Trabajo en turnos, privación de sueño y sus consecuencias clínicas y médicolegales

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Serra M. Leonardo, Dr.

2013-01-01

El trabajo en turnos es una realidad frecuente y produce consecuencias negativas para una proporción significativa de quienes lo ejercen. Estas efectos son en base a dos mecanismos fundamentales: el desfase de los ritmos biológicos (tanto con el medio externo, como una desincronía interna) y por privación de sueño. Las consecuencias en salud asociadas se dan con mayor intensidad en turnos rotativos y nocturnos, e incluyen enfermedad coronaria, cerebrovascular, depresión, síndrome metabólico, ...

Adaptaciones curricularespara alumnos con baja visión e invidentes

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Antonio RODRÍGUEZ FUENTES

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El propósito del artículo es describir algunas adaptaciones curriculares de contexto, centro, aula e individuales para favorecer la integración de alumnos con baja visión e invidentes en el marco de una Escuela Inclusiva. Consciente de que la precisión disminuye en función de la jerarquía establecida: contexto, centro, aula y adaptaciones individuales (como no podía ser de otra manera dado que en ese orden aumenta el grado de singularidad y heterogeneidad de la población analizada; en definitiva, las necesidades educativas especiales se hacen más individuales y demandan una completa y compleja evaluación psicopedagógica, se presentan algunas pautas más o menos genéricas que pueden resultar útiles para la realización de la evaluación psicopedagógica, primero, y, segundo, para la determinación de propuestas de intervención escolares (adaptaciones.ABSTRACT: This paper is aimed to describe, in the framework of inclusive school, some curricular adaptation related both to context (school and classroom level and to pupil with low-vision or blindness. Been aware of needed herarchy in adapting curriculum top-down so that special educational needs become more and more individualized, some guidelines are displayed related to psychoeducational assessment and intervention in school context.RÉSUMÉ: Le but de l'article est de décrire certaines adaptations curriculaires de contexte, de centre, salle de classe et individuelles pour favoriser l'intégration d'étudiants malvoyant et aveugles dans le cadre d'une École Incluse. Conscient que la précision diminue en fonction de la hiérarchie établie: le contexte, le centre, la salle de classe et les adaptations individuelles (car elle ne pourrait pas être autre puisque dans cet ordre il augmente le degré de singularité et d'hétérogénéité de la population analysée; par conséquent, les nécessités éducatives spéciales sont rendues plus individuelles et exigent une �

Videojuego de rol táctico de estética retro basado en combates por turnos

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García García, Juan de la Cruz

2010-01-01

Videojuego de rol basado en combates por turnos con estética retro, de nombre comercial TierraCuadrada, donde el jugador podrá llevar a cabo partidas en modo historia, involucrando combates con la Inteligencia Artificial, y partidas contra rivales humanos.

Efecto de la implantación de turnos de enfermería «a demanda» sobre las horas de absentismo Effect of the introduction of "on demand" nursing shifts on hours of absenteeism

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Joaquín Jesús Blanca Gutiérrez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta experiencia es estudiar la influencia en el absentismo del personal de enfermería de un nuevo sistema de turnos rotatorios, con la novedad de que tanto la distribución horaria como la planificación y la adjudicación de los turnos se ha hecho según las demandas del propio personal. El lugar de realización ha sido el Hospital Infanta Margarita, de Cabra (Córdoba, España, y la implementación de los nuevos turnos fue durante el primer trimestre de 2011. De un total de 5551 horas absolutas de ausencia por semestre, se ha pasado a 3289 horas. La implantación de este nuevo sistema de turnos «a demanda» parece haber conseguido una reducción notable en el número de horas de ausencia del trabajo. Se trata de una estrategia para tratar de conciliar al máximo la jornada laboral con la vida personal y familiar.The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the introduction of a new system of rotating shifts on nursing absenteeism. The novelty of this system is that both the time distribution and the planning and allocation of shifts is carried out according to the wishes of the participating nurses. This study was performed in the Infanta Margarita Hospital (Cordoba, Spain and the new shift system was introduced in the first quarter of 2011. The total number of absolute hours of absence decreased from 5551 to 3289 per semester. The implementation of this new "on demand" shift system seems to have significantly reduced hours of absence. This strategy aims to reconcile nurses´ working hours with their personal and family lives.

Análise das funções cognitivas e sono na equipe de enfermagem nos turnos diurno e noturno Análisis de la función cognitiva y el sueño en el equipo de enfermería en los turnos de el día y nocturno Analysis of cognitive function and sleep of nursing staff on different shift work

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Beatriz de Oliveira

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a memória de curto prazo, a atenção e o padrão do sono na equipe de enfermagem nos turnos diurno e noturno. Participaram 109 sujeitos de uma instituição hospitalar de Minas Gerais, distribuídos nos turnos: diurno (n= 68 e noturno (n=41. Utilizou-se, para coleta de dados: Diário de sono e Testes da Bateria WAIS III. Os resultados para a medida da qualidade do sono dos sujeitos do turno noturno apresentou diferença significativa (pEste estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los estándares de memoria a corto plazo, la atención y su sueño personal de enfermería en los turnos. Los participantes del estudio fueron 109 pacientes de un hospital, en Minas Gerais, distribuidos en el turno de día (n = 68 y turno de noche (n = 41. La recolección de datos se realizó a través del diario del sueño y de la batería de prueba WAIS III. Los resultados muestran que existe una diferencia significativa en la calidad del sueño del trabajo en turnos de noche (p The aim of this study was to analyze short-term memory, attention and sleep patterns of the nursing staff working night and day shifts. Study participants were 109 subjects in a hospital in Minas Gerais working on the day shift (n = 68 or night shift (n = 41. Data collection was performed using the Sleep Diary and WAIS-III Test Battery. The results showed a significant difference for the quality of sleep of those on night shift work (p <0.0001; ANOVA. The subjects on the day shifts performed better on the Digit Symbol with a significant difference (p = 0.0008; Mann-Whitney test. In conclusion, the quality of sleep of the group on the night shift showed lower averages compared with those on the day shifts, although they had greater total sleep. The level of attention showed to be best for the group on the day shift work.

PT no purgatório: ambivalência eleitoral no primeiro turno das eleições presidenciais de 2010

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Lucio Rennó

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo investigamos os padrões de volatilidade eleitoral, em nível individual, nas eleições presidenciais de 2010 com o objetivo de explicar a mudança de intenção de votos antes do primeiro turno entre os candidatos José Serra, Marina Silva e Dilma Rousseff. Damos ênfase ao papel das percepções sobre corrupção e sobre o aborto para entendermos o resultado final do primeiro turno das eleições. Para tanto, utilizamos o Estudo de Painel Eleitoral Brasileiro (EPEB, que conta com três ondas de entrevistas com a mesma amostra probabilística de eleitores brasileiros, representativa nacionalmente, e que permite aferir como os eleitores mudaram de opinião durante a campanha eleitoral. Os resultados indicam que os escândalos de corrupção, mais do que a discussão sobre aborto, estimularam uma perda de votos em Dilma Rousseff.

El sistema de alternancia de turnos en los intercambios sincrónicos mediatizados por ordenador

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Cristina Vela Delfa

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de las interacciones de tipo sincrónico mediatizadas por ordenador, es decir, las conversaciones electrónicas desarrolladas con aplicaciones de chat o mensajería instantánea. Examinamos los conceptos manejados por el análisis de la conversación en el marco de la etnometodología con el objetivo de determinar la idoneidad de su aplicación a este tipo de interacciones. A partir de esta reflexión observamos que tales intercambios manifiestan propiedades estructurales específicas que afectan de manera directa a la gestión de los turnos de palabra. Los solapamientos entre turnos son constantes, ya que la persistencia del texto escrito permite que en cualquier momento opere la autoselección. Además, la necesidad de ostentar la presencia conversacional, que solo resulta posible con la publicación en pantalla de las contribuciones, lleva a los interlocutores a desarrollar estrategias compensatorias como, por ejemplo, la segmentación de las intervenciones. Todo ello contribuye a la ruptura de los pares de adyacencia cuya relación prioriza la relevancia informativa frente a la contigüidad estructural.

Adaptaciones de puestos de trabajo de centros de salud en trabajadores especialmente sensibles a riesgos laborales

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Ana Padilla Fortes

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudio explora los ajustes trabajo-persona realizados en trabajadores considerados especialmente sensibles a determinados riesgos laborales en el sector sanitario. El propósito de esta investigación fue ayudar a caracterizar las adaptaciones del puesto de trabajo con motivo de la comunicación de algún tipo de discapacidad o limitación de salud que interfiere en el desempeño de tareas. A lo largo del año 2012, en los centros de salud de un distrito de atención primaria se contabilizó un total de 46 trabajadores calificados especialmente sensibles que recibieron un promedio de 3,2 medidas de adaptación en el lugar y/o puesto de trabajo. Los hallazgos mostraron una amplia variedad de ajustes que incluyeron modificaciones en la organización del trabajo, en la forma de desempeñar las tareas, y en menor grado, cambios en los factores ambientales próximos al puesto y/o lugar de trabajo. Todas las medidas estuvieron encaminadas a facilitar la continuidad de la vida laboral dentro de unos límites compatibles con la seguridad y salud del trabajador. Nuestros resultados ofrecen una primera aproximación al conocimiento de los aspectos de gestión de las limitaciones de salud que menoscaban la capacidad de los trabajadores para responder a las demandas de trabajo.

Nuevos factores implicados en las adaptaciones fisiológicas y cardiacas de la gestación

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Redondo Angulo, Ibon

2016-01-01

[spa] La gestación es un periodo en el que acontecen varios cambios fisiológicos. Los cambios metabólicos que acontecen en la primera mitad de la gestación (denominada anabólicos materna) consisten en una serie de adaptaciones que permitirán a la madre satisfacer la demanda fetal futura mediante el aporte de grandes cantidades de sangre, oxígeno y nutrientes en la segunda etapa posterior. Esta segunda etapa, la catabólica materna, incluye cambios fisiológicos que posibilitan el suministro de...

Percepção dos efeitos do trabalho em turnos sobre a saúde e a vida social em funcionários da enfermagem em um hospital universitário do Estado de São Paulo

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Ester de S. Costa

2000-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho em turnos existe desde o início da vida social dos homens, sendo utilizado em diferentes setores, como na indústria de produção de bens de consumo e de serviços. A área da saúde exige o sistema em turnos para manutenção de atividades durante 24 horas. Teve-se como objetivo identificar os sistemas de turnos em funcionários de enfermagem em um hospital universitário, avaliar a percepção sobre os prováveis efeitos do trabalho em turnos em sua saúde e vida social e o grau de participação desses funcionários na forma de organização de sua jornada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, cujos resultados foram obtidos mediante questionário aplicado a 348 funcionários da enfermagem do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo. Dentre os resultados, observou-se que, em sua maioria, eles tinham menos de 40 anos, eram casados, do sexo feminino, com um filho pelo menos, cumprindo uma escala de turnos alternados, com freqüência de revezamento superior a quinze dias e referindo queixas de caráter neuro-psíquico, gastrintestinal e cardiovascular. Houve ainda queixas sobre relacionamento e tempo de convivência. Na maioria das vezes, era pouca a participação do funcionário na forma de organização de sua escala de trabalho.

Diseño de un sistema de riego hidrante parcelario con los métodos por Turnos y Clement: análisis técnico y económico

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Bartolomé Espinosa Espinosa

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El uso óptimo y sostenible de los recursos hídricos disponibles para riego, requiere que las instalaciones usadas para irrigar permitan administrar el agua con las estrategias de manejo adecuadas a cada situación. Este aspecto, es imprescindible para rentabilizar las inversiones en infraestructura para los cultivos en la zona regable y por la evolución de las políticas y mercados agrícolas. Por ello, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis técnico y económico de un sistema de riego a hidrante parcelario empleando los métodos por Turnos y Clement, en el módulo Yurécuaro del Distrito de Riego 087, localizado en el estado de Michoacán, México, con la finalidad de recomendar a los usuarios un diseño para los sistemas de riego. El análisis de los resultados mostró que el diseño hidráulico por el método de Turnos requiere diámetros menores de tubería para su funcionamiento, mientras que para el diseño empleando el método de Clement demandó diámetros mayores que le permitieron mayor flexibilidad en el sistema de riego. El costo de inversión inicial del sistema de riego diseñado con el método de Clement fue 28% mayor en comparación con el método de diseño por Turnos. Los costos de operación del sistema de riego por el método de Turnos, fue 12.5% mayores en comparación con el método de Clement.

Influencia y efectos sobre la salud del trabajo a turnos y nocturno en el sector sanitario

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Yráyzoz Fuentes, Belén María

2017-01-01

Introducción: La Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales (LPRL) tiene por objeto promover la seguridad y la salud de los trabajadores, por lo que cualquier trabajador debería desarrollar su actividad laboral durante el día y así coincidir con la actividad fisiológica. Este estudio se centra en el sector de la salud, siendo cierto que siempre han existido los trabajos a turnos y nocturno (TTN) debido a que el seguimiento de pacientes se debe llevar a cabo las 24 horas del día y esto supo...

Trabalho Diurno e Noturno: Principais Impactos do Trabalho em Turnos para a Saúde de Vigilantes

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Maria Fabiana Machado da Silva; Lauriane Maria dos Santos Teles; Keilane Ferreira de Araújo; Tátila Rayane de Sampaio Brito; Janaína dos Santos Silva; Carla Fernanda de Lima Santiago da Silva

2013-01-01

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o impacto do trabalho diurno e noturno sobre a saúde de vigilantes de uma Universidade Pública do Piauí. Utilizou-se um Questionário Sociodemográfico e Profissional/Ocupacional, analisado por meio da análise de frequência, e uma Entrevista Semiestruturada, acerca da satisfação com o turno de trabalho, o cotidiano fora dele e as consequências do trabalho para a saúde, utilizando-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temático de Bardin (2002). A maioria dos vigilantes di...

Clásicos y modernos: dos adaptaciones literarias de Orson Welles

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Molina Foix, Vicente

2010-02-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this paper is to study the importance of Orson Welles as filmmaker in two different ways. Firstly, as regards his adaptations from Shakespeare’s texts. Among these Macbeth, focusing mainly on Jacques Tourner’s influence with his work I walked with a Zombie and the strategies used to build a film using fantastic terror clues. In the second part of the paper, Welles is studied in relation to his interest in Isak Dinesen’s work and his adaptation from The Inmortal Story.

Se estudia la trayectoria cinematográfica de Orson Welles con especial referencia a las adaptaciones de las obras de Shakespeare y dentro de ellas Macbeth, destacando la influencia de Jacques Tourner con su obra Yo anduve con un Zombie y construyendo su obra con los parámetros del cine de terror fantástico. Se describe el interés de Wells por la obra de Isak Dinesen y su adaptación de Una historia inmortal.

Innovadores, adaptaciones creativas y proyectos "nacionales". La circulación de ideas en las ciencias sociales argentinas (1950-1976)

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Gil, Gastón Julián

2017-01-01

Entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970 las ciencias sociales argentinas experimentaron un pluralismo teórico que combinó diversos procesos de espacialización de teorías provenientes de los centros metropolitanos de producción de conocimiento. Esas adaptaciones, más o menos creativas, convivieron con propuestas de formular teorías endógenas guiadas por un compromiso militante y el afán de transformación social. En el marco de su definitiva institucionalización, disciplinas como antropología y sociol...

Qualidade de sono e sua relação com o rendimento acadêmico em estudantes universitários de turnos distintos = Sleep quality and its relationship with academic performance in college students of different shifts

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Araújo, Danilo de Freitas

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Analisou-se a correlação entre níveis de sonolência, qualidade do sono e rendimento acadêmico de graduandos. A amostra (média de idade: 24 anos, DP = 8,09 foi constituída por 109 estudantes do turno matutino e 125 do noturno. Preencheram ficha sócio-demográfica, Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh. O rendimento acadêmico foi solicitado aos coordenadores dos cursos. Os resultados mostraram para sonolência média de 9,03 pontos (DP = 4,01 no turno matutino, e 9,7 (DP = 4,01 no noturno, e para qualidade do sono, 5,54 (DP = 2,99 e 5,53 (DP = 3,08, respectivamente. Foram constatadas diferenças significativas em sonolência (t = -29,55; p 0,05 e noturno (r = 0,03; p > 0,05. Os dados mostraram que os estudantes do turno noturno são mais sonolentos e possuem pior qualidade do sono, embora isso não influa sobre seu rendimento

Effects of a 12-hour shift on mood states and sleepiness of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit nurses.

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Ferreira, Tadeu Sartini; Moreira, Clarice Zinato; Guo, James; Noce, Franco

2017-03-09

To assess the effect of a 12-hour shift on mood states and sleepiness at the beginning and end of the shift. Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study.It was conducted with 70 neonatal intensive care unit nurses. The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and a socio-demographic profile questionnaire were administered. When the KSS and BRUMS scores were compared at the beginning of the shift associations were found with previous sleep quality (p ≤ 0.01), and quality of life (p ≤ 0.05). Statistical significant effects on BRUMS scores were also associated with previous sleep quality, quality of life, liquid ingestion, healthy diet, marital status, and shift work stress. When the beginning and end of the shift were compared, different KSS scores were seen in the group of all nurses and in the night shift one. Significant vigor and fatigue scores were observed within shift groups. A good night's sleep has positive effects on the individual`s mood states both at the beginning and the end of the shift. The self-perception of a good quality of life also positively influenced KSS and BRUMS scores at the beginning and end of the shift. Proper liquid ingestion led to better KSS and BRUMS scores. Evaluar el efecto de un turno de 12 horas en estados de ánimo y somnolencia al principio y al final del turno. Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo.Se realizó con 70 enfermeras de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Se administró la Escala de Humor Brunel (BRUMS), la Escala de Somnolencia de Karolinska (KSS) y un cuestionario de perfil sociodemográfico. Cuando se compararon las puntuaciones de KSS y BRUMS al comienzo del turno se encontraron asociaciones con calidad de sueño previa (p ≤ 0,01) y calidad de vida (p ≤ 0,05). Los efectos estadísticos significativos en las puntuaciones de BRUMS también se asociaron con la calidad previa del sueño, la calidad de vida, la ingestión de líquidos, la dieta saludable, el

Riesgo de los turnos nocturnos en la salud integral del profesional de enfermería

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Noé Ramírez-Elizondo

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir el riesgo de los turnos nocturnos en la salud integral del profesional de Enfermería. Se realizó una revisión en diversas bases de datos, y de ahí se extrajo lo más relevante para la construcción de la información contenida. Se establece que los principales trastornos asociados a los trabajos de noche giran en torno a problemas gástricos, y del sistema cardiovascular. De igual manera hay importantes alteraciones asociadas a la pérdida del vínculo familiar y la interacción social. Se concluye que el trabajo de noche no solo posee un impacto fisiológico, sino psicológico y social, lo que hace necesario la implementación de políticas en salud que mitiguen los factores de riesgo asociados.

What do petrochemical workers, healthcare workers, and truck drivers have in common? Evaluation of sleep and alertness in Brazilian shiftworkers O que têm em comum os trabalhadores da indústria petroquímica, profissionais de saúde e caminhoneiros? Sono e vigília entre trabalhadores em turnos no Brasil

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Frida Marina Fischer

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The article reports briefly on some effects of shiftwork and the work environment on health and wellbeing of shiftworkers. Studies of Brazilian shiftworkers (healthcare workers, petrochemical workers, and truck drivers are described. A similar methodology was used to evaluate sleep and alertness in all these studies. The evaluation of sleep duration and quality and alertness showed similar results in the three studies. Although the workers were in different work settings, performing different jobs, the results are similar: daytime sleep is reduced and perceived as having worse quality than nighttime sleep; alertness decreases as the night work progresses. The study highlights the importance of shiftwork schedules' features and work organization for workers' health, wellbeing, and safety.Este artigo apresenta de forma resumida os efeitos do trabalho em turnos na saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores. São apresentados estudos conduzidos em hospitais, indústria petroquímica e companhias de caminhões de carga. Foi utilizada metodologia semelhante nos estudos descritos para avaliação da duração e qualidade do sono, assim como do alerta durante o trabalho. Apesar dos trabalhadores realizarem tarefas bastante distintas, os resultados das avaliações de sono e alerta foram semelhantes: os trabalhadores após turnos noturnos apresentaram sono mais curto do que após outros turnos, comparados consigo mesmos e/ou com seus colegas de turnos diurnos. É enfatizada a importância da escala em turnos, assim como da organização do trabalho, para auxiliar os trabalhadores a manterem sua saúde, bem-estar e segurança no trabalho.

Estudo comparativo de padrões de sono em trabalhadores de enfermagem dos turnos diurno e noturno

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Milva Maria Figueiredo de Martino

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar os padrões de sono de enfermeiros dos turnos diurno e noturno em um hospital de Campinas (SP, Brasil. Métodos. Participaram 59 enfermeiros entre 23 e 59 anos. Para os enfermeiros do dia, analisou-se o sono noturno, e, para os da noite, os sonos diurno e noturno. Os informantes preencheram um diário do sono durante 1 semana, ao acordar. Foram analisados hora de ir deitar, de dormir, e de acordar; latência do sono; horas de sono noturno e diurno; cochilos; qualidade do sono; modo de acordar; e comparação do sono registrado no diário com o sono habitual. Também foram coletadas informações pessoais e profissionais. Resultados. O grupo diurno ia dormir às 23h36min e o grupo noturno, às 23h52min (P <=0,004, Wilcoxon. Os enfermeiros diurnos acordavam mais cedo (7h3min do que os noturnos quando dormiam à noite (8h30min. A latência média do sono foi de 23min26s para os enfermeiros diurnos contra 22min50s para os noturnos; a duração do sono noturno foi de 7h11min e 9h6min, respectivamente. O cochilo esteve presente apenas no grupo diurno (média de 2h3min. O sono diurno dos enfermeiros da noite foi caracterizado pelo fracionamento (dois períodos, tempo de sono de 4h7min e 2h38min. O sono noturno do grupo noturno foi de melhor qualidade. O tempo médio de trabalho em hospital foi de 14,31 anos no grupo diurno contra 7,07 no grupo noturno (P <=0,05, Wilcoxon. Os sujeitos possuíam hábitos saudáveis, principalmente quanto ao consumo de álcool. Verificou-se uso de anti-hipertensivos, diuréticos e analgésicos. Conclusões. Os achados foram semelhantes aos descritos anteriormente. Seria recomendável que os enfermeiros do turno da noite pudessem tirar cochilos para compensar o déficit de sono durante a atividade noturna.

PSPVDC: Una Propuesta que Incorpora el Diseño por Contrato Verificado al Personal Software Process

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Silvana Moreno

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de software se ha vuelto una actividad muy importante en el mundo actual. Existen números procesos de desarrollo de software que buscan aumentar la calidad de los productos y disminuir los tiempos de salida al mercado. Sin embargo, el software contiene defectos y éstos causan fallas potencialmente graves durante su ejecución. Este trabajo propone un nuevo proceso de desarrollo de software denominado PSPVDC que combina el enfoque del Personal Software Process (PSP y del Diseño por Contrato Verificado (VDbC con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de los productos con respecto al PSP. Además se presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura que busca conocer las adaptaciones al PSP que hayan sido documentadas, en particular aquellas que incorporan métodos formales.

A influência do turno de trabalho em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 The influence of the work shift in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Ticiana C. Rodrigues

2008-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre trabalho em turnos e pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em uma coorte de 95 pacientes diabéticos que trabalham no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o turno de trabalho noturno e diurno. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e laboratorial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa em relação à idade, sexo, duração do diabetes, índice de massa corporal, glicemia de jejum, teste A1c, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL colesterol, HDL colesterol, creatinina sérica e ácido úrico. Maior média de circunferência abdominal foi encontrada no grupo de trabalhadores noturnos. CONCLUSÃO: A circunferência abdominal foi mais elevada no grupo de trabalhadores noturnos. Isto pode ser um indicativo de maior resistência insulínica neste grupo de pacientes. Nossa pesquisa indica que o trabalho em turnos não esta associado com piora no controle metabólico em indivíduos diabéticos, nem com a presença de nefropatia diabética.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the work shift and diabetic patients. METHODS: A cross-section study was performed in a cohort of 95 type 2 diabetic patients that work in the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the shift, day or night work. Patients underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, diabetes duration, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, A1c (1%, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, serum creatinine and uric acid. A higher average of waist circumference was found in the group of night workers. CONCLUSION: Waist circumference was greater in the group of night workers; which may be indicative of insulin resistance in this group

En torno al proceso adaptativo de obras literarias al cine

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Juan Ramón Ferrera

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo parte de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió determinar los principales presupuestos teóricos para el estudio de las adaptaciones fílmicas de textos literarios, para obtener una visión más completa de cuáles han sido los enfoques y perspectivas más recurrentes en el tratamiento brindado a estos temas por los estudiosos.

Géneros textuales en el lenguaje parlamentario español: la pregunta oral en la sesión de control al gobierno

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Luis Javier Santos López

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se propone demostrar que la “pregunta oral en la sesión de control al gobierno” constituye un género del lenguaje político, encuadrado en el supragénero “sesión del pleno” que, a su vez, pertenece a la familia de géneros “lenguaje parlamentario”. Para ello se realiza el análisis de un corpus del lenguaje parlamentario constituido por las transcripciones de las sesiones del pleno del Congreso de los Diputados. Se observa que este tipo de pregunta no es una interacción conversacional normal, debido a la violación de las máximas de intercambio cooperativo de Grice (1975 y 1978. Sin embargo, los turnos de preguntas y respuestas obedecen al principio de cooperación porque responden a las exigencias dialógicas del momento, el lugar, la finalidad y la norma convencional de referencia, de forma que dichos turnos conforman un género discursivo con una estructuración convencional, para el cual la violación de las máximas es funcional. Posteriormente se realiza un análisis de diferentes funciones comunicativas de la pregunta que lleva a una propuesta de clasificación dentro del lenguaje parlamentario. Se llega a la conclusión de que se puede establecer una categorización de la pregunta, basándose en las condiciones de textualidad de la estructura informativa del texto.

Adaptaciones cinemáticas, cinéticas y antropométricas tras un entrenamiento de corta duración con arrastres de trineo en atletas entrenados

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Pedro E. Alcaraz Ramón

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar las adaptaciones cinemáticas, cinéticas y antropométricas tras un entrenamiento de 4 semanas con arrastres de trineo en la fase de aceleración y de máxima velocidad del sprint, en atletas entrenados. Método 8 mujeres y 14 hombres de nivel nacional divididos en 2 grupos realizaron una fase inicial de 3 semanas de familiarización, integradas por 2 sesiones de entrenamiento de musculación, combinado con otras 2 sesiones de entrenamiento de velocidad y saltos. Tras esta fase, y después de dividir aleatoriamente la muestra en 2 grupos denominados grupo experimental (GE y grupo control (GC, se realizó una segunda fase de 4 semanas de entrenamiento diferenciado formado por 2 sesiones semanales de velocidad y saltos, 1 sesión de regeneración y 2 sesiones de musculación. La única diferencia en el entrenamiento fue que el GE realizaba las series de velocidad arrastrando un trineo que producía el 7,5% de pérdida de la máxima velocidad. Al inicio y al final de las 4 semanas de entrenamiento específico, los atletas realizaron los siguientes test: sprints de 15 m, 30 m y 50 m; test de salto vertical: salto en sentadilla a 90º (SJ y 120º (SJM, salto con contramovimiento (CMJ y salto con caída de 50 cm (DJ; 1-RM y potencia (POW al 30%, 45%, 60%, 70% y 80% de 1-RM en media sentadilla; y fuerza isocinética concéntrica (FIC de los flexores y extensores de la cadera a velocidades de 60º· s-1, 180º· s-1, 270º· s-1 y 450º· s-1. Se realizó un estudio fotogramétrico de la técnica de carrera en la fase de aceleración (AC y de la fase de máxima velocidad (MAX. También se ealizó un estudio antropométrico. Para conocer las diferencias intra-grupos se realizó un T-test para muestras relacionadas. Para determinar las diferencias inter-grupos se realizó un T-test para muestras independientes (p 0,05. Resultados En el GE se observaron diferencias estad

Percepção dos efeitos do trabalho em turnos sobre a saúde e a vida social em funcionários da enfermagem em um hospital universitário do Estado de São Paulo Nursing staff perceptions of the effects of shift work on health and social life at the São Paulo State University hospital

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Ester de S. Costa

2000-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho em turnos existe desde o início da vida social dos homens, sendo utilizado em diferentes setores, como na indústria de produção de bens de consumo e de serviços. A área da saúde exige o sistema em turnos para manutenção de atividades durante 24 horas. Teve-se como objetivo identificar os sistemas de turnos em funcionários de enfermagem em um hospital universitário, avaliar a percepção sobre os prováveis efeitos do trabalho em turnos em sua saúde e vida social e o grau de participação desses funcionários na forma de organização de sua jornada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, cujos resultados foram obtidos mediante questionário aplicado a 348 funcionários da enfermagem do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo. Dentre os resultados, observou-se que, em sua maioria, eles tinham menos de 40 anos, eram casados, do sexo feminino, com um filho pelo menos, cumprindo uma escala de turnos alternados, com freqüência de revezamento superior a quinze dias e referindo queixas de caráter neuro-psíquico, gastrintestinal e cardiovascular. Houve ainda queixas sobre relacionamento e tempo de convivência. Na maioria das vezes, era pouca a participação do funcionário na forma de organização de sua escala de trabalho.There is a relationship between shift work and the beginning of organized life. Health services require shift work to keep activities running twenty-four hours a day. This study thus aimed to identify nursing staff shift work systems in a university hospital, evaluate health workers' perceptions of the possible effects of shift work on their health and social life, and assess workers' participation in preparing nursing schedules. In terms of materials and methods, this was an exploratory and descriptive study with a sample of 348 nursing staff members, using an appropriate questionnaire. Most were married women under 40 with at least one child, working on

A reprodução do discurso jornalístico na internet durante o segundo turno das eleições presidenciais de 2014

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Mônica Cristine FORT

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa em comunicação de massa, conforme Hall (1980, p. 387, tradicionalmente tem concebido o processo comunicativo em termos de um circuito. A linearidade do modelo emissor/mensagem/receptor, no entanto, é criticada pelo autor por sua concentração no nível da troca de mensagens e pela ausência de uma estrutura de oscilações da comunicação enquanto complexa estrutura de relações. A partir da concepção de Hall, o presente artigo visa analisar como o leitor interpretou o discurso jornalístico a partir de comentários realizados no Facebook de notícias que foram destaque de primeira página do jornal O Globo durante o mês que antecedeu o segundo turno das eleições presidenciais de 2014.

Influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas en la aparición del Síndrome de Burnout en médicos y enfermeras Influence of shift work and night shifts in the onset of the Burnout Syndrome in doctors and nurses

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Ambar Deschamps Perdomo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available La sociedad actual que funciona 24 horas al día, obliga a las organizaciones y en consecuencia a sus empleados a someterse a horarios de trabajo que van en contra del ritmo natural de la vida. El horario por turno y las guardias, fuera de las horas normales del día, es un tema que cobra importancia, ya que son muchas las implicaciones que esto trae como consecuencia en la salud física y mental de quienes lo realizan. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica existente la influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas en la aparición del síndrome de Burnout en médicos y enfermeras. Método: Varias bases de datos han sido analizadas (Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane, con descriptores específicos y según criterios de inclusión se ha obtenido la bibliografía. Resultados: Se localizaron 40 artículos. De los cuales, 16 (40% corresponden a estudios en enfermeras y 24 (60% sobre médicos, principalmente médicos en formación. Parece existir una relación de la influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas con la aparición del síndrome de Burnout, en médicos y enfermeras. Conclusión: La identificación de los factores de riesgo psicosocial a los que pueden estar expuestos los médicos permitirá adoptar medidas preventivas, que pueden ser útiles para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de este colectivo profesional.Society today works 24 hours a day, forcing organizations and their employees to submit work schedules that go against the natural rhythm of life. Shift work and night work, is an issue that is becoming important, as there are important consequences in physical and mental health of those who work this way. Objective: Analyze the existing scientific evidence of the influence of shift work and night shifts in the onset of burnout syndrome among physicians and nurses. Method: Several databases have been reviewed (Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane, with specific descriptors and bibliography has

Adaptación curricular de “Programación en Internet”

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Luján Mora, Sergio

2016-01-01

Trabajo del curso “Adaptaciones Curriculares para la Inclusión de Estudiantes con Necesidades Educativas Especiales” impartido en la Escuela Politécnica Nacional (Quito, Ecuador) del 16 al 22 de marzo de 2016.

Jane Austen y C. S. Lewis: de la literatura al cine. Análisis de transposición

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Mercedes Sarapura Sarapura

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Esta es una propuesta de análisis de transposición de la literatura al cine de la novela Orgullo y Prejuicio, de Jane Austen, y del ensayo Una pena observada, de C. S. Lewis. El primer propósito en ambos casos es ahondar en los nuevos aportes de la última versión cinematográfica de la novela de Austen, así como en las características y cualidades de la versión fílmica del cuaderno de anotaciones de C. S. Lewis, a partir de las contribuciones teóricas de autores como Gerard Genette, Georffrey Wagner, Brian Mcfarlane, entre otros. El segundo objetivo se orienta al reconocimiento del intercambio entre el lenguaje cinematográfico y literario como un proceso representativo de la sociedad actual. El hecho de que las adaptaciones (históricamente vistas con gran escepticismo sean ahora continuamente realizadas y acogidas por el público, insta a una revisión y profundización de los estudios que se han hecho al respecto con el fin de conocer la situación actual de la relación existente entre cine y literatura, sus posibilidades creativas, las expectativas de las audiencias, los prejuicios y recelos de los expertos, etc.

Programas de Contra Turno Social para crianças e adolescentes na cidade de Maringá/PR: características e funções (Supplementary Activities Outside class time for children and adolescents in Maringá city - Paraná state: features and functions

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Paula Marçal Natali

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar as características e funções dos programas de contra turno social os quais atendem crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco, na cidade de Maringá-PR, que foram implantados no início dos anos 90. Este estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado que analisa os Programas de Contra Turno Social na cidade de Maringá-PR, mais especificamente no que se refere à questão do papel do lúdico inserido no currículo destes programas de contra turno social. Esta forma de atendimento foi legitimada pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente no que diz respeito às políticas de atendimento em regime de apoio sócio-educativo em meio aberto. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, no primeiro momento apresentaremos um breve panorama das políticas de atendimento à criança e ao adolescente no Brasil, partindo da promulgação do Código de Menores de 1927 e chegando ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990. Em um segundo momento, relataremos as representações dos órgãos governamentais e da sociedade civil sobre como os programas sociais de contra turno vem sendo realizados na cidade de Maringá através de entrevistas com funcionárias da Secretaria de Assistência Social e Cidadania do município e membros do Conselho Municipal da Criança e do Adolescente. Entendemos que as representações sobre o contra turno social na cidade de Maringá são carregadas de elementos técnicos e burocráticos e muito incipientes em relação aos fundamentos pedagógicos e filosóficos deste atendimento que são elementos primordiais para a efetivação dos direitos à criança e ao adolescente em situação de risco fundamentada na concepção do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de sujeito de direito que busque a participação popular e que tenha um projeto emancipatório.Abstract: This paper aims to present the features and functions of the programmes of supplementary activities offered outside of

Registro preliminar de Basidiomycetes del Páramo De Ocetá (Monguí-Boyacá, Colombia

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Helbert David Siabatto F.

2005-07-01

órdenes: Agaricales, Afiloforales, Lycoperdales y Russulales. Se realizó un análisis de acuerdo al gradiente altitudinal muestreado (3.265 a 3.455 msnm y su incidencia en la morfología, indicando posibles adaptaciones en contraste a colecciones consultadas.

Estrés laboral y su relación con los turnos y áreas de trabajo en el personal que labora en campos de perforación de una empresa del sector hidrocarburos en Colombia

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Pinzón Rodríguez, Katia Melisa

2015-01-01

El personal que labora en áreas de campo en las empresas de hidrocarburos se enfrenta de manera sistemática a diferentes exposiciones ocupacionales que pueden estar relacionadas con el estrés laboral o tener algún tipo de incidencia en este sentido. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de síntomas de estrés percibidos por un grupo de trabajadores que laboran en cuatro campos de perforación de hidrocarburos e identificar su relación con el turno y área de trabajo (administración y producción) e...

The relationship between shift work and sleep patterns in nurses Relação entre trabalho por turnos e padrões de sono em enfermeiros

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Manuel Fernando dos Santos Barbosa

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The scope of this study was to evaluate the sleep/wake cycle in shift work nurses, as well as their sleep quality and chronotype. The sleep/wake cycle was evaluated by keeping a sleep diary for a total of 60 nurses with a mean age of 31.76 years. The Horne & Östberg Questionnaire (1976 for the chronotype and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI for sleep quality were applied. The results revealed a predominance of indifferent chronotypes (65.0%, followed by moderately evening persons (18.3%, decidedly evening persons (8.3%, moderately morning persons (6.6% and decidedly morning persons (1.8%. The sleep quality perception was analyzed by the visual analogical scale, showing a mean score of 5.85 points for nighttime sleep and 4.70 points for daytime sleep, which represented a statistically significant difference. The sleep/wake schedule was also statistically different when considering weekdays and weekends. The PSQI showed a mean of 7.0 points, characterizing poor sleep quality. The results showed poor sleep quality in shift work nurses, possibly due to the lack of sport and shift work habits.Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar o ciclo vigília-sono em enfermeiros que trabalham por turnos, bem como a qualidade do sono e cronótipo. O ciclo vigília-sono foi avaliado através do diário de sono, num total de 60 enfermeiros, com idade média de 31.76 anos. Para o cronótipo utilizou-se o Questionário de Horne e Östberg, de 1976, e para medir a qualidade de sono calculou-se o Índice Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI. Os resultados do cronótipo mostraram uma predominância para tipo indiferente (65.0%, seguido do tipo Moderamente Vespertinos (18.3%, Definitivamente Vespertino (8.3%, Moderadamente Matutinos (6.6% e Definitivamente Matutinos (1.8%. A percepção da qualidade do sono autorreportada pela Escala Analógica Visual (VAS foi de 5.85 pontos, em média, para o sono nocturno e 4.70 para o sono diurno, diferen

Diseño y Desarrollo del Cuerpo de una Guitarra Eléctrica adaptada al Usuario mediante Tecnologías de Fabricación Aditiva

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de la Herrán García, Gari

2017-01-01

El presente TFG recoge el estudio del diseño y desarrollo de una guitarra eléctrica con un cuerpo realizado mediante fabricación aditiva, con posibilidades de parametrización y adaptaciones ergonómicas personales.

Modificación del daño oxidativo en un grupo de ciclistas tras consumir ácido docosahexaenoico a distintas dosis

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Contreras Fernández, Carlos Javier

2014-01-01

El ejercicio físico intenso y de larga duración es una fuente de estrés oxidativo que puede afectar a la salud y al rendimiento del deportista, lo que ha llevado a un gran número de deportistas a suplementar su dieta con vitaminas y minerales antioxidantes. Sin embargo, la bibliografía muestra resultados no concluyentes al respecto e, incluso, algunos autores afirman que la suplementación es contraproducente (por ejemplo, reducción de adaptaciones al entrenamiento en individuos suplementados)...

Remodelamiento ventricular izquierdo secundario al entrenamiento en jugadores de rugby

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Ennis, Irene L.; Pinilla, Oscar Andrés; Escudero, Eduardo Manuel

2016-01-01

La actividad física en deportistas puede asociarse con adaptaciones eléctricas, estructurales y funcionales del miocardio que configuran el corazón de atleta. Las características de la sobrecarga de trabajo impuesta por la actividad deportiva son las principales responsables de este fenotipo. El rugby es un deporte con moderada carga isométrica y moderada a intensa carga dinámica, pudiendo estas condiciones variar según la posición del jugador en el campo [fowards (F) vs. backs (B)]. Este tra...

Mejoramiento de la productividad mediante la reducción de costos en una línea manufacturera de arneses eléctricos

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Karlos Gerardo Moreno Perea

2015-08-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad debido a una gran diversidad de proveedores automotrices, las empresas han adoptado por tener un sistema de reducción de costos el cual les permita ser competitivas para las principales OEM´s (Fabricantes de Equipamiento Original manufactureras automotrices. Tal es el caso de la organización bajo estudio en la cual se estableció como objetivo a mediano plazo el mejoramiento de la productividad en una de sus líneas de producción la cual manufacturaba arneses eléctricos automotrices de la familia Clutch Jumper durante dos turnos de trabajo, utilizando treinta y cinco operadores directos por turno. Mediante la elaboración de un modelo de planeación de optimización de recursos se logró al finalizar el proyecto de investigación la reducción de la manufactura a un solo turno de trabajo optimizando así la cantidad de operadores, equipos de manejo de materiales, equipos eléctricos y recursos naturales. Esto sin afectar la cuota de producción diaria y la calidad de los arneses terminados.

Adaptaciones musculares relacionadas a áreas corporales que participan activamente en el vuelo de Anhima cornuta (Aves: Anseriformes, Anhimidae

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Marcos Antonio Manzanares

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La forma y correspondencia entre la anatomía muscular y ósea revela en gran medida el hábito locomotor de cualquier ave. Las especies pertenecientes a la Familia Anhimidae son relevantes dentro de las Aves, debido a las adaptaciones óseas (y por lo tanto, musculares que presentan, como la pérdida de procesos uncinados, el desarrollo de espolones metarcapales, la extrema neumatización y el notable desarrollo de forámenes. Se analizaron anatómicamente y numéricamente (superficie de origen e inserción, longitud en reposo y masa los componentes musculares relacionados a las zonas de la columna vertebral, tronco, miembros y cinturas de tres ejemplares de Anhima cornutade distintos sexos y se compararon con lo estudiado en 4 ejemplares de especies relacionadas (Dendrocygna bicolory Dendrocygna viduata, Anatidae. El estudio reveló que en Anhima existe un gran desarrollo de los músculos intercostales e intervertebrales (torácicos y lumbares, evidenciando una adaptación a la ausencia de procesos uncinados. En Anhimaexisten fascículos proporcionalmente menos pesados y de menor tamaño que en Dendrocygna, indicando morfológicamente la ocurrencia de un vuelo menos desarrollado en el primero. Algunos tendones y fibras musculares metacarpales cuya inserción ocurre en el primer dígito en Dendrocygna, en Anhimase insertan en la base de los espolones proximal y distal, demostrando el poco control del vuelo en Anhima. La musculatura de los miembros posteriores en Anhimaes mucho más desarrollada, tanto en tamaño, como en masa proporcional, evidenciando una gran actividad en esta zona en la propulsión del vuelo y en hábitos terrestres

An evolutionary frame of work to study physiological adaptation to high altitudes Un marco conceptual para estudiar adaptaciones fisiológicas a altas altitudes

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ENRICO L. REZENDE

2005-06-01

Full Text Available How complex physiological systems evolve is one of the major questions in evolutionary physiology. For example, how traits interact at the physiological and genetic level, what are the roles of development and plasticity in Darwinian evolution, and eventually how physiological traits will evolve, remains poorly understood. In this article we summarize the current frame of work evolutionary physiologists are employing to study the evolution of physiological adaptations, as well as the role of developmental and reversible phenotypic plasticity in this context. We also highlight representative examples of how the integration of evolutionary and developmental physiology, concomitantly with the mechanistic understanding of physiological systems, can provide a deeper insight on how endothermic vertebrates could cope with reduced ambient temperatures and oxygen availability characteristic of high altitude environments. In this context, high altitude offers a unique system to study the evolution of physiological traits, and we believe much can be gained by integrating theoretical and empirical knowledge from evolutionary biology, such as life-history theory or the comparative method, with the mechanistic understanding of physiological processesUna de las preguntas más importantes en fisiología evolutiva es como evolucionan los sistemas fisiológicos complejos. Por ejemplo, actualmente sabemos poco sobre la interacción entre varios rasgos a niveles genéticos y fisiológicos, sobre el papel de la plasticidad fenotípica durante distintas etapas del desarrollo y madurez para la evolución fisiológica dentro de un linaje. En este trabajo explicamos el marco conceptual ocupado por fisiólogos evolutivos en la actualidad para estudiar adaptaciones fisiológicas a nivel evolutivo y el papel de la plasticidad dentro de la evolución Darviniana. Citamos ejemplos de como la integración de la fisiología evolutiva y del desarrollo nos permitió un mayor

Evaluación de la carga laboral en residentes chilenos de especialidades y subespecialidades médicas

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Luis Antonio Díaz Piga

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La sobrecarga laboral horaria es un importante problema en los programas de especialización médica. Se asocia a mayor prevalencia de depresión, burnout, deserción, e impacta en la calidad de vida de los residentes. Nuestro objetivo fue cuantificar las horas semanales de carga laboral horaria en residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta electrónica a los residentes de especialidad y subespecialidad de la PUC (2013. Ésta incluyó autoreporte de horas semanales trabajadas (jornada habitual, turnos presenciales y turnos de llamada. Para el análisis se consideraron sólo las horas presenciales (jornada habitual y turnos presenciales. Resultados: Se obtuvo 415 respuestas (tasa de respuesta 86%. Los residentes de especialidad reportaron una jornada de 52,8 ± 20,3 horas semanales más un promedio de 22,6 ± 22,5 horas de turnos presenciales semanales. Los residentes de programas de subespecialidad reportaron una jornada de 55,9 ± 22,2 horas semanales más un promedio de 23 ± 3,9 horas de turnos presenciales semanales. De los 53 programas evaluados, el 22,6% sobrepasó el límite recomendado  por  la Dirección de Postgrado PUC (80 horas semanales. Cinco programas reportaron 90-100 horas semanales (todas especialidades o subespecialidades quirúrgicas y 7 programas reportaron 80-90 horas semanales (3 subespecialidades médicas, 1 subespecialidad quirúrgica, 2 especialidades médicas y 1 especialidad quirúrgica. Conclusión: Los residentes de especialidades y subespecialidades médicas en la PUC están sometidos a una carga horaria significativa. Los programas quirúrgicos presentaron la mayor sobrecarga horaria presencial, con un promedio mayor al recomendado a nivel internacional.

El origen no humano de la música

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Juan David Leongómez

2008-01-01

Resumen: Si la música tiene un origen cultural -como suele asumirse- ¿cómo puede explicarse su universalidad? Este artículo parte de este problema para plantear la hipótesis de que el fenómeno musical tenga un origen anterior al hombre moderno, o incluso anterior al hombre mismo y sea el resultado de una serie de adaptaciones al medio; de que tenga un origen biológico y no cultural. Tras analizar diversos estudios en áreas tan diversas como la semiótica, la neurología, la etología y la evoluc...

Efeito da inversão dos turnos de trabalho sobre capacidade aeróbia e respostas cardiovasculares ao esforço máximo Effect of the work shift reversal on the aerobic capacity and cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise

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Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Os distúrbios do sono e alterações associadas atingem grande parte da população que trabalha no turno noturno, afetando a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a capacidade aeróbia e as respostas cardiovasculares ao exercício máximo em indivíduos com ciclo sono vigília fisiológico e com inversão dos turnos de trabalho. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sedentários, com idade entre 23-35 anos, divididos em 2 grupos: a grupo controle, formado por estudantes (n=9 e b grupo experimental, composto por controladores de tráfego aéreo que trabalhavam com inversão dos turnos de trabalho (n=9. Para a medida da capacidade aeróbia, foi determinado o VO2máx. por meio do analisador de gases metabólicos (VO-2000, Aerosport, Medgraphics. Para o teste de esforço máximo foi realizado o protocolo de rampa em esteira (Millenniun ATL Inbramed e as respostas cardiovasculares (FC, PAS e PAD foram verificadas antes e após a realização do exercício. De acordo com os resultados, o grupo experimental apresentou valores inferiores de FC no repouso (79,8 ± 11,5 bpm vs. 70,3 ± 3,8 bpm, no 5º (112,7± 15,1 bpm vs. 98,7 ± 6,3 bpm e no 7º minuto (108,7 ± 16,6 bpm vs. 93,9 ± 6,8 bpm de recuperação. Quanto à PAS, foram observados valores superiores durante o repouso (110,0 ± 11,2 mmHg vs. 104,0 ± 5,7 mmHg, nos indivíduos do grupo controle. Já a PAD, mostrou níveis superiores no 5º minuto da recuperação no grupo experimental (67,0 ± 4,4 mmHg vs. 58,9 ± 6,0 mmHg. Por fim, foram verificados valores superiores de VO2máx. para os indivíduos do grupo controle (58,9 ± 6,1 ml/kg/min em relação ao experimental (53,7 ± 2,5 ml/kg/min. Desta forma, podemos concluir que a inversão nos turnos de trabalho, afetando o ciclo sono-vigília, altera não apenas o ciclo circadiano das variáveis cardiovasculares no repouso e na recuperação do esforço, como também traz prejuízos à capacidade

Cangrejos, viajeros y conquistadores

OpenAIRE

Spivak, E.D.

1999-01-01

El relato sobre el hallazgo de cangrejos viajeros al norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), introduce al lector en el mundo de estos crustáceos, sus ciclos de vida y sus notables adaptaciones ecológicas. Este trabajo de divulgación presenta también los cangrejales de la laguna costera Mar Chiquita (provincia de Buenos Aires), sobre estrategias ecológicas en los cangrejos estuariales, así como otras lecturas sugeridas sobre la temática. Los estudios sobre la ecología, la fisiol...

Temperatura óptima y etapa fenológica para determinar la termoestabilidad de la membrana celular en maíz y frijol

OpenAIRE

Castro Nava, S

2013-01-01

La necesidad de encontrar plantas tolerantes al calor obliga a buscar nuevas estrategias de medición de esta respuesta. La termoestabilidad de la membrana celular mediante la medición de la pérdida de electrolitos por daños ocasionados a la membrana es un criterio fisiológico de selección indirecto. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar adaptaciones al método original dependiendo de la especie. El objetivo del estudio fue probar tres niveles de temperatura en el método de termoestabilidad de la ...

Primera sentencia penal sobre piratería de software analizada a la luz de la informática jurídica

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Héctor Miguel Delpiano Ascencio

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Comentario a la Sentencia del Juzgado Letrado de 1a. Instancia en lo Penal de 6§ Turno, del 23 de marzo de 1993(Con posterioridad a haberse escrito este artículo, el 20 de noviembre de 1997 el Juzgado Letrado de Primera Instancia en lo Penal de 150 Turno (redistribuido del similar de 60 Turno, a cargo del Dr. Gerardo Peduzzi, dictó, en los mismos autos, Sentencia de 1" instancia condenatoria por un "delito continuado de reproducción ilícita de una obra literaria", la que, en momentos de incorporarse esta nota (abril de 1998, está sienpo objeto de recurso de apelación por el condenado. La Sentencia de 1" instancia será analizada oportunamente una vez resuelto el recurso y en conjunto con la de 2a instancia, si introdujeran elementos innovadores respecto a los contenidos en el presente trabajo.Contenido: Generalidades. Alcance del término "software". Concepto de licencia. Circunstancias de hecho determinantes de la sentencia. Delito tipificado: "piratería de software". Circunstancias que llevaron a la tipificación. Modalidades de pirateríacometidas. Elementos de la comisión del delito. Otros conceptos manejados en lasentencia.  Software de Base. La factura no significa tener licencia. Normativa aplicada al caso. Normativa nacional. Normativa internacional. 

Regulación del flujo sanguíneo uterino. I. Funciones de estrógeno y receptores estrogénicos α/β en el endotelio vascular uterino durante el embarazo

Science.gov (United States)

Mayra, Pastore R.; Rosalina, Villalón L.; López, Gladys; Iruretagoyena, Jesús; Magness, Ronald

2015-01-01

Resumen El estrógeno y los receptores estrogénicos clásicos (REs), RE-α y RE-β, han demostrado ser parcialmente responsable por las adaptaciones endoteliales uterinas durante el embarazo al corto y largo plazo. Las diferencias moleculares y estructurales, junto con los diferentes efectos causados por estos receptores en las células y los tejidos, sugieren que su función varía dependiendo de la manera en la cual el estrógeno se comunica con sus receptores. En ésta revisión bibliográfica se discuten la función del estrógeno y sus receptores clásicos en las adaptaciones cardiovasculares durante el embarazo y la expresión de los Res in vivo e in vitro en el endotelio de la arteria uterina durante el ciclo ovárico y el embarazo, a la vez comparado con la expresión en endotelio arterial de tejidos reproductivos y no reproductivos. Estos temas integran el conocimiento actual de este amplio campo científico con interpretaciones e hipótesis diversas relacionadas con los efectos estrogénicos mediados bien sea por uno o los dos REs. Esta revisión también incluye la relación con las adaptaciones vasodilatadoras y angiogénicas requeridas para modular el dramático incremento fisiológico en la perfusión útero-placentaria observada durante un embarazo normal. PMID:26113750

Modelo Innovador: “Cuidado a las Enfermeras en el Afrontamiento al Estrés en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos”.

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Angélica Mª Armendáriz Ortega

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo principal: Fomentar el cuidado en el afrontamiento al estrés a través de la Educación Para la Salud (EPS en el personal de enfermería que labora en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI.Metodología: Técnicas cuanti-cualitativas, orientación fenomenológica. Los participantes fueron diez enfermeras (os de UCI, diferentes turnos, horarios indistintos.Resultados principales: Los estresores laborales que mostraron promedios más altos fueron: falta de personal, falta de equipo y material, sobrecarga de trabajo, falta de medicamentos, inseguridad social; y el más bajo a relaciones interpersonales con compañeros. Así como ausencia de afrontamiento al estrés.Conclusión principal: La aplicación de éste modelo implica un proceso de cambio dirigido a desarrollar una forma de trabajo, cuidar al personal de enfermería. Poseer una nueva perspectiva de cuidado, centrado en las necesidades de la enfermera de UCI, que fomente el afrontamiento al estrés para su cuidado. AbstractInnovative model: "Nurses Care Coping Strategies in an Intensive Care Unit."Objective: Foster care in coping with stress through the Health Education in nurses working in Intensive Care Unit (ICU.Methods: quantitative techniques qualitative phenomenological orientation. Participants were ten nurses of ICU, different shifts, times indistinct.Results: The job stressors which showed higher averages were: staff shortages, lack of equipment and material, work overload, lack of medicine, social insecurity, and the lowest in interpersonal relationships with peers. And lack of coping with stress.Conclusions: The application of this model involves a process of change aimed at developing a way of working, caring nursing staff. Having a new perspective of care, focusing on the needs of the ICU nurse, which promotes coping with stress for care.

Influência do turno laboral na formação de edema dos membros inferiores em indivíduos normais Influence of working shift on the formation of lower limb edema in normal individuals

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Cleusa Ema Quilici Belczak

2008-09-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A presença de edema vespertino nos membros inferiores de indivíduos normais, após jornada habitual de trabalho, foi demonstrada na literatura nacional e internacional. O ritmo de formação e o acúmulo desse edema variam de acordo com os distintos turnos laborais. OBJETIVO: O edema de membros inferiores tem sido descrito após jornadas habituais de trabalho e representa uma queixa freqüente na prática vascular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução do edema em indivíduos normais durante os distintos turnos laborais. MÉTODO: Foram feitas avaliações volumétricas de ambos os membros inferiores em 20 profissionais da área da saúde do Hospital e Maternidade São Marcos de Maringá, no Paraná. A escolha dos participantes foi por ordem de chegada, e as volumetrias foram feitas por técnica de deslocamento de água às 7, 13 e 19 h. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student, considerando erro alfa de 5%. RESULTADO: Dos 20 participantes, 19 eram do sexo feminino e 1 do masculino, sem evidência de doença venosa nos membros inferiores e pertencentes a C0 e C1 da classificação CEAP (C = clínica, E = etiologia, A = segmento anatômico, P = fisiopatologia. As idades dos participantes variaram entre 20 e 53 anos. Detectou-se aumento significativo de volume nos membros inferiores entre os distintos períodos avaliados, com p = 0,0001 e 0,0001, respectivamente. A maior variação ocorreu no período da manhã, com média ± desvio padrão de 107,2±63,5 mL, enquanto que à tarde, a variação foi de 44,5±35,4 mL. CONCLUSÃO: O edema é uma constante durante atividades laborais, mesmo em pessoas sem doença venosa manifesta e sofre influência do turno laboral ao qual o trabalhador se encontra exposto.BACKGROUND: Presence of evening edema of lower limbs in normal individuals after a regular working shift has been shown in the national and international literature. Formation rhythm and accumulation of

Implantação de sistema informatizado para planejamento, gerenciamento e otimização das escalas de enfermagem Implantación de un sistema informatizado para la planificación, administración y optimización en la elaboración de los turnos de enfermería Implementation of a computerized system to plan, manage, and optimize nursing staff schedule

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Ana Cristina Rossetti

2009-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar o desenvolvimento e implantação de um sistema informatizado para auxiliar no planejamento, gerenciamento e otimização das escalas de enfermagem nas unidades de internação do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido o Sistema de Gerenciamento e Otimização de Recursos na plataforma tecnológica dot.Net da Microsoft®. RESULTADOS: Implantado inicialmente na área de enfermagem com visualização on-line das escalas das unidades e respectivas demandas de pacientes. Facilita e permite a elaboração e o gerenciamento das escalas mensais de trabalho, reduzindo o tempo utilizado na confecção e garantindo segurança na informação e agilidade na obtenção de dados. CONCLUSÃO:Após a implantação é possível observar ganhos e oportunidades de melhoria tanto no sistema como no processo de planejamento e gerenciamento das escalas de enfermagem.OBJETIVO: Relatar el desarrollo e implantación de un sistema informatizado para auxiliar en la planificación, administración y optimización en la elaboración de los turnos de enfermería en las unidades de internamiento del Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. MÉTODOS: Fue desarrollado el Sistema de administración y Optimización de Recursos en la plataforma tecnológica dot.Net de Microsoft®. RESULTADOS: Fue implantado inicialmente en el área de enfermería con visualización on-line de los turnos de las unidades y respectivas demandas de pacientes. Facilita y permite la elaboración y administración de los turnos mensuales de trabajo, reduciendo el tiempo utilizado en la confección, garantizando de este modo seguridad en la información y agilidad en la obtención de datos. CONCLUSIÓN: Después de la implantación es posible observar ganancias y oportunidades de mejoría tanto en el sistema como en el proceso de planificación y administración de los turnos de enfermería.OBJECTIVE: To report the development and implementation of a computerized

Presencia de Haemagogus equinus Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae en los municipios de Soledad y Malambo en el departamento del Atlántico, Colombia, 1998-2005

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Ronald Maestre

2008-03-01

Conclusión. La presencia de H. equinus en larvitrampas ubicadas en áreas cercanas al casco urbano, evidencia adaptaciones a criaderos artificiales, riesgo de urbanización, que sumado a los altos índices de infestación de A. aegypti y la potencial introducción del virus de la fiebre amarilla a través de este importante puerto, constituyen riesgo para esta patología en la zona.

Relatos sobre discapacidad y economías de a pie

OpenAIRE

Ortells Roca, Miguel Juan; Ortí Porcar, María José; Gimeno Nebot, Cèsar; Grupo de trabajo sobre Discapacidad

2013-01-01

ÍNDICE .PRÓLOGO, Miquel Ortells . EL NEGOCIO DEL MATERIAL ORTOPÉDICO, Cèsar Gimeno . HABLAR ELECTRÓNICAMENTE, Sergio Sanahuja . MI CORAZÓN NO RECHAZA EL TRABAJO, Antoni Romero . LAS ADAPTACIONES INFORMÁTICAS PARECEN . PARA ASTRONAUTAS: ¡ESTÁN POR LA ÓRBITA!, Sergio Sanahuja . ALGUIEN ESTÁ HACIENDO NEGOCIOS CON MI DISCAPACIDAD, Santos Cuadros . A CUESTAS CON EL LUJO DE MI DISCAPACIDAD , María Victoria. BENEFICIOS Y GASTOS EXTRA AL COMPRAR...

Juicio inquisitorial a la inquisición

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Abelardo Forero Benavides

1966-08-01

Full Text Available Llegó por fin el turno, dentro de las deliberaciones de las Cortes de Cádiz, al tema candente y quemante: La Inquisición. La corriente liberal tenía como meta eliminar un instituto, que había acompañado a España a lo largo de su historia y que había sido utilizado como argumento para combatirla a nombre de la reforma.

Los jefes de prensa

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Daniel Raffo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Los jefes de prensa son un emergente de la moderna tecnología aplicada al campo de las ciencias sociales, son voceros del presidente porque éste necesita estar conectado al trafico informativo cotidiano. Son también piezas clave en el juego de la política de un Estado. Pero en la práctica, muchas veces son solo los "mensajeros" del príncipe de turno. Deben ser leales y de absoluta confianza. Pero sin quebrantar la ética y su compromiso con el pueblo. Cita el caso del vocero de Menem.

Videojuegos trasladados al cine : análisis y caracterización de la narrativa audiovisual en ambos medios

OpenAIRE

Delgado Ponce, Águeda; Granados García, Francisco

2012-01-01

La tendencia, cada vez más creciente, de trasladar videojuegos a la gran pantalla, nos ha llevado a plantear una comparativa en torno a las similitudes y diferencias de la narrativa audiovisual presente tanto en los videojuegos como en sus adaptaciones cinematográficas. Con el objetivo de evidenciar las causas del bajo éxito comercial de los films frente a sus análogos. The trend of moving to the big screen gaming, growing, has led us to propose a comparison about the similarities and diff...

Protocolo de actuación preventiva para riesgo debido a alteraciones del ritmo circadiano en médicos de urgencias que trabajan en turnos de 24 horas Preventive action protocol for risk due to circadian rhythm disturbances in emergency physicians working in 24 hours shifts

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Loreto Fillat de Acosta

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La autora analiza la situación patológica de los médicos de urgencias con turnos de 24 horas que alteran el ritmo circadiano, el estudio describe las condiciones de trabajo que afectan el ritmo biológico sueño-vigilia y las tareas intelectuales y de habilidades mecánicas desempeñadas por este personal, los daños a prevenir (accidentes in itinere, accidentes por manipulación de material biológico, enfermedades somáticas y psíquicas y el riesgo para los pacientes. Se propone un protocolo de actuación preventiva que abarca la mayor parte del trabajo, cuándo actuar, revisión de recursos, actuaciones a realizar en una unidad de salud laboral y sistema de comunicación al resto del hospital, Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales y Sistema Nacional de Salud.The author analyzes the pathological situation concerning to emergency physicians with 24-hour shifts which disturb their circadian rhythms, the study describes the working conditions that affect the biological sleep-wake rhythm and intellectual tasks and mechanical skills performed by these staff, damage to be prevented (commuting accidents, accidents caused by handling of biological material, somatic and psychic diseases and the risk to patients. After that, it's developed a proposal of preventive action protocol covering most of the work and finally when to act, available resources and actions to be taken in an occupational health unit, in addition to the communication system to the rest of the hospital, Occupational and Hazard Preventive Service and the National Health System.

Temporada e turno de vocalização de Leptodactylus natalensis Lutz, 1930 (Amphibia, Anura na mata atlântica de Pernambuco, Brasil

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Fabiana Oliveira de Amorim

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A atividade de vocalização de uma população de Leptodactylus natalensis foi monitorada em uma poça temporária entre novembro/2002 e outubro/2004. A poça está situada em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica conhecido como Refúgio Ecológico Charles Darwin, município de Igarassu, Estado de Pernambuco. Os animais apresentaram-se ativos na maioria dos meses, apresentando picos na estação seca. A atividade de vocalização foi registrada durante o dia e a noite. Houve influência negativa e significativa entre a atividade vocal e a temperatura. O número de indivíduos vocalizando não foi significantemente afetado pela precipitação pluviométrica, mas o foi pelo número de fêmeas no ambiente. Verificou-se uma grande plasticidade na atividade de vocalização de L. natalensis durante a temporada e turno.Vocalizations of a population of Leptodactylus natalensis were monitored in a temporary pond from November 2002 to October 2004. This pond is located in a fragment of Atlantic rainforest belonging to the private Ecologic Refuge Charles Darwin, in the city of Igarassu, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Individuals were active during most of the studied months, with peaks of activity during dry season. Vocal activity was recorded both in day and nighttime. There was a significant negative effect of temperature on vocal activity. The number of individuals vocalizing was not affected significantly by rainfall, but it was by the number of females on the environment. A great plasticity of vocal activities of L. natalensis was verified, both in season and turn.

El relato corto en el cine. Literatura en 3-D: ‘Memento' de Christopher Nolan (2000

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David Caldevilla Domínguez

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} La narrativa literaria y la cinematográfica se erigen como dos lenguajes separados por la sustancia expresiva en la que se basan. En el caso de las adaptaciones literarias, estas diferencias se manifiestan otorgando una especial ventaja al cine ya que existen licencias expresivas imposibles para el texto. En el presente artículo se analiza una de las adaptaciones más sorprendentes, innovadoras y rupturantes de la historia del cine, ‘Memento’, que explota, como ninguna otra antes, la posibilidad de romper el hilo narrativo llamado convencional o lineal, para pasar a generar una trama en la que el espectador se erige en lecto-autor. Este tropo cinematográfico halla sus mejores capacidades de expresión en dos géneros (entendiendo género no sólo en su aspecto formal, sino en el temático tan antiguos como el cine mismo: el de ciencia-ficción y el negro, género este último al que pertenece la película analizada, elegida para mejor demostrar esas posibilidades que el cine ofrece a la literatura a través de las adaptaciones. El hecho de  que ‘Memento’ esté basada en un relato corto permite que, además, se consideren las ventajas que este tipo de relatos ofrece a los adaptadores-guionistas frente a los relatos largos como las novelas o las obras teatrales.

Planejamento de turnos de trabalho: uma abordagem no setor sucroalcooleiro com uso de simulação discreta Work shift planning: an approach to the sugarcane sector using discrete simulation

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João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da Silva

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do mundo, sendo responsável pela geração de 3 milhões de empregos em toda a sua cadeia de suprimentos. A alimentação constante das moendas durante o período de safra depende do bom gerenciamento das operações de corte, carregamento e transporte de cana-de-açúcar das fazendas para as usinas. A entrega de cana-de-açúcar deve ser garantida para que o risco de parada da produção industrial de açúcar e álcool seja evitado. Este trabalho foca o desenvolvimento e a utilização de um modelo de simulação discreta para a determinhação do sistema de turnos de trabalho dos operadores de equipamentos agrícolas de uma usina no Estado de São Paulo, considerando os requisitos de moagem, o risco da falta de matéria-prima e o limite permitido das jornadas de trabalho. Quatro cenários foram propostos para avaliação, sendo o primeiro com a troca de turnos unificada às 7 e às 19 horas; e os demais com a entrada em operação de uma das frentes de corte e carregamento com 2, 4 e 6 horas de defasagem em relação às demais frentes (escalonamento. O cenário com escalonamento de quatro horas de defasagem apresentou o melhor desempenho ao conciliar a entrega de cana, as jornadas de trabalho e o risco de desabastecimento. A discussão é focada no caso selecionado, mas estudos similares podem ser aplicados a outras usinas de açúcar e álcool ou a outros processos do setor sucroalcooleiro.Brazil is the world´s greatest producer of sugarcane generating 3 million jobs within its supply chain. The continuous feeding of sugarcane mills during the harvest season strongly depends on the good management of harvest and operations of loading and transporting the sugarcane from farms to mills. A guaranteed delivery of sugarcane must be developed to avoid the risk of stopping the production of sugar and alcohol. This study focuses on the development and use of a computer simulation model to evaluate

Relación entre salud y renuncia al empleo en trabajadoras de la industria maquiladora electrónica de Tijuana

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Guendelman Sylvia

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Analizar factores de salud, laborales y sociales que contribuyen a renunciar al trabajo en dos maquiladoras transnacionales del ramo electrónico de Tijuana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte a 725 mujeres empleadas en una planta japonesa y una estadunidense, entre enero de 1992 y marzo de 1994. La muestra se estratificó en dos intervalos de tiempo ­30 y >30 días laborados. Se efectuó un seguimiento de las mujeres hasta su renuncia o final del periodo de observación, mediante la recolección de información sobre variables de salud, sociales y ocupacionales de diversas fuentes de registro obtenidas de su centro de trabajo. Los motivos de renuncia y la confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos de los registros se estudiaron por medio de entrevistas de seguimiento realizadas a 46% (n= 148 de las trabajadoras que renunciaron y fueron localizadas aproximadamente 12 meses (desviación estándar= 6.7 después de su renuncia. RESULTADOS. La probabilidad acumulativa de renunciar al trabajo fue de 67% en el primer año y de 81% en el segundo. La ausencia de antecedentes laborales previos, turno diurno y nacionalidad de la compañía, resultaron factores predictivos para la renuncia al empleo durante los primeros 30 días. Tabaquismo, antecedentes quirúrgicos y haberse incapacitado por enfermedad general, después de controlar por otras variables, actuaron como factores predictivos para la renuncia posterior a 30 días. En contraposición, la tasa de renuncia posterior a 30 días resultó menor para mujeres con enfermedades crónicas. CONCLUSIONES. La renuncia al empleo en las maquiladoras es elevada y selectiva; en tanto que los factores ocupacionales se asociaron con la renuncia temprana, los relacionados con la salud fueron mejores factores predictivos para la renuncia posterior a los primeros 30 días.

Análisis de las adaptaciones agudas al entrenamiento de fuerza máxima mediante el estudio de las modificaciones del rendimiento mecánico del tren superior

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Eliseo Iglesias Soler

2007-03-01

Full Text Available El propósito del presente trabajo fue valorar el efecto agudo de dos sesiones de fuerza máxima sobre el rendimiento mecánico inmediatamente posterior. En 10 sujetos varones se obtuvieron las cargas correspondientes a una repetición máxima (1RM y a la máxima potencia en la ejecución concéntrica de press banca. Cinco días más tarde se realizaron dos sesiones de entrenamiento. En cada una se llevaron a cabo 6 series de 2 repeticiones de press banca concéntrico, al 90 % de 1RM, con pausas mínimas de 3'. Antes e inmediatamente después de cada sesión se midió la potencia desarrollada, tanto con la carga de máxima potencia como con el 90 % de 1RM. El análisis de los resultados no reflejó diferencias significativas en el rendimiento con cargas de máxima potencia. Con el 90 % disminuyó de forma significativa (p < 0,05 al final de la segunda sesión. No se halló correlación significativa entre 1RM y las diferencias entre los valores finales e iniciales con las cargas de máxima potencia individual. La correlación fue significativa entre 1RM y las diferencias entre la potencia final e inicial al 90 % de 1RM en la primera sesión, tanto en valores reales como porcentuales (r = –0,631 y r = –0,678 respectivamente

Disputas Y Adaptaciones En Torno Al Uso De Los Recursos En La Reserva De La Biosfera “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz (México

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Emilia Velázquez Hernández

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Entre 1982 y el año 2000 el Estado mexicano estableció un importante dispositivo institucional que incluyó la elaboración de leyes y la creación de dependencias gubernamentales con la finalidad de proteger el medio ambiente y fomentar el desarrollo local y regional. El Estado adquirió así un papel relevante en el establecimiento de una nueva gobernanza con relación al uso de los recursos naturales, pero ¿cuál ha sido el papel que las poblaciones locales han jugado en la construcción de la actual gobernanza ambiental?, ¿y cuáles han sido los mecanismos utilizados para impugnar o aprovechar la normatividad ambiental estatal? Este artículo busca responder a estas preguntas a partir de tres estudios de caso realizados en un área natural protegida al sur de México, con la intención de develar cómo en la práctica se adoptan, reformulan, o evaden las políticas de conservación.  Palabras clave: recursos naturales, áreas naturales protegidas, normatividad estatal, respuestas locales.  *** Abstract: Between 1982 and 2000 the mexican state created an important legal and administrative structure for the environmental protection as well as the local and regional development. In this way, the state acquired a relevant rol in the creation of a new governance related to the use and management of natural resources, but ¿which has been the rol that local people has played in the construction of this governance ?, and ¿what mecahisms the people has used for contest or take advantage of the institutions and laws related wiht the environmental matter. This article examines these questions in relation to three case studies carried out in The Biosphere Reserve « Los Tuxtlas », in the souht of Mexico. Key Words: natural resources, protected natural areas, state environmental regulations, local answers. *** Resumo: Entre 1982 e o ano de 2000 o Estado mexicano estabeleceu um importante dispositivo institucional que incluiu a

Using Voter-choice Modeling to Plan Final Campaigns in Runoff Elections

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Wagner Antonio Kamakura

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Embora a eleição em dois estágios seja a forma mais comum de eleição presidencial no mundo, o comportamento do eleitor no pleito em dois estágios ainda não recebeu uma atenção condizente à que merece na literatura. Eleições em dois estágios ou turnos oferecem, aos consultores políticos e aos candidatos, dados ricos e factuais sobre a preferência do eleitor, revelada através do comportamento deste observado no primeiro turno, que pode guiar o planejamento e a implementação da campanha final. Essas eleições em dois turnos também permitem que analistas políticos apliquem seus modelos de escolha eleitoral ao comportamento real (ao invés da intenção de voto numa eleição multipartidária, e validem suas previsões na eleição bipartidária do segundo turno. Nesse estudo, utilizo os resultados das quatro eleições presidenciais mais recentes no Brasil para demonstrar como modelos de escolha do eleitor podem ser aplicados para guiar a campanha política em eleições de dois turnos.

Los derechos de la personalidad en búsqueda de un modelo: La responsabilidad civil

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Patrice Jourdain

2011-06-01

civil para garantizar la sanción de las lesiones a la personalidad; con lo cual reconoció, al menos indirecta o implícitamente, la existencia de verdaderos “derechos de la personalidad”, y a su turno, produjo de algún modo una inflexión de las reglas del instituto de la responsabilidad civil. Sin embargo, desde hace una década, la jurisprudencia francesa parece haber pasado a una nueva etapa, al conferirle autonomía a la acción dirigida a sancionar las lesiones a tales derechos. El presente artículo busca determinar el alcance y los límites de dicha autonomía.

El espacio de vida y trabajo transnacional mixteco: la relación del capital y la mano de obra migrante indígena

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Julio Morales López

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se analiza el espacio cotidiano laboral y de residencia de una comunidad indígena transnacional, dispersa entre México y Estados Unidos. Esta comunidad ha expandido los sistemas de organización aún más allá de los límites del Estado-nación. Y en su proceder los sujetos funcionan como mano de obra flexible al servicio del actual modo de producción agroindustrial llamado “justo a tiempo”, enfrentándose al capital en turno con una identidad étnico-comunal. La investigación se desarrolla mediante una etnografía transnacional multilocal.

Structure of claws and toes of two tropidurid lizard species of Restinga from Southeastern Brazil: adaptations to the vertical use of the habitat Estructura de garras y dedos en dos lagartos tropidúridos de Restinga, sureste de Brasil: adaptaciones al uso vertical del hábitat

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Sueli Carvalho Ribas

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Tropidurus torquatus and Liolaemus lutzae, found in a restinga habitat, show some morphological differences associated with differential microhabitats use. There were made measurements of the snout-vent length, length and width of the largest toe of hand and foot, and length, width, height and curvature of the claws. We counted the number of adhesive lamellae of the largest toe of each member. T. torquatus has larger toes, greater number of adhesive lamellae and higher and more curve claws than L. lutzae. No significant differences in toe and claw widths were found. These results suggest that the differences found in the morphology of toes and claws of these two species would be associated with the differential microhabitat use. T. torquatus has morphological adaptations that allow it to use the microhabitat both vertically or horizontally, while L. lutzae use it only horizontallyTropidurus torquatus y Liolaemus lutzae hallados en un hábitat de restinga, muestran algunas diferencias morfológicas asociadas a el uso diferencial de microhábitats. Se realizaron mediciones de la longitud "snout-vent", longitud y ancho del dedo mayor de la mano y el pie y, longitud, ancho, altura y curvatura de las garras. Se contó el número de lamelas adhesivas del dedo mayor de cada miembro. T. torquatus posee dedos más grandes, mayor número de lamelas adhesivas y garras más altas y curvadas que L. lutzae. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en los anchos de dedos y garras. Estos resultados sugieren que las diferencias encontradas en la morfología de dedos y garras de estas dos especies estarían asociadas con el uso diferencial del microhábitat. T. torquatus posee adaptaciones que le permiten utilizar el microhábitat tanto vertical como horizontalmente, mientras que L. lutzae solamente lo utiliza en forma horizontal

Comunicación organizacional: InMINENTES conexiones para la transición

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Renato Dias Baptista

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Los integrantes de las organizaciones deben estar dispuestos al cambio y a adaptaciones constantes, pues solo así, la información y la comprensión del mundo actualizarán y reinventarán la institución. Este cambio debe garantizar la capacidad del aprendizaje cognitivo, incorporar nuevos conceptos de trabajo, transmitir la cultura y la lengua con sus significados, gestionar la reducción de los niveles y abarcar toda extensión verbal y no verbal.

Control de la carga de entrenamiento en el ciclismo

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Cragnulini, Franco Emmanuel

2013-01-01

El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es describir cuales son los indicadores que permiten cuantificar la carga de entrenamiento en el ciclismo. La cuantificación de la carga de entrenamiento es de suma importancia si se pretende analizar y establecer relaciones de causa-efecto entre el trabajo realizado y las adaptaciones fisiológicas provocadas. Entre los más utilizados podemos resaltar al índice de esfuerzo percibido, la frecuencia cardiaca y la producción de potencia. Comprend...

Cine y literatura: narrativa de la identidad

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Román, Alejandra Laverde; Parra, Martha Ligia

2010-01-01

Este artículo es resultado de la investigación La narrativa literaria y audiovisual enla construcción de la identidad cultural colombiana. Una mirada desde el cine y laliteratura: adaptaciones de obras literarias llevadas al cine entre 1920 y 2008-1.En el presente texto se desarrolla un análisis de la relación de cine y literatura enla construcción de la identidad colombiana, a partir del rastreo bibliográfico de lacrítica y las historias literarias y cinematográficas a un corpus seleccionado...

ARTICULACIÓN POLÍTICA Y ETNOGÉNESIS EN LOS VALLES CALCHAQUÍES. LOS PULARES DURANTE LOS SIGLOS XVII Y XVIII

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Juan Ignacio Quinti\\u00E1n

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo propone una revisión crítica de la documentación sobre la formación de la frontera Calchaquí donde los pulares desarrollaron adaptaciones y resistencias particulares que los habilitaron para integrarse al orden colonial en condiciones ventajosas. Durante el siglo XVIII, el acceso de los pulares a la justicia colonial como estrategia les permitió mantener el control de sus tierras y la reproducción social de algunos de sus pueblos dentro del orden colonial.

Endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia

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Pacheco Romero, José

2013-01-01

Desconocemos aún la etiología de la preeclampsia, pero ahora sabemos que no es sólo una hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, sino que existe interacción entre una perfusión placentaria disminuida y la alteración en la función endotelial materna, probablemente por razones inmunológicas de rechazo parcial a la placentación normal. La contribución materna es de factores que anteceden al embarazo, influenciados por las adaptaciones metabólicas usuales. No existe un gen único que pueda explicar ...

Determinación de la cinética del daño en el ADN de leucocitos de sangre periférica en equinos sometidos a esfuerzo físico de alta intensidad

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Muriel, Marcos Germán

2016-01-01

El caballo es un atleta desde su nacimiento y sus órganos están preparados para tal fin. La capacidad atlética de los caballos es atribuible a un número de adaptaciones fisiológicas, que en algunos casos no son afectadas por el entrenamiento como por ejemplo, el tamaño pulmonar, mientras que otros cambian en respuesta al mismo, como por ejemplo el volumen sanguíneo. Durante el ejercicio numerosas acciones fisiológicas se ven forzadas a niveles muchas veces alarmantes y se generan numerosas va...

ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS EMERGENTES: EL TURNO DEL VIRUS DEL ZIKA

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Carlos Arturo Álvarez Moreno

2016-04-01

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Las enfermedades causadas por microorganismos han amenazado la salud del hombre por siglos y dependiendo de su forma de transmisión, pueden diseminarse algunas de una forma más rápida que otras. En general aquellas que se transmiten de personas y solo por contacto o por el aire son más difíciles de controlar. A continuación, me limito a describir solo algunos ejemplos de epidemias que han ocurrido a través de la historia humana y que probablemente por su impacto sobre la humanidad son más conocidas.

La plaga, muerte negra o peste bubónica, la enfermedad causada por una bacteria, la Y. pestis, conocida desde la época de los griegos y romanos, se hizo famosa por la pandemia al final de la edad medieval (siglos XIV pero posteriormente se presentaron otras nueve pandemias, registrándose la última en 1720. Estas pandemias causaron la muerte de al menos 25 millones de personas (20- 25% de la población europea de ese entonces y contrario a lo que se piensa, todavía se siguen presentado casos en muchas partes del mundo. Esta pandemia no solo tuvo gran impacto en el sistema de salud, sino que cambió los comportamientos humanos, incluyendo los destierros, la aplicación de las cuarentenas e incluso fue un tema repetido de pintores y escritores relacionándola con la muerte, o dedicados a San Roque, protector contra la peste; cuadros como el del pintor flamenco Pieter Breughel, El triunfo de la muerte, o publicaciones como El Decamerón, El flautista de Hamelin y más recientemente la epidemia en Argel de 1965, que inspiró a Albert Camus para su novela La peste.

Otras epidemias famosas han sido causadas por el cólera o cólera nostras o bisuchika mordexim, causada por una bacteria llamada Vibrio cholerae de la cual se tiene noticias de una epidemia en 1503 que afectó a la población asiática. En el siglo XIX se extendió por toda Europa y fue una causa recurrente de mortalidad. Sin embargo, esta enfermedad no desapareci

LA LICENCIA AMBIENTAL: ¿INSTRUMENTO DE COMANDO Y CONTROL POR EXCEPCIÓN?

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Sleman-Chams, Juliette; Velásquez-Muñoz, Carlos Javier

2016-01-01

Este artículo analiza la realidad del principal instrumento de comando y control existente en la legislación ambiental colombiana: la licencia ambiental. Desde su primera reglamentación, por cuenta del Decreto 1753 de 1994, ha recibido varias modificaciones que al parecer, a pesar de su importancia, la han convertido en instrumento de utilización excepcional. El artículo profundiza en el alcance de cada una de las modificaciones realizadas, y las justificaciones dadas por el gobierno de turno...

La historia iconográfica del escudo de armas del Ecuador en el siglo XIX

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Sosa Freire, Rex Típton

2011-01-01

A lo largo del siglo XIX, concretamente desde 1830, el país requirió de un símbolo identificatorio que lo identifique del resto de las naciones del continente. El estudio analiza el proceso de configuración del escudo de armas del Ecuador caracterizado por las constantes transformaciones que se instrumentalizaron al calor de los acontecimientos políticos de los regímenes de turno así como de las influencias de los escudos de la naciones vecinas. Tras las respectivas descripcion...

De la “maldición de la basura” y restricciones institucionales: una evaluación ambiental ex ante al desperdicio nortecaucano

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Cortés Landázury, Raúl; Santander Caicedo, Luisa María

2012-01-01

En el análisis de la brecha entre anhelos y realizaciones en materia de desarrollo sostenible en América latina, la mayoría de los argumentos se inclinan por interpretaciones de corte económico ortodoxo. Sin embargo, si se consideran los problemas ambientales anteriores e independientes del paradigma económico de turno, las razones para la persistencia y universalidad de estos fenómenos no deben buscarse meramente en este tipo de dimensión. Tal es el caso de la disposición final de residuos s...

Bases para una interpretación tipológica de la vivienda rural introducida en la Patagonia Suroccidental desde el fenómeno de sus adaptaciones al clima

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Juan Pablo Fernández Goycoolea

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Se postula que durante ciertas etapas del desarrollo rural de la Patagonia suroccidental ocurrió un proceso de mixtura y adaptación de tradiciones culturales y constructivas diversas, que dio como resultado una arquitectura introducida pero adaptada al territorio, la que se concreta, particularmente, a través de las relaciones entre los recintos que conforman la vivienda y los que definen su vinculación con el contexto climático. Entre estos últimos, destaca la importancia de los elementos perimetrales, dado su potencial de adaptación al clima local. Se reconoce, asimismo, determinadas organizaciones espaciales que ayudaron a la constitución de una identidad arquitectónica en el contexto de estudio, y se enfatiza en los procesos adaptativos que se desarrollaron en virtud de la condición rural de las viviendas analizadas para relacionarse con el ambiente en su dimensión climática. Se sostiene, finalmente, que esta interpretación permite complementar la valorización del patrimonio arquitectónico, en función de los hábitos de uso relacionados con la condición térmica de las viviendas, antes que por la sola catalogación estética o figurativa.

Shiftworking families: parents' working schedule and sleep patterns of adolescents attending school in two shifts

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Biserka Radoševic-Vidacek

2004-12-01

período da manhã e da tarde em semanas alternadas. Participaram do estudo 1.386 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio (idades de 11-18 anos cujos pais trabalhavam fora. Os dados foram analisados usando-se MANOVA, sendo o horário de trabalho dos pais, sexo dos adolescentes e tipo de escola os fatores intra-sujeitos. RESULTADOS: O horário de trabalho dos pais apresentou interferência significativa nos padrões de sono de adolescentes do ensino médio. Quando freqüentavam a escola pela manhã, os adolescentes cujos pais trabalhavam no período diurno levantavam-se um pouco mais tarde do que os adolescentes cujo pai ou mãe trabalhava em turnos. Além disso, eles dormiam mais do que os adolescentes cujos pais trabalhavam em turnos. Nos fins de semana, os adolescentes cujos pais trabalhavam no período diurno iam dormir mais cedo do que os adolescentes cujos pais trabalhavam em turnos. Também apresentaram um atraso menor no horário de dormir nos fins de semana depois da escola tanto no período da manhã quanto da tarde comparados aos adolescentes em que o pai ou a mãe ou ambos trabalhavam em turnos. Verificou-se uma interação significativa entre o horário de trabalho dos pais, sexo dos adolescentes e tipo de escola e a duração do sono nos fins de semana depois da escola no período da tarde. CONCLUSÕES:A ocupação dos pais no trabalho em turnos exerce efeitos negativos no sono de adolescentes do ensino médio, contribuindo para um horário de levantar mais cedo e um período de sono mais curto durante a semana quando os adolescentes freqüentam a escola pela manhã, além de uma maior irregularidade na hora de dormir.

Análisis de la política sexual y reproductiva frente al embarazo en adolescentes estudio de caso: Bogotá D. C.

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Álvarez Cely Diana Xiomara

2017-01-01

A pesar de la infinidad de estudios realizados sobre embarazo en adolescentes, la solución a este problema se ha convertido no solo en un reto para los estudiosos del tema sino del mismo modo constituye una de las grandes metas para las administraciones de turno en Bogotá y de países en vía de desarrollo, los cuales han venido sosteniendo una lucha permanente para enfrentar, uno de los flagelos que hace de su población una sociedad vulnerable a la pobreza y la desigualdad. Es importa...

Minimizar el Tiempo de Reinscripción Mediante un Sistema de Simulación de un Modelo de Líneas de Espera

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Ma. Elena Chávez López; Alejandra Espinosa Guzmán

2004-01-01

Este proyecto de investigación descriptiva se llevó a cabo en el Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, en el Proceso de Reinscripciones que se realizan cada semestre. Cuando el alumno llega al lugar donde se efectúan las inscripciones, tiene que hacer una fila y esperar su turno que generalmente es por tiempo prolongado donde la mayoría de las veces se presenta un cuello de botella, generándose desorden y ruido. El objetivo de este proyecto es diseñar y evaluar un ...

Cruce de miradas sobre Lepa Vida (Hermosa Vida

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Barbara Pregelj

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Los eslovenos tenemos varios héroes míticos marcados por la experiencia de la interculturalidad: el buen soberano Kralj Matjaž (el Rey Matías que duerme bajo el monte de Peca, esperando a que le crezca lo suficientemente la barba para poder entrar en acción; Martin Krpan, hombre fuerte como un roble que liberó Viena del mal y a cambio consiguió un permiso especial para traficar con sal; Peter Klepec, un chico humilde que compartía con los demás su fuerza; y Lepa Vida (Hermosa Vida, la joven madre que por engaño abandona a su hijo y su hogar para viajar en barco al extranjero. Todos ellos tienen origen en el bagaje cultural popular y todos ellos posteriormente han sido objeto de nuevas y distintas adaptaciones artísticas. Entre las adaptaciones literarias por frecuencia sobresale Hermosa Vida, que a su vez ha tenido eco (aunque mucho menor en la pintura: sobresale la obra de Maksim Gaspari, y la obra de Marko Kociper (2010 en cómic ‒recogida en una de las versiones literarias más recientes, Hermosa Vida en acción de Andrej Rozman Roza.

Cine y literatura: Narrativa de la identidad

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Laverde Román, Alejandra; Parra, Martha Ligia; Montoya Giraldo, Alejandra; Uribe Alzate, Yennifer; Tobar Álvarez, Margarita

2010-01-01

Este artículo es resultado de la investigación La narrativa literaria y audiovisual en la construcción de la identidad cultural colombiana. Una mirada desde el cine y la literatura: adaptaciones de obras literarias llevadas al cine entre 1920 y 2008-1. En el presente texto se desarrolla un análisis de la relación de cine y literatura en la construcción de la identidad colombiana, a partir del rastreo bibliográfico de la crítica y las historias literarias y cinematográficas a un corpus selecci...

Una Revisión Sistemática en los Marcos de Trabajo de Desarrollo Software en las MiPyMEs Productoras de Software

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Antonio A. Aguileta; Grisel B. Ancona; Edwin J. León; Juan P. Ucán

2015-01-01

Una revisión sistemática es considerada como un método o protocolo que permite sintetizar investigaciones científicas de diversas áreas, la Ingeniería de Software no es la excepción. En este artículo se presenta este protocolo aplicado en la búsqueda de publicaciones relacionadas con las adaptaciones a los marcos de trabajo de desarrollo de software llevadas a cabo en MiPyMEs desarrolladoras de software, en el período comprendido de 1995 al 2013, centrándose en tendencias, países y sectores q...

La inclusión en el aula ordinaria de un alumno con discapacidad motora

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Herrero Rubio, Carmen

2014-01-01

Este trabajo pretende ser una guía de actuación ante la incorporación al centro escolar de un niño con discapacidad motora. Para ello he partido de tres premisas: en 1º lugar dar a conocer en profundidad las características de un alumno con discapacidad motora y en este caso concreto, con parálisis cerebral. A continuación he mostrado las necesidades educativas que presenta este tipo de alumnos, desde adaptaciones a nivel físico como la eliminación de las barreras arquitectónicas, de tipo so...

Os benefícios interacionais do uso do discurso reportado direto por uma pessoa com afasia

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Mônika Miranda Oliveira

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetiva investigar os benefícios interacionais do uso do discurso reportado direto por uma pessoa com afasia, fundamentando-se em abordagens interacionais em linguística (Tannen, 1989; Schely-Newman, 2009 e afasia (Hengst et al., 2005; Wilkinson et. al, 2010. A análise dos dados de fala revela: construção de enunciados inteligíveis, turnos sem atraso e narrativas; inclusão da fala de personagens ausentes na interação; polidez; e gerenciamento da comunicação. Conclui-se que tais benefícios interacionais poderiam não ser alcançados sem o uso do discurso reportado direto devido às limitações impostas pela afasia.

Quality of life, life satisfaction and happiness in shift- and non-shiftworkers

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Lipovcan LJ Kaliterna

2004-12-01

diurnos (N=207, e outros não trabalhavam em turnos (N=1.210. O questionário da pesquisa foi enviado por correio e a taxa de resposta foi de 86%. Para o estudo, foram selecionadas variáveis incluídas no Perfil de Qualidade de Vida, que mede a importância, satisfação, controle e oportunidades em nove domínios da vida, além de medir a felicidade, satisfação pessoal e exigências do trabalho. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com os trabalhadores que não trabalham em turnos, ambos os grupos de trabalhadores em turnos informaram precisar fazer um esforço físico maior para completar o trabalho e "sentir" um cansaço físico maior. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças nos relatos de felicidade global, satisfação pessoal e qualidade global de vida. Os trabalhadores de turnos noturnos relataram, no entanto, passar um maior tempo infelizes em relação aos outros dois grupos de trabalhadores. As análises de qualidade de vida revelaram que os trabalhadores de turnos noturnos sentiam-se menos satisfeitos nos domínios de "ser" espiritual e "pertinência" física e comunitária que os trabalhadores diurnos e os que não trabalhavam em turnos. Também informaram ter menos oportunidades de aperfeiçoar o seu "ser" físico, lazer e crescimento pessoal em comparação com os outros dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade de vida em domínios específicos em trabalhadores noturnos foi classificada como pior do que em outros grupos de trabalhadores. A qualidade de vida baseada em domínios proporciona maiores informações relativas às necessidades particulares dos trabalhadores se comparada a medidas globais do bem-estar.

La atención a la diversidad y las adaptaciones curriculares en la normativa española

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Grau Rubio, Claudia; Fernández Hawrylak, María

2008-01-01

El término adaptación curricular se introduce en España con la L.O.G.S.E. (1990) y tiene su base en el informe Warnock. Sustituye al P.D.I. (Programa de Desarrollo Individual) utilizado desde el Plan Nacional de la Educación Especial (1978). La adaptación curricular, como ¿adaptación de la enseñanza¿ tiene como objetivo adecuarla a las peculiaridades y necesidades de cada alumno. La adaptación se realiza desde un currículo común y flexible, y es un concepto ligado al de atención a la diversid...

Can varying the number of teams in a shift schedule constitute a preventive strategy?

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Hans Jeppe Jeppesen

2004-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The study examines the implications for shiftworkers of applying different numbers of teams in the organization of shiftwork. METHODS: The participating operators came from five different companies applying continuous shift rotation systems. The companies shared the same product organization and a common corporate culture belonging to the same multinational company. Each company had a shift system consisting of four, five or six teams, with the proportion of shifts outside day work decreasing as the number of teams increased. Questionnaire and documentary data were used as data sources. RESULTS: Operators in systems with additional teams had more daywork but also more irregular working hours due to both overtime and schedule changes. Operators using six teams used fewer social compensation strategies. Operators in four teams were most satisfied with their work hours. Satisfaction with the time available for various social activities outside work varied inconsistently between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In rotating systems the application of more teams reduces the number of shifts outside day work. This apparent improvement for shiftworkers was counteracted by a concomitant irregularity produced by greater organizational requirements for flexibility. The balance of this interaction was found to have a critical impact on employees.OBJETIVOS: Investigar as implicações para trabalhadores em turnos do uso de um número distinto de turmas de trabalho na organização dos turnos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo operadores de cinco empresas que usavam sistemas contínuos de turnos alternantes. As empresas tinham em comum a organização de produtos e cultura empresarial e pertenciam a uma mesma empresa multinacional. Cada uma das empresas tinha um sistema de turnos que compreendia quatro, cinco ou seis turmas de trabalho, sendo que a proporção de turnos fora dos horários diurnos diminuía à medida que aumentava o número de turmas. Foram

A luz alem da visão : iluminação e sua relação com a saude e bem-estar de funcionarias de lojas de rua e de shopping centers em Porto Alegre

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Betina Tschiedel Martau

2009-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho aborda os impactos nao visuais da exposicao humana a luz tentandorelacionar a qualidade da iluminacao a saude e bem-estar das funcionarias de lojas. A amostrado estudo transversal foi definida aleatoriamente, com a participacao de mulheres voluntarias.Foram selecionados tres grupos com dez participantes em cada: lojas de rua com contato comexterior e turno de trabalho diurno (9h as18h), lojas de shopping centers sem janelas para oexterior com turno de trabalho diurno (10...

A CRFB/88 e o problema da duração do trabalho em turnos ininterruptos de revezamento: identificando as contradições político-jurídicas da intervenção estatal no sistema brasileiro de relações de trabalho

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Luiz Felipe Monsores de Assumpção

2016-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho em turnos ininterruptos de revezamento foi sensivelmente reconfigurado a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. A novidade ficou por conta da garantia de uma jornada de trabalho reduzida (seis horas a todos aqueles submetidos a tal regime. Sempre se acreditou que a jornada reduzida prevista no inciso XIV do art. 7º, da CF/88, se devia a uma condição de trabalho ainda mais perversa que o trabalho noturno. Contudo, a análise da produção regulatória brasileira dá conta de um processo prenhe de paradoxos, pondo em xeque alguns dos mais sensíveis dogmas vinculados ao princípio de proteção; neste caso, a limitação da duração do trabalho. Nesse sentido, a constitucionalização dos direitos trabalhistas alonga os conflitos no interior do próprio sistema jurídico brasileiro, gerando uma disputa pela melhor interpretação constitucional, como forma de solucionar importantes antinomias. Em especial, a saliente questão acerca dos limites impostos à autonomia negocial coletiva.

La formación y las organizaciones. Los Acuerdos Nacionales de Formación Continua

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ISABEL DE LA TORRE

1997-01-01

Full Text Available el articulo parte de una reflexion inicial sobre los conceptos de educacion, formacion y aprendizaje, considerandolos recursos fundamentales para hacer frente a las exigencias de adaptacion y cambio en la actual sociedad del conocimiento y de la informacion. una adaptacion imprescindible en las organizaciones, ya que sus estructuras cada vez requieren mayor flexibilidad y, en consecuencia, una adecuacion de los hombres y mujeres que las integran. la adaptacion es posible cuando las personas disponen de una educacion y formacion basica y continuada, que les permite interpretar los cambios, ofrecer respuestas creativas y participar en las propuestas de accion. hacer posible la formacion permanente es el resultado de la adopcion de una actuacion concreta. en la sociedad española se ha establecido un modelo de formacion continuada que tiene unas peculiaridades de especial interes. la adopcion de este modelo es fruto del acuerdo entre los principales representantes de los agentes sociales, materializado en la firma de un primer acuerdo en 1992 y de un segundo acuerdo en 1996.

Herramienta para el cálculo de personal de cuidado intensivo neonatal

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Juan Guillermo Rojas

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La gestión del cuidado de enfermería supone la utilización de métodos y herramientas que de manera práctica permitan una aproximación a las necesidades de cuidado de los pacientes y ayuden a planear los requerimientos humanos y técnicos para tal fin. Objetivo: identificar la utilidad del Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS en el cálculo de personal de enfermería en la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCIN e intermedio neonatal (UCEN de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (CUB en Medellín, Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado durante el mes de abril de 2007. La población estuvo conformada por los neonatos ingresados y hospitalizados en la UCIN y UCEN, para lo que fue necesario aplicar el instrumento al final de cada turno. Se calculó una muestra de 384 instrumentos (proporción desconocida y un intervalo de confianza de 0,5. La consistencia interna del instrumento se determinó con el alfa de Cronbach (0,8. Resultados: se recolectaron 425 instrumentos diligenciados de 22 neonatos. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron las de tipo respiratorio. El puntaje total de los NTISS analizados fue de 5.200 puntos, con un promedio de 12,3, equivalentes a 123 minutos de trabajo de enfermería por turno de 6 horas. Del total de intervenciones el 62% están asignadas a las enfermeras, el 22% a las auxiliares de enfermería y el 16% a terapia respiratoria. Se calculó el requerimiento de 4 enfermeras por turno en la UCIN y UCEN. Conclusiones: el NTISS es útil para la asignación y el cálculo del personal de enfermería y contribuye a mejorar los procesos de gestión del cuidado.

Trabalho noturno e o novo papel paterno: uma interface difícil

OpenAIRE

Cia, Fabiana; Barham, Elizabeth Joan

2008-01-01

Aumentou a demanda por trabalhadores noturnos, ao mesmo tempo em que o papel masculino familiar se ampliou. Neste estudo, objetivou-se comparar as condições de trabalho, o bem-estar pessoal e o envolvimento familiar entre pais dos turnos diurno (n=36) e noturno (n=22), que preencheram um questionário composto por diferentes escalas. Comparados aos trabalhadores do turno diurno, os do noturno relataram ter maior apoio dos colegas de trabalho e dos supervisores, maior satisfação quanto aos bene...

Disfunción endotelial en la preeclampsia

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José Pacheco Romero

2003-03-01

Full Text Available Desconocemos aún la etiología de la preeclampsia, pero ahora sabemos que no es sólo una hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, sino que existe interacción entre una perfusión placentaria disminuida y la alteración en la función endotelial materna, probablemente por razones inmunológicas de rechazo parcial a la placentación normal. La contribución materna es de factores que anteceden al embarazo, influenciados por las adaptaciones metabólicas usuales. No existe un gen único que pueda explicar la preeclampsia, pero conocer la predisposición materna permite prevenir la preeclampsia en un grupo de mujeres.

Riesgo de cáncer de mama en trabajadoras de turno nocturno Breast cancer risk in night female workers

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Francisco Javier Fresneda Moreno

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Los estudios epidemiológicos más recientes a nivel mundial han puesto de manifiesto una asociación entre el trabajo nocturno (15-20% de los trabajadores y un aumento del riesgo de cáncer de mama, siendo esta, una patología de gran prevalencia y la primera causa de neoplasia en el sexo femenino. En el año 2007, la IARC consideró el trabajo nocturno como probable cancerígeno (categoría 2A. Los turnos nocturnos producen una disrupción del ritmo circadiano. La exposición a la luz artificial nocturna inhibe la síntesis de melatonina aumentando el estímulo estrogénico, e inhibiendo el efecto antimitótico, antiangiogénico y antioxidante de esta hormona, aumentando así el riesgo tumoral. Los objetivos son: identificar la evidencia científica existente entre la asociación trabajo nocturno y cáncer de mama, los factores intrínsecos/extrínsecos que pueden modificar la asociación causal, conocer desde el punto de vista científico la sostenibilidad de la melatonina en la chrono-disrupción y los factores de vulnerabilidad. Se ha realizado la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos publicados entre 2006-diciembre 2012 (exceptuando un meta-análisis del 2005, en las siguientes bases datos: Medline, Wok, Lilacs, OSH, IBECS, Cochrane, Scopus y Embase. Se seleccionaron por nivel de evidencia y criterios de inclusión-exclusión un total de 15 artículos. Se sugiere la existencia de una asociación no concluyente entre el riesgo de cáncer de mama y trabajo nocturno, por lo que se deben seguir realizando estudios más precisos en diferentes tipos de profesiones, etnias, minimizando la posibilidad de sesgos.Recent epidemiological studies worldwide have shown an association between night shift (15-20% of workers and an increased risk of breast cancer, this being a highly prevalent disease and the leading cause of neoplasia in women. In 2007, the IARC considered night shift as a probable carcinogen (category 2A. Night shifts produce a circadian

Revisión de investigaciones recientes sobre la aplicación de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem al Child Behavior Checklist Revision of recent investigations about the application of Item Response Theory to the Child Behavior Checklist

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Facundo Juan Pablo Abal

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL es un formulario que permite registrar problemas comportamentales y competencias sociales de niños y adolescentes. Si bien se construyó desde el enfoque clásico de la Teoría de los Test, investigaciones recientes mostraron la utilidad de aplicar la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI para modelizar las variables del CBCL. El desarrollo de este trabajo revisa las consideraciones que se vieron obligados a tomar los respectivos autores para cumplir con las exigencias de los modelos de la TRI. Se describe la información que brindan las Curvas Características de los Ítems y cómo su análisis podría contribuir para optimizar el tiempo de administración del CBCL. Asimismo, se sintetizan los resultados alcanzados en relación con el estudio de la invarianza de las medidas obtenidas a través de adaptaciones transculturales de este formulario.The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL is a questionnaire that allows the assessment of behavioral problems and social competences of children and adolescents. Although it was developed on the basis of the classical approach of the Test Theory, recent investigations have revealed the usefulness of applying the Item Response Theory (IRT to model the variables of CBCL. This paper revises the considerations made by the respective authors in order to meet the demands of the IRT models. The information provided by the Characteristic Curves of Items is described as well as the manner in which the analysis thereof might contribute to optimize the administration period of CBCL. Furthermore, the invariance of the measures obtained through transcultural adaptations of this questionnaire is analyzed and the results are summarized.

OF THE COMMON GOOD TO THE COMMON GOOD OF HUMANITY. DE LOS BIENES COMUNES AL BIEN COMÚN DE LA HUMANIDAD.

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François Houtart.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available There is no place in the world, where a deep discomfort manifests against the increase of the social gaps, to the disrespect for justice, to the unemployment of young people, the abuse of power, and the destruction of nature. A new wave of social movements has been developed. The social forums allowed its globalization. A collective social conscience grows: we cannot continue like this. The kind of economic development that we go thorough today, with its political, psychological, and cultural consequences is the source of the imbalances. At the same time, the need for solutions is essential urgently. It is time to consider new directions and not only adaptations. Gathering forces to act and to think for this purpose, is a priority. This is why, along with the initiative of the Referendum on the water (one of the Common Good in Italy, the Rosa Luxembourg Foundation made the decision to organize a Conference on the concept of the Common Good of Humanity, to promote a reflection on the links between the two concepts and to integrate the demands and social struggles for a change of society, scenario in which this article is framed. RESUMEN: No hay lugar en el mundo, donde un profundo malestar se manifiesta frente al aumento de las brechas sociales, al irrespeto a la justicia, al desempleo de los jóvenes, a los abusos de poder, a la destrucción de la naturaleza. Una nueva ola de movimientos sociales se ha desarrollado. Los Foros sociales permitieron su globalización. Una conciencia social colectiva crece: no se puede seguir así. El tipo de desarrollo económico que vivimos actualmente, con sus consecuencias políticas, culturales y sicológicas, es el origen de los desequilibrios. Al mismo tiempo, la necesidad de soluciones se impone de manera urgente. Es el momento de plantear nuevas orientaciones y no solamente adaptaciones. Reunir fuerzas para actuar y pensar por este fin, es una prioridad. Es por esto que, junto a la iniciativa del Refer

Climate change and climate variability impacts on rainfed agricultural activities and possible adaptation measures. A Mexican case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conde, C.; Ferrer, R. [Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Circuito Exterior, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: e-mail: conde@servidor.unam.mx; Orozco, S. [Escuela de Agrobiologia, Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala (Mexico)

2006-07-15

una gran proporcion de la poblacion rural en el pais. Dentro del proyecto Fomento de Capacidades para la Etapa 2 de Adaptacion al Cambio Climatico en Centroamerica, Mexico y Cuba analizamos las estrategias que han desarrollado los productores de maiz de temporal en la region centro del pais para hacer frente a los eventos climaticos adversos. Los impactos en el maiz de temporal debido a la variabilidad y al cambio climaticos son estudiados empleando un modelo de simulacion agricola. Varias medidas de adaptacion se pueden evaluar usando este modelo. Sin embargo, el efecto de otros forzantes se debe considerar en una evaluacion de la capacidad adaptativa de los pequenos productores al cambio y a la variabilidad climaticos. La participacion de los actores clave de la region permitio decidir cuales de las posibles medidas adaptativas podrian ser viables bajo las condiciones climaticas actuales y futuras. La construccion de invernaderos, el uso de composta, la aplicacion de riego por goteo, fueron algunas de las tecnicas seleccionadas con los actores clave. Las respuestas entusiastas ante estas medidas permiten considerar que estas podran prevalecer en el futuro ante condiciones de cambio climatico. Sin embargo, la adaptacion al cambio climatico implica ademas de las tecnicas descritas- la generacion de las capacidades para hacer frente a los eventos climaticos adversos, esto es, incrementar el conjunto de capacidades adaptativas al cambio climatico entre los actores clave.

Moléculas que participan en el transporte de hierro materno-fetal: importancia del receptor 1 de transferrina y de la ferroportina en la placenta humana = Molecules implicated in maternal-fetal iron transport across the placental barrier: Role of Transferrin Receptor 1 and Ferroportin

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Corrales Agudelo, Lady Vanessa

2011-03-01

Full Text Available La adecuada transferencia placentaria de hierro es crucial para satisfacer los altos requerimientos del feto y promover su adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo intrauterino; de otra parte, contribuye a prevenir la ferropenia y la anemia, entidades altamente prevalentes en los lactantes durante los primeros dos años de edad, que se asocian con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad en la infancia. La placenta es un órgano capaz de realizar diferentes adaptaciones en la producción de moléculas que participan en el transporte de hierro materno-fetal en respuesta al estado de hierro celular, para proveer la mayor disponibilidad de este mineral al feto. Esta revisión, pretende acercar al lector a los mecanismos metabólicos y moleculares relacionados con la captación, el transporte y la salida de hierro por la placenta hacia el feto, así como su regulación, para proporcionar elementos que le permitan comprender en forma integrada, la importancia de un adecuado estado de hierro materno antes y durante la gestación.

Regulación del flujo sanguíneo uterino. II. Funciones de estrógeno y receptores estrogénicos α/β en acciones genómicas y no-genómicas del endotelio uterino *

Science.gov (United States)

Mayra, Pastore R.; Rosalina, Villalón L.; López, Gladys; Iruretagoyena, Jesús; Magness, Ronald

2015-01-01

Resumen El embarazo está marcado por cambios y adaptaciones cardiovasculares que son importantes para el crecimiento y mantenimiento de la placenta y el feto. Durante este periodo, las adaptaciones vasculares uterinas manifiestan cambios clasificados como de corto o largo plazo los cuales están relacionados con adaptaciones vasodilatadoras, angiogénicas o de remodelación. El estrógeno y los receptores estrogénicos clásicos (REs), RE-α y RE-β, han demostrado ser parcialmente responsables por facilitar el incremento dramático en el fluido sanguíneo uterino necesario durante el embarazo. En ésta revisión bibliográfica se discuten la base estructural para la diversidad y selectividad funcional de los REs por el estrógeno, el papel de los REs sobre los efectos genómicos y no-genómicos en células endoteliales de arterias uterinas (CEAU). Estos temas integran el conocimiento científico sobre la regulación molecular de CEAU para mantener el incremento fisiológico en la perfusión útero-placentaria observada durante un embarazo normal. PMID:26113751

Competencia de los juzgados letrados del trabajo para entender en casos de defraudación y/o simulación en perjuicio de acreedores laborales

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José Luis Dodera

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente memografia es demostrar jurídicamente que los Juzgados Letrados de Primera Instancia del Trabajo de Turno, en Montevideo o en el Interior, cuando hubieren estos tribunales especializados, son los competentes para entender en las accionespaulianas, ocurridos en peIjuicio de acreedores laborales, por sobre los Juzgados Letrados de Primera Instancia en lo Civil de Turno.A esta conclusión llegaremos tomando en consideración argumentos procesales y suslanciales.Contenido: Competencia de los juzgados letrados de primera instancia del trabajo. Argumentos procesales. Argumentos de derecho sustancial, del derecho laboral. Conclusiones

Al-Qurû’ fi Al-Qur’an ‘Inda Al-Anbary fi Al-Adhdâd

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Raushani Azza

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This study examines about the term al-Qurû in the Qur’an. Al-Qurû is one of the most popular discussions among muslim scholars and mufasir, both in terms of language and fiqh. However, there is a bate among muslim scholar and mufasir about the meaning of al-Qurû. It’s because al-Qurû is one of the sentence of al-Adhdâd wich has two meaning, especially in the Qur’an, namely haid (menstruation and thahr. One of the most popular muslim scholar who concern in Qur’an and Arabic is al-Anbari with his book al-Adhdâd. Al-Anbari explains that Qurû has two meanings, First, al-Qurû in etymology is the form of Jama’ from aqra and qurû. Second, al-Qurû has a meaning of menstruation, thahr, or the period of iddah as a sign of being allowed to remarry after certain period of time.

Al-Âyah al-Mutasyâbihât al-Lafzhiyyah fi Sûrah al-An’âm ‘Inda al-Kirmâny

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Hikmatiar Pasya

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses about the verses of mutasyâbihât in the Quran. The debate of this verses caused various opinions. The meaning of the mutasyâbihât in this paper is the similarity and difference of the words in the Qur'an. Mufasir have different opinion about the meaning of the verse of mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi. In addition, many Hufadz of the Quran who are confused from one verse to another, or one chapter to another. It’s because similarity of verses in the Qur'an with other verses. So the writer wants to explain the verses mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi in the perspective of Hamzh al-Karmani in Surah al-An'âm. In this discussion the author discovers some passages in mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi, namely Asrâru al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-lafdzi, Asrar al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-hurf, and murâ'ah al-ikhtilâfmurâd bi al-lafdzi al-mukarrar.

Violencia contra trabajadores sanitarios en un hospital de Andalucía: ¿Por qué hay agresiones no registradas?

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Iván Arturo Mayorca Yancán

Full Text Available Introducción: Las agresiones en el trabajo son un problema en auge en profesiones de atención al público, siendo la profesión sanitaria una de las más afectadas. Existe una importante infradeclaración de agresiones. Objetivos: Conocer el nivel de infradeclaración y analizar sus motivos. Comparar grupos de trabajadores declarantes y no declarantes. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado en un hospital de segundo nivel, en 2011. Se ha elaborado una encuesta previamente pilotada, aplicándola a los profesionales de los servicios con mayor registro de agresiones. Resultados: Del total de encuestas obtenidas (250, se encontraron 102 agresiones, 69 casos no habían sido registrados (67.6%, la mayoría verbales. Los principales motivos para no declarar las agresiones fueron: creer que el registro es inútil 32.8%, o considerar normal las agresiones 25.4%. Perfil del profesional agredido: mujer, 37 años, enfermera del área de urgencias del turno de mañana. Perfil del agresor: paciente o su familiar, varón, 42.5 años. Los trabajadores que más notificaron las agresiones fueron quienes realizaban trabajo a turnos (61.2% y los solteros (69.6%. Conclusiones: En muchas ocasiones los trabajadores sanitarios minimizan los episodios violentos, por ello es necesario formarlos en la importancia del registro de agresiones de cualquier tipo.

Lolita de Vladimir Nabokov: historia de una obsesión (fílmica

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Katixa Agirre Miguélez

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo trata de demostrar la simbiosis existente entre la novela Lolita y el arte cinematográfico. No sólo por las dos adaptaciones de las que ha sido objeto la novela de Vladimir Nabokov, sino también por las propias características estilísticas y narrativas de la novela, plagada de referencias y recursos puramente cinematográficos. Recurso clave durante toda la novela, la técnicacinematográfica se convierte en el mejor aliado del narrador no fiable –Humbert Humbert– en su lucha por dominar a Lolita y manipular al lector. Para finalizar, se intenta demostrar una afinidad perpetua entre el personaje tipo de Lolita y el cine, especialmente el deHollywood.

Estados emocionais de enfermeiros no desempenho profissional em unidades críticas Estados emocionales de enfermeros en el desempeño profesional en unidades críticas The nurses' emotional parameters on the profissional performance at intensive care units

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Milva Maria Figueiredo De Martino

2004-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as variáveis psicológicas de enfermeiros, obtidas por meio da Lista de Estados Emocionais LEP - cujo questionário foi respondido no início e no término do plantão. Fizeram parte da pesquisa (n=70 enfermeiros, que trabalhavam no Hospital das Clínicas / UNICAMP sob o regime de 6 e 12 horas diárias, em atividades desenvolvidas no Centro Cirúrgico (CC, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI, Unidade Coronariana (UCO e Pronto Socorro (PS, com idade média de 33,88 anos. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o perfil emocional dos enfermeiros sofre alterações no decorrer do plantão, o que pode ser creditado ao desgaste e ao estresse próprios da atividade de prestar assistência, sobretudo nas unidades, onde há exigência de alto nível de habilidades e necessidade de respostas imediatas em emergências. O cansaço foi uma variável de intensidade forte, no final do plantão em todas as unidades.O objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las variables psicológicas de enfermeros, obtenidas por medio de la Lista de Estados Emocionales LEP - cuyo cuestionario fue respondido al inicio y fin del turno. Hicieron parte de la investigación (n=70 enfermeros, que trabajaban en el Hospital de las Clínicas / UNICAMP bajo el régimen de 6 y 12 horas, en actividades desarrolladas en el Centro Quirúrgico (CC, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI, Unidad Coronaria (UCO y Pronto Socorro (PS, con edad media de 33,88 años. Los resultados permitieron constatar que el perfil emocional de los enfermeros sufre alteraciones en el transcurso del turno, lo que puede deberse al desgaste y al estrés propios de la actividad de prestar asistencia, sobre todo en las unidades, donde hay exigencia de alto nivel de habilidades y necesidad de respuestas inmediatas en emergencias. El cansancio fue una variable de intensidad fuerte, al final del turno en todas las unidades.The aim of this study was to analyze the nurses

Participative leadership in the management process of nightshift nursing Liderazgo participativo en el proceso de gestión del trabajo nocturno de enfermería Liderança participativa no processo gerencial do trabalho noturno em enfermagem

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Diovane Ghignatti da Costa

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, aiming to identify the perceptions of nurses regarding the leadership process and to analyze how this process takes place on the nightshift. Data collection was performed through the Focus Groups Technique, with 13 nightshift nurses of a public teaching hospital. Two categories that resulted from the thematic analysis are the focus of this article: the context of nightshift nursing work and leadership from the perception of the nightshift nurses. Teamwork is an important condition to vitalize the participatory perspective of the leadership process, given the necessary relationship of support and integration, above all in the nightshift nursing work. This exercise challenges the nurse in the solidification of a culture that promotes spaces for reflection regarding the work, integrating leadership with a learning process that is constituted through constructive bonds between the workers.Se trata de investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, con los objetivos de identificar las percepciones de los enfermeros sobre el proceso de liderazgo y analizar como transcurre ese proceso en el turno nocturno. La recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de la Técnica de Grupos Focales, con 13 enfermeras que trabajaban en ese turno en un hospital público de enseñanza. Dos categorías que resultaron del análisis temático son enfoque de este artículo: contexto del trabajo nocturno en enfermería y el liderazgo en la percepción de las enfermeras del turno nocturno. El trabajo en equipo es una importante condición para vitalizar la perspectiva participativa del proceso de liderazgo, considerando la necesaria relación de apoyo e integración, sobre todo en el trabajo nocturno de enfermería. Ese ejercicio lanza un desafío al enfermero, en la concretización de una cultura que promueva espacios de reflexión acerca del trabajo, integrando el liderazgo a un proceso de aprendizaje que se

Diffusion-induced quadrupole relaxation of 27Al nuclei in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at high temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bottyan, L.; Beke, D.L.; Tompa, K.

1983-01-01

The temperature dependence of the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation time of 27 Al nuclei is measured in 5N Al and in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at 5.7 and 9.7 MHz resonance frequencies. The relaxation in pure aluminium is found to be purely due to the conduction electrons. An excess T 1 -relaxation contribution is detected in all Al-3d alloys investigated above 670 K. The excess relaxation rate is proportional to the impurity content and the temperature dependence of the excess contribution is of Arrhenius-type with an activation energy of (1.3 +- 0.3) eV for all of the investigated alloys. The relaxation contribution is found to be quadrupolar in origin and is caused by the relative diffusional jumps of solute atoms and Al atoms relatively far from the impurity. (author)

Interfacial phenomena in the reactions of Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B alloys with KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3 melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, M.S.; Terry, B.S.; Grieveson, P.

1993-01-01

The interfacial phenomena occurring during the contacting of liquid Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B melts with KF-AlF 3 liquid fluxes have been investigated by optical examination of quenched metal drops previously immersed in the liquid fluxes. Reactions in the Al-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of metastable AlB 12 at the metal/flux interface. At high KBF 4 levels in the flux, the AlB 12 is dispersed in the flux and also at low KBF 4 levels in the metal. Reactions in the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of TiB 2 , which may be dispersed in either the metal or the flux depending upon the composition of the flux. The results obtained for the Al-Ti-B/NaF-AlF 3 and Al-Zr-B/KF-AlF 3 systems were similar to those observed for the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system

INTELECTUALES PÚBLICOS E INTELLIGENTSIA LOCAL: una mirada a la antropología de Tierradentro, Cauca

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ELÍAS SEVILLA CASAS

2007-01-01

Full Text Available EL ARTÍCULO REPASA CÓMO SE HA HECHO ANTROPOLOGÍA/ARQUEOLOGÍA EN TIERRADENTRO, CAUCA, durante los últimos sesenta años. Se enfoca en la relación entre los investigadores como intelectuales públicos y la intelligentsia local. Atendiendo al "giro ético" en la antropología, con su doble exigencia de compromiso con la verdad y la justicia, el texto plantea las distintas implicaciones de la paradoja de Mannheim con respecto al círculo de la ideología/utopía. Analiza la manera como los antropólogos han afrontado dicha paradoja para evitar la hegemonía de "la voz" antropológica y su uso como palanca ideológica de las hegemonías de turno. Aunque los investigadores individuales actuaron de acuerdo con los mejores criterios de su tiempo, hay avances hacia el reconocimiento de los sujetos locales como cabal contraparte en el trabajo.

Synthesizing (ZrAl3 + AlN)/Mg-Al composites by a 'matrix exchange' method

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Tong; Li, Zengqiang; Hu, Kaiqi; Han, Mengxia; Liu, Xiangfa

2018-06-01

A method named 'matrix exchange' to synthesize ZrAl3 and AlN reinforced Mg-Al composite was developed in this paper. By inserting Al-10ZrN master alloy into Mg matrix and reheating the cooled ingot to 550 °C, Al and Mg atoms diffuse to the opposite side. As a result, liquid melt occurs once the interface areas reach to proper compositions. Then dissolved Al atoms react with ZrN, leading to the in-situ formation of ZrAl3 and AlN particles, while the Al matrix is finally replaced by Mg. This study provides a new insight for preparing Mg composites.

Coupled growth of Al-Al2Cu eutectics in Al-Cu-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hecht, U; Witusiewicz, V; Drevermann, A

2012-01-01

Coupled eutectic growth of Al and Al 2 Cu was investigated in univariant Al-Cu-Ag alloys during solidification with planar and cellular morphology. Experiments reveal the dynamic selection of small spacings, below the minimum undercooling spacing and show that distinct morphological features pertain to nearly isotropic or anisotropic Al-Al 2 Cu interfaces.

AL ITTIJAHAT AL MUNHARIFAH FI AT TAFSIR LI BADLI ASHAB AL MADZAHIB AL NAHWIYYAH WA BADL MAN YAJHALUNA QAWAID AL LUGHAH AL ARABIYYAH FI NADHAR MUHAMMAD HUSAIN AL DZAHABIY

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Misbakhudin Misbakhudin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most precious achievement in qur’anic studies was the book of Al-Ittijâhât al-Munharifah fî al-Tafsîr: Dawâfi’uha wa Daf’uha written by A great Islamic scholar, Muhammad Husein al-Dzahabî. He was succeeded in discussing several issues of corruptions of the exegesis of the holy Qur’an. This article is aimed to explain and to describe his analysis toward several corrupted linguist interpretations in their originations and such corrupted linguistic interpretations of the holy Qur’an which are ignoring Arabic structures and grammers

CtrWeb: Una herramienta de programación para telecontrol de sistemas físicos educativos

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Jesús Salido

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta una arquitectura software distribuida que proporciona una API (Application Programming Interface de código abierto basada en Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation para la programación, con fines educativos, del control secuencial de prototipos físicos remotos. Los prototipos físicos se construyen mediante el sistema de prototipado de la firma fischertechnikTM. La programación y acceso al prototipo físico se realiza de forma compartida por distintos desarrolladores empleando una estrategia de turnos de tiempo gestionada desde Moodle, un LMS (Learning Management System abierto de libre distribución. Palabras clave: telecontrol, laboratorio remoto, educación a distancia, automatización, control secuencial

Diagnósticos al alta hospitalaria de las personas inmigrantes en la ciudad de Valencia (2001-2002

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Antonio Salazar

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento:La inmigración en España se ha incrementado de forma notable en la última década. Por razones teóricas se ha planteado que esta población pudiera ser responsable de un aumento de la incidencia y/o transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios acerca de las enfermedades de este colectivo que permitan conocer la importancia de esta afirmación. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar la atención hospitalaria a esta población en la ciudad de Valencia. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los registros de altas de los Servicios de Admisión de los hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Valencia. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional retrospectivo para el año comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 2001 al 30 de septiembre del 2002. Resultados: Recuperamos 8.444 ingresos que identificaron 1.577 ingresos de inmigrantes. Se evidenció una proporción similar de inmigrantes registrados con documentación reglada (841, 51,16% e inmigrantes supuestamente no regularizados (803, 48,84%. Predominaron las mujeres (68,3% frente a los varones (31,7% y una media de edad inferior a los 30 años. El diagnóstico de alta más frecuente fue «complicaciones del embarazo, parto y puerperio» con 37,7% del total. Los «traumatismos y envenenamientos », «enfermedades del aparato digestivo» y «enfermedades del aparato respiratorio» representaron el 12,9%, el 7,8% y el 5,4%, respectivamente. Las «enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias» supusieron el 4,4%. Conclusiones: La proporción de enfermedades infecciosas e infectocontagiosas observadas no contribuyen a alentar las opiniones difundidas sobre importación o reemergencia de enfermedades desde los colectivos de inmigrantes. La inmigración masiva acaecida requiere múltiples adaptaciones del Sistema de Salud que permitan establecer el perfil de salud de este colectivo, basado en estimaciones poblacionales.

Diagnósticos al alta hospitalaria de las personas inmigrantes en la ciudad de Valencia (2001-2002

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Salazar Antonio

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La inmigración en España se ha incrementado de forma notable en la última década. Por razones teóricas se ha planteado que esta población pudiera ser responsable de un aumento de la incidencia y/o transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios acerca de las enfermedades de este colectivo que permitan conocer la importancia de esta afirmación. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar la atención hospitalaria a esta población en la ciudad de Valencia. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los registros de altas de los Servicios de Admisión de los hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Valencia. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional retrospectivo para el año comprendido entre el 1 de octubre de 2001 al 30 de septiembre del 2002. Resultados: Recuperamos 8.444 ingresos que identificaron 1.577 ingresos de inmigrantes. Se evidenció una proporción similar de inmigrantes registrados con documentación reglada (841, 51,16% e inmigrantes supuestamente no regularizados (803, 48,84%. Predominaron las mujeres (68,3% frente a los varones (31,7% y una media de edad inferior a los 30 años. El diagnóstico de alta más frecuente fue «complicaciones del embarazo, parto y puerperio» con 37,7% del total. Los «traumatismos y envenenamientos», «enfermedades del aparato digestivo» y «enfermedades del aparato respiratorio» representaron el 12,9%, el 7,8% y el 5,4%, respectivamente. Las «enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias» supusieron el 4,4%. Conclusiones: La proporción de enfermedades infecciosas e infecto-contagiosas observadas no contribuyen a alentar las opiniones difundidas sobre importación o reemergencia de enfermedades desde los colectivos de inmigrantes. La inmigración masiva acaecida requiere múltiples adaptaciones del Sistema de Salud que permitan establecer el perfil de salud de este colectivo, basado en estimaciones poblacionales.

ESTUDIO DE TENDENCIAS DE LA PRECIPITACIÓN MENSUAL EN LA CUENCA ALTA-MEDIA DEL RÍO CAUCA, COLOMBIA.

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OLGA L. PUERTAS OROZCO

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Estudiar las alteraciones en la oferta hídrica asociadas a la variabilidad o al cambio climático, es importante para ajustar adaptaciones frente a los cambios actuales y futuros, para esto se requiere comprender cambios históricos espacio-temporales en el patrón regional de lluvias. Para esto, se analizaron las tendencias de la precipitación mensual (1975-2006 en escalas de la lluvia total-anual, mensual-multianual y semianual-trimestral; mediante la aplicación de la prueba no-paramétrica de Mann-Kendall en 108 estaciones pluviométricas, ubicadas en la cuenca alta-media del río Cauca. En los resultados, la precipitación anual tuvo tendencias significativas con rango de variación desde -9.3% (-147,3 mm hasta +6.5% (+128,8 mm por decenio con promedio de -0.7% (-7,7 mm, para 24 estaciones. A escala trimestral, en Junio Julio-Agosto como periodo de menor pluviosidad al año, se encontró una disminución significativa de la precipitación, con promedio de -15% (-29 mm por decenio, en el 19% (21 de las estaciones analizadas. Se concluye, que existe cambios en el régimen intranual de la precipitación y, tras comparar las tendencias en la precipitación anual con variables geográficas (altitud, latitud y longitud, por encima de los 1500 msnm y en latitud menor a 3o52'N en la cordillera de los Andes, existe reducción generalizada en la lluvia. Dichos cambios, afectarán negativamente la generación y la disponibilidad de la escorrentía, que representa la oferta hídrica en la cuenca. En futuras investigaciones, deben estudiarse los cambios en la precipitación a escala diaria y vincularse actores locales, para el ajuste de adaptaciones frente a los cambios.

Estudio comparativo in vitro de estrategias adaptativas en especies de Hylocereus, Cactaceae, con distribución ecológica contrastada

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Máximo Moreira-Palacios

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Hylocereus ocamponis e Hylocereus triangularis son dos especies de cactáceas estrechamente relacionadas filogenéticamente pero que muestran hábitos de crecimiento completamente contrastados. La primera abunda en ecosistemas secos y la segunda en bosque tropical lluvioso, en bosques secos occidentales y la región amazónica del Ecuador, respectivamente. En el presente trabajo se empleó el cultivo in vitro como plataforma para el estudio de adaptaciones en ambas especies. El cultivo in vitro ofrece la posibilidad de estudiar de forma comparada la respuesta de explantes a reguladores del crecimiento en condiciones altamente controladas. Se evaluaron combinaciones de reguladores de crecimiento thidiazuron (TDZ, bencil amino purina (BAP, ácido naftalenacético (NAA, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D y Kinetina (KIN en diferentes tipos de explantes para estudiar sus respuestas morfogenéticas y hacer una relación con la tolerancia al estrés y capacidad adaptativa (plasticidad fenotípica en H. ocamponis y H. triangularis. Los explantes de H. triangularis mostraron un mayor rango dinámico de respuesta a los tratamientos, especialmente durante la formación de cladodios y callos; la mejor formación de brotes (1,5 por explante y callos (0,75 por explante fue al aplicar 0,5 µl de TDZ con 0,5 µl de NAA. Los explantes de H. ocamponis mostraron casi siempre una inhibición ante los tratamientos y la mejor respuesta fue a la formación de raíces (1,43 por explante con 5 µl de BAP lo que puede estar directamente relacionado con su hábitat de procedencia. El cultivo in vitro resultó ser una metodología útil para el estudio de adaptaciones en especies con distribución ecológica contrastada y reveló una gran plasticidad en H. triangularis lo que concuerda con su capacidad de expansión de hábitat.

Stress indotto dalla guida di autoveicoli: studio di parametri psicofisiologici

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R. Vivoli

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

La guida di un autoveicolo, specie in condizioni di intenso traffico o di cattive condizioni meteoclimatiche, è considerata uno dei principali fattori stressanti della vita odierna. Durante la guida si possono infatti osservare significative risposte simpatoadrenergiche e cardiovascolari con la comparsa anche di episodi coronarici. Tali risposte presentano un’ampia variabilità interindividuale in quanto sono influenzate da vari fattori (stile di vita, personalità etc..

In questa rassegna, vengono presentati i principali risultati degli studi da noi condotti sulle risposte psicofisiologiche indotte dalla guida di diversi tipi di autoveicoli. In conducenti di autobus urbani è stato registrato un sensibile aumento del tasso urinario di adrenalina durante il turno lavorativo rispetto alla stessa fascia oraria di un giorno di riposo. Tale risposta adrenergica era esaltata dall’abitudine tabagica e dall’assunzione di caffè e bevande alcoliche. In soggetti che alla guida di camion coprono lunghe distanze, i più elevati tassi urinari di catecolamine e i più alti livelli di frequenza cardiaca sono stati registrati quando la guida era particolarmente stressante per la presenza di nebbia o di intenso traffico. In soggetti che partecipano, a livello amatoriale, a manifestazioni agonistiche di velocità su pista, abbiamo osservato che durante la gara, rispetto al periodo pre-gara, l’escrezione urinaria di catecolamine aumenta in misura molto rilevante. Analogamente a quanto osservato in autisti di camion, l’attivazione del sistema adrenergico è risultata direttamente associata ai livelli di ansietà. Dall’elettrocardiogramma dinamico è emerso che durante la gara la frequenza cardiaca raggiunge un valore medio di 163.5±7.4 battiti/min. (range: 146,180 battiti/min..

Un significativo peggioramento della percezione visiva stereoscopica, con potenziale ricaduta negativa sulla performance dei guidatori, è stato osservato in

La matriz ficcional como estrategia creativa en la adaptación audiovisual

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Vicente Peña Timón

2012-04-01

Full Text Available El artículo pone de relieve la capacidad de las matrices ficcionales para ser utilizadas como estrategias del discurso de la narración, a la hora de realizar una adaptación (audiovisual cinematográfica. Comienza con una aproximación al concepto, con el fin de conocer el contexto y cómo beneficiarse de las matrices ficcionales a la hora de adaptar una obra original. Se define, en primer lugar, el término adaptación audiovisual, para después explicar el ya conocido paradigma de la estructura clásica y, a partir de éste, explicar qué es una matriz ficcional, para ejemplificar,  por último, cómo opera la matriz ficcional usada como estrategia en las adaptaciones audiovisuales.  

Consideraciones sobre la evolución de la respuesta inmunitaria Th2 y sus posibles relaciones con parasitosis y alergia

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Luis Caraballo

2012-03-01

El desarrollo de este equilibrio debió incluir adaptaciones de ambos organismos y la supervivencia del parásito podría ser el resultado de la adquisición de mecanismos supresores de la respuesta defensiva, la selección de los huéspedes con menor intensidad de la respuesta de tipo 2, o ambas. Esto, a su vez, sugiere que aunque las infecciones helmínticas hayan influido en la conformación de la inmunidad de tipo 2, no han sido una fuerza selectiva importante en el caso particular de la respuesta alérgica que, a su vez, está más ligada a una exagerada respuesta Th2/IgE.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.419

FAMILIA, PODER Y ESMERALDAS. Relaciones de género y estructura económica minera en el occidente de Boyacá, Colombia

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JOHANNA A. PARRA BAUTISTA

2006-01-01

Full Text Available LA ORGANIZACIÓN SOCIAL Y CULTURAL DE LA ZONA ESMERALDÍFERA DEL OCCIDENTE DEL departamento de Boyacá (Colombia está relacionada con los insumos de la producción minera, que se reflejan en las transformaciones de las estructuras de parentesco y las adaptaciones de la familia. Este artículo expone una aproximación etnográfica al complejo familiar de la región, con el objeto de comprender la incidencia de las jerarquías en las relaciones de género y en la crianza de los hijos. Por medio del texto se presenta el poder masculino como acción de dominio de medios de producción, y el control femenino como relaciones con otros miembros de la familia nuclear y extensa.

Familial ALS

Science.gov (United States)

Boylan, Kevin

2015-01-01

Synopsis Genes linked to ALS susceptibility are being identified at an increasing rate owing to advances in molecular genetic technology. Genetic mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis appear to exert major effects in ~10% of patients, but genetic factors at some level may be important components of disease risk in most ALS patients. Identification of gene variants associated with ALS has informed concepts of the pathogenesis of ALS, aided the identification of therapeutic targets, facilitated research to develop new ALS biomarkers, and supported the establishment of clinical diagnostic tests for ALS-linked genes. Translation of this knowledge to ALS therapy development is ongoing. PMID:26515623

Malamih al-Ashwat al-'Arabiyyah wa Makharijaha

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Amrah Muhammad Kasim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This writing discusses on al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah that is known with “phonetic” term. It talks and interprets makharij al-huruf or place for producing sounds and also processing production of sounds by parts of mouth in Arabic language. The problems of sounds and its systems in Arabic language have been conducted by the scholars of al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah attractively, neatly, and detail and gotten ahead the phonetic western scholars. Part of their analysis results formulate the study about al-ashwat al-sakinah (al-Shamit is known with vocal and consonant sounds in research questions shawait – shawamit. Ibnu Jinni has formulated “harakat”(wowel in Arabic language and dimension of letter  mad and liyn on alif  letter - waw - ya’ (ا و ي, from these letters create  harakat fathah, dammah, and kasrah. Moreover, in this writing also exist the description of hija’i letters and its makhraj that are correct from parts of mouth and the unity of coordinative sounds that produce sounds in morphemes arrangement, in one word that produces meaning. The result of phonological study has divided al-ashwat to be kinds of sound like the pronounced sounds, produced sounds from mouth, and heard sound.

Transient oxidation of Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andoh, A.

1997-01-01

The oxide phases formed on an Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil and an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil of the same levels of Al and (La+Ce) contents, and their oxidation kinetics have been studied in air at 1173 and 1373 K using TGA, XRD and SEM. Al deposition promotes the growth of metastable aluminas (θ-Al 2 O 3 , γ-Al 2 O 3 ). Scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and a small amount of α-Al 2 O 3 develop on the Al-deposited foil at 1173 K and exhibit the whisker-type morphology. In the early stage of oxidation at 1373 K, thick scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 grow rapidly on the Al-deposited foil. The transformation from θ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 is very fast, and the scales result in only α-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, α-Al 2 O 3 scales containing a minor amount of FeAl 2 O 4 develop on the alloy foil. The growth rate of α-Al 2 O 3 scales on the Al-deposited foil is smaller than that on the alloy foil and very close to that on NiAl at 1373 K. (orig.)

Proton irradiation studies on Al and Al5083 alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharyya, P.; Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Gupta, A. Dutta; Sarkar, Apu; Dhar, S.; Mitra, M. K.; Mukherjee, P.

2017-10-01

The change in the microstructural parameters and microhardness values in 6.5 MeV proton irradiated pure Al and Al5083 alloy samples have been evaluated using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis (XRD) and microindendation techniques. The detailed line profile analysis of the XRD data showed that the domain size increases and saturates with irradiation dose both in the case of Al and Al5083 alloy. The corresponding microstrain values did not show any change with irradiation dose in the case of the pure Al but showed an increase at higher irradiation doses in the case of Al5083 alloy. The microindendation results showed that unirradiated Al5083 alloy has higher hardness value compared to that of unirradiated pure Al. The hardness increased marginally with irradiation dose in the case of Al5083, whereas for pure Al, there was no significant change with dose.

PEMBARUAN MASLAḤAH DALAM MAQĀṢID AL- SHARĪ‘AH: TELAAH HUMANISTIS TENTANG AL-KULLIYYĀT AL-KHAMSAH

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Zaenuddin Mansyur

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract:   In order to answer a variety of issues faced by human being in the current era, such as human rights abuses, social disintegration, and terrorism, the renewal of Islamic law in the level of theoretical and practical aspects is very urgent. This paper aims to examine one of the Islamic legal reform efforts, namely to build a more technical understanding of the concept of maṣlaḥah contained in the maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, called the al-kulliyat al-khamsah. Therefore, the concept of maṣlaḥah in ḥifẓ al-dīn is technically defined as al-ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (freedom of religion and schools; in ḥifẓ al-nafs as al-karamat al-insān (human being breeding; in ḥifẓ al-nasl as ḥifẓ al-usrah (wholeness and harmony of the family; in ḥifẓ al-māl as al-taḍammun al-insān (social solidarity , and in ḥifẓ al-‘aql as al-ḥuqūq as al-tarbiyāt (increasing human resources quality.Abstrak: Demi menjawab aneka persoalan zaman yang dihadapi manusia era sekarang, seperti penyelewengan terhadap HAM, disintegrasi sosial, dan terorisme, maka pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam tataran teoretis dan praktis urgen dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu upaya pembaruan hukum Islam, yaitu membangun pemahaman yang lebih teknis terhadap konsep maṣlaḥah yang terkandung dalam maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, yang disebut dengan al-kulliyāt al-khamsah. Oleh karena itu, konsep maṣlaḥah dalam ḥifẓu al-dīn secara teknis dimaknai sebagai ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (kebebasan untuk beragama dan beraliran; dalam ḥifẓu al-nafs sebagai al-karāmāt al-insān (pemuliaan kemanusiaan; dalam ḥifẓu al-nasl sebagai ḥifẓu al-usrah (keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga; dalam ḥifẓu al-māl sebagai al-taḍammun al-insān (solidaritas sosial; dan dalam ḥifẓu al-‘aql sebagai al-ḥuqūq al-tarbiyāt (peningkatan sumber daya manusia.

Modos de conhecer e intervir: a constituição do corpo no cuidado de enfermagem no hospital

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Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza Azevedo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza los modos en que el cuerpo se constituye en un objeto de conocimiento e intervención de la enfermera en el cuidado en el hospital. Los datos fueron recolectados en el período de 2000 a 2003, por medio de observaciones de campo, análisis de manuales y el libro de registro del turno de las enfermeras. El análisis reveló que el ritual de internación es hecho desde la lógica de la institución, de los profesionales médicos y del saber construido en relación al sujeto. El examen da visibilidad al poder médico, examina el cuerpo y objetiva el paciente sujetándolo a las verdades de un campo de conocimiento. El cuidado de enfermería se expresa en los ejercicios de poder, rituales, dispositivos, simbolizaciones y juegos de intereses que circulan, traman y lo sostienen en el hospital. Por lo tanto, el cuerpo producido es fragmentado, con dominios múltiples, disciplinado, vigilado; tomado por la enfermedad. El hospital se reveló como un cuerpo "construido", al mismo tiempo que "construye" los cuerpos.

Cuadro de Mando Integral para la implementación curricular por competencias para una institución universitaria

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Juan Eduardo Jiménez Vásquez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de una investigación, cuyo foco era proponer una metodología de control y gestión para una implementación curricular por competencias, en una institución universitaria. En este camino, nos pareció que la propuesta de la metodología de gestión denominada Balanced Scorecard – BSC, de los autores Kaplan y Norton, presentaba características que, si bien estaban orientadas al mundo empresarial y de negocios, era factible realizar las adaptaciones necesarias a una institución educativa. Según los resultados encontrados en esta investigación, la metodología de BSC a través del Cuadro de Mando Integral, puede contribuir significativamente al éxito de la implantación curricular por competencias, en que es posible identificar los aspectos esenciales de la implementación y advertir oportunamente las situaciones que afectan su cumplimiento, de manera de realizar las acciones correctivas, para asegurar el éxito de la implementación.

Combustion synthesis of AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Pan; Xiao, Guoqing; Ding, Donghai; Ren, Yun; Yang, Shoulei; Lv, Lihua; Hou, Xing

2018-05-01

Using of Al and B2O3 powders as starting materials, and Mg-Al alloy as additives, AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures were successfully fabricated via combustion synthesis method in Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effect of different amount of Mg-Al alloy on the phase compositions and morphology of the combustion products was investigated. The results revealed that AlB2 and Al2O3 increased, whereas Al decreased with the content of Mg-Al alloy increasing. The impurities MgAl2O4 and AlB12 would exist in the sample with adding of 18 wt% Mg-Al alloy. Interestingly, FESEM/TEM/EDS results showed that AlB2 nanowires were observed in the products when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 6 wt% and 12 wt%. The more AlB2 nanowires can be found as the content of Mg-Al alloy increased. And the yield of AlB2 nanowires with the diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) and the length up to several tens of micrometers (μm) in the combustion product is highest when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 12 wt%. The vapor, such as Mg-Al (g), B2O2 (g), AlO (g) and Al2O (g), produced during the process of combustion synthesis, reacted with each other to yield AlB2 nanowires by vapor-solid (VS) mechanism and the corresponding model was also proposed.

The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

1989-01-01

The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

In Situ Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

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Mohammed Shahien

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situ formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N₂ plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h-AlN, c-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al₅O₆N, cubic sphalerite Al₂₃O₂₇N₅ (ALON and Al₂O₃. The zinc-blend c-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend c-Al

Cultural Transduction and Adaptation Studies: The Concept of Cultural Proximity

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Patrick Cattrysse

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo examina el concepto de proximidad cultural, tal como lo sugiere Joseph Straubhaar en su artículo de 1991 “Beyond Media Imperialism: Assymmetrical sic Interdependence and Cultural Proximity”. Se argumenta que, basándose en un estudio de polisistema de adaptaciones de film noir desde principios de los años noventa, tanto la proximidad cultural como la distancia pueden mejorar o inhibir el flujo cruzado de género o el flujo cultural cruzado de contenido de medios dependiendo de algunos acondicionadores específicos, como la estabilidad o la inestabilidad (por ejemplo, el éxito o la falta del mismo del género o contexto objetivo y la función conservadora o innovadora de las adaptaciones en su contexto objetivo.

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2006-01-01

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and A1-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis.The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds.Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading.However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti(Al, Cu)2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy.These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.

PEMAHAMAN HADITS TARBAWI BURHAN AL ISLAM AL ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL MUTA’ALLIM

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Benny Afwadzi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the understanding of tarbawi (education hadith from one of the major influential clerics in the Islamic educational system, especially in pesantren. He is Burhan al Islam al Zarnuji with his landmark book Ta’lim al Muta’allim. The conclusion that can be drawn is that al Zarnuji has shades of sufistical view in understanding tarbawi hadith. This can be seen in his understanding of hadith on obligation to seek knowledge (thalab al ilmi faridhatun ‘ala kulli muslimin wa muslimatin, which is interpreted as ilm al hal, the science concerning the condition of the human religious or simplistically said as the religious sciences; and the hadith of intention of studying (innama al a’malu bi al niyyat with the intention for the sake of the hereafter and religion, not mundane. Such an understanding is not something taken for granted, but it can be reinterpreted and perfected in accordance with the spirit of the times of context.

Calculation of Gibbs energy of Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Al-Cu, Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu liquid alloys based on quasiregular solution model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.Q.; Yang, Y.S.; Tong, W.H.; Wang, Z.Y.

2007-01-01

With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, the mixing enthalpy as well as the Gibbs energy of the ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated based on quasiregular solution model. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. The sequence of Gibbs energies of different systems is: G Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Zr-Al-Ni Zr-Al-Cu Cu-Al-Ni . To Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the lowest Gibbs energy locates in the composition range of X Zr 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.61; X Ni = 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.60 and X Zr = 0.32-0.67, X Al = 0.32-0.66, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the lowest Gibbs energy is obtained in the region of X Al = 0.63-0.80, X Ni = 0.14-0.24

Bipolar characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction structure with AlGaN as buffer layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Enchao; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiao, Hongling; Wang, Cuimei; Yin, Haibo; Chen, Hong; Feng, Chun; Jiang, Lijuan; Hou, Xun; Wang, Zhanguo

2013-01-01

Highlights: •2DEG and 2DHG coexist in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN DH-structure. •The sheet densities of 2DEG and 2DHG vary with buffer Al content and GaN thickness. •The conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. •Increasing buffer Al content provides better electron confinement. •Dislocation scattering is reduced in the DH-structure. -- Abstract: This is a theoretical study of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) structure with AlGaN as buffer layer. Our calculation shows that as the buffer Al content increases, though two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density decreases, the channel back-barrier caused by polarization-induced electric field in GaN provides better electron confinement. And under certain conditions the DH-structure shows bipolar characteristics, with an additional two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formed at GaN/AlGaN interface. The influence of the buffer Al content and GaN channel thickness on the 2DEG and 2DHG sheet densities are investigated, and the conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. Also, the mobility inhibited by dislocation scattering is enhanced in DH-structure due to the enhancement of screening effect of the 2DEG

The code of light: al-ghazali and al-suhrawardi

OpenAIRE

Gediminaitė, Barbora

2017-01-01

The Code of Light: Al-Ghazali and Al-Suhrawardi The Bachelor’s thesis The Code of Light in Islam: al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi presents a comparative study of light. The study analyses the philosophical systems of al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi through the reconstruction of the image of light and its operation principles. The main subject of the thesis are the attributes of light. The main problem of the research is the semantics and contextuality of light in Islamic theology and philosophy. Th...

Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la

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Kerwanto Kerwanto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’, kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian, dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal, intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnyaKata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah, denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī, penyempurnaan diri (takammul, tasbīḥ.  Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’, prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah and resurrection (ma‘ād and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Xiaoguang; Liu Xiangfa; Ding Haimin

2009-01-01

Because flake-like TiAl 3 particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl 3 particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of α-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption

Liquidus projection of the Nb-Cr-Al system near the Al3(Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, S.A.; Ferrandini, P.L.; Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, A.A.; Caram, R.

2006-01-01

The system Nb-Cr-Al was investigated in the region near the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic and the liquidus projection of that region was determined based on the microstructural characterization of arc melted alloys. The characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results allowed one to determine three primary solidification liquidus surfaces ((Cr,Al) 2 Nb, Cr(Al,Nb) and Al 3 (Nb,Cr)), that are originated from the binary systems Cr-Nb, Cr-Al and Al-Nb. It is proposed the occurrence of the invariant reaction L + (Cr,Al) 2 Nb ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) and of a point of minimum, which involves a three phase reaction, L ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb). All alloys studied showed formation of the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic as the last solidification step with Al(Nb)Cr 2 precipitating from Cr(Al,Nb)

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma Xiaoguang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn; Ding Haimin [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)

2009-03-05

Because flake-like TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of {alpha}-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption.

El uso de la cuestión palestina en la política egipcia (1981-2016: Continuidad y adaptaciones

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Bárbara Azaola

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Uno de los pilares en los que se ha basado la política regional de Egipto desde que en 1979 firmase el tratado de paz con Israel, ha sido su voluntad de jugar un papel de mediador entre israelíes y palestinos. En este artículo se analiza cómo desde la época de Hosni Mubarak el régimen egipcio se ha servido, tanto a nivel regional, internacional e interno, de su papel de mediador en el conflicto palestino-israelí. Este rol ha sido usado no sólo para su reconocimiento hacia el exterior sino también como instrumento de legitimación ante su opinión pública. Ni siquiera bajo la presidencia del islamista Mohamed Morsi (2012-2013 se produjo un realineamiento radical a nivel regional. A partir de 2013, con la llegada al poder del militar Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, los vínculos con Israel se han estrechado a distintos niveles. Se analiza, también, si en el Egipto post-Mubarak, la oposición política y la sociedad civil han mantenido la tradicional movilización por la causa palestina como forma de aumentar su visibilidad pública, habiendo sido esta “tolerada” previamente para que actuase como válvula de escape.

United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

韩延峰; 刘相法; 王海梅; 王振卿; 边秀房; 张均艳

2003-01-01

The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated. It is foundthat excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of A1-P master alloy into Al-24Simelt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47 μm from original 225 μm. It is also found that theTiC particles in the melt coming from Al8Ti2C can improve the modification effect of the Al-P master alloy. Whenthe content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03 %, the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steadywith increasing content of TiC particles. Modification effect occurs at 50 min after the addition of the Al-P master al-loy and TiC particles, and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.

Restauración de la casa doble de Le Corbusier en la Weissenhofsiedlung

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Arne Fentzloff

2014-07-01

Full Text Available La Casa Doble diseñada por Le Corbusier en 1927 para la Weissenhofsiedlung constituye un hito en el diseño y construcción de viviendas en el Movimiento Moderno. Su precario estado de conservación requería una restauración que la Fundación Wüstenrot ha acometido con la voluntad no de repristinar necesariamente a su condición originaria, sino de restaurar el conjunto y habilitarlo para la visita pública conservando al menos parcialmente las diversas reformas y adaptaciones de uso que había sufrido estas viviendas pareadas durante sus años de historia. El texto explica abundantes detalles constructivos de su proceso de diseño y construcción y revela las soluciones técnicas adoptadas durante la restauración.

De Chiapas a California. Experiencia migratoria y cambio cultural en jóvenes indígenas

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Tania Cruz Salazar

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Documento, desde una perspectiva etnográfica, la experiencia migratoria internacional de jóvenes indígenas chiapanecos y sus adaptaciones culturales. Sostengo que la participación de la juventud indígena ha sido central para el desarrollo económico del estado, y esto tiene sus orígenes en la tradicional migración indígena interna (siglo xix y nacional (siglo xx protagonizada en su tiempo por quienes hoy son los abuelos o padres. Para las actuales generaciones, la migración internacional, aunque aún es una estrategia económica, ya no es temporal como lo fue al inicio, por lo que su estadía en los Estados Unidos les implica cambios a nivel subjetivo, comunitario y cultural. Es en estos panoramas que analizo aquello que cambia y permanece.

Nanoporous Al sandwich foils using size effect of Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hailiang; Lu, Cheng; Tieu, A. Kiet; Li, Huijun; Godbole, Ajit; Kong, Charlie

2018-06-01

The roll bonding technique is one of the most widely used methods to produce metal laminate sheets. Such sheets offer interesting research opportunities for both scientists and engineers. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of the 'thickness effect' during laminate rolling for the first time. Using a four-high multifunction rolling mill, Cu/Al/Cu laminate sheets were fabricated with a range of thicknesses (16, 40, 70 and 130 μm) of the Al layer. The thickness of the Cu sheets was a constant 300 μm. After rolling, TEM images show good bonding quality between the Cu and Al layers. However, there are many nanoscale pores in the Al layer. The fraction of nanoscale pores in the Al layer increases with a reduction in the Al layer thickness. The finite element method was used to simulate the Cu/Al/Cu rolling process. The simulation results reveal the effect of the Al layer thickness on the deformation characteristics of the Cu/Al/Cu laminate. Finally, we propose that the size effect of the Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling may offer a method to fabricate 'nanoporous' Al sandwich laminate foils. Such foils can be used in electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices and noisy shielding of building.

Structural stability and electronic properties of AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3: Stabilnost strukture in elektronske lastnosti AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3:

OpenAIRE

Cheng, Rong; Wu, Xiao-Yu

2013-01-01

First-principles calculations were performed to study the alloying stability and electronic structure of the Al-based intermetallic compounds AlCusub3, AlCusub{2}Zr and AlZrsub3. The results show that the lattice parameters obtained after the full relaxation of the crystalline cells are consistent with the experimental data, and these intermetallics have a strong alloying ability and structural stability due to their negative formation energies and their cohesive energies. A further analysis ...

From The Count of Montecristo to The Bethroted (to say nothing of Melissa: Italy and television serials during the Sixties

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Achille Campanile

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Come Gianluigi Rossini spiega nel libro Le serie TV, e come questo numero illustra, le tante diverse forme di serialità narrativa hanno via via creato tante diverse forme di dipendenza. Ma una delle più memorabili resta quella innescata dai cosiddetti “sceneggiati” che la nostra Rai manda in onda tra gli anni Cinquanta e i Settanta, dipendenza vissuta pressoché da tutti con la stessa assolutezza, cerimonia laica, passione (e non di rado ossessione condivisa negli stessi tempi e modi: non solo la fiction di turno spadroneggia indisturbata (oltre a non avere concorrenti alla sua altezza, la televisione consiste fino al 1961 in un  solo canale, in due fino al 1979, ma inoltre sprigiona, diversamente dai quiz e dai festival, il fascino garantito del mondo immaginario; e d’altra parte, diversamente dai libri, dai film stessi (e, ovviamente, dalle serie attuali, permette alla collettività di scivolare in questo mondo in simultanea, lo distilla con cadenze regolari nella quotidianità della nazione.

El origen no humano de la música

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Juan David Leongómez

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Si la música tiene un origen cultural -como suele asumirse- ¿cómo puede explicarse su universalidad? Este artículo parte de este problema para plantear la hipótesis de que el fenómeno musical tenga un origen anterior al hombre moderno, o incluso anterior al hombre mismo y sea el resultado de una serie de adaptaciones al medio; de que tenga un origen biológico y no cultural. Tras analizar diversos estudios en áreas tan diversas como la semiótica, la neurología, la etología y la evolución, en los que se ve que muchas especies animales compartimos la capacidad de reconocer y entender signos, las estructuras y capacidades necesarias para su percepción, el placer y potencialmente la producción de memorias e imágenes metafóricas que se evocan cuando escuchamos música, los procesos culturales implicados, y que en muchos casos nos comunicamos acústicamente con los mismos objetivos e incluso sobre los mismos patrones universales que los humanos usamos al hacer música, se llega a la conclusión de que es posible que la música tenga un origen no humano y que sea producto de adaptaciones evolutivas, y a la sugestiva idea de que el origen de este fenómeno -es decir el desarrollo de las estructuras básicas implicadas en los procesos musicales- pueda rastrearse teóricamente incluso hasta los reptiles. Abstract: If music has a cultural origin -as is often assumed- how can one explain its universality? This paper is based on this question to raise the hypothesis that the musical phenomenon has its origin before the arising of modern man, or even before the evolution of man himself and, therefore, is the result of a series of adaptations to the environment, having a biological rather than a cultural origin. After considering further studies in areas as diverse as Semiotics, Neuroscience, Ethology and Evolution, showing that the physiological, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual characteristics related to the musical production

Comparación de las adaptaciones producidas por el entrenamiento con electroestimulación concéntrica y el entrenamiento voluntario

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Juan Azael Herrero Alonso

2008-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos del entrenamiento con electroestimulación neuromuscular (EENM concéntrica frente al entrenamiento voluntario. 28 estudiantes fueron divididos en tres grupos: EENM (GE; n = 10, entrenamiento voluntario (GV; n = 8 y grupo control (GC; n = 10. Se realizaron 16 entrenamientos del cuádriceps en 4 semanas. Cada sesión consistió en 8 series de 10 repeticiones al 80% de la fuerza máxima isométrica (FMI en una máquina de extensión de cuádriceps. El ritmo de ejecución fue de 1:1:1 (fases concéntrica, excéntrica y reposo, respectivamente. Al GE se le aplicaba EENM durante la fase concéntrica. Antes y después del entrenamiento (T1 y T2, respectivamente y tras dos semanas de desentrenamiento (T3 se midió el tiempo de carrera en 20 m (T-20, tres saltos verticales (SJ, CMJ y ABK y la FMI. Entre T1 y T2 se produjo un incremento significativo de la FMI tanto en GE como en GV (39,2 % y 30,1 %, p < 0,001, disminuyendo el CMJ (–6,2%, p < 0,01 y el ABK (–7,5 %, p < 0,01 en GE. El entrenamiento con EENM concéntrica es igual de eficaz que el entrenamiento voluntario para la mejora de la fuerza máxima isométrica, pudiendo resultar perjudicial para el rendimiento de determinados tipos de saltos verticales.

/Cu-Al System

Science.gov (United States)

Kish, Orel; Froumin, Natalya; Aizenshtein, Michael; Frage, Nachum

2014-05-01

Wettability and interfacial interaction of the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system were studied. Pure Cu does not wet the Ta2O5 substrate, and improved spreading is achieved when relatively a high fraction of the active element (~40 at.% Al) was added. The Al2O3 and AlTaO4 phases were observed at the Ta2O5/Cu-Al interface. A thermodynamic evaluation allowed us to suggest that the lack of wetting bellow 40 at.% Al is due to the presence of a native oxide, which covers the drop. The conditions of the native oxide decomposition and the formation of the volatile Al2O suboxide strongly depend on the vacuum level during sessile drop experiments and the composition of the Cu-Al alloy. In our case, Al contents greater than 40% provides thermodynamic conditions for the formation of Al2O (as a result of Al reaction with Al2O3) and the drop spreading. It was suggested that the final contact angle in the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system (50°) is determined by Ta adsorption on the newly formed alumina interlayer.

Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

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M. Rusydi Khalid

2017-12-01

This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah. Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara

ALS Association

Science.gov (United States)

... toward a world without ALS! Walk to Defeat ALS® Walk to Defeat ALS® draws people of all ... We need your help. I Will Advocate National ALS Registry The National ALS Registry is a congressionally ...

AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al matrix composites: Fabrication and mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Y.Q.; Cong, H.T.; Wang, W.; Sun, C.H.; Cheng, H.M.

2009-01-01

To improve the specific strength and stiffness of Al-based composites, AlN/Al nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by arc plasma evaporation of Al in nitrogen atmosphere and consolidated by hot-pressing to fabricate AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al composites (0-39 vol.% AlN). Microstructure characterization shows that AlN nanoparticles homogeneously distribute in the matrix of Al nanocrystalline, which forms atomically bonded interfaces of AlN/Al. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite have been improved dramatically, up to 3.48 GPa and 142 GPa, respectively. Such improvement is believed to result from the grain refinement strengthening and the interface strengthening (load transfer) between the Al matrix and AlN nanoparticles

Comparison of one and two-neutron transfer near the Coulomb barrier for the 27Al(18O, 16O)29Al, 27Al(18O, 17O)28Al and 27Al(13C, 12C)28Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiller, S.A.; Eck, J.S.

1975-01-01

Total reaction cross sections for the transfer reactions 27 Al( 18 O, 16 O) 29 Al, 27 Al( 18 O, 17 O) 28 Al and 27 Al( 13 C, 12 C) 28 Al are reported for center-of-mass energies between 13 and 20 MeV for 18 O projectiles and between 11 and 17.5 MeV for 13 C projectiles. The reaction products, 29 Al, and 28 Al, beta decay to 29 Si and 28 Si, respectively, and the subsequent γ decays of 29 Si and 28 Si were measured. Due to the relatively long beta decay half lives, data were taken in a beam-off mode, resulting in very clean spectra. Total cross sections were calculated and compared with a theoretical model for barrier penetration proposed by C.Y. Wong. Differences between 18 O induced one and two-neutron total transfer reaction cross sections are discussed. (orig.) [de

Al-matrix composite materials reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonneville, J; Laplanche, G; Joulain, A; Gauthier-Brunet, V; Dubois, S

2010-01-01

Al-matrix material composites were produced using hot isostatic pressing technique, starting with pure Al and icosahedral (i) Al-Cu-Fe powders. Depending on the processing temperature, the final reinforcement particles are either still of the initial i-phase or transformed into the tetragonal ω-Al0 0.70 Cu 0.20 Fe 0.10 crystalline phase. Compression tests performed in the temperature range 293K - 823K on the two types of composite, i.e. Al/i and Al/ω, indicate that the flow stress of both composites is strongly temperature dependent and exhibit distinct regimes with increasing temperature. Differences exist between the two composites, in particular in yield stress values. In the low temperature regime (T ≤ 570K), the yield stress of the Al/ω composite is nearly 75% higher than that of the Al/i composite, while for T > 570K both composites exhibit similar yield stress values. The results are interpreted in terms of load transfer contribution between the matrix and the reinforcement particles and elementary dislocation mechanisms in the Al matrix.

Piezo-tunnel effect in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions elaborated by atomic layer deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Rafael, R.; Puyoo, E.; Malhaire, C.

2017-11-01

In this work, the electrical transport in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions under mechanical stress is investigated in the perspective to use them as strain sensors. The metal/insulator/metal junctions are elaborated with a low temperature process (≤200 °C) fully compatible with CMOS back-end-of-line. The conduction mechanism in the structure is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and efforts are made to extract the relevant physical parameters. Gauge factors up to -32.5 were found in the fabricated devices under tensile stress. Finally, theoretical mechanical considerations give strong evidence that strain sensitivity in Al/Al2O3/Al structures originates not only from geometrical deformations but also from the variation of interface barrier height and/or effective electronic mass in the tunneling oxide layer.

Generation and evolution of nanoscale AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} particles in Al-Fe-P system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiao, Huan; Gao, Tong; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Wu, Yuying; Qian, Zhao; Liu, Xiangfa, E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Diffusion and gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. • Nanoscale AlP clusters are in-situ generated and evolve during the whole process. • This novel Al-Fe-P alloy has an excellent low-temperature refining performance on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. - Abstract: In this paper, the gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the whole reaction process undergoes four main stages: the diffusion of Al atom, the generation of (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compound, the precipitation of nano AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} clusters and their growth to submicron particles. The microstructure of Fe-P particles evolves from the “egg-type”, the “sponge-type” to the “sesame-cake” structure. AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} nano phases have in-situ generated and evolved during the whole process. The gradual reaction mechanism has been discussed. Furthermore, a novel Al-Fe-P alloy which contains (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compounds and nano AlP particles has been synthesized and its low-temperature refining performance on A390 alloy has also been investigated.

Linking better shiftwork arrangements with safety and health management systems

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Kazutaka Kogi

2004-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Various support measures useful for promoting joint change approaches to the improvement of both shiftworking arrangements and safety and health management systems were reviewed. A particular focus was placed on enterprise-level risk reduction measures linking working hours and management systems. METHODS: Voluntary industry-based guidelines on night and shift work for department stores and the chemical, automobile and electrical equipment industries were examined. Survey results that had led to the compilation of practicable measures to be included in these guidelines were also examined. The common support measures were then compared with ergonomic checkpoints for plant maintenance work involving irregular nightshifts. On the basis of this analysis, a new night and shift work checklist was designed. RESULTS: Both the guidelines and the plant maintenance work checkpoints were found to commonly cover multiple issues including work schedules and various job-related risks. This close link between shiftwork arrangements and risk management was important as shiftworkers in these industries considered teamwork and welfare services to be essential for managing risks associated with night and shift work. Four areas found suitable for participatory improvement by managers and workers were work schedules, ergonomic work tasks, work environment and training. The checklist designed to facilitate participatory change processes covered all these areas. CONCLUSIONS: The checklist developed to describe feasible workplace actions was suitable for integration with comprehensive safety and health management systems and offered valuable opportunities for improving working time arrangements and job content together.OBJETIVOS: Foram revisados diversas medidas de apoio úteis para incentivar abordagens conjuntas para a melhoria na organização do trabalho por turnos e os processos de gestão de saúde e segurança. As medidas para redução de risco em n

Japanese version of the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire (ALS-FTD-Q-J).

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Beeldman, Emma; Raaphorst, Joost; Izumi, Yuishin; Yoshino, Hiide; Masuda, Michihito; Atsuta, Naoki; Ito, Satoru; Adachi, Tadashi; Adachi, Yoshiki; Yokota, Osamu; Oda, Masaya; Hanashima, Ritsuko; Ogino, Mieko; Ichikawa, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Kazuko; Kimura, Hideki; Shimizu, Toshio; Aiba, Ikuko; Yabe, Hayato; Kanba, Makoto; Kusumi, Kimiyoshi; Aoki, Tetsuya; Hiroe, Yu; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Nishiyama, Kazutoshi; Nomoto, Masahiro; Sobue, Gen; Nakashima, Kenji

2016-08-15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share common clinical, genetic and neuropathological features. Some ALS patients have behavioral/personality changes, which could result in significant obstacles in the care provided by family members and caregivers. An easy screening tool would contribute greatly to the evaluation of these symptoms. We translated the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire, developed in the Netherlands, into Japanese (ALS-FTD-Q-J) and examined the clinimetric properties (internal consistency, construct and clinical validity). Patients with ALS and/or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were evaluated alongside healthy controls in this multicenter study. All ALS patients, regardless of bvFTD status, were further evaluated by the frontal behavioral inventory (FBI) and for frontal/executive function, cognition, anxiety/depression, and motor functions. Data from 146 subjects were analyzed: ALS (92), ALS-bvFTD (6), bvFTD (16), and healthy controls (32). The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q-J was good (Cronbach α=0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q-J showed construct validity as it exhibited a high correlation with the FBI (r=0.79). However, correlations were moderate with anxiety/depression and low with cognitive scales, in contrast to the original report, i.e. a moderate correlation with cognition and a low correlation with anxiety/depression. The ALS-FTD-Q-J discriminated ALS patients from (ALS-)bvFTD patients and controls. Thus, the ALS-FTD-Q-J is useful for evaluating Japanese ALS/FTD patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radiation detection with Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumura, Atsuki; Takahashi, Toru; Kurakado, Masahiko

1992-01-01

Superconductor radiation detectors have the possibility of 20-30 times better energy resolution than that of a high resolution Si detector. We fabricated Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions with low leakage current. X rays were detected with large area junctions of 178x178 μm 2 . High energy resolution of 160 eV for 5.9 keV was obtained. We also fabricated series connected junctions which covers a rather large area of 4x4 mm 2 . α particles injected into the rear substrate were detected using nonthermal phonons induced by the radiations in the substrate. (author)

ALS-Plus Syndrome: Non-Pyramidal Features in a Large ALS Cohort

Science.gov (United States)

McCluskey, Leo; Vandriel, Shannon; Elman, Lauren; Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.; Powers, John; Boller, Ashley; Wood, Elisabeth McCarty; Woo, John; McMillan, Corey T.; Rascovsky, Katya; Grossman, Murray

2014-01-01

Objective Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. Methods In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. Results Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, pALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. Conclusions ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation. PMID:25086858

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti 2 AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In situ Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite was fabricated by hot-pressing method via the reaction system of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150 ∘ C. The composite mainly consisted of TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 AlC phases. Fine Ti 2 AlC particles were homogeneously distributed and dispersed in the matrix.

Assessing behavioural changes in ALS: cross-validation of ALS-specific measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto-Grau, Marta; Costello, Emmet; O'Connor, Sarah; Elamin, Marwa; Burke, Tom; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Hardiman, Orla

2017-07-01

The Beaumont Behavioural Inventory (BBI) is a behavioural proxy report for the assessment of behavioural changes in ALS. This tool has been validated against the FrSBe, a non-ALS-specific behavioural assessment, and further comparison of the BBI against a disease-specific tool was considered. This study cross-validates the BBI against the ALS-FTD-Q. Sixty ALS patients, 8% also meeting criteria for FTD, were recruited. All patients were evaluated using the BBI and the ALS-FTD-Q, completed by a carer. Correlational analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BBI when compared to the ALS-FTD-Q, were obtained. The mean score of the whole sample on the BBI was 11.45 ± 13.06. ALS-FTD patients scored significantly higher than non-demented ALS patients (31.6 ± 14.64, 9.62 ± 11.38; p ALS-FTD-Q was observed (r = 0.807, p ALS-FTD-Q. Good construct validity has been further confirmed when the BBI is compared to an ALS-specific tool. Furthermore, the BBI is a more comprehensive behavioural assessment for ALS, as it measures the whole behavioural spectrum in this condition.

Plastic deformation of Al13Fe4 particles in Al-Al13Fe4 by high-speed compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoneyama, N.; Mizoguchi, K.; Kumai, S.; Sato, A.; Kiritani, M.

2003-01-01

Spray-formed Al-Fe alloys having undergone high-speed deformation were examined under a high-voltage electron microscope. Two types of specimens were examined; one containing fine Al 13 Fe 4 particles, and the other containing large particles. In the former specimen, deformation is found to proceed in three patterns, depending on specimen thickness and strain rate: (1) without deformation of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; (2) breaking of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; or (3) melting of the Al 13 Fe 4 . Local melting is found to alter some of the Al 13 Fe 4 particles, to impart five-fold symmetry in diffraction or an amorphous structure. In the latter specimen, introduction of glide dislocations enabled us to determine a shear system in the mc102 monoclinic c2/m crystal of Al 13 Fe 4 . On the bases of these observations, the mechanism of high-speed deformation is discussed while taking into account the highly stressed and/or heated states of Al 13 Fe 4 embedded in Al matrix

Synthesis and characterization of pillared bentonite with Al, AL/Fe and impregnated with Pd; Sintese e caracterizacao de bentonitas pilarizadas com Al, AL/Fe e impregnadas com Pd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcus Vinicius Costa; Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Molina, Carmen Belen, E-mail: marcus.ufpa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Instituto de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica; Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madri (Spain)

2017-10-01

In this work, a north american bentonite was pillared with Al and Al/Fe, creating the Al-PILC and Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. Then the Pd was impregnated in the materials, generating Pd-Al-PILC and Pd-Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric and N{sub 2} adsorption at 77 K to determine the specific surface area by BET method (Brunauer - Emmett - Teller). There was an increase in the basal spacing of bentonite from 12.4Å in the original sample to 17.81Å in the Al-Fe-PILC, 17.20Å in Pd-Al-PILC and 17.05Å in the Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The specific surface area increased from 19.05m{sup 2}/g in the original sample to 173.49m{sup 2}/g in Al-Fe-PILC, 101.31m{sup 2}/g to Pd-Al-PILC and 92m{sup 2}/g in Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The pillaring process was successful and the synthesized materials have great potential for use as catalysts. (author)

Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giridhar Pulletikurthi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

Orientation of Al3Ti platelets in Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material manufactured by centrifugal method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Y.; Fukui, Y.

1997-01-01

Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded materials (FGMs) were manufactured by the centrifugal method with a commercial ingot of Al-5 mass% Ti master alloy. The alloy was melted at a liquid/solid coexisting temperature, at which Al 3 Ti remains as a solid, and then it was cast into a thick-walled ring. It was found that the Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded material can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal method. It was also found that the volume fraction of the Al 3 Ti can be increased by repetition of the centrifugal method. Since the shape of Al 3 Ti particles in a commercial alloy ingot is that of a platelet, the Al 3 Ti particles are arranged with their platelet planes nearly perpendicular to the radial direction. The orientation effects become stronger when the G number becomes larger. Although the final centrifugal casting was conducted under a very large centrifugal force for the specimen cast three times, the orientation effects were weaker than those in the specimen cast one time. From these observations, it is concluded that the origin of orientation of Al 3 Ti platelets can be attributed to the angular velocity gradient of the melt along the radial direction produced by the difference in the viscosity. (orig.)

In situ synthesis of Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed TiAl powder coated with CNTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Nash, Philip [Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL (United States); Liu, Enzuo; He, Chunnian; Shi, Chunsheng; Li, Jiajun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2013-11-25

Highlights: •Using zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. •CNTs as carbon source decreased the formation temperature of Ti{sub 2}AlC. •Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was generated in situ from the oxygen atoms introduced in the drying procedure. •Nanosized Ti{sub 3}Al was precipitated at 1250 °C and distribute in the TiAl matrix homogeneously. •Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite was synthesized in situ by sintering pre-alloy Ti–Al coated with CNTs. -- Abstract: Bulk Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were in situ synthesized by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powders coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pre-alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powder was obtained by ball milling Ti and Al powders. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the carbon resource were covered on the surface of the pre-alloyed powders by immersing them into a water solution containing the CNTs. A zwitterionic surfactant was used to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. The samples were cold pressed and sintered in vacuum at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C, respectively. The results show that the reaction of forming Ti{sub 2}AlC can be achieved below 950 °C, which is 150 °C lower than in the Ti–Al–TiC system and 250 °C lower than for the Ti–Al–C system due to the addition of CNTs. Additionally, the reinforcement of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles was introduced in situ in Ti{sub 2}AlC/TiAl by the drying process and subsequent sintering of the composite powders. Dense Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were obtained by sintering at 1250 °C and exhibited a homogeneous distribution of Ti{sub 2}AlC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and precipitated Ti{sub 3}Al particles and a resulting high hardness.

27Al NMR studies of NpPd5Al2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chudo, H.; Sakai, H.; Tokunaga, Y.; Kambe, S.; Aoki, D.; Homma, Y.; Shiokawa, Y.; Haga, Y.; Ikeda, S.; Matsuda, T.D.; Onuki, Y.; Yasuoka, H.

2009-01-01

We present 27 Al NMR studies for a single crystal of the Np-based superconductor NpPd 5 Al 2 (T c =4.9K). We have observed a five-line 27 Al NMR spectrum with a center line and four satellite lines separated by first-order nuclear quadrupole splittings. The Knight shift clearly drops below T c . The temperature dependence of the 27 Al nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate shows no coherence peak below T c , indicating that NpPd 5 Al 2 is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap. The analysis of the present NMR data provides evidence for strong-coupling d-wave superconductivity in NpPd 5 Al 2 .

Magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN and AlNxOy barriers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwickert, M. M.; Childress, J. R.; Fontana, R. E.; Kellock, A. J.; Rice, P. M.; Ho, M. K.; Thompson, T. J.; Gurney, B. A.

2001-01-01

Nonoxide tunnel barriers such as AlN are of interest for magnetic tunnel junctions to avoid the oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. We have investigated the fabrication and properties of thin AlN-based barriers for use in low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Electronic, magnetic and structural data of tunnel valves of the form Ta (100 Aa)/PtMn (300 Aa)/CoFe 20 (20 Aa - 25 Aa)/barrier/CoFe 20 (10 - 20 Aa)/NiFe 16 (35 - 40 Aa)/Ta (100 Aa) are presented, where the barrier consists of AlN, AlN x O y or AlN/AlO x with total thicknesses between 8 and 15 Aa. The tunnel junctions were sputter deposited and then lithographically patterned down to 2 x 2μm 2 devices. AlN was deposited by reactive sputtering from an Al target with 20% - 35% N 2 in the Ar sputter gas at room temperature, resulting in stoichiometric growth of AlN x (x=0.50±0.05), as determined by RBS. TEM analysis shows that the as-deposited AlN barrier is crystalline. For AlN barriers and AlN followed by natural O 2 oxidation, we obtain tunnel magnetoresistance >10% with specific junction resistance R j down to 60Ωμm 2 . [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

Adaptaciones metodológicas para el análisis del discurso de niños con discapacidad intelectual: narrando sin lenguaje

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Dominique Manghi Haquin

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Dada la necesidad de comprender las formas de comunicación de personas con discapacidad intelectual para favorecer su participación social, este estudio trata la narración como una instancia discursiva autogestionada más allá del lenguaje. El objetivo es sistematizar una metodología que permita explorar su discurso narrativo usando una perspectiva multimodal. La descripción corresponde a las narraciones de quince escolares chilenos con discapacidad intelectual y escaso desarrollo de la lengua oral, pero con intención narrativa. A partir de la adaptación de una tarea de recontado, se analizan discursivamente sus producciones multimodales y se observan narraciones enfocadas en las acciones de los personajes y construidas a partir de una combinación de recursos comunicativos. La metodología resulta apropiada para dar cuenta de los recursos narrativos usados por estos estudiantes en los primeros años escolares y legitima sus estrategias narrativas, lo cual contribuye al desarrollo de la disciplina educación especial y al estudio de la comunicación desde una mirada inclusiva.

A study of the Al-rich part of the Al-Re alloy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balanetskyy, S.; Grushko, B.

2008-01-01

The Al-rich part of the Al-Re phase diagram was reinvestigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The earlier reported Al 12 Re, Al 6 Re, and Al 11 Re 4 phases were confirmed. Close to the Al 4 Re composition a high-temperature h-Al 4 Re and a low-temperature l-Al 4 Re phase were found to be formed at slightly different compositions. Both exhibited compositional ranges. A new phase was revealed close to the Al 3 Re composition. The Al 11 Re 4 phase is formed congruently at 1650 deg. C, Al 3 Re peritectically at 1610 deg. C, h-Al 4 Re peritectically at 1410 deg. C, l-Al 4 Re peritectically at ∼1000 deg. C, Al 6 Re peritectically at 813 deg. C and Al 12 Re peritectically at 746 deg. C. Finally, the Al 12 Re-(Al) eutectic is formed at 658 deg. C. The Al 3 Re and h-Al 4 Re are decomposed by eutectoid reactions at ∼946 and 833 deg., respectively. The structure of the h-Al 4 Re phase has not yet been clarified, but it is distinctly different from the Al 4 W phase suggested earlier. The structure of l-Al 4 Re was confirmed. The Al 3 Re phase was found to have a monoclinic structure with a = 0.5180(4) nm, b = 3.97641(9) nm, c = 0.4955(3) nm and β = 99.55(7) o

Abu al-Layth al-Libi

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

success. As an Arab participant acknowledged very early on, “the situation was really harsh. All the brothers were tired,” as they lacked food and... glorious battles that occurred during the early Islamic period.133 He stressed the importance of the battlefield as the path to achieve honor and dignity...diaspora in Waziristan. In the words of Walid Othmani, a French jihadi trained by al-Qa`ida in Waziristan in 2008, “[Al-Libi] was someone well-known and

Tácticas urbanas, escenario posnacional y constelación emblemática: investigaciones sobre la crisis en ‘Un oso rojo’ de Adrián Caetano (2002

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Wehr

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Un oso rojo, de Adrián Caetano, aborda a varios niveles, de una manera radical y original, la situación económica y social de la Argentina a principios del actual milenio. Esta dimensión política se articula a través de adaptaciones de varios géneros fílmicos, sobre todo el del western, gracias al cual se actualiza el tópico de civilización y barbarie para vincular esta fórmula fundadora de la historia argentina con una situación profundamente marcada por la crisis económica y política. Así, en la ponencia se analizarán las actualizaciones y combinaciones de ciertos modelos genéricos que evocan una sociedad posnacional, caracterizada por un proceso de fragmentación y pérdida del sentido de la solidaridad social.

La Festa o Misterio de Elche

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vives Ramiro, José M.ª

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The sacred-musical drama devoted to the Assumption, as performed yearly in Elche (a village in south-east Spain, is compiled in different documents along its history, above all the more recent past, revealing contributions, removals, adaptations or improvements on a medieval background and roots, as it is easily appreciated through modern transcriptions. Studying some peculiarities of text and music, we hope to contribute definitively to the clarification of its chronology.El drama sacro-lírico asuncionista representado en Elche anualmente está contenido en documentos que jalonan su historia, más reciente sobre todo, y ponen de manifiesto aportaciones, supresiones, adaptaciones o mejoras sobre un sustrato de raigambre medieval, como se aprecia fácilmente en sus transcripciones modernas. El estudio de algunas particularidades presentes en el texto y en la música contribuyen decisivamente al esclarecimiento de la cronología.

Relative growth and sexual dimorphism of Austinixa aidae (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae: a symbiont of the ghost shrimp Callichirus major from the southwestern Atlantic Crecimiento relativo y dimorfismo sexual en Austinixa aidae (Barchyura: Pinnotheridae: un simbionte del camarón fantasma Callichirus major del Atlántico sudoccidental

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Douglas Fernando Peiró

2011-07-01

y hembras fueron 2,4 veces más anchos que largos, lo que corresponde a la adaptación principal que las especies del género Austinixa, han desarrollado para vivir en ambientes crípticos. Además, los juveniles fueron proporcionalmente más redondeados. Los cambios en las proporciones biométricas de longitud y ancho del caparazón de A. aidae, fueron más pronunciados en machos y hembras, adaptaciones que facilitan el desplazamiento al interior de las galerías construidas por sus hospederos.

SAP-like ultrafine-grained Al composites dispersion strengthened with nanometric AlN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balog, M.; Krizik, P.; Yan, M.; Simancik, F.; Schaffer, G.B.; Qian, M.

2013-01-01

This paper reports the development of novel Sinter-Aluminum-Pulver (SAP)-like Al–AlN nanocomposites via replacing the native Al 2 O 3 thin films on fine Al powder with a large volume fraction of in situ formed nanometric AlN dispersoids. Fine gas-atomized Al powder (d 50 =1.3 µm) compacts were first partially nitrided at 590 °C in flowing nitrogen, controlled by a small addition of Sn (0.3–0.4 wt%), and subsequently consolidated by hot direct extrusion. The resulting Al–AlN composites consisted of submicrometric Al grains reinforced with nanometric AlN dispersoids together with some nanometric Al 2 O 3 dispersoids. An Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite fabricated this way achieved exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 227 MPa, yield strength of 195 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa at 300 °C, superior to typical SAP materials and coarse grained Al–AlN composites. In addition, the Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability up to 500 °C. The strengthening mechanism is discussed

Analisis Kecenderungan Manhaj Akidah Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera’i

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MOHD HAIDHAR KAMARZAMAN

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i is a very great and respected scholar during 16th and 17th century of Acheh. His knowledge in various fields recognized by local and international scholars. He had been a Qadi Malik al-’Adil, a religious leader, who became a referred by communities and country during the reign of the three Sultans of Aceh. He has authored nearly 40 pieces of books related to the theology and sufism. This study focuses on the methods used by Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i in his theological writings. This study found that Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i had used six methods in the such writings.

Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macwan, A.; Patel, V.K.; Jiang, X.Q.; Li, C.; Bhole, S.D.; Chen, D.L.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The optimal welding condition is achieved at 100 J and 0.1 s. • Failure load first increases and then decreases with increasing welding energy. • The highest failure load after welding is close to that of the clad sheets. • At low energy levels failure occurs in the mode of interfacial failure. • At high energy levels failure takes place at the edge of nugget region. - Abstract: Solid-state ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets, aiming at exploring weldability and identifying failure mode in relation to the welding energy. It was observed that the application of a low welding energy of 100 J was able to achieve the optimal welding condition during USW at a very short welding time of 0.1 s for the tri-layered clad sheets. The optimal lap shear failure load obtained was equivalent to that of the as-received Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets. With increasing welding energy, the lap shear failure load initially increased and then decreased after reaching a maximum value. At a welding energy of 25 J, failure occurred in the mode of interfacial failure along the center Al/Al weld interface due to insufficient bonding. At a welding energy of 50 J, 75 J and 100 J, failure was also characterized by the interfacial failure mode, but it occurred along the Al/Mg clad interface rather than the center Al/Al weld interface, suggesting stronger bonding of the Al/Al weld interface than that of the Al/Mg clad interface. The overall weld strength of the Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets was thus governed by the Al/Mg clad interface strength. At a welding energy of 125 J and 150 J, thinning of weld nugget and extensive deformation at the edge of welding tip caused failure at the edge of nugget region, leading to a lower lap shear failure load

KITAB AL-SANĪ AL-MAṬĀLIB: INTERKONEKSI NAHWU DAN TASAWUF

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Zakiyah Zakiyah

2012-12-01

Tulisan ini mereview buku yang berjudul al-Sanī al-Maṭālib yang ditulis oleh Kiai Nur Iman Mlangi Yogyakarta. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Arab yang me­ngandung interkoneksi antara ilmu Nahwu (tata bahasa Arab dengan mis­tisis­me. Buku ini sangat menarik karena kenyataan bahwa kedua pengetahuan tersebut memiliki aturan sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu, sangat sedikit penulis yang menulis dengan gaya seperti itu. Salah satunya adalah Syaikh Abdul Qadir bin Ahmad al-Kuhany dengan karyanya yang berjudul Manniyat al-Fāqir al-Munjarid wa Sayrat al-Murīd al-Mutafarrid. Buku al-Saniy al-Muthalib diduga telah ditulis pada akhir abad ke-18 atau awal abad ke-19, menurut periode kehidupan Kiai Nur Iman yaitu sekitar pertengahan abad ke-18. Aturan Nahwu dalam buku ini dijelaskan secara teosofi yang dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai tauhid (keesaan Tuhan sebagai kajian dasar bagi orang Islam, yang diikuti dengan makna dari masing-masing aturan bahasa Arab dalam aspek mistiknya.

Rekonstruksi Konsep Ijtihad: Studi Pemikiran Ben’umar tentang al-Ijtihad fi al-Waqi’

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Duski Ibrahim

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi’. This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi’ is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i, by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr. Because experts know the nash purposes, while researchers and scientists (al-khubara` know the reality (al-waqi’, the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect and challenges (tahaddiyat. The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic. At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to developed, for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi’ comes from theory about the functions of nash, al-manath theory in Islamic law, and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.

Study of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg and 26Al(n,α)23Na reactions using the 27Al(p,p')27Al inelastic scattering reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benamara, S; De Séréville, N; Hammache, F; Stefan, I; Roussel, P; Ancelin, S; Assié, M; Guillot, J; Le Crom, B; Lefebvre, L; Adsley, P; Laird, A M; Barton, C; Diget, C; Fox, S; Coc, A; Deloncle, I; Hamadache, C; Kiener, J; Lefebfre-Schuhl, A

2016-01-01

26 Al was the first cosmic radioactivity ever detected in the galaxy as well as one of the first extinct radioactivity observed in refractory phases of meteorites. Its nucleosynthesis in massive stars is still uncertain mainly due to the lack of nuclear information concerning the 26 Al(n,p) 26 Mg and 26 Al(n,α) 23 Na reactions. We report on a single and coincidence measurement of the 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(p) 26 Mg and 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(α) 23 Na reactions performed at the Orsay TANDEM facility aiming at the spectroscopy study of 27 Al above the neutron threshold. Fourteen states are observed for the first time within 350 keV above the 26 Al+n threshold. (paper)

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Li Xiaomin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Song Zhenlun [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)], E-mail: songzhenlun@nimte.ac.cn

2009-11-15

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei; Li Xiaomin; Song Zhenlun

2009-01-01

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

Al-Si/Al2O3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

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Zhang Jing

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al. The microstructure was observed by means of OM, SEM and TEM. The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix, and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements. The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix. However, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa, or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix. The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC and thermodynamic calculation. The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps. First, CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy, and second, Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature. At ZL109 casting temperature of 750–780 ℃, the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.

AlGaN nanocolumns and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ristic, J.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.A.; Ulloa, J.M.; Calleja, E. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez-Paramo, J.; Calleja, J.M. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Jahn, U.; Trampert, A.; Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)

2002-12-01

This work reports on the characterization of hexagonal, single crystal AlGaN nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30 to 100 nm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The change of the flux ratio between the Al and the total III-element controls the alloy composition. The Al composition trend versus the Al flux is consistent both with the E{sub 2} phonon energy values measured by inelastic light scattering and the luminescence emission peaks position. High quality low dimensional AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with five GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, embedded into the AlGaN columns, were designed in order to study the quantum confinement effects. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Adaptaciones al ejercicio físico en el perfil lipídico y la salud cardiovascular de obesos mórbidos.

Science.gov (United States)

Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Martínez-Salazar, Cristian; García-Pinillos, Felipe; Latorre-Román, Pedro

2017-01-01

To assess the effects of a physical exercise program on the lipid profile, weight status and the cardiovascular health of obese candidates for bariatric surgery. 22 morbidly obese patients participated in a 6-month physical exercise program. 16 formed the adherent group (attendance ≥ 80%; age: 37.81 ± 11.90 years) and six the non-adherent group (attendance Salud

KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

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Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

YU Huashun; CHEN Hongmei; MA Rendian; MIN Guanghui

2006-01-01

The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon-and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2+C2H2+NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time.It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

The formation of AlB2 in an Al-B master alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaoming

2005-01-01

The formation of borides in an Al-3 wt.%B master alloy, produced via chemical reactions of KBF 4 and aluminium has been investigated. The chemical reactions produce boron, which dissolves into molten aluminium and subsequently forms aluminium borides. Backscattered electron imaging (BEI) of the Al-3 wt.%B master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of two types of phases that contain different levels of boron. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the two types of phases are identified as AlB 2 on AlB 12 . This gives a direct evidence for a peritectic reaction of AlB 12 and aluminium, which produces AlB 2 . The thermodynamic properties of the reactions that may be involved are examined, and the presence of AlB 12 phase in the master alloy explained. The observed microstructure is explained according to the peritectic reaction in an Al-B phase diagram. The stability of AlB 2 and AlB 12 at lower temperature than 975 deg. C is clarified

Construction and evaluation of multi-component Zn-Al based bearing alloys (Zn-Al-Si, Zn-Al-Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahmiri, M.; Shahin, K.

2001-01-01

Zn-Al based alloys, with excellent mechanical properties, are finding increasing applications in various industries, especially bearing and bushing fields. Observed dimensional instabilities, in their multicomponent systems, (e. g. Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al Si-Cu), is believed to be as the result of some kinds of phase transformation, due to the temperature variations, while in service. Profound understanding of the phase transformations due to the temperature variation, requires detailed evaluations of the isothermal sections of the multi-components phase diagrams of Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al-Si-Cu alloy systems. In the present article, the isothermal sections of the aforementioned ternary and quaternary systems in the solid state regions have been investigated and observed phase transitions have been critically evaluated

The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2 H4- Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundell, Katie A; Zhang, Xinxing; Boldyrev, Alexander I; Bowen, Kit H

2017-12-22

The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si 2 H 4 , demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Marketing político: preceitos teóricos x práticas eleitorais

OpenAIRE

Campagnone, Zilda Maria Matheus

2010-01-01

Correlações entre preceitos teoricos ditados pelos especialistas em Marketing Político e as práticas eleitorais adotadas pelos candidatos a Presidência da República, que disputam o 2 turno das eleições presidenciais- Brasil/ 1989

Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Haoran; Mazumder, Baishakhi; Bonef, Bastien; Keller, Stacia; Wienecke, Steven; Speck, James S.; Denbaars, Steven P.; Mishra, Umesh K.

2017-11-01

In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (Al x Ga1-x N) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.

KRITIK ATAS KRITIK EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR M. ABIED AL JABIRI: Studi Kritis atas Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim

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Ahmad Fawaid

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper critically views the epistemology of Muhammad Abid al Jabiri’s interpretation in his book, Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim. His latest work is projected to make the Quran relevant to mankind today and with certainly critiquing classical Quranic studies that have been constructed by previous scholars. Starting from Arab criticism, which is expected to synergize the gap between Turath and modernity, al Jabiri tried out his theory in the realm of Quranic studies oriented to maintain its originality and interpretation from sectarian influence. Focusing on al Jabiri’s review on the Quran, this paper examines and associates some of the problems with the epistemology of critique in Arab reasoning. Finally, it is inferred that the epistemologic offer of al Jabiri used in Turath is not fully applicable in Quranic studies for several reasons. First, the Quranic studies existed within the chain of sanad in its formation. Secondly, at the application stage, al Jabri often overlooked the sanad and narrations from the companions.

Satisfacción del paciente en una Unidad de Diálisis: ¿Qué factores modulan la satisfacción del paciente en diálisis?

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Tais Pérez Domínguez

Full Text Available Introducción. La enfermedad renal requiere una atención sanitaria prolongada, en la que se conjugan tanto la competencia profesional como otras habilidades tanto emocionales como psicosociales. En dichos procesos crónicos, el usuario se convierte en el "centro del sistema", necesitando profesionales capaces de atenderles de una manera multidisciplinar. En este contexto, las políticas sanitarias no pueden desarrollarse sin tener en cuenta la opinión del paciente que supondrá un valor añadido para la percepción de su salud o bienestar. Objetivo. Conocer el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. En segundo lugar, conocer las variables que se asocian al aumento o disminución de la satisfacción de los pacientes en las unidades de diálisis. Material y Método. Participaron en la investigación 187 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 66 años. Utilizamos el cuestionario SERVQHOS modificado. Resultados. Los niveles de satisfacción fueron altos y similares a los de otras unidades en España. Los aspectos peor valorados por nuestros pacientes eran el "tiempo de espera", "el servicio de ambulancias" y la "calidad de la comida". Factores como la edad, el tiempo en diálisis, el sexo y el turno de diálisis (turno de mañana o de tarde modulan las puntuaciones en el cuestionario. Conclusiones. Identificar los factores que modulan la satisfacción es tan importante como evaluarla. Deben de tenerse en cuenta las variables inherentes del paciente, que están condicionando la satisfacción percibida.

Estudio cuali-cuantitativo sobre la atención de salud de niños menores de tres años en establecimientos de salud de nueve regiones pobres del Perú

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Luis Germán Cordero Muñoz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Evaluar cinco elementos importantes de la calidad de atención (espacio físico, equipamiento, personal, tiempo para la atención, y consejería en servicios de crecimiento y desarrollo (CRED de 18 establecimientos de salud (EE. SS. en nueve regiones con altos índices de pobreza en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuali-cuantitativo realizado en Amazonas, Apurímac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco, Huancavelica, Puno y Ucayali, que incluyó la observación directa (OD durante la atención de CRED, grupos focales (GF con usuarios (uno por establecimiento de salud, y entrevistas en profundidad (EEP con trabajadores de salud (dos por establecimiento de salud. Resultados. Se realizaron 18 OD para la verificación de ambientes y equipos, 23 OD de turnos completos de atención, 67 acompañamientos a usuarios de los servicios de CRED, 18 GF (118 madres participantes, y 36 EEP. Las madres y los profesionales de salud coincidieron en que existen limitaciones de infraestructura, equipamiento, materiales y personal que afectarían una atención de CRED de calidad. La demora en la atención, el incumplimiento de horarios, y la falta de calidez en la atención son los aspectos que generaron mayor insatisfacción en los usuarios. Solo en 24,3% del tiempo total de los turnos observados se realizaron actividades que generaron beneficio al usuario. Por su parte, la consejería estaría cumpliendo el objetivo de promover el mejoramiento de las prácticas de cuidado del niño. Conclusiones. El estudio ha permitido identificar debilidades y áreas de oportunidad para reorientar los servicios de CRED, en el marco de la política de fortalecimiento del primer nivel de atención del sector Salud.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Incidencia de estrés en odontólogos de diferentes especialidades ocasionado por ruido en el consultorio dental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Corina Flores Hernández

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El estrés es la condición que resulta cuando las personas y el medio ambiente interaccionan y lleva a la persona a una percepción alterada, real o imaginaria, entre las exigencias de una situación por un lado y sus consecuencias sociales, biológicas, psicológicas o de recursos. Los estímulos estresantes pueden ser mentales, fisiológicos, o físico-anatómicos1. En el caso particular de los odontólogos, no existe suficiente información en la literatura internacional en relación a los efectos que tiene en ellos la exposición al ruido producido por el instrumental necesario para llevar acabo los tratamientos. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y comparativo, con la finalidad de evaluar el nivel de percepción de estrés resultado de la exposición al ruido de un grupo de 45 estomatólogos. Todos los sujetos, contestaron una encuesta auto-aplicada sobre percepción de ruido originado por el uso de equipos que ocasionan estímulos detonadores de estrés. Este instrumento también incluyó preguntas sobre características y ambiente laboral. Los estomatólogos se clasificaron según su nivel de percepción de ruido en aquellos con bajo (90 dB de exposición. Estos grupos también se compararon en relación a la percepción de estrés. Resultados: El promedio de la edad y la antigüedad laboral de los sujetos estudiados fue de 41±8.4 y 15.9 ± 8.7 años, respectivamente. El 58%, mencionaron trabajar solo un turno y 42% trabajaban en los turnos matutino y vespertino. El 44% de los encuestados manifestaron percibir la intensidad del ruido al interior del consultorio como medio, el 40%, manifestó percibirlo como bajo, y el 13.3% dijo que éste era alto. Los valores promedio del nivel del ruido en decibelios, fueron significativamente mayores en los odontólogos generales al compararlos con los especialistas en odontología (t=-4.9, p 90dB/8 horas y los que refieren percibir el ruido como más intenso al compararlos

Dakwah Kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Kayu Khas Melayu Palembang

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Reza Pahlevi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap berbagai fenomena yang menggambarkan serangkaian kegiatan dakwah kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. Sehingga dapat diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai upaya penerapan program yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, pertama kontribusi Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang terhadap perkembangan metode dakwah kultural adalah dakwah melalui seni. Kedua, Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang sebagai tempat Wisata Religi yang sangat signifikan.   This research tries to reveal the various phenomenon that describe a series of cultural propaganda activities Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. In order to obtain some informations about the efforts of the implementation of the program in question. It can be concluded, the first contribution of Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang on the development of methods of cultural propaganda is propaganda through art. Second Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang as a very significant Religious Tourism.

Optical phonon scattering on electronic mobility in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, X. J.; Qu, Y.; Ban, S. L.; Wang, Z. P.

2017-12-01

Considering the built-in electric fields and the two-mode property of transverse optical phonons in AlGaN material, the electronic eigen-energies and wave functions are obtained by solving Schrödinger equation with the finite difference method. The dispersion relations and potentials of the optical phonons are given by the transfer matrix method. The mobility of the two dimensional electron gas influenced by the optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures is investigated based on the theory of Lei-Ting force balance equation. It is found that the scattering from the half-space phonons is the main factor affecting the electronic mobility, and the influence of the other phonons can be ignored. The results show that the mobility decreases with increasing the thicknesses of Al2O3 and AlN layers, but there is no definite relationship between the mobility and the thickness of AlGaN barrier. The mobility is obviously reduced by increasing Al component in AlGaN crystal to show that the effect of ternary mixed crystals is important. It is also found that the mobility increases first and then decreases as the increment of the fixed charges, but decreases always with increasing temperature. The heterostructures constructed here can be good candidates as metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistors since they have higher electronic mobility due to the influence from interface phonons weakened by the AlN interlayer.

Al2O3 adherence on CoCrAl alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kingsley, L.M.

1980-04-01

Adherence of protective oxides on NiCrAl and CoCrAl superalloys has been promoted by a dispersion of a highly oxygen reactive element or its oxide being produced within the protection system. Two aspects of this subject are investigated here: the use of Al 2 O 3 as both the dispersion and protective oxide; and the production of an HfO 2 dispersion while simultaneously aluminizing the alloy. It was found that an Al 2 O 3 dispersion will act to promote the adherence of an external scale of Al 2 O 3 to a degree comparable to previously tested dispersions and an HfO 2 dispersion comparable to that produced by a Rhines pack treatment is produced during aluminization

Tracing Al Shabaab’s Decision to Cooperate with Al Qaeda in Somalia (2008

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Adlini Ilma Ghaisany Sjah

2014-02-01

Full Text Available 'Al Shabaab, a Somali insurgent with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnational [global Jihad] and Islamic goals made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with Al Shabaab’s previous behaviour of actively denying cooperation and distancing itself from Al Qaeda. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab’s decision through the use of process-tracing. The results show that Al Shabaab’s declaration of cooperation with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about by a series of events that traced back to four factors: public reactions to the implementation of a Salafi ideology, the shift to a radical leadership, Al Shabaab’s inability to maintain stability in areas under its control and its increasing attacks by Al Shabaab on the Somali public. Al Shabaab pursued cooperation with Al Qaeda after realizing that their nationalistic preference was no longer achievable in the near future.' ' '

All About ALS

Science.gov (United States)

... Subscribe August 2015 Print this issue All About ALS Understanding a Devastating Disorder En español Send us ... Sports Concussions Wise Choices How Can I Help ALS Research? If you have ALS, join the National ...

Atomistic simulations of diffusion mechanisms in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan, Jinsong

2007-01-01

This paper presents dynamics simulation results of diffusion in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni 3 Al (Ni 73 Al 27 ) at temperature ranging from 1300 to 1550 K. The interatomic forces are described by the Finnis-Sinclair type N-body potentials. Particular attention is devoted to the effect of the extra 2% of Al atoms sitting on the Ni sublattice as antisite point defects (Al Ni ) on diffusion. Simulation results show that Ni atoms mainly diffuse through the Ni sublattice at the temperatures investigated. Al atoms diffuse via both the intrasublattice and antistructure bridge (ASB) mechanisms. The contribution to Al diffusion from the ASB mechanism decreases at the lower temperature (T Ni ) enhances both Al and Ni diffusion in Ni 73 Al 27 . The Ni-Al coupled diffusion effect is observed and understood at the atomic level for the first time

Methodology and Characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsirby AllamaIbn al-Jawzī (Urdu

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Dr. Muhammad Riaz al Azhari

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of AllamaIbn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbabal-Nuz┴l,Makki and MadaniSurah’s (chapters, the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikhwal-mans┴kh and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described. `

Phenotypic and genotypic studies of ALS cases in ALS-SMA families.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcia, Philippe; Vourc'h, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Couratier, Philippe; Dangoumau, Audrey; Bellance, Remi; Desnuelle, Claude; Viader, Fausto; Pautot, Vivien; Millecamps, Stephanie; Bakkouche, Salah; Salachas, FranÇois; Andres, Christian R; Meininger, Vincent; Camu, William

2018-03-01

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most frequent motor neuron disorders in adulthood and infancy, respectively. There is a growing literature supporting common pathophysiological patterns between those disorders. One important clinical issue for that is the co-occurrence of both diseases within a family. To collect families in which ALS and SMA patients co-exist and describe the phenotype and the genotype of ALS patients. Nine families with co-occurrence of SMA and ALS have been gathered over the last 15 years. Epidemiological, phenotype and genetic status were collected. Out of the nine families, six corresponded to the criteria of familial ALS (FALS). Clinical data were available for 11 patients out of the 15 ALS cases. Mean age of onset was 58.5 years, site of onset was lower limbs in nine cases (81.8%), median duration was 22 months. Four ALS patients carried a mutation: three mutations in SOD1 gene (G147N in two cases and one with E121G) and one repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene. Three patients had abnormal SMN1 copy numbers. While the high proportion of familial history of ALS cases in these ALS-SMA pedigrees could have suggested that these familial clusters of the two most frequent MND rely on a genetic background, we failed to exclude that this occurred by chance.

Simulator of a geotermoelectric unit for the training of operators; Simulador de una unidad geotermoelectrica para entrenamiento de operadores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tavira Mondragon, Jose Antonio; Lopez Aguilera, Diana Monica; Roldan Villasana, Edgardo Javier; Rodriguez Lozano, Saul [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

1999-07-01

The use of simulators replica in real time for operators training has demonstrated to be one of the best forms to enable the personnel of the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). This article shows the basic characteristics of a simulator replica of the Cerro Prieto geotermoelectric power station of Baja California. It is expected that with this simulator 400 people between operators, shift superintendents and operation and maintenance auxiliary personnel become qualified. [Spanish] El uso de simuladores replica en tiempo real para entrenamiento de operadores de centrales generadoras ha demostrado ser una de las mejores formas de capacitar al personal de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE). Este articulo muestra las caracteristicas principales de un simulador replica de la central geotermoelectrica de Cerro Prieto Baja California. Se espera que con este simulador se capaciten 400 personas entre operadores, superintendentes de turno y auxiliares de operacion y mantenimiento.

Eutectic microstructures of Al-ThA13 and Al-UA14 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, R.R.; Ambrozio Filho, F.

1990-01-01

This paper deals on the microstructures of systems Al-ThAl3 and Al-UAL4, which are composed by a non faceted phase (aluminium) and an intermetallic phase (ThAl3 or UAL4) which is normally faceted phase. (C.M.)

Interface reactions in the Al-Si-SiC and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, P.K. [Commission of the European Communities, Petten (Netherlands). Inst. for Advanced Materials; Fazal-Ur-Rehman [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Fox, S. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Flower, H.M. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; West, D.R.F.

1995-12-31

Structural and compositional observations are reported on the influence of the interfaces on the mechanisms and kinetics of liquid metal-ceramic reactions in Al-SiC, Al-Si-SiC, Mg-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites. The aluminium based materials contained up to 20 vol% SiC in particulate form, and were produced by a spray casting process; subsequently the interface reactions were studied in samples heated to temperatures up to 1100 C. The reaction product was Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} in both Al-SiC and Al-Si-SiC composites. The influence of the crystallography and topology of the SiC particle surfaces on the nucleation of the Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} has been demonstrated; surface asperities play an important role. Growth of nuclei proceeds to form continuous reaction product layers which control the subsequent kinetics. The magnesium based composites contained 5 vol% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} fibres (3 {mu}m in diameter), and were produced by a liquid infiltration process. SD Safimax fibres with relatively low and high porosity, and also RF Saffil fibres, with a silica binder, were investigated. Fibre porosity plays a major role in accelerating the penetration of Mg into the fibres with reaction to form MgO. Silica binder on the fibre surface transforms to MgO. The reaction rate was reduced by the presence of aluminium in the matrix. The factors controlling the reactions in the aluminium and magnesium based composites are compared. (orig.)

Estudo comparativo de padrões de sono em trabalhadores de enfermagem dos turnos diurno e noturno Comparative study of sleep patterns in nurses working day and night shifts

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Milva Maria Figueiredo de Martino

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar os padrões de sono de enfermeiros dos turnos diurno e noturno em um hospital de Campinas (SP, Brasil. Métodos. Participaram 59 enfermeiros entre 23 e 59 anos. Para os enfermeiros do dia, analisou-se o sono noturno, e, para os da noite, os sonos diurno e noturno. Os informantes preencheram um diário do sono durante 1 semana, ao acordar. Foram analisados hora de ir deitar, de dormir, e de acordar; latência do sono; horas de sono noturno e diurno; cochilos; qualidade do sono; modo de acordar; e comparação do sono registrado no diário com o sono habitual. Também foram coletadas informações pessoais e profissionais. Resultados. O grupo diurno ia dormir às 23h36min e o grupo noturno, às 23h52min (P Objective. To compare sleep patterns in nurses working day and night shifts in a hospital in Campinas (SP, Brazil. Methods. Fifty-nine nurses between 23 and 59 years of age participated in the study. For day shift workers, the pattern of nocturnal sleep was examined; for night shift workers, nocturnal and diurnal sleep patterns were examined. During 1 week, participants filled out a sleep diary right after waking up. The following items were assessed: time going to bed, falling asleep, and waking up; sleep latency; duration in hours of nocturnal and diurnal sleep; naps; quality of sleep; mode of waking up; and comparison between the sleep recorded in the diary with the usual sleep. Personal and professional information was also collected. Results. Day shift workers went to bed at 23h36min, and night workers at 23h52min (P > 0.05. The nurses working a day schedule woke up earlier (7h3min than those working a night schedule when they slept at night (8h30min (P <= 0.004, Wilcoxon. Mean sleep latency was 23min26s for day shift nurses versus 22min50s for night shift nurses; the duration of nocturnal sleep was 7h11min and 9h6min, respectively. Only day workers took naps (mean 2h3min. The average diurnal sleep of night shift nurses

KONSTRUKSI FIQH BUKHARI DALAM KITAB AL-JAMI’ AL-SHAHIH

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Abdul Sattar

2011-06-01

Popularitas Imam Bukhari sebagai penyusun kitab Hadits memiliki posisi yang tinggi di kalangan masyarakat muslim. Kitab Al-Jami ‘al-Shahih karya Imam  Bukhari dianggap sebagai koleksi hadits terbaik setelah Quran. Namun, tidak ada banyak informasi tentang kemampuannya di bidang Hukum Islam (fiqh. Ada beberapa pertanyaan yang dapat diajukan dalam hal tersebut;  pertama, apakah pemikiran Imam Bukhari dipengaruh salah satu dari empat fuqaha Sunni saat menulis al-Jami ‘al-Shahih?. Kedua, apa yang diupayakan Imam Bukhari untuk mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif, verifikatif dan hermenetical, artikel ini akan mengungkapkan bahwa Imam Bukhari tidak berada di bawah pengaruh madhab tertentu dalam mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam. Dia mengartikulasikan pandangannya dengan cara yang unik dan execelent berdasarkan kapasitasnya sebagai muhaddits.

Notas clínicas: un hallazgo operatorio

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Luis Laverde M.

1932-11-01

Full Text Available Un telefonazo de urgencia lleva una madrugada al Interno de Turno hasta el servicio, donde acaba de llegar un enfermo grave. En la sala encuentra un hombre de unos 40 años, pálido, angustiado. La dispnea intensa, con respiración superficial impide la palabra. Rápidamente, con voz  entrecortada, palabras silabeadas, da algunos datos anamnésticos. Hace unos tres años viene sufriendo de ataques. Son del apéndice, diagnóstico que se le hizo en Santa Marta. Cada dos o tres meses, se presenta un violento dolor gástrico que se irradia al miembro inferior derecho, con vómito y fiebre, constipación absoluta que dura tres o cuarro días y sólo se alivia por repetidos lavados. Ahora, lleva el dolor de instalado cuarenta y ocho horas; como siempre, se inició por un dolor epigástrico. El vómito, de tipo peritoneal ha sido abundante Pero la persistencia dolorosa ha sido extraordinaria en este ataque. Hace cuarenta y ocho horas igualmente no hay emisión de materias ni de gases.

La "historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus" en los Masalik al-Absar

OpenAIRE

Molina, Luis

2005-01-01

[ES]Los Masalik al-absar de Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari incluyen un breve resumen de la Historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus. En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones textuales entre ese pasaje y el Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan, crónica que resulta ser la fuente casi única utilizada por al-`Umari para redactar ese capítulo. [EN]The Masalik al-absar by Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari contains a brief summary of the Umayyad history in al-Andalus. In this article, the textual relationship between this p...

Relación del peso máximo con la fuerza aplicada y la potencia producida en un test creciente, en el ejercicio de press de banca plano con barra libre, en levantadores

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Fernando Naclerio Ayllón

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron 9 levantadores que realizaron 2 test, en el ejercicio de press de banca plano con barra libre. Un test progresivo con pesos ligeros a máximos (TPR, y el test de una máxima repetición (1 MRD. Se midió la fuerza (f, velocidad (v y potencia (p con cada peso movilizado, se determinó el máximo peso desplazado en una única repetición (1 MR. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el valor de la 1 MR obtenida en el test de 1 MRPr y el de 1 MRD, entre la potencia máxima (absoluta y relativa al peso corporal y la 1 MR absoluta y relativa al peso corporal. No se observaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05 entre el valor de la 1 MR obtenida en el test progresivo (1 MRPr y el alcanzado en el test de 1 MRD. Se acepta la aplicación del test progresivo (TPR para determinar los niveles de f, v, p, el valor de la 1 MR en kg, así como localizar los porcentajes de peso, respecto al nivel de la 1 MR, en donde se alcanzan los valores más altos de potencia mecánica, y estimar las adaptaciones funcionales inducidas por los entrenamientos de fuerza.

Cryptanalysis of Lin et al.'s Efficient Block-Cipher-Based Hash Function

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Liu, Bozhong; Gong, Zheng; Chen, Xiaohong; Qiu, Weidong; Zheng, Dong

2010-01-01

Hash functions are widely used in authentication. In this paper, the security of Lin et al.'s efficient block-cipher-based hash function is reviewed. By using Joux's multicollisions and Kelsey et al.'s expandable message techniques, we find the scheme is vulnerable to collision, preimage and second

From Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq to Kitāb al-dawā’ir: Reconsidering Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī’s Philosophical Treatise

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Eliyahu, Ayala

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The philosophical treatise known as Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq is generally ascribed to the 12th century Andalusian author Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī, although this attribution is sometimes contested. This paper offers a new interpretation of the title, textual history, authorship, sources, and literary genre of this treatise, on the basis of new textual evidence, a reexamination of known evidence, and a comparison between the treatise and Batalyawsī’s works. The conclusions of this study are first, that Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq was not the treatise’s original title, and therefore it should be renamed Kitāb al-dawā’ir; second, that Kitāb al-dawā’ir was originally part of (one of the versions of Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-masā’il; and third, that the textual and stylistic similarities between this treatise and Batalyawsī’s other works prove the authenticity of the treatise’s attribution to Batalyawsī. In addition, new findings regarding Batalyawsī’s use of formulas from the Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Safā, in Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il provide further evidence for the deep impact of the Ikhwān on Batalyawsī’s thought, as well as for the close connection between Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il. This connection is further highlighted according to the attribution of both treatises to the genre of questions and answers in Arabic literature. The evidence gathered in this paper supports the claim that Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-dawā’ir should be seen as an integral part of his literary oeuvre, as well as of Andalusian philosophical literature in general.Generalmente el tratado filosófico conocido como Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq se asocia al autor andalusí del siglo XII Ibn al-Sid al-Batalyawsī, aunque esta atribución ha sido discutida en ocasiones. Este artículo ofrece una nueva interpretación del título, la historia del texto, la autoría, las fuentes e incluso del género literario al que se

Theory and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Aluminum Coordination Complexes – Al K-Edge Studies of Charge and Bonding in (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlR2, and (BDI)AlX2 Complexes.

Science.gov (United States)

Altman, Alison B; Pemmaraju, C D; Camp, Clément; Arnold, John; Minasian, Stefan G; Prendergast, David; Shuh, David K; Tyliszczak, Tolek

2015-08-19

Polarized aluminum K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and first-principles calculations were used to probe electronic structure in a series of (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlX2, and (BDI)AlR2 coordination compounds (X = F, Cl, I; R = H, Me; BDI = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-diketiminate). Spectral interpretations were guided by examination of the calculated transition energies and polarization-dependent oscillator strengths, which agreed well with the XANES spectroscopy measurements. Pre-edge features were assigned to transitions associated with the Al 3p orbitals involved in metal-ligand bonding. Qualitative trends in Al 1s core energy and valence orbital occupation were established through a systematic comparison of excited states derived from Al 3p orbitals with similar symmetries in a molecular orbital framework. These trends suggested that the higher transition energies observed for (BDI)AlX2 systems with more electronegative X(1-) ligands could be ascribed to a decrease in electron density around the aluminum atom, which causes an increase in the attractive potential of the Al nucleus and concomitant increase in the binding energy of the Al 1s core orbitals. For (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 the experimental Al K-edge XANES spectra and spectra calculated using the eXcited electron and Core-Hole (XCH) approach had nearly identical energies for transitions to final state orbitals of similar composition and symmetry. These results implied that the charge distributions about the aluminum atoms in (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 are similar relative to the (BDI)AlX2 and (BDI)AlMe2 compounds, despite having different formal oxidation states of +1 and +3, respectively. However, (BDI)Al was unique in that it exhibited a low-energy feature that was attributed to transitions into a low-lying p-orbital of b1 symmetry that is localized on Al and orthogonal to the (BDI)Al plane. The presence of this low-energy unoccupied molecular orbital on electron-rich (BDI)Al distinguishes

Del view al share: el papel de la comunicación viral en la transformación del ecosistema mediático

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Alberto Dafonte-Gómez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Desde la irrupción, a mediados de la década de 1990, del concepto de ‘media virus’, el fenómeno de la comunicación viral no ha hecho más que expandirse, integrarse y transformar el ecosistema mediático. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre las transformaciones que el auge del comportamiento social de los usuarios ha producido en la forma en que empresas y medios de comunicación crean y distribuyen sus contenidos. Tras un recorrido inicial a través de las principales investigaciones sobre el comportamiento de los usuarios frente a los contenidos mediáticos y a las motivaciones que tienen para compartirlos con su comunidad, establecemos las relaciones entre estas nuevas pautas de consumo y distribución entre pares y las adaptaciones de los contenidos a las prácticas que se vienen operando en la actualidad, a través de un estudio de caso sobre las opciones de compartibilidad en los principales periódicos en línea de Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, España, Guatemala, México, Perú, Portugal y Venezuela.

Thermodynamic properties of Al-Mn, Al-Cu, and Al-Fe-Cu melts and their relations to liquid and quasicrystal structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaitsev, A I; Zaitseva, N E; Shimko, R Yu; Arutyunyan, N A; Dunaev, S F; Kraposhin, V S; Lam, Ha Thanh

2008-01-01

Thermodynamic properties of molten Al-Mn, Al-Cu and Al-Fe-Cu alloys in a wide temperature range of 1123-1878 K and the whole range of concentrations have been studied using the integral effusion method and Knudsen mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic functions of melts were described by the associated solution model. The possibility of icosahedral quasicrystal (i-QC) precipitation from liquid Al-Mn and Al-Cu-Fe alloys was found to be a consequence of the existence in liquid associates (clusters). A geometric model is suggested for the structure of associates in liquid

Comunidades indígenas: Entre la adaptación a alteraciones climáticas locales y el abandono de la agricultura

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Sandra Llovizna González Martínez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se indagan las respuestas de comunidades campesinas indígenas a las variaciones climáticas locales a partir de un caso en Chilchota, Michoacán, México. Es importante conocer los procesos emergentes que afectan la capacidad de producir parte de sus alimentos, en tanto que pueden elevar más el contexto de vulnerabilidad de dichas comunidades. Se presentan siete tipos de adaptaciones de los campesinos, los factores que inciden en la capacidad adaptativa y las diferenciaciones socio-productivas de los agricultores. Se enfatiza la importancia de las relaciones históricas y políticas regionales que posibilitan o restringen la capacidad de adaptación. Al mismo tiempo, se identifica el marco discursivo, proveniente del Estado y de agricultores capitalizados, que favorece la visión «moderna» de agro-negocios y contribuye a desestimar las respuestas colectivas basadas en saberes tradicionales y agroecológicos.

REPRESENTAÇÕES DA VULNERABILIDADE E DO EMPODERAMENTO POR ENFERMEIROS NO CONTEXTO DA AIDS

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Érick Igor dos Santos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue analizar las representaciones sociales de la vulnerabilidad y empoderamiento elaboradas por enfermeros en el contexto de las relaciones que mantienen con el ambiente de trabajo en el que cuidan de personas con VIH/Sida. Esta es una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, realizada con 30 enfermeros de un hospital público de referencia en el VIH/Sida. Se adoptó el referencial del abordaje procesal de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y sometidas al análisis de contenido temático por medio del programa Nvivo 9.0. La vulnerabilidad fue expresa en forma de encogimiento, insatisfacción, angustia, frustración, inseguridad, sobrecarga y estrés. Ya el empoderamiento, fue expreso en forma de relación interpersonal favorable, apoyo moral y operativo por parte del equipo, adaptaciones e improvisaciones, obtención de conocimiento científico y autoprotección profesional.

LA INCURSIÓN DE LA SALSA CHIMICHURRI EN EL MERCADO ITALIANO: ANÁLISIS DEL POTENCIAL EXPORTADOR

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María Guadalupe Arredondo-Hidalgo

2017-10-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la factibilidad de una pequeña empresa guanajuatense que produce salsa chimichurri para incursionar en el mercado italiano. Se realizó un análisis del potencial exportador a partir de cuatro dimensiones: a desarrollo del producto, b eficiencia en la producción, c estructura comercial y de mercadotecnia internacional, y d gestión comercial. Se analizaron también diferentes aspectos tales como la semejanza entre México y el país de destino para vender el producto. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la empresa es sujeta de internacionalizarse a partir de las adaptaciones al mercado italiano, y de la planeación interna de la misma. Se trata de una investigación de alcance descriptivo de corte mixto, basada en la aplicación de un cuestionario y de revisión documental.

Martín Fierro para la niñez argentina: la pedagogía del Gaucho en la escuela primaria

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Emiliano Casas, Matías

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Las recurrentes apelaciones a la función patriótica de las escuelas argentinas establecieron los parámetros que contextualizaron la circulación de la cultura gaucha en las aulas a partir de la década del treinta. En este ensayo, la atención se focaliza en la utilización del Martín Fierro y las adaptaciones operadas sobre las características del personaje original para que resultara “maestro legítimo” de los niños escolares. También se abordan las actividades propuestas a partir de la literatura gauchesca en pos de ejercitar distintos contenidos. Desde las políticas educativas, la figura del gaucho resultaba un recurso fundamental para promover una serie de valores estudiantiles. Ese posicionamiento implicó determinadas reconfiguraciones al gaucho para que el otrora considerado matrero y bandolero sea reconocido ahora como docente moralizador y ejemplo de patriotismo.

MARTÍN FIERRO PARA LA NIÑEZ ARGENTINA: LA PEDAGOGÍA DEL GAUCHO EN LA ESCUELA PRIMARIA

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Matías Emiliano Casas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Las recurrentes apelaciones a la función patriótica de las escuelas argentinas establecieron los parámetros que contextualizaron la circulación de la cultura gaucha en las aulas a partir de la década del treinta. En este ensayo, la atención se focaliza en la utilización del Martín Fierro y las adaptaciones operadas sobre las características del personaje original para que resultara “maestro legítimo” de los niños escolares. También se abordan las actividades propuestas a partir de la literatura gauchesca en pos de ejercitar distintos contenidos. Desde las políticas educativas, la figura del gaucho resultaba un recurso fundamental para promover una serie de valores estudiantiles. Ese posicionamiento implicó determinadas reconfiguraciones al gaucho para que el otrora considerado matrero y bandolero sea reconocido ahora como docente moralizador y ejemplo de patriotismo.

Avaliação populacional de lagartas e inimigos naturais em azevém, com rede de varredura

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Specht Alexandre

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Os noctuídeos constituem as principais pragas fitófagas de gramíneas e decisões sobre seu controle baseiam-se em porcentuais de desfolhamento, desconsiderando o grau de incidência da praga. Este estudo objetivou testar a rede de varredura na avaliação das populações de Noctuidae e principais grupos de inimigos naturais, em azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam., nos turnos da manhã e da noite. O trabalho foi conduzido em duas lavouras, em Salvador do Sul, RS. Realizou-se um experimento com coletas semanais e outro, complementar, com coletas em cada fase de desenvolvimento do azevém, mantendo criação laboratorial. No primeiro, foram coletadas 2.044 lagartas, das quais somente 151 foram coletadas no período matinal; à noite foram detectadas diferenças estatísticas entre datas de coleta e tamanho das lagartas. Também foram capturadas 387 aranhas, 577 microimenópteros e 983 outros insetos de interesse no controle biológico; houve significância estatística entre turnos e datas em relação a Carabidae, Forficulidae, Tachinidae, Nabidae, Vespidae, microimenópteros e Araneae. Do segundo experimento, obtiveram-se 11 espécies, das quais Pseudaletia sequax Franc., 1951, foi a predominante. O emprego da rede de varredura permite avaliar as populações de Noctuidae e principais grupos de inimigos naturais, em azevém, no turno da noite.

Sintering Behavior of CNT Reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 Nanocomposites

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Nouari Saheb

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Ball milling and spark plasma sintering were successfully used to produce carbon nanotube reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 nanocomposites which have potential applications in the fields of aerospace, automotive, electronics, and high precision instrumentation. Al2124 and Al6061 nanocomposite powders containing 0.5 to 2 wt.% CNTs prepared through sonication and wet ball milling were spark plasma sintered at 400, 450, and 500°C for 20 minutes under a pressure of 35 MPa. CNTs were better dispersed, and less agglomerated and had good adhesion to the matrix in composites containing 1 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNT content to 2 wt.% led to the formation of CNT clusters which resulted in less uniform and homogenous composite powders. Almost full densification of Al6061 reinforced with CNTs was achieved at 500°C. Also, CNTs reinforced Al2124 nanocomposites reached very high densities at 500°C. Composites reinforced with 1 wt.% CNTs displayed better densification compared to composites containing 2 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNTs content from 0.5 to 1 wt.% increased the hardness of the Al6061 and Al2124 alloys to maximum values. Further increase of CNTs content to 2 wt.% decreased the hardness to values lower than that of the monolithic alloys.

Tetragonal phase in Al-rich region of U-Fe-Al system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meshi, L.; Zenou, V.; Ezersky, V.; Munitz, A.; Talianker, M.

2005-01-01

A new ternary aluminide U 2 FeAl 20 with the approximate composition Al-4.2at% Fe-8.5at% U was observed in the Al-rich corner of the U-Al-Fe system. Transmission electron microscopy and electron microdiffraction technique were used for characterization of the structure of this phase. It has a tetragonal unit cell with the parameters a=12.4A and c=10.3A and can be described by the space group I4-bar 2m

Ilhaq al-Masa'il bi Nazairiha dan Penerapannya dalam Bahth al-Masa'il

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Luthfi Hadi Aminuddin

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Ilh}a>q al-Masa>’il bi Naz}a>iriha is one of the methods used by Nahdlatul Ulama in resisting the opinion based on (manhaji analytical concept of Islamic jurisprudence (the solution for complex social problems as the main purpose of Islamic shari’ah. As known that, up to now, ilh}a>q has been understood as a process of answering a new case by the way of equating to the old one which is written in the book called al-mu’tabarah. Such ilh}a>q has got many criticisms both from the definitions, procedures and its epistemogical footing. This paper is about to reveal how the NU clerics of Islam understand the concept of Ilh}a>q}, what its epistemological footing was and how the concept was applied in discussing many cases (bah}th al-masa>’il. Based on the writer’s study to several documents of decision results of NU that Ilh}a>q did not only simplify to equate the new cases with the old ones that have been freely discussed in the books of al-mu’tabarah, but both cases should have similar legal substance, that is, both should be under the decrees of laws of al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Thus, Ilh}a>q is actually answering the problem by applying al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah, whereas the formulation al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah itself was set off from the examination of a number of furu>’ generated by qiya> s. This paper also found three variations of the implementation of Ilh}a>q in bah}th al-masa>’il. First, the application of Ilh}a>q was without mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah which covered new cases (mulh}aq and the old case law that has been known in the books of fiqh (mulh}aq bih/attached to. Second, the application of Ilh}a>q was accompanied by mentioning mulh}aq bih and al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Third, the application of Ilh}a>q, was only by the mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah.

Nanoindentation studies of ex situ AlN/Al metal matrix nanocomposites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fale, Sandeep; Likhite, Ajay; Bhatt, Jatin

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Formation of in-situ phases nucleated on AlN particles strengthens the matrix. • Formation of in-situ phases increases with AlN content in nanocomposites. • Stronger in-situ phases results in increased hardness and modulus of elasticity. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline Aluminium nitride (AlN) powder is dispersed in different weight ratio in Aluminum matrix to fabricate metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) using ex situ melt metallurgy process. The synthesized Al–AlN nanocomposites are studied for phase analysis using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and for hardness behavior using microindentation and nanoindentation tests. Quantitative analysis of the oxide phases is calculated from thermodynamic data and mass balance equation using elemental data obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results. Role of oxide phases in association with AlN particles is investigated to understand the mechanical behavior of composites using nanoindentation tester. Load–displacement profile obtained from nanoindentation test reveals distribution of oxide phases along with AlN particle and their effect on indent penetration

Osteomalacia

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Ricardo Cediel

1958-09-01

Full Text Available El hueso está compuesto de una matriz ósea sobre la cual se deposita calcio y fósforo. La matriz ósea, a su turno está formada por una proteína, (colágeno y por carbohidratos.

Isothermal cross-sections of Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems at 673 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kutsenok, N.L.; Yanson, T.I.

1987-01-01

X-ray and microstructural analyses are used to study phase equilibria in Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems. Existence of SrAl 2 Ge 2 , Sr(Al, Ge) 2 Ba(Al, Ge) 2 , Sr 3 Al 2 Ge 2 , Ba 3 Al 2 Ge 2 ternary compounds is confirmed, a new BaGe 4 binary compound and also new ternary compounds of approximate composition Sr 57 Al 30 Ge 13 and Ba 20 Al 40 Ge 40 , which crystal structure is unknown, are detected. Aluminium solubility in SrAl 4 and BaAl 4 binary compounds (0.05 atomic fraction) is determined. Ba(Al, Ge) 2 compound homogeneity region is defined more exactly (aluminium content varies from 0.27 to 0.51 at. fractions)

Production of 26Al by spallation of Fe, Si, Al nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paillard, P.

1977-01-01

Cross sections for 7 Be, 10 Be and 26 Al formation in Al, Si and Fe targets bombarded with 0.6 and 24GeV protons have been measured by using highly selective chemical separation and low level background counters. Results for 26 Al at 0.6GeV are in mb: 17.9 + or - 2.7 in Al, 12.5 + or - 2.5 in Si and 0.45 + or - 0.14 in Fe; at 24GeV 2.6 + or - 0.5mb in Fe. Results for 10 Be are not valid on account of experimental difficulties. It is deduced from these values of aluminium in cosmic ray propagation that 26 Al is not yet cosmic ray chronometer [fr

143 - 148_Makeri et al.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2015-06-01

Jun 1, 2015 ... Yuan et al., 2003), antimicrobial activity (Sundarrao et al., 1993; Betancur-Galvis et al., 1999; Takashi et al., 2006), anti-parasitic, anti-malarial activities (Alali et al., 1998; Jaramillo et al., 2000; Luna et al.,. 2005). This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of extract of stem –bark and leaf extracts of Annona.

Rapports de parenté et de production à San Juan, haute vallée du Chancay, Pérou

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1975-01-01

ón individual de dinero (por venta de frutas, o productos de la crianza de ganado. La división sexual del trabajo es observada atentamente al final del artículo. Relations of relationship in the organization of andean communities are particularly important and this is also the case of San Juan. Utilization and distribution of water in function of the turnos are also related to different combinations based upon relations of relationship. It is probable that the organization of water turns in the village itself and by parts is also related to family distribution. Cattle raising is also tied to these relations of relationship, principally for the elaboration of cheese: there women play an important part as for the irrigation. So, relations of relationship settle a precious capital, but only in the case of a traditional society functioning by mutual prestatations. Now, we will see today free work development helped by possibilities of individual accumulation of money (fruit and cattle raising product selling. At the end, we will consider sexual work differentiations.

Phase relationships in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Ligang; Masset, Patrick J.; Cao Fuyong; Meng Fangui; Liu Libin; Jin Zhanpeng

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er in Al-rich region with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. → The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results. → It can be found that the resultant thermodynamic database can be applied to case studies of as-cast alloys, showing that the literature thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Er system is reliable as a working basis for computer-assisted alloy design. - Abstract: The Al-rich region of the ternary Al-Cu-Er system is investigated using the method of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Phase equilibria in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system at 673 K have been obtained, and the microstructures of as-cast alloys in the Al-rich region are also investigated. One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results.

Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sherafat, Z.; Paydar, M.H.; Ebrahimi, R.; Sohrabi, S.

2010-01-01

In the present study, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material were investigated. The two-phase materials were fabricated by mixing commercially pure Al powder with Al7075 chips and consolidating the mixture through hot extrusion process at 500 o C. Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of the fabricated samples were evaluated using tensile and compression tests. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the fracture surface of the samples including different amount of Al powder, after they were fractured in tensile test. The results of the tensile and compression tests showed that with decreasing the amount of Al powder, the strength increases and ductility decreases. Calculation of work hardening exponent (n) indicated that deformation behavior does not follow a regular trend. In a way that the n value was approved to be variable and a strong function of strain and Al powder wt% of the sample. The results of the fractography studies indicate that the type of fracture happened changes from completely ductile to nearly brittle by decreasing the wt% of Al powder from 90% to 40%.

A Scholar from Saray: Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353–791/1389 in the Biographical Dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365–845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book

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D.R. Zaynuddinov

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Research objective: to introduce into academic circulation previously unknown source on the Golden Horde history. Research materials: biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365 – 845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book. Results and novelty of the research: This article contains materials from the works of historians engaged in the narrative biography, which V.G. Tiesenhausen did not include in his “Collection of Materials on the Golden Horde history (extract from Arab writings”, although their writings contain very valuable information about the Golden Horde History. Research novelty consists in the fact that the author of this article presents one paragraph from biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi, whose article number 421 provides information about a scholar from Saray – Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi. The author provides its translation and commentary referring to the more than ten medieval Arab sources. After receiving basic education at home, Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi traveled to many Eastern countries in search of knowledge and after having received high recognition he settled in Cairo as a teacher of Sharia Sciences. Despite the fact that his life was interrupted at an early age (36 years, he left a deep mark in science. His son Muhibbu al-Din (Cairo, 791/1389 – Mecca, Friday, the 3rd of Dhu al-Hijjah 859/13 November 1455 also became a great scholar as well as an imam of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay himself and other sultans after him. Nisba al-Sarayi sounded on the lips of the Ulema of the East as a symbol of learnedness and high temper. As a result of research it must be said that the study of life of Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353 – 791/1389 and the number of migrants from Desht-i Kipchak in Egypt will help researchers in a deeper and more detailed study of the Golden Horde history.

Improved AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Grown on Si Substrates Using Stacked AlGaN/AlN Interlayer by MOCVD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yong; Yu Nai-Sen; Li Ming; Lau Kei-May

2011-01-01

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are grown on 2-inch Si (111) substrates by MOCVD. The stacked AlGaN/AlN interlayer with different AlGaN thickness and indium surfactant doped is designed and optimized to relieve the tensile stress during GaN epitaxial growth. The top 1.0μm GaN buffer layer grown on the optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer shows a crack-free and shining surface. The XRD results show that GaN(002) FWHM is 480 arcsec and GaN(102) FWHM is 900 arcsec. The AGaN/GaN HEMTs with optimized and non-optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer are grown and processed for comparison and the dc and rf characteristics are characterized. For the dc characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, maximum drain current density I dss of 737mA/mm, peak transconductance G m of 185mS/mm, drain leakage current density I ds of 1.7μA/mm, gate leakage current density I gs of 24.8 μA/mm and off-state breakdown voltage V BR of 67 V are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/10/1/1 μm. For the small signal rf characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, current gain cutoff frequency f T of 8.3 GHz and power gain cutoff frequency f max of 19.9 GHz are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/100/1/1 μm. Furthermore, the best rf performance with f T of 14.5 GHz and f max of 37.3 GHz is achieved with a reduced gate length of 0.7μm. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Konsepsi Ibnu Jarir Al-Tabari Tentang Al-Qur’an, Tafsir Dan Ta’wil

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A.M Ismatulloh

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research is to describe the concept of Ibnu Jarir al-Tabari about al-Qur’an, tafsir and ta’wil. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari is an outstanding expert in the classic Islamic tradition. His knowledge in hadits, fiqh, lughah, history, and tafseer is unquestionable. This study uses an analytical descriptive design. The findings show that: Firstly, in defining al-Qur’an, al-Tabari focused on the al-Qur’an as an Arabic language text, not in other language. Secondly, al-Qur’an is written in sab’ah ahruf. It means that there are 7 different kinds of language with the same meaning. Thirdly, al-Qur’an comes from seven heaven’s door. Fourthly, there is no different word between tafseer and ta’wil. They have same meaning. These concepts are different to other concepts proposed by other ulama.

Predicting glass-forming compositions in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gargarella, P.; de Oliveira, M.F.; Kiminami, C.S.; Pauly, S.; Kuehn, U.; Bolfarini, C.; Botta, W.J.; Eckert, J.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The glass-forming ability of the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems was studied using the λ* and the λ.Δe criteria. → Both criteria predicted with just 1% at. of error the best glass-former verified so far in the Al-La system. → Four new glass-former compositions could be predicted in the Al-La-Ni system using the λ.Δe criterion. → The best glass-former reported so far in the Al-La-Ni system was found. - Abstract: In this work, a criterion considering the topological instability (λ) and the differences in the electronegativity of the constituent elements (Δe) was applied to the Al-La and Al-Ni-La systems in order to predict the best glass-forming compositions. The results were compared with literature data and with our own experimental data for the Al-La-Ni system. The alloy described in the literature as the best glass former in the Al-La system is located near the point with local maximum for the λ.Δe criterion. A good agreement was found between the predictions of the λ.Δe criterion and literature data in the Al-La-Ni system, with the region of the best glass-forming ability (GFA) and largest supercooled liquid region (ΔT x ) coinciding with the best compositional region for amorphization indicated by the λ.Δe criterion. Four new glassy compositions were found in the Al-La-Ni system, with the best predicted composition presenting the best glass-forming ability observed so far for this system. Although the λ.Δe criterion needs further refinements for completely describe the glass-forming ability in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems, the results demonstrated that this criterion is a good tool to predict new glass-forming compositions.

Electric quadrupole moments of neutron-rich nuclei {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kameda, D., E-mail: kameda@ribf.riken.jp; Ueno, H. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Asahi, K.; Nagae, D.; Takemura, M.; Shimada, K. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Yoshimi, A.; Nagatomo, T.; Sugimoto, T. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Uchida, M.; Arai, T.; Takase, K.; Suda, S.; Inoue, T. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Murata, J.; Kawamura, H. [Rikkyo University, Department of Physics (Japan); Watanabe, H. [Australian National University, Department of Nuclear Physics (Australia); Kobayashi, Y.; Ishihara, M. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan)

2007-11-15

The electric quadrupole moments for the ground states of {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al have been measured by the {beta} ray-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance method. Spin-polarized {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al nuclei were obtained from the fragmentation of {sup 40}Ar projectiles at E/A = 95 MeV/nucleon, and were implanted in a single crystal {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stopper. The measured Q moment of {sup 32}Al, |Q({sup 32}Al)| = 24(2) mb, is in good agreement with a conventional shell-model calculation with a full sd model space and empirical effective charges, while that of {sup 31}Al is considerably smaller than the sd calculations.

The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markoli, B.; Spaic, S.; Zupanic, F.

2001-01-01

The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation (α Al , β Si , Al 3 Sm, Al 2 Si 2 Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L → α Al + β Si + Al 2 Si 2 Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al 3 Sm → α Al + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm → α Al + Al 2 Si 2 Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

Disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON, Al10O3N8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banno, Hiroki; Funahashi, Shiro; Asaka, Toru; Hirosaki, Naoto; Fukuda, Koichiro

2015-01-01

The disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON (Al 10 O 3 N 8 ) was determined by combined use of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The title compound is hexagonal with space group P6 3 /mmc (Z=2) and the unit-cell dimensions are a=0.307082(5) nm, c=5.29447(8) nm and V=0.432376(12) nm 3 . The structural model showed the positional disordering of three of the six Al sites in the unit cell. The reliability indices calculated from the Rietveld method were R wp =6.97%, S (=R wp /R e )=1.68, R p =5.45%, R B =5.13% and R F =4.56%. We interpreted the disordered structure of 20H-AlON as a statistical average of six different types of ordered structural configurations, which are composed of an octahedral [Al(O, N) 6 ] layer and tetrahedral [Al(O, N) 4 ] layers. We demonstrated the high correlations between the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions and the octahedral layer concentrations for AlON and SiAlON polytypoids. - Graphical abstract: Variations of a and c/(n O +n T ) with n O /(n O +n T ). The a and c are the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions of AlON, SiAlON and AlN. The n O and n T are, respectively, the numbers of octahedral and tetrahedral layers in the unit cells. The unit-cell dimensions in literature are plotted in black plus for AlON and black cross for SiAlON. The unit-cell dimensions of AlN are a=0.3110 nm and c=0.4980 nm. - Highlights: • Crystal structure of Al10O3N8 is determined by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. • The atom arrangements are represented by the split-atom model. • Six types of ordered atom arrangements are derived from the disordered structure. • Hexagonal unit-cell dimensions changed systematically for AlON and SiAlON compounds

Prinsip Pendidikan Karakter dalam Islam: Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Al-Ghazali dan Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji

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Agus Setiawan

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The impelemtantion of character education that is done by the Indonesian government recently has been provoked by al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji long ago. It was proven by some written thoughts of al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They were very famous scientists in their era and widely welknown as educational experts who produced some phenomenal thoughts many people use today. Al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji lived in the era of Bani Abbasiyah monarchy, but Both of them lived in different era. Al-Ghazali was born first, then Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They had different mazhab, al-Ghazali went to the traditional principle of mazhab Syafi’I and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji went to the modern principle of mazhab Hanafi. The differences, of course, would create a different thought. Still, they might have a similar principle of Islamic character education. The thoughts of character education of al-Ghazali have been poured in the “Ayyuha Walad” focusing to the students’ character building characterized by religiously obedient, skillfull of general and religious knowledge, socially helpful, affectionate, generous, good citizen, and coloring the society. Some applicable thoughts of character education of Ayyuha al-Walad of al-Gazhali to the contemporary education are: the balance of the happiness purposes of the recent life and the life after death, qana’ah and tawakal, affectionate, caring other, patience, honesty, philanthrophy, social works, generousity, democratic, peace makers, and patriotic. Those characters are also directed in the islamic character education nowdays. So that, the thoughts of al-Ghazali positively and responsively are absorbed by the Indonesian government to build the national character widely implementing in the national curriculum based on the local wisdom and the Islamic values. In the end, the students are able to live happily based on the Islamic rules by implementing the good behavior. Similar to the al

FRACTIONAL RECRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN DIRECTLY COLD ROLLED Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc AND Al-Mg-Sc-Zr ALLOY

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M. S. Kaiser

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of texture as a function of recrystallization has been characterized for directly cold rolled Al-6Mg, Al-6Mg-0.4Sc and Al-6Mg-0.4Sc-0.2Zr alloys. Samples were annealed isothermally at 400 °C for 1 to 240 minutes to allow recrystallization. Recrystallization kinetics of the alloys is analyzed from the micro-hardness variation. Isothermally annealed samples of aluminum alloys were also studied using JMAK type analysis to see if there exists any correlation between the methods. Recrystallization fraction behavior between two methods the scandium added alloys show the higher variation due to precipitation hardening and higher recrystallization behavior. The scandium and zirconium as a combined shows the more variation due to formation of Al3(Sc, Zr precipitate. From the microstructure it is also observed that the base Al-Mg alloy attained almost fully re-crystallized state after annealing at 400 °C for 60 minutes

Chemical failure modes of AlQ3-based OLEDs: AlQ3 hydrolysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Knox, John E; Halls, Mathew D; Hratchian, Hrant P; Schlegel, H Bernhard

2006-03-28

Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III), AlQ3, is used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as an electron-transport material and emitting layer. The reaction of AlQ3 with trace H2O has been implicated as a major failure pathway for AlQ3-based OLEDs. Hybrid density functional calculations have been carried out to characterize the hydrolysis of AlQ3. The thermochemical and atomistic details for this important reaction are reported for both the neutral and oxidized AlQ3/AlQ3+ systems. In support of experimental conclusions, the neutral hydrolysis reaction pathway is found to be a thermally activated process, having a classical barrier height of 24.2 kcal mol(-1). First-principles infrared and electronic absorption spectra are compared to further characterize AlQ3 and the hydrolysis pathway product, AlQ2OH. The activation energy for the cationic AlQ3 hydrolysis pathway is found to be 8.5 kcal mol(-1) lower than for the neutral reaction, which is significant since it suggests a role for charge imbalance in promoting chemical failure modes in OLED devices.

Study on Mg/Al Weld Seam Based on Zn–Mg–Al Ternary Alloy

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Liming Liu

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Based on the idea of alloying welding seams, a series of Zn–xAl filler metals was calculated and designed for joining Mg/Al dissimilar metals by gas tungsten arc (GTA welding. An infrared thermography system was used to measure the temperature of the welding pool during the welding process to investigate the solidification process. It was found that the mechanical properties of the welded joints were improved with the increasing of the Al content in the Zn–xAl filler metals, and when Zn–30Al was used as the filler metal, the ultimate tensile strength could reach a maximum of 120 MPa. The reason for the average tensile strength of the joint increasing was that the weak zone of the joint using Zn–30Al filler metal was generated primarily by α-Al instead of MgZn2. When Zn–40Al was used as the filler metal, a new transition zone, about 20 μm-wide, appeared in the edge of the fusion zone near the Mg base metal. Due to the transition zones consisting of MgZn2- and Al-based solid solution, the mechanical property of the joints was deteriorated.

Optical, structural, and nuclear scientific studies of AlGaN with high Al composition

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Tse Yang; Chung, Yee Ling; Li, Lin; Yao, Shude; Lee, Y. C.; Feng, Zhe Chuan; Ferguson, Ian T.; Lu, Weijie

2010-08-01

AlGaN epilayers with higher Al-compositions were grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on (0001) sapphire. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylaluminium (TMAl) and NH3 were used as the source precursors for Ga, Al, and N, respectively. A 25 nm AlN nucleation layer was first grown at low-temperature of 590 °C at 300 Torr. Followed, AlxGa1-xN layers were grown at 1080 °C on low-temperature AlN nucleation layers. The heterostructures were characterized by a series of techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Precise Al compositions were determined through XRD, RBS, and SEM combined measurements. Room Temperature Raman Scattering spectra shows three major bands from AlGaN alloys, which are AlN-like, A1 longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, and E2 transverse optical (TO) band, respectively, plus several peak comes from the substrate. Raman spectral line shape analysis lead to an optical determination of the electrical property free carrier concentration of AlGaN. The optical properties of AlGaN with high Al composition were presented here.

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of Al--Nb and Al--Ta thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rai, A.K.; Bhattacharya, R.S.; Mendiratta, M.G.; Subramanian, P.R.; Dimiduk, D.M.

1988-01-01

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of thin, alternating layers of Al and Nb, as well as Al and Ta, were investigated by selected area diffraction and Rutherford backscattering. The individual layer thicknesses were adjusted to obtain the overall compositions as Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta. The films were ion mixed with 1 MeV Au + ions at a dose of 1 x 10 16 ions cm/sup -2/ . Uniform mixing and amorphization were achieved for both Al--Nb and Al--Ta systems. Equilibrium crystalline Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases were formed after annealing of ion mixed amorphous films at 400 0 C for 6 h. Unmixed films, however, remained unreacted at 400 0 C for 1 h. Partial reaction was observed in the unmixed film of Al--Nb at 400 0 C for 6 h. After annealing at 500 0 C for 1 h, a complete reaction and formation of Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases in the respective films were observed. The influence of thermodynamics on the phase formation by ion mixing and thermal annealing is discussed

Effect of elevated Al and pH on the growth and root morphology of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat seedlings in an acid soil

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Md. Toufiq Iqbal

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Aluminium ion (Al3+ toxicity and hydrogen ion (H+ activity are the major constraints for plant growth in acid soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pH and Al on the growth response and changes in root morphology of Al-tolerant (ET8 and Al-sensitive (ES8 wheat seedlings. Different levels of AlCl3 and CaCO3 were added to the soils to manipulate soil pH and extractable Al. The results showed that the bulk soil pH remained constant at pH 4.1 with further applications of AlCl3, and that the seedlings died at the 200 mg AlCl3/kg treatments. The ET8 seedlings responded better than the ES8 seedlings in both low and high Al and pH. The ET8 seedlings had higher root surface areas and root tip numbers than the ES8 seedlings in the Al treatment. In contrast, the ES8 had higher root diameters than the ET8 seedlings due to the elevated Al supply. Apoplast Al increased with the increase of soil available extractable Al, and declined with the decrease of soil extractable Al. The ET8 seedlings accumulated more Al in their apoplast than the ES8 seedlings. This study concluded that accumulation of Al in the apoplast is also involved in Al tolerance mechanism with the addition of organic acid exudation.

Information of “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” by ad-Dimashqi about the Turkic Tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak »

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Z.S. Ilyasova

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article introduced into academic circulation information of such a historical source as “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” (Excerpts of Time on the Marvels of the Land and Sea on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. The material of the study is drawn from this source. Main scientific result of this work was the source’s translation into Russian accompanied by scientific comments. Sheikh Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad Abu Talib al-Ansari al-Sufi al-Dimashqi was the author of this work. Some scholars have mistakenly confuse him with another chronicler named Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Yahya Ibn Fadlallah al-Omari al-Dimashqi. There is a widespread misconception that while writing on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes al-Dimashqi used the data of such an author as Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Ansari al-Qutub al-Warraq al-Vatvat, also known as Ahmad al-Tini. After had studying the manuscripts of al-Tini and al-Dimashqi, we did not notice the connection between these two authors regarding their information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. After had studying the information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak, we put forward the theory that 16 ethnonyms previously identified as Kipchak clans, are actually the etnonyms of eight Kipchak clans and eight Turkic tribes. The article also contains the extraction from “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” regarding the geography of Dasht-i Kipchak and the countries inhabited by the Turks. The following data are unique in this source: 1. The text describes such rivers as Ceyhun (Amu Darya, Seyhun (Syr Darya, Itil (Volga, as well as Khorezm and Khazar Seas (Aral and Caspian Seas. 2. Additionally, this text lists the following Turkic peoples: al-Kharlukhiya (Karluks, al-Khirgaziya (Kyrgyz, al-Kaymakiya (Kimaks, al-Guzziya (Oguz, al-Bazhanakiya (Pechenegs, al-Tuguzguziya (Uighurs, al-Khulkhiya (?, al

Studies on SiC(p) reinforced Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic matrix composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masrom, A.K.; Foo, L.C.; Ismail, A.B.

1996-01-01

An investigation on processing of Al-5.69wt% Ni eutectic with SiC particulate composites is reported. The intermetallic composites are prepared by elemental powder metallurgy route and sintered at two different temperatures, i.e., 600 degree C and 620 degree C. Results show that the metal matrix was Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic. The phase analysis by XRD identified the presence of Al sub 3 Ni and Al as dominant phases together with silicon and Al sub 4 C sub 3 phase as minor phases. The Al sub 4 C sub 3 and Si phases are formed during sintering due to SiC-Al interface reaction. SEM micrographs also reveal the formation of microvoid surrounding the SiC particle

The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markoli, B.; Spaic, S. [Ljubljana Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering; Zupanic, F. [Maribor Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

2001-09-01

The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation ({alpha}{sub Al}, {beta}{sub Si}, Al{sub 3}Sm, Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + {beta}{sub Si} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al{sub 3}Sm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

Electronic Structures and Bonding Properties of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

MIN Xinmin; REN Yi

2007-01-01

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and doping Si into Ti2AlC was studied by density function and the discrete variation (DFT-DVM) method. After adding Si into Ti2AlC, the interaction between Si and Ti is weaker than that between Al and Ti, and the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds decrease both. The ionic and covalent bonds in Ti3AlC2, especially in Ti-Al, are stronger than those in Ti2AlC. Therefore, in synthesis of Ti2AlC, the addition of Si enhances the Ti3AlC2 content instead of Ti2AlC. The density of state (DOS) shows that there is mixed conductor characteristic in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The DOS of Ti3AlC2 is much like that of Ti2AlC. Ti2SixAl1-x C has more obvious tendency to form a semiconductor than Ti2AlC, which is seen from the obvious difference of partial DOS between Si and Al3p.

Pornographie als Metapher

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Caroline Schubarth

2010-02-01

Full Text Available In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche metaphorische Verwendungen des Pornografiebegriffs und deren Implikationen untersucht. Während die Existenz von Pornografie der feministischen Anti-Porno-Bewegung als Erklärung für die anhaltende Diskriminierung von Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften dient, nutzen rechtskonservative Kräfte den Pornografievorwurf als Rechtfertigung für die Zensur von als deviant empfundenen Identitäten und sexuellen Praktiken.

Deletion of ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 increases adhesion of Candida albicans to human vascular endothelial and buccal epithelial cells

OpenAIRE

ZHAO, XIAOMIN; OH, SOON-HWAN; HOYER, LOIS L.

2007-01-01

C. albicans yeast forms deleted for ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 are more adherent than a relevant control strain to human vascular endothelial cell monolayers and buccal epithelial cells. In the buccal and vaginal reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) disease models, however, mutant and control strains caused a similar degree of tissue destruction. Deletion of ALS5 or ALS6 significantly slowed growth of the mutant strain; this phenotype was not affected by addition of excess uridine to the culture medi...

Alpha and beta stabilizer character of Al in Zr-Nb-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peruzzi Bardella, A.; Bolcich, J.C.

1987-01-01

The T β/α+β of Zr5Nb and Zr5Nb2Al (weight %) were determined in order to observe the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in ternary Zr-Nb-Al alloys. Techniques employed were change of resistivity with temperature in dynamic experiences, and metallography of samples quenched to room temperature after isothermal annealings. The T β/α+β of the ternary resulted 17 ± 8 deg C higher than that of the binary alloy. In addition, taking into account the results of previous investigations of the transformation of beta on quenching Zr-Nb-Al alloys from the beta field to room temperature, it is concluded that the beta-stabilizer character of Nb is stronger than the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in these Zr alloys, and that the Al can have important influence on the mechanical properties by the appearance of TRIP effect. (Author) [es

Insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO gate dielectrics

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Son Phuong; Nguyen, Duong Dai; Suzuki, Toshi-kazu

2018-01-01

We have investigated insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO (an alloy of Al2O3 and TiO2) gate dielectrics obtained by atomic layer deposition on AlGaN. Analyzing insulator-thickness dependences of threshold voltages for the MIS devices, we evaluated positive interface fixed charges, whose density at the AlTiO/AlGaN interface is significantly lower than that at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface. This and a higher dielectric constant of AlTiO lead to rather shallower threshold voltages for the AlTiO gate dielectric than for Al2O3. The lower interface fixed charge density also leads to the fact that the two-dimensional electron concentration is a decreasing function of the insulator thickness for AlTiO, whereas being an increasing function for Al2O3. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between the interface fixed charges and interface states. From the conductance method, it is shown that the interface state densities are very similar at the Al2O3/AlGaN and AlTiO/AlGaN interfaces. Therefore, we consider that the lower AlTiO/AlGaN interface fixed charge density is not owing to electrons trapped at deep interface states compensating the positive fixed charges and can be attributed to a lower density of oxygen-related interface donors.

Effects of Al(III and Nano-Al13 Species on Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

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Rong Fu Chen

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT modified glass carbon electrode (GCE. The results showed that Al(III and Al13 can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III and Al13 concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III and Al13 on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

Effects of Al(III) and nano-Al13 species on malate dehydrogenase activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xiaodi; Cai, Ling; Peng, Yu; Li, Huihui; Chen, Rong Fu; Shen, Ren Fang

2011-01-01

The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The results showed that Al(III) and Al(13) can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III) and Al(13) concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III) and Al(13) on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

Fracture toughness of Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composites under static and cyclic loading conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Patselov, A. M.; Gladkovskii, S. V.; Lavrikov, R. D.; Kamantsev, I. S.

2015-10-01

The static and cyclic fracture toughnesses of a Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composite material containing at most 15 vol % intermetallic compound are studied. Composite specimens are prepared by terminating reaction sintering of titanium and aluminum foils under pressure. The fracture of the titanium layers is quasi-cleavage during cyclic crack growth and is ductile during subsequent static loading.

Data supporting Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016,

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Data files representing each of the Figures and Tables published in Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016, 3, 593. The data file names identify the Figure or...

Ti, Al

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In the present study, authors report on the effect that substrate bias voltage has on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, Al)N hard coatings deposited with cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) technique. The coatings were deposited from a Ti0.5Al0.5 powder metallurgical target in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere at ...

Growth of CdTe: Al films; Crecimiento de peliculas de CdTe: Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez A, M.; Zapata T, M. [CICATA-IPN, 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Melendez L, M. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 14-740, 07000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Pena, J.L. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 73 Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yucatan (Mexico)

2006-07-01

CdTe: AI films were grown by the close space vapor transport technique combined with free evaporation (CSVT-FE). The Aluminum (Al) evaporation was made by two kinds of sources: one made of graphite and the other of tantalum. The films were deposited on glass substrates. The Al source temperature was varied maintaining the CdTe source temperature fixed as well as the substrate temperature. The films were characterized by x-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), x-ray diffraction and optical transmission. The results showed for the films grown with the graphite source for Al evaporation, the Al did not incorporate in the CdTe matrix, at least to the level of EDAX sensitivity; they maintained the same crystal structure and band gap. For the samples grown with the tantalum source, we were able to incorporate the Al. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that the films have a crystal structure that depends on Al concentration. They were cubic up to 2.16 at. % Al concentration; for 19.65 at. % we found a mixed phase; for Al concentration higher than 21 at. % the films were amorphous. For samples with cubic structure it was found that the lattice parameter decreases and the band gap increases with Al concentration. (Author)

First-principles study of L10 Ti-Al and V-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chubb, S.R.; Papaconstantopoulos, D.A.; Klein, B.M.

1988-01-01

As a first step towards understanding the reduced embrittlement of L1 0 Ti-Al alloys which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V, we have determined from first principles, using full-potential linearized--augmented-plane-wave calculations, the equilibrium values of the structural parameters and the associated electronic structure for the stoichiometric (L1 0 ) Ti-Al (tetragonal) compound. Our calculated values of c/a and a are in good agreement with experiment. Using the same method of calculation, we have also studied the electronic structure associated with the (hypothetical) L1 0 V-Al alloy that would form when V is substituted for Ti. We find that (1) the electronic structures of these V-Al alloys are relatively insensitive to variations of c/a and a; (2) near the Ti-Al equilibrium geometry, the electronic structures of the V-Al and Ti-Al alloys are very similar; and (3) that a rigid-band model involving substitution of V for Ti can be used to gain a qualitative understanding of the reduction in c/a which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V. We relate the reduction in c/a to important changes in the bonding that accompany the occupation of bands immediately above the Fermi level of the stoichiometric Ti-Al compound

Kinetic studies of oxidation of MgAlON and a comparison of the oxidation behaviour of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Xidong; Seetharaman, S. [Div. of Metallurgy, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden); Li Wenchao [Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Univ. of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, BJ (China)

2002-06-01

The kinetics and morphology of the oxidation process of magnesium-aluminium oxynitride (MgAlON), aluminium oxynitride (AlON), O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM have been studied in the temperature range 1373-1773 K (ZCM=30 wt% ZrO{sub 2}, 52 wt% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 18 wt% 3 Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.2 SiO{sub 2}). Oxidation experiments with powder and plate samples of the above materials have been carried out in air. MgAlON shows the best resistance to oxidation at lower temperatures (< 1473 K), whereas at higher temperatures ({proportional_to} 773 K), AlON shows the best resistance. O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} shows very good oxidation resistance up to 1673 K. But its oxidation rate increases strongly above 1673 K, presumably due to the formation of liquid phase. BN-ZCM has the poorest oxidation resistance due to the evaporation of B{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The activation energies for the chemical oxidation reaction of AlON, MgAlON, and O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} are 214, 330 and 260 kJ/mol, respectively. The overall diffusion activation energies for AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} and BN-ZCM are 227, 573, 367 and 289 kJ/mol, respectively. (orig.)

Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin, Gaowu W.; Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli

2010-01-01

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The ε-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of α-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the γ-Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure ε-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 o C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure ε-AlMn, γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the ε-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 μm without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to ∼55 μm with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to ∼53 μm, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 o C.

Ibn Qutayba en al-Andalus. La préface à I 'Adab al-Kātib dans le commentaire d'Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī

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Soravia, Bruna

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Ibn Qutayba's preface to his Adab al-kātib has been considered for centuries the most important section of this work and it has been the object of many commentaries, both in the Muslim East and West. This paper deals with Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī´s commentary al-Iqtiḍāb, trying to show the peculiar way in which Ibn al-Sīd develops his own critique of Ibn Qutayba's controversial thesis on the relation between orthodoxy, falsafa and kalām. At the same time, the Andalusi author works out his own conception of adab, deeply influenced by his biographical experience. Finally a full translation of Ibn Qutayba's preface is proposed, half a century after G. Lecomte's partial one.

El prefacio de Ibn Qutayba a su Adab al-Kātib ha sido considerado durante siglos como el fragmento más importante de su obra, y ha sido objeto de muchos comentarios, tanto orientales como occidentales. Este artículo trata del comentario que Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī hizo de ese texto de Ibn Qutayba, e intenta mostrar la forma peculiar en que Ibn al-Sīd desarrolla su propia crítica a la polémica tesis de Ibn Qutayba sobre la relación entre ortodoxia, falsafa y kalām. Al mismo tiempo, el autor andalusí elabora su propia concepción del adab, profundamente influida por su experiencia biográfica. Para concluir, se presenta una traducción completa del prefacio de Ibn Qutayba, medio siglo después de la parcial realizada por G. Lecomte.

Interview als Text vs. Interview als Interaktion

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Arnulf Deppermann

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Das Interview ist nach wie vor das beliebteste sozialwissenschaftliche Verfahren des Datengewinns. Ökonomie der Erhebung, Vergleichbarkeit und die Möglichkeit, Einsicht in Praxisbereiche und historisch-biografische Dimensionen zu erhalten, die der direkten Beobachtung kaum zugänglich sind, machen seine Attraktivität aus. Zugleich mehren sich Kritiken, die seine Leistungsfähigkeit problematisieren, indem sie auf die begrenzte Reichweite der Explikationsfähigkeiten der Befragten, die Reaktivität der Erhebung oder die Differenz zwischen Handeln und dem Bericht über Handeln verweisen. Im Beitrag wird zwischen Ansätzen, die das Interview als Text, und solchen, die es als Interaktion verstehen, unterschieden. Nach dem Text-Verständnis werden Interviews unter inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten analysiert und als Zugang zu einer vorgängigen sozialen oder psychischen Wirklichkeit angesehen. Das Interaktions-Verständnis versteht Interviews dagegen als situierte Praxis, in welcher im Hier und Jetzt von InterviewerInnen und Befragten gemeinsam soziale Sinnstrukturen hergestellt werden. Anhand ubiquitärer Phänomene der Interviewinteraktion – Fragen, Antworten und die Selbstpositionierung von InterviewerInnen und Befragten – werden Praktiken des interaktiv-performativen Handelns im Interview dargestellt. Ihre Relevanz für die Interviewkonstitution und ihre Erkenntnispotenziale für die Interviewauswertung werden aufgezeigt. Es wird dafür plädiert, die interaktive Konstitutionsweise von Interviews empirisch zu erforschen und methodisch konsequent zu berücksichtigen. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1303131

Structure and phase composition of Al-Ce-Cu system alloys in range of quasi-binary Al-Al8CeCu4 section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belov, N.A.; Khvan, A.V.

2007-01-01

The phase diagram of the Al-Cu-Ce system in the quasibinary section area of Al-Al 8 CeCu 4 has been investigated by metallographic, thermal, micro-X-ray spectral and X-ray structural analyses. The parameters of the eutectic reaction L→(Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 : T=610 Deg C were found out; the composition was 14% Cu and 7% Ce. This eutectics is of a disperse structure and the ternary compound contained is capable of fragmentation and spheroidizing in the heating process (starting from 540 Deg C). It was demonstrated that the area of optimal (Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 eutectics-based alloy compositions was within the narrow limits. That is related to the fact that at a comparatively little variation of the Cu:Ce=2 ratio solidus sharply decreases and, as a result, the crystallization interval considerably extends [ru

Impacto das atividades esportivas, informática e música sobre a vida de alunos de escola com educação em tempo integral

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Daianne Pedrosa da Silva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2012v24n39p142 O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar qualitativamente o impacto social da educação integral em alunos da Escola Classe 08 de Taguatinga Norte–DF. Foi colhida uma amostra de 175 alunos do ensino fundamental, entre 6 e 12 anos, praticantes de atividades desportivas da educação em tempo integral como a ginástica rítmica, dança, handebol e futsal, além de música e informática, nos turnos matutino e vespertino. Foi utilizado um questionário contendo 15 perguntas e três alternativas como possibilidade de resposta. As crianças submetidas a educação integral apresentaram melhoras em relação à socialização, organização e disciplina, alimentação, e ampliação do conhecimento sobre novas modalidades esportivas.

Structural and electrical characterization of AuPtAlTi ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN with varying annealing temperature and Al content

OpenAIRE

Fay, Mike W.; Han, Y.; Brown, Paul D.; Harrison, Ian; Hilton, K.P.; Munday, A.; Wallis, D.; Balmer, R.S.; Uren, M.J.; Martin, T.

2008-01-01

The effect of varying annealing temperature and Al layer thickness on the structural and electrical characteristics of AuPtAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact structures has been systematically investigated. The relationship between annealing temperature, Al content, interfacial microstructure, surface planarity and contact resistance is\\ud examined. In particular, the presence of a detrimental low temperature Pt-Al reaction is identified. This is implicated in both the requirement for a higher Al:T...

Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qin, Gaowu W., E-mail: qingw@smm.neu.edu.c [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China); Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China)

2010-10-08

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The {epsilon}-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of {alpha}-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the {gamma}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure {epsilon}-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 {sup o}C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure {epsilon}-AlMn, {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the {epsilon}-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 {mu}m without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to {approx}55 {mu}m with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to {approx}53 {mu}m, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 {sup o}C.

AYAT-AYAT WAH}DAT AL-WUJUd dalam Kitab Tanbi>h al-Ma>shi Karya ‘Abdurrauf al-Sinkili

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Asep Nahrul Musadad

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract: One of the key moments in discussing the history of Indonesian Islam is a polemic related to the negotiation on the doctrine of wahdat al-wujud that occured in Aceh in 17th century between the followers of Hamzah al-Fansuri and Nuruddin al-Raniri. This article focuses on analyzing several Qur’anic verses used by ‘Abdurrauf as the confirmation of his argument. In the polemical context, Abdurrauf al-Sinkili appeared to be an actor of reconciliation between two opposite sides. He tried to respond to the disputed issues through his book called “Tanbi>h al-Mashi”. As an exponent of the so-called moderate sufism (mysticism, he built the argument concerning wah}dat al-wujud based on the Quranic text. After making a thematic classification chronologically, his interpretation on these verses is analyzed by using Hussain al-Dhahaby’s theory of sufistic exegesis. In conclusion, it shows that ‘Abdurrauf’s commentary is “sufi-nazari type”, featured by his exegeses pattern. This, of course, represents his attitude as a reconciler who then needs to seek confirmation to the Qur’anic verses in evaluating wah}dat al-wujud doctrine, through which such a polemical issues occurred at that time. الملخص: إن من المرحلة الأساسية التي مرّ بها تاريخ الإسلام في اندونيسيا الجدل و النزاع حول عقيدة وحدة الوجود فى أتشيه (Aceh حول قرن السابع عشر بين أتباع حمزة الفنسوري و نور الدين الرانيري. ففي ذلك الخطاب النزاعي جاء عبد الرؤوف السنكيلي مصلحا بين الجانبين المعاكسين. وعلى مقتضى الظروف، كتب كتاب " تنبيه الماشي" الذي تطرّق فيه طريق التوسّط، ممثّلا للتصوّف المعتدل. اعتمد عبد الرؤوف على النصوص القرآنية فى تحقيق آراءه حول ت

The muscle-powered bite of allosaurus (dinosauria; theropoda: an interpretation of cranio-dental morphology

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Turner, A.

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The skull morphology of Allosaurus has been the subject of functional interpretations which imply a predatory behaviour radically different from that recorded in any predatory land vertebrate. Those interpretations imply the use of the skull and maxillary dentition as analogues of hand-held, man-made weapons, incorporating the inertia of the predator's dash toward prey to add to the effect of the impact, and using wide jaw gapes as a way to keep the mandible out of the way of such blows. We re-interpret the evident adaptations for gape and for recruitment of neck muscles in head depression of Allosaurus in terms of a muscle-powered bite directed at surfaces with moderate convexity, such as the bodies of very large pres. In our model, the forces leading to penetration of the teeth are generated in the context of the opposition between the maxillary and the mandible. This interpretation allows us to incorporate al1 the observed adaptations of the Allosaurus skull, while avoiding the problems created by previous models.La morfología craneal de Allosaurus ha sido objeto de interpretaciones funcionales que implican un comportamiento depredador radicalmente distinto para el inferido para cualquier vertebrado depredador terrestre. Esas interpretaciones implican el uso de la dentición superior e inferior como análogos de cuchillos o dagas manufacturadas por el hombre, incorporando la inercia del golpe del depredador contra la presa para añadir el efecto del impacto, y usando amplias aperturas mandibulares para mantener la mandíbula fuera de la línea de acción del impacto. Reinterpretamos las evidentes adaptaciones para amplias aberturas mandibulares, y para la utilización de la musculatura cervical en la depresih de la cabeza de Allosaurus en función de una mordida basada en la fuerza muscular dirigida a superficies moderadamente convexas, como el cuerpo de una gran presa. En nuestro modelo, las fuerzas que producen la penetración son

Reviewing Medical Education in KamelAl-Senaat Al-Tebieh

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Shahla Moradi

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Background and Objective: Among the human sciences, medicine is superior to all other sciences. One of the effective factors in education, especially in medical education is using appropriate textbooks. This study aims to consider a classic book of medical education and find its relevance to modern medicine. Materials and Methods: Reviewing and analyzing parts of Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh medical textbook. Results: This book has about four hundred thousand words and it was divided into twenty articles, each consisting of several chapters, first ten topics of which are about theoretical medicine, and others are information related to practical medicine. Conclusion: One of the most important obligations of every nation is to protect and preserve written and unwritten cultural and scientific resources Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh was written in one of the glorious periods of Iranian Medical History by Ali Ibn Abbas. It has a dignified position because of its recording method. This method is one of the best methods that is used after Ahvazi. Even today it is a valuable source of medical education.

Density and atomic volume in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plevachuk, Yu. [Ivan Franko National Univ., Lviv (Ukraine). Dept. of Metal Physics; Egry, I.; Brillo, J.; Holland-Moritz, D. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Koeln (Germany). Inst. fuer Raumsimulation; Kaban, I. [Chemnitz Univ. of Technolgy (Germany). Inst. of Physics

2007-02-15

The density of liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys have been determined over a wide temperature range by a noncontact technique combining electromagnetic levitation and optical dilatometry. The temperature and composition dependences of the density are analysed. A negative excess volume correlates with the negative enthalpy of mixing, compound forming ability and chemical short-range ordering in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni alloys. (orig.)

TEM characterization of Al-C-Cu-Al2O3 composites produced by mechanical milling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos-Beltran, A.; Gallegos-Orozco, V.; Estrada-Guel, I.; Bejar-Gomez, L.; Espinosa-Magana, F.; Miki-Yoshida, M.; Martinez-Sanchez, R.

2007-01-01

Novel Al-based composites (Al-C-Cu-Al 2 O 3 ) obtained by mechanical milling (MM), were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Analyses of composites were carried out in both, the as-milled and the as-sintered conditions. C nanoparticles were found in the as-milled condition and Al 2 O 3 nanofibers were found in as-sintered products, as determined by EELS. C and Cu react with Al to crystallize in Al 3 C 4 and Al 2 Cu structures, respectively

Formation of AlFeSi phase in AlSi12 alloy with Ce addition

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S. Kores

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The influence of cerium addition on the solidification sequence and microstructure constituents of the Al-Si alloys with 12,6 mass % Si was examined. The solidification was analyzed by a simple thermal analysis. The microstructures were examined with conventional light and scanning electron microscopy. Ternary AlSiCe phase was formed in the Al-Si alloys with added cerium during the solidification process. AlSiCe and β-AlFeSi phases solidified together in the region that solidified the last. Cerium addition influenced on the morphology of the α-AlFeSi phase solidification.

Compressive performance and crack propagation in Al alloy/Ti{sub 2}AlC composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanaor, D.A.H., E-mail: dorian.hanaor@sydney.edu.au [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Hu, L. [Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Kan, W.H.; Proust, G. [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Foley, M. [Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Karaman, I.; Radovic, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States)

2016-08-30

Composite materials comprising a porous Ti{sub 2}AlC matrix and Al 6061 alloy were fabricated by a current-activated pressure assisted melt infiltration process. Coarse, medium and fine meso-structures were prepared with Al alloy filled pores of differing sizes. Materials were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading up to stresses of 668 MPa, leading to the failure of specimens through crack propagation in both phases. As-fabricated and post-failure specimens were analysed by X-ray microscopy and electron microscopy. Quasi-static mechanical testing results revealed that compressive strength was the highest in the fine structured composite materials. While the coarse structured specimens exhibited a compressive strength of 80% relative to this. Reconstructed micro-scale X-ray tomography data revealed different crack propagation mechanisms. Large planar shear cracks propagated throughout the fine structured materials while the coarser specimens exhibited networks of branching cracks propagating preferentially along Al alloy-Ti{sub 2}AlC phase interfaces and through shrinkage pores in the Al alloy phase. Results suggest that control of porosity, compensation for Al alloy shrinkage and enhancement of the Al alloy-Ti{sub 2}AlC phase interfaces are key considerations in the design of high performance metal/Ti{sub 2}AlC phase composites.

Phase equilibria and crystalline structure of compounds in the Lu-Al and Lu-Cu-Al systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuz'ma, Yu.B.; Stel'makhovich, B.M.; Galamushka, L.I.

1992-01-01

Phase equilibria and crystal structure of compounds in Lu-Al and Lu-Cu-Al systems were studied. Existence of Lu 2 Al compound having the structure of the PbCl 2 type is ascertained. Diagram of phase equilibria of Lu-Cu-Al system at 870 K is plotted. Compounds Lu 2 (Cu,Al) 17 (the Th 2 Zn 17 type structure), Lu(Cu,Al) 5 (CaCu 5 type structure), Lu 6 (Cu,Al) 23 (Th 6 Mn 23 type structure) and ∼ LuCuAl 2 have been prepared for the first time. Investigation of component interaction in Lu-Cu-Al system shows that the system is similar to previously studied systems Dy-Cu-Al and Er-Cu-Al. The main difference consists in the absence of LuCuAl 3 compound with rhombic structure of the CeNi 2+x Sb 2-x type in the system investigated

Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP): An Al Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

Villarosa, Al-Qaeda in Yemen, Carnegie Endowment, July 7, 2009, http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/07/07/Al-Qaeda-in-yemen- event-1372. 53 Brian Whitaker...73 Khaled Fattah, “Yemen’s Insecurity Dilemma,” Yemen Times, February 11, 2014, http:// carnegie -mec.org/2014/02...Johnsen, and Shari Villarosa, “Al-Qaeda in Yemen.” Carnegie Endowment. July 7, 2009. http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/07/07/Al-Qaeda-in- yemen-event

Formation of epitaxial Al 2O 3/NiAl(1 1 0) films: aluminium deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Lykhach, Y.; Moroz, V.; Yoshitake, M.

2005-02-01

Structure of epitaxial Al 2O 3 layers formed on NiAl(1 1 0) substrates has been studied by means of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The elucidated structure was compared to the model suggested for 0.5 nm-thick Al 2O 3 layers [K. Müller, H. Lindner, D.M. Zehner, G. Ownby, Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 25 (1990) 1130; R.M. Jaeger, H. Kuhlenbeck, H.J. Freund, Surf. Sci. 259 (1991) 235]. The stepwise growth of Al 2O 3 film, involving deposition and subsequent oxidation of aluminium onto epitaxial 0.5 nm-thick Al 2O 3 layers, has been investigated. Aluminium was deposited at room temperature, whereas its oxidation took place during annealing at 1070 K. The Al 2O 3 thickness was monitored by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was found that Al 2O 3 layer follows the structure of 0.5 nm thick Al 2O 3 film, although a tilting of Al 2O 3(1 1 1) surface plane with respect to NiAl(1 1 0) surface appeared after Al deposition.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Science.gov (United States)

Lou Gehrig disease; ALS; Upper and lower motor neuron disease; Motor neuron disease ... One out of 10 cases of ALS is due to a genetic defect. The cause is unknown in most other cases. In ALS, motor nerve cells (neurons) waste away ...

Pemikiran Politik al-Shawkânî dalam Fath al-Qadîr

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Yusuf Hanafi

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Muhammad b. ‘Alî Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allâh al-Shawkânî al-San‘ânî. He was born in the Hijrah in Shawkân village, Yemen on Monday 28 Dhû al-Qa‘dah 1172 H and died on Tuesday, 27 Jumâd al-Akhîr 1250 H at the age about 78 years. Al-Shawkânî grew up in the San‘a city, it is the capital of the republic of Yemen now. He study first time about religion from his father, then from renowed scholars in San‘a and its surrounding, he was known as a scolar who mastered the various branches of religious sciences. Such as tafsîr, h}adîth, fiqh, us}ûl al-fiqh, history, science of kalâm, philosophy, balâghah, mant}iq etc. the main issue in this article is how political thought in the book of tafsir Fath al-Qadîr is the work of Shawkânî. At the end of article, the authors found that the intended political thinking in the study of Fath al-Qadîr is about constitutional ideas. These ideas about the constitution is limited to the concept of leadership and deliberation, the concept of the right of citizen to obtain justice, and the concept pf the right of citizens to live association and assembly

Oxidation behavior of Al/Cr coating on Ti2AlNb alloy at 900 °C

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhengang; Liang, Wenping; Miao, Qiang; Chen, Bowen; Ding, Zheng; Roy, Nipon

2018-04-01

In this paper, the Al/Cr coating was fabricated on the surface of Ti2AlNb alloy via rf magnetron sputtering and double glow treatment to enhance oxidation resistance. The protective coating with an outer layer of Al and inner layer of Cr has great bonding strength due to the in-diffusion of Cr and the inter-diffusion between Al and Cr to form Al-Cr alloyed layer which has great hardness. Acoustic emission curve which was detected via WS-2005 scratch tester indicates the bonding strength between Al/Cr coating and substrate is great. Morphology of Ti2AlNb alloy with Al/Cr coating after scratch test shows that the scratch is smooth without disbanding, and the depth and breadth of scratch are changed uniformly. The mass change was reduced after oxidation test due to the Al/Cr protective coating. Isothermal oxidation test at 900 °C was researched. Results indicate that Al/Cr coating provided oxidation resistance of Ti2AlNb alloy with prolonged air exposure at 900 °C. Al2O3 was detected by XRD patterns and SEM images, and was formed on the surface of Ti2AlNb alloy to protect substrate during oxidation test. A certain content of Cr is beneficial for the formation of Al2O3. Besides, Cr2O3 was produced under Al2O3 by outward diffusion of Cr to protect substrate sequentially, no cracks were discovered on Al/Cr protective coating. The process of Ti outward diffusion into surface was suppressive due to integration of Cr-Ti and Al-Ti intermetallics. A steady, adherent and continuous coated layer of Al/Cr on Ti2AlNb alloy increases oxidation resistance.

¿COLOMBIA DEBE APOSTARLE AL SOFTWARE LIBRE, AL DE FUENTE ABIERTA O AL PROPIETARIO?

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Luis Alberto Girón Murillo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Es complejo para gestores y administradores conocer las implicaciones que la adopción de modelos de desarrollo de software tendría para una región. Este artículo ofrece una evaluación de las implicaciones dinámicas que para el desarrollo de software de una región tendría el apostar de forma excluyente al software libre, al software de fuente abierta y al software propietario. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación en Vensim de la dinámica de sistemas en donde se evaluaron 3 escenarios: uno en donde se adopta de forma excluyente el software libre, uno en donde se adopta el software propietario y uno en donde se adopta el software de fuente abierta. Se ofrecen descripciones y explicaciones de los resultados que sugieren las potencialidades de cada uno de los modelos de desarrollo evaluados.

Investigation of annealing treatment on the interfacial properties of explosive-welded Al/Cu/Al multilayer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honarpisheh, M.; Asemabadi, M.; Sedighi, M.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► We studied explosive-welded Al/Cu/Al multilayer. ► We investigated heat treatment influence on the bond properties of Al/Cu/Al. ► Intermetallic compounds were studied using the SEM, OM and EDS analysis. ► Variations of hardness in the thickness were investigated using micro-hardness. ► Intermetallic phases such as AlCu 3 and Al 2 C create at the interface of Al/Cu/Al. -- Abstract: In this study, an Al/Cu/Al multilayer sheet was fabricated by explosive welding process and the effects of annealing temperature on the interfacial properties of explosively bonded Al/Cu bimetal have been investigated. For this purpose, hardness changes along the thickness of the samples have been measured, and the thickness and type of intermetallic compounds formed at the joining interface have been explored by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results indicate that, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the thickness of intermetallic compounds has increased and the amount of hardness along the thickness of the joining interface has diminished. In the annealed sample at 400 °C for 30 min, it was observed that intermetallic layers have formed at the interface of Al/Cu bimetals. These layers consist of the intermetallic compounds AlCu 3 , Al 2 Cu and AlCu, and their thickness gets to about 5 μm at some points. The examinations performed by the SEM, following the Vickers micro-hardness test, indicated the existence of a number of microcracks at the top and bottom interface of the sample annealed at 400 °C. This shows the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at the joining interface, and also indicates the low ductility of these compounds.

NMR evidence for Co-Al-Co molecular groups trapped in cages of Co4Al13

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeglic, P.; Heggen, M.; Feuerbacher, M.; Bauer, B.; Gille, P.; Haarmann, F.

2009-01-01

We present the results of 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the phase Co 4 Al 13 . These results are compared to a recent structure model [1], which demonstrates a unique bonding for Al atoms in the Co-Al-Co molecular groups. In our measurement, two 27 Al signals were identified. The first one originates from Al atoms forming cages. The second signal corresponds to Al sites with exceptionally large almost axially symmetric quadrupole coupling. This finding is in perfect agreement with isolated Co-Al-Co molecular groups in accordance to Ref. [1].

The Y-Cu-Al system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krachan, T.; Stel'makhovych, B.; Kuz'ma, Yu.

2003-01-01

The phase diagram of the Y-Cu-Al system at 820 K has been constructed using X-ray powder diffraction. The existence of earlier known ternary aluminides has been confirmed and their homogeneity regions and atomic distributions in the structures have been determined: YCu 4.6-4.0 Al 7.4-8.0 (ThMn 12 -type R I =0.049), Y 2 Cu 12.0-10.5 Al 5.0-6.5 (Th 2 Zn 17 -type R I =0.092), YCu 1.0-1.1 Al 1.0-0.9 (Fe 2 P-type R I =0.068). It has been shown that the structure of Y(Cu,Al) 3 is characterized by an ordered distribution of the Cu and Al atoms and it should be referred as Ca 3 Cu 2 Al 7 structure type (R I =0.060) besides the PuNi 3 structure type with statistical occupancies of the smaller atoms. At the investigated temperature the compound YCu 1.0-0.25 Al 3.0-3.75 (BaAl 4 -type) was not observed. However, we found the ternary aluminide with composition Y 3 Cu 2.7-2.0 Al 8.3-9.0 and related La 3 Al 11 -type (space group Immm, a=0.4192-0.4228, b=1.2423-1.2557, c=0.9812-0.9895 nm, R I =0.069). The compounds YCu 6.8 Al 4.2 (space group Fddd, Tb(Cu 0.58 Al 0.42 ) 11 -type, a=1.42755, b=1.48587, c=0.65654 nm, R I =0.062) and YCu 6.5 Al 4.5 (space group I4 1 /amd, BaCd 11 -type, a=1.02774, c=0.65838 nm, R I =0.071) have been found and structurally refined for the first time

El cine de Pilar Miró. Homenaje y puente hacia la literatura

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Fernández Soto, Concepción

2010-02-01

Full Text Available There is absolutely no doubt about the fact that literature –including both novel and theatre– has provided the cinema with great stories throughout the last one hundred and twenty years. And why is a literary text chosen to be adapted to the cinema? Among others, the main reasons are the necessity to tell well-constructed stories which will undoubtedly be successful, the access to historical knowledge or the recreation of myths and emblematic literary works. As far as Pilar Miró is concerned, the most important thing about her adaptations is that the original perception, reading and personal vision of the literary work remain, though always through the dialogue among creators. This research work studies in detail the five films adapted from literary works that Pilar Miró directed, five works that resulted from her personal admiration for these literary works’ quality and suggesting power.

Es incuestionable que la literatura –tanto la novela como el teatro– ha proporcionado grandes historias para el cine a lo largo de sus casi ciento veinte años de existencia. ¿Y por qué se elige un texto literario para ser adaptado? Entre otras razones por la necesidad de contar con historias bien trazadas, por la garantía del éxito comercial, el acceso al conocimiento histórico o por la recreación de mitos y obras emblemáticas. En el caso de la directora Pilar Miró lo importante de sus adaptaciones es que finalmente prevalece su percepción, su lectura, su visión personal de la obra original, pero siempre a través del diálogo entre creadores. El texto de este artículo estudia las cinco películas que Pilar Miró dirigió como adaptaciones de obras literarias, cinco trabajos que vinieron como resultado de un deslumbramiento personal ante la calidad y el poder de sugerencia de esos textos literarios.

Preparation, deformation, and failure of functional Al-Sn and Al-Sn-Pb nanocrystalline alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Noskova, N. I.; Vil'Danova, N. F.; Filippov, Yu. I.; Churbaev, R. V.; Pereturina, I. A.; Korshunov, L. G.; Korznikov, A. V.

2006-12-01

Changes in the structure, hardness, mechanical properties, and friction coefficient of Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb (wt %) alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular pressing (with a force of 40 tonne) and by shear at a pressure of 5 GPa have been studied. The transition into the nanocrystalline state was shown to occur at different degrees of plastic deformation. The hardness exhibits nonmonotonic variations, namely, first it increases and subsequently decreases. The friction coefficient of the Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys quenched from the melt was found to be 0.33; the friction coefficients of these alloys in the submicrocrystalline state (after equal-channel angular pressing) equal 0.24, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively. The effect of disintegration into nano-sized powders was found to occur in the Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys after severe plastic deformation to ɛ = 6.4 and subsequent short-time holding.

Characterization of Al/Ni multilayers and their application in diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, J.; Song, X.G.; Wu, L.Z.; Qi, J.L.; Feng, J.C.

2012-01-01

The Al/Ni multilayers were characterized and diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallics to TiC cermets was carried out using the multilayers. The microstructure of Al/Ni multilayers and TiAl/TiC cermet joint was investigated. The layered structures consisting of a Ni 3 (AlTi) layer, a Ni 2 AlTi layer, a (Ni,Al,Ti) layer and a Ni diffusion layer were observed from the interlayer to the TiAl substrate. Only one AlNi 3 layer formed at the multilayer/TiC cermet interface. The reaction behaviour of Al/Ni multilayers was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The initial exothermic peak of the DSC curve was formed due to the formation of Al 3 Ni and Al 3 Ni 2 phases. The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al 3 Ni → Al 3 Ni 2 → AlNi → AlNi 3 and the final products were AlNi and AlNi 3 phases. The shear strength of the joint was tested and the experimental results suggested that the application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality. - Highlights: ► Diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet was realized using Al/Ni multilayer. ► The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al 3 Ni → Al 3 Ni 2 → AlNi → AlNi 3 . ► The interfacial microstructure of the joint was clarified. ► The application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality.

Hot Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr Coating

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Guangyan; Wu, Yongzhao; Liu, Qun; Li, Rongguang; Su, Yong

2017-03-01

The 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr coatings is prepared by slurry process and vacuum diffusion, and the hot corrosion behavior of the stainless steel with/without the coatings is studied under the condition of Na2SO4 film at 950 °C in air. Results show that the corrosion kinetics of stainless steel, the stainless steel with Al-Si coating and the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating follow parabolic laws in several segments. After 24 h corrosion, the sequence of the mass gain for the three alloys is the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating coating coating. The corrosion products of the three alloys are layered. Thereinto, the corrosion products of stainless steel without coating are divided into two layers, where the outside layer contains a composite of Fe2O3 and FeO, and the inner layer is Cr2O3. The corrosion products of the stainless steel with Al-Si coating are also divided into two layers, of which the outside layer mainly consists of Cr2O3, and the inner layer is mainly SiO2. The corrosion film of the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating is thin and dense, which combines well with substrate. Thereinto, the outside layer is mainly Cr2O3, and the inside layer is Al2O3. In the matrix of all of the three alloys, there exist small amount of sulfides. Continuous and protective films of Cr2O3, SiO2 and Al2O3 form on the surface of the stainless steel with Al-Si and Al-Si-Cr coatings, which prevent further oxidation or sulfide corrosion of matrix metals, and this is the main reason for the much smaller mass gain of the two alloys than that of the stainless steel without any coatings in the 24 h hot corrosion process.

Gate length scaling effect on high-electron mobility transistors devices using AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures.

Science.gov (United States)

Liao, S Y; Lu, C C; Chang, T; Huang, C F; Cheng, C H; Chang, L B

2014-08-01

Compared to AlGaN/GaN HEMT with 0.15 μm T-gate length, the AlInN/AlN/GaN one exhibits much higher current density and transconductance of 1558 mA/mm at Vd = 2 V and 330 mS/mm, respectively. The high extrinsic ft and fmax of 82 GHz and 70 GHz are extracted from AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT. Besides, we find that the transconductance roll-off is significant in AlGaN/GaN, but largely improved in AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT, suggesting that the high carrier density and lattice-matched epitaxial heterostructure is important to reach both large RF output power and high operation frequency, especially for an aggressively gate length scaling.

Some aspects of anelastic and microplastic creep of pure Al and two Al-alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sgobba, S. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)); Kuenzi, H.U. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)); Ilschner, B. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland))

1993-11-01

Anelastic creep of pure Al, commercial Al-Cu and a binary Al-Cu alloy has been measured at room temperature by means of a high resolution laser interferometer. The irreversible component of the deformation was also quantified from measurements of the anelastic creep recovery. The dependence of the deformation-time curves on thermal treatment and cold work is analyzed. The mechanisms responsible for the room temperature anelastic creep are discussed. Materials loaded below their elastic limit can present either a pure anelastic behavior (commercial Al-Cu) or additional viscoelastic creep (pure Al, high purity Al-Cu). For commercial Al-Cu, the presence of an irreversible deformation appears to be mainly related to the state of the surface. A viscoelastic after effect has been measured for this alloy after a Cu-electroplating treatment. As a typical result for room temperature creep, the irreversible deformation depends logarithmically on load time. (orig.).

Some aspects of anelastic and microplastic creep of pure Al and two Al-alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sgobba, S.; Kuenzi, H.U.; Ilschner, B.

1993-01-01

Anelastic creep of pure Al, commercial Al-Cu and a binary Al-Cu alloy has been measured at room temperature by means of a high resolution laser interferometer. The irreversible component of the deformation was also quantified from measurements of the anelastic creep recovery. The dependence of the deformation-time curves on thermal treatment and cold work is analyzed. The mechanisms responsible for the room temperature anelastic creep are discussed. Materials loaded below their elastic limit can present either a pure anelastic behavior (commercial Al-Cu) or additional viscoelastic creep (pure Al, high purity Al-Cu). For commercial Al-Cu, the presence of an irreversible deformation appears to be mainly related to the state of the surface. A viscoelastic after effect has been measured for this alloy after a Cu-electroplating treatment. As a typical result for room temperature creep, the irreversible deformation depends logarithmically on load time. (orig.)

A study of ion damage in Al, Al/Cu and Al/Ag

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marikar, P.

1979-06-01

Specimens of pure aluminium, aluminium-copper and aluminium-silver have been irradiated with 20 keV helium ions and/or 100 keV aluminium ions and the nature of the damage assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Irradiation with 20 keV helium ions to a dose of 2.7 x 10 15 ions cm -2 results in the formation of interstitial loops and helium gas bubbles. The helium bubbles were detectable only after annealing at a high temperature following irradiation. When the helium preinjected aluminium specimens were irradiated with 100 keV Al + ions to a dose of 84 dpa at temperatures above 150 0 C, voids were observed to form. At a lower dose of 64 dpa, only a high density of dislocation loops was observed. Al-1 wt% Cu alloy containing partially coherent theta' precipitates resists void formation to a considerable extent, and Al-10 wt% Ag alloy containing coherent G.P. zones offers complete resistance to both dislocation loop nucleation and void formation. The experimental results are discussed in the light of the current theories of irradiation induced damage in metals. The importance of the dislocation-sink efficiency for point defects, the gaseous impurity and the alloying elements in determining void formation is highlighted. (author)

Interdiffusion between U(Mo,Pt) or U(Mo,Zr) and Al or Al A356 alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komar Varela, C.; Mirandou, M.; Arico, S.; Balart, S.; Gribaudo, L.

2009-01-01

Solid state reactions in chemical diffusion couples U-7 wt.%Mo-0.9 wt.%Pt/Al at 580 deg. C and U-7 wt.%Mo-0.9 wt.%Pt/Al A356 alloy, U-7 wt.%Mo-1 wt.%Zr/Al and U-7 wt.%Mo-1 wt.%Zr/Al A356 alloy at 550 deg. C were characterized. Results were obtained from optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The UAl 3, UAl 4 and Al 20 Mo 2 U phases were identified in the interaction layers of γU(Mo,Pt)/Al and γU(Mo,Zr)/Al diffusion couples. Al 43 Mo 4 U 6 ternary compound was also identified in γU(Mo,Zr)/Al due to the decomposition of γU(Mo,Zr) phase. The U(Al,Si) 3 and U 3 Si 5 phases were identified in the interaction layers of γU(Mo,Pt)/Al A356 and γU(Mo,Zr)/Al A356 diffusion couples. These phases are formed due to the migration of Si to the interaction layer. In the diffusion couple U(Mo,Zr)/Al A356, Zr 5 Al 3 phase was also identified in the interaction layer. The use of synchrotron radiation at Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS, CNPq, Campinas, Brazil) was necessary to achieve a complete crystallographic characterization.

CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films obtained by stacking Cu and Al films using physical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Castillo-Hernández, G.; Mayén-Hernández, S.; Castaño-Tostado, E.; DeMoure-Flores, F.; Campos-González, E.; Martínez-Alonso, C.; Santos-Cruz, J.

2018-06-01

CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films were synthesized by the deposition of the precursor metals using the physical vapor deposition technique and subsequent annealing. Annealing was carried out for 4-6 h in open and nitrogen atmospheres respectively at temperatures of 900-1000 °C with control of heating and cooling ramps. The band gap measurements ranged from 3.3 to 4.5 eV. Electrical properties were measured using the van der Pauw technique. The preferred orientations of CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 were found to be along the (1 1 2) and (3 1 1) planes, respectively. The phase percentages were quantified using a Rietveld refinement simulation and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the composition is very close to the stoichiometry of CuAlO2 samples and with excess of aluminum and deficiency of copper for CuAl2O4 respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy identified the principal planes in CuAlO2 and in CuAl2O4. Higher purities were achieved in nitrogen atmosphere with the control of the cooling ramps.

Three-Dimensional FIB/EBSD Characterization of Irradiated HfAl3-Al Composite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hua, Zilong; Guillen, Donna Post; Harris, William; Ban, Heng

2016-09-01

A thermal neutron absorbing material, comprised of 28.4 vol% HfAl3 in an Al matrix, was developed to serve as a conductively cooled thermal neutron filter to enable fast flux materials and fuels testing in a pressurized water reactor. In order to observe the microstructural change of the HfAl3-Al composite due to neutron irradiation, an EBSD-FIB characterization approach is developed and presented in this paper. Using the focused ion beam (FIB), the sample was fabricated to 25µm × 25µm × 20 µm and mounted on the grid. A series of operations were carried out repetitively on the sample top surface to prepare it for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). First, a ~100-nm layer was removed by high voltage FIB milling. Then, several cleaning passes were performed on the newly exposed surface using low voltage FIB milling to improve the SEM image quality. Last, the surface was scanned by Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD) to obtain the two-dimensional image. After 50 to 100 two-dimensional images were collected, the images were stacked to reconstruct a three-dimensional model using DREAM.3D software. Two such reconstructed three-dimensional models were obtained from samples of the original and post-irradiation HfAl3-Al composite respectively, from which the most significant microstructural change caused by neutron irradiation apparently is the size reduction of both HfAl3 and Al grains. The possible reason is the thermal expansion and related thermal strain from the thermal neutron absorption. This technique can be applied to three-dimensional microstructure characterization of irradiated materials.

The Genyornis Egg: Response to Miller et al.'s commentary on Grellet-Tinner et al., 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Grellet-Tinner, Gerald; Spooner, Nigel A.; Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H.

2017-04-01

Williams (1981) and Williams and Rich (1991) attributed Australian Quaternary fossil eggshell that differed from that of emu Dromaius novaehollandiae to the extinct bird Genyornis newtoni without any osteological or embryonic support. Such association by proximity or abundance mirrors the case of the mistaken association of oviraptor eggs to Protoceratops in the 1920's by Andrews (Grellet-Tinner and Makovicky, 2006). No other candidate species was considered, and this attribution has been unchallenged and followed by everyone thereafter. Much research has been done on this Australian eggshell, with one result being that the extinction of the parent of this eggshell is the most well documented for a taxon in Australia (e.g., Miller et al., 1999, 2005). Grellet-Tinner et al. (2016) raised several problems with the identity of the eggshell Williams (1981) attributed to Genyornis newtoni and suggested that extinct megapodes of the genus Progura were the more likely layer of this eggshell type, therein referred to as ;putative Genyornis oological material; (PGOM). Miller et al. (2017) challenged our hypothesis stating that ;Based on the dimensions of the reconstructed Spooner Egg,Grellet-Tinner et al. (2016)argue that PGOM is too small for a bird with the body mass estimated for Genyornis (168-275 kg) … …[and] …. None of the additional PGOM observations reported byGrellet-Tinner et al. (2016)are inconsistent with a Genyornis parent;. Here we take the opportunity to respond to their critique, the basis of which resolves into a few points, which we address in turn.

Characterization of Al/Ni multilayers and their application in diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cao, J., E-mail: cao_jian@hit.edu.cn [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Song, X.G. [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Wu, L.Z. [Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Qi, J.L.; Feng, J.C. [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China)

2012-02-29

The Al/Ni multilayers were characterized and diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallics to TiC cermets was carried out using the multilayers. The microstructure of Al/Ni multilayers and TiAl/TiC cermet joint was investigated. The layered structures consisting of a Ni{sub 3}(AlTi) layer, a Ni{sub 2}AlTi layer, a (Ni,Al,Ti) layer and a Ni diffusion layer were observed from the interlayer to the TiAl substrate. Only one AlNi{sub 3} layer formed at the multilayer/TiC cermet interface. The reaction behaviour of Al/Ni multilayers was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The initial exothermic peak of the DSC curve was formed due to the formation of Al{sub 3}Ni and Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} phases. The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al{sub 3}Ni {yields} Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} {yields} AlNi {yields} AlNi{sub 3} and the final products were AlNi and AlNi{sub 3} phases. The shear strength of the joint was tested and the experimental results suggested that the application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet was realized using Al/Ni multilayer. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al{sub 3}Ni {yields} Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} {yields} AlNi {yields} AlNi{sub 3}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The interfacial microstructure of the joint was clarified. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality.

UNDERSTANDING THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL ISLAMIC FAITH THROUGH ‘ABD AL-GHANI AL-NABULUSI’S MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naoki Yamamoto

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper tries to present a new perspective on Islamic faith and Muslim identity to Muslim minorities who are challenged in practicing or following Islamic law in non-Islamic countries or non-Muslims in the contemporary world. It will uncover the multidimensional perspective of the concept of faith based on sin (dhanb and repentance (tawbah through the mystical philosophy of a Syrian scholar, Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi (d. 1143/1741 of the 18th century Ottoman Damascus who contributed to the field of Sufism particularly based on Ibn ‘Arabi’s thought of wahdat al-wujud (oneness of being and insan kamil (the perfect man. Nabulusi believes that anyone who lived during the inexistence of prophet’s revelation, inhabited an isolated place cut off from information about Islam, or lived in dar al-harb and did not make a hijra to dar al-islam could not be regarded as sinful in their deeds. However, faith in Allah is essential and infidelity is not forgiven regardless whether or not they live in dar al-islam or dar al-harb. Further, Nabulusi insists that true faith can be achieved by understanding the sin of existence; the ignorance of the difference of existence between Allah and men.  [Artikel ini menjelaskan identitas keberagamaan umat Islam minoritas yang dituntut untuk menerapkan syariat, namun harus hidup di negara non-muslim, dengan mendiskusikan perspektif multidimensional terhadap konsep dosa dan tobat seperti dikembangkan oleh Abd al-Ghanī al-Nabulusī (1143/1741, seorang sufi pemikir Syria, khususnya  wahdat al-wujūd dan insan kamil, yang hidup di masa kesultanan Usmani di Damaskus. Nabulusī berkeyakinan bahwa siapa saja yang hidup sebelum turunnya wahyu di masa Nabi, hidup di daerah terpencil yang tidak mengenal Islam, atau hidup di dar al-harb dan tidak hijrah ke dar al-islam, tidaklah dibebani dosa atas perbuatannya. Namun demikian, iman kepada Allah amatlah penting dan kekufuran tidaklah dimaafkan, baik seseorang tersebut hidup

PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN B2-ORDERED NiAl BY Ni2AlTiCOMPOUND

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

W.H. Tian; K. Ohishi; M. Nemoto

2001-01-01

Microstructural variations and correlated hardness changes in B2-ordered NiAl containing fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness tests. The amount of age hardening is not large as compared to the large microstructural variations during aging. TEM observations have revealed that the L21-type Ni2AlTi precipitates keep a lattice coherency with the NiAl matrix at the beginning of aging. By longer periods of aging Ni2AlTi precipitates lose their coherency and change their morphology to the globular ones surrounded by misfit dislocations. The temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate-containing B2-ordered NiAl was investigated by compression tests over the temperature range of 873-1273K. The fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi was found to enhance greatly the yield strength and the high-temperature strength is comparison with that of superalloy Mar-M200.``

Rupture of Al matrix in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel by fission induced creep

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeong, Gwan Yoon; Sohn, Dong Seong [UNIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Yeon Soo [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonnge (United States); Lee, Kyu Hong [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

This phenomenon was found specifically in the dispersion fuel plate with Si addition in the Al matrix to suppress interaction layer (IL) formation between UMo and Al. It is known that the stresses induced by fission induced swelling in U-Mo fuel particles are relieved by creep deformation of the IL, surrounding the fuel particles, that has a much higher creep rate than the Al matrix. Thus, when IL growth is suppressed, the stress is instead exerted on the Al matrix. The observed rupture in the Al matrix is believed to be caused when the stress exceeded the rupture strength of the Al matrix. In this study, the possibility of creep rupture of the Al matrix between the neighboring U-Mo fuel particles was examined using the ABAQUS finite element analysis (FEA) tool. The predicted rupture time for a plate was much shorter than its irradiation life indicating a rupture during the irradiation. The higher stress leads Al matrix to early creep rupture in this plate for which the Al matrix with lower creep strain rate does not effectively relieve the stress caused by the swelling of the U-Mo fuel particles. For the other plate, no rupture was predicted for the given irradiation condition. The effect of creeping of the continuous phase on the state of stress is significant.

Effect of Al and AlP on the microstructure of Mn-30 wt.%Si alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu Yuying [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2008-04-15

Effect of Al and AlP particles on the microstructure of near eutectic Mn-Si alloy (Mn-30 wt.%Si) was studied by Electron Probe Micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Crystal lattice correspondence analyses show that both Al and AlP have good lattice matching coherence relationships with MnSi phase, and the addition of Al and AlP particles results in an abnormal eutectic structure, i.e. the eutectic constitution MnSi and Mn{sub 5}Si{sub 3} precipitate separately: MnSi precipitates firstly, and then the Mn{sub 5}Si{sub 3} phase.

Elastocaloric effect in CuAlZn and CuAlMn shape memory alloys under compression

OpenAIRE

Qian, Suxin; Geng, Yunlong; Wang, Yi; Pillsbury, Thomas E.; Hada, Yoshiharu; Yamaguchi, Yuki; Fujimoto, Kenjiro; Hwang, Yunho; Radermacher, Reinhard; Cui, Jun; Yuki, Yoji; Toyotake, Koutaro; Takeuchi, Ichiro

2016-01-01

This paper reports the elastocaloric effect of two Cu-based shape memory alloys: Cu68Al16Zn16 (CuAlZn) and Cu73Al15Mn12 (CuAlMn), under compression at ambient temperature. The compression tests were conducted at two different rates to approach isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Upon unloading at a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 (adiabatic condition) from 4% strain, the highest adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTad) of 4.0 K for CuAlZn and 3.9 K for CuAlMn were obtained. The maximum stress and hystere...

Formation of Al3Ti/Mg composite by powder metallurgy of Mg-Al-Ti system.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zi R; Qi Wang, Shu; Cui, Xiang H; Zhao, Yu T; Gao, Ming J; Wei, Min X

2008-07-01

An in situ titanium trialuminide (Al 3 Ti)-particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composite has been successfully fabricated by the powder metallurgy of a Mg-Al-Ti system. The reaction processes and formation mechanism for synthesizing the composite were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Al 3 Ti particles are found to be synthesized in situ in the Mg alloy matrix. During the reaction sintering of the Mg-Al-Ti system, Al 3 Ti particles are formed through the reaction of liquid Al with as-dissolved Ti around the Ti particles. The formed intermetallic particles accumulate at the original sites of the Ti particles. As sintering time increases, the accumulated intermetallic particles disperse and reach a relatively homogeneous distribution in the matrix. It is found that the reaction process of the Mg-Al-Ti system is almost the same as that of the Al-Ti system. Mg also acts as a catalytic agent and a diluent in the reactions and shifts the reactions of Al and Ti to lower temperatures. An additional amount of Al is required for eliminating residual Ti and solid-solution strengthening of the Mg matrix.

REVISANDO OS FATORES PSICOSSOCIAIS DO TRABALHO DE ENFERMAGEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARCELA LUÍSA MANETTI

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Los factores psicológicos/sociales del trabajo de enfermería llaman la atención debido al aumento registrado en los índices de ausentismo y enfermedad de los trabajadores, lo que perjudica la calidad de la asistencia de salud ofrecida. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores psicológicos/sociales presentes en el ambiente de trabajo de enfermería y verificar su repercusión en los trabajadores y en los servicios médicos. Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada entre 1995 y 2005, en revistas catalogadas según datos nacionales e internacionales. Al analizar 49 artículos quedó claro que los factores psicológicos/sociales presentes en el trabajo de enfermería están relacionados con: cambios e innovaciones en la organización del trabajo, autonomía, ambiente institucional, oportunidad de crecimiento profesional, gerencia, relaciones interpersonales y violencia. El hecho de estar expuesto a estos factores ocasiona estrés, insatisfacción laboral, desgaste físico/mental, sufrimiento, absentismo y turno de trabajadores. Los resultados del estudio contribuyen con la planificación e implantación de programas preventivos de enfermedades profesionales.

Juventudes y política: usos de la militancia juvenil en La Cámpora en medios nacionales durante la campaña electoral 2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Cozachcow

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El trabajo analiza los usos de la militancia juvenil en la agrupación La Cámpora en medios de comunicación nacionales durante la campaña electoral 2013. A partir del análisis de material periodístico, se intentara reconstruir los usos del concepto de militancia juvenil político-partidaria, en la cual la principal y prácticamente única protagonista será la agrupación juvenil oficialista La Cámpora. A partir de la sociología de la desviación, y los estudios que analizan las formas de nombrar a los jóvenes, se intentará analizar en qué medida estos usos de la militancia remiten a disputas en torno al deber ser de la juventud en la Argentina actual, así como a una estrategia llevada a cabo por actores opuestos al oficialismo de turno, planteada en el marco de una campaña negativa característica de las campañas electorales que buscó atacar de forma directa a uno de los elementos centrales de la construcción del kirchnerismo: la apelación a la juventud, tanto discursiva como en el ámbito de las políticas públicas.

Al-‘Alāqah baina Ushūl al-Fiqh wa Maqāshidi al-Sharīah wa al-Da’wah ilā Ta’sīsi ‘Ilmi al-Maqāshid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anggraini Binti Ramli

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The study of Maqāshid sharīa is an important point in the discussion of Islamic legal theory (ushūl al-fiqh. Serious debates began to emerge in the 19th century among Islamic jurists concerning the position of maqāshid sharīa. At least, there are three important debates in the history; first, whether maqāshid is part of the discussion ushūl al-fiqh; second, is maqāshid sharīa built upon a foundation of classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh; and third, whether the maqāshid sharīa study is able to become an independent science that is separated from the study of classical Islamic jurisprudence. This article tries to present a discussion of the three paradigms by employing a descriptive-analytic method. The results of this study uncover that the study of maqāshid sharīa is like two sides of one coin; theoretically it is a distinctive study from ushūl al-fiqh, but it cannot be separated from one another. Ushūl al-fiqh has become the foundation to find out more details about the study of maqashid sharia. The separation between classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh and maqāshid sharīa study conducted by Islamic jurists is a relative separation.

Solutional Landforms of Gabal Al-Qaraha, the Oasis of Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia

OpenAIRE

Embabi, Nabil S.

1981-01-01

Jabal Al-Qarah is one of the small outlier hills at the Oasis of Al-Hasa, lying at about lOkm ENE of Al-Hafuf Town. The solutional forms of Al-Qarah hill discussed in this paper are as follows : 1. A calcareous duricrust which covers the top and some of the slopes of the hill. 2. Rock Pillars which are long columns of white lime-stone. 3. Huge crevasses which are wide erosional openings along vertical joints. 4. Narrow, sinuous caves inside the hill. 5. Pedestal rocks with mushroo...

Comparison on the interaction of Al3+/nano-Al13 with calf thymus DNA /salmon sperm DNA

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Fei; Ma, Yue; Du, Changwen; Yang, Xiaodi; Shen, Renfang

2015-11-01

The conformation change, binding mode and binding site between Al3+/nano-Al13 and calf thymus DNA/salmon sperm DNA were investigated by UV-vis absorption, FTIR spectra, Raman spectroscopy and CD spectra, as well as melting curves measurement. The UV-vis spectra and circular dichroism spectra results suggested that the phosphate group structure was changed when Al3+ interacted with DNA, while the double-helix was distorted when nano-Al13 interacted with DNA. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the binding sites were Al3+ … PO2, Al3+ … N7/guanine PO2 … Al13 … N7-C8/guanine with calf thymus DNA, and Al3+ … N3-O2/cytosine, Al3+ … N7-C8/guanine, PO2 … Al13 … N7-C8/guanine, PO2 … Al13 … N1/adenine with salmon sperm DNA, respectively. The electrostatic binding was existed between Al3+ and DNA, and the electrostatic binding and complexing were found between nano-Al13 and DNA.

Bukti Kebenaran Al-quran

OpenAIRE

Aliyah, Sri

2015-01-01

Al Quran is the greatest miracles of Muhammad SAW as the direction of humankind in order to reach eternal happiness. Scientific evidences show that Al Quran has the truth massages, although it was released far before the finding of modern sciences. The researches continue to study the truth of Al Quran an it revealed the historical fact.

Sintering of (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 Materials and their Corrosion Process in Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 Electrolyte

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Yibiao; Li, Yawei; Yang, Jianhong; Sang, Shaobai; Wang, Qinghu

2017-06-01

The application of ledge-free sidewalls in the Hall-Héroult cells can potentially reduce the energy requirement of aluminum production by about 30 pct (Nightingale et al. in J Eur Ceram, 33:2761-2765, 2013). However, this approach poses great material challenges since such sidewalls are in direct contact with corrosive electrolyte. In the present paper, (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 materials were prepared using fused magnesia, reactive alumina, nickel oxide, and iron oxide powders as the starting materials. The sintering behaviors of specimens as well as their corrosion resistance to molten electrolyte have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results show that after firing at temperature ranging from 1673 K (1400 °C) up to 1873 K (1600 °C), all the specimens prepared are composed of single-phase (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel, the lattice parameter of which increases with increasing Fe3+ ion concentration. Increasing the iron oxide content enhances densification of the specimens, which is accompanied by the formation of homogeneously distributed smaller pores in the matrix. The corrosion tests show that corrosion layers consist of fluoride and Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel grains are produced in specimens with Fe/Al mole ratio no more than 1, whereas dense Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel layers are formed on the surface of the specimens with Fe/Al mole ratio more than 1. The dense Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel layers formed improve the corrosion resistance of the specimens by inhibiting the infiltration of electrolyte and hindering the chemical reaction between the specimen and electrolyte.

Synthesis of Al(OH3 Nanostructures from Al(OH3 Microagglomerates via Dissolution-Precipitation Route

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Bo Yu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A facile method was developed to synthesize Al(OH3 nanostructures from Al(OH3 microagglomerates by dissolution in 9.0 mol·L−1 NaOH at 115°C followed by dilution and aging of the solution at room temperature. The influence of Al(OH3 nanoseed and surfactants as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB on the formation of the Al(OH3 nano-structures was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the Al(OH3 microspheres composed of nanoparticles were prepared in the blank experiment, while dispersive Al(OH3 nano-particles with a diameter of 80–100 nm were produced in the presence of Al(OH3 nano-seed and CTAB.

Effects of Al content on structure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, S.X.; Yin, L.X.; Che, H.W.; Jing, R.; Zhou, Y.K.; Ma, M.Z.; Liu, R.P.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Phase structure is greatly dependent on the Al content. • Intermetallic compound will precipitates while Al content is over 6.9 wt%. • Equiaxed α-phase grains present in the hot-rolled alloy with 6.9 wt% Al. • Alloys with Al content from 3.3 wt% to 5.6 wt% have good mechanical properties. - Abstract: Zirconium alloys show attractive properties for astronautic applications where the most important factors are anti-irradiation, corrosion resistance, anti-oxidant, very good strength-to-weight ratio. The effects of Al content (2.2–6.9 wt%) on structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloy samples were investigated in this study. Each sample of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents from 2.2 wt% to 5.6 wt% is composed of the α phase and β phase, meanwhile, the relative content of the α phase increased with the Al content. However, the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound was observed as the Al content increased to 6.9 wt%. Changes of phase compositions and structure with Al content distinctly affected mechanical properties of ZrTiAlV alloys. Yield strength of the alloy with 2.2 wt% Al is below 200 MPa. As Al content increased to 5.6 wt%, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the examined alloy are 1088 MPa, 1256 MPa and 8%, respectively. As Al content further increased to 6.9 wt%, a rapid decrease in ductility was observed as soon as the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound precipitated. Results show that the ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents between 3.3 wt% and 5.6 wt% have excellent mechanical properties

Review Essay: Recent Scholarship from the Buryat Mongols of Siberia

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Robert W. Montgomery

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Review essay on the edited volume Etnicheskaia istoriia i kul’turno-bytovye traditsii narodov baikal’skogo regiona. [The Ethnic History and the Traditions of Culture and Daily Life of the Peoples of the Baikal Region] Ed. M. N. Baldano, O. V. Buraeva and D. D. Nimaev (Ulan-Ude, 2010

Relationship between Al content and substitution mechanism of Al-bearing anhydrous bridgmanites

Science.gov (United States)

Noda, M.; Inoue, T.; Kakizawa, S.

2017-12-01

It is considered that two substitution mechanisms, Tschermak substitution and oxygen vacancy substitution, exist in MgSiO3 bridgmanite for the incorporation of Al in anhydrous condition. Kubo and Akaogi (2000) has conducted the phase equilibrium experiment in the system MgSiO3-Al2O3, and established the phase diagram up to 28 GPa. However the careful observation in the bridgmanite shows that the chemical compositions are slightly deviated from Tschermak substitution join. The same tendency can be also observed in the run products by Irifune et al. (1996). This result indicates that pure Tschermak substitution bridgmanite cannot be stable even in the MgSiO3-Al2O3 join experiment. However, the previous studies used powder samples as the starting materials, so the absorbed water may affect the results. Therefore, we tried to conduct the experiment in the join MgSiO3-Al2O3 in extremely anhydrous condition to clarify whether the pure Tschermak substitution bridgmanite can be stable or not. In addition, we also examined the stability of oxygen vacancy bridgmanite in the extremely anhydrous condition for the comparison. The high pressure synthesis experiments were conducted at 28 GPa and 1600-1700° for 1hour using a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. Four different Al content samples were prepared as the starting materials along the ideal substitution line of Tschermak (Al=0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mol) and oxygen-vacancy (Al=0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 mol) substitutions, respectively (when total cation of 2). The glass rods were used as the starting materials to eliminate the absorbed water on the sample surface. The chemical compositions of the synthesized bridgmanite could not be measured by EPMA because of small grain size less than submicron. Therefore the chemical compositions were estimated from the result of the XRD pattern by subtracting the amount of the other phases. The estimated chemical compositions of Tschermak substitution bridgmanites were consistent with the

Burden of rare variants in ALS genes influences survival in familial and sporadic ALS.

Science.gov (United States)

Pang, Shirley Yin-Yu; Hsu, Jacob Shujui; Teo, Kay-Cheong; Li, Yan; Kung, Michelle H W; Cheah, Kathryn S E; Chan, Danny; Cheung, Kenneth M C; Li, Miaoxin; Sham, Pak-Chung; Ho, Shu-Leong

2017-10-01

Genetic variants are implicated in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it is unclear whether the burden of rare variants in ALS genes has an effect on survival. We performed whole genome sequencing on 8 familial ALS (FALS) patients with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and whole exome sequencing on 46 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients living in Hong Kong and found that 67% had at least 1 rare variant in the exons of 40 ALS genes; 22% had 2 or more. Patients with 2 or more rare variants had lower probability of survival than patients with 0 or 1 variant (p = 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, each additional rare variant increased the risk of respiratory failure or death by 60% (p = 0.0098). The presence of the rare variant was associated with the risk of ALS (Odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.61, p = 0.03), and ALS patients had higher rare variant burden than controls (MB, p = 0.004). Our findings support an oligogenic basis with the burden of rare variants affecting the development and survival of ALS. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of Al grain boundaries segregations and La-doping on embrittlement of intermetallic NiAl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kovalev, Anatoly I., E-mail: a_kovalev@sprg.ru; Wainstein, Dmitry L.; Rashkovskiy, Alexander Yu.

2015-11-01

Highlights: • We investigated Al grain boundaries segregations in ordered pure and La-doped NiAl. • Structural segregation of Al decreases critical strain for brittle cracks nucleation. • La alloying sharply improves plasticity of NiAl intermetallic. • Metallicity of interatomic bonds on grain boundaries increases at La alloying. • We have experimentally measured by EELFS that La atoms are located in Al sublattice. - Abstract: The microscopic nature of intergranular fracture of NiAl was experimentally investigated by the set of electron spectroscopy techniques. The paper demonstrates that embrittlement of NiAl intermetallic compound is caused by ordering of atomic structure that leads to formation of structural aluminum segregations at grain boundaries (GB). Such segregations contain high number of brittle covalent interatomic bonds. The alloying by La increases the ductility of material avoiding Al GB enrichment and disordering GB atomic structure. The influence of La alloying on NiAl mechanical properties was investigated. GB chemical composition, atomic and electronic structure transformations after La doping were investigated by AES, XPS and EELFS techniques. To qualify the interatomic bonds metallicity the Fermi level (E{sub F}) position and electrons density (n{sub eff}) in conduction band were determined in both undoped and doped NiAl. Basing on experimental results the physical model of GB brittleness formation was proposed.

Heterogeneous nucleation of solid Al from the melt by Al 3 Ti : Molecular dynamics simulations

KAUST Repository

Wang, Junsheng; Horsfield, Andrew; Lee, Peter D.; Brommer, Peter

2010-01-01

It has been known experimentally for some time that Al3 Ti is a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To develop this understanding, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation and early stages of growth using published embedded atom method potentials for Al-Ti, but modified by us to stabilize the D 022 structure. We discover that Al3 Ti can indeed be very effective in promoting the growth of solid Al but the manner in which growth takes place depends sensitively on the surface on which the Al nucleates. In particular, complete growth of solid Al from the liquid on the (001) and (110) surfaces of Al3 Ti occurs at a lower temperature than on the (112) surface. This anisotropy agrees with observations in previous experiments. We explain this observation in terms of interfacial energies. On the preferential (111) surface of Al the solid-liquid interfacial energy is highest while the solid-vacuum energy is lowest. Our simulations also show that the extent of ordering taking place in liquid Al close to the Al 3 Ti substrate above the melting point correlates well with the effectiveness of the substrate as a nucleant below the melting temperature: this could provide a computationally efficient scheme to identify good nucleants. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Heterogeneous nucleation of solid Al from the melt by Al 3 Ti : Molecular dynamics simulations

KAUST Repository

Wang, Junsheng

2010-10-27

It has been known experimentally for some time that Al3 Ti is a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To develop this understanding, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation and early stages of growth using published embedded atom method potentials for Al-Ti, but modified by us to stabilize the D 022 structure. We discover that Al3 Ti can indeed be very effective in promoting the growth of solid Al but the manner in which growth takes place depends sensitively on the surface on which the Al nucleates. In particular, complete growth of solid Al from the liquid on the (001) and (110) surfaces of Al3 Ti occurs at a lower temperature than on the (112) surface. This anisotropy agrees with observations in previous experiments. We explain this observation in terms of interfacial energies. On the preferential (111) surface of Al the solid-liquid interfacial energy is highest while the solid-vacuum energy is lowest. Our simulations also show that the extent of ordering taking place in liquid Al close to the Al 3 Ti substrate above the melting point correlates well with the effectiveness of the substrate as a nucleant below the melting temperature: this could provide a computationally efficient scheme to identify good nucleants. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Strength of Al and Al-Mg/alumina bonds prepared using ultrahigh vacuum diffusion bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, W.E.; Campbell, G.H.; Wien, W.L.; Stoner, S.L.

1994-01-01

The authors have measured the cross-breaking strength of Al and Al-Mg alloys bonded with alumina. Diffusion bonding of Al and Al-Mg alloys requires significantly more bonding time than previously thought to obtain complete bonding. In contrast to previous diffusion bonding studies, fracture morphologies are similar to those obtained in bonds formed by liquid phase reaction; i.e., bonds are as strong or stronger than the ceramic; and fracture tends to propagate in the metal for pure Al and near the interface in the ceramic for the alloys. There are indications that the fracture morphology depends on Mg content and therefore on plasticity in the metal

Wear protection in cutting tool applications by PACVD (Ti,Al)N and Al2O3 coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kathrein, M.; Heiss, M.; Rofner, R.; Schleinkofer, U.; Schintlmeister, W.; Schatte, J.; Mitterer, C.

2001-01-01

Various (Ti,Al)N-, Al 2 O 3 -, and (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings were deposited onto cemented carbide cutting tool inserts by a plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technique. Al 2 O 3 coatings were deposited using the gaseous mixture AlCl 3 , Ar, H 2 , and O 2 . (Ti,Al)N intermediate layers were deposited in the same device using the process mentioned and the gases AICl 3 , Ar, H 2 , TiCl 4 and N 2 . The unique properties of (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings result in superior wear protection for cutting inserts applied in severe multifunction cutting processes. The influence of different deposition temperatures an structure and properties of the coatings like crystallographic phases, chemical composition, mechanical and technological properties is shown. PACVD (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 coated cutting inserts with fine grained crystalline α/κ-Al 2 O 3 offer performance advantages which are superior with respect to coatings deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) due to the low deposition temperature applied. (author)

Current transport mechanism in graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions

Science.gov (United States)

Pandit, Bhishma; Seo, Tae Hoon; Ryu, Beo Deul; Cho, Jaehee

2016-06-01

The current transport mechanism of graphene formed on AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40) is investigated. The current-voltage measurement from graphene to AlGaN/GaN shows an excellent rectifying property. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the graphene/AlGaN/GaN contacts increases with the Al mole fraction in AlGaN. However, the current transport mechanism deviates from the Schottky-Mott theory owing to the deterioration of AlGaN crystal quality at high Al mole fractions confirmed by reverse leakage current measurement.

Current transport mechanism in graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bhishma Pandit

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The current transport mechanism of graphene formed on AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 is investigated. The current–voltage measurement from graphene to AlGaN/GaN shows an excellent rectifying property. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the graphene/AlGaN/GaN contacts increases with the Al mole fraction in AlGaN. However, the current transport mechanism deviates from the Schottky-Mott theory owing to the deterioration of AlGaN crystal quality at high Al mole fractions confirmed by reverse leakage current measurement.

Assessment of phase constitution on the Al-rich region of rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolf, W.; Bolfarini, C.; Kiminami, C.S.; Botta, W.J.

2016-01-01

The formation of quasicrystalline approximants in rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated. Alloys of atomic composition Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 , Al 77 Co 11 Fe 6 Cr 6 and Al 76 Co 19 Fe 4 Cr 1 were produced using melt spinning and arc melting methods and their microstructural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Up to the present there is no consensus in the literature regarding the formation of quasicrystalline phase or quasicrystalline approximants in the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy. This work presents, for the first time, a detailed structural characterization of selected alloys in the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system close to the atomic composition Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 . The results indicated the samples to be composed, mostly, by two intermetallic phases, which are quaternary extensions of Al 5 Co 2 and Al 13 Co 4 and are quasicrystalline approximants. Although the Al 5 Co 2 phase has already been reported in the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy, the presence of the monoclinic Al 13 Co 4 is now identified for the first time in the as cast state. In the binary Al-Co system a quasicrystalline phase is known to form in a rapidly solidified alloy with composition close to the monoclinic and orthorhombic Al 13 Co 4 phases. This binary quasicrystalline phase presents an average valence electron per atom (e/a) between 1.7 and 1.9; thus, in addition to the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy, the compositions Al 77 Co 11 Fe 6 Cr 6 and Al 76 Co 19 Fe 4 Cr 1 were chosen to be within the region of formation of the quaternary extension of the Al 13 Co 4 phase and also within the (e/a) of 1.7 to 1.9. However, no quasicrystalline phase is present in any of the studied alloys. The Al-Co-Fe-Cr system, around the compositions studied, is composed of quaternary extensions of Al-Co intermetallic phases, which present solubility of Fe and Cr at Co atomic sites. - Highlights: •The Al rich region of the Al

Comparison of ALS functionality and plant growth in ALS-inhibitor susceptible and resistant Myosoton aquaticum L.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Weitang; Bai, Shuang; Jia, Sisi; Guo, Wenlei; Zhang, Lele; Li, Wei; Wang, Jinxin

2017-10-01

Herbicide target-site resistance mutations may cause pleiotropic effects on plant ecology and physiology. The effect of several known (Pro197Ser, Pro197Leu Pro197Ala, and Pro197Glu) target-site resistance mutations of the ALS gene on both ALS functionality and plant vegetative growth of weed Myosoton aquaticum L. (water chickweed) have been investigated here. The enzyme kinetics of ALS from four purified water chickweed populations that each homozygous for the specific target-site resistance-endowing mutations were characterized and the effect of these mutations on plant growth was assessed via relative growth rate (RGR) analysis. Plants homozygous for Pro197Ser and Pro197Leu exhibited higher extractable ALS activity than susceptible (S) plants, while all ALS mutations with no negative change in ALS kinetics. The Pro197Leu mutation increased ALS sensitivity to isoleucine and valine, and Pro197Glu mutation slightly increased ALS sensitivity to isoleucine. RGR results indicated that none of these ALS resistance mutations impose negative pleiotropic effects on relative growth rate. However, resistant (R) seeds had a lowed germination rate than S seeds. This study provides baseline information on ALS functionality and plant growth characteristics associated with ALS inhibitor resistance-endowing mutations in water chickweed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

AL FIKR AL BALAGHI FI AL MA’ĂNI ‘INDA AS SAKĂKI FI KITABIHI MIFTAHUL ULUM DIRĂSAH BALAGHIYYAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Talqis Nurdianto

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Miftāhul ‘Ulūm, written by al-Sakākī, especially the third part, was the beginning of a new phase in the development of Arabic rhetoric. Al-Sakākī divided the rhetoric into three fields of study, which are  (1 Ma’ānī, (2 Bayān, (3 Badī’. However, his style is influenced by philosophers, theologians and their verbal lexicon, which are difficult to take, especially for the ordinary recipient. Al-Sakākī described that his book containing several types of literature, namely, ‘ilm ṣarf in complete version and its conclusion, derivation science, and the grammatical study in the completeness of Ma’ānī and Bayān. The meaning of Makna is the study of completeness and conclusion. Therefore, books and prose, and poem require al-‘Arūḍ and al-Qawāfī include Ṣarf, Grammar, Ma’ānī, Bayān, limitation, reasoning, al’Arūḍ, and al-Qawāfī. He argued that the fields of study were influential in delivering knowledge to the student in order to reach the goal of the author towards his book.This research was an analytical descriptive study of al-Sakākī rhetoric that focused on the normative aspect represented by rhetorical rule and aesthetic aspects. Those aspects were shown by the feeling. Al-Sakākī rhetoric thought is a method based on mental division and has conducted in the construction of many factors, which the most important of them are philosophy and logic. Keywords: thought, rhetoric, meanings, sakkaki, study

A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti3Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jianing; Chen Chuanzhong; Squartini, Tiziano; He Qingshan

2010-01-01

Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti 3 Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti 3 Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

Study of the 27Al(n,2,)26Al reaction via accelerator mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wallner, A.

2000-06-01

The excitation function for the 27 Al(n,2n) 26 Al reaction is expected to show a strongly non-linear behavior in the neutron-energy region around 14 MeV, the neutron energy in D-T plasmas; thus the production rate of 26 Al (t 1/2 =7.2*10 5 a) in D-T fusion environments can in principle be used to measure the temperature of such plasmas. Existing measurements, however, are strongly discordant. Therefore, a new accurate measurement of the 27 Al(n,2n) 26 Al cross sections in the near threshold region (E n =13.5-14.8 MeV) was performed with the goal to achieve relative cross sections with the highest accuracy possible. In addition, the measurements were also designed to provide good absolute cross-section values, as absolute cross sections are important for radioactive waste predictions. Samples of Al metal were irradiated with neutrons in the energy range near threshold (E th =13.55 MeV) at the Radiuminstitutes of both Vienna and St. Petersburg, and in Tokai-mura, Japan. In Tuebingen irradiations with neutrons of higher energies (17 and 19 MeV) were performed. The amount of 26 Al produced during the irradiations was measured via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA). This work represents the first 26 Al measurements for this new facility. With this system, a background as low as 3*10 -15 for 26 Al/ 27 Al isotope ratios was obtained, corresponding to a (n,2n) cross section of 0.04 mb. Utilizing AMS, cross sections with much higher precision and considerably closer to the threshold than in previous investigations could be measured. The prerequisite for its application as a temperature monitor, namely a very well known shape of the excitation function was met. A quantitative prediction of the sensitivity of this method for monitoring the temperature in a D-T fusion plasma was therefore possible. For thermal plasmas temperature changes in the order of 5 to 15 % should be detectable. An even higher sensitivity was found

Magnetostrictive properties of FeAl/polyester and FeAl/silicone composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riesgo, G. [Dpto. de Ciencias y Técnicas de la Navegación, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus universitario de Gijón, 33203 Gijón (Spain); Carrizo, J. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Elbaile, L., E-mail: elbaile@uniovi.es [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Crespo, R.D. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Sepúlveda, R. [Dpto. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de los Materiales, Universidad de Sevilla, Isla Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla (Spain); García, J.A. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain)

2017-01-15

Highlights: • Nanocrystalline powders of FeAl have been obtained from the Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} ribbon produced by melt spinning. • The method allows the obtainment of a FeAl solid solution from the starting process. • The microstructure and magnetic properties of the powders were investigated. • Composites with a magnetostriction of 45 ppm have been obtained. - Abstract: Ribbons of composition Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} obtained by the melt spinning method have been used to yield powder by mechanical milling. Using this method, a rapid nanocrystallization and a FeAl solid solution phase was obtained from the start of the process. The microstructural and magnetic properties as well as the XRD patterns of the powders were studied in function of the milling time. Grain refinement and an increase of the coercive field were the main transformations resulting from increasing the milling time. Two sets of magnetostrictive composites were produced from the 100 h-milled powder. In one of them polyester was used as matrix and in the other one silicone. In the case of the silicone composites cured in a magnetic field of 140 mT in the longitudinal direction a saturation magnetostriction as high as 45 ppm was obtained.

Thermodynamic calculation of Al-Gd and Al-Gd-Mg phase equilibria checked by key experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groebner, J.; Kevorkov, D.; Schmid-Fetzer, R.

2001-01-01

The binary Al-Gd and the ternary Al-Gd-Mg systems were calculated using the Calphad method. It is demonstrated that previous interpretation of ternary liquidus temperatures below 700 C must be related to other phase equilibria. The actual ternary liquidus temperatures are much higher, up to some 600 C above the previous interpretation in literature. They are widely governed by the high-melting compounds Al 2 Gd and Al 3 Gd with liquidus surfaces stretching far into the ternary system. A small number of key experiments in this work confirmed the calculated liquidus temperature and the phase relations. The available experimental data in literature fit excellently with the calculation in the binary Al-Gd system. In the ternary Al-Gd-Mg system, which is shown in several sections of the phase diagram, a good agreement can be observed too, considering the necessary reinterpretation of the liquidus temperatures suggested by Rokhlin et al. Ternary solubilities were not found experimentally. The ternary compound Al 4 GdMg (τ) forms in a ternary peritectic reaction at 761 C. (orig.)

Forged HITEMAL: Al-based MMCs strengthened with nanometric thick Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balog, Martin, E-mail: ummsbama@savba.sk [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia); Krizik, Peter; Nosko, Martin; Hajovska, Zuzana [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia); Victoria Castro Riglos, Maria [Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9.500, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro (Argentina); Rajner, Walter [New Materials Development GmbH, Römerstrasse 28, 83410 Laufen, Leobendorf (Germany); Liu, De-Shin [National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Hsiung, 62102 Chia-Yi, Taiwan (China); Simancik, Frantisek [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2014-09-08

Bulk Al–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} metal matrix composites (MMCs) named HITEMAL (high temperature aluminum) were fabricated in situ by forging compaction of five different types of gas-atomized commercial purity Al powders with a mean particle size in the range of 1–9 µm. As-forged HITEMAL consisted of (sub)micrometric Al grains (matrix) decorated with nanometric thick amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) skeleton. Low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) free of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were located in the Al grain interior. The Al grain size and the portion of LAGBs increased with the increase in the relative powder surface area. As-forged HITEMAL shows excellent thermal stability up to 400 °C for 24 h. Annealing at temperatures ≥450 °C led to crystallization and morphological transformation from a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton to nanometric γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles. Owing to the pinning effect of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase, no Al grain growth took place during annealing up to 500 °C. HITEMAL showed attractive mechanical properties especially when tested at 300 °C (yield strength up to 220 MPa, Young's modulus up to 58 GPa). Despite the presence of a nearly continuous a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton along adjacent Al grains, forged HITEMAL materials had reasonable room temperature elongation of 7–26%. HITEMAL's elongation decreased as the Al grain size decreased and with increased testing temperature. The loss in elongation (uniform and total) was attributed to the inhomogeneous flow, which occurred due to high densities of high angle grain boundaries (dislocation sinks) and small content of LAGBs. The strength of HITEMAL stemmed from grain boundary mediated strengthening mechanisms. The results showed a positive deviation from the Hall–Petch plot, which is typical behavior of ultrafine-grained metals. Transformation of a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton to γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles led to deterioration of the HITEMAL strength and Young's modulus.

Determination of Al concentration in Al doped ZnO using Auger spectra excited by Mo X-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toth, J.; Koever, L.; Cserny, I.; Varga, D.

2006-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. A good conductor with excellent transparency is of crucial importance for the window layer of CIGS solar cells. Al doped ZnO is a good candidate for this purpose, its conductivity depends on the concentration and chemical state of the Al dopant atoms. It was demonstrated that the non-conventional XPS using Mo X-rays for excitation is a very sensitive tool for the detection of Al, P, Si [1, 2, 3]. The present paper compares the experimental ratios for Zn/Al photoinduced peak intensity ratios obtained using both Al and Mo X-ray excitations. The Mo excited Zn/Al intensity ratios can be determined with higher selectivity and sensitivity than the Zn/Al intensity ratios excited by Al X-rays. The experiments were performed with a hemispherical deflector electron spectrometer [4]. The chemical state of the Al was identified to be close to that in Al 2 O 3 . The atomic concentrations were determined using a calibration curve based on ZnO/Al samples with known composition of Al. The energy dependent efficiency of the electron spectrometer was determined comparing REELS spectra of Cu specimen to standard spectra measured by K. Goto (Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan). For evaluation of the Al atomic concentrations from the measured photoelectron intensities the photoionisation cross-sections of Band et al [5] and the IMFP data of S. Tanuma et al [6] and C.J. Powell and A. Jablonski [7] were used. (author)

Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiao; Wang, Wei; Wang, Jingli; Wu, Hao; Liu, Chang

2017-03-01

P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgGa δ doped AlGaN SLs. Mg acceptor activation energy was significantly reduced from 0.378 to 0.331 eV by using MgGa δ doping in SLs instead of traditional doping in alloys. This new process was confirmed to be able to realize high p-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN.

Al-Shebab: An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study (2Rev)

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

deputies responsible for finance , administration, and security. Coordination among regional groups is common.10 The deputy leader of al-Shebab, Mukhtar...Maaliya (Ministry of Finance ) controlled taxation. A complex court system also emerged. Multiple training camps were built that focused on hand-to-hand...Nathan Chandler, Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Somalia: Assessing the Campaign Against Al Shabaab, Rand Corporation , 2016, accessed 6/5

Effects of the length and timing of nighttime naps on task performance and physiological function

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hidemaro Takeyama

2004-12-01

noturno simulado. MÉTODOS: Seis estudantes foram recrutados para o estudo que consistiu de cinco experimentos. Cada experimento consistia de três dias consecutivos com um turno noturno (22:00-8:00h seguido por um período de sono diurno e noturno. Os experimentos compreendiam cinco condições em que a duração e o horário dos cochilos eram manipulados: 0:00-1:00 (E60, 0:00-2:00 (E120, 4:00-5:00 (L60, 4:00-6:00 (L120 e sem cochilo (N-nap. Durante os turnos noturnos, os participantes foram submetidos a testes de desempenho. Um questionário sobre cansaço subjetivo e um teste de freqüência crítica de luz foram aplicados depois dos testes de desempenho. A variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e a temperatura retal foram registrados continuamente durante os experimentos. Polissonografia também foi realizada durante o cochilo. RESULTADOS: A latência de sono foi menor e a eficiência do sono maior no cochilo em L60 e L120 que em E60 e E120. O sono de ondas lentas nos cochilos em E120 e L120 foi mais longo que em E60 e L60. O tempo médio de reação em L60 ficou mais longo depois do cochilo e mais rápido em E60 e E120. Os cochilos em horário mais cedo serviram para neutralizar a queda no desempenho e funções fisiológicas durante o turno noturno. Houve uma ligeira melhora do desempenho ao se tirar um cochilo de duas horas num horário mais tarde durante o turno, mas houve piora depois de um cochilo de uma hora. CONCLUSÕES: Os cochilos na última metade do turno noturno foram melhores em termos de qualidade de sono do que os cochilos em um horário mais cedo. O desempenho, no entanto, piorou depois de um cochilo de uma hora em um horário mais tarde durante o turno por causa da inércia do sono. O estudo indica que o horário adequado de um cochilo curto deve ser cuidadosamente considerado, tal como um cochilo de 60 minutos durante o turno noturno.

Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

OpenAIRE

Xiao Wang; Wei Wang; Jingli Wang; Hao Wu; Chang Liu

2017-01-01

P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgG...

Tadris Al Mufradat Li Tathbiq Maharah Al Kalam Fi Madrasah Al Muallimin Al Islamiyyah Li Mahad Bait Al Arqam Balong Jember

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2017-06-01

Full Text Available There are four  skills in teaching Arabic. Ie listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among these four, speaking considered one of the most important objectives of learning foreign language. In order to speak properly, one must know the vocabulary and apply it in a sentence. The aims of this research is to describe the teaching of vocabulary to apply the speaking skill in the school of Islamic teachers in the Institute of Bait al Arqom Balong Jember. This study used qualitative approach. The data collection was taken trough observation, personal interview, history and documentation. The teaching of vocabulary to apply the speaking skill at the Islamic Teachers' School at the Institute of Bait Al Arqam Balong Jember has gone well in terms of planning (general objectives and specific objectives, implementation (materials, use of the teaching method and teaching aids, and evaluation (assessment and evaluation. This teaching is to apply the speaking skill in terms of conversation or dialogue and lecture.

NEK1 genetic variability in a Belgian cohort of ALS and ALS-FTD patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Hung Phuoc; Van Mossevelde, Sara; Dillen, Lubina; De Bleecker, Jan L; Moisse, Matthieu; Van Damme, Philip; Van Broeckhoven, Christine; van der Zee, Julie

2018-01-01

We evaluated the genetic impact of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk gene never in mitosis gene a-related kinase 1 (NEK1) in a Belgian cohort of 278 patients with ALS (n = 245) or ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD, n = 33) and 609 control individuals. We identified 2 ALS patients carrying a loss-of-function (LOF) mutation, p.Leu854Tyrfs*2 and p.Tyr871Valfs*17, that was absent in the control group. A third LOF variant p.Ser1036* was present in 2 sibs with familial ALS but also in an unrelated control person. Missense variants were common in both patients (3.6%) and controls (3.0%). The missense variant, p.Arg261His, which was previously associated with ALS risk, was detected with a minor allele frequency of 0.90% in patients compared to 0.33% in controls. Taken together, NEK1 LOF variants accounted for 1.1% of patients, although interpretation of pathogenicity and penetrance is complicated by the observation of occasional LOF variants in unaffected individuals (0.16%). Furthermore, enrichment of additional ALS gene mutations was observed in NEK1 carriers, suggestive of a "second hit" model were NEK1 variants may modify disease presentation of driving mutations. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effect of ammonia flow in the AlN spacer on the electrical properties of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gamarra, Piero; Lacam, Cedric; Magis, Michelle; Tordjman, Maurice; Di Forte Poisson, Marie-Antoinette

2012-01-01

During the past few years it has been reported that a thin AlN spacer of few nanometers needs to be inserted in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to obtain high 2DEG carrier mobility. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of varying the ammonia flow in the AlN spacer of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMTs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The strain state, the surface roughness and the growth rate of AlN were found to be dependent on the V/III ratio. In addition the ammonia flow in the interlayer has a strong impact on the structural properties of the subsequent InAlN barrier layer and on the electrical properties of the structure. A sheet resistance as low as 327 Ω/□ with a sheet carrier density of 1.5 x 10 13 cm -2 has been obtained at room temperature. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The effect of ammonia flow in the AlN spacer on the electrical properties of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gamarra, Piero; Lacam, Cedric; Magis, Michelle; Tordjman, Maurice; Di Forte Poisson, Marie-Antoinette [III-V Lab., Marcussis (France)

2012-01-15

During the past few years it has been reported that a thin AlN spacer of few nanometers needs to be inserted in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to obtain high 2DEG carrier mobility. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of varying the ammonia flow in the AlN spacer of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMTs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The strain state, the surface roughness and the growth rate of AlN were found to be dependent on the V/III ratio. In addition the ammonia flow in the interlayer has a strong impact on the structural properties of the subsequent InAlN barrier layer and on the electrical properties of the structure.istance as low as 327 {omega}/{open_square} with a sheet carrier density of 1.5 x 10{sup 13} cm{sup -2} has been obtained at room temperature. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Assessment of phase constitution on the Al-rich region of rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolf, W., E-mail: witorw@gmail.com [Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Bolfarini, C., E-mail: cbolfa@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Kiminami, C.S., E-mail: kiminami@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Botta, W.J., E-mail: wjbotta@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil)

2016-12-15

The formation of quasicrystalline approximants in rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated. Alloys of atomic composition Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8}, Al{sub 77}Co{sub 11}Fe{sub 6}Cr{sub 6} and Al{sub 76}Co{sub 19}Fe{sub 4}Cr{sub 1} were produced using melt spinning and arc melting methods and their microstructural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Up to the present there is no consensus in the literature regarding the formation of quasicrystalline phase or quasicrystalline approximants in the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy. This work presents, for the first time, a detailed structural characterization of selected alloys in the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system close to the atomic composition Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8}. The results indicated the samples to be composed, mostly, by two intermetallic phases, which are quaternary extensions of Al{sub 5}Co{sub 2} and Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} and are quasicrystalline approximants. Although the Al{sub 5}Co{sub 2} phase has already been reported in the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy, the presence of the monoclinic Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} is now identified for the first time in the as cast state. In the binary Al-Co system a quasicrystalline phase is known to form in a rapidly solidified alloy with composition close to the monoclinic and orthorhombic Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} phases. This binary quasicrystalline phase presents an average valence electron per atom (e/a) between 1.7 and 1.9; thus, in addition to the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy, the compositions Al{sub 77}Co{sub 11}Fe{sub 6}Cr{sub 6} and Al{sub 76}Co{sub 19}Fe{sub 4}Cr{sub 1} were chosen to be within the region of formation of the quaternary extension of the Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} phase and also within the (e/a) of 1.7 to 1.9. However, no quasicrystalline phase is present in any of the studied alloys. The Al-Co-Fe-Cr system

Corrosion analysis of AlMg2 and AlMgSi using electrochemical method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dian A; Maman Kartaman; Rosika K; Yanlinastuti

2014-01-01

Corrosion test of cladding materials and structures of research reactor fuel, AlMgSi and AlMg2 have been performed in demineralized water of pH 2 and 6.7 using an electrochemical method. Corrosion phenomenon is affected by several factor such as composition and condition of solution. The purpose of this activity is to investigate the corrosion phenomena through the determination of the parameters of corrosion and polarization curve. The materials used are AlMg2 and AlMgSi alloy in circular dish shape with an area of 1 Cm"2. Preparation of the test sample is performed through several stages polishing, cleaning and drying procedures followed ASTM G3. The electrochemical method is done by measuring the open circuit potential (OCP), polarization resistance and potentiodynamic in demineralized water of pH 2 and pH 6.7 at temperature of 25°C. The results of the OCP is the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of AlMg2 and AlMgSi each of -906.1 mV and -619.8 mV at pH 2 and -868.6 and -756.7 mV at pH 6.7 mV. The results of measurements by polarization resistance technique showed that the corrosion rate of AlMg2 and AlMgSi in safe category (<2 mpy) at pH 6.7 and at pH 2 corrosion rate increased significantly, but still in the lightweight category (<20 mpy). Potentiodynamic curves showed that the passivation at pH 6.7 is very low while the passivation at pH 2 occurs within a relatively short range potential and followed events corroded. (author)

Catalytic effect of Al and AlN interlayer on the growth and properties of containing carbon films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Bing; Liu, Zhubo; Tang, Bin; Rogachev, A.V.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • DLC and CN x bilayers with Al (AlN) interlayer were fabricated by cathode arc technique. • Complete diffusion of Al and C atoms occurs at the interface of Al/DLC (CN x ) bilayer. • Al/CN x bilayer presents a higher content of Csp 3 /Csp 2 bonds. • The hardness of Al/DLC bilayer decreases but increases for the other bilayers. • Morphology of the bilayers was explained by growth mechanism of DLC and surface state of substrate. - Abstract: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbon nitride (CN x ) bilayer films with Al and AlN interlayer were fabricated by pulse cathode arc technique. The structure, composition, morphology and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by Raman, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Knoop sclerometer and surface profilometer. The results indicated that the complete diffusion between C and Al atoms occurs in the Al/DLC and Al/CN x bilayer. Al interlayer induces the increase of the size and ordering of Csp 2 clusters in the films but AlN interlayer increases the disordering degree of Csp 2 clusters. XPS results showed that a higher content of Csp 3 /Csp 2 bonds presents in the Al/CN x bilayer, and Al and AlN interlayer decreases the atomic ratio of N/C. AFM with phase contrast mode illustrated the morphologic characteristics of the bilayer films. All the bilayers show a nano-structural surface. The morphology changes of the bilayer were well explained by the surface state of the substrate and the growth mechanism of DLC films. The hardness of Al/DLC bilayer decreases but it increases for the other bilayers compared to the corresponding DLC (CN x ) monolayer. The internal stress of the bilayer is significantly lower than that of the monolayer except for the AlN/CN x bilayer. These studies could make the difference at the time of choosing a suitable functional film for certain application

Characteristics in AlN/AlGaN/GaN Multilayer-Structured High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gui-Zhou, Hu; Ling, Yang; Li-Yuan, Yang; Si, Quan; Shou-Gao, Jiang; Ji-Gang, Ma; Xiao-Hua, Ma; Yue, Hao

2010-01-01

A new multilayer-structured AlN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is demonstrated. The AlN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT exhibits the maximum drain current density of 800 mA/mm and the maximum extrinsic transconductance of 170 mS/mm. Due to the increase of the distance between the gate and the two-dimensional electron-gas channel, the threshold voltage shifts slightly to the negative. The reduced drain current collapse and higher breakdown voltage are observed on this AlN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The current gain cut-off frequency and the maximum frequency of oscillation are 18.5 GHz and 29.0 GHz, respectively. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

60Co gamma radiation effect on AlGaN//AlN/GaN HEMT devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yanping; Luo Yinhong; Wang Wei; Zhang Keying; Guo Hongxia; Guo Xiaoqiang; Wang Yuanming

2013-01-01

The testing techniques and experimental methods of the 60 Co gamma irradiation effect on AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are established. The degradation of the electrical properties of the device under the actual radiation environment are analyzed theoretically, and studies of the total dose effects of gamma radiation on AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at three different radiation bias conditions are carried out. The degradation patterns of the main parameters of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at different doses are then investigated, and the device parameters that were sensitive to the gamma radiation induced damage and the total dose level induced device damage are obtained. (authors)

Cu-segregation at the Q'/α-Al interface in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuda, Kenji; Teguri, Daisuke; Uetani, Yasuhiro; Sato, Tatsuo; Ikeno, Susumu

2002-01-01

Cu segregation was detected at the Q ' /α-Al interface in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. By contrast, in a Cu-free Al-Mg-Si alloy no segregation was observed at the interface between the matrix and Type-C precipitate

Effect of Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce Master Alloy on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Commercial Pure Al and Hypoeutectic Al-8Si Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wanwu Ding

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy was synthesized by a method of thermal explosion reaction in pure molten aluminum and used to modify commercial pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy. The microstructure and tensile properties of commercial pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy with different additions of Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy were investigated. The results show that the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce alloy was composed of α-Al, granular TiC, lump-like TiAl3 and block-like Ti2Al20Ce. Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 5 min can significantly refine macro grains of commercial pure Al into tiny equiaxed grains. The Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 30 min still has a good refinement effect. The tensile strength and elongation of commercial pure Al modified by the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 5 min increased by roughly 19.26% and 61.83%, respectively. Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (1.5 wt %, 10 min can significantly refine both α-Al grains and eutectic Si of hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy. The dendritic α-Al grains were significantly refined to tiny equiaxed grains. The morphology of the eutectic Si crystals was significantly refined from coarse needle-shape or lath-shape to short rod-like or grain-like eutectic Si. The tensile strength and elongation of hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy modified by the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (1.5 wt %, 10 min increased by roughly 20.53% and 50%, respectively. The change in mechanical properties corresponds to evolution of the microstructure.

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti2AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150◦C. The composite mainly consisted ... Metal–matrix composites; mechanical properties; microstructures; sintering. 1. Introduction γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys have been extensively.

Stagnation of the exploitation of Al ores and the depression of world prices of Al

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Slavkovský Jozef

1999-03-01

Full Text Available In the contribution, data on Al – a metal of the 20th century are compiled together with the problems of genesis of the Al mineral raw ma-terials as well as types of bauxite and Al-laterite deposits. Furthermore, an overview of the world exploitation of bauxite during 1935-1980 is given along with the prognoses to 2000 and present situation (1992-1996. Overviews of the production of Al follows, providing its rela-tion to the bauxite exploitation. Contrary to the prognoses, a stabilization or stagnation has been observed in the exploitation of bauxite and production of Al during nineties, which a tendency is directly reflected in the world price of this commodity. When analyzing the Al prices for a longer period, some serious deviations can be noticed, that however presently represent a long-term minimum. We hope the stagnation of the production and the price decline are only temporary and new possibilities of the utilization of Al will be found soon.

A study on preparation and hydriding of β-Mg2Al3 and γ-Mg17Al12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hadi Suwarno

2009-01-01

The mechanism of the synthetic formation of β-Mg 2 Al 3 and γ-Mg 17 Al 12 has been studied. Mechanical alloying of Mg and Al powders with the atomic ratio of Mg:Al = 2:3 in toluene solution yields β-Mg 2 Al 3 compound after milling for 30 h. The γ-Mg 17 Al 12 can be formed by heating the β-Mg 2 Al 3 at 430°C under high vacuum. The measured hydrogen capacities of β-Mg 2 Al 3 and γ-Mg 17 Al 12 as hydride at 300°C are 3.2 and 4.9 wt%, respectively. Microstructure of the Mg-Al specimen shows that on hydriding at 300°C the polygonal shape of the γ-Mg 17 Al 12 changes into irregular shapes which are composed of γ-MgH 2 and Al. (author)

Marinbiologisk optegnelse i NUḪBAT AL-DAHR FĪ ʿAǦ ʾIB AL-BARR WA-AL-BAḤR

OpenAIRE

Provencal, Philippe

2014-01-01

I det arabiske geografiske værk NUḪBAT AL-DAHR FĪ ʿAǦ ʾIB AL-BARR WA-AL-BAḤR (færdigskrevet mellem 1324 og 1327) fra omtales seks dyr fra Adenbugten. Det dreje sig om savrokke, kuglefisk, pilrokke, pindsvinefisk og hvalhaj. Det sidste dyr har ikke kunnet bestemmes. Artiklen bringer en oversættelse af optegnelsen til engelsk samt både en filologisk som en biologisk kommentar. The aim of this article is to present a medieval Arabic report regarding sixanimals from the Gulf of Aden, to provid...

La parálisis cerebral en el contexto escolar /

OpenAIRE

González Vara, Azucena

2012-01-01

Se analiza el concepto de parálisis cerebral, los diferentes tipos y sus características. También las adaptaciones que se deben realizar a nivel de centro, de aula, y a nivel individual para estos alumnos, conocer los diferentes sistemas alternativos y aumentativos de comunicación y aplicar las ayudas técnicas que precisa este alumnado

MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING IN URBAN (Case Study: Al Markas Al Islamic Mosque Makassar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imriyanti Imriyanti

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Mosque Architecture is a part of Islamic architecture. Mosque should be fused with elements of nature because its function as a place to pray to God who created the universe. Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar mosque is used as a center of Islamic aspirations of the people and the government to accommodate all the activities of moslems in Makassar. Through this function, the provision of Al Markas Al Islamic mosque began from the desire of Islamic societies in Makassar, which wants the Islamic center to be equipped with facilities and infrastructure as well as architectural, monumental buildings and structures that can be last for hundreds of years (continuous, blend with the environment, and also can be used by the public. Having regard to the function of a mosque especially at the Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar mosque, then the problem that arise is how the Al Markas Al Islamic mosque can be survived/sustainable  in order  to function  as a place  of worship  and  as a center  of Islam.  This research  is a descriptive qualitative research that is trying to generate data in the form of systematic and accurate picture of the object of study. The sustaiprophetlity  of Al Markas AL Islamic mosque can be known through the concept of Islam  in accordance with the view of Islam as well as the sustaiprophetlity of the buildings that seen in the spatial pattern of the mosque, appearance, natural lighting, natural ventilation, and user behavior of the mosque. Keywords: mosque architecture, sustaiprophetlity, view of Islam     Abstrak Arsitektur masjid merupakan bagian dari arsitektur Islam. Bangunan masjid sebaiknya dapat menyatu dengan unsur alam karena masjid difungsikan sebagai wadah dalam bersujud/sembahyang  kepada Allah SWT yang menciptakan alam semesta ini. Masjid Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar merupakan kompleks kegiatan Islam yang digunakan sebagai pusat aspirasi masyarakat  dan pemerintahan  yang dapat menampung �

Adhesive and tribocorrosive behavior of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayers sputtered coatings over CoCrMo

Science.gov (United States)

Canto, C. E.; Andrade, E.; Rocha, M. F.; Alemón, B.; Flores, M.

2017-09-01

The tribocorrosion resistance and adherence of multilayer coatings of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl synthesized by PVD reactive magnetron sputtering over a CoCrMo alloy substrate in 10 periods of 30 min each were analyzed and compared to those of the substrate alone and to that of a TiAlPtN single layer coating of the same thickness. The objective of the present work was to create multilayers with different amounts of Pt in order to enhance the tribocorrosion resistance of a biomedical alloy of CoCrMo. Tribocorrosion tests were performed using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at typical body temperature with a tribometer in a pin on disk test. The elemental composition and thickness of the coating which behave better at the tribocorrosion tests were evaluated by means of RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) IBA (Ion Beam Analysis) technique, using an alpha particles beam of 1.8 MeV, before and after the reciprocating motion in the tribocorrosion test. In order to simulate the elemental profile of the samples, the SIMNRA simulation computer code was used. Measurements of the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate were carried on by means of a scratch test using a tribometer. By taking micrographs of the produced tracks, the critical loads at which the coatings are fully separated from the substrate were determined. From these tests it was observed that a coating with 10 min of TiAlPtN in a TiAlPtN/TiAl period of 30 min in multilayers of 10 periods and with an average thickness of 145 nm for the TiAlPtN nanolayers had the best tribocorrosion resistance behavior, compared to that of the CoCrMo alloy. The RBS experiments showed a reduction of the thickness of the films along with some loss of the multilayer structure after the reciprocating motion. The adhesion tests indicated that the multilayer with the average TiAlPtN thickness of 145 nm displayed the highest critical load. These results indicate a high correlation between the adherence and the tribocorrosion behavior.

Microstructure of Reaction Zone Formed During Diffusion Bonding of TiAl with Ni/Al Multilayer

Science.gov (United States)

Simões, Sónia; Viana, Filomena; Koçak, Mustafa; Ramos, A. Sofia; Vieira, M. Teresa; Vieira, Manuel F.

2012-05-01

In this article, the characterization of the interfacial structure of diffusion bonding a TiAl alloy is presented. The joining surfaces were modified by Ni/Al reactive multilayer deposition as an alternative approach to conventional diffusion bonding. TiAl substrates were coated with alternated Ni and Al nanolayers. The nanolayers were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering with 14 nm of period (bilayer thickness). Joining experiments were performed at 900 °C for 30 and 60 min with a pressure of 5 MPa. Cross sections of the joints were prepared for characterization of their interfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Several intermetallic compounds form at the interface, assuring the bonding of the TiAl. The interface can be divided into three distinct zones: zone 1 exhibits elongated nanograins, very small equiaxed grains are observed in zone 2, while zone 3 has larger equiaxed grains. EBSD analysis reveals that zone 1 corresponds to the intermetallic Al2NiTi and AlNiTi, and zones 2 and 3 to NiAl.

Al-quran dalam Perspektif Budaya

OpenAIRE

Sudrajat, Ajat

2009-01-01

Al-Quran merupakan kitab suci terakhir yang diturunkan kepada manusia. Tujuan utama diturunkannya al-Quran adalah sebagai kitab petunjuk yang meliputi bidang akidah, syariah, dan akhlak. Akan tetapi di luar ketiga petunjuk tersebut, al-Quran telah memberikan motivasi dan inspirasi kepada umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan sehingga melahirkan jenis budaya tertentu. Dialog intelektual yang dilakukan secara kreatif oleh umat Islam terhadap al-Quran ternyata telah menghasilkan lahirnya ge...

ITIJAHAT KAUN AL-NABI WA AL-RASUL FI SYAKHSIYAH MUHAMMAD FI NATSR MAULID AL-BARZANJI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Himmah Istomah

2017-08-01

Full Text Available One of human personalities is humanist. Based on the understanding of Maslow’s theory of motivation, researcher seeks to uncover kinds of motivational needs of Muhammad Saw contained in Maulid Al-Barzanjiy (the work of Ja 'far bin Hasan al-Barzanji (d. 1763 M. The goal is realized through a descriptive qualitative approach with  text analysis  about Psycholiterature of Endraswara. The results of this study indicate that in Maulid Al-Barzanji there are Muhammad Saw’s five needs and how their satisfying perfectly,  namely: physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. Thus, it can be interpreted that Muhammad SAW as an ordinary human having motivational needs. His prophetic and apostleship honor is not a direct blessing from Allah, but he had been through some complicated processes in life. This can be applied by his followers, so they can complete their motivational needs to reach the satiation as a caliph and to be useful person in this world.

Microstructure and bonding mechanism of Al/Ti bonded joint using Al-10Si-1Mg filler metal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohn, Woong H.; Bong, Ha H.; Hong, Soon H.

2003-01-01

The microstructures and liquid state diffusion bonding mechanism of cp-Ti to 1050 Al using an Al-10.0wt.%Si-1.0wt.%Mg filler metal with 100 μm in thickness have been investigated at 620 deg. C under 1x10 -4 Torr. The effects of bonding process parameters on microstructure of bonded joint have been analyzed by using an optical microscope, AES, scanning electron microscopy and EDS. The interfacial bond strength of Al/Ti bonded joints was measured by the single lap shear test. The results show that the bonding at the interface between Al and filler metal proceeds by wetting the Al with molten filler metal, and followed by removal of oxide layer on surface of Al. The interface between Al and filler metal moved during the isothermal solidification of filler metal by the diffusion of Si from filler metal into Al layer. The interface between Al and filler metal became curved in shape with increasing bonding time due to capillary force at grain boundaries. The bonding at the interface between Ti and filler metal proceeds by the formation of two different intermetallic compound layers, identified as Al 5 Si 12 Ti 7 and Al 12 Si 3 Ti 5 , followed by the growth of the intermetallic compound layers. The interfacial bond strength at Al/Ti joint increased with increasing bonding time up to 25 min at 620 deg. C. However, the interfacial bond strength of Al/Ti joint decreased after bonding time of 25 min at 620 deg. C due to formation of cavities in Al near Al/intermetallic interfaces

Micromechanisms of fracture and fatigue in Ti3Al based and TiAl based intermetallics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

James, A.W.; Chave, R.A.; Hippsley, C.A.; Bowen, P.

1993-01-01

Micromechanisms of fracture and fatigue crack growth resistance in specific Ti 3 Al based and TiAl based intermetallics are reviewed. Effects of test temperature, environment and microstructure on crack growth resistance are considered in detail for several Ti 3 Al and Ti'Al based intermetallic systems under development. The implications of these studies for the structural reliability of these materials is also addressed briefly. (orig.)

Core electron binding energy shifts of AlBr3 and Al2Br6 vapor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, Astrid M.; Plenge, Juergen; Leone, Stephen R.; Canton, Sophie E.; Rude, Bruce S.; Bozek, John D.

2006-01-01

The Al 2p and Br 3d inner-shell photoelectron spectra of aluminum tribromide monomer and dimer vapor were measured at 90 and 95 eV photon energy, respectively, to determine the core electron binding energies of the atoms in the two molecular species. While AlBr 3 has three identical Br atoms, Al 2 Br 6 exhibits four terminal and two bridging Br atoms. The species are identified by their distinct valence photoelectron spectra. Comparison of the observed Al 2p 1/2 and Al 2p 3/2 electron binding energies of AlBr 3 with those of Al 2 Br 6 shows that there is a chemical shift of (0.15 ± 0.03) eV to lower energy in the dimer. In Al 2 Br 6 , an assignment is proposed in which the Br 3d 3/2 and Br 3d 5/2 binding energies of terminal Br atoms are (1.18 ± 0.03) eV lower than those of bridging Br atoms. This assignment assumes that both types of Br atoms have similar cross-sections for ionization. With this result, the Br 3d 3/2 and Br 3d 5/2 binding energies of Br atoms in AlBr 3 are (0.81 ± 0.03) eV lower than those of bridging Br atoms of the dimer but (0.37 ± 0.03) eV higher than those of terminal Br atoms of the dimer. The obtained chemical shifts are considered in terms of the binding relations and electron density distributions in both molecules. Chemical shifts that are larger than a few hundred millielectron volts, as observed in the Al 2 Br 6 /AlBr 3 system, offer potential to study the dissociation dynamics of the dimer in a femtosecond visible or ultraviolet-pump/XUV-probe experiment

PENDEKATAN HERMENEUTIK DALAM PEMAHAMAN HADIS (Kajian Kitab Fath al-Bari Karya Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani

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Agusni Yahya

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The hadith explanation book of Sahih al-Bukhari written by Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, is one of the most pupular books in Moslem ummah. Is widely used by Moslem scholars to meet the meanings of hadiths compiled by the imam al-Bukhari in his Sahih al-Bukhari. Fath al-Bari is considered significant to do the research on it in order to develop the science of hadith, mainly through the hermeneutic method. By using this method, the research questions are: 1. How does Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani explain the matans (hadith texts of Sahih al Bukhari in connection with hermeneutic method? 2. What are the hermeneutic principles used by Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani in his explanations of hadith? This research is expected to respond the research questions above so that it can be implimented the field of hadith in relation to develop hadith methodology. Finally, the research uncover that in his explanations of hadiths,  Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani is oriented his world views to the classical Islam, the era of Prophet’s companions and their successors, the Salaf al-Salih. He does not express the Islamic world issues available in his time in his explanations of the hadiths. He is considered a normative ‘ulama since he is not influenced by the emerging cases situated his time in Egypt, Mecca and Madina. He tends to be textual to explain the matans of hadiths although to some extent he uncovers the historical contexts of the hadiths he explains. This is common for a muhadith  whose main jobs is to collect and narrate the whole data on Prophet's sayings, acts and permissions either on sanads (narrators or matans (texts.Keywords:  Fath al-Bari; sharh al-hadith; hermeneutik.

Muy cerca pero a la distancia: Transiciones familiares en una comunidad poblana de migrantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celia Mancillas Bazán

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo mostramos y analizamos algunos de los cambios y continuidades de las familias en una comunidad poblana de origen indígena con elevados índices de migración internacional, principalmente hacia Nueva York. Mediante observación participante, entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas escolares, obtuvimos datos que permiten considerar diversos patrones culturales que parecen fortalecer un sistema familiar que se extiende a ambos lados de la frontera, con las particularidades de sus actores. El interés focal en este estudio es saber cómo se presentan algunos de los procesos que hemos denominado transicionales en la conformación y organización de los grupos domésticos cuyos miembros migran hacia Estados Unidos. Así, al analizar las adaptaciones de los pobladores de esta comunidad poblana buscamos explicar cómo es que continúan fortaleciendo vínculos significativos con poblanos en Nueva York y cómo han logrado hacerlo en entornos diferentes, en lenguaje, leyes y costumbres, por mencionar sólo algunos aspectos.

Creencias del profesorado en ejercicio y en formación sobre el aprendizaje por investigación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana M. Abril

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las creencias epistemologicas y didacticas del profesorado determinan en gran medida su forma de proceder en el aula, la cual a su vez se puede ver matizada por la formacion que hayan recibido. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de las creencias que tanto el profesorado en ejercicio, como en formacion inicial, tiene sobre la metodologia de aprendizaje por investigacion guiada, conocida en el ambito internacional como IBL (Inquiry Based Learning, la cual ha demostrado ampliamente sus beneficios sobre el aprendizaje de las ciencias. En esta linea se analizan las creencias del profesorado sobre que es IBL, de que forma ha de implementarse en el aula y las necesidades formativas del profesorado al respecto. Para ello se utilizan adaptaciones de cuestionarios provenientes del proyecto europeo PRIMAS. El estudio revela diferencias significativas entre las creencias del profesorado en formacion inicial y el profesorado en ejercicio, aportando algunos aspectos para promover y apoyar de forma mas eficaz la implementacion de metodologias innovadoras para la ensenanza de las ciencias.

Inclusión educativa: ¿quimera o realidad?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amor del Rosario Lalama Franco

2018-02-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por finalidad hacer un análisis sobre la realidad de la inclusión educativa en nuestro país, proceso que durante alrededor de diez años se ha venido instaurando como política de estado en Ecuador. En el mismo se informan los nuevos retos que el maestro ha tenido que enfrentar hasta la actualidad al asumir las herramientas didácticas metodológicas para trabajar con la inclusión de niños con necesidades educativas especiales, esto cuestión que con anterioridad había quedado en muchos casos en letra muerta. Sin embargo estas herramientas permiten la emergente capacitación del docente para que pueda brindar apoyo psicopedagógico efectivo y hacer de las adaptaciones curriculares más que un eslabón perdido, un puente que abra caminos de oportunidades haciendo de la inclusión educativa más que una quimera, una naciente realidad

Thermophysical properties of αAl2O3, MgAl2O4 and AlN at low tempertures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burghartz, S.

1995-12-01

A possibility for producing energy in future might be the nuclear fusion. The process of nuclear fusion is characterized by melting nuclei of hydrogen atoms (deuterium and tritium) which yield to the production of helium atom nuclei. For this process extremely high temperatures of the deuterium-tritium-gas plasma are necessary. The additional heating of the plasma by microwaves requires materials with low diaelectric losses and high thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity can be increased by cooling the windows which lead to the plasma chambre. Experimental investigations with the aim to check the influence of liquid nitrogen (T=70 K) on the cooling of the windows were performed in the temperature region 70 K 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and AlN were measured. The thermal conductivity can be calculated using the equation λ=αc p ρ λ=thermal conductivity α=thermal diffusivity c p =specific heat (at constant pressure) ρ=density. Furthermore a theoretical method to calculate the thermal conductivity at low temperatures is presented; this is done by using a model modification of heat transport in electric insulators. As result the influence of intrinsic parameters (crystal structure, interatomar binding, anharmonicity) and extrinsic parameters (point defects, dislocations, boundary areas) upon thermal conductivity of α-Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and AlN are achieved. (orig.)

Grain refinement of Al wrought alloys with newly developed AlTiC master alloys; Kornfeinung von Al-Knetlegierungen mit neu entwickelten AlTiC-Vorlegierungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schneider, W. [Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, Bonn (Germany). Forschung und Entwicklung

2000-10-01

AlTiC master alloys are a new grain refiner type to produce an equiaxed grain structure of cast extrusion and rolling ingots. These master alloys contain Ti carbides which act as nucleants of the {alpha} solid solution during solidification. The TiC content is lower than the TiB{sub 2} content of the industrial proved AlTiB master alloys. Benefits of the AlTiC master alloys are the low agglomeration tendency of the Ti carbides in the melt and that no Zr poisoning takes place. Despite of the low Ti carbide content the grain refinement performance can be very efficient, if low melt temperatures during casting will be used and as result of this a sufficient constitutional supercooling at the solidification front is achieved. (orig.)

Advanced life support (ALS) instructors experience of ALS education in Western Australia: a qualitative exploratory research study.

Science.gov (United States)

Taplin, John; McConigley, Ruth

2015-04-01

When cardiac arrest occurs, timely competent advanced life support (ALS) interventions by nursing staff can influence patient outcomes. Ongoing ALS education influences maintenance of competency and avoids skill decay. To explore the methods of ALS education delivery for nurses in the workplace; describe the issues relating to maintaining ALS competency; explore ALS competency decay for nurses and develop recommendations for the provision of continuing ALS education. A qualitative exploratory design was used to study ALS education provision in the workplace. Data were collected from ALS nurse experts in Western Australia by face-to-face and phone interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and organised around a set of predetermined questions. Two major themes were identified; the first theme Demand and Supply describes the increasing demand for ALS education for nurses and the challenges with providing timely cost effective traditional face-to-face ALS education. The second theme, Choosing The Best Education Options describes new ways to provide ALS education using emerging technologies. The study suggested that using e-learning methods would assist with educating the maximum amount of nurses in a timely manner and e-learning and teleconferencing offer opportunities to reach nurses in distant locations. Delivering ALS education more frequently than annually would increase skills maintenance and lessen skill decay. Further research is required to explore which blended e-learning model is best suited to ALS education. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Al-Qaeda-Syria (AQS): An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict CT Counterterrorism FF Foreign Fighter FSA Free Syrian Army GEC Global Engagement Center HTS Hay’at...war as an opportunity for the global jihadist movement, an opportunity that paralleled the one Iraq had offered a decade earlier.11 He was initially...Zawahiri’s vision of Al-Qaeda franchises oriented toward winning popular support. When al-Zawahiri published his “General Guidelines for Jihad” in

Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu-Al and methyl orange intercalated Cu-Al layered double hydroxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qu, Jun; He, Xiaoman; Chen, Min; Hu, Huimin; Zhang, Qiwu; Liu, Xinzhong

2017-01-01

In this study, a mechanochemical route to synthesize a Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a methyl orange (MO) intercalated one (MO-LDH) was introduced, in which basic cupric carbonate (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)_3) with Cu/Al molar ratio at 2/1 was first dry ground for 2 h and then agitated in water or methyl orange solution for another 4 h to obtain the LDH and MO-LDH products without any heating operation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products showed high crystallinity phase of Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH with no evident impurities, proving that the craft introduced here was facile and effective. The new idea can be applied in other fields to produce organic-inorganic composites. - Highlights: • A facile mechanochemical route to synthesize Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH. • The products possesses high crystalline of LDH phase with no impure phases. • The dry milling process induces the element substitution between the raw materials. • The agitation operation helps the grain growth of LDH.

Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu-Al and methyl orange intercalated Cu-Al layered double hydroxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qu, Jun, E-mail: forsjun@whut.edu.cn [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); He, Xiaoman; Chen, Min; Hu, Huimin [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Zhang, Qiwu, E-mail: zhangqw@whut.edu.cn [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Liu, Xinzhong [College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118 China (China)

2017-04-15

In this study, a mechanochemical route to synthesize a Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a methyl orange (MO) intercalated one (MO-LDH) was introduced, in which basic cupric carbonate (Cu{sub 2}(OH){sub 2}CO{sub 3}) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH){sub 3}) with Cu/Al molar ratio at 2/1 was first dry ground for 2 h and then agitated in water or methyl orange solution for another 4 h to obtain the LDH and MO-LDH products without any heating operation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products showed high crystallinity phase of Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH with no evident impurities, proving that the craft introduced here was facile and effective. The new idea can be applied in other fields to produce organic-inorganic composites. - Highlights: • A facile mechanochemical route to synthesize Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH. • The products possesses high crystalline of LDH phase with no impure phases. • The dry milling process induces the element substitution between the raw materials. • The agitation operation helps the grain growth of LDH.

Superstructure formation in PrNi_2Al_3 and ErPd_2Al_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eustermann, Fabian; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter; Janka, Oliver; Oldenburg Univ.

2017-01-01

The intermetallic phase ErPd_2Al_3 was obtained by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing for crystal growth. The sample was studied by X-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals. The structure of ErPd_2Al_3 was refined from X-ray diffraction data and revealed a superstructure of PrNi_2Al_3 - a CaCu_5 derivative (P6/m, a=1414.3(1), c=418.87(3) pm wR=0.0820, 1060 F"2 values, 48 variables). The same superstructure was subsequently found for PrNi_2Al_3 (P6/m, a=1407.87(4), c=406.19(2) pm, wR=0.0499, 904 F"2 values, 47 variables). In the crystal structure, the aluminium and transition metal atoms form a polyanionic network according to [T_2Al_3]"δ"-, while rare earth atoms fill cavities within the networks. They are coordinated by six transition metal and twelve aluminum atoms. In contrast to the PrNi_2Al_3 type structure reported so far, two crystallographic independent rare-earth sites are found of which one (1b) is shifted by 1/2 z, causing a distortion in the structure along with a recoloring of the T and Al atoms in the network.

Derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento: derechos estrechamente vinculados al derecho a la vida

OpenAIRE

Fernández Aller, Maria Celia; Luis Romero, Elena de; Guzmán Acha, Cristina

2013-01-01

Los derechos humanos al agua y al saneamiento están íntimamente relacionados con otros derechos esenciales para la vida, como la alimentación o la salud. Su reconocimiento como derechos humanos en 2010 marca un hito importante en el respeto, protección y realización de estos derechos, que se encuentran seriamente vulnerados para una mayoría de población más vulnerable y empobrecida, sobre todo en el ámbito rural. Mucho camino queda aún para conseguir no sólo la disponibilidad de agua y saneam...

Deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Xinghang [Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)

2016-11-10

The objective of this project is to investigate the role of different types of layer interfaces on the formation of high density stacking fault (SF) in Al in Al/fcc multilayers, and understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms of the films. Stacking faults or twins can be intentionally introduced (via growth) into certain fcc metals with low stacking fault energy (such as Cu, Ag and 330 stainless steels) to achieve high strength, high ductility, superior thermal stability and good electrical conductivity. However it is still a major challenge to synthesize these types of defects into metals with high stacking fault energy, such as Al. Although deformation twins have been observed in some nanocrystalline Al powders by low temperature, high strain rate cryomilling or in Al at the edge of crack tip or indentation (with the assistance of high stress intensity factor), these deformation techniques typically introduce twins sporadically and the control of deformation twin density in Al is still not feasible. This project is designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Certain type of layer interfaces may assist the formation of SF in Al, (2) Al with high density SF may have deformation mechanisms drastically different from those of coarse-grained Al and nanotwinned Cu. To test these hypotheses, we have performed the following tasks: (i) Investigate the influence of layer interfaces, stresses and deposition parameters on the formation and density of SF in Al. (ii) Understand the role of SF on the deformation behavior of Al. In situ nanoindentation experiments will be performed to probe deformation mechanisms in Al. The major findings related to the formation mechanism of twins and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metals include the followings: 1) Our studies show that nanotwins can be introduced into metals with high stacking fault energy, in drastic contrast to the general anticipation. 2) We show two strategies that can effectively introduce growth twins in

Deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Xinghang

2016-01-01

The objective of this project is to investigate the role of different types of layer interfaces on the formation of high density stacking fault (SF) in Al in Al/fcc multilayers, and understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms of the films. Stacking faults or twins can be intentionally introduced (via growth) into certain fcc metals with low stacking fault energy (such as Cu, Ag and 330 stainless steels) to achieve high strength, high ductility, superior thermal stability and good electrical conductivity. However it is still a major challenge to synthesize these types of defects into metals with high stacking fault energy, such as Al. Although deformation twins have been observed in some nanocrystalline Al powders by low temperature, high strain rate cryomilling or in Al at the edge of crack tip or indentation (with the assistance of high stress intensity factor), these deformation techniques typically introduce twins sporadically and the control of deformation twin density in Al is still not feasible. This project is designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Certain type of layer interfaces may assist the formation of SF in Al, (2) Al with high density SF may have deformation mechanisms drastically different from those of coarse-grained Al and nanotwinned Cu. To test these hypotheses, we have performed the following tasks: (i) Investigate the influence of layer interfaces, stresses and deposition parameters on the formation and density of SF in Al. (ii) Understand the role of SF on the deformation behavior of Al. In situ nanoindentation experiments will be performed to probe deformation mechanisms in Al. The major findings related to the formation mechanism of twins and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metals include the followings: 1) Our studies show that nanotwins can be introduced into metals with high stacking fault energy, in drastic contrast to the general anticipation. 2) We show two strategies that can effectively introduce growth twins in

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al-18Si Alloy Modified with Al-3B.

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Chunjie; Tu, Hao; Wu, Changjun; Wang, Jianhua; Su, Xuping

2018-03-20

An hypereutectic Al-18Si alloy was modified via an Al-3B master alloy. The effect of the added Al-3B and the modification temperature on the microstructure, tensile fracture morphologies, and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated using an optical microscope, Image-Pro Plus 6.0, a scanning electron microscope, and a universal testing machine. The results show that the size of the primary Si and its fraction decreased at first, and then increased as an additional amount of Al-3B was added. When the added Al-3B reached 0.2 wt %, the fraction of the primary Si in the Al-18Si alloy decreased with an increase in temperature. Compared with the unmodified Al-18Si alloy, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy modified at 850 °C with 0.2 wt % Al-3B increased by 25% and 81%, respectively. The tensile fracture of the modified Al-18Si alloy exhibited partial ductile fracture characteristics, but there were more areas with ductile characteristics compared with that of the unmodified Al-18Si alloy.

26Mg(p,n)26Al and 23Na(α,n)26Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skelton, R.T.

1985-01-01

Cross sections for the 26 Mg(p,n) 26 Al reaction were measured from threshold at 4.988 MeV to 5.820 MeV. Cross sections for the 23 Na(α,n) 26 Al reaction were measured from threshold at 3.483 MeV to 4.597 MeV. In each case, separate measurements were to the ground state and to the first and second excited states of 26 Al. Cross sections for the inverse reactions were calculated and reaction rate factors relating to the destruction of 26 Al in a supernova environment were determined. Astrophysical implications relating to the observation of live and extinct 26 Al are discussed. Excitation functions for several additional exit channels for the 26 Mg + rho and 23 Na + α reactions are reported

effect of the parameters of AlN/GaN/AlGaN and AlN/GaN/InAlN heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on their electrical properties and the characteristics of transistors on their basis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsatsulnikov, A. F., E-mail: andrew@beam.ioffe.ru [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation); Lundin, V. W.; Zavarin, E. E.; Yagovkina, M. A.; Sakharov, A. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physical–Technical Institute (Russian Federation); Usov, S. O. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation); Zemlyakov, V. E.; Egorkin, V. I. [National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) (Russian Federation); Bulashevich, K. A.; Karpov, S. Yu. [“Soft-Impact” Ltd. (Russian Federation); Ustinov, V. M. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation)

2016-10-15

The effect of the layer thickness and composition in AlGaN/AlN/GaN and InAlN/AlN/GaN transistor heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on their electrical and the static parameters of test transistors fabricated from such heterostructures are experimentally and theoretically studied. It is shown that the use of an InAlN barrier layer instead of AlGaN results in a more than twofold increase in the carrier concentration in the channel, which leads to a corresponding increase in the saturation current. In situ dielectric-coating deposition on the InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructure surface during growth process allows an increase in the maximum saturation current and breakdown voltages while retaining high transconductance.

Fabrication and thermal characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tavoosi, Majid, E-mail: ma.tavoosi@gmail.com

2017-01-15

In this study, the fabrication and structural characterization of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti phase has been performed. In this regards, milling and annealing processes were applied on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} (at. %) powder mixture for different periods of time. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). According to the results, supersaturated solid solution, nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti (with average crystallite size of about 7 nm) and amorphous phases indicated three different microstructures which can be formed in Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} system during milling process. The formed supersaturated solid solution and amorphous phases were unstable and transformed to Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound during annealing process. It is shown that, Al{sub 9}FeNi phase in Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound can decompose into Al{sub 3}Ni, Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} and liquid phases during a reversible peritectic reaction at 809 °C. - Highlights: • We study the effect of milling process on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} alloy. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} supersaturated solid solution phase. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} amorphous phase. • We study the thermal behaviour of Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound.

Computer aided cooling curve analysis for Al-5Si and Al-11Si alloys ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effect of grain refiner, modifier, and combination of grain refiner cum modifier was studied on Al-5Si and Al-11Si alloys using computer aided cooling curve analysis. For combined grain refinement and modification effect, Al-Ti-B-Sr single master alloy was developed that acted as both grain refiner and modifier.

AL-USRCRN Station Information

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Documentation of United States Alabama Regional Climate Reference Network (AL-USRCRN) installations in 2006. Installations documented are for AL-USRCRN pilot project...

Gd3+-ESR and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu4Al8 and GdMn4Al8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coldea, R.; Coldea, M.; Pop, I.

1994-01-01

Gd ESR of GdCu 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu 4 Al 8 , GdMn 4 Al 8 , and YMn 4 Al 8 were measured in the temperature range of 290K--460K and 90K--1050K, respectively. The occurrence of the Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 is strongly correlated with the critical value of d∼2.6 angstrom of the Mn-Mn distance below which the Mn moment is not stable. The experimental data for GdMn 4 Al 8 , compared with the data for the isostructural compounds GdCu 4 Al 8 and YMn 4 Al 8 , show that near the critical value of d, the existence of Mn moment depends not only on the value of d, but also on the local magnetic surroundings. It has been revealed that the magnetic character of Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 changes from an itinerant electron type to a local-moment type with increasing temperature

Effect of AlB2-Mg interaction on the mechanical properties of Al-based composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calderon, Hermes E.; Hidalgo, Ruth G.I.; Melgarejo, Z. Humberto; Suarez, O. Marcelo

2010-01-01

A series of Al-based composites with a matrix containing 2.5 wt.%Cu and 1 wt.%Mg, and reinforced with Al diborides was manufactured and characterized via microscopy and mechanical testing. The impact resistance of the composites revealed interaction between AlB 2 dispersoids and Mg originally present in the Al matrix. An unexpected increase in the absorbed impact energy of composites with diborides prompted complementary experiments leading to this finding. Hardness tests were correlated to those results and provided further evidence of the interaction between Mg and the dispersoids. Additional energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffraction tests supported with crystal modeling demonstrated that Mg effectively diffused into the AlB 2 crystal producing a doped structure with an Al 1-x Mg x B 2 formula where x lies between 0.08 and 0.15.

Potential skin involvement in ALS: revisiting Charcot's observation - a review of skin abnormalities in ALS.

Science.gov (United States)

Paré, Bastien; Gros-Louis, François

2017-07-26

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Interestingly, many skin changes have been reported in ALS patients, but never as yet fully explained. These observations could be due to the common embryonic origin of the skin and neural tissue known as the ectodermal germ layer. Following the first observation in ALS patients' skin by Dr Charcot in the 19th century, in the absence of bedsores unlike other bedridden patients, other morphological and molecular changes have been observed. Thus, the skin could be of interest in the study of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes skin changes reported in the literature over the years and discusses about a novel in vitro ALS tissue-engineered skin model, derived from patients, for the study of ALS.

Effects of O in a binary-phase TiAl-Ti3Al alloy: from site occupancy to interfacial energetics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei Ye; Xu Huibin; Zhou Hongbo; Zhang Ying; Lu Guanghong

2011-01-01

We have investigated site occupancy and interfacial energetics of a TiAl-Ti 3 Al binary-phase system with O using a first-principles method. Oxygen is shown to energetically occupy the Ti-rich octahedral interstitial site, because O prefers to bond with Ti rather than Al. The occupancy tendency of O in TiAl alloy from high to low is α 2 -Ti 3 Al to the γ-α 2 interface and γ-TiAl. We demonstrate that O can largely affect the mechanical properties of the TiAl-Ti 3 Al system. Oxygen at the TiAl-Ti 3 Al interface reduces both the cleavage energy and the interface energy, and thus weakens the interface strength but strongly stabilizes the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface with the O 2 molecule as a reference. Consequently, the mechanical property variation of TiAl alloy due to the presence of O not only depends on the number of TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfaces but also is related to the O concentration in the alloy.

A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jianing, E-mail: ljnljn1022@163.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Chen Chuanzhong [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Squartini, Tiziano [INFM-Department of Physics, Siena University, Siena 53100 (Italy); He Qingshan [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China)

2010-12-15

Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

Synthesis behavior of nanocrystalline Al-Al2O3 composite during low time mechanical milling process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alizadeh, Mostafa; Aliabadi, Morteza Mirzaei

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → In the low time milling the effect of Al 2 O 3 amount is investigated → Al 2 O 3 particles are distributed uniformly in the Al matrix → In the low time milling it is possible to produce nanostructured composite powder → Median size and bulk density measurements demonstrate reaching the steady state. - Abstract: In this work, four different volume fractions of Al 2 O 3 (10, 20, 30 and 40 vol.%) were mixed with the fine Al powder and the powder blends were milled for 5 h. Scanning electron microscopy analysis, particle size analysis and bulk density measurements were used to investigate the morphological changes and achieving the steady state conditions. The results showed that increasing the Al 2 O 3 content can provide the steady state particle size in 5 h milling process. It was found that increasing the volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 leads to increasing the uniformity of Al 2 O 3 . Standard deviations of microhardness measurements confirmed this result. The XRD pattern and XRF investigations depicted that increasing the Al 2 O 3 content causes an increase in the crystal defects, micro-strain and Fe contamination during 5 h milling process of nanocrystalline composite powders while the grain size is decreased. To investigate the effect of milling time, Al-30 vol.% Al 2 O 3 (which achieved steady state during 5 h milling process) was milled for 1-4 h. The results depicted that the milling time lower than 5 h, do not achieve to steady state conditions.

Study of the ternary alloy systems Al-Ni-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru with special regard to quasicrystalline phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemmerz, U.

1996-07-01

Two ternary alloy-systems, the Al-Ni-Fe system and the Al-Cu-Ru system were studied with special regard to quasicrystalline phases. Isothermal sections were established in both systems in the stoichiometric area of the quasicrystalline phase. In the Al-Ni-Fe system a new stable decagonal phase was found. Its stoichiometric range is very small around Al 71.6 Ni 23.0 Fe 5.4 . The temperature range in which it is stable lies between 847 and 930 C. The decagonal phase undergoes a eutectoid reaction to the three crystalline phases Al 3 Ni 2 , Al 3 Ni and Al 13 Fe 4 at 847 C. It melts peritectically at 930 C forming Al 13 Fe 4 , Al 3 Ni 2 and a liquid. The investigations in the Al-Cu-Ru system concentrated on the phase equilibria between the icosahedral phase and its neighbouring phases in a temperature range between 600 and 1000 C. The icosahedral phase was observed in the whole temperature range. The investigated stoichiometric area extends down to Al contents of 45%, which allows the fields of existence to be determined for the ternary phases α-AlCuRu, the icosahedral phase and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. Binary phases were determined down to the upper (high Al content) border of AlRu. No hitherto unknown phase was observed in the investigated area. Rietveld analyses were carried out on α-AlCuRu and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru showing some discrepancies from the α-AlMnSi structure taken as a base for α-AlCuRu and confirming the Al 7 Cu 2 Fe structure for Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. (orig.)