of information and communication technologies (ICTs to address the mechanisms and implications of increasingly global, ubiquitous surveillance. This is all the more urgent because of the dominance of the “surveillance ideology” (the promise of security through surveillance that supports the political economy of surveillance. This paper asks which theoretical arguments and concepts can be useful for philosophically grounding a critique of this surveillance ideology. It begins by examining how the surveillance ideology works through language and introduces the concept of the ‘ideological packaging’ of ICTs to show how rhetoric surrounding the implementation of surveillance technologies reinforces the surveillance ideology. It then raises the problem of how ideology-critique can work if it relies on language itself and argues that Martin Heidegger’s philosophy can make a useful contribution to existing critical approaches to language.

reClaiming Space & Dialogue in Adult Education

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Kawalilak, Colleen A.

2006-01-01

This paper critiques current trends in adult education against a backdrop of practice that was once testimony to an educational model that extended beyond formal learning and a business and industry agenda. Adult educators are called upon to reclaim an identity as leaders, in support of a shift in perspective and practice, more aligned to…

Relation de service, rapport social de service : Quelle grille d’analyse ? Analysing service relationships and service-based social relationships. Debate with the editors of the Nouvelle Revue du Travail Relación de servicio, vínculo social de servicio: ¿qué modelo analítico? Debate con la redacción de la Nouvelle Revue du Travail

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guillaume Tiffon

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Dans un échange avec la Nouvelle Revue du Travail, Pascal Ughetto et Philippe Zarifian prolongent la controverse sur les grilles d’analyse des services, en discutant les pré-requis sur lesquels reposent leurs postures respectives. Ce débat fait suite à leurs contributions dans le dossier Controverses de ce numéro « Relation de service, rapport social de service. Quelle grille d’analyse ? »In a conversation with the Nouvelle Revue du Travail, Pascal Ughetto and Philippe Zarifian address the controversy about service-related analytical grids, by focusing on the preconditions underlying each grid’s particular orientation. The debate follows their contributions to the Controverses special section found in a special issue called “Analysing service relationships and service-based social relationships”En una conversación con la Nouvelle Revue du Travail, Pascal Ughetto y Philippe Zarifian prolongan la controversia sobre los modelos analíticos de los servicios, debatiendo sobre los prerrequisitos en los cuales se apoyan sus respectivas posturas. Ese debate ha surgido tras sus contribuciones al número especial Controverses de esta edición “Relación de servicio, vínculo social de servicio. ¿Qué modelo analítico ?

Cultural Journalism and Cultural Critique in a changing Media Landscape

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard Kristensen, Nete; From, Unni

2015-01-01

This special issue addresses a topic of journalism studies that has previously been somewhat neglected but which has gained increasing scholarly attention since the mid-2000s: the coverage and evaluation of art and culture, or what we term “cultural journalism and cultural critique.......” In this introduction, we highlight three issues that serve to frame the study of cultural journalism and cultural critique more generally and the eight articles of this special issue more specifically: (1) the constant challenge of demarcating cultural journalism and cultural critique, including the interrelations...... of “journalism” and “critique”; (2) the dialectic of globalisation’s cultural homogenisation, on the one hand, and the specificity of local/national cultures, on the other; and (3) the digital media landscape seen in terms of the need to rethink, perhaps even redefine cultural journalism and cultural critique...

Revue épidémiologique des blessures lors de la pratique du rugby à XV

OpenAIRE

Kaux, Jean-François; Julia, Marc; Chupin, Marie; Delvaux, François; Croisier, Jean-Louis; Forthomme, Bénédicte; Crielaard, Jean-Michel; LE GOFF, Caroline; Durez, Patrick; Ernst, Philippe; Guns, Sébastien; Laly, Arnaud

2014-01-01

Le rugby est un sport en plein développement. Sport de contact par excellence, il est à l’origine d’un nombre important de blessures. Au rugby à XV, l’incidence des blessures s’élève de 30 à 91/1000 heures de match. Cette revue épidémiologique des blessures chez le rugbyman évoque la localisation et le type de blessures, les causes, les moments des matches et de la saison auxquels elles se produisent, la position des joueurs et le type de terrain, ainsi que le temps d’absence des joueurs à la...

Sayyid Quṭb’s critique of fiqh

OpenAIRE

Thameem Ushama

2014-01-01

Sayyid Quṭb’s views on fiqh (jurisprudence) have been the subject of significant critique. This paper seeks to understand the bases of such criticisms through a qualitative content analysis of his exegesis and other writings. We begin with a brief survey of the views of scholars who have spoken in favour of and against him, followed by a brief biographic profile of Quṭb. This paper focuses on Quṭb’s critique of three key issues. First, the terms “Fiqh al-Awrāq” (jurisprudence of papers) and “...

[Pharmaceutical, medical and cosmetic advertising in the revue "A Illustração (Paris, 1884-1892)].

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Pereira, A L; Pita, J R

1996-01-01

Edited by a Portuguese publisher in Paris, in 15.000 copies, to be sold in Portugal and in Brazil, the revue A Illustração propagated the progress accomplished by French science and industry in the pharmaceutical, medical and cosmetic domaine. It followed with particular interest the work of Pasteur and nearly every advertisement that is published on the subject of health made reference to either medicine or products of French origin. Such advertisements reflect the great concern of the times with matters of hygiene, both public and private.

Feminism and psychology: critiques of methods and epistemology.

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Eagly, Alice H; Riger, Stephanie

2014-10-01

Starting in the 1960s, many of the critiques of psychological science offered by feminist psychologists focused on its methods and epistemology. This article evaluates the current state of psychological science in relation to this feminist critique. The analysis relies on sources that include the PsycINFO database, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2010), and popular psychology methods textbooks. After situating the feminist critique within the late-20th-century shift of science from positivism to postpositivism, the inquiry examines feminists' claims of androcentric bias in (a) the underrepresentation of women as researchers and research participants and (b) researchers' practices in comparing women and men and describing their research findings. In most of these matters, psychology manifests considerable change in directions advocated by feminists. However, change is less apparent in relation to some feminists' criticisms of psychology's reliance on laboratory experimentation and quantitative methods. In fact, the analyses documented the rarity in high-citation journals of qualitative research that does not include quantification. Finally, the analysis frames feminist methodological critiques by a consideration of feminist epistemologies that challenge psychology's dominant postpositivism. Scrutiny of methods textbooks and journal content suggests that within psychological science, especially as practiced in the United States, these alternative epistemologies have not yet gained substantial influence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

Interpreting Foucault: An Evaluation of a Foucauldian Critique of Education

Science.gov (United States)

Woermann, Minka

2012-01-01

The potential strengths and weaknesses of a Foucauldian critique of education are discussed and evaluated. The article focuses specifically on the value of Foucault's work for critiquing social and political ideologies prevalent in education, which is understood as a societal institution, and hence, as a modern regime of institutional power. In…

From Hamburg to Belem: The Limits of Technocratic Thinking in Adult Learning Education

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Torres, Carlos Alberto

2015-01-01

This article discusses some of the generalized analyses of adult learning education, mostly informed by technocratic thinking, highlighting perceived trends in adult learning education between CONFINTEA V and CONFITEA VI. Those trends could be understood as challenges. Employing a political sociology of adult learning education as a critique of…

Critique and Process: Signature Pedagogies in the Graphic Design Classroom

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Motley, Phillip

2017-01-01

Like many disciplines in design and the visual fine arts, critique is a signature pedagogy in the graphic design classroom. It serves as both a formative and summative assessment while also giving students the opportunity to practice the habits of graphic design. Critiques help students become keen observers of relevant disciplinary criteria;…

Mixité sociale dans l'habitat. Revue de la littérature dans une perspective comparative

OpenAIRE

Kirszbaum, Thomas

2008-01-01

Cette revue de la littérature examine les politiques de diversité dans l’habitat d’un point de vue comparatif. Depuis qu’elle a été promue comme objectif central des politiques urbaines et du logement en France, la diversité (ou mixité) sociale dans l’habitat et les politiques publiques initiées en son nom, ont suscité une abondante littérature. De telles politiques existent aussi dans d’autres pays et s’accompagnent de débats importants dans les sciences sociales et le champ de l’évaluation ...

Education Policy and Practice "under" New Labour: An Epistolary Critique

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Richards, Colin

2010-01-01

Since the election of 1997 New Labour's education policy has been subject to variety of forms of critique--in this journal and others. One of the sources for such critique has been a barrage of letters unleashed for over a decade by Colin Richards in the "Times Educational Supplement". Here are reproduced a self-edited selection of his…

Beyond Construction: Five arguments for the role and value of critique in learning science

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Henderson, J. Bryan; MacPherson, Anna; Osborne, Jonathan; Wild, Andrew

2015-07-01

This paper argues that science education has overemphasized the importance of construction at the expense of critique. In doing so, it draws on two key premises-Ford's argument that the construction of knowledge requires a dialectic between construction and critique and Mercier and Sperber's theory of argumentative reasoning that critique is essential for epistemic vigilance. Five separate cases are presented which argue that the absence of critique within school science limits the opportunities for students to engage in scientific reasoning making the learning of science less effective. These five arguments incorporate research literature surrounding the nature of science, epistemology, literacy, pedagogy, and motivation. Furthermore, we draw on data collected from cognitive think-aloud interviews to show that students can, with the appropriate prompts, engage in the important epistemic activity of critique. We conclude by examining the implications for the teaching and learning of science. In essence, we argue that the undervaluing of critique within the curriculum and pedagogy of school science results in a failure to develop the analytical faculties which are the valued hall mark of the practicing scientist; a misrepresentation of the nature of science; and, more importantly, a less effective learning experience. Critique, therefore, needs to play a central role in the teaching and learning of science.

Political realism as ideology critique

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Prinz, J.; Rossi, E.

2017-01-01

This paper outlines an account of political realism as a form of ideology critique. We defend the normative edge of this critical-theoretic project against the common charge that there is a problematic trade-off between a theory’s groundedness in facts about the political status quo and its ability

Reconfiguring the optics of the critical gaze in science education (after the critique of critique): (re)thinking "what counts" through Foucaultian prismatics

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Higgins, Marc

2018-03-01

The purpose of this article is to explore what Michel Foucault refers to as "the" critical attitude and its relationship to science education, drawing from Foucault's (The politics of truth. Semiotext(e), New York, 1997) insight that the critical attitude is but a critical attitude. This article is a rejoinder to Anna Danielsonn, Maria Berge, and Malena Lidar's paper, "Knowledge and power in the technology classroom: a framework for studying teachers and students in action". Where Danielsonn and colleagues think with Foucaultian power/knowledge to examine and (re)consider teacher-student didactic relations in science and technology education, this article critically examines the power/knowledge relationship between science educators and science education to critically explore the modes of criticality produced and produceable. Particularly, I explore possibilities for and of critique that stem from and respond to what Bruno Latour (Politics of nature: How to bring the sciences into democracy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1993) refers to as the crisis and critique of critique.

Alienation in Mathematics Education: Critique and Development of Neo-Vygotskian Perspectives

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Williams, Julian

2016-01-01

This paper aims to critique and develop neo-Vygotskian work in mathematics education from (i) within the Vygotskian and activity theoretic tradition, and where necessary from (ii) a Bourdieusian perspective. First, I critique Roth and Radford's (2011) version of Cultural-historical Activity Theory, suggesting that a classroom episode presented as…

The Justifications for War and Peace in World Religions. Part III: Comparison of Scriptures from Seven World Religions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-01

l’objet de multiples recensions. Dans la mesure du possible, les auteurs de ces recensions ont utilisé des éditions critiques revues et corrigées par...Les auteurs sont conscients des contre-indications qu’il peut y avoir à sortir de leur contexte des passages de textes sacrés, mais les...just war tradition, see: Just War Theory . Ed. Jean Bethke Elshtain. (Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1992); Johnson, James Turner, Ideology, reason, and the

Husserl's Preemptive Responses to Existentialist Critiques ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Husserl's Preemptive Responses to Existentialist Critiques. Paul S MacDonald. Abstract. Existentialist thinkers often publicly acknowledged Husserl's phenomenology as one of their main points of departure for treatment of such themes as intentionality, comportment, transcendence, and the lifeworld. Several central ...

'Hypotheses, everywhere only hypotheses!': on some contexts of Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology.

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Feest, Uljana

2007-03-01

In 1894, Wilhelm Dilthey published an article in which he formulated a critique of what he called 'explanatory psychology', contrasting it with his own conception of 'descriptive psychology'. Dilthey's descriptive psychology, in turn, was to provide the basis for Dilthey's specific philosophy of the human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften). In this paper, I contextualize Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology. I show that while this critique comes across as very broad and sweeping, he in fact had specific opponents in mind, namely, scholars who, like him, attempted to theorize about the relationship between the individual and society, between psychology and the other human sciences. Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology is the flipside of his critique of sociology, which he had already formulated. He challenged both because he felt that they gave the wrong kind of answer to the task of overcoming metaphysics within the human sciences. In particular, I identify the founders of Völkerpsychologie, Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal, and (more importantly) their student, Georg Simmel, as Dilthey's targets. I provide textual and historical evidence for this thesis.

Effects of music and art education in early life and oral functions on the QOL of the Takarazuka Revue Company OG compared with general elderly females.

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Masutani, Takiko; Yamamoto, Yasuji; Konishi, Junya; Maeda, Kiyoshi

2010-03-01

Today, Japan is becoming a super-aged society, with senior citizens already constituting over 21% of the population. In this situation, the question of how elderly people can extend their lives and enjoy independent lifestyles is becoming more important. The present study aims to clarify the relationship between the Quality of Life (QOL) of elderly females and their current oral functions and experiences of music and art education in early life. We carried out a survey study focusing on elderly females (Takarazuka Revue Company OG group and general female group) by carrying out a questionnaire survey and comparing cognitive function, oral examinations, cerebral atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging, and other characteristics. It was shown that the Takarazuka Revue Company OG group had greater hippocampal volumes and significantly higher cognitive functions than the general female group. In addition, in the general female group, there was a significant correlation between a decrease in the number of remaining teeth and a decrease in activities in daily living, but in the Takarazuka Revue Company OG group, no such correlation was observed. The results showed that those who have received art education as part of their careers over an extensive period since early life have higher levels of cognitive function, QOL, physical activity, social activity and life satisfaction compared with the general female group; showing that they sense a purpose in life and live with a positive attitude. In contrast, in the general female group, those who have continued to enjoy hobbies have higher levels of cognitive function, QOL, physical activity, social activity and life satisfaction than those who have not, thus showing that they live with a positive attitude.

THE POLITICAL CRITIQUE OF SPIKE Lee's Bamboozled

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN MEDIA: THE POLITICAL. CRITIQUE OF SPIKE ... KEYWORDS: Blackface Minstrelsy, Racist Stereotypes and American Media. INTRODUCTION ..... of a difference that is itself a process of disavowal.” In this ...

Students' Talk about the Climate of Feedback Interventions in the Critique

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Dannels, Deanna P.; Housley Gaffney, Amy L.; Martin, Kelly Norris

2011-01-01

Similar to many courses in communication, oral communication is central to the learning goals in the discipline of design. Design critiques, the primary communication activity in design classrooms, occur in every studio course multiple times. One key feature of the critique, as an oral genre, is the amount of time and emphasis placed on feedback.…

Adam Smith and the Educative Critique: A Response to My Commentators

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Weinstein, Jack Russell

2015-01-01

This paper is both a response to the four reviewers in a special symposium on my book Adam Smith's Pluralism and a substantive discussion of philosophy of education. In it, I introduce what I call "the educative critique," a mode of analysis similar to Marxist, feminist, or postcolonial critiques, but focusing on the educative role of a…

Evaluating the Evaluators: Comparative Study of High School Newspaper Critique Services.

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Davis, Nancy

High school publication staffs depend on national critique services as a major means of evaluation and recognition, but most have no measure of how one critique service compares to the others, because they can afford the entry fee for only one evaluation. Thus, a study was conducted to test the validity of three major national critique…

Medical humanities and their discontents: definitions, critiques, and implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Shapiro, Johanna; Coulehan, Jack; Wear, Delese; Montello, Martha

2009-02-01

The humanities offer great potential for enhancing professional and humanistic development in medical education. Yet, although many students report benefit from exposure to the humanities in their medical education, they also offer consistent complaints and skepticism. The authors offer a pedagogical definition of the medical humanities, linking it to medicine as a practice profession. They then explore three student critiques of medical humanities curricula: (1) the content critique, examining issues of perceived relevance and intellectual bait-and-switch, (2) the teaching critique, which examines instructor trustworthiness and perceived personal intrusiveness, and (3) the structural/placement critique, or how and when medical humanities appear in the curriculum. Next, ways are suggested to tailor medical humanities to better acknowledge and reframe the needs of medical students. These include ongoing cross-disciplinary reflective practices in which intellectual tools of the humanities are incorporated into educational activities to help students examine and, at times, contest the process, values, and goals of medical practice. This systematic, pervasive reflection will organically lead to meaningful contributions from the medical humanities in three specific areas of great interest to medical educators: professionalism, "narrativity," and educational competencies. Regarding pedagogy, the implications of this approach are an integrated required curriculum and innovative concepts such as "applied humanities scholars." In turn, systematic integration of humanities perspectives and ways of thinking into clinical training will usefully expand the range of metaphors and narratives available to reflect on medical practice and offer possibilities for deepening and strengthening professional education.

Philologie et critique génétique

OpenAIRE

Espagne, Michel

2013-01-01

Le mérite de la critique génétique est d’avoir rappelé dans un contexte français la nécessité d’étudier non seulement les textes littéraires tels que le public, simple lecteur ou étudiant s’assimilant sa propre tradition littéraire, a pu les percevoir, mais aussi l’atelier au sein duquel les textes ont été produits. La question de la relation entre critique génétique et philologie éditoriale est beaucoup plus facile à envisager dans un contexte francophone où la philologie, qui ne dispose que...

Hare's preference utilitarianism: an overview and critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Cardoso Simões

2013-08-01

Full Text Available My purpose in this paper is to summarize some aspects of utilitarianism and to provide a general overview of Hare's preference utilitarianism, followed by a critique of Hare's preference theory.

Les déterminants de la conversion à l'agriculture biologique: une revue de la littérature économique.

OpenAIRE

Geniaux , Ghislain; Latruffe , Laure; Lepoutre , Jerome; Mzoughi , Naoufel; Napoleone , Claude; Nauges , Celine; Sainte-Beuve , Jasmin; SAUTEREAU , Natacha

2010-01-01

Livrable 1 EPAB (Evolution des Performances et formes d'organisations innovantes dans les transitions vers l’Agriculture Biologique) PEPP (Rôle de la Performance Economique des exploitations et des filières, et des Politiques Publiques, dans le développement de l’agriculture biologique en France); On se propose dans ce document de passer en revue les travaux principalement en économie, visant à identifier les déterminants des conversions des exploitations à l’agriculture biologique. Les docum...

International Test Score Comparisons and Educational Policy: A Review of the Critiques

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Carnoy, Martin

2015-01-01

Stanford education professor Martin Carnoy examines four main critiques of how international test results are used in policymaking. Of particular interest are critiques of the policy analyses published by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Using average PISA scores as a comparative measure of student achievement is misleading…

A Reply to the Current Critiques Formulated Against Hoppe's Argumentation Ethics

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Marian Eabrasu

2009-03-01

Full Text Available This article responds to current critiques directed against Hoppe’s justification by performative contradiction of the self-ownership axiom. Maintaining that ethics should be grounded on sound principles, Hoppe observes that only self-ownership can pass the test of performative contradiction. From this idea, he concludes that only libertarianism (the ethical system grounded on the axiom of self-ownership can be justified. Any other ethic is self-defeating. An important debate in ethics was stimulated by numerous critiques formulated against the performative contradiction and more precisely against the use that Hoppe makes of it in justifying libertarianism. Without endorsing Hoppe’s argumentation, this article prevents some common misunderstandings, systemizes the types of critiques and thoroughly replies to them.

Designing for critique, designing for reflection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Løfgreen, Lars Bo

2010-01-01

litteraturliste og et stikordsregister. Bogen rummer kapitlerne: “Visual topography: analysing the visual context of an interactive interface” af Lise Agerbæk, “Designing (with) Creativity” af Heidi Philipsen, “Designing for critique, designing for reflection – the (re)emergence of aesthetics in current design...

The Rational-Emotive Approach: A Critique

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Morris, G. Barry

1976-01-01

The critique of Rational-Emotive Therapy aims criticism at Ellis' concept of irrationality, analysis of human behavior and therapeutic techniques. Ellis suggests that his critic's claims lack the support of experimental evidence. He further suggests that an "existential" bias pervades which differs from his own brand of…

Literaire strategieën: de drie satellieten van La Nouvelle Revue Française (1910-1914

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Maaike Koffeman

2000-12-01

Full Text Available La Nouvelle Revue Française, opgericht in 1908 door een groep schrijvers rond André Gide, is het belangrijkste Franse literaire maandblad van het interbellum geweest. In de jaren voorafgaand aan de Eerste Wereldoorlog is de reputatie van het tijdschrift nog relatief bescheiden, maar er is al wel een duidelijke progressie te constateren. Deze is niet alleen toe te schrijven aan de inhoudelijke kwaliteit van de bijdragen, maar vooral ook aan de manier waaorp de redactie het tijdschrift promoot. De oprichters bedienen zich van een 'mutimedia-strategie': zij ontwikkelen rond de NRF verschillende nevenactiviteiten om de naamsbekendheid van het tijdschrift te vergroten en zijn literatuuropvattingen onder een breder publiek te verspreiden. 

"Successful aging," gerontological theory and neoliberalism: a qualitative critique.

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Rubinstein, Robert L; de Medeiros, Kate

2015-02-01

This article is a critique of the successful aging (SA) paradigm as described in the Rowe and Kahn book, Successful Aging (1998). The major point of this article is that two key ideas in the book may be understood as consonant with neoliberalism, a social perspective that came into international prominence at the same time the SA paradigm was initially promoted. These two key ideas are (a) the emphasis on individual social action applied to the nature of the aging experience and (b) the failure to provide a detailed policy agenda for the social and cultural change being promoted and, particularly, for older adults who may be left behind by the approach to change the book suggests. The article provides no evidence for a direct connection between SA and neoliberalism, but rather shows how similarities in their approaches to social change characterize both of them. In sum, the article shows (a) how the implicit social theory developed in the book, in a manner similar to neoliberalism, elevates the individual as the main source of any changes that must accompany the SA paradigm and (b) the focus on SA as individual action does not provide for those older adults who do not or will not age "successfully." This, we conclude, implicitly sets up a two-class system of older adults, which may not be an optimal means of addressing the needs of all older adults. The article also reviews a number of studies about SA and shows how these, too, may emphasize its similarities to neoliberalism and other issues that the SA paradigm does not adequately address. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Poster Presentations: Conceptualizing, Constructing and Critiquing

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Newbrey, Michael G.; Baltezore, Joan M.

2006-01-01

Posters are commonly used as tools for disseminating information at scientific meetings, but many students lack an understanding of "good" poster characteristics. We present a set of characteristics for use in constructing posters for scientific meetings and classroom presentations along with tips on critiquing posters to enhance their…

Les effets potentiels du taping chez une population adulte souffrant d'un conflit sous-acromial

OpenAIRE

Roch, Sylvie; Thétaz, Alain; Balthazard, Pierre

2012-01-01

Introduction : Le conflit sous-acromial est une pathologie fréquente qui touche une grande partie de la population. Quelques revues de la littérature recommandent une prise en charge spécifique, mais peu d’études proposent le taping comme adjuvant aux traitements préconisés. Ainsi ce travail de bachelor a pour objectif de déterminer les effets potentiels du taping chez une population adulte souffrant de conflit sous-acromial. Méthodologie : Notre recherche d’études s’est effectuée de janvier ...

The silencing of Kierkegaard in Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement.

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Christiansen, Karin

2009-06-01

The main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an important part of Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement, which has been largely ignored in the discussion; namely his use of Kierkegaard's reflections on the existential conditions for becoming one-self from Either/or and the Sickness unto Death. It will be argued that, although Habermas presents some valuable and highly significant perspectives on the effect of genetic enhancement on the individual's self-understanding and ability to experience him- or herself as a free and equal individual, he does not succeed in working out a consistent argument. The claim is that he fails to explain how the existential analysis is related to his reflections on the sociological and psychological impacts of genetic enhancement in the realm of communicative action. It is this lack of theoretical clarity, which seems to render Habermas vulnerable to some of the critique which has been raised against his theory from a number of different scientific disciplines and areas of research. Hence, the first part of the paper provides some examples of the nature and variety of this critique, the second part presents Habermas' own critique of genetic enhancement in the context of a dispute between so-called 'liberal' and 'conservative' arguments, and finally, the third part discusses the limits and possibilities of his position in a future debate about genetic enhancement.

An Analysis of the Critique of Kant’s “Categorical”

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A Azhdar

2012-09-01

This rule underpins an important ethical school which is known as “Obligationism”. Although this school has attracted many scholars of ethics philosophy, there are also many critiques against it. This article aims to study and analyze “the critique of maximal categorical” in such school with regard to Islamic ethics in order to show that the attempts of those who have tried to prove the compatibility of this rule with Islamic ethics are in vain and lead to no result.

Les compétences infirmières forensiques en milieu carcéral face aux patients atteints de troubles mentaux: une revue de littérature étoffée

OpenAIRE

Davet, Eloïse; Friedli, Karen; Machuret, Bastien; Reyff, Marie de

2015-01-01

Le but de cette revue de littérature étoffée est de mettre en évidence les compétences des infirmières forensiques travaillant, en milieu carcéral, avec des patients atteints de troubles mentaux.

Auguste Comte’s Critique of Political Economy

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Gustavo Biscaia

2009-10-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to present Auguste Comte’s critique of the Political Economy of his time as well as the proposals for social reform flowing from it. The methodological framework is built up on the categories proposed by the History of Ideas, in particular those of M. Bevir and Q. Skinner. What we can refer to as “Comtian economic theory” can be found in his “Social Statics”, in the sections dealing with property and the material elements of society, and in his “Social Dynamics”, where reference is made to the interrelationships between political, social and economic changes throughout history. This economic theory establishes dialogs both with liberals and “communists”, on the one hand defending the need for property and on the other, arguing for the subordination of property to social needs and providing a severe critique of individualism. The theory has both direct and indirect consequences: on the one hand, society cannot be reduced to the “market” and the State cannot neglect economic fluctuations; on the other hand, the most immediate conflicts of interest between proletarians and “patricians” cannot deny the social origin of wealth, requiring moral and legal measures for the regulation and resolution of these conflicts. In this regard, Comte may be seen as a precursor of the Welfare State, or at least a theoretician of social justice. Keywords: Auguste Comte, Positivism, Sociology, critique of Political Economy, holist methodology, social justice.

From Cultural Deprivation to Individual Deficits: A Genealogy of Deficiency in Inuit Adult Education

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McLean, Scott

2016-01-01

Adult education programs are often grounded in problematic assumptions about learners' inadequacies. The purpose of this article is to critique such assumptions through presenting a history of the manner in which representatives of Canadian governments conceptualized the education of Inuit adults from the 1940s through the 1980s. Using…

Il y a critique et critique : épistémologie des modèles d’argumentation There is Critique and there is Critique: Epistemology of Argumentation Models

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Emmanuelle Danblon

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Cet article part d’un constat. La conception de la critique est toujours liée à l’épistémologie (souvent implicite des modèles d’analyse du discours. C’est à ce niveau que se situe le débat entre experts de ces disciplines. Je défends ensuite le modèle rhétorique en proposant d’insister sur sa dimension pratique laquelle est directement liée aux émotions et aux intuitions. Ainsi, la rhétorique est avant tout une technique est c’est dans cet aspect de la discipline qu’il faut chercher le cœur de sa rationalité. Je proposerai finalement d’ajouter ces nouveaux critères à une conception élargie de la raison humaine qui tienne compte également d’outils contemporains pour les analyses du discours.This paper claims that any conception of critique is necessarily linked with the (often implicit epistemology of models for Discourse Analysis. This is what actually underlies the debates of the experts in the discipline. I present here a defense of the rhetorical model - but at the same time, I propose to highlight its practical dimension, which is closely connected to emotions and intuitions. Thus rhetoric is, primarily, a technique. This aspect of the discipline lies at the very heart of its rationality. Such criteria should be added to an expanded conception of human reason which would take into account contemporary tools for Discourse Analysis.

Female visibility through Korean literature: Feminist theological critique

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Eun Ok Jeong

2003-10-01

Full Text Available This article introduces Korean women’s experience as seen through the lense of social and cultural backgrounds, from the premodern through to the postmodern era. Korean literature is used as a source to investigate Korean women’s experiences and perspectives. By means of feminist critique this article explores men-centered influences in Korean literature. It aims to illustrate the importance of the issue of female visibility through Korean literature from a Korean woman’s perspective. Two texts are analyzed and critiqued: the first is the myth of Korean origin. The second is a story of Gasi Gogi (a thorny fish. The article is intended to stimulate debate on gender, voices, and authority from a feminist perspective, in order to transcend the more traditional interpretations.

Objectifying user critique. A means of continuous quality assurance for physician discharge letter composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Oschem, M; Mahler, V; Prokosch, H U

2011-01-01

The aim of this study is to objectify user critique rendering it usable for quality assurance. Based on formative and summative evaluation results we strive to promote software improvements; in our case, the physician discharge letter composition process at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany. We developed a novel six-step approach to objectify user critique: 1) acquisition of user critique using subjectivist methods, 2) creation of a workflow model, 3) definition of hypothesis and indicators, 4) measuring of indicators, 5) analyzing results, 6) optimization of the system regarding both subjectivist and objectivist evaluation results. In particular, we derived indicators and workflows directly from user critique/narratives. The identified indicators were mapped onto workflow activities, creating a link between user critique and the evaluated system. Users criticized a new discharge letter system as "too slow" and "too labor-intensive" in comparison with the previously used system. In a stepwise approach we collected subjective user critique, derived a comprehensive process model including deviations and deduced a set of five indicators for objectivist evaluation: processing time, system-related waiting time, number of mouse clicks, number of keyboard inputs, and throughput time. About 3500 measurements have been performed to compare the workflow-steps of both systems, regarding 20 discharge letters. Although the difference of the mean total processing time between both systems was statistically insignificant (2011.7 s vs. 1971.5 s; p = 0.457), we detected a significant difference in waiting times (101.8 s vs. 37.2 s; p quality assurance. To our knowledge no previous study in medical informatics mapped user critique onto workflow steps. Subjectivist analysis prompted us to use the indicator system-related waiting time for the objectivist study, which was rarely done before. We consider combining subjectivist and objectivist methods

Feminist Critiques Against Traditional Approaches to Security

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Petrus Kanisius Farneubun, P.

Feminists claim that national security is a model of masculinity domination, which hardly disputed This essay addresses feminists critique on notion of conventional security and provides feminists own definition. It shows that feminists adopt comprehensive approach in relation to security. They tend

Towards a Critique of Political Democracy

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Mario Tronti

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Starting from the idea that democracy always binds together a practice of domination and a project of liberation, Tronti formulates the conditions for a critique of democracy that would permit a rebirth of political thought in the current conjuncture. Bringing the heterodox Marxist traditions of ‘workerism’ and the ‘autonomy of the political’ together with the feminist thinking of difference, Tronti underscores the identitarian tendencies of democracy and the difficulties of combining democracy with a genuine notion of freedom. For Tronti, democracy is increasingly synonymous with the pervasiveness of capitalism understood as ‘bourgeois society’, and the victory of ‘real democracy’ (as one might speak of ‘real socialism’ is the sociological victory of the bourgeoisie. The homo oeconomicus and the homo democraticus are fused into the dominant figure of democracy, the ‘mass bourgeois’. Against the depoliticizing consequences of ‘democratic Empire’, Tronti proposes a profound rethinking of our notion of politics, one which should not shy from reconsidering the elitist critiques of democracy.

The Ambivalence of Creative Activism as a Reorganization of Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harrebye, Silas

2015-01-01

This article identifies an emerging type of critique and defines it as creative activism. It is argued why this is distinguishable from earlier similar forms of protests and shown why traditional theories of political art, social movements and citizenship are in themselves insufficient to accurat......This article identifies an emerging type of critique and defines it as creative activism. It is argued why this is distinguishable from earlier similar forms of protests and shown why traditional theories of political art, social movements and citizenship are in themselves insufficient...

Kantian Feeling: Empirical Psychology, Transcendental Critique, and Phenomenology

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Patrick Frierson

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the relationship between empirical psychology, transcendental critique, and phenomenology in Kant’s discussion of respect for the moral law, particularly as that is found in the Critique of Practical Reason. I first offer an empirical-psychological reading of moral respect, in the context of which I distinguish transcendental and empirical perspectives on moral action and defend H. J. Paton’s claim that moral motivation can be seen from two points of view, where “from one point of view, [respect] is the cause of our action, but from another point of view the moral law is its ground.” Then, after a discussion of a distinction between first- and second-order transcendental/practical perspectives where reasons for action are first-order practical judgments while the conditions of possibility for those reasons’ authority are expressed in second-order judgments, I turn to a third kind of perspective: the properly phenomenological one. I explain the general notion of Kantian phenomenology with an example of the experience of time from Kant’s Anthropology before applying this to a phenomenological reading of the discussion of respect in the Critique of Practical Reason. I end by noting that on my account, in contrast to that of Jeanine Grenberg, the distinctive phenomenology of respect is not systematically important for grounding claims in moral philosophy.

Critical Appraisal of Information on the Web in Practice: Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge, Reported Use, and Behaviour / Évaluation critique de l’information sur la toile : une vision pratique : les connaissances des étudiants de premier cycle, leur uti

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Neil R. Hogan

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Undergraduates use a wide range of information resources for academic and nonacademic purposes, including web sites that range from credible, peer reviewed, online journal sites, to biased and inaccurate promotional web sites. Students are taught basic critical appraisal skills, but do they apply these skills to make decisions about information in different web sites? In an experimental setting, undergraduate students examined pairs of web sites containing conflicting information based on different aspects of critical appraisal, namely credibility of the author of the information, purpose of the web site, and last update of the site, and answered multiple choice questions about the conflicting information. Results indicated that students failed to use critical appraisal criteria, and that while knowledge of and self-reported use of these criteria were related to each other, they were not related to behaviour. This research demonstrates the need for alternative strategies for critical appraisal instruction and assessment. Les étudiants de premier cycle consultent une vaste gamme de sources d’information à des fins universitaires et non universitaires, y compris des sites Web allant de revues en ligne crédibles et évaluées par des pairs à des sites Web promotionnels partials et inexacts. On enseigne aux étudiants des méthodes de base d’évaluation critique, mais mettent-ils ces méthodes en pratique pour prendre des décisions relativement à l’information tirée de différents sites Web? Dans un cadre expérimental, les étudiants de premier cycle ont étudié des paires de sites Web contenant des informations contradictoires en se fondant sur différents aspects de l’évaluation critique, notamment la crédibilité de l’auteur de l’information, l’intention du site Web et la dernière mise à jour du site, et ont répondu à des questions à choix multiples concernant les informations contradictoires. Les r

Comment fournir des soins infirmiers de qualité aux personnes migrantes de culture différente ?: une revue de littérature étoffée

OpenAIRE

Conus, Emilie; Niggli, Martin

2013-01-01

Cette revue de littérature étoffée s’insère dans une problématique traitant du contexte migratoire actuel et des répercussions que cela a sur les soins infirmiers. En effet, elle porte sur les compétences infirmières lors de la prise en charge des patients migrants issus de culture différente.

“Successful Aging,” Gerontological Theory and Neoliberalism: A Qualitative Critique

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Rubinstein, Robert L.; de Medeiros, Kate

2015-01-01

This article is a critique of the successful aging (SA) paradigm as described in the Rowe and Kahn book, Successful Aging (1998). The major point of this article is that two key ideas in the book may be understood as consonant with neoliberalism, a social perspective that came into international prominence at the same time the SA paradigm was initially promoted. These two key ideas are (a) the emphasis on individual social action applied to the nature of the aging experience and (b) the failure to provide a detailed policy agenda for the social and cultural change being promoted and, particularly, for older adults who may be left behind by the approach to change the book suggests. The article provides no evidence for a direct connection between SA and neoliberalism, but rather shows how similarities in their approaches to social change characterize both of them. In sum, the article shows (a) how the implicit social theory developed in the book, in a manner similar to neoliberalism, elevates the individual as the main source of any changes that must accompany the SA paradigm and (b) the focus on SA as individual action does not provide for those older adults who do not or will not age “successfully.” This, we conclude, implicitly sets up a two-class system of older adults, which may not be an optimal means of addressing the needs of all older adults. The article also reviews a number of studies about SA and shows how these, too, may emphasize its similarities to neoliberalism and other issues that the SA paradigm does not adequately address. PMID:25161262

"With Grace under Pressure": How Critique as Signature Pedagogy Fosters Effective Music Performance

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Hastings, David M.

2017-01-01

Inspired by seminal writings on Critique as Signature Pedagogy in the Arts and performance as Signature Pedagogy in Music, this article unifies these two concepts into a study of how critique as signature pedagogy in music-performance promotes student learning. This essay seeks to first define the notion of different mindsets as musicians perform…

A critique of statistical hypothesis testing in clinical research

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Somik Raha

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Many have documented the difficulty of using the current paradigm of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs to test and validate the effectiveness of alternative medical systems such as Ayurveda. This paper critiques the applicability of RCTs for all clinical knowledge-seeking endeavors, of which Ayurveda research is a part. This is done by examining statistical hypothesis testing, the underlying foundation of RCTs, from a practical and philosophical perspective. In the philosophical critique, the two main worldviews of probability are that of the Bayesian and the frequentist. The frequentist worldview is a special case of the Bayesian worldview requiring the unrealistic assumptions of knowing nothing about the universe and believing that all observations are unrelated to each other. Many have claimed that the first belief is necessary for science, and this claim is debunked by comparing variations in learning with different prior beliefs. Moving beyond the Bayesian and frequentist worldviews, the notion of hypothesis testing itself is challenged on the grounds that a hypothesis is an unclear distinction, and assigning a probability on an unclear distinction is an exercise that does not lead to clarity of action. This critique is of the theory itself and not any particular application of statistical hypothesis testing. A decision-making frame is proposed as a way of both addressing this critique and transcending ideological debates on probability. An example of a Bayesian decision-making approach is shown as an alternative to statistical hypothesis testing, utilizing data from a past clinical trial that studied the effect of Aspirin on heart attacks in a sample population of doctors. As a big reason for the prevalence of RCTs in academia is legislation requiring it, the ethics of legislating the use of statistical methods for clinical research is also examined.

Toward Conceptualising Cultural Diversity: An Indigenous Critique.

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Manu'atu, Linita; Kepa, Mere

This paper, written from the perspectives of indigenous Maori and Tongan researchers, critiques the Auckland Secondary Schools Principals Association's (ASSPA) perspective that culture disrupts students' schooling. It discusses the relations of schooling to the cultural and political forces inside and outside of school; the relations of indigenous…

Bruno Latour, actor-networks, and the critique of critical sociology

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Spasić Ivana

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes the theoretical opus of Bruno Latour and his treatment of the concept of critique. In the first section "actor-network theory" is presented through its key notions (actant, network, translation, associations together with Latour’s theory of modernity. In the second section various aspects of the relation between Latour and critique are discussed - first his own criticism of others (standard sociology and especially "critical", i.e. Bourdieu’s sociology, then the criticisms aimed at his work, to conclude with the political ambivalences of Latour’s attempt to develop an "acritical" social theory. .

A Feminist Critique of Solution-Focused Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Dermer, Shannon B.; Hemesath, Crystal Wilhite; Russell, Candyce S.

1998-01-01

Applying the feminist critique to solution-focused therapy highlights the strengths and weaknesses of this model from a feminist perspective. Although solution-focused therapy and feminist approaches share an emphasis on competence and strengths, solution-focused theory tends to overlook gender and power differences. In general, the model falls…

Out of time : the limits of secular critique

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Randell-Moon, Holly

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A review of Talal Asad, Wendy Brown, Judith Butler, Saba Mahmood, 'Is critique secular? Blasphemy, injury, and free speech' and Michael Warner, Jonathan Vanantwerpen, and Craig Calhoun (eds, 'Varieties of secularism in a secular age'.

Maternal Depression and Developmental Disability: Research Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Bailey, Donald B., Jr.; Golden, Robert N.; Roberts, Jane; Ford, Amy

2007-01-01

Maternal depression in families having a child with a disability has been the subject of considerable research over the past 25 years. This review was designed to describe the literature on maternal depression, critique its research methodology, identify consensus findings across studies, and make recommendations for future research. A particular…

Brouillons scolaires et critique génétique : nouveaux regards, nouveaux égards ?

OpenAIRE

Fabre-Cols, Claudine

2011-01-01

En s’interrogeant sur ce qui a commencé de changer dans la réflexion et les pratiques en didactique de l’écriture depuis la prise en compte de la critique génétique au début des années quatre-vingt, l’auteur dégage un bilan en trois points : La critique génétique propose un ancrage théorique et une méthode d'analyse des activités d'écriture.La critique génétique permet de (se) représenter toute écriture comme un travail et une recherche.La critique génétique place le sujet scripteur au centre...

JournalBase - Une étude comparative internationale des bases de données des revues scientifiques en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS

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Christine Kosmopoulos

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Pour la première fois en 2009 ont été ici présentés dans un tableau comparatif les contenus des bases de données qui recensent les revues en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS, du Web of Science (publié par Thomson Reuters et de Scopus (publié par Elsevier ainsi que des listes de référence European Reference Index for Humanities (ERIH (publiée par la Fondation européenne pour la Science et de l'AERES. Avec quelque 20 000 entrées, c’est une vue quasi exhaustive de la richesse des publications en sciences humaines et sociales qui est enfin apportée par ce tableau. La nomenclature adoptée pour classer les revues par discipline est celle en 27 postes de la Fondation Européenne pour la Science. Les affectations multiples révèlent la multidisciplinarité des revues, assez fréquente en SHS, mais parfois aussi les incohérences des bases de données qui n’ont pas été rectifiées.La recherche a été réalisée en 2008 avec le soutien financier du TGE Adonis du CNRS.Une mise à jour prochaine sera proposée en ligne.L’objectif final de ce projet, qui concerne l'ensemble de la communauté internationale en SHS, était de mettre en ligne, en version bilingue anglais/français, la base de données de JournalBase en mode interactif sur une plate-forme collaborative ainsi que le rapport final de l’étude, afin que les décideurs, les scientifiques, les experts de l'information scientifique disposent d’informations à jour et qu’ils puissent contribuer à faire avancer la réflexion sur ces questions, par l’échange d’expériences et de bonnes pratiques d’utilisation.Un article présentant l'historique du projet, la méthodologie mise en place et les difficultés rencontrées dans la comparaison des données a été publié le 8 janvier 2010. Il analyse également les premiers résultats.Désormais vous pouvez accéder à l'information intégrale de JournalBase sur le site : http://journalbase.cnrs.fr

Critical and sub-critical experiments on U-BeO lattices; Experiences critiques et sous-critiques sur reseaux U-BeO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benoist, P.; Gourdon, Ch.; Martelly, J.; Sagot, M.; Wanner, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Deniz, V.; Joshi, B.V.; Sahai, K. [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay (India)

1958-07-01

Sub-critical experiments have allowed us to measure the material buckling of uranium natural oxide of beryllium lattices with a grid of 15 cm, and made up of uranium bars measuring 2.60 - 2.92 - 3.56 and 4.40 cm of diameter. A critical experiment has then been conducted with hollow 1.35 per cent enriched uranium bars. A study of U-BeO 18.03 cm grid lattices is at present being conducted. (author)Fren. [French] Nous avons mesure par des experiences sous-critiques le laplacien matiere de reseaux uranium naturel-oxyde de beryllium, dont la maille carree a un pas de 15 cm, realises avec des barreaux d'uranium de diametres 2,60 - 2,92 - 3,56 - 4,40 cm. Une experience critique a ete faite ensuite avec des barres creuses d'uranium enrichi a 1,35 pour cent; l'etude des reseaux U-BeO de pas 18,03 cm est actuellement en cours. (auteur)

Critical and sub-critical experiments on U-BeO lattices; Experiences critiques et sous-critiques sur reseaux U-BeO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benoist, P; Gourdon, Ch; Martelly, J; Sagot, M; Wanner, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Deniz, V; Joshi, B V; Sahai, K [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay (India)

1958-07-01

Sub-critical experiments have allowed us to measure the material buckling of uranium natural oxide of beryllium lattices with a grid of 15 cm, and made up of uranium bars measuring 2.60 - 2.92 - 3.56 and 4.40 cm of diameter. A critical experiment has then been conducted with hollow 1.35 per cent enriched uranium bars. A study of U-BeO 18.03 cm grid lattices is at present being conducted. (author)Fren. [French] Nous avons mesure par des experiences sous-critiques le laplacien matiere de reseaux uranium naturel-oxyde de beryllium, dont la maille carree a un pas de 15 cm, realises avec des barreaux d'uranium de diametres 2,60 - 2,92 - 3,56 - 4,40 cm. Une experience critique a ete faite ensuite avec des barres creuses d'uranium enrichi a 1,35 pour cent; l'etude des reseaux U-BeO de pas 18,03 cm est actuellement en cours. (auteur)

The Madoffization of Irish society: from Ponzi finance to sociological critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Monaghan, Lee F; O'Flynn, Micheal

2017-12-01

Financialization and neoliberal policy created the Celtic Tiger. This economic 'miracle' furthered creditors' and property developers' speculative interests, leading to an unstable financial pyramid that eventually imploded in 2008 with catastrophic consequences for Irish society. Using the sociological imagination as social critique, this paper offers a lens on fictitious capital and Ponzi finance in the context of Ireland's boom and bust. Critique is advanced using the Madoffization of society thesis, a sociological heuristic that draws formal comparisons between Bernie Madoff's US$65 billion Ponzi scheme, which collapsed in 2008, and financialized capitalism. The Madoff case exhibits five main elements or forms which, it has been argued, underlie the varying content of life on a much broader scale: accumulation by debt expansion, mass deception, efforts to maintain secrecy and silence, obfuscation, and scapegoating. In conclusion, a crucial difference between the Madoff case and the Madoffization of Irish society is underscored. Discussion also moves from critique to hope amidst calls to renew sociology and transform financialized capitalism. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

Putting the Steam Back into Critique? "Gathering" for Critical-Dissensual Collaborations in Education Policy Research

Science.gov (United States)

Heimans, Stephen; Singh, Parlo

2018-01-01

Bruno Latour famously asked, "Why has critique run out of steam?". In this paper we draw on his ideas to present some resources for "gathering"--for doing education policy research with others--which we term "critical-dissensual collaboration". We believe that our education policy research "critique from…

Atoms Want to Be Free Too! Expanding the Critique of Intellectual Property to Physical Goods

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Johan Söderberg

2012-01-01

Full Text Available “Atoms are the new bits”. That is the latest buzz arising from the Californian trade press. What do we get when this dictum is sampled with the old rallying cry: “Information wants to be free”? We suggest that the predominant, bounded critique of intellectual property is thereby destabilised. Constitutive of that critique was the exceptionality attributed to information goods (bits vis-a-vis tangible goods (atoms. It was thus intellectual property could be presented as something altogether different from private property. We recognise that this way of framing the issue has had tactical advantages, but contend that it has stood in the way of a deeper understanding of what intellectual property is. When the critique of proprietary software is expanded by an emerging movement for open hardware development, however, the boundary between intellectual property and property as such crumbles. This enables us to renew our critique of the political economy of information.

A critique of the ontology of consumer enchantment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østergaard, Per; Fitchett, James; Jantzen, Christian

2013-01-01

The concept of enchantment offers a plausible explanation of the lures and thrills of consumer culture. We examine the theoretical foundation of the concept through a critique of Ritzer's enchantment thesis. We begin by assessing the enchantment/disenchantment discourse through a review of the main...

L'apprentissage des langues médiatisé par les technologies (ALMT – Étude d'un domaine de recherche émergent à travers les publications de la revue Alsic Technology-mediated language learning: an emergent research domain under study through the review of a French scientific journal's publications

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Nicolas Guichon

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Dans cette étude, il est postulé que l'apprentissage des langues médiatisé par les technologies (ALMT est un domaine de recherche qui s'intéresse au développement et à l'intégration des technologies dans l'enseignement-apprentissage d'une langue. Ce domaine étant émergent, la présente recherche vise tout d'abord à comprendre comment s'est formée la communauté de chercheurs autour de cet objet. Puis, à travers l'analyse critique de 79 articles publiés dans la revue en ligne francophone Alsic entre 1998 et 2010, la présente contribution s'emploie à définir les contours épistémologiques de ce domaine en étudiant les moyens de production de connaissance.In this study, it is postulated that technology mediated language learning is a research domain that focuses on the design and integration of technologies for language learning and teaching. Because this domain is emergent, the present study first aims at understanding how a community of researchers has developed around this object. Then, thanks to the critical analysis of 79 articles published in Alsic, a French-speaking online journal, the present article endeavours to define the epistemological contours of this research domain by studying the means employed to produce knowledge.

Le modele de Hubbard bidimensionnel a faible couplage: Thermodynamique et phenomenes critiques

Science.gov (United States)

Roy, Sebastien

Une etude systematique du modele de Hubbard en deux dimensions a faible couplage a l'aide de la theorie Auto-Coherente a Deux Particules (ACDP) dans le diagramme temperature-dopage-interaction-sauts permet de mettre en evidence l'influence des fluctuations magnetiques sur les proprietes thermodynamiques du systeme electronique sur reseau. Le regime classique renormalise a temperature finie pres du dopage nul est marque par la grandeur de la longueur de correlation de spin comparee a la longueur thermique de de Broglie et est caracterisee par un accroissement drastique de la longueur de correlation de spin. Cette croissance exponentielle a dopage nul marque la presence d'un pic de chaleur specifique en fonction de la temperature a basse temperature. Une temperature de crossover est alors associee a la temperature a laquelle la longueur de correlation de spin est egale a la longueur thermique de de Broglie. C'est a cette temperature caracteristique, ou est observee l'ouverture du pseudogap dans le poids spectral, que se situe le maximum du pic de chaleur specifique. La presence de ce pic a des consequences sur l'evolution du potentiel chimique avec le dopage lorsque l'uniformite thermodynamique est respectee. Les contraintes imposees par les lois de la thermodynamique font en sorte que l'evolution du potentiel chimique avec le dopage est non triviale. On demontre entre autres que le potentiel chimique est proportionnel a la double occupation qui est reliee au moment local. Par ailleurs, une derivation de la fonction de mise a l'echelle de la susceptibilite de spin a frequence nulle au voisinage d'un point critique marque sans equivoque la presence d'un point critique quantique en dopage pour une valeur donnee de l'interaction. Ce point critique, associe a une transition de phase magnetique en fonction du dopage a temperature nulle, induit un comportement non trivial sur les proprietes physiques du systeme a temperature finie. L'approche quantitative ACDP permet de

Boot Camps: A Critique and a Proposed Alternative.

Science.gov (United States)

Salerno, Anthony W.

1994-01-01

Explores origins of boot camp concept and application of its principles to juvenile delinquents. Offers eight-point critique of concept itself. Concludes with alternative: combination of intermittent incarceration (lasting at least six months and comprised of "no frills" camp for one week, followed by weekends gradually spaced further…

On Alain Badiou’s ‘Critique of Religion’

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Karlsen, Mads Peter

2018-01-01

This paper examines Alain Badiou’s critical engagement with religion. It is argued that there are two central points at which religion enters the scene of Badiou’s philosophy. First, in his critique, the ‘motif of finitude’ Badiou repeatedly refers to religion, claiming that ‘the obsession with f...

Automated Guidance for Thermodynamics Essays: Critiquing versus Revisiting

Science.gov (United States)

Donnelly, Dermot F.; Vitale, Jonathan M.; Linn, Marcia C.

2015-01-01

Middle school students struggle to explain thermodynamics concepts. In this study, to help students succeed, we use a natural language processing program to analyze their essays explaining the aspects of thermodynamics and provide guidance based on the automated score. The 346 sixth-grade students were assigned to either the critique condition…

How to Rage Against the Dying of the Light? A Critique of Ritzer's McDonaldization Thesis.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A. Peper (Bram)

1996-01-01

textabstractRitzer presents his 'The McDonalization of Society' as a social critique on the nationalization of modern society. In this article I will analyze the underlying assumptions of his critique. By means of a meta-theoretical analysis, I examine Ritzer's views on modernity and rationality.

A critique of cannabis legalization proposals in Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalant, Harold

2016-08-01

An editorial in this issue describes a cannabis policy framework document issued by a major Canadian research centre, calling for legalization of non-medical use under strict controls to prevent increase in use, especially by adolescents and young adults who are most vulnerable to adverse effects of cannabis. It claims that such a system would eliminate the severe personal, social and monetary costs of prohibition, diminish the illicit market, and provide more humane management of cannabis use disorders. It claims that experience with regulation of alcohol and tobacco will enable a system based on public health principles to control access of youth to cannabis without the harm caused by prohibition. The present critique argues that the claims made against decriminalization and for legalization are unsupported, or even contradicted, by solid evidence. Early experience in other jurisdictions suggests that legalization increases use by adolescents and its attendant harms. Regulation of alcohol use does not provide a good model for cannabis controls because there is widespread alcohol use and harm among adolescents and young adults. Government monopolies of alcohol sale have been used primarily as sources of revenue rather than for guarding public health, and no reason has been offered to believe they would act differently with respect to cannabis. Good policy decisions require extensive unbiased information about the individual and social benefits and costs of both drug use and proposed control measures, and value judgments about the benefit/harm balance of each option. Important parts of the necessary knowledge about cannabis are not yet available, so that the value judgments are not yet possible. Therefore, a better case can be made for eliminating some of the harms of prohibition by decriminalization of cannabis possession and deferring decision about legalization until the necessary knowledge has been acquired. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cotation des revues de géographie, impérialisme scientifique anglo-saxon et culture de l’excellence marchandisée Rankings of geographical journals, Anglo-Saxon scientific imperialism, and merchandised scientific excellence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Vandermotten

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Plus encore que d’autres sciences, du fait de l’inscription de ses recherches dans le local comme dans le global, la géographie souffre de la domination de la littérature anglo-saxonne dite internationale contrôlée par de grands groupes éditoriaux. Sur la base d’un dépouillement de 787 titres de revues géographiques et de l’analyse de leurs cotations, le biais de notoriété apparaît flagrant en faveur des revues publiées en anglais par les grands éditeurs commerciaux, sans commune mesure avec la qualité intrinsèque des publications. En outre, un biais est aussi évident en faveur des revues thématiques spécialisées, très souvent non spécifiquement géographiques, aux dépens des revues de géographie générale et des études régionales. Le recours à l’open access apparaît comme une des réponses de pays latins (France, Espagne, Brésil, Roumanie à cette domination. Cette contribution s’inscrit pleinement dans les efforts de l’Union Géographique Internationale de promouvoir une diffusion équilibrée et diversifiée de la recherche géographique mondiale.Yet more than for other sciences, due to researches coupling local and global, geography suffers from the domination of the “international” Anglo-Saxon literature controlled by the big publishers. On the basis of the collection of 787 geographical journals and the analysis of their rankings, a bias appears to be evident in favour of the journals published in English by the big commercial publishers, not related to the specific quality of the papers. Moreover, another bias is obvious in favour of the specialised topical journals, very often not specifically geographical ones, at the expense of the general geographical and area studies journals. The development of open access journals seems to be an answer of some Latin countries (France, Spain, Brazil, Romania to this imperialistic challenge. This paper is fully on line with the endeavours of the

Being Itself and the Being of Beings : Reading Aristotle’s Critique of Parmenides (Physics 1.3) after Metaphysics

OpenAIRE

Backman, Jussi

2018-01-01

The essay studies Aristotle’s critique of Parmenides (Physics 1.3) in the light of the Heideggerian account of Platonic-Aristotelian metaphysics as an approach to being (Sein) in terms of beings (das Seiende). Aristotle’s critique focuses on the presuppositions of the Parmenidean thesis of the unity of being. It is argued that a close study of the presuppositions of Aristotle’s own critique reveals an important difference between the Aristotelian metaphysical framework and the ...

Introduction au numéro

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François L’Italien

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Ce dossier de la revue Interventions économiques a pour objectif de présenter des voies de renouveau de l'analyse des industries. Délaissé depuis plusieurs années, ce niveau d’analyse revient en force et montre ici toute son utilité, aussi bien sur le plan de la construction des politiques de développement économique que de la formation de chercheurs sur l'économie du Québec. Des travaux hétérodoxes d'inspiration institutionnaliste ou encore des approches critiques du management ont mis en év...

Présentation

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Stéphane Haber

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Les articles réunis dans ce dossier de la revue Astérion portent sur la première génération de la Théorie critique (dont Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Theodor W. Adorno, Herbert Marcuse et Erich Fromm constituent sans doute les figures principales. Ils se concentrent plus précisément sur les contributions philosophiques qui marquèrent la période ouverte par l’accession de Horkheimer à la direction de l’Institut de recherches sociales (1931 et close par la publication en 1944 de Dialektik...

Critique of the Communication Audit from the Academic Researcher's Perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Sincoff, Michael Z.; Goyer, Robert S.

The history of the International Communication Association's Communication Audit is briefly reviewed, and possible benefits and pitfalls of the approach are discussed. Certain assumptions and methods underlying the Communicaton Audit are critiqued. (AA)

Ethics as Critique: Foucault’s Contribution to Research Ethics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Gerd

The aim of my talk is to discuss how we can consider Michel Foucault’s concept of ethos and his endeavor for endless critique as an important contribution to research ethics in educational research. First, I intend to outline Foucault’s concept of ethos and its link to his concept of critique....... Second, I intend to demonstrate how it can fruitfully be applied to the established research ethics within qualitative research. This will occur through examples culled from a qualitative research project on the application of project studies (PBL) as a method at two Danish universities. The findings...... students. This had a significant impact on the possibilities and educational success of the students: while some students were marginalized or even excluded from the groups (and maybe even from the university) others were subjectivated as successful students. Thus, the findings points at ethics in general...

On the Genealogy of Kitsch and the Critique of Ideology: A Reflection on Method

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Andrius Bielskis

2018-02-01

Full Text Available This paper examines similarities and differences between the genealogical approach to social critique and the Marxist critique of ideology. Given the key methodological aspects of Michel Foucault’s genealogy—the fusion of power and discourse and the Nietzschean notion of the aesthetization of life—the paper argues that Hollywood kitsch maybe interpreted as a new dispositif. A key task of the genealogy of kitsch is to analyze the effects of fake Hollywood narratives: how they form and normalize us, what kind of subjectivities they produce, and what type of social relations they create. La La Land, a 2016 American musical, is discussed as a way of illustration. Theorists of the Frankfurt School also advanced their critiques of the popular culture and its forms of kitsch; yet they followed Marx and his conception of ideology. The paper concludes that the differences between genealogy and the critique of ideology are philosophical. Foucault rejected the Marxist conception of history and the notion of ideology as false consciousness. Kitsch, for a genealogist, is formative rather than repressive; it makes people pursue banal dreams. For a Marxist critic, popular culture as a form of ideology dulls our critical capacities and, therefore, leaves the status quo of alienation intact.

Une espérance post-critique ? Enjeux critiques de la conception ricœurienne de l'imaginaire social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PEGGY AVEZ

2014-12-01

Full Text Available RésuméLa fondation anthropologique de la fonction critique – socialement endossée par l’imaginaire utopique – et son lien dynamique avec la tâche intégrative de l’idéologie permettent à Ricœur de repenser sur le plan socio-politique la double nécessité du soupçon et de l’espérance. En reliant l’analyse de la structure contradictoire et analogisante de l’imaginaire social aux perspectives antérieurement développées sur “la liberté selon l’espérance,” notre propos vise à expliciter ses enjeux émancipateurs. Les apories auxquelles les médiations symboliques contraignent l’agir doivent nourrir la double nécessité d’un “devoir de vigilance” et d’une “timide espérance”: telle est à la fois la difficulté irréductible et la force critique de l’analyse ricœurienne de l’imagination socialisante.Mots-clés: imaginaire social, critique, idéologie, utopie, espérance.AbstractThe anthropological foundation of the critical function—endorsed by the utopian imaginary—and its dynamic relation with the integrative task of ideology allow Ricœur to rethink, at a social and political level, the necessity of both suspicion and hope. Linking Ricœur’s analysis of the contradictory and analogizing structure of the social imaginary to perspectives on “freedom in the light of hope,” which were developed earlier, it is my intention to make explicit certain emancipatory issues. The aporiae to which symbolic mediations constrict acting must provide for the necessity of both an “obligation for vigilance” and a “tentative hope.” Such is the irreducible difficulty but also the critical force of Ricœur’s analysis of the socializing imagination.Keywords: Social Imaginary, Criticism, Ideology, Utopia, Hope.

Competence-Based Education and the Limitations of Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Richard

2016-01-01

Drawing upon the work of Foucault and Latour, this article reflects on 25 years of critique of competence-based education and its continuing strength as a way of framing education and training. Using an example from England, it rehearses the argument from Foucault that, despite its student-centred discourse, competence-based education can be…

Affective methodologies and experimenting with affirmative critiques of educational leadership

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Staunæs, Dorthe

concerns suitable methodologies for researching and experiments with affirmative critique of these new forms of educational leadership. In order not to just to ‘quote’, celebrate or reject this affective agenda, I ask how post-human, intra-active and performative approaches developed in Nordic feminist...... and anti-racist education studies may assist in experimenting with concepts and research formats, interrogate the (unforeseen) effects of affects and affective economies intertwined with new forms of educational leadership, and thereby formulate affirmative critiques of these new types of psy-leadership.......This paper will focus upon the identification of suitable and experimental methodologies for interrogating ‘the affective turn’ in European educational leadership. As an answer to the global GERM and the plea for improving learning outcomes, educational leadership in countries like Denmark seems...

An ideology critique of the use-value of mathematics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pais, Alexandre

2013-01-01

the majority of this literature commends the possibility of transfer, thus assuming both the desirability of transfer and the importance of school mathematics for the professional and mundane lives of individuals, I am interested in developing an ideology critique on the beliefs underpinning the research...

(Re)igniting a Sociological Imagination in Adult Education: The Continuing Relevance of Classical Theory

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Lange, Elizabeth

2015-01-01

This article argues that sociology has been a foundational discipline for the field of adult education, but it has been largely implicit, until recently. This article contextualizes classical theories of sociology within contemporary critiques, reviews the historical roots of sociology and then briefly introduces the classical theories…

What's Missing When Empowerment Is a Purpose for Adult Literacies Education? Bourdieu, Gee and the Problem of Accounting for Power

Science.gov (United States)

Galloway, Sarah

2015-01-01

This writing critiques the idea that literacies education can and should empower adult learners. The ideas of Pierre Bourdieu and James Paul Gee are analysed with reference to how power and empowerment are understood and what this means for the concrete practice of adult literacies education by educators and students. My concern is that their…

Max Weber's Critique of the Bureaucratisation of Education

Science.gov (United States)

Madan, Amman

2014-01-01

In this commentary, the author discusses the critique by Max Weber and his views on bureaucratisation of education. The modern school, said Max Weber (1864-1920) over a hundred years ago, has as its educational ideal the bureaucrat and no longer the cultivated elite of older times. The shift to modernity and to its characteristic institution, the…

Dialectic of the university: a critique of instrumental reason in graduate nursing education.

Science.gov (United States)

Petrovskaya, Olga; McDonald, Carol; McIntyre, Marjorie

2011-10-01

Our analysis in this paper unfolds on two levels: a critique of the 'realities' of graduate nursing education and an argument to sustain its 'ideals'. We open for discussion an aspect of graduate nursing education dominated by instrumental reason, namely the research industry, using an internal critique approach developed by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno of the Early Frankfurt School. As we explain, internal critique arises out of, and relies on, the mismatch between goals, or 'ideals', and existing realities. Thinking about 'ideals' of the academy, we draw on Hans-Georg Gadamer's view of the university as a place to think freely, creatively, and critically. The contemporary realities of the university, on the other hand, that emphasize the market values of the research industry forcefully shape nursing academic scholarship in a particular direction. In our attempt to recognize and disrupt the forces of the research industry with its instrumental reason, we consider Judith Butler's writings on how norms operate in society. We show that our growing involvement in the research industry makes it very difficult to disentangle ourselves from that situation. The values of the research industry actually suppress the very ideals of education and scholarship that we would like to uphold. As a contra-force, the internal critique of the 'existing realities' in the graduate nursing education unmasks the tyranny of the research industry and makes visible the importance of sustaining the higher goals and ideals in nursing scholarship. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Critique: A Communicative Event in Design Education--A Qualitative Research on Western Faculty and Asian Students

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Ho Lan Helena

2011-01-01

Critique is a communicative and sociable event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Students often find it difficult to explain their work and articulate their thoughts because most design knowledge is tacit by nature. If design is about new concepts, then in a critique, students have to describe and clearly present…

What has become of critique? Reassembling sociology after Latour.

Science.gov (United States)

Mills, Tom

2017-09-06

This paper offers a defence of sociology through an engagement with Actor Network Theory (ANT) and particularly the critique of 'critical' and politically engaged social science developed by Bruno Latour. It argues that ANT identifies some weaknesses in more conventional sociology and social theory, and suggests that 'critical' and 'public' orientated sociologists can learn from the analytical precision and ethnographic sensibilities that characterize ANT as a framework of analysis and a research programme. It argues, however, that Latour et al. have too hastily dispensed with 'critique' in favour of a value neutral descriptive sociology, and that the symmetrical and horizontalist approach adopted in ANT is particularly ill-suited to the development of scientific knowledge about social structures. It argues that a more straightforwardly realist sociology would share many of the strengths of ANT whilst being better able to interrogate, empirically and normatively, the centres of contemporary social power. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

Codeswitching and Generative Grammar: A Critique of the MLF Model and Some Remarks on "Modified Minimalism"

Science.gov (United States)

MacSwan, Jeff

2005-01-01

This article presents an empirical and theoretical critique of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model (Myers-Scotton, 1993; Myers-Scotton and Jake, 2001), and includes a response to Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross's (2002) (JMSG) critique of MacSwan (1999, 2000) and reactions to their revision of the MLF model as a "modified minimalist approach." The…

Littérature et sciences sociales dans l’espace romand, à propos d’un numéro de la revue A Contrario

OpenAIRE

Provenzano, François

2007-01-01

La belle revue A Contrario consacre son dernier numéro (disponible en ligne) aux croisements variés entre la littérature et les sciences sociales, en particulier dans l’espace romand. Il ne s’agit pas, au fil de la dizaine de contributions qui constituent le dossier, de dégager un modèle théorique unique qui permettrait de penser l’articulation entre ces deux champs de connaissance. L’intérêt de ce numéro spécial tient précisément au fait qu’il propose une très riche variété de points de vue ...

Sinnott-Armstrong's Empirical Challenge to Moral Intuitionism : A Novel Critique

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hermann, J.S.

This paper provides a novel critique of Walter Sinnott-Armstrong’s influential argument against epistemological moral intuitionism, the view that some people are noninferentially justified in believing some moral propositions. At the beginning of the twentyfirst century, this view experienced a

The Critical Purchase of Genealogy: Critiquing Student Participation Projects

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Anna

2015-01-01

Until recently the dominant critique of "student participation" projects was one based on the theoretical assumptions of critical theory in the form of critical pedagogy. Over the last decade, we have witnessed the emergence of a critical education discourse that theorises and critically analyses such projects using Foucault's notion of…

A guide to critiquing a research paper. Methodological appraisal of a paper on nurses in abortion care.

Science.gov (United States)

Lipp, Allyson; Fothergill, Anne

2015-03-01

In this paper, we have taken a previously published article on nurses' judgements in abortion care performing a systematic critique of the merits of this research using a recognised critiquing framework. The qualitative paper chosen for the critique is a grounded theory design and the research terms and terminology associated with this method such as symbolic interactionism are defined. The published paper reported on findings from a study exploring the characteristics of nurses in abortion care. A published critiquing tool has been applied. It was chosen because it is pragmatic, clearly laid out and accessible as full text to the people likely to need it. It comprises two stages, the first of which centres on the believability of the research. The second stage is more detailed and examines the research process and establishes the credibility of the research in its application to practice. Develop critical and analytical skills through methodically appraising the merits of published research. Nursing as an evidence-based profession requires nurses at both pre- and post-registration levels to be able to understand, synthesise and critique research, this being a fundamental part of many nursing curricula. These have become core skills to acquire since implementing up to date evidence is the cornerstone of contemporary nursing practice. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Writing on patriarchal missiles: the chauvinism of the 'Gulf War' and the limits of critique

OpenAIRE

M Sparke

1994-01-01

The limits of critique are politically significant. Such politics become examinable through deconstruction as a form of interested closure. To do this, however, it is first necessary to distinguish the Derridean deconstruction of writing from the purely literalist interpretations it is commonly but mistakenly given. The example subsequently used as an illustration of limited critique is a conference paper on the 'Gulf War' previously presented by the author in 1991. This paper drew on feminis...

Critiquing War in the Classroom: Professor Positionality, Vulnerability, and Possibility

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, Nancy

2014-01-01

This article describes an analytic autoethnographical research study focusing on my experiences developing, delivering, and evaluating course content critiquing war from a feminist anti-militarist perspective as a pre-tenured faculty member. Themes include: professional vulnerability, student resistance, pedagogical possibility, and scholarly…

Adult Education under a Comparative Lens: Areas of Influence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holford, John; Milana, Marcella; Rasmussen, Palle Damkjær

2018-01-01

This chapter outlines key areas of literature and policy that have influenced or affected our research on the comparative study of adult education. Policy influences include the growth of lifelong learning within a neoliberal framing since the 1990s and the rise of ‘evidence-based’ approaches...... with a narrow reliance on quantitative data. Much of our work has been inspired by the need to critique these trends, adopt broader approaches to lifelong learning and defend the more democratic traditions of adult education. Important areas of theoretical inspiration, many of which interrogate these policy...... developments, are also outlined. The critical reinterpretation of historical adult education practices is another important area of work and inspiration. In relation to sustainability, we have been influenced particularly by the capabilities approach....

Medicine and Mind-Body Dualism: A Reply to Mehta's Critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Joubert, Callie

2014-01-01

Neeta Mehta recently advanced the thesis that medical practice is facing a crisis today. In her paper "Mind-body dualism: a critique from a health perspective" she attributes the crisis to the philosophy of Descartes and set out to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people. The aim of my reply to her critique is three-fold. First, I draw attention to a more fundamental problem and show that dualism is inescapable-scientifically and commonsensically. I then focus on the self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt and remorse, and argue that the self is not identical with a brain. The third section draws attention to the crisis in psychiatry and stipulates some of the main reasons why this is so. Contrary to Mehta's thesis, the health profession faces a crisis because of physicalism and biological reductionism.

Robert Nozick's entitlement theory of justice: a critique | Nnajiofor ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The burden of this paper is to critique Robert Nozick's entitlement theory of justice which was drafted as an argument against traditional distribution theories. Nozick's theory of justice claims that whether a distribution is just or not depend entirely on how it came about. By contrast, justice according to equality, need, desert or ...

Critique of Rousseau's Philosophy of Education in Relation to the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper critiqued Rousseau's philosophy of education in relation to the Nigerian educational system. Rousseau's philosophy of education, which is naturalist based, was examined with particular reference to its aims and syllabus. Rousseau advocated the aims of education should include developing the child's natural ...

Equality and Human Capital: Conflicting Concepts within State-Funded Adult Education in Ireland

Science.gov (United States)

Hurley, Kevin

2015-01-01

This article offers a critique of the concept of equality as it informs the White Paper on Adult Education: Learning for Life (2000). It also outlines the extent to which human capital theory can be seen to have effectively colonised lifelong learning from the outset of its adoption by the European Union with highly constraining implications for…

The Adult Life Spiral: A Critique of the Life Cycle Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Stein, Peter; Etzkowitz, Henry

We can identify and describe alternate paths of adulthood utilizing data from interviews with single adults. Our review of major models used in adulthood studies suggests that a developmental model, such as Daniel Levinson's life cycle model, is too tied to the notion of the imminent unfolding of the life course. The age-stratification theory…

New Directions in Education? A Critique of Contemporary Policy Reforms

Science.gov (United States)

Skourdoumbis, Andrew

2016-01-01

This paper draws on facets of Foucault's theoretical resources to critique current education policy reform from within the Australian State of Victoria, namely the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development's (DEECD) discussion paper "New directions for school leadership and the teaching profession." Implicit in the reform…

Using critiquing for improving medical protocols : Harder than it seems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Marcos, Mar; Berger, Geert; van Harmelen, Frank; ten Teije, Annette; Roomans, Hugo; Miksch, Silvia

2001-01-01

Medical protocols are widely recognised to provide clinicians with high-quality and up-to-date recommendations. A critical condition for this is of course that the protocols themselves are of high quality. In this paper we investigate the use of critiquing for improving the quality of medical

Critical bioethics: beyond the social science critique of applied ethics.

Science.gov (United States)

Hedgecoe, Adam M

2004-04-01

This article attempts to show a way in which social science research can contribute in a meaningful and equitable way to philosophical bioethics. It builds on the social science critique of bioethics present in the work of authors such as Renee Fox, Barry Hoffmaster and Charles Bosk, proposing the characteristics of a critical bioethics that would take social science seriously. The social science critique claims that traditional philosophical bioethics gives a dominant role to idealised, rational thought, and tends to exclude social and cultural factors, relegating them to the status of irrelevancies. Another problem is they way in which bioethics assumes social reality divides down the same lines/categories as philosophical theories. Critical bioethics requires bioethicists to root their enquiries in empirical research, to challenge theories using evidence, to be reflexive and to be sceptical about the claims of other bioethicists, scientists and clinicians. The aim is to produce a rigorous normative analysis of lived moral experience.

Self-defense: Deflecting Deflationary and Eliminativist Critiques of the Sense of Ownership

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shaun Gallagher

2017-09-01

Full Text Available I defend a phenomenological account of the sense of ownership as part of a minimal sense of self from those critics who propose either a deflationary or eliminativist critique. Specifically, I block the deflationary critique by showing that in fact the phenomenological account is itself a deflationary account insofar as it takes the sense of ownership to be implicit or intrinsic to experience and bodily action. I address the eliminativist view by considering empirical evidence that supports the concept of pre-reflective self-awareness, which underpins the sense of ownership. Finally, I respond to claims that phenomenology does not offer a positive account of the sense of ownership by showing the role it plays in an enactivist (action-oriented view of embodied cognition.

Curricular Critique of an Environmental Education Policy Framework: Acting Today, Shaping Tomorrow

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Douglas D. Karrow

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The following paper is a curricular critique of an environmental education policy framework called Acting Today, Shaping Tomorrow (2009. It is founded upon: (a an examination of the conventional argument for integrated curriculum models and its relevance to K-12 environmental education; and (b utilization of a typology of integrated curriculum models to analyze an environmental education policy framework within the jurisdiction of Ontario, Canada. In conclusion, Ontario’s environmental education policy framework tends toward an integrated curriculum model referred to as ‘selective infusion.’  The implications for integrated curricular practice are identified, with recommendations for improving the policy framework from an integrated curricular perspective.     Key Words: environmental education, integrated curriculum, curriculum critique, education policy.

The frontiers of empirical science: A Thomist-inspired critique of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The frontiers of empirical science: A Thomist-inspired critique of scientism. Callum Scott. Abstract. Scientistic conceptualisations hold to the positivistic positions that science is limitless in its potential representations of material phenomena and that it is the only sure path to knowledge. In recent popular scientific literature, ...

The econometrics of the Holy Grail : A critique (Revised version)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Keuzenkamp, H.A.

1995-01-01

This paper discusses the methodological views of David Hendry. A critique is given on the reification of the so-called Data Generating Process. The merits of general to specific modelling are analyzed. Hendry's neo-Popperian philosophy is examined. It is argued that this philosophy is not able to

A Feminist Critique of Rational-Choice Theories: Implications for Sociology.

Science.gov (United States)

England, Paula

1989-01-01

Provides a feminist critique of rational-choice theory and the interdisciplinary feminist theories of sociology. Applies the separative model of self to four assumptions of the neoclassical economics version of rational-choice theory. Uses research on marital power to illustrate how removing distorting assumptions can help illuminate sociological…

A Critique of Botswana's Language Policy from a Translanguaging Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Bagwasi, Mompoloki Mmangaka

2017-01-01

This paper critiques the language practices and language-in-education policy of Botswana from a translanguaging perspective. By so doing, it revisits our commonly held perceptions about multilingualism, bilingualism and language and its boundary. We commonly perceive languages as autonomous and as having boundaries and we perceive bilingualism or…

Margaret Cavendish's materialist critique of van Helmontian chymistry.

Science.gov (United States)

Clucas, Stephen

2011-03-01

A striking omission in the scholarship on the reception of the chymical philosophy of Jan Baptista van Helmont in England in the seventeenth century is the work of the mid-seventeenth-century natural philosopher Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle. In her Philosophical Letters (1664), Cavendish offers an extended critique of Van Helmont's work (whose Ortus Medicince had recently been translated into English by John Sadler). In this paper, I compare Cavendish's criticisms with those of Robert Boyle in his Sceptical Chymist (1661). Both Boyle and Cavendish attacked Van Helmont for the obscurity of his chymical vocabulary and concepts, and attacked his seminalism. Although their critiques had much in common, they diverged in their attitudes to Van Helmont's experiments. As an opponent of the experimental philosophy, Cavendish had little interest in the quality of Van Helmont's experimental claims, whereas Boyle was critical of their unreplicability. I also try to show that the two writers had very different polemical agendas, with Boyle defending his vision of chymistry based on a corpuscularian natural philosophy, and Cavendish being as much concerned with establishing her religious orthodoxy as with defending the truth claims of her own materialist vitalism. For Cavendish, Van Helmont was an example of the dangers of mingling theology and natural philosophy.

Reviewing the Focus: A Summary and Critique of Child-Focused Sexual Abuse Prevention.

Science.gov (United States)

Rudolph, Julia; Zimmer-Gembeck, Melanie J

2016-10-26

Due to the high incidence, and widespread detrimental health consequences, of child sexual abuse (CSA), effective prevention remains at the forefront of public and mental health research, prevention and intervention agendas. To date much of the focus of prevention has been on school-based education programs designed to teach children skills to evade adult sexual advances, and disclose past or ongoing abuse. Evaluation of sexual abuse prevention programs demonstrate their effectiveness in increasing children's knowledge of CSA concepts and protection skills, but little is known about their effects on children's capacity to prevent abuse. Moreover, concerns persist about the unintended side-effects for young children such as anxiety, worry and wariness of touch. This paper summarizes the recent history of CSA prevention and the critique of child-focused protection programs in order to demonstrate the need to compliment or replace these programs by focusing more on protectors in the children's ecology, specifically parents, in order to create safer environments in which abuse is less likely to occur. © The Author(s) 2016.

Shaping Up? Three Acts of Education Studies as Textual Critique

Science.gov (United States)

McDougall, Julian; Walker, Stephen; Kendall, Alex

2006-01-01

This paper presents a study of dominant educational discourses through textual critique and argues that such an approach enables education studies to preserve an important distinction from teacher training. The texts deconstructed here are specific to English education, but the discourses at work have international relevance as the rhetorics of…

Research integrity and rights of indigenous peoples: appropriating Foucault's critique of knowledge/power.

Science.gov (United States)

Swazo, Norman K

2005-09-01

In this paper I appropriate the philosophical critique of Michel Foucault as it applies to the engagement of Western science and indigenous peoples in the context of biomedical research. The science of population genetics, specifically as pursued in the Human Genome Diversity Project, is the obvious example to illustrate (a) the contraposition of modern science and 'indigenous science', (b) the tendency to depreciate and marginalize indigenous knowledge systems, and (c) the subsumption of indigenous moral preferences in the juridical armature of international human rights law. I suggest that international bioethicists may learn from Foucault's critique, specifically of the need for vigilance about the knowledge/power relation expressed by the contraposition of modern science and 'indigeneity'.

The LNG industry in 2011. Press revue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2012-05-01

The outlook of the LNG industry in 2011 is presented as a revue of press articles: The role of LNG as a flexible and secure energy source as well as the prompt response to provide back-up through additional supplies and cargo diversions to compensate for the sudden loss of nuclear capacity in Japan - with sellers exercising due price restraint in view of the human tragedy - has been a credit to the industry. The increase in production capacity in 2009 and 2010, in particular from Qatar, had permitted the necessary buffer to cope much better with the demand surge than during past disruptions (such as the aftermath of the Chuetsu earthquake in late 2007). Undoubtedly, the marked shift over the last decade in the industry's prevailing business model towards global trade, destination flexibility and portfolio play has also facilitated the rapid response. As the total volume of LNG trade is very much determined by the availability of supply, 2011 has seen a growth of 9.4% over 2010, mainly as a result of the full availability of the six Qatar mega-trains over the past year. On the demand side the two traditional basins have shown very contrasting trends: 15% higher LNG off-take in Asia (the five major markets all increasing between 37.4% and 8.9%), versus a 1.7% decrease in the Atlantic Basin. Cargo diversions and an increasing number of reloads have boosted the exports from the Atlantic Basin to Asia in 2011 to more than 14 million tons (equivalent to more than 200 large size cargoes). Remarkable is also the fast growth in new markets in Latin America and in the Middle East - albeit from a small base - with counter-seasonal but varying demand, offering attractive arbitrage opportunities to portfolio play. Not surprising then that 2011 has seen another hike in spot and short-term trade, not just in absolute terms but also as a percentage of total trade (50% over 2010, 25.4% of total trade). The outlook for LNG is strong and its global demand prospects further

Critique of the economic case for the fast reactor. Chapter 12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sweet, C.

1980-01-01

The subject is discussed under the headings: introduction; critique of the cost stereotypes; the fast reactor fuel cycle (reprocessing and refabrication costs; out-of-reactor time and economic optimisation; the doubling time and the logistics of the fast breeder programme). (U.K.)

Debating DSM-5: diagnosis and the sociology of critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Pickersgill, Martyn D

2014-08-01

The development of the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-the DSM-5-has reenergised and driven further forward critical discourse about the place and role of diagnosis in mental health. The DSM-5 has attracted considerable criticism, not least about its role in processes of medicalisation. This paper suggests the need for a sociology of psychiatric critique. Sociological analysis can help map fields of contention, and cast fresh light on the assumptions and nuances of debate around the DSM-5; it underscores the importance of diagnosis to the governance of social and clinical life, as well as the wider discourses critical commentaries connect with and are activated by. More normatively, a sociology of critique can indicate which interests and values are structuring the dialogues being articulated, and just how diverse clinical opinion regarding the DSM can actually be. This has implications for the considerations of health services and policy decision-makers who might look to such debates for guidance. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

cyril of alexandria's critique of the term theotokos by nestorius

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Acta Theologica. 2012:2. E. Artemi. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA'S CRITIQUE. OF THE ... Paul of Samosata, who had claimed that Christ the Lord of all was simply a human being .... Scriptures, who is by nature what they were of whose seed he was, ..... Athanasius of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa, John Chrysostom and by Cyril.

“If You Don’t Bring No Grits, Don’t Come”: Critiquing a Critique of Patrick Kelly, Golliwogs, And Camp as A Technique of Black Queer Expression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barnes Sequoia

2017-12-01

Full Text Available I have written this article in order to establish Patrick Kelly as a black forbearer of fashion. Kelly complicates our sense of fashion through his use of black memorabilia and camp to not only create something consumable but to comment on the black body as a consumable. Therefore, the role I play in acknowledging this black supernova, as Eric Darnell Pritchard calls him, is by critiquing Lewis and Fraley’s critique of Patrick Kelly and questioning why overtly expressing one’s queerness through camp has not been seen as a viable form of black expression in the mainstream narrative of black creativity. Lewis and Fraley’s complete dismissal of Kelly’s use of camp does not happen in a vacuum. Yet, I must remember that there is also the task of establishing a legacy of technique for Patrick Kelly. Who are his forbearers?

Introducing a European Partnership. First issue of 'European Nuclear Features'. A joint publication of atw, Nuclear Espana, Revue Generale Nucleare (2004)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-01-01

'European Nuclear Features' is a joint publication of the three specialized technical journals, Nuclear Espana (Spain), Revue Generale Nucleaire (France), and atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power (Germany), planned for six issues annually. ENF is to further greatly the international European exchange of information and news about energy and nuclear power. News items, comments, and scientific and technical contributions will cover important aspects of the field. The first issue of ENF contains contributions about these topics, among others: - European Nuclear Society and Foratom: Strengthening the Nuclear Network. - Report: EPR - the European Pressurized Water Reactor. - Finland: Starting Construction of the Fifth Nuclear Power Plant. - Czech Republic: Nuclear Power Report for 2003/2004. - The Decommissioning Project of the Bohunice-1 and -2 Units. - FRM-II: TUM Research Neutron Source Generates Its First Neutrons. (orig.)

Conflicting Ideologies and Language Policy in Adult ESL: Complexities of Language Socialization in a Majority-L1 Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Mori, Miki

2014-01-01

This study looks at how language ideologies affect and are revealed in language socialization practices in a majority-L1 adult ESL classroom, particularly looking at language use and policy. It draws on recent theories and critiques of language socialization (Bayley & Langman, 2011; Bronson & Watson-Gegeo, 2008; Garrett &…

Voicing children's critique and utopias

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Husted, Mia; Lind, Unni

and restrictions, Call for aesthetics an sensuality, Longings for home and parents, Longings for better social relations Making children's voice visible allows preschool teachers to reflect children's knowledge and life word in pedagogical practice. Keywords: empowerment and participation, action research...... children to raise and render visible their own critique and wishes related to their everyday life in daycare. Research on how and why to engage children as participants in research and in institutional developments addresses overall interests in democratization and humanization that can be traced back...... to strategies for Nordic welfare developments and the Conventions on Children's Rights. The theoretical and methodological framework follow the lines of how to form and learn democracy of Lewin (1948) and Dewey (1916). The study is carried out as action research involving 50 children at age three to five...

What's so critical about Critical Neuroscience? Rethinking experiment, enacting critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Fitzgerald, Des; Matusall, Svenja; Skewes, Joshua; Roepstorff, Andreas

2014-01-01

In the midst of on-going hype about the power and potency of the new brain sciences, scholars within "Critical Neuroscience" have called for a more nuanced and sceptical neuroscientific knowledge-practice. Drawing especially on the Frankfurt School, they urge neuroscientists towards a more critical approach-one that re-inscribes the objects and practices of neuroscientific knowledge within webs of social, cultural, historical and political-economic contingency. This paper is an attempt to open up the black-box of "critique" within Critical Neuroscience itself. Specifically, we argue that limiting enactments of critique to the invocation of context misses the force of what a highly-stylized and tightly-bound neuroscientific experiment can actually do. We show that, within the neuroscientific experiment itself, the world-excluding and context-denying "rules of the game" may also enact critique, in novel and surprising forms, while remaining formally independent of the workings of society, and culture, and history. To demonstrate this possibility, we analyze the Optimally Interacting Minds (OIM) paradigm, a neuroscientific experiment that used classical psychophysical methods to show that, in some situations, people worked better as a collective, and not as individuals-a claim that works precisely against reactionary tendencies that prioritize individual over collective agency, but that was generated and legitimized entirely within the formal, context-denying conventions of neuroscientific experimentation. At the heart of this paper is a claim that it was precisely the rigors and rules of the experimental game that allowed these scientists to enact some surprisingly critical, and even radical, gestures. We conclude by suggesting that, in the midst of large-scale neuroscientific initiatives, it may be "experiment", and not "context", that forms the meeting-ground between neuro-biological and socio-political research practices.

Back to Hegel? On Gillian Rose's critique of sociological reason.

Science.gov (United States)

Fuller, Brian W

2017-08-22

Thirty-five years ago, Gillian Rose articulated a significant critique of classical sociological reason, emphasizing its relationship to its philosophical forebears. In a series of works, but most significantly in her Hegel contra Sociology, Rose worked to specify the implications of sociology's failure, both in its critical Marxist and its 'scientific' forms, to move beyond Kant and to fully come to terms with the thought of Hegel. In this article, I unpack and explain the substance of her criticisms, developing the necessary Hegelian philosophical background on which she founded them. I argue that Rose's attempted recuperation of 'speculative reason' for social theory remains little understood, despite its continued relevance to contemporary debates concerning the nature and scope of sociological reason. As an illustration, I employ Rose to critique Chernilo's recent call for a more philosophically sophisticated sociology. From the vantage point of Rose, this particular account of a 'philosophical sociology' remains abstract and rooted in the neo-Kantian contradictions that continue to characterize sociology. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

« Les usages avancés du téléphone mobile », revue Réseaux, La Découverte, volume 27, juillet-septembre 2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mathilde Cleret

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Le volume 27 de la revue Réseaux « Les usages avancés du téléphone mobile » aborde la question de la transformation des terminaux portables et de leurs usages. Il regroupe des études menées entre 2007 à 2009, dans le cadre d’un projet collaboratif « Mobile en ville » labellisé par le pôle de compétitivité Cap Digital. Il est constitué de six articles qui interrogent les nouvelles pratiques individuelles et collectives de la téléphonie mobile. Ils questionnent la façon dont s’articulent les no...

Critiquing Human Resource Development's Dominant Masculine Rationality and Evaluating Its Impact

Science.gov (United States)

Bierema, Laura L.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this article is to critique human resource development's (HRD) dominant philosophy, practices, and research; illustrate how they negatively affect women HRD practitioners and recipients; and recommend alternative conceptualizations of the field. This article is grounded in a critical feminist theoretical framework, draws on critical…

The role of model checking in critiquing based on clinical guidelines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groot, Perry; Hommersom, Arjen; Lucas, Peter; Serban, Radu; Ten Teije, Annette; Van Harmelen, Frank

2007-01-01

Medical critiquing systems criticise clinical actions performed by a physician. In order to provide useful feedback, an important task is to find differences between the actual actions and a set of 'ideal' actions as described by a clinical guideline. In case differences exist, insight to which

Beyond discovery: A review of the critique of the discovery view of opportunities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsgaard, Steffen T.

This paper systematically reviews and synthesises the critique since 2000 of the discovery view's interpretation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The review shows that the framing of the debate as polarised between two oppositions, the discovery view versus the creation view, is oversimplified....... The issue of whether opportunities are discovered or created is simply one of several key issues in play in the debate. These key issues include questions concerning agency, process, and the role of subjectivity, creativity and interpretation. Propositions for future research are developed from the critique......, emphasising distributed agency, non-linear processes, opportunities as formed, and the role of creativity. However, the paper also points to unresolved issues in relation to all four propositions that require further empirical and conceptual work....

Les facteurs de motivation infirmière assurant la pérennité d'un soin de qualité afin de prévenir les infections nosocomiales en mileur hospitalier: une revue de littérature étoffée

OpenAIRE

Repond, Tracy; Rossier, Jean-Michel; Scrima, Katia

2013-01-01

Le but de cette revue de littérature est de relever les facteurs de motivation infirmière qui garantissent la pérennisation d’un comportement d’observance en ce qui concerne les mesures d’hygiène hospitalière afin de diminuer le taux d’infections nosocomiales.

Two Agendas for Bioethics: Critique and Integration.

Science.gov (United States)

Garrett, Jeremy R

2015-07-01

Many bioethicists view the primary task of bioethics as 'value clarification'. In this article, I argue that the field must embrace two more ambitious agendas that go beyond mere clarification. The first agenda, critique, involves unmasking, interrogating, and challenging the presuppositions that underlie bioethical discourse. These largely unarticulated premises establish the boundaries within which problems can be conceptualized and solutions can be imagined. The function of critique, then, is not merely to clarify these premises but to challenge them and the boundaries they define. The second agenda, integration, involves honoring and unifying what is right in competing values. Integration is the morally ideal response to value conflict, offering the potential for transcending win/lose outcomes. The function of integration, then, is to envision actions or policies that not only resolve conflicts, but that do so by jointly realizing many genuine values in deep and compelling ways. My argument proceeds in stages. After critically examining the role and dominant status of value clarification in bioethical discourse, I describe the nature and value of the two agendas, identify concrete examples of where each has been and could be successful, and explain why a critical integrative bioethics--one that appreciates the joint necessity and symbiotic potential of the two agendas--is crucial to the future of the field. The ultimate goal of all of this is to offer a more compelling vision for how bioethics might conduct itself within the larger intellectual and social world it seeks to understand and serve. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Critique of the Establishment of the Marketing Boards in Nigeria in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A Critique of the Establishment of the Marketing Boards in Nigeria in the 1940s. ... The Cocoa Marketing Board was set up in 1947, while the Groundnut, Cotton and Palm Produce Marketing Boards ... EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT

Advanced Change Theory Revisited: An Article Critique

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R. Scott Pochron

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The complexity of life in 21st century society requires new models for leading and managing change. With that in mind, this paper revisits the model for Advanced Change Theory (ACT as presented by Quinn, Spreitzer, and Brown in their article, “Changing Others Through Changing Ourselves: The Transformation of Human Systems” (2000. The authors present ACT as a potential model for facilitating change in complex organizations. This paper presents a critique of the article and summarizes opportunities for further exploring the model in the light of current trends in developmental and integral theory.

The Resource-Based View: A Review and Assessment of Its Critiques

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kraaijenbrink, Jeroen; Spender, J.C.; Groen, Arend J.

2010-01-01

The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm has been around for over 20 years—during which time it has been both widely taken up and subjected to considerable criticism. The authors review and assess the principal critiques evident in the literature, arguing they fall into eight categories. They

Sorcières, 1976-1981. Etude d’une revue féministe. Master 1, Université de Lille III, (dir. Florence Tamagne, 2009

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Caroline Goldblum

2011-10-01

Full Text Available L’aventure Sorcières est une véritable épopée ; celle d’une revue de femmes qui voit le jour en 1976 au beau milieu de la décennie dite « des femmes » et en plein cœur de l’explosion de la presse féministe. Sorcières fut fondée par Xavière Gauthier dans le but de donner ou rendre la parole aux femmes pour qu’elles puissent exprimer leur créativité : « Je voudrais que Sorcières soit un lieu ouvert pour toutes les femmes qui luttent en tant que femmes, qui cherchent et disent (écrivent, chanten...

TLE (Théorie, Littérature, Enseignement n° 24 (2006-2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antoine Cazé

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Après deux excellents numéros, l’un consacré au « diagramme » (TLE 22, 2004 et l’autre au « motif » (TLE 23, 2005, ce volume de la revue dirigée par Noëlle Batt est le dernier d’un triptyque critique faisant le point sur l’héritage de concepts deleuziens en linguistique, philosophie du langage, sémiotique, épistémologie et études littéraires. Fidèle au triple objectif de son titre, TLE offre ici un panorama particulièrement convaincant de la notion de force, telle qu’elle informe la traditi...

Carcinome à cellule vitreuse du col de l'utérus: à propos d'un cas et revue de littérature

Science.gov (United States)

Hakimi, Ihssane; Zazi, Abdelghani; Chahdi, Hafsa; Guelzim, Khalid; Kouach, Jaouad; Babahabib, Myabdellah; Elhassani, Myehdi; Rahali, Driss Moussaoui; Dehayni, Mohammed

2015-01-01

Le carcinome à cellule vitreuse du col de l'utérus est un type de histologique rare de cancer du col de l'utérus qui survient à un âge plus jeune, et s'associe au risque élevé d’échec thérapeutique et le pronostic est plus mauvais en comparaison au type cellulaire squameux. La radiothérapie est associée au risque diminué de récidive. Le but de cette étude est de récapituler à travers d'une observation et une revue de littérature les données sur l'incidence, le comportement clinique et la survie globale de patients avec le carcinome à cellule vitreuse du col de l'utérus. PMID:26664556

Responses to the 1983 Expulsion of Aliens from Nigeria: A Critique ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper attempts a critique of this plethora of criticisms and submits that the Nigerian government of Shehu Shagari acted in conformity with the Nigerian immigration law of 1963 as informed by the exigencies of national interest. Government should therefore be exonerated from all the said criticisms. Keywords: Expulsion ...

'… Earth's proud empires pass away…': The glorification and critique ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Songs and hymns shape faith and play a part in shaping political landscapes. They can be used to build or maintain power as well as to critique and challenge it. This has been true for South Africa, and some brief examples will be given. But this article focuses on hymns and patriotic songs from the time of the British Empire ...

Urban Regeneration Partnerships: A Figurational Critique of Governmentality Theory

OpenAIRE

Lever, John

2011-01-01

This article provides a critique of governmentally inspired accounts of urban regeneration and partnership working. Drawing on the work of Norbert Elias and prominent figurational sociologists, it discusses the changes taking place within and through the many partnerships set up by New Labour around the notion of ‘community safety’. Although recognizing the important insights provided by accounts of urban regeneration emerging through studies of governmentality, the article argues that such a...

Critique and Contribute: A Practice-Based Framework for Improving Critical Data Studies and Data Science.

Science.gov (United States)

Neff, Gina; Tanweer, Anissa; Fiore-Gartland, Brittany; Osburn, Laura

2017-06-01

What would data science look like if its key critics were engaged to help improve it, and how might critiques of data science improve with an approach that considers the day-to-day practices of data science? This article argues for scholars to bridge the conversations that seek to critique data science and those that seek to advance data science practice to identify and create the social and organizational arrangements necessary for a more ethical data science. We summarize four critiques that are commonly made in critical data studies: data are inherently interpretive, data are inextricable from context, data are mediated through the sociomaterial arrangements that produce them, and data serve as a medium for the negotiation and communication of values. We present qualitative research with academic data scientists, "data for good" projects, and specialized cross-disciplinary engineering teams to show evidence of these critiques in the day-to-day experience of data scientists as they acknowledge and grapple with the complexities of their work. Using ethnographic vignettes from two large multiresearcher field sites, we develop a set of concepts for analyzing and advancing the practice of data science and improving critical data studies, including (1) communication is central to the data science endeavor; (2) making sense of data is a collective process; (3) data are starting, not end points, and (4) data are sets of stories. We conclude with two calls to action for researchers and practitioners in data science and critical data studies alike. First, creating opportunities for bringing social scientific and humanistic expertise into data science practice simultaneously will advance both data science and critical data studies. Second, practitioners should leverage the insights from critical data studies to build new kinds of organizational arrangements, which we argue will help advance a more ethical data science. Engaging the insights of critical data studies will

Danish Soldiers Narrate Civil-Military Interaction: Experience, Critique and "Identifying Best Practices"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brønd, Thomas Vladimir

In the aftermath of military engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan, Western militaries have been grabbling not only with these – for many – ‘failed missions’, but also with how to deal with a contemporary moment of hybrid wars and ‘chronic crisis’ (Vigh 2008). While numerous political commissions...... missions. Based on ongoing ethnographic fieldwork and extensive interviews as part of a larger research initiative ‘Perception and Legitimacy in CivilMilitary Interaction’, the paper excavates and discusses two selected cases on the basis of soldiers’ own experience and memory of what constitutes...... theory? By triangulating with other sources (field reports, media sources and others), the paper demonstrates how the discussion of these cases serves theoretically as a window into the tensions of critique in the military as part of a world where critique has – in the words of Bruno Latour (2004) – ‘run...

Medical Critique [Krytyka Lekarska]: a journal of medicine and philosophy-1897-1907.

Science.gov (United States)

Löwy, I

1990-12-01

Medico-philosophical reflections were developed in the 19th and the 20th centuries by three consecutive generations of Polish physicians, active in what was later named the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine. The second generation of this school published its own journal, Medical Critique [Krytika Lekarska], from 1897 to 1907. Medical Critique included numerous articles on the nature of medical knowledge, the reductionism versus holism debate in biology and medicine, the importance of teleologically-oriented approaches in medicine, the influence of theories and of a priori ideas on clinical observations and on 'clinical facts', the problem of classification of diseases, the normative and ethical dimension of medicine, and the ion relationships between philosophy, history and medicine. The existence of a journal dealing specifically with theoretical reflections on medicine undoubtedly contributed to the propagation of original work in the philosophy of medicine in Poland.

FCJ-151 The modulation and ordering of affect: from emotion recognition technology to the critique of class composition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mark Gawne

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Recent developments in the workplace have seen the intensification of methods to elicit and capture value within and across the affective encounter, notably through the introduction of technologies to monitor and measure the production of affect and emotion in service workers. This paper develops the beginning of a critique of these technologies through a discussion of affective HCI, OKAO Vision and an engagement with the compositionist critique developed in (post-Operaismo.

[A anthropological critique of the ethic of care].

Science.gov (United States)

Bertrand, Aliénor

2011-03-01

This article is a critique of the anthropology of vulnerability and of the needs on which the ethics of care are based. Firstly, this critique confronts the universal postulate of the anthropology of vulnerability to the history of the anthropology of illness. The latter manages to build up a specific disciplinary field in refusing the supervision of the medical sciences and the implicit principle to consider illness as an universal fact. The paper refers to the anthropology of nature and Philippe Descola's work in order to develop a comparative study of the systems of representations, including the naturalism of biomedicine as a model among others. It then presents the descriptions of the representations of vulnerability and the needs which are linked to the four main ontologies defined by anthropology of nature, animism, totemism, analogy and naturalism, and gives a new light to the anthropology on which the ethics of care rest. That anthropology of vulnerability could be an involuntary factor in order to make societies conform to an hygienic constraint. The ethics of care would therefore benefit greatly in freeing themselves from anthropology of vulnerability and focus on their original contextualism; in particular, they would benefit of the knowledge of the limits of naturalism at their basis. It will also allow them to provide a new tool for engineering social transformations in a time, the beginning of XXI century, when cultures happen to mix.

Integrative Review of the Literature on Adults with Limited Education and Skills and the Implications for Human Resource Development

Science.gov (United States)

Hamilton, David W.; Torraco, Richard J.

2013-01-01

Adults with limited education and skills--those who lack the education and skills needed for full participation in U.S. culture and economy--are increasing in numbers. However, the knowledge base addressing this population and their educational needs is fragmented across the literature of several disciplines. A comprehensive review and critique of…

Manufacturing Consistency: Social Science, Rhetoric and Chomsky’s Critique

OpenAIRE

Edgley, Alison

2009-01-01

Chomsky’s critique of US foreign policy – and the media coverage it generates – has significant theoretical merit, and deserves to be of considerable interest within the social sciences. His analysis rests upon two distinctive positions. First, he claims that capitalism only survives because of the role played by the state, legislatively and administratively, controversially adding that it operates as an economic agent providing welfare for the rich. While the political and corporate elite ca...

The Feminist Critique in Epistemological Perspective: Questions of Context in Family Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Taggart, Morris

1985-01-01

Presents the feminist critique of systems-based family therapy. Discusses the functions of "punctuation,""boundary," and "closure" in systemic epistemology. Explores implications of a new context for family therapy with respect to women's issues, clinical epistemology, and the challenge to raise novel questions in family therapy. (BH)

Obstetrics in a Time of Violence: Mexican Midwives Critique Routine Hospital Practices.

Science.gov (United States)

Zacher Dixon, Lydia

2015-12-01

Mexican midwives have long taken part in a broader Latin American trend to promote "humanized birth" as an alternative to medicalized interventions in hospital obstetrics. As midwives begin to regain authority in reproductive health and work within hospital units, they come to see the issue not as one of mere medicalization but of violence and violation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with midwives from across Mexico during a time of widespread social violence, my research examines an emergent critique of hospital birth as a site of what is being called violencia obstétrica (obstetric violence). In this critique, women are discussed as victims of explicit abuse by hospital staff and by the broader health care infrastructures. By reframing obstetric practices as violent-as opposed to medicalized-these midwives seek to situate their concerns about women's health care in Mexico within broader regional discussions about violence, gender, and inequality. © 2015 by the American Anthropological Association.

A Critique on the Concept of Social Accountability in Higher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Pedroza Flores, René; Villalobos Monroy, Guadalupe; Reyes Fabela, Ana María

2015-01-01

This paper attempts to present a critique of the concept and meaning of the term social accountability at university level from a critical point of view. The main objective is to analyze and re-build the term accountability in order to contextualize it for public universities. First, we present the importance of the idea of accountability in…

Inquiry, Critique, and Dissemination of Knowledge: Graduate Students Contributing to Wikipedia

Science.gov (United States)

Simmons, Nicola

2013-01-01

Graduate students use existing knowledge and are ultimately expected to add to that knowledge. Students in a Masters of Education entry course were asked to find a Wikipedia page related to the course topics, critique it, and make improvements to it to begin to develop these skills. In this paper, I examine ways in which their perspectives were…

Weber's Critique of Advocacy in the Classroom: Critical Thinking and Civic Education.

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Weaver, Mark

1998-01-01

Discusses the four aspects of Max Weber's argument against including advocacy in the political science classroom. Believes that Weber's critique is a useful starting point for considering the issue in relation to contemporary education. Describes two models, critical thinking and civic education, that present advocacy in the political science…

The Impact of Standards-Based Reform: Applying Brantlinger's Critique of "Hierarchical Ideologies"

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Bacon, Jessica; Ferri, Beth

2013-01-01

Brantlinger's [2004b. "Ideologies Discerned, Values Determined: Getting past the Hierarchies of Special Education." In "Ideology and the Politics of (in)Exclusion," edited by L. Ware, 11-31. New York: Peter Lang Publishing] critique of hierarchical ideologies lays bare the logics embedded in standards-based reform. Drawing on…

Critique of the quantum power of judgment. A transcendental foundation of quantum objectivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pringe, H.

2007-01-01

In this book Kant's critique of pure ratio is considered in the framework of quantum mechanics. In this connections Bohr's thought is considered with a short view on the EPR paradox. Finally a transcendental foundation of quantum mechanics is presented. (HSI)

Between critique and affirmation: An interventionist approach to entrepreneurship education

OpenAIRE

Resch, Bernhard; Hoyer, Patrizia; Steyaert, Chris

2018-01-01

This chapter argues that it is not enough to "simply" question the optimistic politics of entreneurship education. Rather, this is an interplay between critique and affirmation, enabled by "an interventionist approach" that the authors pursue in the master's-level course "Entrepreneurship and Creativity". The described interventions aim at disentangling and reassociating time and space, bodies and motions, people and materials. The authors constantly add new elements to the equation in someti...

Revue Française de Sciences Politique, n° 5-6, 2012, vol. 62, 300 p.Dossier : Retour sur les situations révolutionnaires arabes

OpenAIRE

Saradouni, Karim

2017-01-01

Ce numéro de la Revue Française de Sciences Politiques est consacré aux situations révolutionnaires dans le Monde arabe. Il se veut un retour sur les différents pays concernés par ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « révolutions arabes ». Contrairement à la littérature prolixe en sciences sociales sur les causes et les conséquences des révolutions arabes, les contributeurs à ce dossier, interrogent, à partir des enquêtes de terrain, les situations révolutionnaires elles-mêmes et les processus qui...

Critiques of the risk concept

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nexøe, Jørgen; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Kristiansen, Ivar Sønbø

2007-01-01

The increasing use of the risk concept in healthcare has caused concern among medical doctors, especially general practitioners (GPs). Critics have claimed that risk identification and intervention create unfounded anxiety, that the concept of risk is not useful at the individual patient level, t...... useful for GPs, and in fact a key issue. It is concluded that risk critique should be based on sound theory and empirical data. Critics may do well in making clear distinctions between facts and value judgements......The increasing use of the risk concept in healthcare has caused concern among medical doctors, especially general practitioners (GPs). Critics have claimed that risk identification and intervention create unfounded anxiety, that the concept of risk is not useful at the individual patient level...... interests promote risk interventions, that patients may misunderstand risk information, and that risk information can cause unnecessary anxiety. The authors have found no empirical data on the amount of time primary healthcare providers spend on risk interventions, and have not identified any valid...

A Critique of Koh's (2014) "Doing Class Analysis in Singapore's Elite Education"

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Kabel, Scott

2017-01-01

Aaron Koh contributed to a collection of multi-site global ethnographic articles published here (2014, Vol. 12, No. 2) that present class reproduction as operationalised in elite education. While the collection adds to the current international critique of meritocracy, a close look at Koh's contribution reveals that critical ethnography can lose…

Beyond critique: rethinking roles for the anthropology of mental health.

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Whitley, Rob

2014-09-01

The current supremacy of the 'bio-bio-bio' model within the discipline of psychiatry has progressively marginalized social science approaches to mental health. This situation begs the question, what role is there for the anthropology of mental health? In this essay, I contend that there are three essential roles for the anthropology of mental health in an era of biological psychiatry. These roles are to (i) provide a meaningful critique of practices, beliefs, and movements within current psychiatry; (ii) illuminate the socio-cultural, clinical, and familial context of suffering and healing regarding emotional distress/mental illness; and (iii) act as a catalyst for positive change regarding healing, services and provisions for people with emotional distress/mental illness. My argument is unified by my contention that a credible anthropology of mental health intending to make a societal contribution should offer no opposition without proposition. In other words, any critique must be counter-balanced by the detailing of solutions and proposals for change. This will ensure that the anthropology of mental health continues to contribute critical knowledge to the understanding of mental suffering, distress, and healing. Such social and cultural approaches are becoming especially important given the widespread disenchantment with an increasingly dominant biological psychiatry.

Was epicurus a buddhist? An examination and critique of the theories of negative happiness in buddha and epicurus

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Adam Barkman

2010-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2008v7n2p286Comparisons betw western philosophies are uncommon and this, among other things, hinders global philosophical discourse. Thus, in this essay I want to compare the philosophies of the Buddha and Epicurus for similarities, particular in regard to what I call "negative happiness." Once I have establish this, I want to give a brief critique of negative happiness, which subsequently amounts to a selective critique of Buddhism and Epicureanism.

Revue of some dosimetry and dose assessment European projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bolognese-Milsztajn, T.; Frank, D.; Lacoste, V.; Pihet, P.

2006-01-01

Full text of publication follows: Within the 5. Framework Programme of the European Commission several project dealing with dosimetry and dose assessment for internal and external exposure have been supported. A revue of the results of some of them is presented in this paper. The EURADOS network which involved 50 dosimetry institutes in EUROPE has coordinated the project DOSIMETRY NETWORK: the main results achieved within this action are the following: - The release on the World Wide Web of the EURADOS Database of Dosimetry Research Facilities; - The realisation of the report 'Harmonization of Individual Monitoring (IM) in Europe'; - The continuation of the intercomparisons programme of environmental radiation monitoring systems; - The realisation of the report Cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft crew. The EVIDOS project aimed at evaluating state of the art dosimetry techniques in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry with complex mixed neutron-photon radiation fields. This paper summarises the main findings from a practical point of view. Conclusions and recommendations will be given concerning characterisation of radiation fields, methods to derive radiation protection quantities and dosimeters results. The IDEA project aimed to improve the assessment of incorporated radionuclides through developments of advanced in-vivo and bioassay monitoring techniques and making use of such enhancements for improvements in routine monitoring. The primary goal was to categorize those new developments regarding their potential and eligibility for the routine monitoring community. The costs of monitoring for internal exposures in the workplace are usually significantly greater than the equivalent costs for external exposures. There is therefore a need to ensure that resources are employed with maximum effectiveness. The EC-funded OMINEX (Optimisation of Monitoring for Internal Exposure) project has developed methods for optimising the design and implementation of

"Compacted" procedures for adults' simple addition: A review and critique of the evidence.

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Chen, Yalin; Campbell, Jamie I D

2018-04-01

We review recent empirical findings and arguments proffered as evidence that educated adults solve elementary addition problems (3 + 2, 4 + 1) using so-called compacted procedures (e.g., unconscious, automatic counting); a conclusion that could have significant pedagogical implications. We begin with the large-sample experiment reported by Uittenhove, Thevenot and Barrouillet (2016, Cognition, 146, 289-303), which tested 90 adults on the 81 single-digit addition problems from 1 + 1 to 9 + 9. They identified the 12 very-small addition problems with different operands both ≤ 4 (e.g., 4 + 3) as a distinct subgroup of problems solved by unconscious, automatic counting: These items yielded a near-perfectly linear increase in answer response time (RT) yoked to the sum of the operands. Using the data reported in the article, however, we show that there are clear violations of the sum-counting model's predictions among the very-small addition problems, and that there is no real RT boundary associated with addends ≤4. Furthermore, we show that a well-known associative retrieval model of addition facts-the network interference theory (Campbell, 1995)-predicts the results observed for these problems with high precision. We also review the other types of evidence adduced for the compacted procedure theory of simple addition and conclude that these findings are unconvincing in their own right and only distantly consistent with automatic counting. We conclude that the cumulative evidence for fast compacted procedures for adults' simple addition does not justify revision of the long-standing assumption that direct memory retrieval is ultimately the most efficient process of simple addition for nonzero problems, let alone sufficient to recommend significant changes to basic addition pedagogy.

The Critique of Scholastic Language in Renaissance Humanism and Early Modern Philosophy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nauta, Lodi; Muratori, Cecilia; Paganini, Gianni

2016-01-01

This article studies some key moments in the long tradition of the critique of scholastic language, voiced by humanists and early-modern philosophers alike. It aims at showing how the humanist idiom of “linguistic usage,” “convention,” “custom,” “common” and “natural” language, and “everyday speech”

Conceptual Divergence - Canons and Taboos - and Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høyrup, Jens

2004-01-01

of notational imperfection versus conceptual divergence is none the less too simplistic, since differences may also be due to deliberate choices and exclusions on the part of the authors of the ancient texts—for instance because such a choice helps to fence off a profession, because it expresses appurtenance...... to a real or imagined tradition, or as a result of a critique in the Kantian sense, an elimination of expressions and forms of reasoning that are found theoretically incoherent. The argument is based throughout on historical examples....

Critique of the quantum power of judgment. A transcendental foundation of quantum objectivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pringe, H.

2007-07-01

In this book Kant's critique of pure ratio is considered in the framework of quantum mechanics. In this connections Bohr's thought is considered with a short view on the EPR paradox. Finally a transcendental foundation of quantum mechanics is presented. (HSI)

Work Design Theory: A Review and Critique with Implications for Human Resource Development

Science.gov (United States)

Torraco, Richard J.

2005-01-01

Six theoretical perspectives on work design are examined for their contributions to our understanding of how work is organized and designed in organizations: sociotechnical systems theory, process improvement, adaptive structuration theory, the job characteristics model, technostructural change models, and activity theory. A critique of these…

Subject Between Negativity and Aufhebung/désoeuvrement. Refutation of the Cryptotheological Critique of Agamben

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Mikołaj Ratajczak

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is a detailed analysis of the critique concerning the conceptof subjectivity in Giorgio Agamben’s philosophy made by the Polish philosopherAgata Bielik-Robson arguing for her own conceptualization of subject’s ethicalformation. The main thesis states that by situating Agamben in the conceptualhorizon he aims to overcome, her critique stopped halfway. In doing so, the articleshows that the common ground of both Agamben’s and Bielik-Robson’s views onthe subject is the philosophy of Hegel and the differences between them can beexplicated as the difference in choosing one of two strategies of subject’s formationderiving from Hegel: while Bielik-Robson radicalizes the moment of negativity,Agamben tries to elaborate a different (messianic logic of Aufhebung.

Effect of WhatsApp on Critique Writing Proficiency and Perceptions toward Learning

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Awada, Ghada

2016-01-01

This article reports the results of an experimental study on the effectiveness of mobile technology (WhatsApp) in improving the critique writing skills of English as a Foreign Language learners and increasing their motivation for learning. The participants (n = 52) are Average-English proficient learners enrolled in two writing courses given at…

Countering the Pedagogy of Extremism: Reflective Narratives and Critiques of Problem-Based Learning

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Woo, Chris W. H.; Laxman, Kumar

2013-01-01

This paper is a critique against "purist" pedagogies found in the literature of student-centred learning. The article reproves extremism in education and questions the absolutism and teleological truths expounded in exclusive problem-based learning. The paper articulates the framework of a unifying pedagogical practice through Eve…

Using a Collaborative Critiquing Technique to Develop Chemistry Students' Technical Writing Skills

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Jeremy M.

2013-01-01

The technique, termed "collaborative critiquing", was developed to teach fundamental technical writing skills to analytical chemistry students for the preparation of laboratory reports. This exercise, which can be completed prior to peer-review activities, is novel, highly interactive, and allows students to take responsibility for their…

Knowledge, Power and Meanings Shaping Quality Assurance in Higher Education: A Systemic Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Houston, Don; Paewai, Shelley

2013-01-01

Internationally, quality assurance schemes persist despite long-standing dissatisfaction and critique of their impact and outcomes. Adopting a critical systems perspective, the article explores the relationships between the knowledge, power and meanings that stakeholder groups bring to the design and implementation of quality assurance systems.…

The Assessor Assessed: A "Revisionist" Looks at a Critique of the Sandia Report.

Science.gov (United States)

Bracey, Gerald W.

1995-01-01

In critiquing the Sandia Report, Lawrence Stedman faulted it and other revisionist reports for emphasizing trend data rather than quality and not acknowledging educational requirements within a democratic society. The article addresses the issues, presenting evidence from additional studies to argue that none of Stedman's general contentions…

Article Review: Advanced Change Theory Revisited: An Article Critique

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R. Scott Pochron

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The complexity of life in 21st century society requires new models for leadingand managing change. With that in mind, this paper revisits the model for AdvancedChange Theory (ACT as presented by Quinn, Spreitzer, and Brown in their article,“Changing Others Through Changing Ourselves: The Transformation of HumanSystems” (2000. The authors present ACT as a potential model for facilitating change incomplex organizations. This paper presents a critique of the article and summarizesopportunities for further exploring the model in the light of current trends indevelopmental and integral theory.

Foucault and the Use of Critique: Breaching the Self-Evidence of Educational Practices

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Bye, Jayne

2015-01-01

This paper poses methodological questions about the role and limits of Foucault's concept of governmentality in education research. Firstly, it argues for the utility of governmentality as a means of exploring questions of power regardless of domain or scale. Secondly, it explores the boundary between the tasks of formulating critique and…

Rita Felski, The Limits of Critique

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Corrado Confalonieri

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Professore di Letteratura inglese presso la University of Virginia – e dal 2016 Niels Bohr Professor alla University of Southern Denmark per un progetto quinquennale dedicato agli usi sociali della letteratura –, Rita Felski non è, all’interno del gruppo di studiosi che lavorano negli Stati Uniti, tra quelli più noti al pubblico italiano, e ciò non soltanto perché mancano traduzioni dei suoi libri, ma per il fatto che diversi tra questi sono rivolti a un contesto piuttosto specificamente americano. Non fa eccezione The Limits of Critique, il libro che qui si presenta e che dovrebbe costituire la seconda uscita di una trilogia avviata nel 2008 con Uses of Literature (Wiley-Blackwell e destinata a concludersi con un volume ora in fase di elaborazione dedicato al coinvolgimento estetico e alle ragioni per cui, come lettori o spettatori, siamo affascinati da un’opera d’arte.

Towards a Benjaminian Critique of Hermann Cohen’s Logical Idealism

OpenAIRE

Homburg, Phillip

2017-01-01

This article aims to examine the relationship between Walter Benjamin and neo-Kantianism, particularly Herman Cohen’s logical idealism. I divide the article into two major sections: first, I examine the development of Cohen’s philosophy and its relationship to Hermann von Helmholtz and Friedrich Albert Lange’s early neo-Kantianism; second, I examine Benjamin’s critique of Cohen. I focus specifically on two of Benjamin’s early philosophical works — the fragment “On Perception” and the text “On...

Formative versus Reflective Measurement in Executive Functions: A Critique of Willoughby et al.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Eric; Welsh, Marilyn C.

2014-01-01

Research into executive functioning (EF) has indeed grown exponentially across the past few decades, but as the Willoughby et al. critique makes clear, there remain fundamental questions to be resolved. The crux of their argument is built upon an examination of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach to understanding executive processes.…

MSFC Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount. [a technical history and management critique

Science.gov (United States)

Morse, A. R.

1974-01-01

A technical history and management critique of the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) from initial conception through the design, manufacturing, testing and prelaunch phases is presented. A mission performance summary provides a general overview of the ATM's achievements in relationship to its design goals. Recommendations and conclusions applicable to hardware design, test program philosophy and performance, and program management techniques for the ATM with potential application to future programs are also discussed.

Neural veils and the will to historical critique: why historians of science need to take the neuro-turn seriously.

Science.gov (United States)

Cooter, Roger

2014-03-01

Taking the neuro-turn is like becoming the victim of mind parasites. It's unwilled (although there are those who will it at a superficial level for various strategic reasons). You can't see mind parasites; they make you think things without allowing you to know why you think them. Indeed, they generate the cognitive inability to be other than delighted with the circumstances of your affected cognition. It's not as if you can take off your thinking cap and shoo the pests away. You can't see them--or even know that you could want to. You can't stand on the outside looking in at your cognitive processes. But historically speaking, you are also inside a (broadly postmodern) culture and (broadly neoliberal) socioeconomic order that places the legitimacy of the neuro beyond critique. And the neuro-turn does more: it delegitimizes critique itself, at least as we have known it since Marx. This essay briefly explores how we got here, what the "here" is, and what its implications are for historical critique.

Les origines de la critique de science-fiction : de Kepler à Wells

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Arthur B. Evans

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Des notes de 1634 de Johannes Kepler sur son Songe aux essais d’H. G. Wells au début du xxe siècle, il y a eu de nombreuses explorations critiques de la littérature que nous appelons à présent science-fiction. Les commentaires de ces premiers critiques (souvent oubliés importent principalement parce qu’ils exprimaient nombre des inquiétudes (sinon toutes qui deviendraient plus tard centrales à la critique de la SF du xxe siècle : l’impact de la science et de la technologie sur les valeurs humaines, la logistique du voyage spatial, les frontières fluctuantes entre le réel et l’imaginaire, la description de l’« altérité » radicale, et les futurs possibles de notre monde. Bien plus, elles soulevaient invariablement des questions essentielles concernant les traits définitoires du genre lui-même dans sa forme en constante évolution : ses thèmes de prédilection, ses visées sociales, son didactisme scientifique et moral, son degré de vraisemblance constitutif, et sa place dans le canon littéraire occidental. Enfin, à l’aube du nouveau millénaire, il semble pertinent de regarder notre passé lointain pour redécouvrir ce que ces premiers commentateurs avaient à dire des nombreux ouvrages de science-fiction de leur époque : ceci sert à approfondir notre connaissance de la continuité historique du débat actuel sur la SF et à nous faire prendre conscience de la façon dont les choses ont à la fois beaucoup et peu changé à travers les siècles.

The silencing of Kierkegaard in Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Karin

2009-01-01

The main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an important part of Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement, which has been largely ignored in the discussion; namely his use of Kierkegaard's reflections on the existential conditions for becoming one-self from Either/or and The Sickness ...... enhancement in the context of a dispute between so-called ‘liberal' and ‘conservative' arguments, and finally, the third part discusses the limits and possibilities of his position in a future debate about genetic enhancement....

Critiquing Un/Critical Pedagogies to Move toward a Pedagogy of Responsibility in Teacher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Berchini, Christina N.

2017-01-01

Transformative work with teacher candidates relies on a critique of the tenets of Critical Pedagogy and subsequent Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS). I employ analyses of extant scholarship to argue that these specific domains, as popularly framed, might be responsible for uncritical examinations of the White teacher education students who…

Carcinome épidermoïde Primitif de la Prostate: A propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

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A. Bahloul

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Le cancer de la prostate est la tumeur maligne la plus fréquente chez l’homme. La grande majorité des tumeurs de la prostate est représentée par l’adénocarcinome prostatique (jusqu’à 95%. Le carcinome épidermoïde primitif est très rare et ne représente que 0,5% à 1% des carcinomes prostatiques. Jusqu’à 2014 seulement 24 cas ont été décrits dans la littérature. Nous rapportons un nouveau cas de carcinome épidermoide primitif de la prostate chez un jeune âgé de 48 ans diagnostiqué à un stade métastatique. Malgré une chimiothérapie à base de Cisplatine et Métoxantrone, le décès est survenu 2 mois après le diagnostic. A travers cette observation et une revue de la littérature, nous discutons les différents aspects cliniques, histologiques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques de cette tumeur.

Critique in action. To fight, to play, to break

OpenAIRE

Frère, Bruno

2011-01-01

Le communisme n'est plus, les grands mouvements critiques des années 70 auraient fait long feux et il n'y aurait plus d'espace aujourd'hui que pour l'adaptation au monde tel qu'il est. Les désaffiliés doivent être réinsérés, les migrants assimilés, les jeunes adaptés, les moins jeunes reformés. L'enjeu pour tout un chacun serait aujourd'hui d'augmenter son employabilité, d'assurer sa flexibilité et sa mobilité afin de s'assurer sinon un avenir, en tout cas un statuquo dans une société trans...

'In this Interregnum' : dialectical themes in the critique of criminal justice

OpenAIRE

Carvalho, Henrique; Norrie, Alan W.

2017-01-01

In this article, we offer a critical examination of the long and rich history of criminal justice scholarship in the pages of Social & Legal Studies. We do so by identifying and exploring a dialectical tension in such scholarship, between the recognition of the role of criminal justice as an instrument of violence, exclusion and control on the one hand, and the effort to seek, through or perhaps beyond the critique of criminal justice, an emancipatory project. We explore this tension by exami...

Developing a normative critique of international trade law: special & differential treatment

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Frank J.

2007-01-01

Although the problem of trade and inequality is central to the resolution of the WTO Doha Round and to contemporary trade policy in general, it is currently undertheorized from a normative perspective. In this paper I develop a normative critique of WTO special and differential treatment law, as a case study of how normative political theory can be applied to international economic law. Using Rawls' theory of Justice as Fairness, I argue both that special and differential treatment can play a...

"Bildung" and the Historical and Genealogical Critique of Contemporary Culture: Wilhelm von Humboldt's Neo-Humanistic Theory of "Bildung" and Nietzsche's Critique of Neo-Humanistic Ideas in Classical Philology and Education

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Zelic, Tomislav

2018-01-01

To answer the question as to the relation of the idea of "Bildung" and the historical and genealogical critique of contemporary culture, this article takes a detour through nineteenth-century German thought to recall the primary ideas, institutions, and processes such as the university, knowledge/scholarship ("Wissenschaft"),…

Elements of anti-Islam populism : Critiquing Geert Wilders' politics of offense with Marcuse and Adorno

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bot, Michiel

2017-01-01

The political performances of Dutch anti-Islam populist Geert Wilders revolve around a combination of giving and taking offense. In this article, I develop a critique of Wilders’ politics of offense by revisiting two classic texts of Frankfurt School critical theory that combine social theory with

Judith Butler and the Public Dimension of the Body: Education, Critique and Corporeal Vulnerability

Science.gov (United States)

Vlieghe, Joris

2010-01-01

In this paper I discuss some thoughts Judith Butler presents regarding corporeal vulnerability. This might help to elucidate the problem of whether critical education is still possible today. I first explain why precisely the possibility of critique within education is a problem for us today. This is because the traditional means of enhancing a…

Boundedness beyond reification: cosmopolitan teacher education as critique

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Claudia Schumann

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Certain strands of cosmopolitanism have been criticized on various occasions for merely mirroring the mental framework of a global elite that stresses positive attitudes to mobility, flexibility, and disinterested objective detachment to the detriment of ‘rooted’, local and national values. In this way, it is argued, it presents a one-sided opportunistic or naively affirmative picture of processes of globalization rather than taking seriously the challenges posed by the inherently normative dimension of cosmopolitan thought and practice. The present paper will argue for a return to the critical core of the cosmopolitan idea and proposes that the critique of reification, which recently received renewed interest by philosophers of the so-called third generation Frankfurt School, can serve as a vital tool for re-imagining cosmopolitan teacher education as critique. In particular, the discussion around the recent turn towards a standards and competencies oriented teacher education in Germany will be critically examined in this regard. Rather than presenting a mere factual description of our thinking, judgments and actions, a cosmopolitan orientation should be concerned with reminding us of the importance of a continuous critical challenge of their validity. Firstly, the concept of reification will be shown to provide the conceptual resources to describe and select relevant characteristics of contemporary social pathologies that cannot be adequately captured within liberal social philosophies. A closer analysis of reification as a deficient relation to oneself, to others, or to the world will then lead to the second question of how to conceive of non-reifying forms of relatedness, commitment and boundedness as enabling new forms of expressive freedom. Instead of one-sided, narrow and hasty reactions towards a perceived ‘global challenge’—either fetishizing borders or their transgression, an critical educational cosmopolitanism should bring

Compulsory creativity – a critique of cognitive capitalism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Steen Nepper

2014-01-01

Contemporary capitalism can be labelled cognitive capitalism. In this dynamic, demanding and extremely transformative mode of production, knowledge becomes a strategic force of production and an important commodity, while concepts and ideas become items. This article sheds light on some...... of the implications of the emergence of a cognitive capitalism. In response to modern oxymorons, such as compulsory creativity and mandatory originality, this article offers various attempts to interpret and criticise how human inventiveness and a whole range of externalities get attuned to economic and market...... strategies, depriving them their natural, social and individual qualities. The aim of this article is to renew and sharpen a critique of the new type of capitalism and to foster some normative bricks that might be able to inspire alternative ways of thinking and living. Keywords: Cognitive capitalism...

Nietzsche : les Lumières et la cruauté. De l’interprétation de Nietzsche par la Théorie critique

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Agnès Gayraud

2010-09-01

Full Text Available En 1983, dans Le Discours philosophique de la modernité, la critique habermassienne de l’irrationalisme et du poststructuralisme fait basculer sans équivoque l’auteur de La Volonté de puissance dans le camp des ennemis de la Théorie critique. Toutefois, à la faveur peut-être d’une lecture qui se voulait celle de happy few, les fondateurs de la Théorie critique, Max Horkheimer et Theodor W. Adorno, n’avaient jusque-là pas fait de Friedrich Nietzsche une figure aussi menaçante. Lors d’un entretien radiophonique consacré au philosophe, enregistré à Francfort-sur-le-Main le 31 juillet 1950 en célébration du cinquantième anniversaire de sa mort, ils dénoncèrent l’« horrible mécompréhension » dont Nietzsche avait surtout fait l’objet. Par leur attention à l’ironie de Nietzsche, à la négativité de son discours, ils avaient toujours décelé dans sa pensée de la cruauté le nerf d’une pensée des Lumières telle qu’elle devait être encore affirmée au xxe siècle. Aurait-il existé une alliance paradoxale de la Théorie critique avec le théoricien du Surhomme et de l’Éternel retour, avant qu’avec Habermas la guerre ne lui soit déclarée, ainsi qu’à ses héritiers ? L’article tente de faire apparaître comment, avant cette guerre – et n’en déplaise également aux ennemis nietzschéens de la dialectique –, existait entre Nietzsche et la Théorie critique plus et mieux qu’un statu quo.

Beyond Content, Deeper than Delivery: What Critique Feedback Reveals about Communication Expectations in Design Education

Science.gov (United States)

Dannels, Deanna; Gaffney, Amy Housley; Martin, Kelly Norris

2008-01-01

In design education, the critique is a communication event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Presumably, the feedback gives the students information about their progress on the design. Yet critic feedback also serves a socializing function--providing students information about what it means to communicate well in…

Bastions of Mechanism, Castles Built on Sand: A Critique of Schooling from an Ecological Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Steen, Sandy

2003-01-01

The realization of the goals of environmental education may involve a critique and transformation of the dominant model of schooling. Specifically, a greater emphasis on second-order change is necessary in order to address the mechanistic structures and dynamics of schooling that may frustrate environmental education. Several of the mechanistic…

Critique: Can Children with AD/HD Learn Relaxation and Breathing Techniques through Biofeedback Video Games?

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, Craig; Conlon, Elizabeth

2009-01-01

This article presents a critique on K. Amon and A. Campbell's "Can children with AD/HD learn relaxation and breathing techniques through biofeedback video games?". Amon and Campbell reported a successful trial of a commercially available biofeedback program, "The Wild Divine", in reducing symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)…

Market Power and the Demsetz Quality Critique: An Evaluation for Food Retailing

OpenAIRE

Cotterill, Ronald W.; Harper, C. David

1994-01-01

This study analyzes supermarket firm prices to determine whether prices are related to market structure and whether the Demsetz quality critique is valid. Factor analysis is used to identify five service factors that are modeled with price as endogenous variables in a simultaneous equations framework to test whether a more concentrated market structure is related to higher service levels which, in turn, are related to higher prices (the Demsetz hypothesis) and whether a more concentrated mark...

Écriture (auto)biographique dans l'Examen critique d'Alexandre de Humboldt

OpenAIRE

Julian Drews

2016-01-01

Zusammenfassung Der Bezug auf Kolumbus ist ein Gemeinplatz der Humboldtbiographik. Humboldt selbst betont ihn besonders in seinem Examen critique, wo er eine autobiographische Dimension gewinnt. Der Beitrag geht aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive dem Material und den Formen der Inszenierung nach, mit denen ein Leben über ein anderes dargestellt wird.  Résumé La référence à Colomb est un lieu commun de la biographie humboldtienne. Humboldt lui-même le souligne particulière...

Wittgenstein’s Critique of Frazer and Realism/Anti-realism Concerning Religion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, Caroline

2016-01-01

This article addresses the impact the reception of Wittgenstein’s works has had on philosophy of religion and the study of religion. Wittgenstein’s critique of Frazer has inspired the current fundamental dichotomy between two views on religious belief: a cognitivist, realist interpretation...... and an expressivist, anti-realist interpretation. Wittgenstein’s account provides an interpretation of religious language that makes sense of existential and non-literal meaning of religious practices and cognitive content, and his account has become a stepping stone for a tradition in philosophy of religion...

Critiquing Research Methodology: Comments on Broader Concerns about Complex Statistical Studies. A Response to Ross

Science.gov (United States)

Stapleton, Paul

2006-01-01

Steven Ross's (2005) recent paper empirically measuring the efficacy of formative assessment compared to the summative variety found that the former produced positive effects on some aspects of language learning. In this critique, it is contended that Ross's study is flawed because his two groups of learners, one receiving summative assessment and…

Syracuse/NASA program: A historical critique: Multidisciplinary studies in management and development programs in the public sector

Science.gov (United States)

Barzelay, M. E.

1974-01-01

A historical critique is presented of the Syracuse/NASA program on management and development programs. Brief summaries are included of each of the major projects undertaken, including identification of the principal investigators and the university departments and disciplines involved.

MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S BLACK NOTEBOOKS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHICAL CRITIQUE

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A. O. Karpenko

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study is to determine the key strategies of philosophical criticism of Heidegger’s Black Notebooks, whose achievement is realized in the following tasks: 1 to identify the body of texts that represent the discourse of philosophical criticism of Heidegger notes; 2 to reveal the typological features of the different strategies of interpreting Black Notebooks; 3 to reconstruct a thematic horizon of Heidegger studies, opened up by discussion on published notes. The methodology combines elements of discourse analysis with traditional methods of historical and philosophical criticism. Scientific novelty is expressed in the following: 1 philosophical discourse of the Notebooks’ reception includes texts of narrowly specialized character (Gatherings collection of articles, as well as reflections of key philosophers (A. Badiou, J.-L. Nancy 2 basic strategies in philosophical critique of Black Notebooks convey the overall structure of the discourse of interpretation of Heidegger’s legacy, distributed between apologetics and ideological criticism; 3 Black Notebooks have exacerbated the problem of architectonics of Gesammtausgabe and formed the textual basis for the study of "silence" period in philosophical life of Heidegger. Conclusions. The discourse of philosophical critique of Heidegger’s notes proves evidence for ideological charge of philosophizing and justifies socially oriented approaches of historical and philosophical studies examining philosophizing as a special cultural practice, not as a form of sublime creativity.

The precarity of critique: Cultures of mistrust and the refusal of justification

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Witte Daniel

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper reflects on recent developments towards authoritarianism and right-wing populism that have become apparent in a number of Western societies and aims at pinpointing possible cultural foundations for this trend. Using the example of the German PEGIDA movement and the wider milieu in which it is embedded, it identifies and describes a rapidly spreading culture of mistrust and discusses some of its political and epistemological implications. In a second step, the paper draws on Luc Boltanski’s theory of justification in order to attain a better understanding of this political movement’s specificities. It is argued that it is a quasi-violent refusal of justification which is constitutive for the movement in question, thereby transcending the reach of Boltanski’s framework to some extent. In a third step, a closer look is taken at the epistemological paradox that results from the fact that a number of the PEGIDA movement’s crucial points of criticism are effectively shared by a larger part of the overall population, raising severe problems for the question of sociological critique. The paper utilizes ideas by Bruno Latour in order to illuminate this paradox further and examine its consequences. It closes with remarks on the possibility to “reassemble” trust and critique as crucial but contested - and, hence, precarious - foundations of modern society.

Simulation Frames: Young Adult Dystopian Cinema

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Alison Tedman

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This article examines the ways in which Young Adult dystopian film Divergent (2014 successfully repurposes dystopia for a young demographic, making dystopia an aesthetically appealing space for heroic adventure. The film recombines Young Adult literary tropes with film conventions including those of science fiction. Divergent and other Young Adult dystopian films modify the potential for social critique associated with canonic dystopian fiction. The article’s critical framework includes theories of dystopia and of Young Adult dystopian literature, the Freudian uncanny, studies of the post-apocalyptic film city and new media theory. In Divergent, the dystopian division of society into factions is made enjoyable through production design, particularly in ‘Dauntless’, the faction joined by heroine Tris. This extends to transmedia marketing. The book’s violence is reduced to increase audience engagement, while lack of contextual detail precludes a critical dystopia. In Divergent, the spaces and ideologies of the post-apocalyptic film city are reframed as youth culture. Chicago is gamified, connoting an adventure playground. The space of the Dauntless ‘Pit’ offers symbolic rebirth, community and romance, yet its appeal is uncanny, as with communal spaces in The Host (2013 and The Maze Runner (2014. Divergent’s mirror simulation foregrounds spectacle but other simulations construct immediacy, appearing dream-like not immersive. Like the visions in Young Adult dystopian adaptations How I Live Now (2013 and Ender’s Game (2013, simulations convey individual awareness and supernatural communication. The film combines pleasurable classification and a divergence motif with its heroine’s development, revising dystopian cinematic space. Divergent represents a new form of dystopian cinema.

Some Notes and Critiques of Selected Lexicographic Texts in Bikol

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Louward Allen Zubiri

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This study revolves around notes and critiques of Bikol lexicography. Based on a selection of six dictionaries, the structure and diachronic development of Bikol lexicography were analyzed. Half of the selected dictionaries were authored in full or part by Malcolm Mintz, a renowned Bikol expert. These enabled a linear analysis of changes in lexicography that have occurred within the span of four decades. The dictionaries studied include the earliest and most influential Bikol dictionary of Lisboa (1865. The study presents a preliminary description of lexicographic work done in Bikol and traces the shift in the paradigm of dictionary making from the Spanish era to the present.

Managing for wilderness experiences in the 21st Century: Responding to the recent wilderness critique

Science.gov (United States)

Joseph W. Roggenbuck

2012-01-01

This essay describes five major critiques of the wilderness idea and how wilderness managers might shape experience opportunities in wilderness in response. These challenges include the notions that the wilderness idea separates people from nature, that it denies the human story in "pristine" lands, that it privileges a kind of recreation favored by elites...

May the blessed man win: a critique of the categorical preference for natural talent over doping as proper origins of athletic ability.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonte, Pieter; Sterckx, Sigrid; Pennings, Guido

2014-08-01

Doping scandals can reveal unresolved tensions between the meritocratic values of equal opportunity + reward for effort and the "talentocratic" love of hereditary privilege. Whence this special reverence for talent? We analyze the following arguments: (1) talent is a unique indicator of greater potential, whereas doping enables only temporary boosts (the fluke critique); (2) developing a talent is an authentic endeavor of "becoming who you are," whereas reforming the fundamentals of your birth suit via artifice is an act of alienation (the phony critique); (3) your (lack of) talent informs you of your proper place and purpose in life, whereas doping frustrates such an amor fati self-understanding (the fateless critique). We conclude that these arguments fail to justify a categorical preference for natural talent over integrated artifice. Instead, they illustrate the extent to which unsavory beliefs about "nature's aristocracy" may still be at play in the moral theatre of sports. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Knowledge-based critiquing of graphical user interfaces with CHIMES

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Jianping; Murphy, Elizabeth D.; Carter, Leslie E.; Truszkowski, Walter F.

1994-01-01

CHIMES is a critiquing tool that automates the process of checking graphical user interface (GUI) designs for compliance with human factors design guidelines and toolkit style guides. The current prototype identifies instances of non-compliance and presents problem statements, advice, and tips to the GUI designer. Changes requested by the designer are made automatically, and the revised GUI is re-evaluated. A case study conducted at NASA-Goddard showed that CHIMES has the potential for dramatically reducing the time formerly spent in hands-on consistency checking. Capabilities recently added to CHIMES include exception handling and rule building. CHIMES is intended for use prior to usability testing as a means, for example, of catching and correcting syntactic inconsistencies in a larger user interface.

Mbeubeuss Landfill : Exploring Options to Protect Health, the ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Extrants. Articles de revue. Forum urbain mondial du 19 au 23 juin 2006, Vancouver, 30 ans après Habitat I : une nouvelle vision des villes et une coalition mondiale pour agir. Articles de revue. Benefits of partnership in urban management. Articles de revue. Vertus du partenariat dans la gestion urbaine. Articles de revue.

Decision and intuition during organizational change : an evolutionary critique of dual process theory

OpenAIRE

Talat, U; Chang, K; Nguyen, B

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review intuition in the context of organizational change. We argue that intuition as a concept requires attention and its formulation is necessary prior to its application in organizations. The paper provides a critique of Dual Process Theory and highlights shortcomings in organization theorizing of intuition.\\ud Design/methodology/approach: The paper is conceptual and provides in-depth theoretical discussions by drawing from the literature on decision...

Lost in transmission : a comprehensive critique of the BC energy plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaffer, M.; Hove, J.; Yamashita, J.

2007-06-01

This document presented an independent critique and review of the British Columbia (BC) 2007 energy plan. The critique focused on BC hydro-related policies in the energy plan, and was presented in three policy papers. The first paper addressed self-sufficiency and insurance issues. It examined the need for new sources of electricity supply in terms of imports and other market purchases that are currently used to meet BC Hydro's requirements. The second paper addressed BC Hydro electricity rates and the impacts and costs of buying high and selling low. It identified the impacts and costs of the low electricity rate policy in the energy plan, a policy that would inflate the demand for electricity and exaggerate the need for new sources of power caused by the self-sufficiency and insurance policies in the energy plan. Specifically, the second paper discussed BC Hydro rates under the energy plan, the limitations of power smart programs, distributional issues and alternative strategy. The third paper addressed supply issues in the energy plan, with particular reference to targeting low value/high cost resources. It focused on the types of resources BC Hydro had to acquire. It specifically addressed the pressure to acquire run-of-river and wind energy which, despite their superficial appeal, are low in value and high in cost, and could have significant environmental impact. It was concluded that despite the attempt to address environmental concerns, the province's energy plan is designed to artificially increase the market for new independent power producer supply. 76 refs., 9 tabs., 4 figs

Shear-Wave Splitting in a Critical Crust: the Next Step Biréfringence des ondes transversales dans les croûtes critiques : la prochaine étape

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Crampin S.

2006-12-01

échelle, qui contrôle l'ensemble du phénomène, peut maintenant être associée aux contraintes générées par les fluides baignant les fissures intergranulaires. Ceci a probablement l'avantage unique, parmi les systèmes critiques, de donner la possibilité de contrôler en chaque point les détails des déformations avant fracture et l'approche du seuil critique (dans ce cas l'approche d'une fracturation, au moyen d'observations adéquates de la biréfringence des ondes transversales. Cet article passe en revue ces développements et commente leurs conséquences et leurs applications, en particulier les conséquences sur la mise en situation critique des roches spontanément. L'étape suivante sera d'exploiter ces techniques pour modéliser, contrôler et prédire les effets de changements de conditions sur la déformation de la masse rocheuse.

Social Diversity and Democracy in Higher Education in the 21st Century: Towards a Feminist Critique

Science.gov (United States)

David, Miriam E.

2009-01-01

This paper takes a feminist perspective on the UK literature on mass higher education in the 21st century, building on US critiques about marketization, neo-liberalism and "academic capitalism". Concepts of equality and diversity have been transformed by neo-liberalism and how these changes have constrained democratic contributions to UK…

Qualitative research and the politics of knowledge in an age of evidence: developing a research-based practice of immanent critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Mykhalovskiy, Eric; Armstrong, Pat; Armstrong, Hugh; Bourgeault, Ivy; Choiniere, Jackie; Lexchin, Joel; Peters, Suzanne; White, Jerry

2008-07-01

This paper offers an expository discussion of an approach to qualitative health research we call immanent critique. The central analytic move of immanent critique, as we have practiced it, is to explore how claims that are internal to authoritative discourse are experienced by those who have been excluded from their formulation. This paper contributes to the discussion of the politics of qualitative research methods in an age of evidence. We do so by responding to a recent call to move beyond the micro-politics of the qualitative research encounter to consider the overall political effects of qualitative research. We argue that the political effects of research are partly enabled by mundane practices internal to the research process. We explore how this is so by considering one formulation of immanent critique--a qualitative study of the introduction of continuous quality improvement in Ontario hospitals. We emphasize how practices internal to our research--trade union collaboration, our orientation to authoritative claims, and procedures for generating and representing health care workers' experiences--helped shape the political effects of our research. The latter include challenges to managerial claims about neo-liberal health reform and broadening the evidentiary terrain upon which interlocutors can participate in public debate about health care restructuring.

"Dirty little secret" or "Untidy quilt"? A critique of the strategic process literature

OpenAIRE

Laljani, Narendra

2005-01-01

This literature critique forms the starting point of a research project on the development of strategic capability within the context of the realities of the strategic process. We begin by addressing the definitions of strategic process and exploring its importance. We then examine the evolution of the domain, a selection of archetypes of the strategic process, as well as some “sense-making“ devices. The role of the strategist is discussed, and we also ask if strategy-making ca...

Prise en charge de l’infection gonococcique chez les adultes et les jeunes

Science.gov (United States)

Pogany, Lisa; Romanowski, Barbara; Robinson, Joan; Gale-Rowe, Margaret; Latham-Carmanico, Cathy; Weir, Christine; Wong, Tom

2015-01-01

Résumé Objectif Présenter des recommandations sur la prise en charge de l’infection gonococcique chez les adultes et les jeunes. Qualité des données Les recommandations thérapeutiques des lignes directrices canadiennes sur les infections transmissibles sexuellement reposent sur une recherche documentaire de même que sur des catégories de recommandations et des niveaux de qualité de données déterminés par au moins 2 évaluateurs. Les recommandations ont été revues par des pairs et sont en instance d’approbation par le groupe de travail d’experts. Message principal Les nouvelles recommandations portant sur la prise en charge de l’infection gonococcique chez les adultes et les jeunes préconisent les cultures à titre d’outil diagnostique lorsqu’elles sont pratiques, le traitement par antibiothérapie combinée (ceftriaxone associée à l’azithromycine) et le signalement sans délai de tous les cas dont le traitement a échoué aux autorités de santé publique. Conclusion Si elles sont suivies, ces nouvelles recommandations pourraient réduire l’échec thérapeutique, contribuer à une surveillance plus étroite des tendances à la résistance de Neisseria gonorrhoeae aux antibiotiques et contribuer à prévenir la transmission de gonorrhée résistante à plusieurs médicaments.

Foucault and the Imperatives of Education: Critique and Self-Creation in a Non-Foundational World

Science.gov (United States)

Olssen, Mark

2006-01-01

This article outlines Foucault's conception of critique in relation to his writings on Kant. In that Kant saw Enlightenment as a process of release from the status of immaturity in that we accept someone else's authority to lead us in areas where the use of reason is called for, it is claimed in this article that Foucault's notion of critique…

Hackers against technology: Critique and recuperation in technological cycles.

Science.gov (United States)

Maxigas

2017-12-01

I offer an interpretation of hackers' technological choices through a theoretical framework of critique and recuperation in technological cycles, building on prior research that brings the pragmatic sociology of Boltanski and Chiapello to bear on matters in Science and Technology Studies. I argue that contextualizing technology choices in the development of capitalism through innovation illuminates their political significance. I start with the counterintuitive observation that some browser extensions popular with hackers, like RequestPolicy, make it considerably harder for them to look at websites. This observation showcases the Luddite aspects of hackerdom, in that they are willing to 'break' popular websites that would otherwise cheat on the user. In line with an undercurrent of hacker studies, in this case study I find hackers fighting technological progress they see as social decline.

A Critique: Jared Diamond’s Collapse Put In Perspective

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Emma Gause

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Jared Diamond’s book 'Collapse' captivated readers with its tales of past great civilizations succumbing to dramatic cycles of decline, and among them are the ancient Maya. Diamond’s model of the Maya collapse has become quite popular since its publication, however numerous other divergent theories exist as well, which attempt to explain the phenomenon. Diamond, buoyed by the success of his book and his renown as an author, is the assumed authority, despite academic criticism. By comparing Diamond’s 'Collapse' with current research I hope to critique Diamond and thus elucidate the condition of the Maya decline concerning the roles of the environment, the regional variability of various sociopolitical dynamics, such as those that were played out in the Petexbatun region, and the extent of Post Classic continuation of Maya tradition.

Roman Jakobson contre Leo Spitzer : militantisme critique et défense d’une méthode

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Daniel Maira

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Toute critique militante suppose, d’une part, une prise de position contre une thèse hégémonique ou bien consolidée qu’il faut rejeter pour en montrer les limites, et, d’autre part, une nouvelle réflexion théorique qui doit néanmoins être expliquée et illustrée. Des méthodologies différentes appliquées aux mêmes objets littéraires peuvent dès lors engager des analyses textuelles discordantes. Nous aimerions étudier les lectures que Leo Spitzer et Roman Jakobson proposent du sonnet CXIII de l’Olive de Joachin Du Bellay (1550, en les contextualisant d’abord dans le débat théorique des années 1960-1970. Les essais des deux critiques militent en faveur d’une « défense et illustration » de leur méthode en matière d’analyse littéraire. 

Decoherence in quantum gravity: issues and critiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anastopoulos, C [Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras (Greece); Hu, B L [Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111 (United States)

2007-05-15

An increasing number of papers have appeared in recent years on decoherence in quantum gravity at the Planck energy. We discuss the meaning of decoherence in quantum gravity starting from the common notion that quantum gravity is a theory for the microscopic structures of spacetime, and invoking some generic features of quantum decoherence from the open systems viewpoint. We dwell on a range of issues bearing on this process including the relation between statistical and quantum, noise from effective field theory, the meaning of stochasticity, the origin of non-unitarity and the nature of nonlocality in this and related contexts. To expound these issues we critique on two representative theories: One claims that decoherence in quantum gravity scale leads to the violation of CPT symmetry at sub-Planckian energy which is used to explain today's particle phenomenology. The other uses this process in place with the Brownian motion model to prove that spacetime foam behaves like a thermal bath. A companion paper will deal with intrinsic and fundamental decoherence which also bear on issues in classical and quantum gravity.

Decoherence in quantum gravity: issues and critiques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anastopoulos, C; Hu, B L

2007-01-01

An increasing number of papers have appeared in recent years on decoherence in quantum gravity at the Planck energy. We discuss the meaning of decoherence in quantum gravity starting from the common notion that quantum gravity is a theory for the microscopic structures of spacetime, and invoking some generic features of quantum decoherence from the open systems viewpoint. We dwell on a range of issues bearing on this process including the relation between statistical and quantum, noise from effective field theory, the meaning of stochasticity, the origin of non-unitarity and the nature of nonlocality in this and related contexts. To expound these issues we critique on two representative theories: One claims that decoherence in quantum gravity scale leads to the violation of CPT symmetry at sub-Planckian energy which is used to explain today's particle phenomenology. The other uses this process in place with the Brownian motion model to prove that spacetime foam behaves like a thermal bath. A companion paper will deal with intrinsic and fundamental decoherence which also bear on issues in classical and quantum gravity

Conflicts of Interest and Incentives to Bias: A Microeconomic Critique of Google’s Tangled Position on the Web

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rieder, B.; Sire, G.

2014-01-01

Media scholars have studied and critiqued search engines - and in particular the dominant commercial actor, Google - for over a decade. Several conceptual and methodological problems, such as a lack of technological transparency, have made a detailed analysis of concrete power relations and their

The Egyptian Islamic Group’s Critique of Al-Qaeda’s Interpretation of Jihad

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Paul Kamolnick

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A specific branch of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh al-jihad regulates the waging of the jihad of the sword (jihad bis saif. In this article, a detailed exposition is presented of the Egyptian Islamic Group’s (IG; Al-Gama’a Al-Islamiyya use of fiqh al jihad against Al-Qaeda. The present author’s ‘jihad-realist’ approach is first briefly described; the IG’s critique of AQ systematically outlined; and in conclusion, implications are derived for counter-radicalisation strategies.

“Feminism” as Ideology: Sarah Palin’s Anti-feminist Feminism and Ideology Critique

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Michelle Rodino-Colocino

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The point of this essay is threefold: to describe the main tenets of Marx’s theory of ideology by critically engaging in the work of Marx and Engels, to flesh out the claim that Sarah Palin’s  “feminism” works ideologically as Marx and Engels describe, and consequently, to demonstrate that ideology critique is important intellectual work for feminist Marxist scholars. As I suggest in the conclusion, this is work that should inform scholars’ political activism.

Henri Mitterand – Critique génétique et sociocritique

OpenAIRE

Mitterand, Henri; Biasi, Pierre-Marc de; Herschberg Pierrot, Anne

2013-01-01

Henri Mitterand est l’un des fondateurs de la sociocritique en France, et de la génétique zolienne. Il est aussi linguiste, sémioticien et stylisticien. Nous l’avons interrogé sur les relations complexes de la génétique et de la sociocritique. Sociocritique et sociogenèse Pierre-Marc de Biasi – Après une trentaine d’années de recul et d’expérience, quelle place donneriez-vous à la sociocritique et à la sociogenèse dans la construction du nouveau rapport critique qui s’est institué avec les ma...

Ethos and Critique: a Contribution to Ethics in Research and Education

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Gerd

The aim of this paper is to discuss Michel Foucault’s concept of ethos and the possibilities and limitations of this position. In addition, I will argue that Foucault’s insistently critical stance and power/knowledge concept can be considered as an ethical stance different from both deontology...... as well as to supervise the students in group dynamics and not just – as it is currently done – in the academic skills and content matters. Thus, it points at the ethical qualities of the critical work of Foucault: that critique is an appeal to be constantly aware of what we are doing, and that what we...

Bridging the Gap between Human Resource Development and Adult Education: Part One, Assumptions, Definitions, and Critiques

Science.gov (United States)

Hatcher, Tim; Bowles, Tuere

2013-01-01

Human resource development (HRD) as a scholarly endeavor and as a practice is often criticized in the adult education (AE) literature and by AE scholars as manipulative and oppressive and, through training and other interventions, controlling workers for strictly economic ends (Baptiste, 2001; Cunningham, 2004; Schied, 2001; Welton, 1995).…

Learning to Critique and Adapt Science Curriculum Materials: Examining the Development of Preservice Elementary Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Science.gov (United States)

Beyer, Carrie J.; Davis, Elizabeth A.

2012-01-01

Teachers often engage in curricular planning by critiquing and adapting existing curriculum materials to contextualize lessons and compensate for their deficiencies. Designing instruction for students is shaped by teachers' ability to apply a variety of personal resources, including their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study…

Catherine Parayre, « Les impostures de l’écriture : “Comment réussir sa vie” de Paul Savoie et La critique de Céline Forcier

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Catherine Parayre

2016-12-01

Full Text Available En soi, les calculs secrets de tout imposteur ont pour objectif de manipuler autrui et de le convaincre à croire vrai ce qui ne l’est pas. Dans la nouvelle « Comment réussir sa vie » de Paul Savoie (L’empire des rôdeurs, 2004 tout autant que dans le roman La critique (2012 de Céline Forcier, l’imposture consiste chez le protagoniste à s’arroger le rôle d’écrivain sans toutefois se soumettre à la critique, c’est-à-dire à publier un texte en passant outre les règles du monde de l’édition. Savoie et Forcier dressent ainsi le portrait complexe, ni approbateur ni antipathique, d’auteurs isolés mais opiniâtres. Dans une critique sous-jacente, ils n’épargnent pas non plus les excès et autres dysfonctionnements de l’institution littéraire. Au-delà de destins particuliers, « Comment réussir sa vie » et La critique se font surtout l’écho de questions et thèmes volontiers abordés dans l’écriture en milieu minoritaire. L’article entreprend de déterminer dans quelle mesure ces deux textes explorent diverses facettes de la figure de l’écrivain franco-ontarien.

L'impact de la relation soignant-soigné dans la prise en soin de la douleur aigüe en post-opératoire chez l'adulte: travail de Bachelor

OpenAIRE

Ferrero, Mathilde; Gaspar, Catherine; Pacini, Wendy

2017-01-01

Contexte : L’incidence de la douleur post-opératoire (DPO) n’a cessé d’augmenter ces dernières années. Elle constitue une préoccupation majeure au vu de ses effets délétères sur la qualité de vie et sur le système de santé. Les infirmiers-ères occupent une place centrale dans la gestion de l’antalgie. Objectif : L’objectif de cette revue de littérature est d'identifier l’impact de l’interaction soignant-soigné dans la prise en soin de la douleur post-opératoire. La revue de la littérature est...

A Review and Critique of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Etiologies

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Steven Charles Hertler

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The present review and critique of extant etiological theories centers on a single finding: Obsessive-compulsive personality is highly heritable (0.78 and not significantly influenced by “common, shared-in-families environmental factors” (Torgersen et al., 2000, p. 424. This finding, though twelve years old, has remained dissociated from existing etiological accounts. Psychoanalytic theories anachronistically maintain that obsessive personality is familially forged. Biological theories, few, unelaborated and weakened by postulating proximate instead of ultimate explanations, fail to seriously reckon with Torgersen’s findings. Truly integrating heritability estimates into a functional etiological account of obsessive character, it is argued in the discussion section, will come from an evolutionary model that understands obsessive personality to be an evolved strategy rather than a dysfunctional disorder.

A critique of Jeffrey D. Sachs's The end of poverty.

Science.gov (United States)

Henwood, Doug

2006-01-01

Jeffrey Sachs's The End of Poverty is a manifesto and how-to guide on ending extreme poverty around the world; it promotes the U.N. Millennium Development Goals. Sachs achieved fame with his policy package for the "stabilization" of Bolivia (which did nothing to relieve Bolivia's poverty), and became advisor to the Yeltsin government in Russia and to Poland, Slovenia, and Estonia as they began their transitions to capitalism (the last three mixed successes; Russia a thorough disaster). Sachs later became more prominent as a critic of development orthodoxy, and was economic advisor to the Jubilee 2000 movement. The End of Poverty is full of sharp critiques of Western imperialism, but his views on the rest of the development business are more conventional.

Constructivism in Science and Science Education: A Philosophical Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Nola, Robert

This paper argues that constructivist science education works with an unsatisfactory account of knowledge which affects both its account of the nature of science and of science education. The paper begins with a brief survey of realism and anti-realism in science and the varieties of constructivism that can be found. In the second section the important conception of knowledge and teaching that Plato develops in the Meno is contrasted with constructivism. The section ends with an account of the contribution that Vico (as understood by constructivists), Kant and Piaget have made to constructivist doctrines. Section three is devoted to a critique of the theory of knowledge and the anti-realism of von Glaserfeld. The final section considers the connection, or lack of it, between the constructivist view of science and knowledge and the teaching of science.

A Critique of Block on Abortion and Child Abandonment

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Jakub Bożydar Wiśniewski

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The present paper offers a critique of Block on the issues of abortion and child abandonment. Block regards aborting a fetus or abandoning a child as an instance of exercising one’s libertarian right of expelling trespassers from one’s private property. I argue that the above reasoning is flawed due to the lack of the appreciation of the fact that if one voluntarily initiates the causal chain which leads to someone else ending up on his property, the latter person cannot be considered a trespasser. Furthermore, in the light of the above observation, any direct effects resulting from that person’s eviction should be considered the responsibility of the property’s owner. All of this follows from the simple logical fact that in all links of the causal chain under consideration the owner is the ultimate causal agent.

Critique with Limits—The Construction of American Religion in BioShock: Infinite

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Jan Wysocki

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Released in 2013, BioShock: Infinite is a blockbuster first-person shooter which explores topics of American nationalism and religion. This article examines how religion is represented within the game and how motifs from American religious history are used to construct its game world. After an overview of the game’s production process and a literature review, several specific religious and historical motifs are discussed. Through a dissection of the aesthetic and narrative dimensions of the game, the article analyzes elements of religious history from which the developers of Infinite drew their inspiration, such as the biblical motif of Exodus or the still-popular concept of millennialism. The analysis shows how the game uses familiar but simultaneously transformed American imagery, such as a religiously legitimated American Exceptionalism in which George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin are worshiped as saintly figures. Infinite plays with popular notions of evangelical religion, mixed with themes related to so-called dangerous cults and sects. In this construction, Infinite strangely vacillates between a biting liberal caricature of religiously fueled nationalism and a nod to widespread moderate mainstream values in which unusual religious movements are negatively portrayed. The article argues that a critique of a mainstream religious movement such as evangelical Christianity is not possible for a multi-billion-dollar industry which is wary of critical topics that may potentially estrange its broad consumer base. In such instances, critique can only be applied to forms of religion that are already viewed as strange by the popular discourse.

On the 209Po half-life error and its confirmation. A critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colle, R.; Colle, A.M.

2016-01-01

A recent report on 209 Po claimed to have made a determination of the 125-a half-life from measurements made over 0.8 % of one half-life. A careful reanalysis of the original data with a more complete and rigorous consideration of the underlying uncertainties demonstrates that this claim cannot withstand critical scrutiny. More importantly, this critique examines the larger issue as to what constitutes a valid half-life determination, and highlights that a careful and realistic analysis beyond the mere fitting of decay data to an exponential function is required for the measurement and reporting of half-life values. (author)

CRITIQUE OF FUNCTIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF ANTHONY GIDDENS AND NORBERT ELIAS: A COMPARISON

OpenAIRE

Šņitņikovs, Aleksejs

2017-01-01

The purpose of the paper is to assess the arguments of the critique of functionalism by Anthony Giddens and Norbert Elias. After being subject to severe criticism, terminology of functionalism is still a part of the lexicon of social scientists nowadays. Functionalist reasoning and concepts of functionalism are used in sociology, political science and economics, even though often without full awareness of its theoretical implications. Recent revival of interest in the works by Elias is connec...

What’s so Critical about Critical Neuroscience? -Rethinking Experiment, Enacting Critique

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Des eFitzgerald

2014-05-01

Full Text Available In the midst of on-going hype about the power and potency of the new brain sciences, scholars within ‘Critical Neuroscience’ have called for a more nuanced and sceptical neuroscientific knowledge-practice. Drawing especially on the Frankfurt School, they urge neuroscientists towards a more critical approach – one that re-inscribes the objects and practices of neuroscientific knowledge within webs of social, cultural, historical and political-economic contingency. This paper is an attempt to open up the black-box of ‘critique’ within Critical Neuroscience itself. Specifically, we argue that limiting enactments of critique to the invocation of context misses the force of what a highly-stylized and tightly-bound neuroscientific experiment can actually do. We show that, within the neuroscientific experiment itself, the world-excluding and context-denying ‘rules of the game’ may also enact critique, in novel and surprising forms, while remaining formally independent of the workings of society, and culture, and history. To demonstrate this possibility, we analyze the Optimally Interacting Minds paradigm, a neuroscientific experiment that used classical psychophysical methods to show that, in some situations, people worked better as a collective, and not as individuals – a claim that works precisely against reactionary tendencies that prioritise individual over collective agency, but that was generated and legitimized entirely within the formal, context-denying conventions of neuroscientific experimentation. At the heart of this paper is a claim that it was precisely the rigours and rules of the experimental game that allowed these scientists to enact some surprisingly critical, and even radical, gestures. We conclude by suggesting that, in the midst of large-scale neuroscientific initiatives, it may be 'experiment,' and not 'context,' that forms the meeting-ground between neuro-biological and socio-political research practices.

Critique to the contemporaneous cynic reason: life and learning relationship review.

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Diana Milena Peñuela Contreras

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In the present article it is proposed to think about life and learning relationship from the turn produced by the introduction of the cynical reason in the contemporaneous societies. Three stages form this writing. In the first one, the ways of functioning of the critique to the cynical reason, from Sloterdjik and Deleuze, are contextualized. In the second one, the implications of such cynical reason, designated by Sloterdjik as reversion of the life’s effects on the learning and their relationship are discussed. And in the third one, the Jacotot’s experience, reconstructed by Jaques Ranciere, is picked up in order to give other senses and understandings to today’s life-learning relationship.

A Design Anthropology Critique of Active Aging as Ageism

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Linda Tonolli

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper proposes a design anthropology critique of active aging as ageism in the design of information technologies for seniors. With ageism we refer to narratives coalesced around the label “active aging” in European policies and system design that focus on seniors as a homogeneous group of people in need of help. We discuss the findings of two empirical participatory design projects we have been dealing with: 1 a bottom­-up senior organization in a small village in a mountain area and 2 a series of workshops organized with seniors in an urban area. In both cases, the relations between the anthropologist and the people involved, prompted reflexive moments that brought anthropological relocations of the designers' perspective. In conclusion, we stress how such relocations could benefit participatory designs through the concept of design by subtraction and the adoption of a feminist perspective.

Toward a Polanyian Critique of Technology: Attending "from" the Indwelling of Tools "to" the Course of Technological Civilization

Science.gov (United States)

van Pelt, James Clement

2011-01-01

As a scientist, Michael Polanyi made significant advances in chemistry and economics. From that deep hands-on experience, he derived a powerful critique of prevailing ideas of knowledge and the proper role of science. He demonstrated that disregarding or eliminating the personal embodiment of knowing in the tacit dimension in pursuit of purely…

A cultural critique of community psychiatry in India.

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, Sumeet; Jadhav, Sushrut

2008-01-01

This article is the first comprehensive cultural critique of India's official community mental health policy and program. Data are based on a literature review of published papers, conference proceedings, analyses of official policy and popular media, interviews with key Indian mental health professionals, and fieldwork in Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh (2004-2006). The authors demonstrate how three influences have shaped community psychiatry in India: a cultural asymmetry between health professionals and the wider society, psychiatry's search for both professional and social legitimacy, and WHO policies that have provided the overall direction to the development of services. Taken together, the consequences are that rural community voices have been edited out. The authors hypothesize that community psychiatry in India is a bureaucratic and culturally incongruent endeavor that increases the divide between psychiatry and local rural communities. Such a claim requires sustained ethnographic fieldwork to reveal the dynamics of the gap between community and professional experiences. The development of culturally sensitive psychiatric theory and clinical services is essential to improve the mental health of rural citizens who place their trust in India's biomedical network.

time-consciuosness: a presentation and critique of Husserl's phenomenology on the consciousness of internal time

OpenAIRE

Nissen Løje, Kamille; Mommer, Trine Kirstine; Sørensen, Emma Amalie Forum; Rasmussen, Nina Randrup; Lundkvist, Silas

2009-01-01

The project is based on Edmund Husserl’s lectures from 1905, On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time (1893-1917). The project is twofold; the first part is an account of Husserl’s branch of phenomenology. The second part consists of a discussion- and critique of some of the concepts in his phenomenology, which was needed to answer our problem definition. Discussions were among others, a distinction between recollection and retention, and protention and anticipation. Further...

Why do humans behave as they do? Answers based on “human nature" and their critique

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Ciro Flamarion Cardoso

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article focus on one of the possible kinds of answers to the question: what can explain the behavior and the actions of human beings? Namely, it analyses the answers to this question that stress a determinant human nature, be it genetic, otherwise natural, or not clearly attributed to natural factors. Critiques and alternatives, supported by the paper’s author, are also examined.

A behavior-analytic critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory

Science.gov (United States)

Biglan, Anthony

1987-01-01

A behavior-analytic critique of self-efficacy theory is presented. Self-efficacy theory asserts that efficacy expectations determine approach behavior and physiological arousal of phobics as well as numerous other clinically important behaviors. Evidence which is purported to support this assertion is reviewed. The evidence consists of correlations between self-efficacy ratings and other behaviors. Such response-response relationships do not unequivocally establish that one response causes another. A behavior-analytic alternative to self-efficacy theory explains these relationships in terms of environmental events. Correlations between self-efficacy rating behavior and other behavior may be due to the contingencies of reinforcement that establish a correspondence between such verbal predictions and the behavior to which they refer. Such a behavior-analytic account does not deny any of the empirical relationships presented in support of self-efficacy theory, but it points to environmental variables that could account for those relationships and that could be manipulated in the interest of developing more effective treatment procedures. PMID:22477956

Mind-body Dualism: A critique from a Health Perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Mehta, Neeta

2011-01-01

Philosophical theory about the nature of human beings has far reaching consequences on our understanding of various issues faced by them. Once taken as self-evident, it becomes the foundation on which knowledge gets built. The cause of concern is that this theoretical framework rarely gets questioned despite its inherent limitations and self-defeating consequences, leading to crisis in the concerned field. The field, which is facing crisis today, is that of medicine, and the paradigmatic stance that is responsible for the crisis is Cartesian dualism-a view that mind and body are essentially separate entities. This paper discusses Cartesian dualism in the context of the practice of medicine. Focusing more closely on how disease, health and treatment are defined through this position, the paper builds up its critique by throwing light on its accomplishments, limitations and self-defeating consequences. The paper also seeks to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people.

Mind-body Dualism: A critique from a Health Perspective**

Science.gov (United States)

Mehta, Neeta

2011-01-01

Philosophical theory about the nature of human beings has far reaching consequences on our understanding of various issues faced by them. Once taken as self-evident, it becomes the foundation on which knowledge gets built. The cause of concern is that this theoretical framework rarely gets questioned despite its inherent limitations and self-defeating consequences, leading to crisis in the concerned field. The field, which is facing crisis today, is that of medicine, and the paradigmatic stance that is responsible for the crisis is Cartesian dualism—a view that mind and body are essentially separate entities. This paper discusses Cartesian dualism in the context of the practice of medicine. Focusing more closely on how disease, health and treatment are defined through this position, the paper builds up its critique by throwing light on its accomplishments, limitations and self-defeating consequences. The paper also seeks to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people. PMID:21694971

In defence of pedagogy: a critique of the notion of andragogy.

Science.gov (United States)

Darbyshire, P

1993-10-01

Malcolm Knowles' theory of andragogy has gained increasing acceptance among nurse educators. Andragogy is espoused as a progressive educational theory, adopted as a theoretical underpinning for curricula and is even considered to be synonymous with a variety of teaching techniques and strategies such as 'problem-based' and 'self-directed' learning. This paper offers a critique of the notion of andragogy which maintains that the distinction created between andragogy and pedagogy is spurious and based upon assumptions which are untenable. It is argued that andragogy has been uncritically accepted within nursing education in much the same way that the nursing process and models of nursing were in their day. Finally, it is claimed that true pedagogy has far more radical, powerful and transformative possibilities for nursing education.

Patterns of Feedback on the Bridge to Independence: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of NIH Mentored Career Development Award Application Critiques.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaatz, Anna; Dattalo, Melissa; Regner, Caitlin; Filut, Amarette; Carnes, Molly

2016-01-01

NIH Mentored Career Development (K) Awards bridge investigators from mentored to independent research. A smaller proportion of women than men succeed in this transition. The aim of this qualitative study was to analyze reviewers' narrative critiques of K award applications and explore thematic content of feedback provided to male and female applicants. We collected 88 critiques, 34 from 9 unfunded and 54 from 18 funded applications, from 70% (n = 26) of investigators at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with K awards funded between 2005 and 2009 on the first submission or after revision. We qualitatively analyzed text in the 5 critique sections: candidate, career development plan, research plan, mentors, and environment and institutional commitment. We explored thematic content within these sections for male and female applicants and for applicants who had received a subsequent independent research award by 2014. Themes revealed consistent areas of criticism for unfunded applications and praise for funded applications. Subtle variations in thematic content appeared for male and female applicants: For male applicants criticism was often followed by advice but for female applicants it was followed by questions about ability; praise recurrently characterized male but not female applicants' research as highly significant with optimism for future independence. Female K awardees that obtained subsequent independent awards stood out as having track records described as "outstanding." This exploratory study suggests that K award reviewer feedback, particularly for female applicants, should be investigated as a potential contributor to research persistence and success in crossing the bridge to independence.

Participation, Power, Critique: Constructing a Standard for Electronic Patient Records

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bossen, Claus

2006-01-01

  The scope of participatory design is discussed through the case of a national standard for electronic patient records (EPR) in Denmark. Currently within participatory design, the relationship between participatory methods and techniques on the one hand and critical and emancipatory aims...... on the other hand is discussed. Some argue that participation in itself entails a strive towards democracy, others argue that the tendency to focus upon tools, techniques and the arena of single projects should be supplemented with emancipatory aims, such as technology assessment and critique of dominance....... These issues are discussed through the controversies around the test in late 2004 of a prototype application based on BEHR, a standard developed from 1999 to 2005 for EPRs. I argue that participation is valuable, but that the scope of participatory design should also include critical conceptualizations...

Ernesto Laclau and Critical Media Studies: Marxism, Capitalism, and Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schou, Jannick

2016-01-01

im-plications have been either overlooked or forgotten altogether. This paper seeks to reflect on the po-tentials and obstacles within Laclau’s work for critical media studies by engaging with the role of Marx-ism, capitalism and critique. First, the paper addresses the relation between Marxism...... and post-Marxism by arguing that rather than abandoning Marxism, Laclau actively situates his own work as a dialogue with and against this tradition. Second, the paper addresses the relation between Laclau’s analysis of so-called globalised capitalism and political struggle, which leads to a discussion...... and needs to receive further attention by future research. By providing an extended discussion of Laclau’s own work, this paper seeks to contribute to the critical application of discourse theory within the field of media studies and contribute to the on-going dialogue between Marxism, post-Marxism...

The Veil of Professionalism: An Autoethnographic Critique of White Positional Identities in the Figured Worlds of White Research Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Pennington, Julie L.; Prater, Kathryn

2016-01-01

Two white researchers critique the professional veil of silence they created as they reflected on a qualitative study they performed 12 years earlier. Autoethnography and performance ethnography are utilized to examine the ways in which whiteness can remain unexamined throughout the research process due to the construction of white positional…

Comment « construire » une littérature nationale ? À propos des deux premières « Revue belge » (1830 et 1835-1843

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Lieven D’hulst

2008-10-01

Full Text Available La construction de la nation belge à partir de 1830 mobilise l’ensemble des pratiques culturelles, la littérature comprise. Mais celle-ci doit composer avec une double attente : s’inféoder aux programmes culturels émanant d’instances nationales qui la privent d’autonomie au moment où sa consœur française cherche à se libérer de la tutelle politique ; vaincre les résistances, dues notamment à la diversité des langues en Belgique, qui s’opposent au projet d’une littérature nationale homogène. L’étude de deux revues belges fondées au début des années 1830 vise à identifier et à analyser les principales procédures de construction littéraires, qui sont pour l’essentiel le fruit de transferts de modèles français. L’article se penche en particulier sur des procédures discursives qui portent sur l’énonciation (postures critiques et historiques, sur l’énoncé (dispositifs narratifs, traductifs, historiques, etc. et sur la langue (français, wallon, flamand.The construction of the Belgian nation from 1830 on makes a strong use of most cultural practices available, including literature. However, Belgian literature has to face at that time two major constraints: the need to subject itself to the larger cultural programs elaborated by national instances that hold back its autonomy at a moment when French literature tries to free itself of political meddlings; the need to supersede internal resistances, caused a.o. by language diversity, against a homogenous national literature. The article identifies and analyzes a number of construction procedures as they appear in two Belgian periodicals issued at the beginnings of the 1830s. More specifically, it concentrates on the most important discursive procedures, that make a dominant use of French models: procedures affecting enunciation, genre and language.De constructie van de Belgische natie vanaf 1830 doet in sterke mate een beroep op de verschillende

Genetic damage from diagnostic radiation: a critique of the Bross and Natarajan study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oppenheim, B.E.

1979-01-01

Bross and Natarajan have presented the hypothesis that low-dose fetal irradiation in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 rads confines its damage to 1% of the irradiated subjects and that for this affected group there is a 5000% increase in the risk of leukemia as compared with unexposed subjects. Earlier studies have indicated an increased risk of leukemia of approximately 50% following such radiation, so this hypothesis would suggest that for the affected group the radiation is 100 times more dangerous than previously suspected. Bross and Natarajan claimed that their arguments established clear prima facie evidence that exposure to the low levels of ionizing radiation can produce a drastically increased risk of leukemia. Bross and associates constructed dosage response curves for the 1-rad range, from which they concluded that the hazards of exposure in this range are an order of magnitude greater than currently estimated. On this basis, Bross has appeared before a US Senate committee to call for elaborate restrictions on the use of diagnostic x-rays. He has also presented his findings at a public meeting sponsored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to gain popular support for his contentions regarding low-level radiadion. The analysis of adult exposure by Bross et al that appeared in a recent issue of the American Journal of Public Health received a thorough critique in the same issue. The analysis of fetal exposure appearing in the Journal has not been adequately examined, since published criticism has been limited to two letters to the editor. In view of the serious nature of their contentions and the much stricter regulation of radiation exposure that would follow should they be judged correct, it is important that certain previously unreported deficiencies in the Bross and Natarajan study be brought to public attention. These will be presented in the form of five criticisms

Gendered Practices in the Contemporary Workplace: A Critique of What Often Constitutes Front Page News in "The Wall Street Journal."

Science.gov (United States)

Buzzanell, Patrice M.

2001-01-01

Analyzes and critiques a front-page article in the "Wall Street Journal." Finds that, underlying an image of fun and equitable workplace, is a disquieting depiction of adversarial gendered relationships, and of career advice that can damage the competence assessments and long-term advancement of women. (SR)

Make me wanna holler: Meshell Ndegeocello, Black queer aesthetics, and feminist critiques.

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, Matt

2014-01-01

This article examines the music and performance of Meshell Ndegeocello, arguing that they are part of a cross-Atlantic conversation that pushes the boundaries of Black feminist thought on masculinity and desire. From the time of her debut album in 1993, Ndegeocello has resisted categorization both in her public personae and in her music. Ndegeocello's refusal to be restricted in her stage performance and in her musical expression has created a rich text through which to read Black female masculinity. Her work has been particularly productive in rethinking (Black) feminist couplings of patriarchy with male anatomy. Ndegeocello's music challenges any one representation of female masculinity, mixing critiques of masculine privilege and violence with celebrations of pleasure and pansexual desire.

Critique of the „official critique” of neoliberal reforms in higher education

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Oskar Szwabowski

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In this article I criticise theoretical structure which is employed in critiquesof higher education reforms within the domain of pedagogy. I argue thatcritique of neoliberalism in education doesn’t recognise the dynamics of change and„necessity” of transformation. Both critique and defense of neoliberal reforms donot transcend capitalist „separation” and institutionalization typical of particularorders. In practical terms, it results in reactive resistance, either in the form of defenseof privileges of „leisure class or attempt to brink back the period of „class compromise”.In this way, it is not able to develop a radical practice, transcend „ideologicalstate apparatus” and produce a radical practice as well as education based on democracyand equality.

Developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of Australopithecus sediba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keely B. Carlson

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The type specimen of Australopithecus sediba (MH1 is a late juvenile, prompting some commentators to suggest that had it lived to adulthood its morphology would have changed sufficiently so as to render hypotheses regarding its phylogenetic relations suspect. Considering the potentially critical position of this species with regard to the origins of the genus Homo, a deeper understanding of this change is especially vital. As an empirical response to this critique, a developmental simulation of the MH1 cranium was carried out using geometric morphometric techniques to extrapolate adult morphology using extant male and female chimpanzees, gorillas and humans by modelling remaining development. Multivariate comparisons of the simulated adult A. sediba crania with other early hominin taxa indicate that subsequent cranial development primarily reflects development of secondary sexual characteristics and would not likely be substantial enough to alter suggested morphological affinities of A. sediba. This study also illustrates the importance of separating developmental vectors by sex when estimating ontogenetic change. Results of the ontogenetic projections concur with those from mandible morphology, and jointly affirm the taxonomic validity of A. sediba.

Une revue systématique des cibles de tension artérielle sous vasopresseurs chez des adultes gravement malades atteints d’hypotension

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hylands, Mathieu; Moller, Morten Hylander; Asfar, Pierre

2017-01-01

pressure targets for vasopressor therapy in critically ill hypotensive adult patients. Two reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility based on titles and abstracts, and they then selected full-text reports. Outcomes, subgroups, and analyses were prespecified. We used GRADE (Grading...... of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to rate the overall confidence in the estimates of intervention effects. Results: Of 8001 citations, we retrieved 57 full-text articles and ultimately included two randomized-controlled trials (894 patients). Higher blood pressure targets were not associated...

Rotational Critique System as a Method of Culture Change in an Architecture Design Studio: Urban Design Studio as Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Fasli, Mukaddes; Hassanpour, Badiossadat

2017-01-01

In this century, all educational efforts strive to achieve quality assurance standards. Therefore, it will be naive to deny the existence of problems in architectural education. The current design studio critique method has been developed upon generations of students and educators. Architectural education is changing towards educating critical…

Critique and cure: a dream of uniting psychoanalysis and philosophy.

Science.gov (United States)

Webster, Jamieson

2013-06-01

Critical theory, whose aim was to historicize philosophy through integrating it with the social sciences, turned to psychoanalysis to find its way through an accounting of philosophy after the Second World War. Over 50 years after this initial project, the rift between philosophy and psychoanalysis has never been greater. If Jacques Lacan could be considered one of the few psychoanalysts to maintain and foster links to philosophical thought in the latter half of the 20th century, his work has sadly remained marginal in the clinical field throughout America and Europe. Both critical theory and Lacan remain skeptical of the direction taken by psychoanalysis after Freud. Reflecting on the history of these two disciplines, as well as through an examination of Theodor Adorno's posthumously published dream journal, critique and cure emerge as two dialectically intertwined themes that gain momentum in the dream of the unification of the philosophical and psychoanalytic projects.

At the Garden Gate: Community Building through Food--Revisiting the Critique of "Food, Folk and Fun" in Multicultural Education

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, Troy A.

2011-01-01

This essay takes up a re-evaluation of the ossified view of food events that have circulated in the canonical texts of multicultural education. While agreeing with the critique by progressive multiculturalists against a "touristic" approach to diversity, the author argues that such a conception of food-centered events in schools has obscured how…

Critiquing bachelor candidates' theses: are the criteria useful?

Science.gov (United States)

Kapborg, I; Berterö, C

2002-06-01

Nursing education programmes should be at an academic level and connected to research. In Sweden, empirical studies are generally required in order to obtain a Bachelor's degree; hence, in some cases, these studies are replaced by a literature review. A study was conducted using 11 criteria. Thirteen theses produced in a department of nursing science were examined, elaborated and reproduced by reviewing international and national literature. Thereafter, the criteria themselves were scrutinized. Principal findings when critiquing the theses were that in eight theses the purpose was dearly identified and well defined in relation to the study accomplished; in three theses the purpose was indistinct and vague; and in two the definitions and research questions were lacking. The topic was relevant for the area of nursing in all theses. General problems identified were poor spelling and grammar, and unsatisfactory thesis structure. This article discusses whether criteria are useful when examining the Bachelor candidates' theses. The authors report that the criteria seemed to be useful, giving some guidance for scrutinizing theses and facilitating correspondence. Criteria could be appropriate guidelines for using to increase the quality of the theses as well as the quality of nursing.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: An Islamic critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anke Iman Bouzenita

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Abraham Maslow’s model of the hierarchy of needs is pervasive in many academic specialisations. After a short description of the model, this article summarises the existing criticisms. While criticism on the empirical validity of the model and its ethno-centricity are frequently mentioned in the literature, the authors of this article give special focus on the missing consideration of the spiritual aspect of human existence in Maslow’s model. The study explores reasons for the commodification of the model (i.e. the divorcing of the model from its substance and using it simply as a commodity and the non-consideration of Maslow’s later changes. Special focus is laid on the usage of this model in marketing, given its position as a field which embodies the capitalist perspective so completely through, particularly, advertising but also through the conceptualisation of people. The article describes the model’s diverse reception in Muslim academic circles. It offers an Islamic critique of both its foundations and its usage. The study concludes that attempts at harmonising the model with the higher objectives (maqāṣid of the Sharī‘ah do not do justice to either model.

Physiatrie and German maternal feminism: Dr. Anna Fischer-Dückelmann critiques academic medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Meyer, Paulette

2006-01-01

Alternative medicine and reform strategies made Anna Fischer-Dückelmann a most controversial, notorious, and widely read women doctor before World War I. She published a dozen titles in 13 languages asserting that national well-being depended on maternal prowess. To her critics, Fischer-Dückelmann's commitment to medical self-help and practices of Physiatrie amounted to medical quackery. Her career has been largely unexamined, yet her feminist critiques and social concerns are not far removed from modern social medicine. For this pioneering doctor, treating physical and emotional ills and promoting the health of families were first steps toward healing the divisions of a world at war.

Measurements for uranium-light water subcritical assembly; Mesures pour ensemble sous-critique uranium-eau legere d'enseignement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barre, J Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The aim of this report is to determine the matter Laplacian of a subcritical assembly, done for educational purposes, using natural uranium combustible and light water for the moderator and the reflector. (M.B.) [French] L'objet de ce rapport est la determination du Laplacien matiere d'un reseau sous-critique, destine a l'enseignement, utilisant comme combustible l'uranium naturel et comme moderateur et reflecteur l'eau naturelle. (M.B.)

The relationship between external beam radiotherapy dose and chronic urinary dysfunction - A methodological critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosewall, Tara; Catton, Charles; Currie, Geoffrey; Bayley, Andrew; Chung, Peter; Wheat, Janelle; Milosevic, Michael

2010-01-01

Purpose: To perform a methodological critique of the literature evaluating the relationship between external beam radiotherapy dose/volume parameters and chronic urinary dysfunction to determine why consistent associations between dose and dysfunction have not been found. Methods and materials: The radiotherapy literature was reviewed using various electronic medical search engines with appropriate keywords and MeSH headings. Inclusion criteria comprised of; English language articles, published between 1999 and June 2009, incorporating megavoltage external beam photons in standard-sized daily fraction. A methodological critique was then performed, evaluating the factors affected in the quantification of radiotherapy dose and chronic urinary dysfunction. Results: Nine of 22 eligible studies successfully identified a clinically and statistically significant relationship between dose and dysfunction. Accurate estimations of external beam radiotherapy dose were compromised by the frequent use of dosimetric variables which are poor surrogates for the dose received by the lower urinary tract tissue and do not incorporate the effect of daily variations in isocentre and bladder position. The precise categorization of chronic urinary dysfunction was obscured by reliance on subjective and aggregated toxicity metrics which vary over time. Conclusions: A high-level evidence-base for the relationship between external beam radiotherapy dose and chronic urinary dysfunction does not currently exist. The quantification of the actual external beam dose delivered to the functionally important tissues using dose accumulation strategies and the use of objective measures of individual manifestations of urinary dysfunction will assist in the identification of robust relationships between dose and urinary dysfunction for application in widespread clinical practice.

Stabilité et pertes des conducteurs pour régime alternatif

Science.gov (United States)

Estop, P.; Lacaze, A.

1994-04-01

Recent progresses obtained on low-T_c superconductors usable at industrial frequencies allow to envisage a new and innovating application as the current limiter. The device conception determines a cryogenic cost due to the dissipated energy in superconducting wires. In order to reduce the losses sufficiently, fine wires with submicromic filaments must be used. In relation to the need to obtain an infaillible protection during the quench, a new type of conductor, has been worked out, tested and validated. The main technical aspects concerning the losses of low-T_c superconductors have been developed on this paper. Les récents progrès obtenus sur les conducteurs supraconducteurs basse température critique utilisables aux fréquences industrielles permettent d'entrevoir une application nouvelle et innovante comme le limiteur de courant. De la conception d'un tel système résulte un coût cryogénique lié à l'énergie dissipée dans les brins supraconducteurs. La réduction des pertes nécessite l'utilisation de brins suffisamment fins et disposant de filaments submicromiques. Concernant le besoin d'obtenir une protection infaillible au moment de la transition, un conducteur d'un concept nouveau a été élaboré, testé et validé. L'article passe en revue les principaux aspects techniques liés à la stabilité et aux pertes dans les conducteurs supraconducteurs basse température critique.

Critical sizes and flux distributions in the shut down pile; Tailles critiques et cartes de flux a froid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Banchereau, A; Berthier, P; Genthon, J P; Gourdon, C; Lattes, R; Martelly, J; Mazancourt, R de; Portes, L; Sagot, M; Schmitt, A P; Tanguy, P; Teste du Bailler, A; Veyssiere, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

An important part of the experiments carried out on the reactor G1 during a period of shut-down has consisted in determinations of critical sizes, and measurements of flux distribution by irradiations of detectors. This report deals with the following points: 1- Critical sizes of the flat pile, the long pile and the uranium-thorium pile. 2- Flux charts of the same piles, and study of an exponential experiment. 3- Determination of the slit effect. 4- Calculation of the anisotropy of the lattice. 5- Description of the experimental apparatus of the irradiation measurements. (author) [French] Une part importante des experiences a froid effectuees sur le reacteur G1 a consiste en des determinations de tailles critiques et des mesures de distributions de flux par irradiations de detecteurs. Le present rapport traite les points suivants: 1- Tailles critiques de la pile plate, de la pile longue, de la pile a uranium-thorium. 2 - Cartes de flux des memes piles et etude d'une experience exponentielle. 3 - Determination de l'effet de fente. 4 - Calcul de l'anisotropie du reseau. 5 - Description de l'appareillage experimental des mesures d'irradiations. (auteur)

Critical sizes and flux distributions in the shut down pile; Tailles critiques et cartes de flux a froid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Banchereau, A.; Berthier, P.; Genthon, J.P.; Gourdon, C.; Lattes, R.; Martelly, J.; Mazancourt, R. de; Portes, L.; Sagot, M.; Schmitt, A.P.; Tanguy, P.; Teste du Bailler, A.; Veyssiere, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

An important part of the experiments carried out on the reactor G1 during a period of shut-down has consisted in determinations of critical sizes, and measurements of flux distribution by irradiations of detectors. This report deals with the following points: 1- Critical sizes of the flat pile, the long pile and the uranium-thorium pile. 2- Flux charts of the same piles, and study of an exponential experiment. 3- Determination of the slit effect. 4- Calculation of the anisotropy of the lattice. 5- Description of the experimental apparatus of the irradiation measurements. (author) [French] Une part importante des experiences a froid effectuees sur le reacteur G1 a consiste en des determinations de tailles critiques et des mesures de distributions de flux par irradiations de detecteurs. Le present rapport traite les points suivants: 1- Tailles critiques de la pile plate, de la pile longue, de la pile a uranium-thorium. 2 - Cartes de flux des memes piles et etude d'une experience exponentielle. 3 - Determination de l'effet de fente. 4 - Calcul de l'anisotropie du reseau. 5 - Description de l'appareillage experimental des mesures d'irradiations. (auteur)

الأسس النظرية لنقد النقد Theoretical foundations to critique criticism

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Rasheed Haroon رشيد هارون

2012-06-01

Full Text Available It is clear, that the practice of literature and art earlier than awareness of it's Terms and Concepts, and at the same time seems to be a sense of reviewing writers of literature, had accompanied the process of producing literature that, and so "it can be traced very beginning of the critique criticism to the time of the early conformation first criticism himself" (. And that critique criticism needed conformation first literary criticism, as he goes to the critic Baqir Jassim Mohammed, who counted "Aristotle's theory in simulation seed embryonic First we have received thus can promise some sort of critique criticism theoretical indirect theory teacher Plato in the parable, which received In his book (the Republic, it makes adjectives (theoretical, and (Applied Brackets because of critical thought in those early historical period had not known critique criticism mention Ranked theoretical and practical "(. The Arab critique criticism "as an intellectual activity qualitatively, it is as old as in a recent article in his term, has to do much revolved around debates Arabs old and Msaglathm, issues of literary and rhetorical and theoretical and practical cash no doubt the significance of" (. However, the practice of criticism criticism has been lacking in awareness of its meaning, and cognitive limits of Article endoscopy, says one of the students: "While none of this transmitted between the folds of the books in the past, the winning hit of awareness is clear, and even some acute awareness sometimes in the modern curriculum, which is about to issue a prominent feature within the cognitive status quo, and for the first time to take shape within Mtsourat monetary theory and tables terminological lexicon "(. An examination of the available literature we have shown that the presence of the term (critique criticism, which delayed his appearance relatively, not accompanied by a theoretical adequately disclose what it is, and confirms its special

A reassessment of the Hypoglossum group (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), with a critique of its genera

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Wynne, M. J.

1988-09-01

A reassessment of the Hypoglossum group (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), with a critique of its genera. Eight genera are assigned to the Hypoglossum Kützing, Phitymophora J. Agardh, Pseudobranchioglossum Bodard, and Zellera Martens. The circumscription of the group is emended to include forms with network-forming ( Zellera) an dspirally twisted ( Duckerella) thalli. The definition of the group is lalso modified to include members (e.g. some species of Hypoglossum) in which tetrasporangia are produced by primary cells as in the Caloglossa group. Exogenous branching, a distinguishing feature of the closely related Caloglossa group, never occurs in the Hypoglossum group.

On Being Holier-Than-Thou: A Critique of Curry Malott's "Pseudo-Marxism and the Reformist Retreat from Revolution"

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McGrew, Ken

2011-01-01

In the May 2011 edition of this journal, Curry Malott contributed an essay review of Jean Anyon's "Marx and Education" (2011). The author would summarize Mallot's critiques of her book as follows: (1) she didn't write the book that he wanted her to write; (2) she didn't cite the authors that he wanted her to cite; and (3) her work is anti-Marxist…

Can Religious Expression and Sexual Orientation Affirmation Coexist in Social Work? A Critique of Hodge's Theoretical, Theological, and Conceptual Frameworks

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Dessel, Adrienne; Bolen, Rebecca; Shepardson, Christine

2011-01-01

Social work strives to be inclusive of all cultural groups and religious identities. However, a tension exists in the profession between freedom of religious expression and full acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. David Hodge and others claim social work is oppressive to evangelical Christians. This article critiques primarily Hodge's…

The relevance and impact of Ethical Consciousness on Environmental Management in Zambia: A philosophical critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mweshi, John

2004-01-01

This dissertation is informed by the need for adequate ethical consciousness in view of the perceived need for public responsibility, cooperation and participation in ensuring sound environmental management. It investigates and critiques the extent to which an adequate range of ethical principles has been incorporated in Zambia's attempts to address environmental issues.The investigation focused on the role of government policy, education system and the mass media in promoting responsible environmental management and practices by raising environmental ethical consciousness. The study confirmed the preponderance of economic utilitarianism with regard to environmental issues. (author)

Achievable conservation potential in British Columbia: A review and critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyboer, J.; Bailie, A.

1994-01-01

Energy conservation of British Columbia's Hydro Utility is being reviewed after a two phase report (Synergetic Resources Corp'n, (1994a,1994b)). Phase 2 is the centre of the attention for this review and critique. The information gained in the Phase 1 analysis answered what boundaries were achievable for electrical conservation. Phase 2 was to estimate the conservation potential (1) through technological and operating change and (2) through lifestyle changes of individuals and society in general. The study is part of a new, largely unexplored area of research for electricity utilities, promoting and planning for electricity conservation. While it succeeded in considering the effects of various initiatives on consumers' decisions when purchasing and using technologies, it's shortcomings limit its usefulness. The three main shortcomings of BC Hydro's report are (1) lack of relevant information, (2) questions on the methodology, and (3) lack of connection between Part 1 and Part 2. 2 refs

La théorie du 0 %. Petite étude critique de la critique en bande dessinée

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Jean-Philippe Martin

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Si la naissance de la bande dessinée s’accompagne d’une théorisation à travers les travaux d’un Töpffer cherchant à circonscrire l'ensemble des possibles qui s'offrent à lui, force est de constater que la veine va bien vite se tarir. Rapidement exclue du champ critique, la bande dessinée semble ne bénéficier d'aucune analyse sérieuse qui soit de nature à lui forger des repères. L'Histoire montre que c'est de manière empirique qu'elle a travaillé sa substance, parfois avec génie (McCay, Hergé… souvent sans âme, à l’exception de quelques tentatives que le présent article entend présenter.If the birth of comic strips is accompanied by a theorical effort through the work of a Töpffer seeking to circumscribe all possible available to them, it is clear that the vein will soon dry up. Quickly removed from the critical field, the comic seems to benefit from any serious analysis that could help authors and readers in their practises. Through History, Comics has worked empirically it its substance, sometimes with genius (McCay, Hergé ... often soulless, with the exception of some attempts that this article intends to present.

Damned Words: The Use and Disuse of "Modern" as an Attribute for the Interpretation of Folk Customs in Theatrical Revue Stage and Costume Design at the Turn of the 1930s in Portugal

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Bártolo, Carlos

2016-07-01

Full Text Available O Notícias Ilustrado was published from 1928 to 1935, coinciding with the emergence of Salazar's dictatorship. Reporting the cosmopolitan life, it described itself as "the only graphic newspaper of modern and European appearance". Its collaborators included figures from among the Modernist generation that would later be associated with the regime's cultural policy. On its pages one can see a renewal of the theatrical revue format, it covered elements that were a repercussion of the Modernists' interest for folk art and the rediscovery of the national heritage. A straightforward analysis reveals that this reinterpretation of folk traditions was mainly addressed as modern up to the moment when an official culture policy was set; from 1933 onwards this modernity was veiled. In this analysis it could be perceived how similar works, by being addressed differently, could imply the different contexts of 1930s Portugal.

Doctors, apologies, and the law: an analysis and critique of apology laws.

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Wei, Marlynn

2007-01-01

This Article analyzes and critiques apology laws, their potential use, and effectiveness, both legally and ethically, in light of the strong professional norms that shape physicians' reaction to medical errors. Physicians are largely reluctant to disclose medical errors to patients, patients' families, and even other physicians. Some states have passed so-called apology laws in order to encourage physicians to disclose medical errors to patients. Apology laws allow defendants to exclude statements of sympathy made after accidents from evidence in a liability lawsuit. This Article examines potential barriers to physicians' disclosure of medical mistakes and demonstrates how the underlying problem may actually be rooted in professional norms-norms that will remain outside the scope of law's influence. The Article also considers other legal and policy changes that could help to encourage disclosure.

Identification et prévention du risque suicidaire chez les personnes âgées résidant en EMS: une revue de la littérature soutenue par le modèle de l'adaptation de C. Roy : travail de Bachelor

OpenAIRE

Brandtner, Yasmina; Payré, Marie; Peyrot, Marion; Vulliet, Corentine; Maupetit, Christine

2015-01-01

Introduction. Le suicide est un problème majeur en santé publique en Suisse, où le taux de suicide est élevé. En parallèle, de nombreux enjeux sont liés au vieillissement de la population, parmi lesquels la demande croissante de soins en résidence médicalisée. Il existe peu de données sur les comportements suicidaires dans les nursing homes. Le but de cette revue synthétique de la littérature est de décrire l’épidémiologie du phénomène du suicide en nursing home, les facteurs de risques et le...

Etude de la propagation sous critique dans les fibres de verre par relaxation de la charge

OpenAIRE

R'Mili , M.; Godin , N.; Lamon , J.

2011-01-01

International audience; Plusieurs fibres inorganiques de type verre ou céramique (à base de carbure de silicium) sont très sensibles à la propagation sous critique de fissures, activée chimiquement ou thermiquement. Dans ce cas la rupture survient d'une façon prématurée à un niveau de contrainte relativement bas comparé à la contrainte de rupture. Cet article propose une approche statistique de la rupture en fatigue statique fondée sur l'analyse de la rupture des fibres dans une mèche sollici...

The Economic Rationality of "Doing Good to Do Well" and Three Critiques, 1990 to the Present

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Christian O.

2017-01-01

of justification and excitement for participants in the capitalist market system, and as it provides answers to critiques increasingly directed against global capitalism since the 1990s. I propose to subsume these tendencies under the heading of ‘civic capitalism’, as the central idea is that corporations can...... inquiry into the relationship between the rhetoric of corporations and their practice, asking whether corporations actually ‘practice what they preach’. Second, an ‘ethical check’: critics can ask which kinds of ethics are typically assumed in mainstream CSR or e.g. corporate philanthropy. From...

'Trick', 'manipulation' and 'farce': Albert Moll's critique of occultism.

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Wolffram, Heather

2012-04-01

In July 1925, the psychiatrist Albert Moll appeared before the district court in Berlin-Schöneberg charged with having defamed the medium Maria Vollhardt (alias Rudloff) in his 1924 book Der Spiritismus [Spiritism]. Supported by some of Berlin's most prominent occultists, the plaintiff--the medium's husband--argued that Moll's use of terms such as 'trick', 'manipulation' and 'farce' in reference to Vollhardt's phenomena had been libellous. In the three-part trial that followed, however, Moll's putative affront to the medium--of which he was eventually acquitted--was overshadowed, on the one hand, by a debate over the scientific status of parapsychology, and on the other, by the question of who--parapsychologists, occultists, psychiatrists or jurists--was entitled to claim epistemic authority over the occult. This paper will use the Rudloff-Moll trial as a means of examining Moll's critique of occultism, not only as it stood in the mid-1920s, but also as it had developed since the 1880s. It will also provide insight into the views of Germany's occultists and parapsychologists, who argued that their legitimate bid for scientific credibility was hindered by Dunkelmänner [obscurantists] such as Albert Moll.

Socializing the public: invoking Hannah Arendt's critique of modernity to evaluate reproductive technologies.

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Sperling, Daniel

2012-02-01

The article examines the writings of one of the most influential political philosophers, Hannah Arendt, and specifically focuses on her views regarding the distinction between the private and the public and the transformation of the public to the social by modernity. Arendt's theory of human activity and critique of modernity are explored to critically evaluate the social contributions and implications of reproductive technologies especially where the use of such technologies is most dominant within Western societies. Focusing on empirical studies on new reproductive technologies in Israel, it is argued, powerfully demonstrates Arendt's theory, and broadens the perspectives through which society should evaluate these new technologies towards a more reflective understanding of its current laws and policies and their affect on women more generally.

Comment on "Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics" by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph

OpenAIRE

Prados, A.; Plata, C. A.

2016-01-01

We comment on the paper "Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics" by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph, EPL 115, 60001 (2016) .

Team performance in resuscitation teams: Comparison and critique of two recently developed scoring tools☆

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McKay, Anthony; Walker, Susanna T.; Brett, Stephen J.; Vincent, Charles; Sevdalis, Nick

2012-01-01

Background and aim Following high profile errors resulting in patient harm and attracting negative publicity, the healthcare sector has begun to focus on training non-technical teamworking skills as one way of reducing the rate of adverse events. Within the area of resuscitation, two tools have been developed recently aiming to assess these skills – TEAM and OSCAR. The aims of the study reported here were:1.To determine the inter-rater reliability of the tools in assessing performance within the context of resuscitation.2.To correlate scores of the same resuscitation teams episodes using both tools, thereby determining their concurrent validity within the context of resuscitation.3.To carry out a critique of both tools and establish how best each one may be utilised. Methods The study consisted of two phases – reliability assessment; and content comparison, and correlation. Assessments were made by two resuscitation experts, who watched 24 pre-recorded resuscitation simulations, and independently rated team behaviours using both tools. The tools were critically appraised, and correlation between overall score surrogates was assessed. Results Both OSCAR and TEAM achieved high levels of inter-rater reliability (in the form of adequate intra-class coefficients) and minor significant differences between Wilcoxon tests. Comparison of the scores from both tools demonstrated a high degree of correlation (and hence concurrent validity). Finally, critique of each tool highlighted differences in length and complexity. Conclusion Both OSCAR and TEAM can be used to assess resuscitation teams in a simulated environment, with the tools correlating well with one another. We envisage a role for both tools – with TEAM giving a quick, global assessment of the team, but OSCAR enabling more detailed breakdown of the assessment, facilitating feedback, and identifying areas of weakness for future training. PMID:22561464

Critique of Caplan’s The Myth of the Rational Voter

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Stuart Farrand

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Bryan Caplan’s 2007 book, The Myth of the Rational Voter, created some controversy by stating that voters make irrational political decisions. While it has commonly been accepted in public choice discourse that citizens are ignorant of the complexities of politics, Caplan takes the argument one step further and states that citizens hold extreme anti-economic biases that invoke certain irrational demands of politicians. Caplan also asserts that democratic failure is thoroughly a result of the these irrational biases, and that citizens deserve the primary blame for problems within the American political system. This critique analyzes several inconsistencies in Caplan’s assessment of the political condition, which include his doctrine of rational irrationality, his skepticism towards democratic failure, and his apologetic attitude towards politicians. Under closer scrutiny, one can see that Caplan’s main thesis, the concept of rational irrationality, is largely unfounded. Furthermore, the theoretical model he constructs is largely incomplete, since he focuses primarily on the failures of citizens, but does not take into account numerous other factors within the political process that can lead to democratic failure.

The Contested White Lady: A Critique of New Zealand Cultural Heritage Politics

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Lindsay Neill

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This article critiques New Zealand’s cultural heritage politics by positing that vernacular items, like an iconic eatery called the White Lady, does not meet the legislative criteria enabling cultural heritage status. If vernacular artefacts, including ‘kiwiana’, are to be integrated within cultural heritage, then changes within legislation, definitions and participant preconceptions are necessary. This study argues that cultural heritage is dominated by artefacts and historic places; that ‘kiwiana’ and other vernacular items of social history, practice and tradition are relegated. Items of ‘kiwiana’ act as touchstones of identity for New Zealanders. Therefore, their omission distorts the view of New Zealand’s cultural heritage. The application of cultural heritage status to the White Lady is important because of its transcendence of time and social change, its aesthetic, and also because of its present-day hospitality offering.

Two attempts at grounding social critique in „ordinary“ actors’ perspectives: The critical theories of Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth

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Ivković Marjan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes two contemporary, „third-generation“ perspectives within critical theory - Nancy Fraser’s and Axel Honneth’s - with the aim of examining the degree to which the two authors succeed in grounding the normative criteria of social critique in the perspectives of ’ordinary’ social actors, as opposed to speculative social theory. To that end, the author focuses on the influential debate between Fraser and Honneth Redistribution or Recognition? which concerns the appropriate normative foundations of a „post-metaphysical“ critical theory, and attempts to reconstruct the fundamental 29 disagreements between Fraser and Honneth over the meaning and tasks of critical theory. The author concludes that both critical theorists ultimately secure the normative foundations of critique through substantive theorizations of the social, which frame the two authors’ „reconstructions“ of the normativity of everyday social action, but argues that post-metaphysical critical theory does not have to abandon comprehensive social theory in order to be epistmologically „non-authoritarian“. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007: Ethics and Politics of Environment: Institutions, Techniques and Norms Facing the Challenge of Environmental Change

Thyroid gland irradiations and thyroid cancers; Critical bibliographic journal; Irradiations de la thyroide et cancers thyroidiens. Revue bibliographique critique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vitauxa, F. [CHI Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Faculte X. Bichat, Lab. de Biophysique, Service de Medecine Nucleaire, 93 - Le Raincy-Montfermeil (France)

2007-07-15

The large increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among children who were mainly less than five years old at the time of the Chernobyl accident is still a major concern for endocrinologists and nuclear medicine physicians. Epidemiological studies have focused solely on iodine-131. However, past knowledge on thyroid irradiation (medical use of iodine-131, radioactive fallout on Marshall islands and the Nevada and Hanford site releases) as well as number of recent works (about low-dose irradiation) raise question on the role of other factors. It is here shown that post-Chernobyl thyroid irradiation is complex and that all factors (iodine-131, but also short lived isotopes of iodine and external irradiation) should be considered. Finally, one needs to think about some of the present medical uses of iodine-131 and especially to the treatment of hyperthyroidism in young subjects. (author)

Analysis of Heidegger’s Reading from the Kant’s First Critique

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Hamid Eskandari and Hossein Kalbasi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available We know that Martin Heidegger in "Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics" presented some ontological interpretation of "Critique of Pure Reason" as opposed to other epistemological interpretations. He tried to explain how all parts of the work of Kant (based on time as the necessary condition of schematism are originally related to the basic problem of finite human being or Dasein. Immanuel Kant, from the perspective of Heidegger, is indeed the founder of fundamental ontology of Dasein. The main objective of this paper is related to the same problem. In this article, we have tried to briefly analyze and evaluate and criticize Heidegger's interpretation of Kant. Heidegger seems to neglect the other important side of Kant’s thought, namely the non-temporal aspect of apperception. We've noted that Being, in Emmanuel Kant’s view, is not based on time, but certainly on some unknowable and non-temporal foundation beyond human experience.

A "Fear" Studies Perspective and Critique: Analyzing English and Stengel's Progressive Study of Fear and Learning in "Education Theory." Technical Paper No. 37

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Fisher, R. Michael

2011-01-01

The author critiques the progressive approach of two contemporary educational philosophers (English and Stengel) on the topic of fear and learning. Using a postmodern integral approach, this article examines the tendency of reductionism, individualism, and psychologism as part of a hegemonic liberalism and modernism in discourses on fear and…

Paraboles et catastrophes

CERN Document Server

Thom, René

1983-01-01

René Thom, mathématicien français, membre de l'Académie des Sciences, s'est vu décerner en 1958 la médaille Field, équivalent du Prix Nobel en mathématiques, pour ses créations intellectuelles, la " théorie des catastrophes ", regard nouveau sur toutes les transformations qui adviennent de manière brusque, imprévisible, dramatique. Dans ces entretiens qui vont de la mathématique à l'embryologie, de la linguistique à l'anthropologie et à l'histoire, René Thom expose les grandes lignes de la théorie des catastrophes et passe en revue, avec un esprit à la fois critique et passionné, les grands thèmes scientifiques de notre époque, de la physique atomique à la biologie moléculaire, du " progrès " scientifique et technologique aux connexions complexes entre la société et la science. " Ce petit livre est une extraordinaire réussite en vulgarisation ". (Jean Largeault)

Post-operaist readings of Marxian ‘Fragment on Machines” in the light of their critiques.

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Krystian Szadkowski

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Text undertakes a much needed contextual and critical reading of Marxian„Fragment on Machines” from the Grundrisse. The crucial thesis states that despitethe seeming crisis of the post-operaist Marxism, theoretical intuitions formulatedby thinkers like Negri, Virno, Vercellone are still valid. Three various but interrelatedtypes of post-operaist reading are presented here in detail to support theargument: the political, the philosophical and the historico-economical. In thelast part of the paper they are confronted with three main lines of critique of thepost-operaist readings: the philological, the political-economic and the „political”.Through such a confrontation some of the arguments are refuted and reevaluated.

Technical critique on radiation test facilities for the CTR surface and materials program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Persiani, P.J.

1975-02-01

Major radiation test facilities will be necessary in the near-term (5 years) and long-term (greater than 10 years) future for the timely development and understanding of fusion confinement systems and of prototype fusion power reactors. The study includes the technical justifications and requirements for CTR Neutron and Plasma Radiation Test Facilities. The initial technical critique covers the feasibility and design problems: in upgrading the performance of the accelerator-rotating (solid TiT) target systems, and in transforming the accelerator-supersonic jet target concept into a radiation testing facility. A scoping assessment on the potential of a pulsed high-beta plasma device (dense plasma focus) is introduced to explore plasma concepts as near-term neutron and plasma radiation sources for the CTR Surface and Materials Program. (U.S.)

The Critical Humanisms of Dorothy Dinnerstein and Immanuel Kant Employed for Responding to Gender Bias: A Study, and an Exercise, in Radical Critique

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Bynum, Gregory Lewis

2011-01-01

Two humanist, critical approaches--those of Dorothy Dinnerstein and Immanuel Kant--are summarized, compared, and employed to critique gender bias in science education. The value of Dinnerstein's approach lies in her way of seeing conventional "masculinity" and conventional "femininity" as developing in relation to each other from early childhood.…

Analyse et évaluation de l’argumentation dans l’analyse critique du discours (CDA : délibération et dialectique des Lumières Analysis and Evaluation of Argumentation in Critical Discourse Analysis: Deliberation and the Dialectic of Enlightenment

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Norman Fairclough

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Cet article représente le développement de notre récent travail sur le discours politique, centré sur les réactions politiques à l’actuelle crise financière et économique en Grande-Bretagne. Considérant le discours politique comme doté d’un caractère essentiellement argumentatif, et plus spécifiquement comme une forme d’argumentation et de délibération pratiques, nous soutenons qu’une analyse critique de ce discours appelle à intégrer la théorie et l’analyse de l’argumentation à la version de l’analyse critique du discours (CDA avec laquelle nous travaillons. La présentation de cette version de la CDA, et de notre approche de l’analyse et de l’évaluation de l’argumentation et de la délibération pratiques, est suivie d’une illustration de la démarche. Celle-ci se réfère à une partie du discours sur le Budget prononcé en juin 2010 par Georges Osborne, Chancelier de l’Echiquier du gouvernement britannique de coalition entre conservateurs et libéraux démocrates, et à la mise en cause critique de la stratégie d’austérité du gouvernement qui eu lieu dans le débat public, particulièrement dans les média. Dans la dernière partie de cet article, nous avançons que notre approche innovatrice de l’analyse et de l’évaluation de l’argumentation et de la délibération pratiques contribue de manière particulièrement efficace à promouvoir l’objectif de la CDA : étendre au discours les formes de critique répandues dans le champ de la théorie sociale critique. Nous nous appuyons pour ce faire sur les débats qui traitent des rapports entre critique et rationalité. Nous posons que l’approche normative que nous adoptons est nécessaire pour intégrer l’analyse du discours argumentatif à la critique, et que notre démarche est en parfait accord avec les objectifs de la théorie critique, du moins tels que Habermas les conçoit.This paper is a development of our recent work on

A lunguistica pour ses quarante ans

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Ludvik Horvat Le Doyen

2000-12-01

Full Text Available En tant que doyen de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Universite de Ljubljana, j'ai l'honneur d'introduire le volume qui celebre les quarante ans de publication de cette revue linguistique. La parution de la revue conçua à l' origine comme supplàment pour la linguistique non slave de la revue Slavistična revija (dont la renommée était déjà affirmée, eut lieu en 1958. Ses inspirateurs, ses fondateurs et ses premiers directeurs, auxquels nous gardons une profonde reconnaissance, furent l'italianiste Stanko Škerlj et le latiniste Milan Grošelj, professeurs de notre Faculté. Des sa quatrieme année ce modeste supplement devint revue autonome, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui.

The denial of death thesis: sociological critique and implications for palliative care.

Science.gov (United States)

Zimmermann, Camilla; Rodin, Gary

2004-03-01

It has become commonplace to say that contemporary western society is 'death-denying'. This characterization, which sociologists have termed the 'denial of death thesis', first arose in the social science, psychological and clinical medical literature in the period between 1955 and 1985. During the same time period, the hospice and palliative care movements were developing and in part directed themselves against the perceived cultural denial of death in western society. While the denial of death has been taken for granted by the lay public as well as by clinicians, in the sociological literature it has been increasingly questioned. In this paper we use sociological critiques of the denial of death thesis to raise critical questions about the theory and practice of contemporary palliative care. In particular, we argue that the emphasis of palliative care should not be on extinguishing the denial of death but on the relief of suffering.

Accounting for social accountability: developing critiques of social accountability within medical education.

Science.gov (United States)

Ritz, Stacey A; Beatty, Kathleen; Ellaway, Rachel H

2014-01-01

The concept of the social accountability of medical schools has garnered many followers, in response to a broad desire for greater social justice in health care. As its use has spread, the term 'social accountability' has become a meta-narrative for social justice and an inevitable and unquestionable good, while at the same time becoming increasingly ambiguous in its meaning and intent. In this article, we use the lenses of postmodernism and critical reflexivity to unpack the multiple meanings of social accountability. In our view, subjecting the concept of 'social accountability' to critique will enhance the ability to appraise the ways in which it is understood and enacted. We contend that critical reflexivity is necessary for social accountability to achieve its aspirations, and hence we must be prepared to become accountable not only for our actions, but also for the ideologies and discourses underlying them.

A Critique of the Mainstream Management Control Theory and the Way Forward

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Chandana Rathnasiri Hewege

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article critiques the mainstream management control theory with a view to highlighting its gaps and to suggesting a direction for its future development. Management control theory has undergone lopsided development due to the dominance of accounting-based approaches to the study of management controls. Thus, management control theory has failed to explain complex issues that are interwoven with deep-rooted, sociocultural context within which these issues emanate. Although the influence of organizational theory, particularly systems theory, cybernetics, and contingency theory, resulted in a marginal outward shift of the boundaries of the mainstream management control theory, the main drawbacks of the theory remained unresolved. Alternative theoretical perspectives rooted in disciplines such as political economy, sociology, and anthropology can enrich the mainstream management control theory. Management control issues emanating from non-Western contexts would remain largely unexplained or poorly explained, unless alternative theoretical perspectives were used.

Eugenics and modern biology: critiques of eugenics, 1910-1945.

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Garland E

2011-05-01

Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A-B-O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as "feeblemindedness," alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement-its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950-it is important to recognise that its naïve assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticised at the time by scientists and nonscientists alike. This paper will present a brief overview of the critiques launched against eugenicists' claims, particularly criticisms of the American school led by Charles B. Davenport. Davenport's approach to eugenics will be contrasted to his British counterpart, Karl Pearson, founder and first editor of the Annals of Eugenics. It was not the case that nearly everyone in the early 20th century accepted eugenic conclusions as the latest, cutting-edge science. There are lessons from this historical approach for dealing with similar naïve claims about genetics today. © 2011 The Author Annals of Human Genetics © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

The problematization of medical tourism: a critique of neoliberalism.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Kristen

2012-04-01

The past two decades have seen the extensive privatisation and marketisation of health care in an ever reaching number of developing countries. Within this milieu, medical tourism is being promoted as a rational economic development strategy for some developing nations, and a makeshift solution to the escalating waiting lists and exorbitant costs of health care in developed nations. This paper explores the need to problematize medical tourism in order to move beyond one dimensional neoliberal discourses that have, to date, dominated the arena. In this problematization, the paper discusses a range of understandings and uses of the term 'medical tourism' and situates it within the context of the neoliberal economic development of health care internationally. Drawing on theory from critical medical anthropology and health and human rights perspectives, the paper critically analyzes the assumed independence between the medical tourism industry and local populations facing critical health issues, where social, cultural and economic inequities are widening in terms of access, cost and quality of health care. Finally, medical tourism is examined in the local context of India, critiquing the increasingly indistinct roles played by government and private sectors, whilst linking these shifts to global market forces. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Emmanuel Renault, Yves Sintomer (dir., Où en est la théorie critique ?, Paris, La Découverte, coll. « Recherches », 2003, 286 p., 31 €.

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Alexandre Dupeyrix

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Dans l’introduction de cet ouvrage collectif publié en mars 2003, Emmanuel Renault et Yves Sintomer exposent leur volonté de « rendre compte de l’actualité d’un projet [celui de la théorie critique] tout en mettant en perspective les débats ouverts par les œuvres d’Habermas et de Honneth » (p. 10. On peut dire qu’ils ont pleinement réalisé leur ambition : l’ouvrage qu’ils proposent ici est une synthèse très riche et très stimulante des derniers travaux en cours sur la théorie critique et l’É...

II. Comment on “Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics” by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph

Science.gov (United States)

Prados, Antonio; Plata, Carlos A.

2016-12-01

We comment on the paper "Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics" by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph, EPL 115, 60001 (2016) .

A Historical Analysis of Media Practices and Technologies in Protest Movements: A Review of Crisis and Critique by Anne Kaun

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Anne Laajalahti

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Dr. Anne Kaun’s book, Crisis and Critique: A Brief History of Media Participation in Times of Crisis (London: Zed Books, 2016, 131 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78360-736-5, is a concise but comprehensive analysis of the changing media practices and technologies in protest movements. The book overviews the topic within the context of major economic crises and scrutinises three richly detailed case studies in the United States: (a the unemployed workers’ movement during the Great Depression in the 1930s, (b the tenants’ rent strike movement of the early 1970s, and (c the Occupy Wall Street movement following the Great Recession of 2008. Kaun begins her book with an introduction to economic crises and protest movements and highlights the relationship of crisis and critique to media practices. She goes on to investigate historical forms of media participation in protest movements from three different perspectives: (a protest time, (b protest space, and (c protest speed. The book contributes to the recent discussion on the emerging role of social media in protest by providing a historically nuanced analysis of the media participation in times of crisis. As a whole, the book is valuable to anyone interested in media and social activism.

Surveillance, Snowden, and Big Data: Capacities, consequences, critique

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David Lyon

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The Snowden revelations about National Security Agency surveillance, starting in 2013, along with the ambiguous complicity of internet companies and the international controversies that followed provide a perfect segue into contemporary conundrums of surveillance and Big Data. Attention has shifted from late C20th information technologies and networks to a C21st focus on data, currently crystallized in “Big Data.” Big Data intensifies certain surveillance trends associated with information technology and networks, and is thus implicated in fresh but fluid configurations. This is considered in three main ways: One, the capacities of Big Data (including metadata intensify surveillance by expanding interconnected datasets and analytical tools. Existing dynamics of influence, risk-management, and control increase their speed and scope through new techniques, especially predictive analytics. Two, while Big Data appears to be about size, qualitative change in surveillance practices is also perceptible, accenting consequences. Important trends persist – the control motif, faith in technology, public-private synergies, and user-involvement – but the future-orientation increasingly severs surveillance from history and memory and the quest for pattern-discovery is used to justify unprecedented access to data. Three, the ethical turn becomes more urgent as a mode of critique. Modernity's predilection for certain definitions of privacy betrays the subjects of surveillance who, so far from conforming to the abstract, disembodied image of both computing and legal practices, are engaged and embodied users-in-relation whose activities both fuel and foreclose surveillance.

Pneumoblastome de l'adulte: rapport d'un nouveau cas et revue de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le blastome pulmonaire décrit surtout chez les enfants, est une tumeur rare. Elle représente 0.25 à 0.5% de toutes les tumeurs pulmonaires avec un pronostic très grave. Sur le plan histologique, il s'agit d'une tumeur à double composante: une composante épithéliale et une composante mésenchymateuse. Cliniquement ...

Disability intervention model for older adults with arthritis: an integration of theory of symptom management and disablement process model.

Science.gov (United States)

Shin, So Young

2014-12-01

To evolve a management plan for rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to understand the patient's symptom experience and disablement process. This paper aims to introduce and critique two models as a conceptual foundation from which to construct a new model for arthritis care. A Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis includes three interrelated concepts of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and symptom outcomes that correspond to the Theory of Symptom Management. These main concepts influence or are influenced by contextual factors that are situated within the domains of person, environment, and health/illness. It accepts the bidirectional, complex, dynamic interactions among all components within the model representing the comprehensive aspects of the disablement process and its interventions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. In spite of some limitations such as confusion or complexity within the model, the Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis has strengths in that it encompasses the majority of the concepts of the two models, attempts to compensate for the limitations of the two models, and aims to understand the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on a patient's physical, cognitive, and emotional health status, socioeconomic status, and well-being. Therefore, it can be utilized as a guiding theoretical framework for arthritis care and research to improve the functional status of older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Critical mass, rod values and reactivity coefficients for Rapsodie; Masse critique, valeur des barres et coefficients de reactivite de rapsodie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stevens, L; Gourdon, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-01

Besides a brief general description, the report contains a description and discussion of the aims, the methods used and the results of critical mass, rod worth and static reactivity coefficient measurements on the Rapsodie reactor. (authors) [French] Apres une breve description generale, le rapport decrit et discute le but, les methodes employees et les resultats des mesures de masse critique, de reactivite des barres et des coefficients de reactivite statiques du reacteur RAPSODIE. (auteurs)

« Very much in the dark about light » : Franklin, lumières et critiques

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James Delbourgo

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Cet essai considère une critique des expériences électriques de Benjamin Franklin, publiée anonymement à Londres en 1777. L'auteur s'interroge pour savoir s'il est légitime de regarder ces expériences comme « natural philosophy » dans la tradition d’Isaac Newton. Cette critique des lumières frankliniennes est considérée en connection avec les conflits de la Révolution américaine, les angoisses sociales sur la dextérité mécanique, et la hiérarchie géographique des savoirs. Les débats sur le caractère de la vraie philosophie naturelle qui touchaient les expériences de Franklin portaient également sur la constitution sociale, politique et géographique de l’autorité.This essay discusses a critical account of Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity published anonymously in London in 1777. The fundamental question raised was whether Franklin’s famous experiments constituted legitimate natural philosophy in the tradition of Isaac Newton. This dim view of Franklinist enlightenment is linked to the conflicts of the American Revolution, social anxieties about mechanical ingenuity, and geographical hierarchies of knowledge-making. It is argued that debates over the legitimacy of the proper character of natural philosophy that addressed Franklinist science were also debates over the social, political and geographical constitution of authority.

Crítica moral de Francis Bacon a la filosofía Francis Bacon's moral critique to philosophy

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Maximiliano Prada Dussán

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este escrito muestra la crítica moral de Bacon a la filosofía, presente en sus obras de juventud, la cual es desarrollada en tres niveles: primero, los cargos a la filosofía por su inutilidad, segundo, las acusaciones a la falta de verdad y de método y, finalmente, la denuncia de falta de caridad y humildad. En conclusión, este estudio intentará sustentar que 1. La reforma baconiana no se restringe a un nuevo método ni a una nueva teoría de la materia; más allá de esto, encuentra un sustento en una nueva posición moral del hombre frente a la naturaleza, y 2. Que su proyecto epistemológico encuentra sentido en el trasfondo moral.This paper is about Bacon's moral critique to philosophy. This critique is present in his youth work and it is developed in three levels: first, charges against philosophy because of its uselessness; second, accusations against philosophy's lack of truth and method; and, finally, charges against philosophy's lack of charity and humility. Briefly, this study will state and support two hypotheses. 1. Bacon´s reform is not restricted to a new method neither a new theory of matter; beyond this; it is a new moral position about man in relation to nature. 2. His epistemological project makes sense in the moral background.

Ethics of Risk. Kristin Shrader-Frechette's Philosophical Critique of Risk Assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heikkeroe, Topi

2006-01-01

This paper addresses risk assessment from a philosophical point of view. It presents and critically reviews the work of Kristin Shrader-Frechette. It introduces the ethical, epistemological, and methodological issues related to risk assessment. The paper focuses on the ethical questions of justice in risk decisions. It opens by framing the relationship between ethics and technology in the modern world. Then the paper turns to a brief description of risk assessment as a central method in technological decision making. It proceeds to show how Shrader-Frechette analyzes ethical and political aspects of risk assessment. The central argumentation In her critique follows RawIsian lines: distributive and participatory inequalities in creating technological constructions need to be justified. To clarify this requirement she formulates the Principle of Prima Facie Political Equity (PPFPE), which is her central tool in most of her ethical criticism, for instance, in relation to the future generations: prima facie. all generations should be treated equally. Brief critical remarks conclude the paper. They touch upon placing Shrader-Frechette's project on the academic chart and her liberal individualist anthropology

Defining Algorithmic Ideology: Using Ideology Critique to Scrutinize Corporate Search Engines

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Astrid Mager

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This article conceptualizes “algorithmic ideology” as a valuable tool to understand and critique corporate search engines in the context of wider socio-political developments. Drawing on critical theory it shows how capitalist value-systems manifest in search technology, how they spread through algorithmic logics and how they are stabilized in society. Following philosophers like Althusser, Marx and Gramsci it elaborates how content providers and users contribute to Google’s capital accumulation cycle and exploitation schemes that come along with it. In line with contemporary mass media and neoliberal politics they appear to be fostering capitalism and its “commodity fetishism” (Marx. It further reveals that the capitalist hegemony has to be constantly negotiated and renewed. This dynamic notion of ideology opens up the view for moments of struggle and counter-actions. “Organic intellectuals” (Gramsci can play a central role in challenging powerful actors like Google and their algorithmic ideology. To pave the way towards more democratic information technology, however, requires more than single organic intellectuals. Additional obstacles need to be conquered, as I finally discuss.

Inclusive Education for Children with Special Education Needs:A Critique of Policy and Practice in New Zealand

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Garry Hornby

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This article considers the issue of inclusive education for children with disabilities and special educational needs, in particular with regard to policies and practices in developed countries, such as New Zealand. The article reviews the debate about inclusive education and outlines several confusions about inclusion that have emerged from this debate. It then provides a critique of policies and practices regarding inclusive education in New Zealand, in comparison to those in other developed countries, such as the USA and England. Finally, implications of the issues discussed for developing countries, such as those in the Asia-'‐Pacific region, are outlined.

Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Vol 2, No 2 (2012)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Syndrome thoracique aigu chez le drépanocytaire adulte: expérience de l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. AG Etoundi-Mballa, M Azabji-Kenfack, A Chiabi, JM Obama-Nyaga, MT Obama-Abena, 177-184 ...

REVUE GENERALE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

MIN

Le trophoblaste humain se compose d'une population cellulaire hétérogène qui peut donner naissance à une variété de lésions trophoblastiques que l'on regroupe sous le terme de maladies .... cerveau et le foie sont les sites métastatiques les plus fréquents suggérant une dissémination hématogène prédominante.

Les Archives de l’anthropologie criminelle

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Martine Kaluszynski

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Un instrument moteur : La Revue, une ville destinée : LyonLa revue les Archives de l’anthropologie criminelle a plusieurs objectifs, politique en menant un débat avec Lombroso, un objectif scientifique, A. Lacassagne est avant tout le promoteur ambitieux de cette idée qui ne l’est pas moins, créer ce qui manquait alors aux chercheurs français dispersés : un organe. Un objectif “humain” enfin, puisque cette revue rassemble autour d’elle curieux, érudits, hommes de la profession ou tout autre.....

Advancing Knowledge and Practice to Systems Thinking to ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Extrants. Articles de revue. Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: advice seeking behavior among primary health care physicians in Pakistan. Articles de revue. Advancing the application of systems thinking in health : a realist evaluation of a capacity building programme for district managers in Tumkur, ...

The Ethnicity of the New York Intellectuals L’éthnicité des intellectuels new-yorkais

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Stephen J. Whitfield

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Les intellectuels new-yorkais œuvrant à la rédaction de revues radicales telles que Partisan Review, qui ont émergé dans les années 1930, se présentaient comme des penseurs indépendants et cosmopolites charmés par une aliénation idéalisée. Pour autant, il est également envisageable de les considérer comme les membres d’une communauté américaine au sein de laquelle il était pertinent de partager les caractéristiques d’une même éthnicité. La judaïcité de la plupart des personnages clés de cette chapelle était laïque et peu réceptive au judaïsme et à son histoire. Cependant, leurs origines communes, ancrées dans la marginalité, expliquent leur vive sensibilité quant à l’emprise de la politique sur la culture et leur engouement pour des courants tels que le modernisme et le marxisme. Dans les années 1930 et 1940, l’antisémitisme a entravé toutes possibilités de promotion universitaire et a donné à l’écriture critique des intellectuels new-yorkais une impulsion combative et irrépressible. Pourtant, l’obtention de diplômes supérieurs et de chaires professorales n’a nullement refréné l’élan de ces écrivains et critiques juifs dans leur puissante, parfois caustique, inspiration créative qui allait contribuer à façonner un goût nouveau et à enrichir la culture nationale.

Study of the critical scattering of neutrons by iron; Etude de la diffusion critique des neutrons par le fer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galula, M; Jacrot, B; Mangin, J P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France)

1959-07-01

The critical scattering of very slow neutrons by iron near critical point is measured by time of flight techniques. The VAN HOVE formula is verified and the geometrical parameters K{sub 1} et r{sub 1} introduced in this theory are determined. (author) [French] On etudie la diffusion critique des neutrons tres lents par le fer dans la region du point de Curie par une methode de temps de vol. On verifie la formule de VAN HOVE et on determine les parametres geometriques K{sub 1} et r{sub 1} introduit par ce dernier. (auteur)

IMS Learning Design : la flexibilité pédagogique au service des besoins de la e-formation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Burgos, Daniel; Arnaud, Michel; Neuhauser, Patrick; Koper, Rob

2005-01-01

Burgos, D., Arnaud, M., Neuhauser, P., Koper, R. IMS Learning Design : la flexibilité pédagogique au service des besoins de la e-formation. In La Revue de l'EPI. France: L'association Enseignement Public et Informatique [http://www.epi.asso.fr/revue/articsom.htm]. Available at

The Mediated Figure of Hmong Farmer, Hmong Studies, and Asian American Critique

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Hui Niu Wilcox

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this article is two-fold: First, it argues for critical engagement between Hmong Studies and Asian American Studies. Second, to illustrate the productivity of such engagement,this article analyzes the media coverage of an incident involving Hmong American farmers and their white neighbors in Eagan, Minnesota, June 2010. The focal question is how media discourses around farming and immigration serve to racialize Hmong American identities. Thisanalysis shows that Hmong Americans experience “Asiatic racialization” in that they are either discursively cast outside of the imagined American nation, or included contingent uponassimilation and conformity. Critiquing both the exclusionary and assimilative narratives, this article explicates the inherent contradictions of the U.S. nationalism, referencing both existingHmong Studies literature and Asian Americanist discourses on race and nation. Both bodies of work foreground the historical and social construction of identities, as well as the simultaneous,intertwined workings of race, class, gender/sexuality and nation. Critical dialogues could generate new ideas and possibilities for both Asian American Studies and Hmong Studies.

May the blessed Man win: a critique of the categorical preference for natural talent over doping as proper origins of athletic ability

OpenAIRE

Bonte, Pieter; Pennings, Guido; Sterckx, Sigrid

2014-01-01

Doping scandals can reveal unresolved tensions between the meritocratic values of equal opportunity + reward for effort and the "talentocratic" love of hereditary privilege. Whence this special reverence for talent? We analyze the following arguments: (1) talent is a unique indicator of greater potential, whereas doping enables only temporary boosts (the fluke critique); (2) developing a talent is an authentic endeavor of "becoming who you are,"whereas reforming the fundamentals of your birth...

Petites considérations polémiques et néanmoins objectives sur la recherche (en littérature) et sa diffusion (électronique)

OpenAIRE

Dozo, Björn-Olav; Provenzano, François

2012-01-01

Le présent article fait écho à certains débats qui traversent les milieux de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales. Les acteurs de la diffusion de la recherche se réunissent (compte rendu de la rencontre qui s’est tenue au 16e salon de la revue, ayant pour thème : « revues de sciences humaines au temps d'Internet : quelles promesses ? Quelles menaces ? »), une liste de diffusion/ discussion concernant les revues en Sciences Humaines et Sociales a été créée, différents acteurs (http://...

Éditorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Ce (double numéro de la Revue Archéologique du Centre de la France, qui paraît avec un peu de retard, marque en réalité la fin de la transformation de la revue papier vers l’électronique. Nos autorités scientifiques et administratives, qui ont dû faire face à d’innombrables difficultés, portent la responsabilité de ces hésitations, mais nous pouvons espérer que désormais les nouvelles structures de production, en la matière Revue.org, non seulement ne changeront plus mais surtout qu’elles ap...

Éditorial

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Nicole Rege Colet

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Au printemps 2006, Res Academica, la revue de l’Association internationale de pédagogie universitaire est entrée dans une phase de métamorphose. Guidée par le besoin d’améliorer la gestion et la production de la revue et d’en rationaliser le travail, motivée par le souci de proposer une revue en langue française de haut niveau scientifique dans le domaine de la pédagogie universitaire et de l’enseignement supérieur, l’AIPU a souhaité que Res Academica évolue pour répondre aux attentes de ses ...

The theory of social representations: overview and critique

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Matej Černigoj

2000-03-01

Full Text Available There is no doubt that the theory of social representations is one of the most popular, but at the same time one of the most controversial theories in contemporary social psychology. Its author, Serge Moscovici, conceived it with the explicit intention to create an alternative to the prevailing individualistic and psychologising, North-American social psychology. The theory of social representations is aimed at being a new social-psyhological paradigm, which would enable this scientific field to occupy a central place among the social sciencies. This place is supposed to be reserved for the field that would be able to connect the individual and the collective level of explanation of human behaviour. Because of such promisses, the theory of social representations took over the immagination of many european scholars, and research that refers to it in some way is abundant. However, there is also a darker side to the theory. It is incomplete and full of internal inconsistencies. Some authors repeatedly stress these points, but apparently without any considerable success. The theory of social representations has recently been presented in Slovenia (Vec, 1999, but without any serious attempt of evaluation and therefore, in my view, in an unsatisfactory way. Here I try to fill this gap, and so I focus on the logical structure of the theory and at its existing critiques. At the same time I try to explain the reasons for the theory's great popularity from a historical and socio-psychological point of view. In order to accomplish all that, I try to present the theory of social representations first, which — although already attempted many times — is by no means an easy task.

Utilisation des terres, biocombustibles et développement rural dans l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Soybean and the contribution of oilseeds to biodiesel production in Brazil. 47420. Articles de revue. Changes in hydrology and salinity accompanying a century of agricultural conversion in Argentina. Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Evaluating the consistency of the 1982-1999 NDVI trends in the Iberian Peninsula ...

Towards More Socio-Culturally Sensitive Research and Study of Workplace E-Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Remtulla, Karim A.

2010-01-01

This article advocates workplace adult education and training researchers and scholar practitioners interested in career and technical education (CTE), adult education and technology, and who are attempting social and cultural critiques of workplace e-learning. The emphasis on the technological and artefactual in workplace e-learning research and…

The mourning before: can anticipatory grief theory inform family care in adult intensive care?

Science.gov (United States)

Coombs, Maureen A

2010-12-01

Although anticipatory grief is a much-debated and critiqued bereavement concept, it does offer a way of understanding and exploring expected loss that may be helpful in certain situations. In end-of-life care in adult intensive care units, families often act as proxy decision makers for patients in the transition from curative treatment efforts to planned treatment withdrawal. Despite there being a developed evidence base to inform care of families at this time, few of the clinical studies that provided this evidence were underpinned by bereavement theory. Focusing on end-of-life intensive care practices, this paper integrates work on anticipatory grief and family interventions to present a family-centred framework of care. Through this it is argued that the complex needs of families must be more comprehensively understood by doctors and nurses and that interventions must be more systematically planned to improve quality end-of-life care for families in this setting.

L’APPORT DE LA SOCIOLOGIE PRAGMATIQUE FRANÇAISE AUX ÉTUDES CRITIQUES EN MANAGEMENT

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Benjamin Taupin

2015-02-01

Full Text Available French pragmatic sociology (PS, inspired by the work of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, is being increasingly used by organizational management studies. However, the critical dimension of this approach has not yet been integrated for the benefit of knowledge in management and organizations (MOK. In this article, we elaborate on the contribution that PS can represent for critical management studies (CMS. As a ‘science of the players’ science’ [science de la science des acteurs], we suggest that PS is fertile for the development of a critical performativity. In particular, we demonstrate that the approach allows shedding light on the new and more complex forms of domination exerted in contemporary organizations. Using empirical studies of organizations employing PS, we demonstrate how the concepts of compromise and test developed by this approach offer tools that allow renewing the critique of organizations for the benefit of MOK.

Duty or dream? Edwin G. Conklin's critique of eugenics and support for American individualism.

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Cooke, Kathy J

2002-01-01

This paper assesses ideas about moral and reproductive duty in American eugenics during the early twentieth century. While extreme eugenicists, including Charles Davenport and Paul Popenoe, argued that social leaders and biologists must work to prevent individuals who were "unfit" from reproducing, moderates, especially Edwin G. Conklin, presented a different view. Although he was sympathetic to eugenic goals and participated in eugenic organizations throughout his life, Conklin realized that eugenic ideas rarely could meet strict hereditary measures. Relying on his experience as an embryologist, Conklin instead attempted to balance more extreme eugenic claims - that emphasized the absolute limits posed by heredity - with his own view of "the possibilities of development." Through his critique he argued that most human beings never even begin to approach their hereditary potential; he moderated his own eugenic rhetoric so that it preserved individual opportunity and responsibility, or what has often been labeled the American Dream.

Hijacking Subaltern’s history (broken bodies, broken voices: Decolonial critique of ‘Subaltern whiteness’ in South Africa

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Chammah J. Kaunda

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This article uses decolonial to critique the discourse of ‘subaltern whiteness’ by questioning some Afrikaner scholars’ morality of regarding ‘white Afrikaners as subaltern’. Subaltern designates submerged, subordinated, exploited or suppressed – those whose voices have been historically muted, their humanity stripped by those with sociopolitical and economic power. Within South Africa, this raises the question: to what extent can white Afrikaners be regarded as subaltern? The article proposes indivisibility of epistemic vulnerability and regenerative theological praxis both emerging within Afrikaner theological discussion as viable response to broken bodies of those who still bear the marks or scars of apartheid and rather not to seek to hijack their voice.

High Flight: History of the U.S. Air Force Academy

Science.gov (United States)

2009-09-01

Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes 64.1 (2007): 39-67. Gowaskie, Joe. "The Teaching of World History: A Status Report...Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes 64.1 (2007): 39-67. Godrey, Mark F., Bruce A. Smith and Jock C.H. Schwank. "Visual

Participatory and evidence-based recommendations for urban redevelopment following natural disasters: older adults as policy advisers.

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Annear, Michael; Keeling, Sally; Wilkinson, Tim

2014-03-01

To develop community-generated recommendations to inform urban environmental remediation following earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and share these with local decision-makers during a participatory action research process. This study employed three focus group discussions to critique mixed-methods and multiphase results and develop evidence-based recommendations. Participants included 30 volunteers and 8 knowledgeable advisers aged 65 years and older. Participant recommendations addressed the remediation of earthquake-affected suburbs, access to transportation, age-friendly design, safer communities, resilient support agencies, and restoration of resources for social and cultural activities. Older collaborators identified salient barriers to active ageing and options for post-earthquake redevelopment that had not previously been considered in research or policy. Independently living older adults are well placed to work with researchers to develop recommendations to improve the urban environment following natural disasters as well as in times of relative stability. © 2013 ACOTA.

Raising Questions About Capitalist Globalization and Universalizing Views on Women: A Transnational Feminist Critique of the World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development.

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Scheer, Victoria L; Stevens, Patricia E; Mkandawire-Valhmu, Lucy

2016-01-01

Nursing in the United States has embraced global health primarily from a clinical perspective, with emphasis on care delivery to populations in underserved, resource-poor settings. Less attention has been devoted to developing expertise about social, economic, and political contexts that produce ill health around the world. The purpose of this article is to offer a transnational feminist critique of the World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development and to illuminate implications such reports may have in the lives of the world's most marginalized women and girls. We examine the political economy idealized in the report, raising questions about the capitalist framework underpinning its agenda. Second, we examine the assumptive language used in the report, suggesting that it discursively constructs a problematic representation of women in low-income countries. We contend that the report perpetuates a hegemonic discourse of patriarchy and inequality for women in the Global South through the use of an uncontested economic framework and universalist reasoning. We conclude the article with discussion about a transformative policy making that could be more inclusive of the wisdoms, values, and everyday experiences of women living in the Global South and about the vital role nurses can play in advancing gender equity through their active collaboration in policy critique and policy formulation.

WHY WORK? A CULTURALLY INFORMED CRITIQUE OF PAST AND PRESENT SHOP FLOOR INTERPRETATIONS OF WORK

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MIHAELA KELEMEN

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This paper provides a cultural critique of the meanings of work as theytranscend different modes of production. Twenty years on from the collapse of state socialism,Western experts are still called upon to prescribe ‘the best way’ for how productive workshould be conducted/managed across the non-Western world (Jankowicz, 1993; 1994; Kostera,1995, Kelemen, 1999. This ‘one best way’ usually assumes that the basic unit of analysis is therational, utility-maximising individual; a species, bred inside Westernized secondary andtertiary educational institutions, business schools, or (vocational training courses, all of theseproducing their special form of ‘learning to labour’ (Willis, 1977. Thus equipped, this species– what we might call, for the time being, the ‘model-worker’ - is bound to inhabit a ratherinhabitable place, an arena of in increasingly global capitalism: the market.

Collaboration pour l'analyse et l'innovation en matière de systèmes ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

School health in South Africa : reflections on the past and prospects for the future. Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Health policy and systems research : needs, challenges and opportunities in South Africa - a university perspective. Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Whole-system change : case study of factors ...

Notes on a methodological discussion: autobiography, critique and time

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Gunvor Løkken

2010-06-01

Full Text Available After having tried for some time to overview the contemporary field of qualitative research to give a lecture for a professorship in that area, my idea at the outset of writing this article was to address whether changes in qualitative research should be viewed as recurrent revolutions as highlighted by Denzin and Lincoln (2000; 2005, or as a field of continuing key themes and long-standing tensions, as conceptualized by Atkinson, Coffey and Delamont (2003. However, during my writing, after one detour into the May 2009 issue of Current Sociology and a second detour into the July 2009 issue of Qualitative Research, my attention focused on to how critical debate and review are displayed in different methodological positions of qualitative research. In my reading, the discussion in Current Sociology between main stream and postmodern methodological positioning revealed an utterly one-way feminist critique; this was also the case in one of three book reviews of The Handbook of Qualitative Research (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005 in the referred issue of Qualitative Research. My puzzle over this critical stance, and my third detour, into Yvonne Lincoln’s discussion of twenty-five years of qualitative and new paradigm research in the January 2010 Issue of Qualitative Inquiry, helped evolve the following notes on a methodological discussion. The notes are partly structured by a temporal narrative over personally lived qualitative research, and partly by an epistemological narrative of a methodological discussion, interwoven with the passing of time when writing.

Le Mouvement Social

OpenAIRE

FRIDENSON, Patrick

2003-01-01

J'ai la faiblesse d'affirmer que parmi les revues françaises d'histoire Le Mouvement Social est la revue qui a publié le plus d'articles et de comptes rendus en matière d'histoire des femmes et du gender. Chacun peut le vérifier grâce à nos pages Web sur le site Internet du Dictionnaire créé par Jean Maitron. Elles comportent la table des matières complète de la revue depuis sa fondation en 1960. Notre rédaction est extrêmement fière de ce résultat. Mais elle reconnaît qu'il a été difficile à...

Répertoire des thèses (2006 - mars 2011

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2011-04-01

Full Text Available En Belgique francophonede Marneffe (Daphné, Entre modernisme et avant-garde. Le réseau des revues littéraires de l’immédiat après-guerre en Belgique (1919-1922Mots-clés : littérature belge, sociabilités intellectuelles, réseau, revues littéraires, modernisme, avant-garde.Langue du manuscrit :  françaisRésumé : L’ensemble des revues littéraires « modernistes et d’avant-garde » parues en Belgique immédiatement après la première guerre mondiale (jusqu’en 1922 est étudié dans une perspective d...

Répertoire des thèses 2006-2010

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2010-12-01

Full Text Available En Belgique francophonede Marneffe (Daphné, Entre modernisme et avant-garde. Le réseau des revues littéraires de l’immédiat après-guerre en Belgique (1919-1922Mots-clés : littérature belge, sociabilités intellectuelles, réseau, revues littéraires, modernisme, avant-garde.Langue du manuscrit :  françaisRésumé : L’ensemble des revues littéraires « modernistes et d’avant-garde » parues en Belgique immédiatement après la première guerre mondiale (jusqu’en 1922 est étudié dans une perspective d...

The effect of the internet on teen and young adult tobacco use: a literature review.

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Forsyth, Susan R; Kennedy, Christine; Malone, Ruth E

2013-01-01

Research has shown that a positive association exists between exposure to smoking imagery, such as that found in movies and print advertising, and the subsequent uptake of cigarette smoking. Children appear to be especially vulnerable to advertising messaging and other positive portrayals of smoking, given that most adult smokers develop the habit before age 18 years. Although many traditional types of media have been studied, the current generation of youth is growing up as digital natives, with young people increasingly using the Internet for entertainment and to obtain information. Currently the Internet is an essentially unregulated marketplace of ideas and images. However, the effect of the Internet on teen smoking initiation has received little attention in studies. In this literature review, we summarize and critique the existing work, identify current knowledge gaps, and offer suggestions to health care providers about how to address this issue. Copyright © 2013 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Review of Le tournant de la théorie critique, Collection Solidarité et société, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 2015

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rendtorff, Jacob Dahl

2016-01-01

This review article provides a review of the book Review of Le tournant de la théorie critique, Collection Solidarité et société, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 2015. This book is an important contribution to contemporary critical theory that reestablies critical theory in current debates ab...... ideologies are not dead but instead have been reshaped by the hegemonic influence of neoliberalism and the present submissions of individuals to the structures of capitalism.......This review article provides a review of the book Review of Le tournant de la théorie critique, Collection Solidarité et société, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 2015. This book is an important contribution to contemporary critical theory that reestablies critical theory in current debates...... about the future of neoliberalism. This book about the turn of critical towards proposing an alternative vision of the social order, justice, society and democracy gives us a very good description of how to analyse contemporary structures of omination. The book is positing that major political...

Reliability of CRBR primary piping: critique of stress-strength overlap method for cold-leg inlet downcomer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bari, R.A.; Buslik, A.J.; Papazoglou, I.A.

1976-04-01

A critique is presented of the strength-stress overlap method for the reliability of the CRBR primary heat transport system piping. The report addresses, in particular, the reliability assessment of WARD-D-0127 (Piping Integrity Status Report), which is part of the CRBR PSAR docket. It was found that the reliability assessment is extremely sensitive to the assumed shape for the probability density function for the strength (regarded as a random variable) of the cold-leg inlet downcomer section of the primary piping. Based on the rigorous Chebyschev inequality, it is shown that the piping failure probability is less than 10 -2 . On the other hand, it is shown that the failure probability can be much larger than approximately 10 -13 , the typical value put forth in WARD-D-0127

Aquaculture intérieure et adaptation aux changements climatiques ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Learning about climate-related risks: decisions of Northern Thailand fish farmers in a role-playing simulation game. Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Effect of Water De-stratification on Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonia in Tilapia Ponds in Northern Thailand. Téléchargez le PDF.

Controversial Ebola vaccine trials in Ghana: a thematic analysis of critiques and rebuttals in digital news.

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Kummervold, Per Egil; Schulz, William S; Smout, Elizabeth; Fernandez-Luque, Luis; Larson, Heidi J

2017-08-07

Communication is of paramount importance in responding to health crises. We studied the media messages put forth by different stakeholders in two Ebola vaccine trials that became controversial in Ghana. These interactions between health authorities, political actors, and public citizens can offer key lessons for future research. Through an analysis of online media, we analyse stakeholder concerns and incentives, and the phases of the dispute, to understand how the dispute evolved to the point of the trials being suspended, and analyse what steps might have been taken to avert this outcome. A web-based system was developed to download and analyse news reports relevant to Ebola vaccine trials. This included monitoring major online newspapers in each country with planned clinical trials, including Ghana. All news articles were downloaded, selecting out those containing variants of the words "Ebola," and "vaccine," which were analysed thematically by a team of three coders. Two types of themes were defined: critiques of the trials and rebuttals in favour of the trials. After reconciling differences between coders' results, the data were visualised and reviewed to describe and interpret the debate. A total of 27,460 articles, published between 1 May and 30 July 2015, were collected from nine different newspapers in Ghana, of which 139 articles contained the keywords and met the inclusion criteria. The final codebook included 27 themes, comprising 16 critiques and 11 rebuttals. After coding and reconciliation, the main critiques (and their associated rebuttals) were selected for in-depth analysis, including statements about the trials being secret (mentioned in 21% of articles), claims that the vaccine trials would cause an Ebola outbreak in Ghana (33%), and the alleged impropriety of the incentives offered to participants (35%). Perceptions that the trials were "secret" arose from a combination of premature news reporting and the fact that the trials were prohibited

Nouveaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique à base de mercure

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Michel, C.; Hervieu, M.; Martin, C.; Maignan, A.; Pelloquin, D.; Goutenoire, F.; Huvé, M.; Raveau, B.

1994-11-01

Structural and superconducting properties of new cations substituted mercury based oxides are described. They are mainly characterized by [ Hg{1-x}MxOδ] infty monolayers, however a compound with doubled [ Hg{1-x}MxOδ] infty layer is described for the first time. Critical temperatures vary in a large range 0leqslant T_cleqslant 130 K, but they are lower than those of related to pure mercury oxides. The influence of annealings in various atmospheres upon T_c is discussed. Les caractéristiques structurales et supraconductrices de nouveaux oxydes à base de mercure, dans lesquels le mercure est partiellement remplacé par un autre cation, sont décrites. Dans la majorité des cas, ces oxydes sont caractérisés par une monocouche [ Hg{1-x}MxOδ] infty ; cependant, pour la première fois un composé contenant une double couche majoritaire en mercure est isolé. Les températures critiques varient dans un large domaine (0-130 K) mais restent inférieures à celles des oxydes parents ll tout mercure gg. L'influence des recuits sous des atmosphères diverses est discutée.

Beyond institutional critique: Mark Dion’s surrealist wunderkammer at the Manchester Museum

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Marion Endt-Jones

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Mark Dion’s Bureau of the Centre for the Study of Surrealism and its Legacy, which opened at the Manchester Museum in May 2005, seems to represent a crossover between an old curator’s office, a storage room and a sixteenth century cabinet of curiosities. This essay closely examines two aspects of the installation, its inaccessibility and its concern with ‘alternative’, pre-Enlightenment taxonomy and classification, and explores in which ways they contrast and challenge the Museum’s display strategies. It investigates how the artist, by drawing on the university museum’s wunderkammer legacy and taking a detour via surrealism in the process, manages to undermine the binary logic earlier forms of institutional critique got entrapped in. By engaging in a symbiotic and cooperative, rather than parasitic and aggressive, relationship with the institution, the artist reminds us to focus on the museum’s ‘unique selling propositions’: the object’s historicity and the employees’ specialist expertise. The paper draws on the ideas of André Breton, Roger Caillois and Michel de Certeau to show how Dion proposes a new understanding of what is meant by ‘institutional critique’.

‘… Earth’s proud empires pass away…’: The glorification and critique of power in songs and hymns of Imperial Britain

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Gertrud Tönsing

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Songs and hymns shape faith and play a part in shaping political landscapes. They can be used to build or maintain power as well as to critique and challenge it. This has been true for South Africa, and some brief examples will be given. But this article focuses on hymns and patriotic songs from the time of the British Empire and explores how they portray power, entrench superiority or build a common, global Christian identity.

Couches minces supraconductrices à haute température critique pour l'électronique

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Guilloux-Viry, M.; Perrin, A.

1998-08-01

High critical temperature superconductors (HTCS) are very promising for applications in microelectronics due to the control of high quality epitaxial thin films, in spite of a number of specific constraints. Active and passive devices are already available in various laboratories, prooving that applications are actually expected soon. We report here on the interest of HTCS thin films, on preparation processes including materials and substrates choice, and also on characterization methods which are required in order to chek the quality of the samples. Finally some illustrative examples of applications are presented. Les supraconducteurs à haute température critique ouvrent des perspectives prometteuses dans le domaine de l'électronique en raison de la maîtrise de la croissance de films minces de haute qualité cristalline et physique, malgré des difficultés spécifiques. Des dispositifs, aussi bien actifs que passifs, commencent à être réalisés dans divers laboratoires, montrant que des applications peuvent être effectivement envisagées à relativement court terme.

Ethics of Risk. Kristin Shrader-Frechette's Philosophical Critique of Risk Assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heikkeroe, Topi [Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Centre for Social Ethics

2006-09-15

This paper addresses risk assessment from a philosophical point of view. It presents and critically reviews the work of Kristin Shrader-Frechette. It introduces the ethical, epistemological, and methodological issues related to risk assessment. The paper focuses on the ethical questions of justice in risk decisions. It opens by framing the relationship between ethics and technology in the modern world. Then the paper turns to a brief description of risk assessment as a central method in technological decision making. It proceeds to show how Shrader-Frechette analyzes ethical and political aspects of risk assessment. The central argumentation In her critique follows RawIsian lines: distributive and participatory inequalities in creating technological constructions need to be justified. To clarify this requirement she formulates the Principle of Prima Facie Political Equity (PPFPE), which is her central tool in most of her ethical criticism, for instance, in relation to the future generations: prima facie. all generations should be treated equally. Brief critical remarks conclude the paper. They touch upon placing Shrader-Frechette's project on the academic chart and her liberal individualist anthropology.

Sept programmes normatifs pour une sociologie critique des inégalités

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Jean-Louis Genard

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Toute sociologie critique présuppose la référence à un horizon normatif fondant la défense des positions critiques. Cet horizon normatif demeure parfois, voire souvent, implicite, vraisemblablement parce que son explicitation paraîtrait transgresser l’impératif de neutralisation axiologique qui marque fortement l’épistémologie des sciences sociales, ou, à tout le moins, parce qu’il fait glisser le travail du sociologue sur les terrains de la théorie politique ou du militantisme. Cette contribution cherche au contraire à rendre explicites ces horizons normatifs dans le cas, central pour la sociologie critique, des inégalités sociales. Sept paradigmes normatifs sont ainsi dégagés, articulés et mis en relation avec les enjeux actuels relatifs aux théories de la justice. Leur différenciation se construit principalement à partir de discussions sur les référentiels anthropologiques qui servent d’appui critique (l’idéal anthropologique d’une société juste est-elle l’autonomie ou la vulnérabilité ? Qu’est-ce que l’autonomie ?, etc., sur les conceptions de la justice (l’égalité doit-elle être pensée comme égalité de traitement, de ressources, d’opportunités…? Doit-elle être réfléchie comme redistribution ou comme reconnaissance ?, sur les manières d’envisager la collectivisation de la responsabilité (jusqu’où devons-nous assumer le droit à la différence ? Faut-il y inclure les générations futures ?, ainsi que sur les manières de définir ce qu’est une vie bonne (faut-il mettre en question les liens entre autonomie et émancipation ? La visée de l’égalité ne doit-elle pas d’abord mettre en question nos conceptions héritées de la vie bonne qui sont de fait phagocytées par la consommation et le gaspillage ?.Seven Normative Programs for a Critical Sociology of InequalitiesAny critical sociology assumes a reference to a normative horizon based on the defense of

The Critique of The Moral Worldview

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Ezra Heymann

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen:El examen de la visión moral del mundo que Hegel realiza en la Fenomenología del Espíritu VI C es polémico y hostil en sus acentos. Sin embargo, las objeciones puntuales a los planteamientos comunes a la ética kantiana y fichteana son justas y deben ser tenidas en cuenta cuando tratamos de rescatar lo que la ética kantiana tiene de convincente.La crítica de Hegel se centra en la relación que se da en todo actuar entre la conciencia y la naturaleza: tanto la naturaleza a la cual la acción se aplica y en medio de la cual se desenvuelve, como la naturaleza interior que alimenta y da fuerza ejecutiva al pensar y querer. Hegel muestra que la reivindicación de una autarquía de la conciencia moral no es sólo quimérica; ella desconoce la razón de ser y la posibilidad interna de la acción. Al poner de manifiesto la esencial incompletitud de todo saber moral, sea en la forma de una conciencia en general, sea en la de una individualidad que se autoafirma, Hegel abre una perspectiva a su noción de espíritu absoluto, entendido como la conciencia que reconoce en la contrariedad y en su insuficiencia su propio y adecuado elemento vital. Abstract:Hegel's examination of the “moral worldview” in his Phenomenology of Spirit , VI C, is anything but friendly. Nevertheless, his precise objections to the common basis of Kant's and Fichte's ethics are justified, and we must give them due attention if we want to work out what we find convincing in Kantian ethics. Hegel's critique focuses on the relationship between consciousness and nature: both the world in which action takes place and develops, and our inner nature which nurtures and gives executive force to our thought and our inclinations. To consider moral consciousness autarchic is not only unrealistic, according to Hegel; it also means to ignore the rationale and the internal possibility of action. By revealing the essential incompleteness of all moral knowledge, this chapter opens a

Medical approaches to suffering are limited, so why critique Improving Access to Psychological Therapies from the same ideology.

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Binnie, James

2018-04-01

Although the article by Scott rightly questions the dynamics of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies system and re-examines the recovery rates, finding quite shocking results, his recommendations are ultimately flawed. There is a strong critique of the diagnostic procedures in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services, but the answer is not to diagnose more rigorously and to adhere more strictly to a manualised approach to psychotherapy. The opposite may be required. Alternatives to the medical model of distress offer a less stigmatising and more human approach to helping people with their problems. Perhaps psychological therapists and the people they work alongside would be better served by a psychological approach rather than a psychiatric one.

Gerald Raunig, Gene Ray e Ulf Wuggenig (orgs. (2011, Critique of Creativity: Precarity, Subjectivity and Resistance in the Creative Industries

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Pedro Quintela

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O debate sobre as indústrias culturais e criativas ganhou visibilidade nos últimos anos, ultrapassando o contexto académico e invadindo o espaço público, através dos média e dos agentes políticos. No contexto europeu a “agenda da criatividade” constitui hoje uma das principais tendências estruturadoras dos discursos e das práticas políticas. A obra Critique of Creativity, recentemente publicada, insere‑se nesta discussão. Este livro pretende contribuir para a análise do recente hype em torno...

Effets Seebeck et Nernst dans les cuprates: Etude de la reconstruction de la surface de Fermi sous champ magnetique intense

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Laliberte, Francis

2010-06-01

Ce memoire presente des mesures de transport thermoelectrique, les effets Seebeck et Nernst, dans une serie d'echantillons de supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique. Des resultats obtenus recemment au Laboratoire National des Champs Magnetiques Intenses a Grenoble sur La1.7Eu0.2Sr0.1 CuO4, La1.675Eu0.2Sr0.125CuO 4, La1.64Eu0.2Sr0.16CuO4, La1.74Eu0.1Sr0.16CuO4 et La 1.4Nd0.4Sr0.2CuO4 sont analyses. Une attention particuliere est accordee aux equations de la theorie semi-classique du transport et leur validite est verifiee. La procedure experimentale et les materiaux utilises pour concevoir les montages de mesures sont expliques en detail. Enfin, un chapitre est dedie a l'explication et l'interpretation des resultats de transport thermoelectrique sur YBa2Cu3O6+delta publies au cours de l'hiver 2010 dans les revues Nature et Physical Review Letters. Les donnees d'effet Seebeck dans les echantillons de La 1.8-x,Eu0.2SrxCuO 4, ou un changement de signe est observe, permettent de conclure a la presence d'une poche d'electrons dans la surface de Fermi qui domine le transport a basse temperature dans la region sous-dopee du diagramme de phase. Cette conclusion est similaire a celle obtenue par des mesures d'effet Hall dans YBa 2Cu3O6+delta et elle cadre bien dans un scenario de reconstruction de la surface de Fermi. Les donnees d'effet Nernst recueillies indiquent que la contribution des fluctuations supraconductrices est limitee a un modeste intervalle de temperature au-dessus de la temperature critique.

Towards a Revision of Kantian Anthropocentrism Arguments for an Ethical Consideration of (Organic) Nature According to the “Teleological Critique of Judgment”

OpenAIRE

Natalia Andrea Lerussi

2015-01-01

The “Teleological Critique of Judgment” is analyzed to revise, using three lines of argument, the supposed Kantian anthropocentrism according to which the ends of man define the ends of nature in such a way that relegates nature to a mere instrument. The first line of argument shows how the treatment of nature as a means has been limited by morality. The other two advance beyond anthropocentric ethics to trace elements of an ethics oriented toward (organic) nature in which all of its members ...

The article critique as a problem-based teaching method for medical students early in their training: a French example using anatomy.

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Havet, Eric; Duparc, Fabrice; Peltier, Johan; Tobenas-Dujardin, Anne-Claire; Fréger, Pierre

2012-01-01

In France, "article critique" became a particular teaching method in the second part of the medical curriculum. It approaches a reading exercise of scientific medical papers similar to that of journal club. It could be compared to reviewing a paper as performed by reviewers of a scientific journal. We studied the relevancy of that teaching method for the youngest medical students. Our questions were about the understanding and the analyzing ability of a scientific paper while students have just learned basic medical sciences as anatomy. We have included 54 "article critique" written by voluntary students in second and third years of medical cursus. All of the IMRaD structure items (introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion) were analyzed using a qualitative scale for understanding as for analyzing ability. For understanding, 89-96% was good or fair and for the analyzing ability, 93-100% was good or fair. The anatomical papers were better understood than therapeutic or paraclinical studies, but without statistical difference, except for the introduction chapter. Results for analyzing ability were various according to the subject of the papers. This teaching method could be compared to a self-learning method, but also to a problem-based learning method. For the youngest students, the lack of medical knowledge aroused the curiosity. Their enthusiasm to learn new medical subjects remained full. The authors would insist on the requirement of rigorous lessons about evidence-based medicine and IMRaD structure and on a necessary companionship of the students by the teachers.

Controversial Ebola vaccine trials in Ghana: a thematic analysis of critiques and rebuttals in digital news

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Per Egil Kummervold

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Communication is of paramount importance in responding to health crises. We studied the media messages put forth by different stakeholders in two Ebola vaccine trials that became controversial in Ghana. These interactions between health authorities, political actors, and public citizens can offer key lessons for future research. Through an analysis of online media, we analyse stakeholder concerns and incentives, and the phases of the dispute, to understand how the dispute evolved to the point of the trials being suspended, and analyse what steps might have been taken to avert this outcome. Methods A web-based system was developed to download and analyse news reports relevant to Ebola vaccine trials. This included monitoring major online newspapers in each country with planned clinical trials, including Ghana. All news articles were downloaded, selecting out those containing variants of the words “Ebola,” and “vaccine,” which were analysed thematically by a team of three coders. Two types of themes were defined: critiques of the trials and rebuttals in favour of the trials. After reconciling differences between coders’ results, the data were visualised and reviewed to describe and interpret the debate. Results A total of 27,460 articles, published between 1 May and 30 July 2015, were collected from nine different newspapers in Ghana, of which 139 articles contained the keywords and met the inclusion criteria. The final codebook included 27 themes, comprising 16 critiques and 11 rebuttals. After coding and reconciliation, the main critiques (and their associated rebuttals were selected for in-depth analysis, including statements about the trials being secret (mentioned in 21% of articles, claims that the vaccine trials would cause an Ebola outbreak in Ghana (33%, and the alleged impropriety of the incentives offered to participants (35%. Discussion Perceptions that the trials were “secret” arose from a combination

Disparities in Healthcare for Racial, Ethnic, and Sexual Minorities

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Collins, Joshua C.; Rocco, Tonette S.

2014-01-01

This chapter situates healthcare as a concern for the field of adult education through a critique of disparities in access to healthcare, quality of care received, and caregiver services for racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities.

Plan d'action stratégique du ROCARE - 2007-2011 | CRDI - Centre ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Recherche en éducation : 21 équipes bénéficient du programme de petites subventions Rocare 2007. Téléchargez le PDF. Articles de revue. Côte d'Ivoire : le réseau ouest africain de recherche en éducation (ROCARE) organise un séminaire sur la rédaction scientifique à Abidjan.

Visionary Critique. Gender, Self and Relationship in Rosetta and Two Days, One Night

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Stephanie Knauss

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The films of Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne stand out for their complex, multi-dimen¬sional female and male characters whose representation disrupts gender stereotypes in numerous ways, both in how the characters themselves are depicted and in how they are shown to relate to other individuals and their social context. In this contri¬bution, I explore the themes of self, relationship, solidarity, family and work – all of them recurring issues in the films by the Dardennes – using gender as my primary category of analysis, and focusing in particular on the treatment of these themes in Rosetta (Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, FR/BE 1999 and Deux jours, une nuit (Two Days, One Night, Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, BE/FR/IT 2014. I argue that whereas Rosetta (1999 offers a critique of the damaging effects of the masculinized capital¬ist system on individuals and their relationships, Two Days, One Night (2014 can be understood as a vision of alternative possibilities of solidarity and women’s empower¬ment and agency even within the persistent context of masculinized capitalism.

Surveillance urinaire des professionnels de la santé exposés aux antinéoplasiques dans le cadre de leur travail: revue de la littérature de 2010 à 2015

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Poupeau, Céline; Roland, Christel; Bussières, Jean-François

2016-01-01

RÉSUMÉ Contexte Il existe de plus en plus de données sur la présence de traces de médicaments dangereux dans l’urine des professionnels de la santé exposés à ces médicaments. Objectif Présenter une revue de la littérature scientifique concernant la surveillance urinaire de professionnels de la santé exposés aux anti-néoplasiques dans le cadre de leur travail. Sources de données Recherche sur PubMed avec les Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) « occupational exposure » et « antineoplastic agents » ainsi que sur Google Scholar avec les termes « antineoplastic », « urine » et « occupational exposure ». Sélection des études et extraction des données L’examen a porté sur tous les articles en anglais et en français ayant trait aux professionnels de la santé exposés à des médicaments dangereux dans le cadre de leur travail, publiés entre le 1er janvier 2010 et le 31 décembre 2015. Les articles ne comportant pas de résultats urinaires et ceux concernant les vétérinaires ainsi que les revues de littérature, les éditoriaux, les lettres à la rédaction et les résumés de congrès ont été exclus. Synthèse des données Vingt-quatre articles ont été retenus. Les études ont été menées dans 52 établissements de santé provenant de sept pays. Elles regroupaient 826 travailleurs exposés à des médicaments dangereux et 175 témoins, notamment des infirmiers (n = 16 études), des pharmaciens (n = 10), des assistants techniques en pharmacie (n = 8), des médecins (n = 7), des aides-soignants (n = 2) et autres (n = 8). Différentes méthodes analytiques ont été utilisées pour quantifier la présence de 13 médicaments dangereux, principalement le cyclophosphamide (n = 16 études), les platines (n = 7) et l’alpha-fluoro-béta-alanine, un métabolite urinaire du 5-fluorouracile (n = 3). La proportion de travailleurs qui ont étés déclarés positifs s’étendait de 0 % (n = 10 études) à 100 % (n = 4). Si l’on ne retient que

Les métropoles et la nouvelle critique urbaine

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Pierre Hamel

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La perspective critique élaborée par Henri Lefebvre demeure pertinente pour penser les rapports sociaux à l’espace, y inclus ceux qu’on observe dans les métropoles contemporaines en Amérique du Nord. En examinant la controverse autour de la forme urbaine telle que celle-ci a été remise à l’ordre du jour dans les années 1990 à la faveur du discours néorégionaliste, ce texte pose la question de l’avenir des métropoles et du modèle de ville dans lequel on souhaite vivre. La thèse défendue peut se résumer comme suit : afin de faire échec à la position libérale qui accorde la préséance aux facteurs économiques et aux forces du marché, les acteurs sociaux doivent porter le débat autour de la forme urbaine sur le terrain politique. À cette fin, l’urgence demeure de mobiliser la communauté politique.Henri Lefebvre’s critical approach remains appropriate for thinking about social relationships to space, including those we can now assess in North American metropolis. Through analyzing the controversy about the urban form as it has been highlighted again during the nineties and favored by the new regionalist discourse, this paper poses the question of the future of metropolis and the posterity of the urban model in which one wishes to live. Its thesis could be summarized like this : in order to make fail the liberal position which privileges to economical factors and market forces, social actors have to orientate the debate about the urban form towards the political field. In such a perspective, the emergency remains to mobilize the polity.

A critique of research on the use of activities with persons with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic literature review.

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Marshall, M J; Hutchinson, S A

2001-08-01

The topic of this paper concerns the use of therapeutic activities with persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose is to present a critique of the research on these activities, with an emphasis on methodology. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCT AND SCOPE: Nursing literature identifies a number of purposes for activities for persons with AD. Activities should be therapeutic, enhance quality of life, arrest mental decline, and generate and maintain self-esteem. Other purposes of activities for this population are to create immediate pleasure, re-establish dignity, provide meaningful tasks, restore roles, and enable friendships. Activities may be more important to the psychological state of well-being of persons with dementia than the general physical and social environments in which they live. The literature reviewed was identified with the use of computer data bases (Medline - 1991-March 2001; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) - 1991-March 2001; and PsychLit - 1988-March 1999). In addition, data bases of Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Indexes as they appear in the computer base, Web of Science, were searched for 1992-2001. The time period for each search was determined by the manner in which the literature was grouped for inclusion in the particular database. Hand searches of 11 selected journals included the years 1993-2001. The search dates were selected to reflect the time period when the largest number of studies on activities and AD have appeared in the professional literature. We critique a total of 33 studies. While researchers have demonstrated interest in the use of activities with persons with AD, theoretical and methodological difficulties, unclear findings and gaps exist, including a lack of emphasis on gender, ethnic, racial or cultural differences. Sampling issues involving diagnosis and staging complicate the research on individuals with AD. Case studies, single subject experimental designs, and tightly

Collaborative technologies, higher order thinking and self-sufficient learning: A case study of adult learners

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Clare S. Johnson

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The inclusion of online elements in learning environments is becoming commonplace in Post Compulsory Education. A variety of research into the value of such elements is available, and this study aims to add further evidence by looking specifically at the use of collaborative technologies such as online discussion forums and wikis to encourage higher order thinking and self-sufficient learning. In particular, the research examines existing pedagogical models including Salmon’s five-stage model, along with other relevant literature. A case study of adult learners in community-based learning centres forms the basis of the research, and as a result of the findings, an arrow model is suggested as a framework for online collaboration that emphasises the learner, mentions pre-course preparation and then includes three main phases of activity: post, interact and critique. This builds on Salmon’s five-stage model and has the benefit of being flexible and responsive, as well as allowing for further development beyond the model, particularly in a blended learning environment.

CARACTERÍSTICAS Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA REVISTA DIDÁCTICA GEOGRÁFICA

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Rafael Sebastiá Alcaraz

2011-12-01

�tudierles aspects qualitatifs et quantitatifs et, en particulier, la question formelle, lescaractéristiques des auteurs, la nature des contenus, l'iconographie utilisée, la présencedes nouvelles technologies, etc.Finalement, notre étude présente une vision critique de la revue avec l'objectif derenforcer un milieu de rencontre entre les enseignants en géographie et prétendcontribuer à la diffusion de la recherche éducative pour améliorer l’enseignement decette discipline.MOTS-CLÉS:Analyse, Revue, Didactique géographique.

Validities and abilities in criminal profiling: a critique of the studies conducted by Richard Kocsis and his colleagues.

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Bennell, Craig; Jones, Natalie J; Taylor, Paul J; Snook, Brent

2006-06-01

In a recent issue of this journal, Kocsis reviewed the criminal profiling research that he and his colleagues have conducted during the past 4 years. Their research examines the correlates of profile accuracy with respect to the skills of the individual constructing the profile, and it has led Kocsis to draw conclusions that are important to the profiling field. In this article, the authors review the contributions of the Kocsis studies and critique their methodological and conceptual foundations. The authors raise a number of concerns and argue that data from the Kocsis studies fail to support many of the conclusions presented in his recent review. The authors present evidence in support of their assertions and provide recommendations that will allow future research in the area to generate data that are more meaningful and generalizable.

Towards a Revision of Kantian Anthropocentrism Arguments for an Ethical Consideration of (Organic Nature According to the “Teleological Critique of Judgment”

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Natalia Andrea Lerussi

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The “Teleological Critique of Judgment” is analyzed to revise, using three lines of argument, the supposed Kantian anthropocentrism according to which the ends of man define the ends of nature in such a way that relegates nature to a mere instrument. The first line of argument shows how the treatment of nature as a means has been limited by morality. The other two advance beyond anthropocentric ethics to trace elements of an ethics oriented toward (organic nature in which all of its members are also defined as ends, that is, as morally worthy.

N° 341-Diagnostic et prise en charge de la torsion annexielle chez les filles, les adolescentes et les femmes adultes.

Science.gov (United States)

Kives, Sari; Gascon, Suzy; Dubuc, Élise; Van Eyk, Nancy

2017-02-01

Passer en revue les connaissances scientifiques actuelles et formuler des recommandations relatives au diagnostic et à la prise en charge de la torsion annexielle chez les filles, les adolescentes et les femmes adultes. L'étude porte sur les facteurs de risque, la précision diagnostique, les options de prise en charge et les issues de la torsion annexielle. RéSULTATS: Nous avons examiné les études publiées en faisant des recherches dans MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL et la Bibliothèque Cochrane à l'aide d'une terminologie contrôlée et de mots-clés appropriés (« adnexal torsion », « ovarian torsion »). Nous avons limité les résultats aux revues systématiques, aux essais contrôlés aléatoires, aux essais cliniques contrôlés et aux études d'observation. Nous avons refait les recherches de façon régulière et intégré de nouvelles données à la directive jusqu'en décembre 2014. Nous avons également étudié la littérature grise (non publiée) trouvée sur les sites Web d'organismes d'évaluation des technologies de la santé et d'autres organismes connexes, dans des collections de directives cliniques et dans des registres d'essais cliniques, et obtenue auprès d'associations nationales et internationales de médecins spécialistes. Les résultats ont été examinés et évalués par le comité CANPAGO de la Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada (SOGC), sous la direction des auteures principales. Les recommandations ont été classées selon les critères établis par le Groupe d'étude canadien sur les soins de santé préventifs. AVANTAGES, DéSAVANTAGES ET COûTS: L'application de la directive devrait aider les praticiens à adopter une approche de diagnostic et de prise en charge optimale en matière de torsion annexielle, à réduire au minimum les effets néfastes et à améliorer l'issue qui attend les patientes. La présente directive a été évaluée et approuvée par le Comité de pratique - gynécologie de la SOGC

Selective critique of risk assessments with recommendations for improving methodology and practise

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aven, Terje

2011-01-01

Risk assessments are often criticised for defending activities that could harm the environment and human health. The risk assessments produce numbers which are used to prove that the risk associated with the activity is acceptable. In this way, risk assessments seem to be a tool generally serving business. Government agencies have based their regulations on the use of risk assessment and the prevailing practise is supported by the regulations. In this paper, we look more closely into this critique. Are risk assessments being misused or are risk assessments simply not a suitable tool for guiding decision-making in the face of risks and uncertainties? Is the use of risk assessments not servicing public interests? We argue that risk assessments may provide useful decision support but the quality of the risk assessments and the associated risk assessment processes need to be improved. In this paper, three main improvement areas (success factors) are identified and discussed: (1) the scientific basis of the risk assessments needs to be strengthened, (2) the risk assessments need to provide a much broader risk picture than what is typically the case today. Separate uncertainty analyses should be carried out, extending the traditional probabilistic-based analyses and (3) the cautionary and precautionary principles need to be seen as rational risk management approaches, and their application would, to a large extent, be based on risk and uncertainty assessments.

Alecto - results obtained with homogeneous critical experiments on plutonium 239, uranium 235 and uranium 233; Alecto - resultats des experiences critiques homogenes realisees sur le plutonium 239, l'uranium 235 et l'uranium 233

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruna, J G; Brunet, J P; Caizegues, R; Clouet d' Orval, Ch; Kremser, J; Tellier, H; Verriere, Ph [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

In this report are given the results of the homogeneous critical experiments ALECTO, made on plutonium 239, uranium 235 and uranium 233. After a brief description of the equipment, the critical masses for cylinders of diameters varying from 25 to 42 cm, are given and compared with other values (foreign results, criticality guide). With respect to the specific conditions of neutron reflection in the ALECTO experiments the minimal values of critical masses are: Pu239 M{sub c} = 910 {+-} 10 g, U235 M{sub c} = 1180 {+-} 12 g and U233 M{sub c} = 960 {+-} 10 g. Experiments relating to cross sections and constants to be used on these materials are presented. Lastly, kinetic experiments allow to compare pulsed neutron methods to fluctuation methods. [French] On presente dans ce rapport les resultats des experiences critiques homogenes ALECTO, effectuees sur le plutonium 239, l'uranium 235 et l'uranium 233. Apres avoir rappele la description des installations, on donne les masses critiques pour des cylindres de diametres variant entre 25 et 42 cm, qui sont comparees avec d'autres chiffres (resultats etrangers, guide de criticite). Dans les gammes des diametres etudies pour des cuves a fond plat reflechies lateralement, la valeur minimale des masses critiques est la suivante: Pu239 M{sub c} = 910 {+-} 10 g, U235 M{sub c} = 1180 {+-} 12 g et U233 M{sub c} 960 {+-} 10 g. Des experiences portant sur les sections efficaces et les constantes a utiliser sur ces milieux sont ensuite presentees. Enfin des experiences de cinetique permettent une comparaison entre la methode des neutrons pulses et la methode des fluctuations. (auteur)

Review of the critical current densities and magnetic irreversibilities in high T_c superconductors

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Senoussi, S.

1992-07-01

This review article is concerned with critical current density (J) and magnetic irreversibilities in high-T_c superconductors (HTSC). The apparent J derived from different experimental techniques (transport, hysteresis cycle, ac-susceptibility) are compared. The influence of time (relaxation effects) as well as the macroscopic size of the sample on the criteria defining J are discussed. The dependences of the critical current on grain boundaries (“weaks-links”), texturing and other physical and chemical defects are examined in detail. The role of self fields is clarified. The critical current is strongly influenced by the anisotropy of the layered structure practically whatever the experimental conditions. Intrinsic pinning is lowered by defects. Demagnetizing effects and surface pinnings are reviewed. The usual critical state and flux creep models are recalled emphasizing the physical aspects most specific to HTSC. A theoretical model which takes into account the equilibrium magnetization and sample granularity is developed. It reproduces most of the characteristic features of both the hysteresis cycle and ac-susceptibility. A number of new formulae are introduced. They generalize the Bean model and show how to correct for the dimensions of the grains (granular materials), the macroscopic radius of the sample, anisotropy and demagnetization effects in certain situations. Several limits beyond which the usual critical state breaks down are discussed: (1) the quasi elastic limit where the variable field is too weak to depin the vortices, (2) H≈ H_C1 so that the interaction between vortex lines is exponentially weak and (3) T and H close to the “irreversibility line” where the influence of viscous forces are strong. (4) Hgg H_C1 so that J is governed by collective pinning. Ce papier de revue est consacré aux courant critiques (J) et aux irréversibilités magnétiques dans les nouveaux matériaux supraconducteurs (HTSC). Nous y comparons les densités des

‘Trick’, ‘Manipulation’ and ‘Farce’: Albert Moll’s Critique of Occultism

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Wolffram, Heather

2012-01-01

In July 1925, the psychiatrist Albert Moll appeared before the district court in Berlin-Schöneberg charged with having defamed the medium Maria Vollhardt (alias Rudloff) in his 1924 book Der Spiritismus [Spiritism]. Supported by some of Berlin’s most prominent occultists, the plaintiff – the medium’s husband – argued that Moll’s use of terms such as ‘trick’, ‘manipulation’ and ‘farce’ in reference to Vollhardt’s phenomena had been libellous. In the three-part trial that followed, however, Moll’s putative affront to the medium – of which he was eventually acquitted – was overshadowed, on the one hand, by a debate over the scientific status of parapsychology, and on the other, by the question of who – parapsychologists, occultists, psychiatrists or jurists – was entitled to claim epistemic authority over the occult. This paper will use the Rudloff–Moll trial as a means of examining Moll’s critique of occultism, not only as it stood in the mid-1920s, but also as it had developed since the 1880s. It will also provide insight into the views of Germany’s occultists and parapsychologists, who argued that their legitimate bid for scientific credibility was hindered by Dunkelmänner [obscurantists] such as Albert Moll. PMID:23002297

A macro perspective for client-centred practice in curricula: Critique and teaching methods.

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Fleming-Castaldy, Rita P

2015-07-01

Client-centred practice is often eclipsed by social, economic, and political inequities. Ignoring these realities obstructs clients' goal attainment. The author advocates for the integration of a macro perspective inclusive of participation barriers and supports in occupational therapy curricula and seeks to motivate educators to adopt teaching approaches that develop students' abilities to address the complexities of client-centred practice. This article integrates a critical analysis of the literature on client-centred practice with reflexivity on disability studies and autoethnography. Educational standards require students to learn about the social, economic, and political contexts that impact on client-centred practice and the need for advocacy to enable participation. Theoretical support of a macro perspective for client-centred practice is strongly evident in the literature. Information on methods for teaching students how to actualize these concepts in practice is scant. Thus, strategies to inform the integration of a macro perspective into curricula and concrete activities to develop students' competencies for empowered client-centred practice are required. Educators have an ethical responsibility to critique their pedagogy to determine whether they are adequately preparing students for client-centred practice. The focus must move from teaching a micro perspective of client-centred practice to a macro perspective that enables occupational justice and empowerment.

INSTRUMENTS MEASURING PERCEIVED RACISM/RACIAL DISCRIMINATION: REVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF FACTOR ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES

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Atkins, Rahshida

2015-01-01

Several compendiums of instruments that measure perceived racism and/or discrimination are present in the literature. Other works have reviewed the psychometric properties of these instruments in terms of validity and reliability and have indicated if the instrument was factor analyzed. However, little attention has been given to the quality of the factor analysis performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exploratory factor analyses done on instruments measuring perceived racism/racial discrimination using guidelines from experts in psychometric theory. The techniques used for factor analysis were reviewed and critiqued and the adequacy of reporting was evaluated. Internet search engines and four electronic abstract databases were used to identify 16 relevant instruments that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Principal component analysis was the most frequent method of extraction (81%). Sample sizes were adequate for factor analysis in 81 percent of studies. The majority of studies reported appropriate criteria for the acceptance of un-rotated factors (81%) and justified the rotation method (75%). Exactly 94 percent of studies reported partially acceptable criteria for the acceptance of rotated factors. The majority of articles (69%) reported adequate coefficient alphas for the resultant subscales. In 81 percent of the studies, the conceptualized dimensions were supported by factor analysis. PMID:25626225

A critique of social marketing in the non-profit development sector

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L.M. Fourie

2009-07-01

Full Text Available In its struggle to find funding, non-profit organisations world-wide are increasingly using social marketing strategies. This approach potentially influences non governmental organisations (NGOs and community based organisations (CBOs in their communication with their “clients”, i.e. those persons and com-munities in need of development. Marketing strategies con-sequently become instruments in achieving social development, with as main premise that behaviour could be changed by means of persuasive, top-down communication. Social marketing, with its roots in marketing, has a strong focus on persuasion and favours top-down communication rather than dialogical communication strategies suggested by the par-ticipatory development communication approach. It is also questionable whether social marketing can be equated with the principles of a Biblically informed approach to communication. With these questions in mind, this article discusses Biblical views on communication and the participatory development communication approach. A critique of the social marketing approach is then offered. It is argued here that there is no clear-cut answer as to whether social marketing could be described as participatory. What is clear is that there are many different views on social marketing, as is the case with participatory approaches. It would thus seem more correct to place social marketing on a participation continuum, rather than to define it as being participatory and thus per definition ethical or not. Finally, a number of suggestions are made which could bring it more in line with the participatory communication approach as well as Biblical principles on com-munication.

Rapport. Sur le droit à l’appréciation critique et sur les restrictions légitimes de l’importunité de l'homosexualité

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Mikhaïl N. Kouznetsov

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Dans le présent Rapport on entend par la notion “homosexualité” sa plus large et spécifique signification en tant que “l’ideologie de l'homosexualisme”. SOMMAIRE: Introduction - 1. Argumentation du droit à l’évaluation critique de l'homosexualité et de ses aspects sociaux - 2. Caractère agressif de l'idéologie de l'homosexualisme - 3. Atteinte cruelle et inhumaine de lésions corporelles portée à l’individu, les dommages à sa santé dans la pratique de l'homosexualité ”masculine” - 4. Sur la manipulation par les chiffres - 5.  Mythe sur la discriminations massives des homosexuels - 6. Violation des Droits de l’Homme et insulte à la dignité humaine pendant les ”gay parades” - 7. Normes de la législation étrangère, émanant de la reconnaissance par l'État des méfaits sociaux de l'homosexualité - 8. Positions juridiques de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l'Homme ayant le point d’impact sur l’élaboration des solutions à propos des questions à discuter - 9. Contradiction à ”l’Ordre public” de la Fédération de Russie des exigences d'établir des régimes juridiques privilégiés pour les homosexuels et leurs groupements et de poursuivre pour toute critique de l'homosexualité – 10. Conclusions.

Bouquiniste de Yolem. Essai critique | Lukusa | Annales Aequatoria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Summary The study of the time in ";The bouquiniste"; shows a writer who has difficulties with the linguistical time. Instead, he developes through a banal story of a street child, a volontariste ideology which portrays a phaseur that becomes the boss of a café and renews thus with the adult age, with a mother whom could have ...

Comment on the critique of the paper 'ERP and management accounting changes of industrial enterprises in Serbia'

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Malinić Slobodan

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of the paper 'ERP and Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia' was to investigate one specific aspect of management accounting, precisely the changes of management accounting under the influence of modern information technologies. Therefore, our aim was neither to criticize nor to promote SAP (or some other ERP software. SAP is one of the best, most popular and most widely accepted ERP software in Serbia. That was the main reason for choosing SAP for our research. The main objective of this Comment is an attempt to point out the differences in expressed opinions, which are mainly the result of different ideas and aspects of the analysis and points of view of our paper. We consider the mentioned critique to be well-intentioned and useful, primarily for the authors of the paper, but also for the users of the results of our paper, as well as the reputation of the journal Industrija.

Staging Unincorporated Power: Richard Harding Davis and the Critique of Imperial News

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Nirmal Trivedi

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This essay contextualizes the work of war correspondent Richard Harding Davis within an evolving “imperial news apparatus” that would culminate in his reporting of the Spanish-American War. Critics have conventionally framed Davis squarely within the imperial cause, associating him with his admirer Roosevelt and naval admiral Alfred T. Mahan. Contrary to readings of Davis as an apologist for US imperialism, Trivedi contends that Davis understood how US imperial power relied on an information apparatus to communicate to an increasingly media-conscious American public through culture, that is, via familiar narratives, symbols, and objects—what Trivedi calls “imperial news.” The essay follows Davis’s development from his fictional representation of the new war correspondent in “The Reporter Who Made Himself King” to his own war correspondence before and after the Spanish-American War as collected in the memoirs A Year from a Reporter’s Notebook (1897, Cuba in War Time (1897, and Notes of a War Correspondent (1912. Davis’s war correspondence and fictional work effectively stage US imperialism as “unincorporated power”: that is, as power reliant on a developing news-making apparatus that deploys particular discursive strategies to validate its political claims. This staging critiques strategies of US imperial sovereignty—specifically its “privatization of knowledge” and its promotion of the war correspondent as nothing more than a spectator and purveyor of massacres.

Staging Unincorporated Power: Richard Harding Davis and the Critique of Imperial News

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Nirmal Trivedi

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This essay contextualizes the work of war correspondent Richard Harding Davis within an evolving “imperial news apparatus” that would culminate in his reporting of the Spanish-American War. Critics have conventionally framed Davis squarely within the imperial cause, associating him with his admirer Roosevelt and naval admiral Alfred T. Mahan. Contrary to readings of Davis as an apologist for US imperialism, Trivedi contends that Davis understood how US imperial power relied on an information apparatus to communicate to an increasingly media-conscious American public through culture, that is, via familiar narratives, symbols, and objects—what Trivedi calls “imperial news.” The essay follows Davis’s development from his fictional representation of the new war correspondent in “The Reporter Who Made Himself King” to his own war correspondence before and after the Spanish-American War as collected in the memoirs A Year from a Reporter’s Notebook (1897, Cuba in War Time (1897, and Notes of a War Correspondent (1912. Davis’s war correspondence and fictional work effectively stage US imperialism as “unincorporated power”: that is, as power reliant on a developing news-making apparatus that deploys particular discursive strategies to validate its political claims. This staging critiques strategies of US imperial sovereignty—specifically its “privatization of knowledge” and its promotion of the war correspondent as nothing more than a spectator and purveyor of massacres.

Why the Young Child Has Neither a Theory of Mind nor a Theory of Anything Else.

Science.gov (United States)

Gellatly, Angus

1997-01-01

Critiques the metaphor of child-as-theoretician. Argues that comparisons between the cognitive development of an individual and the historical development of a scientific theory are deeply misleading. Further argues that, although there are similarities between children's cognitive enculturation and adults' continuing education, individual…

Whose Is the Fallacy? A Rejoinder to Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky.

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Cohen, L. Jonathan

1980-01-01

Kahneman and Tversky's critique of Cohen's position on adults' probability reasoning is not valid. If they think Baconian logic is normatively unsound, the onus is on them to explain why. It is valid and useful because nature itself is full of causal processes. (Author/RD)

La lettre perdue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippe Dufour

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Durant un quart de siècle, de 1838 à 1865, de nombreux articles présentent dans la Revue des Deux Mondes les travaux des historiens des religions allemands. On s'attache ici aux historiens du christianisme, occupés à la critique littéraire et historique de la Bible. Trois grandes scansions rythment ce transfert culturel : la première autour du docteur Strauss et de sa lecture mythographique du christianisme, la deuxième autour de Baur et de l'école de Tübingen pratiquant la lecture historique, la troisième avec Ernst von Bunsen et sa lecture archéologique. Ces trois types de lecture sont autant d'atteintes à l'orthodoxie : Strauss vide les origines du christianisme de leur substrat historique ; Baur désacralise les Textes, humainement écrits, porteurs des dissensions entre pauliniens et chrétiens judaïsants ; Bunsen aryanise le christianisme en le coupant du judaïsme et en le rattachant à Zoroastre. Les lecteurs français se révèlent à la fois fascinés et effrayés par ce regard méthodique qui emporte le sens littéral des Textes.For a quarter of a century, from 1838 to 1865, numerous articles appeared in the Revue des Deux Mondes presenting the works of German historians of religion. We will focus on the historians of Christianity, concerned with literary and historical criticism of the Bible. Three major movements rhythm this cultural transfer: the first one was brought about by Doctor Strauss and his mythographic reading of Christianity, the second by Bauer and the Tübingen School and its historical reading, and the third by Ernst von Bunsen and his archeological reading. These three types of readings all attacked the orthodoxy: Strauss dismantled the historical foundations of the origins of Christianity. Baur desanctified the Texts, only written by humans and bearers of disagreements between Paulinians and Judaic Christians. Bunsen led Christianity towards Arianism by cutting it off from Judaism and linking it to

Diversité, nuisances et modes de gestion des termites (Isoptera ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ce travail présente la première liste des espèces de termites recensées, une revue de la littérature de leurs dégâts sur les essences botaniques et leurs modes de gestion dans les agrosystèmes au Sénégal entre 1966 et 2015. Elle a été faite sur la base d'une revue bibliographique existante et complétée par un récent ...

Building a New South Africa Volume 1 : Economic Policy | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un numéro spécial de la revue met en lumière les conclusions d'une étude financée par le CRDI sur le travail rémunéré des femmes. Policy in Focus publie un numéro spécial présentant des données probantes sur l'autonomisation des femmes sur le marché du travail. Voir davantageUn numéro spécial de la revue met en ...

Social Policy in a Global Society : Parallels and Lessons from the ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un numéro spécial de la revue met en lumière les conclusions d'une étude financée par le CRDI sur le travail rémunéré des femmes. Policy in Focus publie un numéro spécial présentant des données probantes sur l'autonomisation des femmes sur le marché du travail. Voir davantageUn numéro spécial de la revue met en ...

2523-IJBCS-Article-Cheikh Amet Bassirou Sane

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Ce travail présente la première liste des espèces de termites recensées, une revue de la littérature de leurs dégâts sur les essences botaniques et leurs modes de gestion dans les agrosystèmes au Sénégal entre 1966 et 2015. Elle a été faite sur la base d'une revue bibliographique existante et complétée par un récent ...

Un-thought out metaphysics in analytical psychology: a critique of Jung's epistemological basis for psychic reality.

Science.gov (United States)

Brooks, Robin McCoy

2011-09-01

The author investigates the relation of Kant, Schopenhauer and Heidegger to Jung's attempts to formulate theory regarding the epistemological conundrum of what can and what cannot be known and what must remain uncertain. Jung's ambivalent use and misuse of Kant's division of the world into phenomenal and noumenal realms is highlighted in discussion of concepts such as the psychoid archetype which he called 'esse in anima' and his use of Schopenhauer's concept of 'will' to justify a transcendence of the psyche/soma divide in a postulation of a 'psychoid' realm. Finally, the author describes Jung's reaction to Heidegger's theories via his assertion that Heidegger's 'pre-given world design' was an alternate formulation of his concept of the archetypes. An underlying theme of the paper is a critique of Jung's foundationalism which perpetuates the myth of an isolated mind. This model of understanding subjectivity is briefly contrasted with Heidegger's 'fundamental ontology' which focuses on a non-Cartesian 'understanding' of the 'presencing of being' in everyday social and historical contexts. © 2011, The Society of Analytical Psychology.

“Jeter à la face de son siècle le plus excessif outrage" La critique d'art de Joris-Karl Huysmans, une démarche décadente

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Aude Jeannerod

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Although Joris-Karl Huysmans is mostly known for his famous novel À Rebours (1884, his first steps as a writer were made in art criticism, with an article published in La Revue mensuelle about the landscape painters at the Exposition Universelle that took place in Paris in 1867. From then on, his work as an art critic often echoed his novels, expressing the same views on aesthetics and civilisation. This article discusses to what extent Huysmans's art criticism during the eighteen-eighties comes under the Decadence and an aesthetic of transgression, as well as À Rebours does. Indeed, the art critic promotes a renewal of French painting which would transgress all the prevailing policies. Furthermore, Huysmans himself breaks the laws in various ways: he violates aesthetic rules by blaming academism and standing up for independent painters; he oversteps moral boundaries asserting that art has nothing to do with morality; he infringes social standards by satirizing the bourgeoisie. On numerous occasions, Huysmans uses the transgressive power of humour to show his contempt for the constraints of tradition and his hatred toward his time.

Social science and linguistic text analysis of nurses' records: a systematic review and critique.

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Buus, Niels; Hamilton, Bridget Elizabeth

2016-03-01

The two aims of the paper were to systematically review and critique social science and linguistic text analyses of nursing records in order to inform future research in this emerging area of research. Systematic searches in reference databases and in citation indexes identified 12 articles that included analyses of the social and linguistic features of records and recording. Two reviewers extracted data using established criteria for the evaluation of qualitative research papers. A common characteristic of nursing records was the economical use of language with local meanings that conveyed little information to the uninitiated reader. Records were dominated by technocratic-medical discourse focused on patients' bodies, and they depicted only very limited aspects of nursing practice. Nurses made moral evaluations in their categorisation of patients, which reflected detailed surveillance of patients' disturbing behaviour. The text analysis methods were rarely transparent in the articles, which could suggest research quality problems. For most articles, the significance of the findings was substantiated more by theoretical readings of the institutional settings than by the analysis of textual data. More probing empirical research of nurses' records and a wider range of theoretical perspectives has the potential to expose the situated meanings of nursing work in healthcare organisations. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A critique of the US Surgeon General's conclusions regarding e-cigarette use among youth and young adults in the United States of America.

Science.gov (United States)

Polosa, Riccardo; Russell, Christopher; Nitzkin, Joel; Farsalinos, Konstantinos E

2017-09-06

In December 2016, the Surgeon General published a report that concluded e-cigarette use among youth and young adults is becoming a major public health concern in the United States of America. Re-analysis of key data sources on nicotine toxicity and prevalence of youth use of e-cigarettes cited in the Surgeon General report as the basis for its conclusions. Multiple years of nationally representative surveys indicate the majority of e-cigarette use among US youth is either infrequent or experimental, and negligible among never-smoking youth. The majority of the very small proportion of US youth who use e-cigarettes on a regular basis, consume nicotine-free products. The sharpest declines in US youth smoking rates have occurred as e-cigarettes have become increasingly available. Most of the evidence presented in the Surgeon General's discussion of nicotine harm is not applicable to e-cigarette use, because it relies almost exclusively on exposure to nicotine in the cigarette smoke and not to nicotine present in e-cigarette aerosol emissions. Moreover, the referenced literature describes effects in adults, not youth, and in animal models that have little relevance to real-world e-cigarette use by youth. The Surgeon General's report is an excellent reference document for the adverse outcomes due to nicotine in combination with several other toxicants present in tobacco smoke, but fails to address the risks of nicotine decoupled from tobacco smoke constituents. The report exaggerates the toxicity of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) by focusing on experimental conditions that do not reflect use in the real-world and provides little discussion of emerging evidence that e-cigarettes may significantly reduce harm to smokers who have completely switched. The U.S. Surgeon General's claim that e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults is an emerging public health concern does not appear to be supported by the best available evidence on the health risks

Age, interpersonal attraction, and social interaction. A review and assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Webb, L; Delaney, J J; Young, L R

1989-03-01

This essay reviews over 40 extant research reports on attraction and aging. The review indicated that (a) perceived agreement in attitude tends to neutralize young adults' general perception of older adults as unattractive, (b) elders prefer to associate with middle-aged and older adults more than they desire to associate with younger adults, regardless of the relative physical attraction of the target individuals, and (c) elders' marital satisfaction appears to be related to perceived physical attractiveness of the husband, not the wife. The authors provide critique and analysis of the research methods employed in the reviewed studies. Avenues for further research are identified.

Un idilio efímero o de cómo el influjo de la teoría renovó la crítica cinematográfica española en los años 70 / An Ephemeral Idyll Or How the Theory’s Influence Modernized the Spanish Film Critique in the Early 70´s

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Asier Aranzubia

2016-08-01

Full Text Available A principios de los 70 la crítica de cine española se hace eco de un fenómeno que ha recorrido el continente europeo a lo largo de la década anterior. Por primera vez en sus más de sesenta años de historia, la crítica cinematográfica española va a empezar a fundamentar su discurso en algo menos vaporoso e inconsistente que los gustos y las opiniones del crítico de turno. La llamada «teorización de la crítica» va a servir para insuflar cierto rigor científico a un discurso tradicionalmente dominado por el impresionismo y los juicios de valor. Los encargados de introducir en el panorama crítico español esta nueva manera de escribir sobre cine serán un grupo de críticos jóvenes a los que enseguida se conocerá como el Nuevo Frente Crítico. Las primeras manifestaciones de esta nueva manera de hacer crítica se detectan en las secciones de cine de varios semanarios de información general y economía (Destino, Posible, Cambio 16, Doblón, Ciudadano, etc. y casi todas ellas llevan la firma de dos colectivos críticos con un marcado perfil militante: Marta Hernández y F. Creixells. Tras la prematura disolución de los colectivos (allá por el año 1976, el proyecto del Nuevo Frente Crítico tendrá continuidad en las páginas de las tres revistas cinematográficas más interesantes de la Transición: FilmGuía, La Mirada y Contracampo. En ellas se concentrará a la postre la parte más sustanciosa de un proyecto de intervención crítica en el que la beligerancia política se da la mano con el rigor teórico y analítico pero que, desgraciadamente, no tendrá descendencia en el ámbito de las revistas especializadas españolas.Palabras clave: crítica, teoría, análisis, colectivos, revistas, Nuevo Frente Crítico, semiótica, ideología, marxismo, Transición.AbstractIn the early 70´s, Spanish film critique begins to incorporate the same style that a decade before was a popular trend across the European continent. For the first

Becoming independent through au pair migration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalgas, Karina Märcher

2015-01-01

. This article argues that, despite this critique, au pairing does play an important formative role for young Filipinas because it opens up for experiences abroad that enable them to be recognised as independent adults in Philippine society. Rather than autonomy, however, au pairs define their independence...

Odborný zájem o menšiny na počátku 20. století a menšinové muzeum v Praze

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sulitka, Andrej

-, č. 1 (2014), s. 225-237 ISSN 0323-0619 Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : Czech minority trade unions in the early 20th century * Czech-German coexistence * Czech minorities in border areas * professional interest in minorities * the emergence of Minority Museum in Prague 1909 * The activities of the Museum * Private population census * questionnaire survey * publishing activity * Minority revue (1912-1913)/Menšinová revue (1912-1913) * Minority proceedings (1914)/Sborník menšinový (1914) Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Kolb's Experiential Learning Model: Critique from a Modeling Perspective

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Bergsteiner, Harald; Avery, Gayle C.; Neumann, Ruth

2010-01-01

Kolb's experiential learning theory has been widely influential in adult learning. The theory and associated instruments continue to be criticized, but rarely is the graphical model itself examined. This is significant because models can aid scientific understanding and progress, as well as theory development and research. Applying accepted…

Sociologie du travail et critique du temps industriel The Sociology of Labor and a critical vision of industrial Time

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Jens Thoemmes

2009-07-01

Full Text Available La sociologie du travail a développé un point de vue particulier sur l'analyse des temporalités sociales. L'objectif de cet article est de montrer l'élaboration progressive d'une critique d'un temps industriel unique et unifiant. Cette critique s'appuie sur trois éléments : la multiplicité des temporalités de l’activité professionnelle, le caractère déstructurant du travail industriel et l'émergence d'un temps des loisirs. Ce point de vue a été élaboré par la sociologie du travail en France après 1945, notamment par Georges Friedmann, Pierre Naville et William Grossin.  Avant d’aborder cette période nous voudrions  interroger le moment de la fondation de la sociologie. En mobilisant des travaux peu connus de Max Weber sur le travail, nous verrons en quoi il est un précurseur de l’analyse des attitudes diversifiées des individus et des collectifs à l’égard du temps. Cette perspective lie, dès les premières enquêtes sociologiques, le travail industriel à une interrogation sur les temporalités.The sociology of work and labor developed a particular viewpoint on the analysis of social times. The objective of this article is to show how a criticism of a unique and unifying industrial time progressively grew up. Such criticism leans on three elements: the multiplicity of social times linked to the occupational activity, the disintegrating nature of work in the manufacturing process and the emergence of leisure-time. This point of view was elaborated by the sociology of work in France after 1945, notably by Georges Friedmann, Pierre Naville and William Grossin. Before approaching this period we question the moment of the foundation of sociology. By mobilizing little known research by Max Weber on the manufacturing process, we shall see in what way he was a precursor of the analysis of diversified attitudes regarding time by individuals and groups.

Protect and Survive: "Whiteness" and the Middle-Class Family in Civil Defence Pedagogies

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Preston, John

2008-01-01

"Civil defence pedagogies" normalise continuous emergency through educational channels such as school, community and adult education. Using critical whiteness studies, and critiques of white supremacy from critical race theory, as a conceptual base, the protection of whiteness, and particularly the white middle-class family, is considered to be…

Social Capital Theory: Implications for Women's Networking and Learning

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Alfred, Mary V.

2009-01-01

This chapter describes social capital theory as a framework for exploring women's networking and social capital resources. It presents the foundational assumptions of the theory, the benefits and risks of social capital engagement, a feminist critique of social capital, and the role of social capital in adult learning.

Transformative Learning Challenges in a Context of Trauma and Fear: An Educator's Story

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John, Vaughn M.

2016-01-01

After more than three decades of development, transformative learning theory is currently a major theory of adult learning. It has also attracted substantial critique, leading to further development, application and differentiation. Recent contributions to this vast scholarship show a quest for a more unified theory. This article examines…

La cryomicroélectronique

Science.gov (United States)

Kamarinos, Georges

1991-02-01

The Integrated Circuits and the microelectronics devices working in temperatures lower than 100 K are studied by cryomicroelectronics. In this short review paper the development of this new branch of microelectronics is described. Particularly the advantages and the drawbacks of the cooling of integrated circuits and devices are listed. Then the current research axis are given. They correspond to two different approaches ; the " classic " one which is based to the materials used in the present VLSI technology and the innovative way which aims at using new HT_c superconductors. L'objet de la cryomicroélectronique est l'étude des Circuits Intégrés et des composants microélectroniques à des températures inférieures à 100 K. Cet article de revue décrit très brièvement l'état d'avancement des connaissances relatives aux avantages et aux inconvénients des composants et Circuits Intégrés au Silicium fonctionnant à basse température. Ensuite on expose les axes de recherche actuels ; ils sont relatifs à deux approches : l'une, classique, est basée sur les matériaux utilisés actuellement dans la technologie de l'intégration à grande échelle; l'autre, novatrice, vise à utiliser les matériaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique.

Semiclassical methods in solid state physics : two examples

Science.gov (United States)

Bellissard, Jean; Barelli, Armelle

1993-02-01

We present here a review of two problems motivated by 2D models for high T, superconductivity. The first part concerns the energy spectrum of 2D Bloch electrons in a uniform magnetic field. A semiclassical analysis provides a qualitative as well as a quantitative understanding of this spectrum. In the second part we make the case for the application of “Quantum Chaos" to strongly correlated fermion systems. It is illustrated by the level spacing distribution for the t - J model in two dimensions. Ce travail est une revue de deux problèmes motivés par l'étude des modèles bidimensionnels pour la supraconductivité à haute température critique. La première partie concerne l'étude du spectre d'énergie pour des électrons de Bloch bidimensionnels soumis à un champ magnétique uniforme. Une analyse semi-classique permet d'en comprendre les propriétés qualitatives et quantitatives. La deuxième partie est un plaidoyer pour l'utilisation des méthodes du “Chaos Quantique" dans l'étude des systèmes de fermions fortement corrélés. La distribution des écarts de niveaux d'un modèle t - J en deux dimensions, en fournit une illustration.

A critique of the US Surgeon General?s conclusions regarding e-cigarette use among youth and young adults in the United States of America

OpenAIRE

Polosa, Riccardo; Russell, Christopher; Nitzkin, Joel; Farsalinos, Konstantinos E.

2017-01-01

Background In December 2016, the Surgeon General published a report that concluded e-cigarette use among youth and young adults is becoming a major public health concern in the United States of America. Methods Re-analysis of key data sources on nicotine toxicity and prevalence of youth use of e-cigarettes cited in the Surgeon General report as the basis for its conclusions. Results Multiple years of nationally representative surveys indicate the majority of e-cigarette use among US youth is ...

Recherches en didactique des mathématiques Volume 29/2 - 2009

OpenAIRE

Dorier, Jean-Luc; Robert, Aline

2009-01-01

La revue Recherches en didactique des mathématiques entend rendre compte des recherches fondamentales menées dans le cadre de la Didactique des Mathématiques. Il s’agit d’une revue de recherche qui publie des articles originaux concernant : - la détermination des faits pertinents de la communication didactique ; - l’analyse de situations d’enseignement créées par les professeurs ou proposées par l’expérimentateur ; - l’analyse des conduites et productions des élèves au cours d’un apprentissag...

American Studies Association — Crossroads of Cultures, Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 11-14, 2004

OpenAIRE

Pothier, Jacques

2006-01-01

Dans le cadre de son congrès annuel et à l’initiative de sa présidente en exercice, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, l’American Studies Association avait lancé une International Initiative : inviter les représentants de toutes les associations d’études américaines du monde. Parallèlement, American Quarterly, la revue de l’Association, invitait les directeurs des rédactions des revues américanistes.Je représentais donc l’AFEA, la RFEA et Transatlantica.Qu’est-ce que l’American Studies Association ?Le C...

"RU486: Misconceptions, myths and morals." A critique of the criticisms.

Science.gov (United States)

Cottingham, J; Van Look, P

1993-01-01

This article was written to counter some of the misinformation contained in the book "RU486: Misconceptions, Myths and Morals." The book concludes that use of RU486 constitutes yet another form of medical violence against women which will have unknown longterm effects. One of the major goals of the women's health movement is to disseminate information about women's health through information networks which also expose abusive reproductive health practices. Critiques about new products and procedures are important because what is considered clinically safe may pose problems for women in practice. While the book on RU486 is important from this viewpoint, it lacks careful scrutiny of its criticisms. Thus, the book suggests that animal testing has been inadequate at 17 months when, in fact, this time frame meets all standards for a single dose drug. The authors also mislabel the exclusion criterion for experimental trials as "contraindications" for use and claim that this incorrectly inflated number of contraindications prohibits the use of RU-486 as a viable alternative to other methods of abortion. In several instances the authors present inaccurate information about the pharmacodynamics and dosages of the drugs involved. The use of prostaglandins is also unjustly criticized by drawing comparisons with other uses of the prostaglandins which involve different doses and delivery periods. The authors act irresponsibly when they suggest that incomplete abortion with Ru-486 may result in uterine cancer or that the simultaneous use of aspirin will result in an almost guaranteed incomplete abortion. Additional ill-founded remarks overemphasize the failure rate, demand unrealistic guarantees about fetal abnormality, and charge that the World Health Organization has "discarded" suction curettage abortion. The book grew out of valid concerns and raises important questions about the best ways to serve women's interests, but these concerns and questions are obfuscated by

'Communicative competence' in the field of augmentative and alternative communication: a review and critique.

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Teachman, Gail; Gibson, Barbara E

2014-01-01

Understandings of 'communicative competency' (CC) have an important influence on the ways that researchers and practitioners in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) work toward achieving positive outcomes with AAC users. Yet, very little literature has critically examined conceptualizations of CC in AAC. Following an overview of the emergence of the concept of CC and of the field of AAC, we review seven conceptualizations of CC identified in the literature. To consider the contributions and potential shortcomings of conceptualizations of CC in AAC. We use a critical theoretical approach to review, critique and synthesize conceptualizations of CC in AAC, with a particular focus on uncovering 'taken for granted' assumptions. By historically situating the reviewed literature, we examine the shifting boundaries and tensions among theoretical conceptualizations of CC in AAC and their potential impacts on practice. We suggest ways that revisiting past scholarly work, alongside emergent, innovative conceptualizations of CC might shift ways of thinking about CC in AAC which tend to focus on the individual who communicates differently, toward (re)location of CC as a shared, socially incorporated and performed communication construct. We propose that emerging critical perspectives drawn from AAC and other interdisciplinary literatures offer innovative ways of theorizing communication difference, which might inform evolving conceptualizations of CC in AAC. © 2013 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

Early-Life Obesity Prevention: Critique of Intervention Trials During the First One Thousand Days.

Science.gov (United States)

Reilly, John J; Martin, Anne; Hughes, Adrienne R

2017-06-01

To critique the evidence from recent and ongoing obesity prevention interventions in the first 1000 days in order to identify evidence gaps and weaknesses, and to make suggestions for more informative future intervention trials. Completed and ongoing intervention trials have had fairly modest effects, have been limited largely to high-income countries, and have used relatively short-term interventions and outcomes. Comparison of the evidence from completed prevention trials with the evidence from systematic reviews of behavioral risk factors shows that some life-course stages have been neglected (pre-conception and toddlerhood), and that interventions have neglected to target some important behavioral risk factors (maternal smoking during pregnancy, infant and child sleep). Finally, while obesity prevention interventions aim to modify body composition, few intervention trials have used body composition measures as outcomes, and this has limited their sensitivity to detect intervention effects. The new WHO Healthy Lifestyles Trajectory (HeLTI) initiative should address some of these weaknesses. Future early obesity prevention trials should be much more ambitious. They should, ideally: extend their interventions over the first 1000 days; have longer-term (childhood) outcomes, and improved outcome measures (body composition measures in addition to proxies for body composition such as the BMI for age); have greater emphasis on maternal smoking and child sleep; be global.

The Special Goods of Childhood: Lessons from Social Constructionism

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Giesinger, Johannes

2017-01-01

To what extent does the common claim that childhood is "socially constructed" affect the ethical debate on the "intrinsic" and "special" goods of childhood? Philosophers have referred to this kind of goods in their critique of overly adult-centred and future-oriented conceptions of childhood. The view that some goods…

Adolescent Work Experiences and Family Formation Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Staff, Jeremy; VanEseltine, Matthew; Woolnough, April; Silver, Eric; Burrington, Lori

2012-01-01

A long-standing critique of adolescent employment is that it engenders a precocious maturity of more adult-like roles and behaviors, including school disengagement, substance use, sexual activity, inadequate sleep and exercise, and work-related stress. Though negative effects of high-intensity work on adolescent adjustment have been found, little…

The ethics of interrogation and the American Psychological Association: A critique of policy and process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davis Martha

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract The Psychological Ethics and National Security (PENS task force was assembled by the American Psychological Association (APA to guide policy on the role of psychologists in interrogations at foreign detention centers for the purpose of U.S. national security. The task force met briefly in 2005, and its report was quickly accepted by the APA Board of Directors and deemed consistent with the APA Ethics Code by the APA Ethics Committee. This rapid acceptance was unusual for a number of reasons but primarily because of the APA's long-standing tradition of taking great care in developing ethical policies that protected anyone who might be impacted by the work of psychologists. Many psychological and non-governmental organizations (NGOs, as well as reputable journalists, believed the risk of harm associated with psychologist participation in interrogations at these detention centers was not adequately addressed by the report. The present critique analyzes the assumptions of the PENS report and its interpretations of the APA Ethics Code. We demonstrate that it presents only one (and not particularly representative side of a complex set of ethical issues. We conclude with a discussion of more appropriate psychological contributions to national security and world peace that better respect and preserve human rights.

A critique of the regulation of data science in healthcare research in the European Union.

Science.gov (United States)

Rumbold, John M M; Pierscionek, Barbara K

2017-04-08

The EU offers a suitable milieu for the comparison and harmonisation of healthcare across different languages, cultures, and jurisdictions (albeit with a supranational legal framework), which could provide improvements in healthcare standards across the bloc. There are specific ethico-legal issues with the use of data in healthcare research that mandate a different approach from other forms of research. The use of healthcare data over a long period of time is similar to the use of tissue in biobanks. There is a low risk to subjects but it is impossible to gain specific informed consent given the future possibilities for research. Large amounts of data on a subject present a finite risk of re-identification. Consequently, there is a balancing act between this risk and retaining sufficient utility of the data. Anonymising methods need to take into account the circumstances of data sharing to enable an appropriate balance in all cases. There are ethical and policy advantages to exceeding the legal requirements and thereby securing the social licence for research. This process would require the examination and comparison of data protection laws across the trading bloc to produce an ethico-legal framework compatible with the requirements of all member states. Seven EU jurisdictions are given consideration in this critique.

The ethics of interrogation and the American Psychological Association: a critique of policy and process.

Science.gov (United States)

Olson, Brad; Soldz, Stephen; Davis, Martha

2008-01-29

The Psychological Ethics and National Security (PENS) task force was assembled by the American Psychological Association (APA) to guide policy on the role of psychologists in interrogations at foreign detention centers for the purpose of U.S. national security. The task force met briefly in 2005, and its report was quickly accepted by the APA Board of Directors and deemed consistent with the APA Ethics Code by the APA Ethics Committee. This rapid acceptance was unusual for a number of reasons but primarily because of the APA's long-standing tradition of taking great care in developing ethical policies that protected anyone who might be impacted by the work of psychologists. Many psychological and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as well as reputable journalists, believed the risk of harm associated with psychologist participation in interrogations at these detention centers was not adequately addressed by the report. The present critique analyzes the assumptions of the PENS report and its interpretations of the APA Ethics Code. We demonstrate that it presents only one (and not particularly representative) side of a complex set of ethical issues. We conclude with a discussion of more appropriate psychological contributions to national security and world peace that better respect and preserve human rights.

Les tumeurs neuro ectodermiques périphériques primitives de localisation thoracique (tumeur d'Askin) chez l'adulte jeune : à propos de deux observations, revue de la littérature

OpenAIRE

Brugger , Catherine

2003-01-01

Non disponible / Not available; La tumeur d'Askin appartient à la famille des tumeurs neuro ectodermiques périphériques primitives. De localisation thoracique, elle est décrite initialement chez l'enfant, sa survenue chez l'adulte jeune demeure exceptionnelle. Elle est définie comme une tumeur maligne à petites cellules rondes exprimant le gène MIC2 et présentant une translocation chromosomique t(11,22) spécifique. Ses aspects cliniques et radiologiques ne sont pas spécifiques. L'évolution à ...

A conversation of a bookseller and a poet: А. Pluchart’s “Theater almanac” within the context of the early 19th c. theater critique

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Ю. Ю. Полякова

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The article gives a general description of the “Theater Almanac” (1830, published by A. Pluchart, in comparison with other literary almanacs of the first third of the 19th century. Having analyzed the anonymous introductory note to the almanac, as well as A. Delvig’s critical review, the author brings forward a hypothesis that the note may have been written by A. Pluchart himself, or by R.M. Zotov, a writer of that period. The article also contains an assessment of the introductory note to the “Theater Almanac” as a source for studying the history of theater and theater critique in Russia.

Stealing land in the name of religion: A Rastafari religio-political critique of land theft by global imperial forces

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Roderick Hewitt

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The issue of land has been central to Rastafari origins and ideological construct. Ethiopia, Africa, Babylon, Zion and Jamaica are symbols that point not only to physical location but also their ideological and psychological identity formation. This article uses Rastafari hermeneutics to critique the phenomenon of African Jamaican uprooting and dispossession of and from their land by powerful and global conglomerate forces that use the instrument of politics, economic and religion to accomplish their agenda. This article uses the Rastafari theological reflections, a theoretical framework that employs the phenomenon of faith, tradition and experience to interrogate the phenomenon of displacement of people through land theft. The religio-political narrative of Jamar Rolando McNaughton Jr, a young Jamaican reggae artist popularly known by his stage name Chronixx, will serve as the principal lens through which to interrogate the phenomenon of landlessness among the poor, primarily within the Jamaican context.

Are Female Applicants Disadvantaged in National Institutes of Health Peer Review? Combining Algorithmic Text Mining and Qualitative Methods to Detect Evaluative Differences in R01 Reviewers' Critiques.

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Magua, Wairimu; Zhu, Xiaojin; Bhattacharya, Anupama; Filut, Amarette; Potvien, Aaron; Leatherberry, Renee; Lee, You-Geon; Jens, Madeline; Malikireddy, Dastagiri; Carnes, Molly; Kaatz, Anna

2017-05-01

Women are less successful than men in renewing R01 grants from the National Institutes of Health. Continuing to probe text mining as a tool to identify gender bias in peer review, we used algorithmic text mining and qualitative analysis to examine a sample of critiques from men's and women's R01 renewal applications previously analyzed by counting and comparing word categories. We analyzed 241 critiques from 79 Summary Statements for 51 R01 renewals awarded to 45 investigators (64% male, 89% white, 80% PhD) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison between 2010 and 2014. We used latent Dirichlet allocation to discover evaluative "topics" (i.e., words that co-occur with high probability). We then qualitatively examined the context in which evaluative words occurred for male and female investigators. We also examined sex differences in assigned scores controlling for investigator productivity. Text analysis results showed that male investigators were described as "leaders" and "pioneers" in their "fields," with "highly innovative" and "highly significant research." By comparison, female investigators were characterized as having "expertise" and working in "excellent" environments. Applications from men received significantly better priority, approach, and significance scores, which could not be accounted for by differences in productivity. Results confirm our previous analyses suggesting that gender stereotypes operate in R01 grant peer review. Reviewers may more easily view male than female investigators as scientific leaders with significant and innovative research, and score their applications more competitively. Such implicit bias may contribute to sex differences in award rates for R01 renewals.

Guidelines for Teaching Cross-Cultural Clinical Ethics: Critiquing Ideology and Confronting Power in the Service of a Principles-Based Pedagogy.

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Brunger, Fern

2016-03-01

This paper presents a pedagogical framework for teaching cross-cultural clinical ethics. The approach, offered at the intersection of anthropology and bioethics, is innovative in that it takes on the "social sciences versus bioethics" debate that has been ongoing in North America for three decades. The argument is made that this debate is flawed on both sides and, moreover, that the application of cross-cultural thinking to clinical ethics requires using the tools of the social sciences (such as the critique of the universality of the Euro-American construct of "autonomy") within (rather than in opposition to) a principles-based framework for clinical ethics. This paper introduces the curriculum and provides guidelines for how to teach cross-cultural clinical ethics. The learning points that are introduced emphasize culture in its relation to power and underscore the importance of viewing both biomedicine and bioethics as culturally constructed.

A Critique on the Effectiveness of Current Human Reliability Analysis Approach for the Human-Machine Interface Design in Nuclear Power Plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Yong Hee

2010-01-01

Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) in cooperation of PSA has been conducted to evaluate the safety of a system and the validity of a system design. HRA has been believed to provide a quantitative value of human error potential and the safety level of a design alternative in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). However, it becomes doubtful that current HRA is worth to conduct to evaluate the human factors of NPP design, since there have been many critiques upon the virtue of HRA. Inevitably, the newer the technology becomes, the larger endeavors bound for the new facilitated methods. This paper describes the limitations and the obsolescence of the current HRA, especially for the design evaluation of Human-Machine Interface (HMI) utilizing the recent digital technologies. An alternative approach to the assessment of the human error potential of HMI design is proposed

revue bibliographique des représentations analytiques de coefficients d'activité ioniques moyens dans les solutions binaires électrolytiques Bibliographic Review of Analytic Equations of Mean Lonic Activity Coefficients in Electrolytic Binary Solutions

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Cruz J. -L.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Le calcul de certaines propriétés à l'équilibre, de systèmes électrolytiques, nécessite la connaissance des coefficients d'activité en phase liquide des constituants de ces systèmes. L'estimation du coefficient d'activité ionique moyen de l'électrolyte permet, pour des systèmes binaires, de calculer ces coefficients d'activité. Dans cette revue bibliographique sont présentées les principales expressions analytiques, de coefficients d'activité ioniques moyens, fournies par la littérature. II est possible de classer ces expressions en plusieurs grandes catégories en fonction des modèles dont elles dérivent. Des critères de choix, de l'une ou l'autre de ces équations, sont proposés suivant le type de système électrolytique et le domaine de concentration étudiés. Liquid-phase activity coefficients must be known in order to calculate various equilibrium properties of electrolytic systems. For binary systems, these coefficients can be calculated by estimating the mean ionic activity coefficient of the electrolyte. This bibliographic review describes the principal analytic equations for mean ionic activity coefficients found in the literature. These equations can be classified in several major categories according to the theoretical model from which they are derived. Some criteria are proposed for choosing one or another of these equations on the basis of the type of electrolytic system and the concentration range studied.

S. T. Coleridge, Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit (1840: Its Place in the History of Biblical Criticism Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit (1840 de S. T. Coleridge : sa place dans l’histoire de la critique biblique

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David Jasper

2009-09-01

Full Text Available L’ouvrage posthume de S. T. Coleridge, Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, est trop rarement perçu comme un texte capital dans l’histoire de la critique biblique. S’inscrivant dans la tradition allemande, celle de Lessing en particulier, il présente pourtant une herméneutique critique qui reconnaît l’autorité de la Bible tout en évitant la doctrine de l’inspiration plénière et les dangers de ce que Coleridge appelle la « bibliolâtrie ». Un lien étroit est établi entre la littérature de la Bible et l’œuvre de Shakespeare, lien selon lequel les Écritures révèlent la nature de Dieu et les vérités de la foi chrétienne. Le retentissement des Confessions ne se fit pas ressentir de manière immédiate, mais l’ouvrage est le précurseur de nombreux travaux bien ultérieurs dans le domaine de la critique biblique, dont l’essai de Benjamin Jowett dans Essays and Reviews (1860. Coleridge définit une herméneutique résolument moderne qui définit la Bible comme le Verbe de Dieu mais qui considère aussi « le chariot vivant qui porte (pour nous le trône de l’Humanité Divine ». Dans ses Confessions, Coleridge confirme que les Écritures sont à la fois une grande œuvre littéraire, et, par là-même, un ouvrage théologique sur la révélation religieuse.

Successful aging and its discontents: a systematic review of the social gerontology literature.

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Martinson, Marty; Berridge, Clara

2015-02-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the range of critiques of successful aging models and the suggestions for improvement as expressed in the social gerontology literature. We conducted a systematic literature review using the following criteria: journal articles retrieved in the Abstracts in Social Gerontology, published 1987-2013, successful aging/ageing in the title or text (n = 453), a critique of successful aging models as a key component of the article. Sixty-seven articles met the criteria. Qualitative methods were used to identify key themes and inductively configure meanings across the range of critiques. The critiques and remedies fell into 4 categories. The Add and Stir group suggested a multidimensional expansion of successful aging criteria and offered an array of additions. The Missing Voices group advocated for adding older adults' subjective meanings of successful aging to established objective measures. The Hard Hitting Critiques group called for more just and inclusive frameworks that embrace diversity, avoid stigma and discrimination, and intervene at structural contexts of aging. The New Frames and Names group presented alternative ideal models often grounded in Eastern philosophies. The vast array of criteria that gerontologists collectively offered to expand Rowe and Kahn's original successful model is symptomatic of the problem that a normative model is by definition exclusionary. Greater reflexivity about gerontology's use of "successful aging" and other normative models is needed. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.