PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PANDUAN PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS BIOLOGI SMA/MA

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triana asih

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Science learning in senior high school was designed with the goal of achieving the competencies of graduates that includes aspects of attitudes, skills, and knowledge competency. Skill aspect refers to the Scientific Approach. Skills such as observing the process are observing, trying, processing, serving, and reasoning. All of these skills, leading to the aspects that exist within SPS. Learning needs analysis conducted by researchers at the SMA/ MA class XI IPA that is in the Purbolinggo district of East Lampung SPS shows a lack of provision in the learning process. Supposedly, learning based  on SPS is further enhanced, the researchers created a learning guide model based on SPS. The objectives of the reasearch: 1 produce a learning guide model based on SPS class XI, 2 improve outcomes (process and output (learning cutcomes biology learning class XI. Type of the research is Research and Development (R&D. The research was conducted in SMA N 1 Purbolinggo in class XI Science. Procedures R&D is adapted from Borg and Gall consisting of five steps: 1 literature review and the results of relevant research, 2 Design and carry out preliminary study, 3 the development/conceptualization models, 4 test the model through experimentation, 5 revision of the model. conclusion; 1 learning guide SPS models has been validated by the user and learning experts, instrument validation, model validation, and it is suitable.

An anatomic risk model to screen post endovascular aneurysm repair patients for aneurysm sac enlargement.

Science.gov (United States)

Png, Chien Yi M; Tadros, Rami O; Beckerman, William E; Han, Daniel K; Tardiff, Melissa L; Torres, Marielle R; Marin, Michael L; Faries, Peter L

2017-09-01

Follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans add considerable postimplantation costs to endovascular aneurysm repairs (EVARs) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). By building a risk model, we hope to identify patients at low risk for aneurysm sac enlargement to minimize unnecessary CTAs. 895 consecutive patients who underwent EVAR for AAA were reviewed, of which 556 met inclusion criteria. A Probit model was created for aneurysm sac enlargement, with preoperative aneurysm morphology, patient demographics, and operative details as variables. Our final model included 287 patients and had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 68.9%, and an accuracy of 70.4%. Ninety-nine (35%) of patients were assigned to the high-risk group, whereas 188 (65%) of patients were assigned to the low-risk group. Notably, regarding anatomic variables, our model reported that age, pulmonary comorbidities, aortic neck diameter, iliac artery length, and aneurysms were independent predictors of post-EVAR sac enlargement. With the exception of age, all statistically significant variables were qualitatively supported by prior literature. With regards to secondary outcomes, the high-risk group had significantly higher proportions of AAA-related deaths (5.1% versus 1.1%, P = 0.037) and Type 1 endoleaks (9.1% versus 3.2%, P = 0.033). Our model is a decent predictor of patients at low risk for post AAA EVAR aneurysm sac enlargement and associated complications. With additional validation and refinement, it could be applied to practices to cut down on the overall need for postimplantation CTA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Performance Analysis of Wavelength Multiplexed Sac Ocdma Codes in Beat Noise Mitigation in Sac Ocdma Systems

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Alhassan, A. M.; Badruddin, N.; Saad, N. M.; Aljunid, S. A.

2013-07-01

In this paper we investigate the use of wavelength multiplexed spectral amplitude coding (WM SAC) codes in beat noise mitigation in coherent source SAC OCDMA systems. A WM SAC code is a low weight SAC code, where the whole code structure is repeated diagonally (once or more) in the wavelength domain to achieve the same cardinality as a higher weight SAC code. Results show that for highly populated networks, the WM SAC codes provide better performance than SAC codes. However, for small number of active users the situation is reversed. Apart from their promising improvement in performance, these codes are more flexible and impose less complexity on the system design than their SAC counterparts.

Crystal plasticity finite element analysis of deformation behaviour in SAC305 solder joint

Science.gov (United States)

Darbandi, Payam

Due to the awareness of the potential health hazards associated with the toxicity of lead (Pb), actions have been taken to eliminate or reduce the use of Pb in consumer products. Among those, tin (Sn) solders have been used for the assembly of electronic systems. Anisotropy is of significant importance in all structural metals, but this characteristic is unusually strong in Sn, making Sn based solder joints one of the best examples of the influence of anisotropy. The effect of anisotropy arising from the crystal structure of tin and large grain microstructure on the microstructure and the evolution of constitutive responses of microscale SAC305 solder joints is investigated. Insights into the effects of key microstructural features and dominant plastic deformation mechanisms influencing the measured relative activity of slip systems in SAC305 are obtained from a combination of optical microscopy, orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), slip plane trace analysis and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling. Package level SAC305 specimens were subjected to shear deformation in sequential steps and characterized using optical microscopy and OIM to identify the activity of slip systems. X-ray micro Laue diffraction and high energy monochromatic X-ray beam were employed to characterize the joint scale tensile samples to provide necessary information to be able to compare and validate the CPFE model. A CPFE model was developed that can account for relative ease of activating slip systems in SAC305 solder based upon the statistical estimation based on correlation between the critical resolved shear stress and the probability of activating various slip systems. The results from simulations show that the CPFE model developed using the statistical analysis of activity of slip system not only can satisfy the requirements associated with kinematic of plastic deformation in crystal coordinate systems (activity of slip systems) and global coordinate system (shape changes

Experiment feedbacks in micromechanics modeling of thermomechanical behaviour of SMA polycrystals

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šittner, Petr; Novák, Václav

2004-01-01

Roč. 51, - (2004), s. 321-326 ISSN 1359-6462 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1048107; GA ČR GA202/04/2016 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : shape memory alloys (SMA) * martensitic phase transformation * micromechanical modeling * neutron diffraction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.112, year: 2004

Stress Relaxation Effects in TiNi SMA During Superelastic Deformation: Experiment and Constitutive Model

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Pieczyska, Elżbieta A.; Kowalewski, Zbigniew L.; Dunić, Vladimir Lj.

2017-12-01

This paper presents an investigation of thermomechanical effects related to the phenomena of stress relaxation occurring in TiNi SMA subjected to modified program of displacement-controlled tension. The deformation data were taken from testing machine, whereas the temperature changes accompanying the exothermic/endothermic martensite forward/reverse transformation were measured by infrared camera. At the advanced stages of the transformations, the strain was kept constant for a few minutes and the SMA load and temperature were recorded continuously. As a consequence, the stress and temperature changed significantly during the loading stops. A large stress drop, caused by the transformation, was observed during the relaxation stage in both courses of the SMA loading and unloading. Moreover, the non-uniform temperature distribution, reflecting macroscopically inhomogeneous transformation, lapsed while the strain was kept constant, yet restarted at the end of the relaxation stop and developed at the reloading stage. Along with the experimental results, the mechanical and thermal responses induced by the transformation were obtained by 3D coupled thermomechanical numerical analysis, realized in partitioned approach. Latent heat production was correlated with an amount of the martensitic volume fraction. The stress and temperature drops recorded during the experiment were satisfactorily reproduced by the model proposed for the SMA thermomechanical coupling.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVIS 5E TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DI SMA LAKSAMANA MARTADINATA

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Nazila Ramadhani

2012-06-01

sehingga thitung > ttabel. Ini berarti Ha diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan model pembelajaran konstruktivis 5E terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pokok Medan Magnet di kelas XII semester ganjil SMA Laksamana Martadinata T.P 2011/2012.

The rat subcutaneous air sac model. A new and simple method for in vivo screening of antiangiogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lichtenberg, J.; Abildgaard Hansen, C.; Skak-Nielsen, T.; Bay, C.; Thing Mortensen, J.; Binderup, L.

1997-01-01

An experimental rat model, the Subcutaneous Air Sac (SAS) model, was developed to provide an animal model in which neo-vascularisation can be easily assessed in situ and quantified using a radiolabelled plasma marker. The SAS model was designed to replace a previous model where neo-vascularisation was induced by chemical injury of rat or rabbit cornea or by implantation of tumour cells intracorneally, a methodology which is believed to cause severe pain to the animals. In the SAS model the air sac replaces the cornea as a transparent avascular substratum in which vascularisation can be observed. The air sac is induced by injection of air subcutaneously on the back of the animal. After 8 to 10 days a sufficient air sac has been established. The animal is anaesthesized and by a minor operation the cellulose sponge is implanted upon the air sac under the skin. The vaso-proliferative effect of the cellulose sponge caused formation of new vessels which are macroscopically visible 10 days after implantation. The ability of the in vivo SAS model to show an anti-angiogenic effect of a systemically applied test compound was investigated using the fumagilline analogue TNP-470 (o-chloro-acetylcarbomoyl-fumagillol) as a positive control at dose levels of 0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day given subcutaneously for 10 days. The neo-angio genesis was scored both in situ using a subjective point system and by measuring the 125 I-activity of the implant and the membrane after an intravenous injection of 125 I-labelled antibodies. The neo-angio genesis was reduced by approximately 45-50% in animals treated with 5 or 10 mg/kg/day of TNP-470 compared to animals treated with the vehicle. The animals treated with 10 mg/kg/day TNP-470 showed signs of toxicity. The SAS model is considered highly relevant for in vivo testing of potential anti-angiogenci drugs on humane grounds. The high reproducibility, the low cost and the technical simplicity of the method makes it attractive. (au)

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DAN KESADARAN METAKOGNITIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SMA DALAM MATERI POKOK ASAM BASA

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Wiwiek Tamsyani

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hasil belajar penyebaran dengan model pembelajaran penemuan dan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan rancangan quasi eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2 × 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 2 Takalar. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan random sampling teknik acak kelas yang terdiri atas 2 kelas. Kelas XI IPA 1 (34 peserta didik sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran penemuan dan kelas XI IPA 2 (33 peserta didik sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan yaitu, angket Inventori Kesadaran Meta kognitif dan tes hasil belajar. Penggunaan program SPSS versi 20.0 menunjukkan bahwa 5 soal essay valid dengan reliabilitas sebesar instrumen sebesar 0.699. Data penelitian dianalisis pada taraf signifikan α = 0.05 dengan uji anova dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1 Rata-rata nilai hasil belajar peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran penemuan, hasilnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing. (2 Rata-rata nilai hasil belajar peserta didik dengan kesadaran metakognitif tinggi, hasil belajar peserta didik lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata nilai hasil belajar dengan kesadaran metakognitif rendah. (3 Terjadi interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kesadaran metakognitif dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar SMA Negeri 2 Takalar. Jadi, ada pengaruh antara model pembelajaran dan kesadaran metakognitif terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik SMA Negeri 2 Takalar dalam materi pokok asam basa.

How do SMA-linked mutations of SMN1 lead to structural/functional deficiency of the SMA protein?

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Wei Li

Full Text Available Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease with dysfunctional α-motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. SMA is caused by loss (∼95% of SMA cases or mutation (∼5% of SMA cases of the survival motor neuron 1 gene SMN1. As the product of SMN1, SMN is a component of the SMN complex, and is also involved in the biosynthesis of the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs, which play critical roles in pre-mRNA splicing in the pathogenesis of SMA. To investigate how SMA-linked mutations of SMN1 lead to structural/functional deficiency of SMN, a set of computational analysis of SMN-related structures were conducted and are described in this article. Of extraordinary interest, the structural analysis highlights three SMN residues (Asp44, Glu134 and Gln136 with SMA-linked missense mutations, which cause disruptions of electrostatic interactions for Asp44, Glu134 and Gln136, and result in three functionally deficient SMA-linked SMN mutants, Asp44Val, Glu134Lys and Gln136Glu. From the computational analysis, it is also possible that SMN's Lys45 and Asp36 act as two electrostatic clips at the SMN-Gemin2 complex structure interface.

MODEL PERMAINAN AKTIVITAS LUAR KELAS UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN RANAH KOGNITIF, AFEKTIF, DAN PSIKOMOTORIK SISWA SMA

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Hendra Setyawan

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan model-model permainan Aktivitas Luar kelas (ALK yang layak digunakan sebagai materi pembelajaran penjas, serta efektif untuk mengembangkan ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik siswa SMA. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1 pengumpulan informasi di lapangan, (2 menganalisis informasi yang telah dikumpulkan, (3 mengembangkan produk awal, (4 validasi ahli dan revisi, (5 uji coba skala kecil dan  revisi, (6 uji coba skala besar dan revisi, dan (7 pembuatan produk final. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan terhadap siswa kelas X-D dan XI-IPA 4 dari SMA N I Prambanan berjumlah 66 orang. Uji coba skala besar dilakukan terhadap siswa kelas X-G, X-H, XI-IPS 3, dan XI-BHS dari SMA N I Prambanan berjumlah 132 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu; (1 pedoman wawancara, (2 skala nilai, (3 pedoman observasi permainan, (4 pedoman observasi keefektifan permainan, (5 pedoman observasi terhadap guru pelaku uji coba, dan (6 rubrik penilaian siswa. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian berupa tujuh model permainan yang layak dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran penjas, hal ini dibuktikan dengan perolehan persentase sebesar 100% dari data hasil kuesioner skala nilai, observasi model permainan, observasi keefektifan permainan, dan observasi guru pelaku uji coba. Model permainan juga efektif untuk mengembangkan ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, yang dibuktikan dengan terjadinya peningkatan persentase nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 21%. Kata kunci: model, permainan, aktivitas luar kelas, kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik THE OUTDOOR ACTIVITY GAME MODEL TO DEVELOP THE ASPECT OF COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, AND PSYCHOMOTOR OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Abstract This study aims at producing outdoor activity game models which are proper to be used for physicall education learning and developing cognitive, affective, and

A phenomenological SMA model for combined axial–torsional proportional/non-proportional loading conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bodaghi, M.; Damanpack, A.R.; Aghdam, M.M.; Shakeri, M.

2013-01-01

In this paper, a simple and robust phenomenological model for shape memory alloys (SMAs) is proposed to simulate main features of SMAs under uniaxial as well as biaxial combined axial–torsional proportional/non-proportional loadings. The constitutive model for polycrystalline SMAs is developed within the framework of continuum thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The model nominates the volume fractions of self-accommodated and oriented martensite as scalar internal variables and the preferred direction of oriented martensitic variants as directional internal variable. An algorithm is introduced to develop explicit relationships for the thermo-mechanical behavior of SMAs under uniaxial and biaxial combined axial–torsional proportional/non-proportional loading conditions and also thermal loading. It is shown that the model is able to simulate main aspects of SMAs including self-accommodation, martensitic transformation, orientation and reorientation of martensite, shape memory effect, ferro-elasticity and pseudo-elasticity. A description of the time-discrete counterpart of the proposed SMA model is presented. Experimental results of uniaxial tension and biaxial combined tension–torsion non-proportional tests are simulated and a good qualitative correlation between numerical and experimental responses is achieved. Due to simplicity and accuracy, the model is expected to be used in the future studies dealing with the analysis of SMA devices in which two stress components including one normal and one shear stress are dominant

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU PEDOMAN GURU PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SMA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM SOLVING LEVEL INKUIRI

OpenAIRE

Susi Fatikhah Setiyawati; Heru Kuswanto

2015-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan buku pedoman guru untuk pembelajaran fisika SMA menggunakan model problem solving sesuai level inkuiri yang layak digunakan; (2) mendeskripsikan keberhasilan pembelajaran fisika menggunakan model problem solving (MPS) sesuai dengan level inkuiri sesuai dengan buku pedoman terhadap peningkatan aktivitas peserta didik dan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan, sesuai langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Bor...

Feasibility study of an active soft catheter actuated by SMA wires

Science.gov (United States)

Konh, Bardia; Karimi, Saeed; Miller, Scott

2018-03-01

This study aims to assess the feasibility of using a combination of thin elastomer tubes and SMA wires to develop an active catheter. Cardiac catheters have been widely used in investigational and interventional procedures such as angiography, angioplasty, electro- physiology, and endocardial ablation. The commercial models manually steer inside the patient's body via internally installed pull wires. Active catheters, on the other hand, have the potential to revolutionize surgical procedures because of their computer-controlled and enhanced motion. Shape memory alloys have been used for almost a decade as a trustworthy actuator for biomedical applications. In this work, SMA wires were attached to a small pressurized elastomer tube to realize deflection. The tube was pressurized to maintain a constant stress on the SMA wires. The tip motion via actuation of SMA wires was then measured and reported. The results of this study showed that by adopting an appropriate training process for the SMA wires prior to performing the experiments and adopting an appropriate internal pressure for the elastomer tube, less external loads on SMA wires would be needed for a consistent actuation.

Simulated CONUS Flash Flood Climatologies from Distributed Hydrologic Models

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Flamig, Z.; Gourley, J. J.; Vergara, H. J.; Kirstetter, P. E.; Hong, Y.

2016-12-01

This study will describe a CONUS flash flood climatology created over the period from 2002 through 2011. The MRMS reanalysis precipitation dataset was used as forcing into the Ensemble Framework For Flash Flood Forecasting (EF5). This high resolution 1-sq km 5-minute dataset is ideal for simulating flash floods with a distributed hydrologic model. EF5 features multiple water balance components including SAC-SMA, CREST, and a hydrophobic model all coupled with kinematic wave routing. The EF5/SAC-SMA and EF5/CREST water balance schemes were used for the creation of dual flash flood climatologies based on the differing water balance principles. For the period from 2002 through 2011 the daily maximum streamflow, unit streamflow, and time of peak streamflow was stored along with the minimum soil moisture. These variables are used to describe the states of the soils right before a flash flood event and the peak streamflow that was simulated during the flash flood event. The results will be shown, compared and contrasted. The resulting model simulations will be verified on basins less than 1,000-sq km with USGS gauges to ensure the distributed hydrologic models are reliable. The results will also be compared spatially to Storm Data flash flood event observations to judge the degree of agreement between the simulated climatologies and observations.

Superelastic SMA U-shaped dampers with self-centering functions

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Wang, Bin; Zhu, Songye

2018-05-01

As high-performance metallic materials, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been investigated increasingly by the earthquake engineering community in recent years, because of their remarkable self-centering (SC) and energy-dissipating capabilities. This paper systematically presents an experimental study on a novel superelastic SMA U-shaped damper (SMA-UD) with SC function under cyclic loading. The mechanical properties, including strength, SC ability, and energy-dissipating capability with varying loading amplitudes and strain rates are evaluated. Test results show that excellent and stable flag-shaped hysteresis loops are exhibited in multiple loading cycles. Strain rate has a negligible effect on the cyclic behavior of the SMA-UD within the dynamic frequency range of typical interest in earthquake engineering. Furthermore, a numerical investigation is performed to understand the mechanical behavior of the SMA-UD. The numerical model is calibrated against the experimental results with reasonable accuracy. Then, the stress–strain states with different phase transformations are also discussed.

UPAYA MENGEMBANGKAN LEARNING COMMUNITY SISWA KELAS X SMA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD BERBASIS CTL PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA

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Wahyudi -

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berbasis CTL pada pembelajaran fisika dalam mengembangkan learning community dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa serta mengetahui dampak penerapannya terhadap learning community dan hasil belajar siswa kelas X-7 SMA N 1 Tahunan Jepara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan meningkatnya hasil belajar serta berkembangnya learning community siswa kelas X-7 SMA N 1 Tahunan Jepara setelah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berbasis CTL pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamis.This research is describe the implementation of cooperative learning model STAD CTL-based for Physics learning subject to develop learning community, improve students learning and also find out the outcome of its implementation  to the learning community and learning result of SMA N 1 Tahunan Jepara Students class of X-7. The research result shows that there is an improvement of students’ learning result and also a development of learning community of N 1 Tahunan Jepara Students class of X-7 after implementing cooperative learning model STAD CTL-based for Dynamic Electricity topic.

Strategic management accounting and decision making: A survey of the Nigerian Banks

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Collins S. Oboh

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This paper attempts an empirical examination of the practicality of strategic management accounting (SMA adoption in banks in Nigeria, a developing country. It investigates the extent of practice and contributions of SMA to strategic decision making. Survey data were obtained from 71 bank managers across 20 registered banks in Nigeria. Simple regression estimation technique and Pearson Chi-square test were used for data analysis. The results suggest that SMA is distinct in its features and orientation towards the practice of management accounting. The study found out that banks in Nigeria practice SMA; not as a concept, but as a principle of operation, and that SMA contributes significantly to strategic decision making in the area of competitive advantage and increased market share. The study offers value for banks in other developing economies in that it supports the argument that they can benefit from SMA adoption as part of banking strategies. Keywords: Strategic management accounting, Decision making, Market share, Banks, Nigeria

The Sac Actun System, Quintana Roo, Mexico; Sistema Sac Actun, Quintana Roo, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kambesis, P. N.; Coke, J. G.

2016-07-01

The Sac Actun system, located in northeast Quintana Roo, Mexico, is among the most extensive underwater cave systems located along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. The cave is composed of linear phreatic conduits that have two forms. The coastal sections of the Sac Actun system are characterized by low horizontal tunnels that form mazes paralleling the coast and rudimentary conduits broken by fracture-controlled rooms. Inland passages are fault/fracture controlled, have a linear, anastomotic configuration, and align perpendicular to the coast. Access to the cave system is gained through cenotes which are the portals into the Yucatan underwater cave systems. The occurrence of drowned speleothems in many parts of the cave system, and sections of air-filled upper level passages are indicative of major fluctuations in sea level. The Sac Actun system is part of one of the most extensive and significant eogenetic karst aquifers in the world. The development of the Sac Actun system, as well as the many other caves systems along the Yucatan Caribbean Coast is controlled by the coastal hydrologic regime, driven by glacio-eustatics, and influenced by stratigraphic and structural controls. The karstic permeability of the aquifer makes it and the Sac Actun system vulnerable to the anthropogenic impacts of increased population growth, quarries, and infrastructure development associated with the burgeoning tourist industry that dominates land use in the region. (Author)

The effectiveness of styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers for solubilisation of integral membrane proteins from SMA-accessible and SMA-resistant membranes.

Science.gov (United States)

Swainsbury, David J K; Scheidelaar, Stefan; Foster, Nicholas; van Grondelle, Rienk; Killian, J Antoinette; Jones, Michael R

2017-10-01

Solubilisation of biological lipid bilayer membranes for analysis of their protein complement has traditionally been carried out using detergents, but there is increasing interest in the use of amphiphilic copolymers such as styrene maleic acid (SMA) for the solubilisation, purification and characterisation of integral membrane proteins in the form of protein/lipid nanodiscs. Here we survey the effectiveness of various commercially-available formulations of the SMA copolymer in solubilising Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centres (RCs) from photosynthetic membranes. We find that formulations of SMA with a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio of styrene to maleic acid are almost as effective as detergent in solubilising RCs, with the best solubilisation by short chain variants (membranes was uniformly low, but could be increased through a variety of treatments to increase the lipid:protein ratio. However, proteins isolated from such membranes comprised clusters of complexes in small membrane patches rather than individual proteins. We conclude that short-chain 2:1 and 3:1 formulations of SMA are the most effective in solubilising integral membrane proteins, but that solubilisation efficiencies are strongly influenced by the size of the target protein and the density of packing of proteins in the membrane. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Yolk sac development in lizards (Lacertilia: Scincidae): New perspectives on the egg of amniotes.

Science.gov (United States)

Stewart, James R; Thompson, Michael B

2017-04-01

Embryos of oviparous reptiles develop on the surface of a large mass of yolk, which they metabolize to become relatively large hatchlings. Access to the yolk is provided by tissues growing outward from the embryo to cover the surface of the yolk. A key feature of yolk sac development is a dedicated blood vascular system to communicate with the embryo. The best known model for yolk sac development and function of oviparous amniotes is based on numerous studies of birds, primarily domestic chickens. In this model, the vascular yolk sac forms the perimeter of the large yolk mass and is lined by a specialized epithelium, which takes up, processes and transports yolk nutrients to the yolk sac blood vessels. Studies of lizard yolk sac development, dating to more than 100 years ago, report characteristics inconsistent with this model. We compared development of the yolk sac from oviposition to near hatching in embryonic series of three species of oviparous scincid lizards to consider congruence with the pattern described for birds. Our findings reinforce results of prior studies indicating that squamate reptiles mobilize and metabolize the large yolk reserves in their eggs through a process unknown in other amniotes. Development of the yolk sac of lizards differs from birds in four primary characteristics, migration of mesoderm, proliferation of endoderm, vascular development and cellular diversity within the yolk sac cavity. Notably, all of the yolk is incorporated into cells relatively early in development and endodermal cells within the yolk sac cavity align along blood vessels which course throughout the yolk sac cavity. The pattern of uptake of yolk by endodermal cells indicates that the mechanism of yolk metabolism differs between lizards and birds and that the evolution of a fundamental characteristic of embryonic nutrition diverged in these two lineages. Attributes of the yolk sac of squamates reveal the existence of phylogenetic diversity among amniote lineages

Endolymphatic Sac Decompression With Intra-Sac Dexamethasone Injection in Menière's Disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Bojrab, Dennis I; LaRouere, Michael J; Bojrab, Dennis I; Babu, Seilesh C; Sargent, Eric W; Chan, Eleanor Y; Hong, Robert S

2018-06-01

Endolymphatic sac decompression surgery (ELSD) may be used to treat patients who have Menière's 's disease refractory to medical therapy. In this study, we investigated whether or not the injection of steroid into the endolymphatic sac at the time of ELSD provides additional benefit to patient outcomes. Randomized prospective single-blinded placebo-controlled study. Tertiary center. Patients with Menière's disease with poorly controlled vertigo despite medical therapy and serviceable hearing that were offered ELSD. Patients randomized into two groups, with control group (n = 17) undergone ELSD without steroid injection and experimental group undergone ELSD with steroid injection (n = 18) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):: Audiogram, dizziness handicap inventory, tinnitus handicap inventory, frequency of vertigo spells, functional level scale, and quality of life were obtained at multiple intervals from preoperatively to 24 months postoperatively. ELSD resulted in a statistically significant improvement in vertigo control whether or not steroid was injected into the endolymphatic sac at the time of surgery. However, no additional benefit was observed with the addition of intra-sac steroid injection. No statistical difference in pure-tone average, tinnitus handicap inventory, dizziness handicap inventory, or quality of life was observed between the steroid and nonsteroid surgical groups up to 24 months postoperatively. ELSD is an effective treatment for Menière's disease refractory to medical therapy; however, the addition of intra-sac steroid injection at the time of surgery does not seem to result in a further improvement in patient outcomes.

SacB-SacR gene cassette as the negative selection marker to suppress Agrobacterium overgrowth in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation

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Yiming Liu

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Agrobacterium overgrowth is a common problem in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transfor-mation. To suppress the Agrobacterium overgrowth, various antibiotics have been used during plant tissue culture steps. The antibiotics are expensive and may adversely affect plant cell differentiation and reduce plant transformation efficiency. The SacB-SacR proteins are toxic to most Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains when they are grown on culture medium sup¬plemented with sucrose. Therefore, SacB-SacR genes can be used as negative selection markers to suppress the overgrowth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the plant tissue culture process. We generated a mutant Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260 (recA-SacB/R that has the SacB-SacR cassette inserted into the bacterial genome at the recA gene locus. The mutant Agrobacterium strain is sensitive to sucrose but maintains its ability to transform plant cells in both transient and stable transformation assays. We demonstrated that the mutant strain GV2260 (recA-SacB/R can be inhibited by sucrose that reduces the overgrowth of Agrobacterium and therefore improves the plant transformation efficiency. We employed GV2260 (recA-SacB/R to generate stable transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing a CRISPR-Cas9 for knocking out a WRKY transcrip¬tion factor.

Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Matematis Siswa SMA kota Sorong terhadap Butir Soal dengan Graded Response Model

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Muhammad Syahrul Kahar

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This research aims to know the level of mathematical thinking ability of students by using scored model Graded Response Model (GRM. The subject here is the students of Class XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 3 Sorong the 2016/2017 academic year, which amounted to 38 students with 22 students are male and 16 female students. This research is a descriptive research experiment. The results of this study indicate that the scored model GRM is effective in analyzing the ability of mathematical thinking of students. The effectiveness is shown an increase in student learning outcomes grade XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong, where the average grade results visible increase of 56.7 until 78, and the value of the completeness students improved significantly, and student learning outcomes were shown in graded contents relevance criteria students with score 4 there are 18 students (47.37%, while the relevance of the contents with a score of 1 there are 4 students (10.53%. From the criteria of completeness students who achieve complete answers by a score of 4, there are 1 students (2.64%, and the answers are far from finished with a score of 1 there were 7 students (19.52%. Then to organizing criteria, students are working on a very systematic, there are 8 students (21.05%, and organizing with not systematically there are 10 students (26.32%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa dengan menggunakan model penyekoran Graded Response Model (GRM. Subjek penelitian disini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong tahun ajaran 2016/2017, yang berjumlah 38 siswa dengan 22 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bersifat Deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model penyekoran GRM ini efektif dalam menganalisis kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa. Keefektifan tersebut terlihat adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong, dimana

SMA bellows as reversible thermal sensors/actuators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Damanpack, A R; Bodaghi, M; Liao, W H

2015-01-01

In this paper, the feasibility of reversible bellows made of shape memory alloys (SMAs) in sensory and actuated applications to transfer pressure and/or temperature into a linear motion is investigated. An analytical three-dimensional model is developed to simulate key features of SMAs including martensitic transformation, reorientation of martensite variants, the shape memory effect, and pseudo-elasticity. Axisymmetric two-dimensional theory of thermo-inelasticity based on the non-linear Green–Lagrange strain tensor is employed to derive the equilibrium equations. A finite element method along with an iterative incremental elastic-predictor–inelastic-corrector procedure is developed to solve the governing equations with both material and geometrical non-linearities. The feasibility of reversible SMA bellows in transferring pressure and/or temperature into a linear motion is numerically demonstrated. In this respect, the effects of geometric parameters, magnitude of thermo-mechanical loadings and end conditions on the performances of SMA bellows are evaluated and discussed in depth. This study provides pertinent results toward an efficient and reliable design of reversible thermally-driven SMA bellows. (paper)

Klasifikasi Kecamatan Berdasarkan Nilai Akhir SMA/MA di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan Menggunakan Analisis Diskriminan

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Fitriana A.R.

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Analisis diskriminan merupakan bagian dari analisis peubah ganda. Analisis diskriminan digunakan untuk memodelkan variabel tak bebas yang bersifat kualitatif dengan variabel bebas yang bersifat kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini, analisis diskriminan lebih dari dua kelompok diterapkan pada data nilai akhir SMA/MA di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model untuk pengklasifikasian kecamatan. Pengklasifikasian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kualitas siswa SMA/MA yang berada di masing-masing kecamatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan berdasarkan data nilai akhir. Variabel tak bebas yang digunakan berupa klasifikasi kecamatan berdasarkan rata-rata jumlah nilai akhir SMA/MA yang berada di masing-masing kecamatan yang dibentuk dengan K-Means Cluster. Sedangkan variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah data rata-rata nilai akhir SMA/MA untuk setiap mata pelajaran yang diujiankan pada masing-masing jurusan setiap kecamatan. Model yang didapatkan adalah dua model diskriminan untuk jurusan IPA dan IPS.

Efficacy of Several Pesticide Products on Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) Egg Sacs and Their Penetration Through the Egg Sac Silk.

Science.gov (United States)

Vetter, Richard S; Tarango, Jacob; Campbell, Kathleen A; Tham, Christine; Hayashi, Cheryl Y; Choe, Dong-Hwan

2016-02-01

Information on pesticide effects on spiders is less common than for insects; similar information for spider egg sacs is scarcer in the open literature. Spider egg sacs are typically covered with a protective silk layer. When pesticides are directly applied to egg sacs, the silk might prevent active ingredients from reaching the eggs, blocking their insecticidal effect. We investigated the impact of six water-based pesticide sprays and four oil-based aerosol products against egg sacs of brown widow spiders, Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch. All water-based spray products except one failed to provide significant mortality to egg sacs, resulting in successful spiderling emergence from treated egg sacs at a similar rate to untreated egg sacs. In contrast to water-based sprays, oil-based aerosols provided almost complete control, with 94-100% prevention of spiderling emergence. Penetration studies using colored pesticide products indicated that oil-based aerosols were significantly more effective in penetrating egg sac silk than were the water-based sprays, delivering the active ingredients on most (>99%) of the eggs inside the sac. The ability of pesticides to penetrate spider egg sac silk and deliver lethal doses of active ingredients to the eggs is discussed in relation to the chemical nature of egg sac silk proteins. Our study suggests that pest management procedures primarily relying on perimeter application of water-based sprays might not provide satisfactory control of brown widow spider eggs. Determination of the most effective active ingredients and carrier characteristics warrant further research to provide more effective control options for spider egg sacs. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Human papillomavirus: cause of epithelial lacrimal sac neoplasia?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sjö, Nicolai Christian; von Buchwald, Christian; Cassonnet, Patricia

2007-01-01

PURPOSE: Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal sac are rare but important entities that may carry grave prognoses. In this study the prevalence and possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in epithelial tumours of the lacrimal sac were evaluated. METHODS: Five papillomas and six...... 11 RNA was demonstrated in two papillomas. CONCLUSIONS: By analysing 11 epithelial lacrimal sac papillomas and carcinomas using PCR, DNA ISH and RNA ISH, we found HPV DNA in all investigated transitional epithelium tumours of the lacrimal sac. HPV RNA was present in two of eight epithelial lacrimal...... sac tumours positive for HPV DNA. As RNA degrades fast in paraffin-embedded tissue, only a small fraction of DNA-positive tumours can be expected to be RNA-positive. We therefore suggest that HPV infection is associated with the development of lacrimal sac papillomas and carcinomas....

Evaluation of cloned cells, animal model, and ATRA sensitivity of human testicular yolk sac tumor

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Zhao Junfeng

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract The testicular yolk sac tumor (TYST is the most common neoplasm originated from germ cells differentiated abnormally, a major part of pediatric malignant testicular tumors. The present study aimed at developing and validating the in vitro and vivo models of TYST and evaluating the sensitivity of TYST to treatments, by cloning human TYST cells and investigating the histology, ultra-structure, growth kinetics and expression of specific proteins of cloned cells. We found biological characteristics of cloned TYST cells were similar to the yolk sac tumor and differentiated from the columnar to glandular-like or goblet cells-like cells. Chromosomes for tumor identification in each passage met nature of the primary tumor. TYST cells were more sensitive to all-trans-retinoic acid which had significantly inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Cisplatin induced apoptosis of TYST cells through the activation of p53 expression and down-regulation of Bcl- expression. Thus, we believe that cloned TYST cells and the animal model developed here are useful to understand the molecular mechanism of TYST cells and develop potential therapies for human TYST.

Analysis of SMA Hybrid Composite Structures in MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, Travis L.; Patel, Hemant D.

2005-01-01

A thermoelastic constitutive model for shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators and SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures was recently implemented in the commercial finite element codes MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS. The model may be easily implemented in any code that has the capability for analysis of laminated composite structures with temperature dependent material properties. The model is also relatively easy to use and requires input of only fundamental engineering properties. A brief description of the model is presented, followed by discussion of implementation and usage in the commercial codes. Results are presented from static and dynamic analysis of SMAHC beams of two types; a beam clamped at each end and a cantilever beam. Nonlinear static (post-buckling) and random response analyses are demonstrated for the first specimen. Static deflection (shape) control is demonstrated for the cantilever beam. Approaches for modeling SMAHC material systems with embedded SMA in ribbon and small round wire product forms are demonstrated and compared. The results from the commercial codes are compared to those from a research code as validation of the commercial implementations; excellent correlation is achieved in all cases.

SMA DOE Student Fellowship Initiative

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steel Manufacturers Association

2004-12-24

Steel companies in many areas of the country have found it increasingly difficult to attract talented recent graduates of college and university engineering and applied science programs to the Electric Arc Furnace iron & steel industry. College student involvement in co-operative programs at steel companies can attract needed talent to the industry. Additionally, certain R & D needs identified in the Steel Industry Technology Roadmap are addressed as co-operative program activities. The Steel Manufacturers Association (''SMA'') therefore established a co-operative education program for selected college students who have completed the first or second year of a four or five-year college program, to be recognized as SMA Co-Operative Fellows, in regard to their summer and fall semester projects with SMA's member companies.

Classification of embryo sacs in the Eragrostis curvula Complex

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T. B. Vorster

1984-12-01

Full Text Available At each of 17 collecting points between Johannesburg and Brits in the Transvaal, three plants which belong to the  Eragrostis curvula Complex were collected and studied. A total o f 3 902 embryo sacs was examined in this sample. Of the embryo sacs examined, 3 306 were apomictic by means of diplospory, whereas 99 were sexual monosporic Polygonum-type embryo sacs. One hundred and nineteen embryo sacs were abnormal or divergent, and 378 were degenerated. There are indications that seasonal climatic fluctuations may be responsible for embryo sacs developing abnormally or degenerating. Simple and multiple correlations confirmed that sexual embryo sacs usually do not develop abnormally or degenerate during the later developmental stages. This finding lends credence to both the system of classification of individual embryo sacs and to the validity of the estimate of the proportion of sexuality of the plants sampled at each sampling point.

Management accounting in support of strategy - a strategy as practice perspective

OpenAIRE

Pitcher, GS

2014-01-01

The term Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) was coined in the 1980's to both describe and encourage the development of accounting techniques that addressed strategic decision-making. This prompted the production of books and research papers into SMA techniques. However, there is very little research into how management accounting supports strategy making. Adopting the lens of strategy-as-practice and utilising a narrative research \\ud approach this developmental paper addresses the questio...

The Adoption of Strategic Management Accounting in Nigerian ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study investigated Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) with a view to ... consists of Chief Executives, Chief Accountants and Marketing Directors of those ... Management Accounting; a consensus should be reached among business ...

Passive base isolation with superelastic nitinol SMA helical springs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Bin; Zhang, Haiyang; Wang, Han; Song, Gangbing

2014-01-01

Seismic isolation of structures such as multi-story buildings, nuclear reactors, bridges, and liquid storage tanks should be designed to preserve structural integrity. By implementing seismic isolation technology, the deformation of superstructures can be dramatically reduced, consequently helping to protect their safety as well. In this paper, an innovative type of passive base isolation system, which is mainly composed of superelastic nitinol SMA helical springs, is developed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, a two-story experimental steel frame model is constructed, and two superelastic SMA helical springs are thermo-mechanically built in the laboratory. To describe the nonlinear mechanical properties of the superelastic SMA helical springs under reciprocating load, a phenomenological model is presented in terms of a series of tensile tests. Afterwards, a numerical model of the two-story frame with the suggested isolation system is set up to simulate the response of the isolated frame subjected to an earthquake. Both the experimental and the numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed base isolation system can remarkably suppress structural vibrations and has improved isolation effects when compared with a steel spring isolation system. Due to the capabilities of energy dissipation as well as fully re-centering, it is very applicable to utilize the suggested isolation system in base isolated structures to resist earthquakes. (paper)

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Babalan Tahun Pembelajaran 2013/2014

OpenAIRE

ulfa, warni atul

2013-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah terhadap kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi oleh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Babalan tahun pembelajaran 2013/2014. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Babalan, yang berjumlah 200 orang dan yang menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara menentukan satu kelas yang dijadikan wakil populasi dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling...

Design of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators

CERN Document Server

Rao, Ashwin; Reddy, J N

2015-01-01

This short monograph presents an analysis and design methodology for shape memory alloy (SMA) components such as wires, beams, and springs for different applications. The solid-solid, diffusionless phase transformations in thermally responsive SMA allows them to demonstrate unique characteristics like superelasticity and shape memory effects. The combined sensing and actuating capabilities of such materials allows them to provide a system level response by combining multiple functions in a single material system. In SMA, the combined mechanical and thermal loading effects influence the functionality of such materials. The aim of this book is to make the analysis of these materials accessible to designers by developing a "strength of materials" approach to the analysis and design of such SMA components inspired from their various applications with a review of various factors influencing the design process for such materials.

Experimental Hyperactivity of the Endolymphatic Sac

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Friis, Morten; Thomsen, Allan Randrup; Poulsen, Steen Seier

2013-01-01

Injury to the endolymphatic sac may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Ménière's disease, an inner ear disorder characterized by hearing loss, tinnitus and attacks of vertigo. Isoimmunization of 16 inbred Lewis rats with a crude endolymphatic sac extract and complete Freund's adjuvant...

PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA KOMPETENSI DASAR MENJELASKAN MANFAAT PERHITUNGAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DRILL AND PRACTICE KELAS X SMA N 1 BAWANG

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Ristia Arif

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah penerapan model pembelajaran drill (latihan and practice pada standar kompetensi menjelaskan manfaat perhitungan pendapatan nasional pada siswa kelas X SMA 1 Bawang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa ? Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X.F SMA 1 Bawang yang berjumlah 27 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Tiap siklusnya merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang terdiri dari 1 perencanaan untuk membuat instrumen penelitian lainnya, 2 Pelaksanaan, melaksanakan pembelajaran kearsipan pokok sistem kartu kendali, 3 Observasi / pengamatan, 4 refleksi, menganalisis data hasil pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan model drill (latihan and practice hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan pada masing-masing siklus, hal ini terlihat dari adanya peningkatan pada masing-masing siklus yaitu hasil tes siklus I nilai rata-rata 72 dan siklus II rata-rata 78.Dari lembar observasi siswa dari siklus I aktivitas siswa sebanyak 64,28% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 92,85%.Hasil pengamatan pada guru siklus I sebesar 72,5% dan pada siklus II sebesar 92,5%. The problems examined in this study is whether the application of learning models drill and practice the standard of competence to explain the benefits of the national income accounts in class X SMA 1 Bawang can enhance learning activities and student learning outcomes? The subjects of this study were high school students XF SMA 1 Bawang, amounting to 27 people. This study uses a Class Action Research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle is a series of activities consisting of 1 planning to make other research instruments, 2 Implementation, implementing learning basic filing system controller card, 3 Observation / observation, 4 reflection, analyzing the observed data. The results show that by applying the model drill and practice learning

A new Bayesian recursive technique for parameter estimation

Science.gov (United States)

Kaheil, Yasir H.; Gill, M. Kashif; McKee, Mac; Bastidas, Luis

2006-08-01

The performance of any model depends on how well its associated parameters are estimated. In the current application, a localized Bayesian recursive estimation (LOBARE) approach is devised for parameter estimation. The LOBARE methodology is an extension of the Bayesian recursive estimation (BARE) method. It is applied in this paper on two different types of models: an artificial intelligence (AI) model in the form of a support vector machine (SVM) application for forecasting soil moisture and a conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) model represented by the Sacramento soil moisture accounting (SAC-SMA) model. Support vector machines, based on statistical learning theory (SLT), represent the modeling task as a quadratic optimization problem and have already been used in various applications in hydrology. They require estimation of three parameters. SAC-SMA is a very well known model that estimates runoff. It has a 13-dimensional parameter space. In the LOBARE approach presented here, Bayesian inference is used in an iterative fashion to estimate the parameter space that will most likely enclose a best parameter set. This is done by narrowing the sampling space through updating the "parent" bounds based on their fitness. These bounds are actually the parameter sets that were selected by BARE runs on subspaces of the initial parameter space. The new approach results in faster convergence toward the optimal parameter set using minimum training/calibration data and fewer sets of parameter values. The efficacy of the localized methodology is also compared with the previously used BARE algorithm.

Cluster expansion of the wavefunction. Calculation of electron correlations in ground and excited states by SAC and SAC CI theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakatsuji, H.

1979-01-01

The SAC and SAC CI theories are formulated for actual calculations of singlet ground states and their excited states of arbitrary spin multiplicity. Approximations are considered for the variational methods since time-consuming terms are involved. The results of test calculations for singlet states have shown, with much smaller numbers of variables (sizes of the matrices involved), excellent agreement with the full CI and close-to-full CI results. This shows the utility of the SAC theory for ground states and especially of the SAC CI theory for excited states, since the slow convergence of the CI theory is much more critical for excited states than for ground states. (Auth.)

Gene expression of the endolymphatic sac

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Friis, Morten; Martin-Bertelsen, Tomas; Friis-Hansen, Lennart

2011-01-01

that the endolymphatic sac has multiple and diverse functions in the inner ear. Objectives:The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the genes expressed in the endolymphatic sac in the rat and perform a functional characterization based on measured mRNA abundance. Methods:Microarray technology...

A Perturbed MicroRNA Expression Pattern Characterizes Embryonic Neural Stem Cells Derived from a Severe Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Luchetti

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA is an inherited neuromuscular disorder and the leading genetic cause of death in infants. Despite the disease-causing gene, survival motor neuron (SMN1, encodes a ubiquitous protein, SMN1 deficiency preferentially affects spinal motor neurons (MNs, leaving the basis of this selective cell damage still unexplained. As neural stem cells (NSCs are multipotent self-renewing cells that can differentiate into neurons, they represent an in vitro model for elucidating the pathogenetic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases such as SMA. Here we characterize for the first time neural stem cells (NSCs derived from embryonic spinal cords of a severe SMNΔ7 SMA mouse model. SMNΔ7 NSCs behave as their wild type (WT counterparts, when we consider neurosphere formation ability and the expression levels of specific regional and self-renewal markers. However, they show a perturbed cell cycle phase distribution and an increased proliferation rate compared to wild type cells. Moreover, SMNΔ7 NSCs are characterized by the differential expression of a limited number of miRNAs, among which miR-335-5p and miR-100-5p, reduced in SMNΔ7 NSCs compared to WT cells. We suggest that such miRNAs may be related to the proliferation differences characterizing SMNΔ7 NSCs, and may be potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms of SMA.

A Perturbed MicroRNA Expression Pattern Characterizes Embryonic Neural Stem Cells Derived from a Severe Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).

Science.gov (United States)

Luchetti, Andrea; Ciafrè, Silvia Anna; Murdocca, Michela; Malgieri, Arianna; Masotti, Andrea; Sanchez, Massimo; Farace, Maria Giulia; Novelli, Giuseppe; Sangiuolo, Federica

2015-08-06

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder and the leading genetic cause of death in infants. Despite the disease-causing gene, survival motor neuron (SMN1), encodes a ubiquitous protein, SMN1 deficiency preferentially affects spinal motor neurons (MNs), leaving the basis of this selective cell damage still unexplained. As neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent self-renewing cells that can differentiate into neurons, they represent an in vitro model for elucidating the pathogenetic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases such as SMA. Here we characterize for the first time neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from embryonic spinal cords of a severe SMNΔ7 SMA mouse model. SMNΔ7 NSCs behave as their wild type (WT) counterparts, when we consider neurosphere formation ability and the expression levels of specific regional and self-renewal markers. However, they show a perturbed cell cycle phase distribution and an increased proliferation rate compared to wild type cells. Moreover, SMNΔ7 NSCs are characterized by the differential expression of a limited number of miRNAs, among which miR-335-5p and miR-100-5p, reduced in SMNΔ7 NSCs compared to WT cells. We suggest that such miRNAs may be related to the proliferation differences characterizing SMNΔ7 NSCs, and may be potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms of SMA.

Buckling analysis of SMA bonded sandwich structure – using FEM

Science.gov (United States)

Katariya, Pankaj V.; Das, Arijit; Panda, Subrata K.

2018-03-01

Thermal buckling strength of smart sandwich composite structure (bonded with shape memory alloy; SMA) examined numerically via a higher-order finite element model in association with marching technique. The excess geometrical distortion of the structure under the elevated environment modeled through Green’s strain function whereas the material nonlinearity counted with the help of marching method. The system responses are computed numerically by solving the generalized eigenvalue equations via a customized MATLAB code. The comprehensive behaviour of the current finite element solutions (minimum buckling load parameter) is established by solving the adequate number of numerical examples including the given input parameter. The current numerical model is extended further to check the influence of various structural parameter of the sandwich panel on the buckling temperature including the SMA effect and reported in details.

Sense of agency is related to gamma band coupling in an inferior parietal-preSMA circuitry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anina eRitterband-Rosenbaum

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In the present study we tested whether sense of agency (SoA is reflected by changes in coupling between right medio-frontal/supplementary motor area (SMA and inferior parietal cortex (IPC. Twelve healthy adult volunteers participated in the study. They performed a variation of a line-drawing task (Nielsen, 1963;Fourneret and Jeannerod, 1998, in which they moved a cursor on a digital tablet with their right hand without seeing the hand. Visual feedback displayed on a computer monitor was either in correspondence with or deviated from the actual movement. This made participants uncertain as to the agent of the movement and they reported SoA in approximately 50% of trials when the movement was computer-generated. We tested whether IPC-preSMA coupling was associated with SoA, using dynamic causal modelling (DCM for induced responses (Chen et al., 2008;Herz et al., 2012. Nine different DCMs were constructed for the early and late phases of the task, respectively. All models included two regions: a superior medial gyrus (preSMA region and a right supramarginal gyrus (IPC region. Bayesian models selection (Stephan et al., 2009 favoured a model with input to IPC and modulation of the forward connection to SMA in the late task phase, and a model with input to preSMA and modulation of the backward connection was favoured for the early task phase. The analysis shows that IPC source activity in the 50-60Hz range modulated preSMA source activity in the 40-70 Hz range in the presence of SoA compared with no SoA in the late task phase, but the test of the early task phase did not reveal any differences between presence and absence of SoA. We show that SoA is associated with a directionally specific between frequencies coupling from IPC to preSMA in the higher gamma (ɣ band in the late task phase. This suggests that SoA is a retrospective perception, which is highly dependent on interpretation of the outcome of the performed action.

Sense of agency is related to gamma band coupling in an inferior parietal-preSMA circuitry

Science.gov (United States)

Ritterband-Rosenbaum, Anina; Nielsen, Jens B.; Christensen, Mark S.

2014-01-01

In the present study we tested whether sense of agency (SoA) is reflected by changes in coupling between right medio-frontal/supplementary motor area (SMA) and inferior parietal cortex (IPC). Twelve healthy adult volunteers participated in the study. They performed a variation of a line-drawing task (Nielsen, 1963; Fourneret and Jeannerod, 1998), in which they moved a cursor on a digital tablet with their right hand without seeing the hand. Visual feedback displayed on a computer monitor was either in correspondence with or deviated from the actual movement. This made participants uncertain as to the agent of the movement and they reported SoA in approximately 50% of trials when the movement was computer-generated. We tested whether IPC-preSMA coupling was associated with SoA, using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for induced responses (Chen et al., 2008; Herz et al., 2012). Nine different DCMs were constructed for the early and late phases of the task, respectively. All models included two regions: a superior medial gyrus (preSMA) region and a right supramarginal gyrus (IPC) region. Bayesian models selection (Stephan et al., 2009) favored a model with input to IPC and modulation of the forward connection to SMA in the late task phase, and a model with input to preSMA and modulation of the backward connection was favored for the early task phase. The analysis shows that IPC source activity in the 50–60 Hz range modulated preSMA source activity in the 40–70 Hz range in the presence of SoA compared with no SoA in the late task phase, but the test of the early task phase did not reveal any differences between presence and absence of SoA. We show that SoA is associated with a directionally specific between frequencies coupling from IPC to preSMA in the higher gamma (ɣ) band in the late task phase. This suggests that SoA is a retrospective perception, which is highly dependent on interpretation of the outcome of the performed action. PMID:25076883

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN KOMPETENSI SULIT MATEMATIKA SMA DI RIAU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ummi Aisyah

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran kompetensi sulit matematika SMA di Provinsi Riau yang berkualitas baik/layak yaitu valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran kompetensi sulit matematika SMA dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel & Semmel yang telah dimodifikasi sehingga hanya memuat tahap pen-definisian, perancangan, dan pengembangan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran kompetensi sulit matematika SMA yang meliputi silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP, lembar kegiatan siswa (LKS, dan instrumen tes. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa silabus, RPP, LKS yang dikembangkan memiliki kategori sangat valid untuk masing-masing silabus, RPP, LKS, dan test instrument. Hasil uji coba lapangan menunjukkan bahwa perangkat yang dikembangkan praktis dan efektif. Kepraktisan mencapai hasil sangat baik ditinjau dari penilaian guru dan siswa. Keefektifan ditinjau dari ketuntasan belajar siswa dan hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Secara klasikal ketuntasan belajar mencapai 84,38%. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah layak untuk digunakan. Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, kompetensi sulit matematika

Transvaginal ultrasound in threatened abortions with empty gestational sacs.

Science.gov (United States)

Tongsong, T; Wanapirak, C; Srisomboon, J; Sirichotiyakul, S; Polsrisuthikul, T; Pongsatha, S

1994-09-01

To determine whether transvaginal ultrasound criteria alone can distinguish viable from non-viable gestational sacs at a single examination. A prospective descriptive study was undertaken and analysis performed on 211 pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion and empty gestation sacs diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound. The main outcome measure was the final diagnosis of viable or non-viable gestation on subsequent transvaginal sonography. The study shows that a single transvaginal ultrasound examination is useful in differentiating viable from non-viable gestation sacs. The mean sac diameter (MSD) was found to be the most useful criterion for determining non-viability. An MSD of > or = 17 mm that lacked an embryo and an MSD of > or = 13 mm without visible yolk sac were reliable predictors of non-viable gestation sacs at a single examination with 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value. An MSD > or = 13 mm without visible yolk sac was the most sensitive criterion. Using MSD criteria, 73% of non-viable gestations could be reliably identified without any false-positive diagnoses. Deformed shape, low position and thin decidual reaction are strong indicators of non-viable gestations but are not 100% accurate. There is still a significant proportion of empty sacs, where no accurate distinction between viable and non-viable can be made according to one criterion at a single examination and in these cases serial examinations should be carried out before any active management is advocated. In most cases, transvaginal sonographic criteria alone can distinguish viable from non-viable empty gestational sacs at a single examination.

A 3D finite-strain-based constitutive model for shape memory alloys accounting for thermomechanical coupling and martensite reorientation

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Wang, Jun; Moumni, Ziad; Zhang, Weihong; Xu, Yingjie; Zaki, Wael

2017-06-01

The paper presents a finite-strain constitutive model for shape memory alloys (SMAs) that accounts for thermomechanical coupling and martensite reorientation. The finite-strain formulation is based on a two-tier, multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into thermal, elastic, and inelastic parts, where the inelastic deformation is further split into phase transformation and martensite reorientation components. A time-discrete formulation of the constitutive equations is proposed and a numerical integration algorithm is presented featuring proper symmetrization of the tensor variables and explicit formulation of the material and spatial tangent operators involved. The algorithm is used for finite element analysis of SMA components subjected to various loading conditions, including uniaxial, non-proportional, isothermal and adiabatic loading cases. The analysis is carried out using the FEA software Abaqus by means of a user-defined material subroutine, which is then utilized to simulate a SMA archwire undergoing large strains and rotations.

Spinal movement and dural sac compression during airway management in a cadaveric model with atlanto-occipital instability.

Science.gov (United States)

Liao, Shiyao; Schneider, Niko R E; Weilbacher, Frank; Stehr, Anne; Matschke, Stefan; Grützner, Paul A; Popp, Erik; Kreinest, Michael

2017-12-01

To analyze the compression of the dural sac and the cervical spinal movement during performing different airway interventions in case of atlanto-occipital dislocation. In six fresh cadavers, atlanto-occipital dislocation was performed by distracting the opened atlanto-occipital joint capsule and sectioning the tectorial membrane. Airway management was done using three airway devices (direct laryngoscopy, video laryngoscopy, and insertion of a laryngeal tube). The change of dural sac's width and intervertebral angulation in stable and unstable atlanto-occipital conditions were recorded by video fluoroscopy with myelography. Three-dimensional overall movement of cervical spine was measured in a wireless human motion track system. Compared with a mean dural sac compression of - 0.5 mm (- 0.7 to - 0.3 mm) in stable condition, direct laryngoscopy caused an increased dural sac compression of - 1.6 mm (- 1.9 to - 0.6 mm, p = 0.028) in the unstable atlanto-occipital condition. No increased compression on dural sac was found using video laryngoscopy or the laryngeal tube. Moreover, direct laryngoscopy caused greater overall extension and rotation of cervical spine than laryngeal tube insertion in both stable and unstable conditions. Among three procedures, the insertion of a laryngeal tube took the shortest time. In case of atlanto-occipital dislocation, intubation using direct laryngoscopy exacerbates dural sac compression and may cause damage to the spinal cord.

Performance analysis for the bit-error rate of SAC-OCDMA systems

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Gang; Cheng, Wenqing; Chen, Fujun

2015-09-01

Under low power, Gaussian statistics by invoking the central limit theorem is feasible to predict the upper bound in the spectral-amplitude-coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system. However, this case severely underestimates the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the system under high power assumption. Fortunately, the exact negative binomial (NB) model is a perfect replacement for the Gaussian model in the prediction and evaluation. Based on NB statistics, a more accurate closed-form expression is analyzed and derived for the SAC-OCDMA system. The experiment shows that the obtained expression provides a more precise prediction of the BER performance under the low and high power assumptions.

FRECUENCIAS NATURALES EN VIGAS ACTIVAMENTE TORSIONADAS USANDO ALAMBRES DE ALEACIÓN CON MEMORIA DE FORMA (SMA | NATURAL FREQUENCIES IN ACTVELY TWISTED BEAMS USING SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY (SMA WIRES

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Gaetano Starlacci

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Changes in the geometry and stiffness of structural members can be obtained using Shape Memory Alloys (SMA wires, previously stretched, and externally attached to the member in a helical pattern. The wire was modeled assuming transformation from a pure martensitic phase to a pure austenitic phase. Natural frequency values before and after the SMA wire activation attached to the beam were calculated using the finite element method and these values were compared with those obtained from a model developed for pre-twisted stress-free cantilever members. The results obtained showed the active torsion influence over the structural element in the values of natural frequencies calculated.

Mechanical behavior and fatigue performance of SMA short fiber reinforced MMC

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Matar, Basem Jawad

The mechanical behavior and performance of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) short fiber NiTi reinforced Al was experimentally investigated for monotonic and fatigue test Al 6061 NiTi-SiC T6 was superior to unreinforced materials as well as to the reinforced Al T4. Taya three-dimensional model was performed on the monotonic tensile test at room temperature. It showed good agreement with experimental results. In order to utilize the compressive criterion for SMA, the NiTi reinforced Al composite was cooled at -10°C and prestrained at 1.2%. Beyond this limit composite suffered from damage. The net enhancement of SMA effect was around 10 MPa on composite yield stress. Results showed that the elastic constant for the composite did not change with loading and unloading suggesting that the inelastic behavior is plasticity. Further investigation on the inelastic behavior model as damage and/or plasticity by evaluating Poisson's ratio during loading was carried out by Adaptive Image Correlation Technique for Full-Field Strain Measurement. Poisson's ratio increased from around 0.33 to 0.5 demonstrating that it is plasticity that is responsible for the inelastic behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was also used and confirmed model results. The overall damage-behavior was quantified in terms of the post fatigue failure strength for low-cycle fatigue tests. Power law model was best to fit experimental findings.

Mesoscale simulation of elastocaloric cooling in SMA films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wendler, Frank; Ossmer, Hinnerk; Chluba, Christoph; Quandt, Eckhard; Kohl, Manfred

2017-01-01

A model for the evolution of the mechanical and thermal properties of shape memory alloy (SMA) films during elastocaloric cycling is developed and compared with experiments. The focus is on Ti-Ni-Cu-Co films of 20 μm thickness showing ultra-low fatigue properties. The films undergo a highly localized pseudoelastic transformation under tensile load cycling featuring strain and temperature band patterns that depend on the loading conditions. The corresponding temperature change is of special interest for film-based elastocaloric cooling applications. Starting from a thermodynamics-based Gibbs free energy model comprising mechanical and chemical contributions, we include a martensite-austenite interface free energy term, for which formulations from a phase-field model are adapted. A 3D continuum mechanics description is modified to treat plane stress conditions appropriate for polycrystalline thin films. The nucleation mechanism of strain bands under dynamic loading is described by introducing a spatial random distribution of the transformation stress barriers reflecting the degree of material inhomogeneity. Heat transfer due to conduction and convection is taken into account. The simulations predict the correlated mechanical and thermal local response of the films including band formation and evolution, tilt angle as well as strain-rate dependence. Macroscopic stress-strain characteristics and thermal evolution curves well represent the experimental results.

Tensile and fatigue behavior of polymer composites reinforced with superelastic SMA strands

Science.gov (United States)

Daghash, Sherif M.; Ozbulut, Osman E.

2018-06-01

This study explores the use of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) strands, which consist of seven individual small-diameter wires, in an epoxy matrix and characterizes the tensile and fatigue responses of the developed SMA/epoxy composites. Using a vacuum assisted hand lay-up technique, twelve SMA fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) specimens were fabricated. The developed SMA-FRP composites had a fiber volume ratio of 50%. Tensile response of SMA-FRP specimens were characterized under both monotonic loading and increasing amplitude loading and unloading cycles. The degradation in superelastic properties of the developed SMA-FRP composites during fatigue loading at different strain amplitudes was investigated. The effect of loading rate on the fatigue response of SMA-FRP composites was also explored. In addition, fractured specimens were examined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique to study the failure mechanisms of the tested specimens. A good interfacial bonding between the SMA strands and epoxy matrix was observed. The developed SMA-FRP composites exhibited good superelastic behavior at different strain amplitudes up to at least 800 cycle after which significant degradation occurred.

The Development of Learning Model Based on Problem Solving to Construct High-Order Thinking Skill on the Learning Mathematics of 11th Grade in SMA/MA

Science.gov (United States)

Syahputra, Edi; Surya, Edy

2017-01-01

This paper is a summary study of team Postgraduate on 11th grade. The objective of this study is to develop a learning model based on problem solving which can construct high-order thinking on the learning mathematics in SMA/MA. The subject of dissemination consists of Students of 11th grade in SMA/MA in 3 kabupaten/kota in North Sumatera, namely:…

The Sac Actun System, Quintana Roo, Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kambesis, P. N.; Coke, J. G.

2016-01-01

The Sac Actun system, located in northeast Quintana Roo, Mexico, is among the most extensive underwater cave systems located along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. The cave is composed of linear phreatic conduits that have two forms. The coastal sections of the Sac Actun system are characterized by low horizontal tunnels that form mazes paralleling the coast and rudimentary conduits broken by fracture-controlled rooms. Inland passages are fault/fracture controlled, have a linear, anastomotic configuration, and align perpendicular to the coast. Access to the cave system is gained through cenotes which are the portals into the Yucatan underwater cave systems. The occurrence of drowned speleothems in many parts of the cave system, and sections of air-filled upper level passages are indicative of major fluctuations in sea level. The Sac Actun system is part of one of the most extensive and significant eogenetic karst aquifers in the world. The development of the Sac Actun system, as well as the many other caves systems along the Yucatan Caribbean Coast is controlled by the coastal hydrologic regime, driven by glacio-eustatics, and influenced by stratigraphic and structural controls. The karstic permeability of the aquifer makes it and the Sac Actun system vulnerable to the anthropogenic impacts of increased population growth, quarries, and infrastructure development associated with the burgeoning tourist industry that dominates land use in the region. (Author)

Seismic fragility analysis of lap-spliced reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by SMA wire jackets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Eunsoo; Park, Sun-Hee; Chung, Young-Soo; Kim, Hee Sun

2013-01-01

The aim of this study is to provide seismic fragility curves of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by shape memory alloy wire jackets and thus assess the seismic performance of the columns against earthquakes, comparing them with reinforced concrete columns with lap-spliced and continuous reinforcement. For that purpose, this study first developed analytical models of the experimental results of the three types of columns, (1) lap-spliced reinforcement, (2) continuous reinforcement and (3) lap-spliced reinforcement and retrofitted by SMA wire jackets, using the OpenSEES program, which is oriented to nonlinear dynamic analysis. Then, a suite of ten recorded ground motions was used to conduct dynamic analyses of the analytical models with scaling of the peak ground acceleration from 0.1g to 1.0g in steps of 0.1g. From the static experimental tests, the column retrofitted with SMA wire jackets had a larger displacement ductility by a factor of 2.3 times that of the lap-spliced column, which was 6% larger compared with the ductility of the continuous reinforcement column. From the fragility analyses, the SMA wire jacketed column had median values of 0.162g and 0.567g for yield and collapse, respectively. For the yield damage state, the SMA wire jacketed column had a median value similar to the continuous reinforcement column. However, for the complete damage state, the SMA wire jacketed column showed a 1.33 times larger median value than the continuously reinforcement column. (paper)

Diagnostic imaging features of normal anal sacs in dogs and cats.

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Yechan; Jeong, Eunseok; Park, Sangjun; Jeong, Jimo; Choi, Ul Soo; Kim, Min-Su; Kim, Namsoo; Lee, Kichang

2016-09-30

This study was conducted to provide normal reference features for canine and feline anal sacs using ultrasound, low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiograph contrast as diagnostic imaging tools. A total of ten clinically normal beagle dogs and eight clinically normally cats were included. General radiography with contrast, ultrasonography and low-field MRI scans were performed. The visualization of anal sacs, which are located at distinct sites in dogs and cats, is possible with a contrast study on radiography. Most surfaces of the anal sacs tissue, occasionally appearing as a hyperechoic thin line, were surrounded by the hypoechoic external sphincter muscle on ultrasonography. The normal anal sac contents of dogs and cats had variable echogenicity. Signals of anal sac contents on low-field MRI varied in cats and dogs, and contrast medium using T1-weighted images enhanced the anal sac walls more obviously than that on ultrasonography. In conclusion, this study provides the normal features of anal sacs from dogs and cats on diagnostic imaging. Further studies including anal sac evaluation are expected to investigate disease conditions.

Penerapan Pembelajaran Model Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair-Share Dalam Materi Usaha Dan Energi Ditinjau Dari Gender Siswa Kelas Xi Ipa Sma Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang

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Ira Nofita Sari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi ditinjau dari gender siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar siswa laki-laki dan hasil belajar siswa perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan bentuk penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan adalah Pre-Eksperimental Designs dengan rancangan penelitian The One-Shot Case Study.Sampel yang digunakan ialah kelas XI IPA 1 yang diambil secara purposive sampling.. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pengukuran dengan alat pengumpul data berupa tes yang berbentuk essay. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: (1 Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa laki-laki yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang mencapai KKM (72 dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,715 > 0,05. (2 Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa perempuan yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang mencapai KKM (72 dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,185 > 0,05. (3 Terdapat perbedaan antara rata-rata hasil belajar siswa laki-laki dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa perempuan yang diajarkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Share dalam materi usaha dan energi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Ambawang dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi 5% (0,101 > 0,05.

A Demonstration of the System Assessment Capability (SAC) Rev. 1 Software for the Hanford Remediation Assessment Project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eslinger, Paul W.; Kincaid, Charles T.; Nichols, William E.; Wurstner, Signe K.

2006-01-01

The System Assessment Capability (SAC) is a suite of interrelated computer codes that provides the capability to conduct large-scale environmental assessments on the Hanford Site. Developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the Department of Energy, SAC models the fate and transport of radioactive and chemical contaminants, starting with the inventory of those contaminants in waste sites, simulating transport through the environment, and continuing on through impacts to the environment and humans. Separate modules in the SAC address inventory, release from waste forms, water flow and mass transport in the vadose zone, water flow and mass transport in the groundwater, water flow and mass transport in the Columbia River, air transport, and human and ecological impacts. The SAC supports deterministic analyses as well as stochastic analyses using a Monte Carlo approach, enabling SAC users to examine the effect of uncertainties in a number of key parameters. The initial assessment performed with the SAC software identified a number of areas where both the software and the analysis approach could be improved. Since that time the following six major software upgrades have been made: (1) An air pathway model was added to support all-pathway analyses. (2) Models for releases from glass waste forms, buried graphite reactor cores, and buried naval reactor compartments were added. (3) An air-water dual-phase model was added to more accurately track the movement of volatile contaminants in the vadose zone. (4) The ability to run analyses was extended from 1,000 years to 10,000 years or longer after site closure. (5) The vadose zone flow and transport model was upgraded to support two-dimensional or three-dimensional analyses. (6) The ecological model and human risk models were upgraded so the concentrations of contaminants in food products consumed by humans are produced by the ecological model. This report documents the functions in the SAC software and provides a

A Demonstration of the System Assessment Capability (SAC) Rev. 1 Software for the Hanford Remediation Assessment Project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eslinger, Paul W.; Kincaid, Charles T.; Nichols, William E.; Wurstner, Signe K.

2006-11-06

The System Assessment Capability (SAC) is a suite of interrelated computer codes that provides the capability to conduct large-scale environmental assessments on the Hanford Site. Developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the Department of Energy, SAC models the fate and transport of radioactive and chemical contaminants, starting with the inventory of those contaminants in waste sites, simulating transport through the environment, and continuing on through impacts to the environment and humans. Separate modules in the SAC address inventory, release from waste forms, water flow and mass transport in the vadose zone, water flow and mass transport in the groundwater, water flow and mass transport in the Columbia River, air transport, and human and ecological impacts. The SAC supports deterministic analyses as well as stochastic analyses using a Monte Carlo approach, enabling SAC users to examine the effect of uncertainties in a number of key parameters. The initial assessment performed with the SAC software identified a number of areas where both the software and the analysis approach could be improved. Since that time the following six major software upgrades have been made: (1) An air pathway model was added to support all-pathway analyses. (2) Models for releases from glass waste forms, buried graphite reactor cores, and buried naval reactor compartments were added. (3) An air-water dual-phase model was added to more accurately track the movement of volatile contaminants in the vadose zone. (4) The ability to run analyses was extended from 1,000 years to 10,000 years or longer after site closure. (5) The vadose zone flow and transport model was upgraded to support two-dimensional or three-dimensional analyses. (6) The ecological model and human risk models were upgraded so the concentrations of contaminants in food products consumed by humans are produced by the ecological model. This report documents the functions in the SAC software and provides a

Dynamical analysis and development of a biologically inspired SMA caterpillar robot.

Science.gov (United States)

Daily-Diamond, Christopher A; Novelia, Alyssa; O'Reilly, Oliver M

2017-09-26

With the goal of robustly designing and fabricating a soft robot based on a caterpillar featuring shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, analytical and numerical models for a soft robot were created based on the forward crawling motion of the Manduca sexta caterpillar. The analytical model features a rod theory and the mechanics of undulation were analyzed using a motion pattern based on the 'Witch of Agnesi' curve. Complementing these models, experiments on a SMA actuator sample were performed in order to determine its flexural rigidity and curvature as a function of the actuation voltage. A series of these actuators can be modeled as a system of rigid bodies connected by torsional springs. As these bodies are actuated according to the motion pattern based on the individual caterpillar segments, ground contact forces are calculated and analyzed to determine the requirements of successful forward locomotion. The energetics of the analytical and numerical models are then compared and discussed.

KEEFEKTIFAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI UNTUK MENURUNKAN STRES AKADEMIK SISWA SMA

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Suyono Suyono

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract: This study aims at examining the effectiveness of relaxation techniques to release students’stress and tension regarding academic within Senior High School Assádah in Gresik City. This study employed quasi-experiment design using one group pretest-posttest model. The data of this study were obtained through academic stress inventory to attain a depiction of stress level encountered by the subject. The subjects of this study were seven students of Tenth Graders in SMA Assaadah Bungah Gresik who experienced low to average stress regarding exam preparation. The data were, then, analyzed by using Wilcoxon Statistic Analysis. The result of the study indicated that relaxation technique could lower and release the level of students stress in exam preparation. Key Words: relaxation technique, student academic stress   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menguji keefektifan teknik relaksasi untuk menurunkan stres akademik siswa SMA Ass’adah di Kota Gresik dengan menggunakan rancangan kuasi eksperimen dengan model “one group pretest posttest design. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan inventori stres akademik tujuannya untuk memperoleh gambaran tingkat stres akademik pada subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa yang mengalami stres akademik sedang dan rendah  dalam menghadapi ujian berjumlah 7 orang siswa pada kelas X SMA Assaadah Bungah Gresik. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakanan analisis statistic Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan tingkat stres akademik menjelang ujian sesudah subjek mendapatkan layanan dengan teknik  relaksasi. Kata kunci: Teknik relaksasi, stres akademik siswa

Functional blood flow patterns of the endolymphatic sac in the rat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Friis, Morten; Qvortrup, Klaus

2008-01-01

Conclusion. Visualization of the endolymphatic sac vascular network under video fluorescence microscopy showed a typical microvascular organization. The microvascular arrangement and the microcirculation may reflect a functional state of the endolymphatic sac. Damage or change of the blood circul...... sac served as return paths for the microcirculation. The blood flow pattern was highly variable between rats.......Conclusion. Visualization of the endolymphatic sac vascular network under video fluorescence microscopy showed a typical microvascular organization. The microvascular arrangement and the microcirculation may reflect a functional state of the endolymphatic sac. Damage or change of the blood...

National education ideology as the orientation of the school culture development policy at SMA N 1 and SMA N 3 Yogyakarta

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Lusila Andriani Purwastuti

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This study aimed at describing the national education ideology as the orientation of the school culture development policy at SMA N 1 and SMAN 3 Yogyakarta. This research employed the qualitative approach through ethnography method. The subjects of the research were the school community. The object was the implementation of Pancasila on the development of the school culture. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data were analyzed using ethnography analysis as suggested by Spradley and they were validated by data triangulation and member checks. The results show that the national education ideology as the orientation of the school culture development is understood: (1 as an open ideology; (2 implemented on the basis value; instrumental values; the value of practices in the school culture; (3 The school culture in SMA N 1 and SMA N 3 is the implementation and contextualization of the values of Pancasila, along with the uniqueness of SMA N 1 with its “Teladan” icon which represents the religious morality and intellectual, as well as at SMA N 3 with its “Padmanaba” icon representing noble behavior. (4  Both schools have developed the school culture, namely: religious morality, social-culture, intellectual, and environment/management/leadership.

Benign mixed tumor of the lacrimal sac

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Jong-Suk Lee

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Neoplasms of the lacrimal drainage system are uncommon, but potentially life-threatening and are often difficult to diagnose. Among primary lacrimal sac tumors, benign mixed tumors are extremely rare. Histologically, benign mixed tumors have been classified as a type of benign epithelial tumor. Here we report a case of benign mixed tumor of the lacrimal sac.

Dynamics study of free volume properties of SMA/SMMA blends by PAL method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang, Z.Y.; Jiang, X.Q.; Huang, Y.J.; Lin, J.; Li, S.M.; Li, S.Z.; Hsia, Y.F.

2006-01-01

Miscibility of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (containing 7 wt% maleic anhydride)/poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (containing 40 wt% styrene) blends were previously studied. It was obtained that SMA70 (containing 70 wt% of SMA in SMA/SMMA blends) is miscible in molecular level but SMA20 is not. In this paper, the two blends selected were used to investigate the temperature dependence of free volume parameters. It showed there are different deviations of free volume parameters in SMA20 and SMA70, and it was interesting that temperature dependence of ortho-positronium lifetime τ 3 of the SMA20 mixture exhibits two breaks in the range temperature from 90 deg. C to 120 deg. C, which revealed that the mixture has two glass transition ranges. Also, ortho-positronium lifetime τ 3 of the SMA20 mixture is nearly constant in the temperature range from 130 deg. C to 160 deg. C. These indicated that SMA20 blend is phase-separated in room temperature and become miscible above 130 deg. C, which may be due to steric hindrance effect of phenyl rings of SMMA and SMA. From the deviation of o-Ps lifetimes of SMA70, the single glass transition temperature of SMA70 blend was shown. Combining the previous study, it was further concluded that PAL method seems to be a powerful method to detect in situ phase behavior of immiscible polymer blends and glass transition of miscible polymer blends

Adaptive and energy efficient SMA-based handling systems

Science.gov (United States)

Motzki, P.; Kunze, J.; Holz, B.; York, A.; Seelecke, S.

2015-04-01

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA's) are known as actuators with very high energy density. This fact allows for the construction of very light weight and energy-efficient systems. In the field of material handling and automated assembly process, the avoidance of big moments of inertia in robots and kinematic units is essential. High inertial forces require bigger and stronger robot actuators and thus higher energy consumption and costs. For material handling in assembly processes, many different individual grippers for various work piece geometries are used. If one robot has to handle different work pieces, the gripper has to be exchanged and the assembly process is interrupted, which results in higher costs. In this paper, the advantages of using high energy density Shape Memory Alloy actuators in applications of material-handling and gripping-technology are explored. In particular, light-weight SMA actuated prototypes of an adaptive end-effector and a vacuum-gripper are constructed via rapid-prototyping and evaluated. The adaptive end-effector can change its configuration according to the work piece geometry and allows the handling of multiple different shaped objects without exchanging gripper tooling. SMA wires are used to move four independent arms, each arm adds one degree of freedom to the kinematic unit. At the tips of these end-effector arms, SMA-activated suction cups can be installed. The suction cup prototypes are developed separately. The flexible membranes of these suction cups are pulled up by SMA wires and thus a vacuum is created between the membrane and the work piece surface. The self-sensing ability of the SMA wires are used in both prototypes for monitoring their actuation.

Energy-dissipating and self-repairing SMA-ECC composite material system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Xiaopeng; Li, Mo; Song, Gangbing

2015-01-01

Structural component ductility and energy dissipation capacity are crucial factors for achieving reinforced concrete structures more resistant to dynamic loading such as earthquakes. Furthermore, limiting post-event residual damage and deformation allows for immediate re-operation or minimal repairs. These desirable characteristics for structural ‘resilience’, however, present significant challenges due to the brittle nature of concrete, its deformation incompatibility with ductile steel, and the plastic yielding of steel reinforcement. Here, we developed a new composite material system that integrates the unique ductile feature of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) with superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA). In contrast to steel reinforced concrete (RC) and SMA reinforced concrete (SMA-RC), the SMA-ECC beams studied in this research exhibited extraordinary energy dissipation capacity, minimal residual deformation, and full self-recovery of damage under cyclic flexural loading. We found that the tensile strain capacity of ECC, tailored up to 5.5% in this study, allows it to work compatibly with superelastic SMA. Furthermore, the distributed microcracking damage mechanism in ECC is critical for sufficient and reliable recovery of damage upon unloading. This research demonstrates the potential of SMA-ECC for improving resilience of concrete structures under extreme hazard events. (paper)

KEMAMPUAN PROFESIONAL GURU BIOLOGI DALAM MEMAHAMI DAN MERANCANG MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONSERVASI BIODIVERSITAS DI SMA

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Suroso Mukti Leksono

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penguasaan konsep konservasi biodiversitas guru biologi dan cara mengajarkannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan angket pada 31 guru SMA/MA di Kota/Kab Serang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52% guru telah memahami konsep biodiversitas, namun hanya 3% yang memahami konsep konservasi. Model yang digunakan guru dalam mengajarkan konservasi biodiversitas, 58% menggunakan observasi, 45% diskusi, 23% ceramah dan 16% tanya jawab. Untuk tingkat kesukaran, 87% guru beranggapan mudah memahami materi konservasi biodiversitas dan 81% beranggapan mudah mengajarkannya dibandingkan dengan materi IPA lainnya. Guru-guru selama ini hanya 6% saja yang memperoleh pengetahuan tentang konservasi biodiversitas pada saat pelatihan. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan pelatihan-pelatihan melalui Continuing Professional Development (CPD. Kata Kunci: guru profesional, konservasi biodiversitas, continuing professional development (CPD BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL ABILITY IN UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING INSTRUCTION ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN SMA Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain the knowledge about biology teachers’ concept mastery on biodiversity conservation as well as how to teach it. This study used descriptive methods with the questionnaires to 31 respondents of SMA/MA in Kota/KabSerang. The research result showed that 52% respondents had mastered the biodiversity concept. However, only 3% of respondents had fully mastered biodiversity conservation. In addition, for the teaching methods 58% respondents used observation, 45% respondents used discussion, 23% respondents used lecturing and 16% respondents used an interactive method. Moreover, for the difficulty level, 87% of respondents argued that it was easy to master the biodiversity conservation materials and 81% said that it was easier to teach the concept than other concepts. Only 6% of the teachers had gained

Efficiency of lachrymal sac drainage in newborns with dacryocystocele

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Sakovich V.N.

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article represents results of treatment of 14 newborns with unilateral dacryocystocele. Patients age was 7.2±0.5 days. In 9 newborns (64.3% dacryocystocele was complicated with lachrymal sac phlegmon; in 5 children (35.7% any complications were absent. Drainage of lachrymal sac through the lower lachrymal canaliculus, instillation of antibiotics, systemic antibiotic therapy in case of phlegmon were performed in all the children. Lachrymal sac washing was performed with a solution of the antibiotic ofloxacin till clear fluid evacuation. If necessary the drainage was repeated in 10 days. The drainage of lachrymal sac was successful in all the patients. 2-3 weeks after the drainage probing of nasolachrymal duct was perfomed in 4 children (28.6% including those 3 with lacrymal sac phlegmon. In 71.4% regression of dacryocystocele occurred itself. Any complications and side effects were not observed. Positive effect of the drainage, according to the authors, can be explained so that dilatation of lachrymal canaliculus before the procedure allows to eliminate Rosenmьller valve stenosis and evacuation of fluid, mucus and pus, being breeding ground for microorganisms from lachrymal sac, promotes inflammation subsiding. Authors also recommend to pay attention on prenatal diagnosis of dacryocystocele, using ultrasound investigation in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

Analisis pengelolaan peralatan praktikum fisika kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta menggunakan model countenance stake

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Hanin Fathan Nurfina Istiqomah

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketersediaan dan pengelolaan peralatan praktikum serta mengetahui hasil dari pengelolaan dan penggunaan peralatan praktikum fisika kelas XI di laboratorium fisika SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evalusi model countenance stake. Subjek penelitian meliputi penanggungjawab laboratorium fisika, guru, laboran, dan siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada akhir pelaksanaan praktikum pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015-2016. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara terstruktur, pengamatan (observasi, angket, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan peralatan praktikum (masukan [antecedents] yang terdiri dari sarana, prasarana dan alat praktikum tersedia sangat baik dengan persentase sebesar 78,16%. Pengelolaan laboratorium fisika (proses [transaction] yang terdiri dari persiapan pelaksanaan praktikum; kesiapan siswa, guru, laboran; dan pelaksanaan praktikum mendapatkan hasil sangat baik dengan persentase sebesar 81,78%. Hasil yang diperoleh (outcomes dari ketersediaan dan pengelolaan peralatan praktikum di laboratorium fisika termasuk kategori baik (B+ dengan pencapaian Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM 100% dari total 233 siswa kelas XI MIA (Matematika dan Ilmu Alam dan beberapa siswa berhasil meraih juara 1 Olimpiade Fisika. This research is aimed to know the availability, management of the laboratory equipment’s and also the result of maintaining and using physics laboratory equipment’s in 11th class of MIA SMA 1 Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. And this evaluation research used “countenance stake” approach, hence, such as the objects of it is the physics laboratory care taker, teachers, laboratory assistant, and the students. This research was conducted in the last meeting of practicum on last semester 2015-2016 periods. The data was assembled by interview, observation, questionnaire and documentation. The result of this

Perbedaan hasil belajar fisika siswa antara model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL dengan model pembelajaran Prediction, Observation, and Explanation (POE di kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau

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Tri Ariani

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa antara Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL dengan Model Pembelajaran Prediction, Observation, And Explanation (POE di Kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen semu yang dilaksanakan dengan membandingkan kelompok eksperimen I dan kelompok eksperimen II desain penelitian  ini pre-test post-test group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016, yang terdiri dari 314 siswa dari 9 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak (Simple Random Sampling dengan cara pengundian nomor kelas populasi. Pengumpulan data berupa tes, data tes yang sudah dianalisis dengan uji-t, pada taraf  a= 0,05, diperoleh thitung > ttabel (2,17 > 2,00. Rata-rata akhir hasil belajar fisika kelas eksperimen I sebesar 73,4 sedangkan pada kelas kelas eksperimen II  sebesar 69,14. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa antara Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL Dengan Model Pembelajaran Prediction, Observation, And Explanation (POE Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. The aim of this research was to find out the Comparative Results Between Students Studying Physics Learning Model Problem Based Learning (PBL with Learning Model Prediction, Observation, And Explanation (POE in the Class X SMAN 5 Lubuklinggau 2015/2016 Academic Year . This research was a quantitative research methods of experimental research conducted by comparing the experimental group I and group II experimental research design was a pre-test post-test group design. As the population in this research were all students of class X SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau Academic Year 2015/2016, consisting of 314 students from the ninth grade. Sampling is done randomly (Simple Random Sampling by

Numerical tool for SMA material simulation: application to composite structure design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chemisky, Yves; Tahiri, Vanessa; Duval, Arnaud; Piotrowski, Boris; Ben Zineb, Tarak; Patoor, Etienne

2009-01-01

Composite materials based on shape memory alloys (SMA) have received growing attention over these last few years. In this paper, two particular morphologies of composites are studied. The first one is an SMA/elastomer composite in which a snake-like wire NiTi SMA is embedded into an elastomer ribbon. The second one is a commercial Ni 47 Ti 44 Nb 9 which presents elastic–plastic inclusions in an NiTi SMA matrix. In both cases, the design of such composites required the development of an SMA design tool, based on a macroscopic 3D constitutive law for NiTi alloys. Two different strategies are then applied to compute these composite behaviors. For the SMA/elastomer composite, the macroscopic behavior law is implemented in commercial FEM software, and for the Ni 47 Ti 44 Nb 9 a scale transition approach based on the Mori–Tanaka scheme is developed. In both cases, simulations are compared to experimental data

Characterization and modeling of three-dimensional self-healing shape memory alloy-reinforced metal-matrix composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manuel, Michele Viola [University of Florida, Gainesville; Zhu, Pingping [Northwestern University, Evanston; Newman, John A. [NASA Langely Research Center (LaRC), Virginia; Wright, M Clara [NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL; Brinson, L Catherine [Northwestern University, Evanston; Kesler, Michael S. [ORNL

2016-09-10

In this paper, three-dimensional metal-matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are modeled and simulated, by adopting an SMA constitutive model accounting for elastic deformation, phase transformation and plastic behavior. A modeling method to create composites with pre-strained SMA wires is also proposed to improve the self-healing ability. Experimental validation is provided with a composite under three-point bending. This modeling method is applied in a series of finite element simulations to investigate the self-healing effects in pre-cracked composites, especially the role of the SMA reinforcement, the softening property of the matrix, and the effect of pre-strain in the SMA. The results demonstrate that SMA reinforcements provide stronger shape recovery ability than other, non-transforming materials. The softening property of the metallic matrix and the pre-strain in SMA are also beneficial to help crack closure and healing. This modeling approach can serve as an efficient tool to design SMA-reinforced MMCs with optimal self-healing properties that have potential applications in components needing a high level of reliability.

How crucial is it to account for the antecedent moisture conditions in flood forecasting? Comparison of event-based and continuous approaches on 178 catchments

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L. Berthet

2009-06-01

Full Text Available This paper compares event-based and continuous hydrological modelling approaches for real-time forecasting of river flows. Both approaches are compared using a lumped hydrologic model (whose structure includes a soil moisture accounting (SMA store and a routing store on a data set of 178 French catchments. The main focus of this study was to investigate the actual impact of soil moisture initial conditions on the performance of flood forecasting models and the possible compensations with updating techniques. The rainfall-runoff model assimilation technique we used does not impact the SMA component of the model but only its routing part. Tests were made by running the SMA store continuously or on event basis, everything else being equal. The results show that the continuous approach remains the reference to ensure good forecasting performances. We show, however, that the possibility to assimilate the last observed flow considerably reduces the differences in performance. Last, we present a robust alternative to initialize the SMA store where continuous approaches are impossible because of data availability problems.

(Liquid + liquid) equilibrium in binary systems of isomeric C8 aliphatic monoethers with acetonitrile and its interpretation by the COSMO-SAC model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reda, Mateusz; Ruszczyński, Łukasz; Gliński, Marek; Hofman, Tadeusz

2015-01-01

The (liquid + liquid) solubility curves have been determined by a synthetic method for six binary mixtures of [acetonitrile + {heptyl methyl ether CH 3 O n C 7 H 15 , or ethyl hexyl ether C 2 H 5 O n C 6 H 13 , or pentyl propyl ether n C 3 H 7 O n C 5 H 11 , or isopentyl propyl ether n C 3 H 7 O i C 5 H 11 , or dibutyl ether n C 4 H 9 O n C 4 H 9 , or butyl isobutyl ether n C 4 H 9 O i C 4 H 9 }]. The possibility of the COSMO-SAC model to account for the thermodynamic differences between these systems has been tested and the discussion on the influence of screening charge of ethers on the system properties was undertaken

Fabricating Composite-Material Structures Containing SMA Ribbons

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, Travis L.; Cano, Roberto J.; Lach, Cynthia L.

2003-01-01

An improved method of designing and fabricating laminated composite-material (matrix/fiber) structures containing embedded shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuators has been devised. Structures made by this method have repeatable, predictable properties, and fabrication processes can readily be automated. Such structures, denoted as shape-memory-alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures, have been investigated for their potential to satisfy requirements to control the shapes or thermoelastic responses of themselves or of other structures into which they might be incorporated, or to control noise and vibrations. Much of the prior work on SMAHC structures has involved the use SMA wires embedded within matrices or within sleeves through parent structures. The disadvantages of using SMA wires as the embedded actuators include (1) complexity of fabrication procedures because of the relatively large numbers of actuators usually needed; (2) sensitivity to actuator/ matrix interface flaws because voids can be of significant size, relative to wires; (3) relatively high rates of breakage of actuators during curing of matrix materials because of sensitivity to stress concentrations at mechanical restraints; and (4) difficulty of achieving desirable overall volume fractions of SMA wires when trying to optimize the integration of the wires by placing them in selected layers only.

KESULITAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH FISIKA PADA SISWA SMA

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Rismatul Azizah

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi kesulitan pemecahan masalah fisika pada siswa SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan menyebarkan angket. Responden terdiri dari 120 siswa yang berasal dari 3 sekolah yaitu, SMA Negeri 1 Bangil, SMA Negeri 8 Malang, dan SMA YADIKA Bangil. Dilakukan pula wawancara pada beberapa guru dan siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penyebaran angket, diperoleh 26% siswa mengalami kesulitan pada materi Suhu dan Kalor, 25% Optik, 21% Fluida Statik, 17% Elastisitas dan Hukum Hooke, dan 11% Kinematika. Kesulitan tersebut salah satunya disebabkan pembelajaran bagi siswa yang kurang maksimal dalam bentuk hands on activity. Sebanyak 88% siswa mengatakan bahwa pembelajaran fisika yang sering dialami adalah dengan metode ceramah. Siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar fisika dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pada soal sebesar 32%, kesulitan memahami konsep dan rumus 26%, kesulitan menggunakan persamaan atau rumus dalam soal 18%, kesulitan menganalisis grafik dan gambar 17%, dan kesulitan menyimpulkan materi yang telah dipelajari 7%. Kesulitan tersebut terlihat ketika siswa memecahkan permasalahan pada soal kinematika serta suhu dan kalor. Diperoleh dari hasil angket, bahwa 76% siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memecahkan permasalahan pada soal dengan alasan lupa atau tidak paham, sebesar 19% siswa kurang memahami solusi pemecahan masalah pada soal, dan hanya sebesar 5% siswa mampu memecahkan permasalahan pada soal.

SAC-C Mission and the Morning Constellation

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Colomb, F. R.; Alonso, C.; Hofmann, C.; Frulla, L.; Nollmann, I.; Milovich, J.; Kuba, J.; Ares, F.; Kalemkarian, M.

2002-01-01

components (ICARE), provided by CNES will permit improvement of risk estimation models for radiation effect on last generation integrated circuit technology. . On June 14th, 2000 CONAE and NASA signed an amendment to the Memorandum of Understanding for the SAC-C mission in order that the SAC-C satellite, were included in a constellation - named "Morning Constellation". It is integrated by USA satellites Landsat 7, EO 1, Terra, and Argentine SAC-C that feature on-board instruments from the United States, Argentina, Denmark, Italy, France, and Japan. The four satellite tracks on the Earth's surface are the same, their orbital height being 705 km and their inclination, 98.21 degrees. They cross the Equator at 10:00, 10:01, 10:15, and 10:30 hours, respectively (local time). Satellites comply with the World Wide Reference System. The Constellation has been working since March 2001 as a single mission and several cooperative activities have been undertaken and will be presented in this paper. Several jointly sponsored technical workshops have been held, and also collaborative spacecraft navigation experiments have been made. One of the objectives of the AM Constellation is the collaboration in the case of emergencies, NASA and CONAE agreed to give preference in those situation in the planification of their satellite acquisitions. From all the possible hazardous events, the most important for the country are fire and floods. In relation to fires, CONAE is presently adapting and developing the algorithms for using MODIS data to generate a fire map product. Additionally research on fire detection is carried out using the data from the HSTC camera. In relation to flooding, CONAE works in cooperation to national institutions providing the data and, in some cases, producing flood extent maps. In particular MMRS data is demonstrating to be very effective due to its spectral and radiometric resolutions, and its large swath which is well suited for extended countries like Argentina.

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-Based Launch Lock

Science.gov (United States)

Badescu, Mircea; Bao, Xiaoqi; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph

2014-01-01

Most NASA missions require the use of a launch lock for securing moving components during the launch or securing the payload before release. A launch lock is a device used to prevent unwanted motion and secure the controlled components. The current launch locks are based on pyrotechnic, electro mechanically or NiTi driven pin pullers and they are mostly one time use mechanisms that are usually bulky and involve a relatively high mass. Generally, the use of piezoelectric actuation provides high precession nanometer accuracy but it relies on friction to generate displacement. During launch, the generated vibrations can release the normal force between the actuator components allowing shaft's free motion which could result in damage to the actuated structures or instruments. This problem is common to other linear actuators that consist of a ball screw mechanism. The authors are exploring the development of a novel launch lock mechanism that is activated by a shape memory alloy (SMA) material ring, a rigid element and an SMA ring holding flexure. The proposed design and analytical model will be described and discussed in this paper.

Ventilation patterns of the songbird lung/air sac system during different behaviors.

Science.gov (United States)

Mackelprang, Rebecca; Goller, Franz

2013-10-01

Unidirectional, continuous airflow through the avian lung is achieved through an elaborate air sac system with a sequential, posterior to anterior ventilation pattern. This classical model was established through various approaches spanning passively ventilated systems to mass spectrometry analysis of tracer gas flow into various air sacs during spontaneous breathing in restrained ducks. Information on flow patterns in other bird taxa is missing, and these techniques do not permit direct tests of whether the basic flow pattern can change during different behaviors. Here we use thermistors implanted into various locations of the respiratory system to detect small pulses of tracer gas (helium) to reconstruct airflow patterns in quietly breathing and behaving (calling, wing flapping) songbirds (zebra finch and yellow-headed blackbird). The results illustrate that the basic pattern of airflow in these two species is largely consistent with the model. However, two notable differences emerged. First, some tracer gas arrived in the anterior set of air sacs during the inspiration during which it was inhaled, suggesting a more rapid throughput through the lung than previously assumed. Second, differences in ventilation between the two anterior air sacs emerged during calling and wing flapping, indicating that adjustments in the flow pattern occur during dynamic behaviors. It is unclear whether this modulation in ventilation pattern is passive or active. This technique for studying ventilation patterns during dynamic behaviors proves useful for establishing detailed timing of airflow and modulation of ventilation in the avian respiratory system.

An inguinal hernia sac tumor of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma origin

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Yamazaki Hidehiro

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Metastatic hernia sac tumor from biliary malignancy is extremely rare with only one such case previously reported. We herein report an additional case of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma presenting as a hernia sac tumor. Case presentation A 78-year-old man presented with an irreducible right inguinal hernia associated with a firm tumor, 2.0 cm in diameter. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a soft tissue density mass with heterogeneous enhancement within the right inguinal canal. The patient underwent a hernia repair and the hernia sac tumor was resected. Histological examination of the tumor revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma suggesting the tumor was of pancreato-biliary origin. Further investigation using imaging studies disclosed a primary tumor in the upper bile duct. The patient died of the disease nine months after the resection. Conclusion Hernia sac tumors should be considered when an irreducible, growing mass appears within an inguinal hernia. Computed tomography may be useful for the early detection of hernia sac tumors from undiagnosed intra-abdominal malignancies.

Aquarius and the Aquarius/SAC-D Mission

Science.gov (United States)

LeVine, D. M.; Lagerloef, G. S. E.; Torrusio, S.

2010-01-01

Aquarius is a combination L-band radiometer and scatterometer designed to map the salinity field at the ocean surface from space. It will be flown on the Aquarius/SAC-D mission, a partnership between the USA space agency (NASA) and Argentine space agency (CONAE). The mission is composed of two parts: (a) The Aquarius instrument being developed as part of NASA.s Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program; and (b) SAC-D the fourth spacecraft service platform in the CONAE Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas (SAC) program. The primary focus of the mission is to monitor the seasonal and interannual variations of the salinity field in the open ocean. The mission also meets the needs of the Argentine space program for monitoring the environment and for hazard detection and includes several instruments related to these goals.

The PIKfyve–ArPIKfyve–Sac3 triad in human breast cancer: Functional link between elevated Sac3 phosphatase and enhanced proliferation of triple negative cell lines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikonomov, Ognian C.; Filios, Catherine; Sbrissa, Diego; Chen, Xuequn; Shisheva, Assia

2013-01-01

Highlights: •We assess PAS complex proteins and phosphoinositide levels in breast cancer cells. •Sac3 and ArPIKfyve are markedly elevated in triple-negative breast cancer cells. •Sac3 silencing inhibits proliferation in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. •Phosphoinositide profiles are altered in breast cancer cells. •This is the first evidence linking high Sac3 with breast cancer cell proliferation. -- Abstract: The phosphoinositide 5-kinase PIKfyve and 5-phosphatase Sac3 are scaffolded by ArPIKfyve in the PIKfyve–ArPIKfyve–Sac3 (PAS) regulatory complex to trigger a unique loop of PtdIns3P–PtdIns(3,5)P 2 synthesis and turnover. Whereas the metabolizing enzymes of the other 3-phosphoinositides have already been implicated in breast cancer, the role of the PAS proteins and the PtdIns3P–PtdIns(3,5)P 2 conversion is unknown. To begin elucidating their roles, in this study we monitored the endogenous levels of the PAS complex proteins in cell lines derived from hormone-receptor positive (MCF7 and T47D) or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) (BT20, BT549 and MDA-MB-231) as well as in MCF10A cells derived from non-tumorigenic mastectomy. We report profound upregulation of Sac3 and ArPIKfyve in the triple negative vs. hormone-sensitive breast cancer or non-tumorigenic cells, with BT cell lines showing the highest levels. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sac3, but not that of PIKfyve, significantly inhibited proliferation of BT20 and BT549 cells. In these cells, knockdown of ArPIKfyve had only a minor effect, consistent with a primary role for Sac3 in TNBC cell proliferation. Intriguingly, steady-state levels of PtdIns(3,5)P 2 in BT20 and T47D cells were similar despite the 6-fold difference in Sac3 levels between these cell lines. However, steady-state levels of PtdIns3P and PtdIns5P, both regulated by the PAS complex, were significantly reduced in BT20 vs. T47D or MCF10A cell lines, consistent with elevated Sac3 affecting directly or indirectly the

Pemanfaatan Informasi Olahraga di Media Massa Cetak oleh Guru Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan di SMA 5, SMA 6, SMA 11 Semarang

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Muhaimin Muhaimin

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Utilization of information in mass media print by master of physical education and health in physical education and health in SMA 5, SMA 6, SMA 11 Semarang. The presence of print media is now a community needs. That's because, the print media presents a variety of information including information of actual politics, culture, economy, crime, entertainment, and sports. Basically, sports information in the print media have educational value and can add insight to a reading of new knowledge. The study produced these findings: (1 third physical education and health teacher at school who becomes the object research have made use of sports information in the print media to support the success of teaching and learning process, (2 the type of information they use to support the success of learning teaching is a form of news, articles about health, (3 form of utilization is appropriate to set clipping and through direct delivery of the material in the field while providing practice in the field. This method is considered more effective because all students can immediately practice, (4 sports information in the print media meets the needs of teachers and physical health education in supporting the learning process.

Faktor Penghambat Operasionalisasi Kunjungan Rumah di SMA Negeri se-Kota Semarang

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Juwita Nasruddin

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Penelitian dilaksanakan berdasarkan fenomena di lapangan pada saat penulis melaksanakan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL di SMP Negeri 8 Semarang dan observasi awal di SMA Negeri 8 Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apa faktor penghambat operasionalisasi Home Visit di SMA Negeri se-kota Semarang tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu jenis penelitian survei. Untuk populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua guru BK di SMA se-kota Semarang yaitu sejumlah 59 guru BK. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sejumlah populasi yang ada. Sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan angket. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif persentase. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa faktor penghambat operasionalisasi Home Visit di SMA Negeri se-kota Semarang mengalami hambatan cukup tinggi dengan presentase sebesar 65,03%. Simpulan yang didapatkan adalah Faktor Penghambat Operasionalisasi Kunjungan Rumah (Home visit di SMA Negeri se-kota Semarang adalah kurangnya pemahaman dari guru BK berkaitan dengan Home Visit. Adapun saran yang diberikan kepada guru BK SMA Negeri se-kota Semarang adalah untuk mempelajari hakikat Home Visit dan melaksanakan prosedur operasionalisasi Home Visit dengan baik dan benar dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, analisis evaluasi, tindak lanjut hingga laporan. The research was conducted based on the phenomenon on the ground when implementing writer Practice Field Experience (PPL in SMPN 8 Semarang and preliminary observations in SMAN 8 Semarang. The purpose of this study to determine what factors inhibiting the operation of the Home Visit at all SMA Negeri in Semarang throughout the academic year 2014/2015. The type research used by the writer in this study is a survey research. The population in this study were all counselors at SMA in Semarang city. There were 59 counselors. The sample used were as many as the population

Confinement of NORMAL- AND HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Spirals

Science.gov (United States)

Gholampour, A.; Ozbakkaloglu, T.

2018-01-01

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the axial compressive behaviour of normal- and high-strength concrete (NSC and HSC) confined by shape memory alloy (SMA) spirals. A spiral pitch space of 36 and 20 mm was used for SMA confinement of NSC and HSC columns, respectively. The confining pressure was applied on the concrete cylinders by SMA spirals that were prestrained at 0, 5.5, and 9.5%. The compression test results on the SMA-confined specimens indicate that the prestrain level of SMA significantly affects the axial compressive behaviour of both NSC and HSC. An increase in the level of prestrain leads to an increase in the peak axial stress and corresponding strain of SMA-confined concrete.

Experimental characterization of self-sensing SMA actuators under controlled convective cooling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lewis, N; York, A; Seelecke, S

2013-01-01

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are attractive for actuation systems due to their high energy density, light weight and silent operation. In addition, they feature self-sensing capabilities by relating electrical resistance measurements to strain changes. In real world applications SMAs typically operate in non-ambient air and it is imperative to understand an actuator’s behavior under varying convective cooling conditions, especially for smaller diameter wires, where convective effects are amplified. This paper shows that the multi-functionality of SMA actuators can be further extended by related heating power to convective air speed. It investigates the relationship between the normalized excess power needed and corresponding airspeed under controlled, laminar airflow patterns in a small-scale wind tunnel. For each experiment, airflow through the wind tunnel, strain in the SMA wire, and power supplied to the SMA wire were controlled, while the stress and resistance of the wire were measured. The ability to understand and predict an SMA wire’s behavior under various external airflows will aid in the design and understanding of future SMA actuated structures, such as micro-air vehicles, and shows that SMAs can function as self-sensing actuators and airspeed sensors. (paper)

Surveillance Analysis Computer System (SACS) software requirements specification (SRS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glasscock, J.A.; Flanagan, M.J.

1995-09-01

This document is the primary document establishing requirements for the Surveillance Analysis Computer System (SACS) Database, an Impact Level 3Q system. The purpose is to provide the customer and the performing organization with the requirements for the SACS Project

Intra-gestational sac injection for tubal pregnancy: an interventional approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yitang; Sun Xiaobo; Xu Xiaojun; Zhang Feiyue; Wu Ke; Song Yingxin; Han Mingjun

2002-01-01

Objective: It's an investigation of the procedure, effects and clinical application of the interventional intra-gestational sac injection as a treatment of tubal pregnancy. Methods: Under DSA guidance a selective salpingography was performed and MTX was injected into the gestational sac or oviduct. The procedure was performed in 13 cases with oviductal pregnancy before the gestational sac ruptured. Results: Technical success was obtained in all cases. The serum HCG began to fall in 7 days after the procedure, and dropped to normal level in 2-4 weeks of the procedure. Conclusion: Interventional selective salpingography and intra-gestational sac injection is a simple, safe and effective treatment of the un-ruptured tubal pregnancy

Design optimization and uncertainty analysis of SMA morphing structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oehler, S D; Hartl, D J; Lopez, R; Malak, R J; Lagoudas, D C

2012-01-01

The continuing implementation of shape memory alloys (SMAs) as lightweight solid-state actuators in morphing structures has now motivated research into finding optimized designs for use in aerospace control systems. This work proposes methods that use iterative analysis techniques to determine optimized designs for morphing aerostructures and consider the impact of uncertainty in model variables on the solution. A combination of commercially available and custom coded tools is utilized. ModelCenter, a suite of optimization algorithms and simulation process management tools, is coupled with the Abaqus finite element analysis suite and a custom SMA constitutive model to assess morphing structure designs in an automated fashion. The chosen case study involves determining the optimized configuration of a morphing aerostructure assembly that includes SMA flexures. This is accomplished by altering design inputs representing the placement of active components to minimize a specified cost function. An uncertainty analysis is also conducted using design of experiment methods to determine the sensitivity of the solution to a set of uncertainty variables. This second study demonstrates the effective use of Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the variance of model variables representing the inherent uncertainty in component fabrication processes. This paper outlines the modeling tools used to execute each case study, details the procedures for constructing the optimization problem and uncertainty analysis, and highlights the results from both studies. (paper)

Development of the inverted visceral yolk sac in three species of caviids (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Caviidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Miglino, M A; Franciolli, A L R; de Oliveira, M F; Ambrósio, C E; Bonatelli, M; Machado, M R F; Mess, A

2008-08-01

Guinea pig related rodents possess numerous derived placental characters. We attempt to identify diversity within the visceral yolk sac and its association with the chorioallantoic placenta in three species of caviids, two of them possessing a capsule formed by the decidua that covers the chorioallantoic placenta. The results verify that in early pregnancy all three species have an inverted yolk sac placenta. In advanced pregnancy the species differ: Galea spixii, as representative without a capsule, bear a yolk sac in apposition to the chorioallantoic placenta with signs of exchange activity until term. Galea is similar to other caviomorphs in this respect. In Dasyprocta leporina and Cuniculus paca, the representatives possessing a capsule, the yolk sac endoderm lacks signs of substance exchange. Evidently, the presence of a capsule prevents such an interaction. The variations established here must be considered if animal models for human placentation are required which have restricted access to the chorioallantoic placenta from the outside.

[Lacrimal sac tumors presenting as lacrimal obstruction. Retrospective study in Mexican patients 2007-2012].

Science.gov (United States)

Coloma-González, I; Flores-Preciado, J; Ceriotto, A; Corredor-Casas, S; Salcedo-Casillas, G

2014-06-01

To determine the demographic and clinical data of primary tumors of the lacrimal sac presenting as lacrimal obstruction. Retrospective and descriptive study was conducted between the years 2007 to 2012 on all patients undergoing surgery for low lacrimal obstruction at Dr. Luis Sanchez Bulnes Hospital, an Association for the prevention of blindness in Mexico IAP. Primary tumors of the lacrimal sac represented 2.5% of all lacrimal obstructions, being more common in women than in men (8:1). The large majority (89%) of the cases were non-epithelial, with lymphoid lesions being the most frequent. Benign tumors were presented at a younger age (50 years old) than malignant (70 years old). One-third (33%) of cases were unexpected findings during surgery (100% benign). Just over half (55%) were malignant tumors (1.4% of obstructions), all of them lymphoproliferative lesions. The most frequent clinical tumor was in the inner edge, either with or without epiphora. The progression time varied according to the degree of aggressiveness of the lymphoma (3 months-10 years). Lacrimal sac tumors are rare, but they must be taken into account in patients with an unusual clinical presentation of lacrimal obstruction. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Analysis of the modifying influence of Plastin 3 (PLS3) on Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) by generation of transgenic mouse models

OpenAIRE

Ackermann, Bastian

2011-01-01

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of α-motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Depending on the severity, the clinical spectrum of SMA ranges from early infant death to normal adult life with only mild muscle weakness. To date, no cure is available. SMA is caused by the homozygous loss of the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1). Besides SMN1, another nearly identical copy of the gene is present in the human genome, thus called...

PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI ANTARA MODEL THINK-PAIR-SHARE DAN MODEL CONCEPT MAPPING PADA SISWA SMA 1 NGUTER SUKOHARJO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nina Mahardani

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Pemilihan model belajar yang tepat oleh guru dalam proses belajar mengajar mampu menciptakan suasana belajar yang efektif dan menyenangkan, serta dapat mempermudah siswa dalam menerima dan memahami materi yang dipelajari. Hal itu terlihat pada pencapaian hasil belajar yang berkualitas ditunjukkan dengan capaian nilai diatas standar ketuntasan. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran think pair share dan concept mapping. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 72 siswa kelas X SMA I Nguter Sukoharjo. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuisioner, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik deskriptif dengan analisis frekuensi dan uji statistik t tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan uji t diperoleh t hitung = 2.31 > t tabel = 1.99 yang berada pada daerah penolakan Ho untuk α = 5% dengan dk = 36+36-2 = 70. Disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran concept mapping lebih baik dibanding model pembelajaran think pair share dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Selection of an appropriate model of learning by the teacher in the learning process to create an effective learning environment and fun, and can facilitate students to receive and understand the material being studied. It was seen on achieving quality learning outcomes indicated by values ​​above performance standards mastery. One way that can be done by the teacher in learning is to apply a think pair share and concept mapping learning model. The sample for this study are 72 students grade ten in SMA 1 Nguter Sukoharjo . Data collection techniques were used questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this research were used descriptive statistical analysis of the frequency and statistical test by t test. Based on these results reveal differences, as shown by the t

The endolymphatic sac, a potential endocrine gland?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Qvortrup, K; Rostgaard, J; Holstein-Rathlou, N H

1999-01-01

A previous investigation indicated that the chief cells of the endolymphatic sac produce an endogenous inhibitor of sodium re-absorption in the kidneys, which has tentatively been named "saccin". In this study, the ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac and in particular the chief cells...... is described, demonstrating that this organ fulfils the morphological criteria of a potential endocrine gland. Accordingly, the chief cells are shown to exhibit all the organelles and characteristics of cells that simultaneously synthesize, secrete, absorb and digest proteins....

SMA Foils for MEMS: From Material Properties to the Engineering of Microdevices

Science.gov (United States)

Kohl, Manfred; Ossmer, Hinnerk; Gueltig, Marcel; Megnin, Christof

2018-03-01

In the early nineties, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has been still in its infancy. As silicon (Si) is not a transducer material, it was clear at the very beginning that mechanically active materials had to be introduced to MEMS in order to enable functional microdevices with actuation capability beyond electrostatics. At that time, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been available in bulk form, mainly as SMA wires and SMA plates. On the macro scale, these materials show highest work densities compared to other actuation principles in the order of 107 J/m3, which stimulated research on the integration of SMA to MEMS. Subsequently, two approaches for producing planar materials have been initiated (1) magnetron sputtering of SMA thin films and (2) the integration of rolled SMA foils, which both turned out to be very successful creating a paradigm change in microactuation technology. The following review covers important milestones of the research and development of SMA foil-based microactuators including materials characterization, design engineering, technology, and demonstrator development as well as first commercial products.

SMA Foils for MEMS: From Material Properties to the Engineering of Microdevices

Science.gov (United States)

Kohl, Manfred; Ossmer, Hinnerk; Gueltig, Marcel; Megnin, Christof

2017-12-01

In the early nineties, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has been still in its infancy. As silicon (Si) is not a transducer material, it was clear at the very beginning that mechanically active materials had to be introduced to MEMS in order to enable functional microdevices with actuation capability beyond electrostatics. At that time, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been available in bulk form, mainly as SMA wires and SMA plates. On the macro scale, these materials show highest work densities compared to other actuation principles in the order of 107 J/m3, which stimulated research on the integration of SMA to MEMS. Subsequently, two approaches for producing planar materials have been initiated (1) magnetron sputtering of SMA thin films and (2) the integration of rolled SMA foils, which both turned out to be very successful creating a paradigm change in microactuation technology. The following review covers important milestones of the research and development of SMA foil-based microactuators including materials characterization, design engineering, technology, and demonstrator development as well as first commercial products.

Investigations on Vibration Characteristics of Sma Embedded Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade

Science.gov (United States)

Jagadeesh, V.; Yuvaraja, M.; Chandhru, A.; Viswanathan, P.; Senthil kumar, M.

2018-02-01

Vibration induced in wind turbine blade is a solemn problem as it reduces the life of the blade and also it can create critical vibration onto the tower, which may cause serious damage to the tower. The aim of this paper is to investigate the vibration characteristics of the prototype horizontal axis wind turbine blade. Shape memory alloys (SMA), with its variable physical properties, provides an alternative actuating mechanism. Heating an SMA causes a change in the elastic modulus of the material and hence SMAs are used as a damping material. A prototype blade with S1223 profile has been manufactured and the natural frequency is found. The natural frequency is found by incorporating the single SMA wire of 0.5mm diameter over the surface of the blade for a length of 240 mm. Similarly, number of SMA wires over the blade is increased up to 3 and the natural frequency is found. Frequency responses showed that the embedment of SMA over the blade’s surface will increase the natural frequency and reduce the amplitude of vibration. This is because of super elastic nature of SMA. In this paper, when SMA wire of 0.5 mm diameter and of length of 720 mm is embedded on the blade, an increase in the natural frequency by 6.3% and reducing the amplitude by 64.8%. Results of the experimental modal and harmonic indicates the effectiveness of SMA as a passive vibration absorber and that it has potential as a modest and high-performance method for controlling vibration of the blade.

[Observation on alpha-SMA during Erigeron Breviscapus (Vant) Hand-Mazz obstructs the evolution of carcinogenesis of golden hamster cheek pouch].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, C T; Zhang, S L; Ding, R Y; Hua, L; Zhong, W J

2000-06-01

To observe dynamically that Erigeron Breviscapus (Vant) Hand-Mazz (HEr) affects the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). To discuss the probable mechanism of obstructing leukoplakia carcinogenesis of this medicine. 120 golden hamsters were randomly divided into model group (48), HEr group (48) and control group (6). HEr was applied to obstruct the evolution of carcinogenesis of golden hamster cheek pouch. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of alpha-SMA with cheek pouch specimen that besmears DMBA in 4-9 weeks. Results were compared with model group. Vessel density dyed with alpha-SMA continuously of HEr group was 65.76 significantly higher than that of model group 42.12 (P<0.001). High classification cases in HEr group were much more than model group when cases were divided into five groups as follow: 100%, 50%, 20%, 10%, 3% (P<0.01). HEr can raise the expression level of alpha-SMA exactly during the evolution of leukoplakia carcinogenesis of golden hamster, which shows that this medicine obstructs carcinogenesis by keeping the normal physiological function of vascular myoepithelial cell and integrity of vascular basement membrane.

Embryo sac development in some representatives of the tribe Cynodonteae (Poaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Strydom

1994-10-01

Full Text Available Chloris virgata Sw., Cynodon dactylon (L. Pers., Harpochloa falx (L. f. Kuntze, and Tragus berteronianus Schult. have a Polygonum type of embryo sac development. Unreduced embryo sacs were found in Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl Lanza & Mattei,  Harpochloa falx, and  Rendlia altera (Rendle Chiov. Both facultative and obligate apomixis were observed. The Hieracium type of embryo sac development was observed in the aposporic specimens.

Embryo sac development in some representatives of the tribe Cynodonteae (Poaceae)

OpenAIRE

A. Strydom; J. J. Spies

1994-01-01

Chloris virgata Sw., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Harpochloa falx (L. f.) Kuntze, and Tragus berteronianus Schult. have a Polygonum type of embryo sac development. Unreduced embryo sacs were found in Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl) Lanza & Mattei,  Harpochloa falx, and  Rendlia altera (Rendle) Chiov. Both facultative and obligate apomixis were observed. The Hieracium type of embryo sac development was observed in the aposporic specimens.

Single Assignment C (SAC): High Productivity meets High Performance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Grelck, C.; Zsók, V.; Horváth, Z.; Plasmeijer, R.

2012-01-01

We present the ins and outs of the purely functional, data parallel programming language SaC (Single Assignment C). SaC defines state- and side-effect-free semantics on top of a syntax resembling that of imperative languages like C/C++/C# or Java: functional programming with curly brackets. In

Pemodelan Enterprise Architecture Sistem Informasi Akademik SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang Dengan Framework Zachman

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Alfonsa Chintia Dea Prananingrum

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Abstrak SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang belum dapat memanfaatkan teknologi komputer secara optimal karena masih menggunakan cara manual dalam pengelolaan berbagai macam data akademik sehingga memberikan masalah seperti lambatnya dalam pembuatan laporan yang menyulitkan kepala sekolah dalam pengambilan keputusan. Oleh sebab itu, SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang membutuhkan Sistem Informasi Akademik untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam mengelola berbagai macam data akademik secara terintegrasi serta memberikan layanan yang lebih baik kepada siswanya. Sebuah model architecture enterprise Sistem Informasi Akademik dibutuhkan agar meminimalisir kegagalan ketika menerapkan sistem tersebut sekaligus dapat berjalan sesuai kebutuhan di SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Framework Zachman yang memberikan pondasi dalam membantu menyediakan struktur dasar organisasi sehingga dapat mendukung perancangan dan pengembangan sistem informasi suatu organisasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa blueprint (cetak biru pemodelan Sistem Informasi Akademik. Kata kunci— sistem informasi akademik, architecture enterprise, framework zachman, bluprint

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Akademik Menggunakan Aplikasi Jibas pada SMA Negeri 9 Padang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricky Akbar

2015-10-01

Full Text Available SMA Negeri 9 Padang is one of the institutions engaged in the field of education, which requires the design of software to manage and run all school activities, one of which is the Academic Information System (SIA. SIA currently in SMA 9 Padang yet well integrated, so it still has many shortcomings in meeting the needs of the school or institution, in particular to deal with academic problems. Therefore, it needs to be implemented Academic Information System that can overcome the various shortcomings earlier. Implementation of this application starts with a preliminary study. Activities, the introduction of the school as a whole with interviews and observations, identify business processes academically at school is running and then make the proposed system as terkomputerisasinya, which is described by using the tools of Business Process Model Notation (BPMN, as well as the depiction of a working model of the system to be applied using use case diagram. The next stage is to study the literature of various books and journals to find the theoretical basis and related research. Then selecting software for SIA School, after the configuration and customization of the software modules, and the latter carry out the implementation and testing. These results indicate that the software SIA Schools that have been selected and applied that JIBAS applications, which can solve the problems on SMA Negeri 9 Padang

The echoic pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy simulating early intrauterine pregnancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Schaffer, R M; Stein, K; Shih, Y H; Goodman, J D

1983-05-01

The sonographic features of ectopic pregnancy have been well documented. When an early intrauterine pregnancy is identified or an obvious extrauterine sac is visualized, diagnosis is not a problem; but often a sac is seen within the uterus that may contain a well-defined rind and even internal echoes simulating an early fetal pole. This has been mistaken for an early intrauterine pregnancy. In this review, four patients with pseudogestational sacs had internal echoes within the sac, and two of them ultimately underwent dilatation and curettage, which revealed blood clots. This supports the assertion that fetal cardiac activity and/or fetal motion should be demonstrated within a fetal pole before the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is excluded.

Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Guru Pendidikan Jasmani Di SMA Muhammadiyah Kediri

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hendra Mashuri

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang persepsi siswa terhadap pembelajaran guru pendidikan jasmani di SMA Muhammadiyah Kediri. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana persepsi siswa terhadap pembelajaran guru pendidikan jasmani di SMA Muhammadiyah Kediri? Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Kediri, sampel yang diambil berjumlah 60 siswa yang terdiri dari 20 siswa dari masing-masing kelas. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran SMA Muhammadiyah Kediri mendapatkan skor 3115 atau rata-rata jawaban siswa 51,917 dengan persentase sebesar 74% dan masuk dalam kategori “Baik”. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa persepsi siswa terhadap pembelajaran guru pendidikan jasmani adalah baik.

Plant-derived SAC domain of PAR-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response 4 exhibits growth inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shayan eSarkar

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The gene Par-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response 4 was originally identified in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis and its product Par-4 showed cancer specific pro-apoptotic activity. Particularly, the SAC domain of Par-4 (SAC-Par-4 selectively kills cancer cells leaving normal cells unaffected. The therapeutic significance of bioactive SAC-Par-4 is enormous in cancer biology; however, its large scale production is still a matter of concern. Here we report the production of SAC-Par-4-GFP fusion protein coupled to translational enhancer sequence (5′ AMV and apoplast signal peptide (aTP in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN plants under the control of a unique recombinant promoter M24. Transgene integration was confirmed by genomic DNA PCR, Southern and Northern blotting, Real-time PCR and Nuclear run-on assays. Results of Western blot analysis and ELISA confirmed expression of recombinant SAC-Par-4-GFP protein and it was as high as 0.15% of total soluble protein. In addition, we found that targeting of plant recombinant SAC-Par-4-GFP to the apoplast and endoplasmic reticulum (ER was essential for the stability of plant recombinant protein in comparison to the bacterial derived SAC-Par-4. Deglycosylation analysis demonstrated that ER-targeted SAC-Par-4-GFP-SEKDEL undergoes O-linked glycosylation unlike apoplast-targeted SAC-Par-4-GFP. Furthermore, various in vitro studies like mammalian cells proliferation assay (MTT, apoptosis induction assays, and NF-κB suppression suggested the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of plant-derived SAC-Par-4-GFP against multiple prostate cancer cell lines. Additionally, pre-treatment of MAT-LyLu prostate cancer cells with purified SAC-Par-4-GFP significantly delayed the onset of tumor in a syngeneic rat prostate cancer model. Taken altogether, we proclaim that plant made SAC-Par-4 may become a useful alternate therapy for effectively alleviating cancer in the new era.

pH sensing via bicarbonate-regulated ‘soluble’ adenylyl cyclase (sAC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nawreen eRahman

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC is a source of the second messenger cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP. sAC is directly regulated by bicarbonate (HCO3- ions. In living cells, HCO3- ions are in nearly instantaneous equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2 and pH due to the ubiquitous presence of carbonic anhydrases. Numerous biological processes are regulated by CO2, HCO3-, and/or pH, and in a number of these, sAC has been shown to function as a physiological CO2/HCO3/pH sensor. In this review, we detail the known pH sensing functions of sAC, and we discuss two highly-studied, pH-dependent pathways in which sAC might play a role.

Sistem Informasi Akademik pada SMA Swasta Hang Tuah Belawan

OpenAIRE

Syarifuddin, Ruisya

2015-01-01

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akademik pada SMA Swasta Hang Tuah Belawan ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah proses pencarian atau searching data dan informasi untuk seluruh Siswa SMA Swasta Hang Tuah Belawan yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memperoleh data mengenai masalah Akademik tersebut. Faasilitas yang terdapat dalam aplikasi ini berupa penyediaan data dan informasi mengenai beritaberita terbaru, profil agenda kegiatan, dan data-data yang berguna untuk kelangsungan belajar si...

Manajemen kelas dalam pembelajaran matematika di SMA Negeri Yogyakarta

OpenAIRE

Nisak Ruwah Ibnatur Husnul; Heri Retnawati

2017-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen kelas yang berupa perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan/kepemimpinan dan pengevaluasian dari pembelajaran matematika yang dilakukan oleh guru matematika di SMA Negeri Yogyakarta. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif jenis studi kasus ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 5, 8 dan 9 Yogyakarta dengan subjek data adalah kepala sekolah, guru kurikulum, guru matematika dan siswa. Untuk teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan pedoman observasi dan pedom...

RTC simulations on large branched sewer systems with SmaRTControl.

Science.gov (United States)

de Korte, Kees; van Beest, Dick; van der Plaat, Marcel; de Graaf, Erno; Schaart, Niels

2009-01-01

In The Netherlands many large branched sewer systems exist. RTC can improve the performance of these systems. The objective of the universal algorithm of SmaRTControl is to improve the performance of the sewer system and the WWTP. The effect of RTC under rain weather flow conditions is simulated using a hydrological model with 19 drainage districts. The system related inefficiency coefficient (SIC) is introduced for assessment of the performance of sewer systems. The performance can be improved by RTC in combination with increased pumping capacities in the drainage districts, but without increasing the flow to the WWTP. Under dry weather flow conditions the flow to the WWTP can be equalized by storage of wastewater in the sewer system. It is concluded that SmaRTControl can improve the performance, that simulations are necessary and that SIC is an excellent parameter for assessment of the performance.

Advanced methods for the analysis, design, and optimization of SMA-based aerostructures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hartl, D J; Lagoudas, D C; Calkins, F T

2011-01-01

Engineers continue to apply shape memory alloys to aerospace actuation applications due to their high energy density, robust solid-state actuation, and silent and shock-free operation. Past design and development of such actuators relied on experimental trial and error and empirically derived graphical methods. Over the last two decades, however, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that existing SMA constitutive models can capture stabilized SMA transformation behaviors with sufficient accuracy. This work builds upon past successes and suggests a general framework by which predictive tools can be used to assess the responses of many possible design configurations in an automated fashion. By applying methods of design optimization, it is shown that the integrated implementation of appropriate analysis tools can guide engineers and designers to the best design configurations. A general design optimization framework is proposed for the consideration of any SMA component or assembly of such components that applies when the set of design variables includes many members. This is accomplished by relying on commercially available software and utilizing tools already well established in the design optimization community. Such tools are combined with finite element analysis (FEA) packages that consider a multitude of structural effects. The foundation of this work is a three-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive model for SMAs applicable for arbitrarily shaped bodies. A reduced-order implementation also allows computationally efficient analysis of structural components such as wires, rods, beams and shells. The use of multiple optimization schemes, the consideration of assembled components, and the accuracy of the implemented constitutive model in full and reduced-order forms are all demonstrated

A fuzzy PID-controlled SMA actuator for a two-DOF joint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shi Zhenyun

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Shape memory alloy (SMA actuator is a potential advanced component for servo-systems of aerospace vehicles and aircraft. This paper presents a joint with two degrees of freedom (DOF and a mobility range close to ±60° when driven by SMA triple wires. The fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID-controlled actuator drive was designed using antagonistic SMA triple wires, and the resistance feedback signal made a closed loop. Experiments showed that, with the driving responding frequency increasing, the overstress became harder to be avoided at the position under the maximum friction force. Furthermore, the hysteresis gap between the heating and cooling paths of the strain-to-resistance curve expanded under this condition. A fuzzy logic control was considered as a solution, and the curves of the wires were then modeled by fitting polynomials so that the measured resistance was used directly to determine the control signal. Accurate control was demonstrated through the step response, and the experimental results showed that under the fuzzy PID-control program, the mean absolute error (MAE of the rotation angle was about 3.147°. In addition, the investigation of the external interference to the system proved the controllable maximum output.

Pengembangan Lembar Aktivitas Siswa (LAS Matematika Kelas X SMA Dengan Penerapan Variasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tetty Natalia Sipayung

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1 validitas Lembar Aktivitas Siswa (LAS matematika kelas X SMA yang dikembangkan dengan penerapan variasi model pembelajaran kooperatif; (2 efektivitas pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Lembar Aktivitas Siswa  matematika dengan menerapkan variasi model pembelajaran kooperatif. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development yang mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa Lembar Aktivitas Siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1 Lembar Aktivitas Siswa matematika kelas X SMA yang dikembangkan adalah valid dengan skor rata-rata dari validator adalah 4,56 atau 91,2%. Dikatakan valid artinya layak digunakan atau dipakai dalam pembelajaran matematika; (2 Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Lembar Aktivitas Siswa matematika dengan menerapkan variasi model pembelajaran kooperatif adalah efektif. Hal tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan observasi aktivitas siswa, kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, dan hasil belajar siswa di kelas eksperimen dan di kelas kontrol. Siswa pada kelas eksperimen dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan Lembar Aktivitas Siswa (LAS dan menerapkan variasi model pembelajaran kooperatif yaitu tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD, Numbered Head Together (NHT, Think Pair Share (TPS, dan Jigsaw pada kelas eksperimen. Sementara siswa pada kelas kontrol dibelajarkan tanpa menggunakan Lembar Aktivitas Siswa (LAS dan menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional. Kata Kunci: Lembar Aktivitas Siswa, Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif    Abstract. The objectives of the research are: (1 The validity of student’s Mathematic worksheet for tenth grade of senior high school using various cooperative leaning models; (2 The learning effectiveness of student’s Mathematic worksheet sheet using various cooperative learning. The method used is research and development that develops students’ Mathematic worksheet as teaching media. The research findings are as

Optimal design of damping layers in SMA/GFRP laminated hybrid composites

Science.gov (United States)

Haghdoust, P.; Cinquemani, S.; Lo Conte, A.; Lecis, N.

2017-10-01

This work describes the optimization of the shape profiles for shape memory alloys (SMA) sheets in hybrid layered composite structures, i.e. slender beams or thinner plates, designed for the passive attenuation of flexural vibrations. The paper starts with the description of the material and architecture of the investigated hybrid layered composite. An analytical method, for evaluating the energy dissipation inside a vibrating cantilever beam is developed. The analytical solution is then followed by a shape profile optimization of the inserts, using a genetic algorithm to minimize the SMA material layer usage, while maintaining target level of structural damping. Delamination problem at SMA/glass fiber reinforced polymer interface is discussed. At the end, the proposed methodology has been applied to study the hybridization of a wind turbine layered structure blade with SMA material, in order to increase its passive damping.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ASSURANCE, RELEVANCE, INTEREST, ASSESSMENT, SATISFACTION DENGAN STRATEGI ACTIVE LEARNING TIPE INDEX CARD MATCH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIK SISWA SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frasticha Frasticha

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Pemecahan masalah merupakan kegiatan matematika yang sulit baik dalam mempelajari maupun mengajarkannya, sehingga diperlukan adanya suatu model pembelajaran yang dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan yaitu model pembelajaran ARIAS dengan strategi active learning tipe ICM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1 model pembelajaran ARIAS dengan strategi active learning tipe ICM berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa SMA; (2 Sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS dengan strategi active learning tipe ICM. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 dengan jumlah 38 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol dan XI IPA 2 dengan jumlah 39 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen di SMAN 19 Kabupaten Tangerang pada tahun ajaran 2015-2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimen dengan adalah desain kuasi eksperimen dengan bentuk Nonequivalent Control Group serta Cluster Sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS Statistics Version 22. Hasil penelitian :(1 model pembelajaran ARIAS dengan strategi active learning tipe ICM berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa SMA dan memberikan pengaruh yang positif; (2 sikap siswa positif terhadap model pembelajaran ARIAS dengan strategi active learning tipe ICM. Kata Kunci: Assurance Relevance Interest Assessment Satisfaction, Index Card Match, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah

Behavior of NiTiNb SMA wires under recovery stress or prestressing.

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Eunsoo; Nam, Tae-Hyun; Chung, Young-Soo; Kim, Yeon-Wook; Lee, Seung-Yong

2012-01-05

The recovery stress of martensitic shape-memory alloy [SMA] wires can be used to confine concrete, and the confining effectiveness of the SMA wires was previously proved through experimental tests. However, the behavior of SMA wires under recovery stress has not been seriously investigated. Thus, this study conducted a series of tests of NiTiNb martensitic SMA wires under recovery stress with varying degrees of prestrain on the wires and compared the behavior under recovery stress with that under prestressing of the wires. The remaining stress was reduced by the procedure of additional strain loading and unloading. More additional strains reduced more remaining stresses. When the SMA wires were heated up to the transformation temperature under prestress, the stress on the wires increased due to the state transformation. Furthermore, the stress decreased with a decreasing temperature of the wires down to room temperature. The stress of the NiTiNb wires was higher than the prestress, and the developed stress seemed to depend on the composition of the SMAs. When an additional strain was subsequently loaded and unloaded on the prestressed SMA wires, the remaining stress decreased. Finally, the remaining stress becomes zero when loading and unloading a specific large strain.

The Evolutionary Economics of Embryonic-Sac Fluids in Squamate Reptiles.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonnet, Xavier; Naulleau, Guy; Shine, Richard

2017-03-01

The parchment-shelled eggs of squamate reptiles take up substantial water from the nest environment, enabling the conversion of yolk into neonatal tissue and buffering the embryo against the possibility of subsequent dry weather. During development, increasing amounts of water are stored in the embryonic sacs (i.e., membranes around the embryo: amnion, allantois, and chorion). The evolution of viviparity (prolonged uterine retention of developing embryos) means that embryonic-sac fluid storage now imposes a cost (increased maternal burdening), confers less benefit (because the mother buffers fetal water balance), and introduces a potential conflict among uterine siblings (for access to finite water supplies). Our data on nine species of squamate reptiles and published information on three species show that the embryonic-sac fluids comprise around 33% of neonatal mass in viviparous species versus 94% in full-term eggs of oviparous squamates. Data on parturition in 149 vipers (Vipera aspis, a viviparous species) show that larger offspring store more fluids in their fetal sacs and that an increase in litter size is associated with a decrease in fluid-sac mass per offspring. Overall, the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have substantially altered selective forces on offspring packaging and created competition among offspring for access to water reserves during embryonic development.

PERANGKAT PENGEMBANGAN DIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DAN PENGEMBANGAN KEPRIBADIAN SISWA SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wenny Hulukati

2014-06-01

Abstrak: Perangkat Pengembangan Diri untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dan Pengembangan Kepribadian Siswa SMA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perangkat pengembangan diri untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dan pengembangan kepribadian siswa SMA. Kegiatan penelitian ini diawali dengan studi pendahuluan yang berkaitan dengan kompentensi guru pembimbing dalam melaksanakan pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling dan kecenderungan kepribadian siswa SMA. Langkah berikutnya adalah mendesain dan mengembangkan draf, dan diakhiri dengan kegiatan uji keefektifan produk. Dari kegiatan penelitian pengembangan ini telah dihasilkan produk pengembangan yang valid dan handal yang meliputi panduan guru, panduan siswa, dan panduan penilaian. Berdasarkan hasil uji keefektifan terhadap produk pengembangan diperoleh informasi bahwa perangkat panduan pengembangan diri efektif diguna­kan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru pembimbing dalam melaksanakan pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling dan pengembangan kepribadian siswa SMA.

Monotonic and cyclic bond behavior of confined concrete using NiTiNb SMA wires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Eunsoo; Chung, Young-Soo; Kim, Yeon-Wook; Kim, Joo-Woo

2011-01-01

This study conducts bond tests of reinforced concrete confined by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires which provide active and passive confinement of concrete. This study uses NiTiNb SMA which usually shows wide temperature hysteresis; this is a good advantage for the application of shape memory effects. The aims of this study are to investigate the behavior of SMA wire under residual stress and the performance of SMA wire jackets in improving bond behavior through monotonic-loading tests. This study also conducts cyclic bond tests and analyzes cyclic bond behavior. The use of SMA wire jackets transfers the bond failure from splitting to pull-out mode and satisfactorily increases bond strength and ductile behavior. The active confinement provided by the SMA plays a major role in providing external pressure on the concrete because the developed passive confinement is much smaller than the active confinement. For cyclic behavior, slip and circumferential strain are recovered more with larger bond stress. This recovery of slip and circumferential strain are mainly due to the external pressure of the SMA wires since cracked concrete cannot provide any elastic recovery

Age and egg-sac loss determine maternal behaviour and locomotor activity of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Ruhland, Fanny; Chiara, Violette; Trabalon, Marie

2016-11-01

Wolf spiders' (Lycosidae) maternal behaviour includes a specific phase called "egg brooding" which consists of guarding and carrying an egg-sac throughout the incubation period. The transport of an egg-sac can restrict mothers' exploratory and locomotor activity, in particular when foraging. The present study details the ontogeny of maternal behaviour and assesses the influence of age of egg-sac (or embryos' developmental stage) on vagrant wolf spider Pardosa saltans females' exploration and locomotion. We observed these spiders' maternal behaviour in the laboratory and evaluated their locomotor activity using a digital activity recording device. Our subjects were virgin females (without egg-sac) and first time mothers (with her egg-sac) who were divided into three groups. The first group of mothers were tested on the day the egg-sac was built (day 0), and the females of the other two groups were tested 10 or 15days after they had built their egg-sac. We evaluated the effects of the presence and the loss of egg-sac on mothers' activity. Pardosa saltans females' behaviour depended on mothers' physiological state and/or age of egg-sac (developmental stage of embryos). Virgin females' behaviour was not modified by the presence of an egg-sac in their environment. Mothers' reactions to the presence, the loss and the recovery of their egg-sac varied during the maternal cycle. Maternal behaviour changed with age of egg-sac, but the levels of locomotor activity of mothers with egg-sacs was similar to those of virgin females. Loss of egg-sac modified the maternal behaviour and locomotor activity of all mothers; these modifications were greater on "day 15" when embryos had emerged from eggs. All mothers were able to retrieve their egg-sacs and to re-attach them to their spinnerets. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Domain general sequence operations contribute to pre-SMA involvement in visuo-spatial processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Charles eLeek

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This study used 3T MRI to elucidate the functional role of supplementary motor area (SMA in relation to visuo-spatial processing. A localizer task contrasting sequential number subtraction and repetitive button pressing was used to functionally delineate non-motor sequence processing in pre-SMA, and activity in SMA-proper associated with motor sequencing. Patterns of BOLD responses in these regions were then contrasted to those from two tasks of visuo-spatial processing. In one task participants performed mental rotation in which recognition memory judgments were made to previously memorized 2D novel patterns across image-plane rotations. The other task involved abstract grid navigation in which observers computed a series of imagined location shifts in response to directional (arrow cues around a mental grid. The results showed overlapping activation in pre-SMA for sequential subtraction and both visuo-spatial tasks. These results suggest that visuo-spatial processing is supported by non-motor sequence operations that involve pre-SMA. More broadly, these data further highlight the functional heterogeneity of pre-SMA, and show that its role extends to processes beyond the planning and online control of movement.

Sac Angiography and Glue Embolization in Emergency Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koike, Yuya, E-mail: r06118@hotmail.co.jp; Nishimura, Jun-ichi, E-mail: jun-ichi-n@nifty.com; Hase, Soichiro, E-mail: haseman@hotmail.co.jp; Yamasaki, Motoshige, E-mail: genyamasaki@gmail.com [Kawasaki Saiwai Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology (Japan)

2015-04-15

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate a sac angiography technique and evaluate the feasibility of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) embolization of the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sac in emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in hemodynamically unstable patients.MethodsA retrospective case series of three patients in whom sac angiography was performed during emergency EVAR for ruptured AAA was reviewed. After stent graft deployment, angiography within the sac of aneurysm (sac angiography) was performed by manually injecting 10 ml of contrast material through a catheter to identify the presence and site of active bleeding. In two patients, sac angiography revealed active extravasation of the contrast material, and NBCA embolization with a coaxial catheter system was performed to achieve prompt sealing.ResultsSac angiography was successful in all three patients. In the two patients who underwent NBCA embolization for aneurysm sac bleeding, follow-up computed tomography (CT) images demonstrated the accumulation of NBCA consistent with the bleeding site in preprocedural CT images.ConclusionsEVAR is associated with a potential risk of ongoing bleeding from type II or IV endoleaks into the disrupted aneurysm sac in patients with severe coagulopathy. Therefore, sac angiography and NBCA embolization during emergency EVAR may represent a possible technical improvement in the treatment of ruptured AAA in hemodynamically unstable patients.

Miskonsepsi Buku Ajar Fisika SMA Kelas X Pada Pokok Bahasan Dinamika Gerak

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fachmi Nurdiansyah

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bentuk-bentuk miskonsepsi pada pokok bahasan dinamika gerak dalam buku ajar fisika SMA kelas X. Adapun buku ajar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: (1 Fisika untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Semester I karangan RA dan SI yang diterbitkan tahun 2012 oleh penerbit IP, (2 Fisika untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Semester I karangan TPM yang diterbitkan tahun 2013 oleh penerbit VP, dan (3 Fisika Peminatan untuk SMA/MA Kelas X karangan SN dan SZ yang diterbitkan tahun 2013 oleh penerbit YW. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah data berupa aspek penjelasan konsep, penulisan rumus, penulisan simbol, penulisan satuan, dan penyajian gambar pada pokok bahasan dinamika gerak dalam buku ajar fisika SMA. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis data dalam buku ajar fisika SMA yang dibandingkan dengan buku teks fisika universitas. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa miskonsepsi pada pokok bahasan dinamika gerak terdapat dalam buku ajar fisika SMA. Buku ajar IP mengalami miskonsepsi pada aspek penjelasan konsep dengan persentase 10%, penulisan rumus dengan persentase 57,14%, penulisan simbol dengan persentase 46,15%, dan penyajian gambar dengan persentase 20%. Buku ajar VP mengalami miskonsepsi pada aspek penjelasan konsep dengan persentase 10%, penulisan rumus dengan persentase 85,71%, penulisan simbol dengan persentase 79,62%, dan penyajian gambar dengan persentase 80%. Buku ajar YW mengalami miskonsepsi pada aspek penjelasan konsep dengan persentase 10%, penulisan rumus dengan persentase 85,71%, penulisan simbol dengan persentase 69,23, dan penyajian gambar dengan persentase 20%. Pada aspek penulisan satuan, tidak terdapat miskonsepsi dalam buku ajar IP, VP, dan YW.

Fatigue crack behavior on a Cu-Zn-Al SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Di Cocco

2014-10-01

Full Text Available In recent years, mechanical property of many SMA has improved in order to introduce these alloys in specific field of industry. Main examples of these alloys are the NiTi, Cu-Zn-Al and Cu-Al-Ni which are used in many fields of engineering such as aerospace or mechanical systems. Cu-Zn-Al alloys are characterized by good shape memory properties due to a bcc disordered structure stable at high temperature called β-phase, which is able to change by means of a reversible transition to a B2 structure after appropriate cooling, and reversible transition from B2 secondary to DO3 order, under other types of cooling. In β-Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys, the martensitic transformation is not in equilibrium at room temperature. It is therefore often necessary to obtain the martensitic structure, using a thermal treatment at high temperature followed by quenching. The martensitic phases can be either thermally-induced spontaneous transformation, or stressinduced, or cooling, or stressing the β- phase. Direct quenching from high temperatures to the martensite phase is the most effective because of the non-diffusive character of the transformation. The martensite inherits the atomic order from the β-phase. Precipitation of many kinds of intermetallic phases is the main problem of treatment on cu-based shape memory alloy. For instance, a precipitation of α-phase occurs in many low aluminum copper based SMA alloy and presence of α-phase implies a strong degradation of shape recovery. However, Cu-Zn-Al SMA alloys characterized by aluminum contents less than 5% cover a good cold machining and cost is lower than traditional NiTi SMA alloys. In order to improve the SMA performance, it is always necessary to identify the microstructural changing in mechanical and thermal conditions, using X-Ray analyses. In this work a Cu-Zn-Al SMA alloy obtained in laboratory has been microstructurally and metallographically characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction and Light

Crack-closing of cement mortar beams using NiTi cold-drawn SMA short fibers

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Eunsoo; Kim, Dong Joo; Chung, Young-Soo; Kim, Hee Sun; Jung, Chungsung

2015-01-01

In this study, crack-closing tests of mortar beams reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) short fibers were performed. For this purpose, NiTi SMA fibers with a diameter of 0.965 mm and a length of 30 mm were made from SMA wires of 1.0 mm diameter by cold drawing. Four types of SMA fibers were prepared, namely, straight and dog-bone-shaped fiber and the two types of fibers with paper wrapping in the middle of the fibers. The paper provides an unbonded length of 15 mm. For bending tests, six types of mortar beams with the dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm (B×H×L) were prepared. The SMA fibers were placed at the bottom center of the beams along with an artificial crack of 10 mm depth and 1 mm thickness. This study investigated the influence of SMA fibers on the flexural strength of the beams from the measured force- deflection curves. After cracking, the beams were heated at the bottom by fire to activate the SMA fibers. Then, the beams recovered the deflection, and the cracks were closed. This study evaluated crack-closing capacity using the degree of crack recovery and deflection-recovery factor. The first factor is estimated from the crack-width before and after crack-closing, and the second one is obtained from the downward deflection due to loading and the upward deflection due to the closing force of the SMA fibers.

Analisis Dampak Negatif Facebook pada Remaja Kelas X IPS SMA Kemala Bhayangkari Kubu Raya

OpenAIRE

Malindo, Hari

2017-01-01

The negative impact of the use of facebook is a result caused the use of facebook excessively that can give rise to abuse and diversion to brpengaruh directly to the consumer, and often waste time just to tamper with his facebook account, if not used wisely facebook will have a negative impact to pengggunanya it sendiri..Oleh because the researchers wanted to know more profound analysis of the negative impact on teenagers facebook IPS class X SMA Kemala Bhayangkari Kubu Raya.A common problem ...

Molecular detection and in vitro antioxidant activity of S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) extracted from Allium sativum.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Y-E; Wang, W-D

2016-06-30

It is well known that Allium sativum has potential applications to clinical treatment of various cancers due to its remarkable ability in eliminating free radicals and increasing metabolism. An allyl-substituted cysteine derivative - S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) was separated and identified from Allium sativum. The extracted SAC was reacted with 1-pyrenemethanol to obtain pyrene-labelled SAC (Py-SAC) to give SAC fluorescence properties. Molecular detection of Py-SAC was conducted by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence method to quantitatively measure concentrations of Py-SAC solutions. The ability of removing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical using Py-SAC was determined through oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Results showed the activity of Py-SAC and Vitamin C (VC) with ORAC as index, the concentrations of Py-SAC and VC were 58.43 mg/L and 5.72 mg/L respectively to scavenge DPPH, and 8.16 mg/L and 1.67 mg/L to scavenge •OH respectively. Compared with VC, the clearance rates of Py-SAC to scavenge DPPH were much higher, Py-SAC could inhibit hydroxyl radical. The ability of removing radical showed a dose-dependent relationship within the scope of the drug concentration.

Pengembangan Modul Fisika Pokok Bahasan Hukum Newton bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Tunanetra Di Kelas Inklusi SMA/MA Kelas X

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Fitriany Yudistia R

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Siswa tunanetra SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta, MAN Maguwoharjo dan SMAN 1 Sewon belum memiliki sumber belajar mandiri berupa modul Braille khususnya pada materi Hukum Newton. Berdasarkan kenyataan ini maka dibutuhkan sebuah sumber belajar yang didesain khusus bagi siswa tunanetra di kelas Inklusi yakni modul Braille pada pokok bahasan Hukum Newton.Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk: (1 mengembangkan modul fisika pokok bahasan Hukum Newton untuk siswa tunanetra SMA/MA kelas X sebagai sumber belajar mandiri, (2 mengetahui kualitas modul fisika Braille materi Hukum Newton untuk siswa tunanetra SMA/MA kelas X, (3 mengetahui respon siswa terhadap modul fisika Braille yang telah dikembangkan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R & D dengan model prosedural yang mengadaptasi dari pengembangan perangkat model 4-D, yakni Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket kualitas modul yaitu menggunakan skala Likert yang dibuat dalam bentuk checklist. Instrumen untuk siswa berupa angket respon siswa yaitu menggunakan skala Guttman yang dibuat dalam bentuk checklist. Modul dinilai kualitasnya oleh 3 ahli materi, 1 ahli media, dan 2 guru fisika SMA/MA. Kelayakan modul berdasarkan respon siswa pada uji coba terbatas sebanyak 2 siswa dan uji coba luas sebanyak 8 siswa.Hasil penelitian berdasarkan penilaian dari ahli materi, ahli media dan guru fisika SMA/MA modul memiliki kategori sangat baik (SB. Persentase keidealan menurut ahli materi adalah 87,88%; persentase keidealan menurut ahli media adalah 90,00% dan persentase keidealan menurut guru Fisika SMA/MA adalah 75,00%. Respon siswa terhadap modul fisika Braille pada uji coba terbatas diperoleh persentase 97,22%; sedangkan pada uji coba luas diperoleh persentase 89,58%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modul layak dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber belajar mandiri bagi siswa tunanetra.

Basement membrane components secreted by mouse yolk sac carcinoma cell lines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Damjanov, A; Wewer, U M; Tuma, B

1990-01-01

Three new cell lines (NE, ME, LRD) were cloned from mouse-embryo-derived teratocarcinomas and characterized on the basis of developmental, ultrastructural, and cytochemical criteria as nullipotent embryonal carcinoma (EC), pure parietal yolk sac (PYS) carcinoma and mixed parieto-visceral yolk sac...

SAC-C mission, an example of international cooperation

Science.gov (United States)

Colomb, F.; Alonso, C.; Hofmann, C.; Nollmann, I.

In comp liance with the objectives established in the National Space Program, Argentina in Space 1997-2008 ((Plan Espacial Nacional, Argentina en el Espacio 1997-2008), the National Commission on Space Activities (Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales - CONAE) undertook the design, construction, and launching of the SAC-C satellite in close collaboration with NASA. The purpose of this Mission is to carry out observations of interest both for the USA and Argentina, thus contributing effectively to NASA's Earth Science Program and to CONAE's National Space Program. The SAC-C is an international Earth observing satellite mission conceived as a partnership between CONAE and NASA, with additional support in instrumentation and satellite development from the Danish DSRI, the Italian ASI, the French CNES and the Brazilian INPE. A Delta II rocket successfully launched it on November 21st, 2000, from Vandenberg AFB, California, USA. Ten instruments on board the SAC-C perform different studies related to the ground and sea ecosystems, the atmosphere and the geomagnetic field. There are also technological experiments for determination of the satellite attitude and velocity as well as for the studies of the influence of space radiation on advanced electronic components . The inclusion of SAC-C in the AM Constellation, jointly with NASA satellites Landsat 7, EO 1 and Terra, is another example of important international cooperation which synergies the output of any single Mission. The Constellation has been working since March 2001 as a single mission and several cooperative activities have been undertaken including several jointly sponsored technical workshops and collaborative spacecraft navigation experiments. A flight campaign of the NASA AVIRIS instrument was performed in Argentine during January and February 2001, for calibration of SAC-C and EO 1 cameras and the development of joint scientific works. In Cordoba Space Center a jointly operated ground GPS reference

Surveillance Analysis Computer System (SACS): Software requirements specification (SRS). Revision 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glasscock, J.A.

1995-01-01

This document is the primary document establishing requirements for the Surveillance Analysis Computer System (SACS) database, an Impact Level 3Q system. SACS stores information on tank temperatures, surface levels, and interstitial liquid levels. This information is retrieved by the customer through a PC-based interface and is then available to a number of other software tools. The software requirements specification (SRS) describes the system requirements for the SACS Project, and follows the Standard Engineering Practices (WHC-CM-6-1), Software Practices (WHC-CM-3-10) and Quality Assurance (WHC-CM-4-2, QR 19.0) policies

Expression of yeast lipid phosphatase Sac1p is regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate

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Mayinger Peter

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Phosphoinositides play a central role in regulating processes at intracellular membranes. In yeast, a large number of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes use a common mechanism for transcriptional regulation. Yet, how the expression of genes encoding lipid kinases and phosphatases is regulated remains unknown. Results Here we show that the expression of lipid phosphatase Sac1p in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated in response to changes in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4P concentrations. Unlike genes encoding enzymes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis, expression of the SAC1 gene is independent of inositol levels. We identified a novel 9-bp motif within the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR of SAC1 that is responsible for PI(4P-mediated regulation. Upregulation of SAC1 promoter activity correlates with elevated levels of Sac1 protein levels. Conclusion Regulation of Sac1p expression via the concentration of its major substrate PI(4P ensures proper maintenance of compartment-specific pools of PI(4P.

Pinocytosis in the rat visceral yolk sac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duncan, R.; Lloyd, J.B.

1978-01-01

Low temperature, 2,4-dinitrophenol and moniodoacetate could each completely abolish the pinocytic uptake of 125 I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone, 125 I-labelled bovine serum albumin or colloidal 198 Au by 17.5-day rat visceral yolk sac cultured in vitro. Cytochalasin B and colchicine caused a partial and dose-dependent inhibition. It is concluded that the mechanism of pinocytic uptake of these substrates is not micropinocytosis as conventionally defined. Removal of extracellular calcium or the presence of theophylline inhibited liquid-phase pinocytosis by the rat yolk sac, whereas addition of ouabain caused a biphasic response: a slight stimulation of pinosome formation at a low concentration, and an inhibitory effect at a higher concentration. (Auth.)

Study on initial stage of diesel spray formation. Effects of the condition inside the nozzle sac; Diesel funmu no shoki keisei katei ni kansuru kenkyu. Sac nai nenryo no eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, N.; Tsujimura, K. [Nissan Diesel Motor Co. Ltd., Saitama (Japan); Komori, M.

1996-06-25

To realize clean diesel exhaust, it is very important to clarify the atomization phenomena of the fuel spray. In this study, the initial stage of the atomization process of a diesel injection fuel spray was analyzed with a high-speed image converter camera under the conditions of atmospheric gas pressure and room temperature. As a result, it was found that the initial spray formation was greatly affected lay the condition inside the nozzle sac. In the case in which fuel existed in the sac, pin-like structure spray formation was observed at the initial injection stage. This phenomenon was not observed in the case in which no fuel was present in the sac, and a widely spread fuel spray formation was observed at the initial injection stage. The relatively low-speed fuel spray injected in the initial low-sac-pressure condition was pushed away by the subsequent fuel spray injected in the high-sac-pressure condition. 7 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Gene expression demonstrates an immunological capacity of the human endolymphatic sac

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Martin Nue; Kirkeby, Svend; Vikeså, Jonas

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the present study is to explore, demonstrate, and describe the expression of genes related to the innate immune system in the human endolymphatic sac. It is hypothesized that the endolymphatic sac has a significant immunological function in the human inner ear...... was obtained. Multiple key elements of both the cellular and humoral innate immune system were expressed, including Toll-like receptors 4 and 7, as well as beta-defensin and lactoferrin. CONCLUSIONS: The present data provides the first direct evidence of an immunological capacity of the human endolymphatic sac...... immunological entity of the inner ear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A....

Probabilistic fiber tracking of the language and motor white matter pathways of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in patients with brain tumors.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenabi, Mehrnaz; Peck, Kyung K; Young, Robert J; Brennan, Nicole; Holodny, Andrei I

2014-12-01

Accurate localization of anatomically and functionally separate SMA tracts is important to improve planning prior to neurosurgery. Using fMRI and probabilistic DTI techniques, we assessed the connectivity between the frontal language area (Broca's area) and the rostral pre-SMA (language SMA) and caudal SMA proper (motor SMA). Twenty brain tumor patients completed motor and language fMRI paradigms and DTI. Peaks of functional activity in the language SMA, motor SMA and Broca's area were used to define seed regions for probabilistic tractography. fMRI and probabilistic tractography identified separate and unique pathways connecting the SMA to Broca's area - the language SMA pathway and the motor SMA pathway. For all subjects, the language SMA pathway had a larger number of voxels (PProbabilistic tractography can identify unique white matter tracts that connect language SMA and motor SMA to Broca's area. The language SMA is more significantly connected to Broca's area than is the motor subdivision of the SMA proper. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Fast frequency hopping codes applied to SAC optical CDMA network

Science.gov (United States)

Tseng, Shin-Pin

2015-06-01

This study designed a fast frequency hopping (FFH) code family suitable for application in spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks. The FFH code family can effectively suppress the effects of multiuser interference and had its origin in the frequency hopping code family. Additional codes were developed as secure codewords for enhancing the security of the network. In considering the system cost and flexibility, simple optical encoders/decoders using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and a set of optical securers using two arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) demultiplexers (DeMUXs) were also constructed. Based on a Gaussian approximation, expressions for evaluating the bit error rate (BER) and spectral efficiency (SE) of SAC optical CDMA networks are presented. The results indicated that the proposed SAC optical CDMA network exhibited favorable performance.

Studies on the abnormality of embryo sac and pollen fertility in aurotetraploid rice during different growing seasons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahid, M.; Jilanfan, S.; Changmin, W.; Peng, Z.; Xiang-dong, X.

2010-01-01

Auto tetraploid rice has a great genetic potential but low seed setting rate is the major encumbrance in its use. Embryo sac fertility and pollen fertility are the most important factors which affect the seed setting rate in auto tetraploid rice. Whole mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy (WE-CLSM) was used to study the fertility and abnormalities in embryo sacs of diploid and auto tetraploid rice during different seasons. The results indicated that the embryo sac fertility (64.5%) was much low in auto tetraploid than that in diploid rice (86%), and five main types of abnormal embryo sac were found in all 10 auto tetraploid rice. Moreover, some other type abnormal embryo sacs were also observed in auto tetraploid rice. Embryo sac without female germ unit and embryo sac degeneration were the most frequent types of abnormalities in auto tetraploid rice. Embryo sac fertility ranged from 49.3% to 79.3%, pollen fertility ranged from 56.2 to 85.9%, and seed setting rate varied from 12.5 to 69.01% in various genotypes of auto tetraploid rice. Embryo sac and pollen fertility were found to have a significant correlation with seed setting rate. Seasons have significant effect on pollen and embryo sac fertility in both type of rice. All the auto tetraploid lines exhibited different types of embryo sac abnormalities which indicated that these might be related to different genotypes. (author)

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA KRITIS TEKS ARGUMENTASI UNTUK SISWA KELAS X SMA/SMK

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Anri Nofitria

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This development research can produce a Critical Reading model for argumentation text learning in class X SMA/SMK. The Critical Reading Model has nine stages, reading skimming; Make inquiries; Facts and opinions; Happy alignment; Main idea development framework; Tap refill content; Prevention of spelling errors, inaccurate choice of words, ineffectiveness of sentences, and inaccuracy of paragraph development; Conclude; And verification This development research uses the Dick and Carey procedures. The validation of the products carried out on three aspects, namely (a the feasibility of the concept of the model, (b the feasibility of the model steps, and (c the feasibility of the model on the level of understanding. Meanwhile, field testing was conducted to determine the feasibility and response of learners to the application of the model. Based on validation and field test results, it can be concluded that Critical Reading Model is suitable to be applied in learning to read critical argument text. Penelitian pengembangan ini dilaksanakan untuk menghasilkan model Membaca Kritis dalam pembelajaran teks argumentasi. Model Membaca Kritis memiliki sembilan tahap, yaitu (1 membaca skimming; (2 membuat pertanyaan; (3 mengidentifikasi fakta dan opini; (4 mengidentifikasi keselarasan; (5 mengidentifikasi pengembangan ide pokok; (6 mengidentifikasi ketepatan hubungan isi; (7 mengidentifikasi kesalahan ejaan, ketidaktepatan pilihan kata, dan ketidakefektifan kalimat, dan ketidaktepatan pengembangan paragraf; (8 menyimpulkan; (9 memverifikasi. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model Dick and Carey. Validasi produk yang dilakukan meliputi tiga aspek, yakni (a kelayakan konsep model, (b kelayakan langkah-langkah model, dan (c kelayakan model terhadap tingkat pemahaman. Sementara itu, uji coba produk dilakukan terhadap sembilan tahap model pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dan uji produk dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Membaca Kritis layak diterapkan

CM5, a pre-Swarm comprehensive geomagnetic field model derived from over 12 yr of CHAMP, Ørsted, SAC-C and observatory data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sabaka, Terence J.; Olsen, Nils; Tyler, Robert H.

2015-01-01

A comprehensive magnetic field model named CM5 has been derived from CHAMP, Orsted and SAC-C satellite and observatory hourly-means data from 2000 August to 2013 January using the Swarm Level-2 Comprehensive Inversion (CI) algorithm. Swarm is a recently launched constellation of three satellites ...

Comparing sensitivity analysis methods to advance lumped watershed model identification and evaluation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Y. Tang

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This study seeks to identify sensitivity tools that will advance our understanding of lumped hydrologic models for the purposes of model improvement, calibration efficiency and improved measurement schemes. Four sensitivity analysis methods were tested: (1 local analysis using parameter estimation software (PEST, (2 regional sensitivity analysis (RSA, (3 analysis of variance (ANOVA, and (4 Sobol's method. The methods' relative efficiencies and effectiveness have been analyzed and compared. These four sensitivity methods were applied to the lumped Sacramento soil moisture accounting model (SAC-SMA coupled with SNOW-17. Results from this study characterize model sensitivities for two medium sized watersheds within the Juniata River Basin in Pennsylvania, USA. Comparative results for the 4 sensitivity methods are presented for a 3-year time series with 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h time intervals. The results of this study show that model parameter sensitivities are heavily impacted by the choice of analysis method as well as the model time interval. Differences between the two adjacent watersheds also suggest strong influences of local physical characteristics on the sensitivity methods' results. This study also contributes a comprehensive assessment of the repeatability, robustness, efficiency, and ease-of-implementation of the four sensitivity methods. Overall ANOVA and Sobol's method were shown to be superior to RSA and PEST. Relative to one another, ANOVA has reduced computational requirements and Sobol's method yielded more robust sensitivity rankings.

PEMBELAJARAN THINK-PAIR-SHARE, KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF, DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA SMA

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Sri Amnah S.

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Think-Pair-Share Learning, Meta-cognitive Skills and Cognitive Learning Outcomes. The study investigates the effects of meta-cognitive skills based Think-Pair-Share cooperative learning on meta-cognitive skills and cognitive learning outcomes of 11th grade students of Senior High Schools in Pekanbaru. The sample consists of 11th grade students of SMA 9 as an experiment group and 11th grade students SMA 10 as a control group. Based on analyzing the data using ANCOVA, the results show that there is a signifi­cant difference in meta-cognitive skills and cognitive learning outcomes of the students in the experimental and the control groups, and there is no significant difference between students who have high and low academic levels in their meta-cognitive skills and cognitive learning outcomes. Abstrak: Pembelajaran Think-Pair-Share, Keterampilan Metakognitif, dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur pengaruh pembela­jaran koperatif Think-Pair-Share terha­dap keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa SMA. Sampel dipilih secara acak dari popu­lasi 13 SMA di Pekanbaru. Dengan menggunakan ANAKOVA, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat per­bedaan yang nyata keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa di kelompok eksperimental dan kelompok control, dan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi dan akademik rendah pada keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar kognitifnya.

Ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac in two-phase endolymphatic hydrops in the guinea pig

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verheul, J; Segenhout, JM; Dunnebier, EA; Albers, FWJ; Blaauw, EH; Wit, HP

1999-01-01

Two-phase endolymphatic hydrops is a subtle experimental model for Meniere's disease. Chronic dysfunction of the endolymphatic sac, induced by dissection of the most distal part without causing damage to the intermediate part, is combined with increased endolymph production induced by administration

Full-scale flight tests of aircraft morphing structures using SMA actuators

Science.gov (United States)

Mabe, James H.; Calkins, Frederick T.; Ruggeri, Robert T.

2007-04-01

In August of 2005 The Boeing Company conducted a full-scale flight test utilizing Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to morph an engine's fan exhaust to correlate exhaust geometry with jet noise reduction. The test was conducted on a 777-300ER with GE-115B engines. The presence of chevrons, serrated aerodynamic surfaces mounted at the trailing edge of the thrust reverser, have been shown to greatly reduce jet noise by encouraging advantageous mixing of the free, and fan streams. The morphing, or Variable Geometry Chevrons (VGC), utilized compact, light weight, and robust SMA actuators to morph the chevron shape to optimize the noise reduction or meet acoustic test objectives. The VGC system was designed for two modes of operation. The entirely autonomous operation utilized changes in the ambient temperature from take-off to cruise to activate the chevron shape change. It required no internal heaters, wiring, control system, or sensing. By design this provided one tip immersion at the warmer take-off temperatures to reduce community noise and another during the cooler cruise state for more efficient engine operation, i.e. reduced specific fuel consumption. For the flight tests a powered mode was added where internal heaters were used to individually control the VGC temperatures. This enabled us to vary the immersions and test a variety of chevron configurations. The flight test demonstrated the value of SMA actuators to solve a real world aerospace problem, validated that the technology could be safely integrated into the airplane's structure and flight system, and represented a large step forward in the realization of SMA actuators for production applications. In this paper the authors describe the development of the actuator system, the steps required to integrate the morphing structure into the thrust reverser, and the analysis and testing that was required to gain approval for flight. Issues related to material strength, thermal environment, vibration

SMA spring-based artificial muscle actuated by hot and cool water using faucet-like valve

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Cheol Hoon; Son, Young Su

2017-04-01

An artificial muscle for a human arm-like manipulator with high strain and high power density are under development, and an SMA(Shape memory alloy) spring is a good actuator for this application. In this study, an artificial muscle composed of a silicon tube and a bundle of SMA(Shape memory alloy) springs is evaluated. A bundle of SMA springs consists of five SMA springs which are fabricated by using SMA wires with a diameter of 0.5 mm, and hot and cool water actuates it by heating and cooling SMA springs. A faucet-like valve was also developed to mix hot water and cool water and control the water temperature. The mass of silicon tube and a bundle of SMA springs is only 3.3 g and 2.25 g, respectively, and the total mass of artificial muscle is 5.55 g. It showed good actuating performance for a load with a mass of 2.3 kg and the power density was more than 800 W/kg for continuous valve switching with a cycle of 0.6 s. The faucet-like valve can switch a water output from hot water to cold water within 0.3s, and the artificial muscle is actuated well in response to the valve position and speed. It is also presented that the temperature of the mixed water can be controlled depending on the valve position, and the displacement of the artificial muscle can be controlled well by the mixed water. Based on these results, SMA spring-based artificial muscle actuated by hot and cool water could be applicable to the human arm-like robot manipulators.

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI WEB SEKOLAH BAGI SMP DAN SMA MUHAMMADIYAH KARTASURA

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Heru Supriyono

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Observation and interview with headmasters, teachers and administrative employees results showed that one of main problems faced by SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura and SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kartasura is the do not have a representative school website. Based on this observation, after making discussion with headmasters, the community services team proposed an implementation of school website and train one of chosen teacher to manage implemented website. The outcomes of the community service activities are involving a school website for SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura and SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kartasura and scientific publication draft. The contribution of each school is including providing information which will be uploaded to the website, providing fee for domain and hosting cost, and providing facilities for administrator training. The duration of this commuity services is three months. The results of the community services is both SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kartasura dan SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kartasura are now have representative website for their promotion and administative activities.

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL LATIHAN FORGIVENESS UNTUK SISWA SMA DI KOTA MALANG

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Ari Dwi Yudhianto

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This research aims to develop a training modules forgiveness based on the appraisement of experts (reviewers and high school student's response to the training modules forgiveness that have been developed. This study adapting the model development of Borg and Gall (1983, while the structure of the writing module refers to the guide preparation of module which prepared by the Director General module PMPTK (2008. The results of this study are drafting a training module forgiveness for senior high school students in Malang. Based appraisement materials experts, media specialists, and linguists classified as good, according to school counselors classified very good and yield response of students classified as good. So, that these modules worthy be used in the awarding of guidance services in schools. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul latihan forgiveness  berdasarkan penilaian para ahli (reviewer dan respon siswa SMA terhadap Modul latihan forgiveness yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini mengadaptasi model pengembangan Borg and gall (1983, sedangkan struktur penulisan modul mengacu pada panduan penyusunan modul yang disusun oleh dirjen PMPTK (2008. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya modul latihan forgiveness untuk siswa SMA di Kota Malang yang berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, dan ahli bahasa tergolong baik, menurut konselor sekolah tergolong sangat baik dan hasil respon siswa tergolong baik. sehingga modul ini layak digunakan dalam pemberian layanan bimbingan di sekolah.

Involvement of Sac1 phosphoinositide phosphatase in the metabolism of phosphatidylserine in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Science.gov (United States)

Tani, Motohiro; Kuge, Osamu

2014-04-01

Sac1 is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that preferentially dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Mutation of SAC1 causes not only the accumulation of phosphoinositides but also reduction of the phosphatidylserine (PS) level in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we characterized the mechanism underlying the PS reduction in SAC1-deleted cells. Incorporation of (32) P into PS was significantly delayed in sac1∆ cells. Such a delay was also observed in SAC1- and PS decarboxylase gene-deleted cells, suggesting that the reduction in the PS level is caused by a reduction in the rate of biosynthesis of PS. A reduction in the PS level was also observed with repression of STT4 encoding phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase or deletion of VPS34 encoding phophatidylinositol 3-kinase. However, the combination of mutations of SAC1 and STT4 or VPS34 did not restore the reduced PS level, suggesting that both the synthesis and degradation of phosphoinositides are important for maintenance of the PS level. Finally, we observed an abnormal PS distribution in sac1∆ cells when a specific probe for PS was expressed. Collectively, these results suggested that Sac1 is involved in the maintenance of a normal rate of biosynthesis and distribution of PS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PENGEMBANGAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS PADA SMA NEGERI DI KOTA PALOPO

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Hilal Muhammad

2015-12-01

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap: (1 pelaksanaan pengembangan kinerja guru melalui PTK pada SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo; dan (2 hambatan da-lam pelaksanaan pengembangan kinerja guru melalui PTK pada SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian lapangan yang kajiannya bersifat kualitatif-verifikatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomeno-logi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dua hal. Pertama, pengembangan kinerja guru melalui PTK pada SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo belum berjalan optimal dan baru sebatas memenuhi kebutuhan persyarat-an kenaikan pangkat. Potensi guru belum dimanfaatkan melalui pemberdayaan, khususnya penelitian tindakan kelas. Kedua, hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pe-ngembangan kinerja guru melalui PTK pada SMA Negeri di Kota Palopo adalah keterbatasan waktu, dana, sumber referensi kurang, lingkungan tidak kondusif, dan motivasi kurang. Selain itu, sebagian guru juga masih mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan dan menyusun laporan hasil PTK.

Selective Intra-procedural AAA sac Embolization During EVAR Reduces the Rate of Type II Endoleak.

Science.gov (United States)

Mascoli, C; Freyrie, A; Gargiulo, M; Gallitto, E; Pini, R; Faggioli, G; Serra, C; De Molo, C; Stella, A

2016-05-01

The pre-treatment presence of at least six efferent patent vessels (EPV) from the AAA sac and/or AAA thrombus volume ratio (VR%) AAA sac embolization (Group A, 2012-2013) were retrospectively selected and compared with a control group of patients with the same p-MRF, who underwent EVAR without intra-procedural sac embolization (Group B, 2008-2010). The presence of ELIIp was evaluated by duplex ultrasound at 0 and 6 months, and by contrast enhanced ultrasound at 12 months. The association between AAA diameter, age, COPD, smoking, anticoagulant therapy, and AAA sac embolization with ELIIp was evaluated using multiple logistic regression. The primary endpoint was the effectiveness of the intra-procedural AAA sac embolization for ELIIp prevention. Secondary endpoints were AAA sac evolution and freedom from ELIIp and embolization related re-interventions at 6-12 months. Seventy patients were analyzed: 26 Group A and 44 Group B; the groups were homogeneous for clinical/morphological characteristics. In Group A the median number of coils positioned in AAA sac was 4.1 (IQR 1). There were no complications related to the embolization procedures. A significantly lower number of ELIIp was detected in Group A than in Group B (8/26 vs. 33/44, respectively, p AAA sac embolization was the only factor independently associated with freedom from ELIIp at 6 (OR 0.196, 95% CI 0.06-0.63; p = .007) and 12 months (OR 0.098, 95% CI 0.02-0.35; p AAA sac diameter shrinkage were detected between the two groups at 6-12 months (p = .42 and p = .58, respectively). Freedom from ELIIp related and embolization related re-interventions was 100% in both groups, at 6 and 12 months. Selective intra-procedural AAA sac embolization in patients with p-MRF is safe and could be an effective method to reduce ELIIp. Further studies are mandatory to support these results at long-term follow up. Copyright © 2015 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ADVANCE ORGANIZER BERBASIS MIND MAP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK BESARAN DAN SATUAN DI KELAS X SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karya Sinulingga

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran advance organizer berbasis mind map terhadap hasil belajar Fisika siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar semester I Tahun Pembelajaran 2012/2013 berjumlah 8 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara cluster random sampling, diambil 2 kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen diterapkan model pembelajaran advance organizer dan kelas kontrol diterapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pretes diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 37,25 dan kelas kontrol 36,63. Hasil uji beda nilai kedua kelas pada taraf signifikan á = 0,05 diperoleh thitung = 0,369 dan ttabel = 1,991. Dapat disimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai pretes kedua kelas, artinya kedua kelas memiliki kemampuan awal yang sama. Selanjutnya dilakukan pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran advance organizer berbasis mind map pada kelas eksperimen dan pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas kontrol. Setelah pembelajaran diberikan kemudian pada kedua kelas dilakukan postes. Untuk kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata-rata 72,50 dan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh 60,63. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 diperoleh hitung t = 4,479 dan tabel t = 1,666. Karena hitung t > tabel t maka hipotesis (Ha diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran advance organizer berbasis mind map terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pokok besaran Fisika dan satuannya di kelas X semester I SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar T.P 2012/2013.

Fabrication and characterization of a dual-joint smart inhaler nozzle actuated by embedded SMA wires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furst, Stephen J; Seelecke, Stefan

2014-01-01

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires offer a novel solution for many embedded actuator and sensor applications. Small SMA wires in particular can be heated with a relatively low electric current, cool rapidly, and serve as a sensor thanks to a measurable resistance change. However, the challenges of fabrication with SMA actuator wires as well as their hysteretic nature have prevented them from finding mainstream application. This work focuses on the process used to control the fabrication of an SMA-actuated adaptive nozzle for the previously presented Smart Inhaler application. The elements of nozzle design that facilitate fabrication are summarized and an assembly setup and procedure is presented for controlling the stress and strain in the SMA wires while they are attached to the nozzle structure via temperature-resistant adhesives. Finally, the performance of the nozzle is characterized by measuring the changes in nozzle deflection and SMA wire strain and resistance in response to a controlled Joule heating power input. Results show controlling pre-stress in the wires during assembly can lead to reproducible behavior, an input heating power serves to control nozzle deflection, and a measured resistance can provide a useful sensor of SMA wire strain and nozzle joint deflection. (paper)

Specific methanogenic activity (SMA of industrial sludge from the aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment

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Danieli Schneiders

2013-08-01

Full Text Available In this study, specific methanogenic activity (SMA tests were performed on textile sludge and food industry sludge. The textile sludge from an activated sludge was collected at the entrance of the secondary biologic clarifier and the food sludge was collected in a UASB reactor. Once collected, the sludges were characterized and tested for SMA. It was found that the microrganisms present in the food sludge had SMA of 0.17 gCOD-CH4 gSSV.d-1 and 337.05 mL of methane production, while the microrganisms of the textile sludge presented 0.10 gCOD-CH4 gSSV.d-1 of SMA and 3.04 mL of methane production. Therefore, the food sludge was more suitable to be used as a starting inoculum in UASB.

Seismic Analysis Code (SAC): Development, porting, and maintenance within a legacy code base

Science.gov (United States)

Savage, B.; Snoke, J. A.

2017-12-01

The Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) is the result of toil of many developers over almost a 40-year history. Initially a Fortran-based code, it has undergone major transitions in underlying bit size from 16 to 32, in the 1980s, and 32 to 64 in 2009; as well as a change in language from Fortran to C in the late 1990s. Maintenance of SAC, the program and its associated libraries, have tracked changes in hardware and operating systems including the advent of Linux in the early 1990, the emergence and demise of Sun/Solaris, variants of OSX processors (PowerPC and x86), and Windows (Cygwin). Traces of these systems are still visible in source code and associated comments. A major concern while improving and maintaining a routinely used, legacy code is a fear of introducing bugs or inadvertently removing favorite features of long-time users. Prior to 2004, SAC was maintained and distributed by LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Lab). In that year, the license was transferred from LLNL to IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology), but the license is not open source. However, there have been thousands of downloads a year of the package, either source code or binaries for specific system. Starting in 2004, the co-authors have maintained the SAC package for IRIS. In our updates, we fixed bugs, incorporated newly introduced seismic analysis procedures (such as EVALRESP), added new, accessible features (plotting and parsing), and improved the documentation (now in HTML and PDF formats). Moreover, we have added modern software engineering practices to the development of SAC including use of recent source control systems, high-level tests, and scripted, virtualized environments for rapid testing and building. Finally, a "sac-help" listserv (administered by IRIS) was setup for SAC-related issues and is the primary avenue for users seeking advice and reporting bugs. Attempts are always made to respond to issues and bugs in a timely fashion. For the past thirty-plus years

KONTRIBUSI KONSELOR DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK SMA

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Agung Slamet Kusmanto

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Pengembangan model Pendidikan Holistik Berbasis Karakter, yang memfokuskan pada pembentukan seluruh aspek dimensi manusia, sehingga dapat menjadi manusia yang berkarakter. Kurikulum Holistik Berbasis Karakter ini disusun berdasarkan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK dan diterapkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Student Active Learning, Integrated Learning, Developmentally Appropriate Practices, Contextual Learning, Collaborative Learning, dan Multiple Intelligences yang semuanya dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang efektif dan menyenangkan, serta dapat mengembangkan seluruh aspek dimensi manusia secara holistik. Maka diperlukan peran yang sangat besar dari guru pembimbing (konselor SMA dalam mengembangkan potensi peserta didiknya dalam mengembangkan potensinya dan membentuk karakter individu itu sendiri dan memberikan warna positif dalam suasana pembelajaran.

Direct Effects of Microalgae and Protists on Herring (Clupea harengus Yolk Sac Larvae.

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Björn Illing

Full Text Available This study investigated effects of microalgae (Rhodomonas baltica and heterotrophic protists (Oxyrrhis marina on the daily growth, activity, condition and feeding success of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus larvae from hatch, through the end of the endogenous (yolk sac period. Yolk sac larvae were reared in the presence and absence of microplankton and, each day, groups of larvae were provided access to copepods. Larvae reared with microalgae and protists exhibited precocious (2 days earlier and ≥ 60% increased feeding incidence on copepods compared to larvae reared in only seawater (SW. In the absence and presence of microalgae and protists, life span and growth trajectories of yolk sac larvae were similar and digestive enzyme activity (trypsin and nutritional condition (RNA-DNA ratio markedly declined in all larvae directly after yolk sac depletion. Thus, microplankton promoted early feeding but was not sufficient to alter life span and growth during the yolk sac phase. Given the importance of early feeding, field programs should place greater emphasis on the protozooplankton-ichthyoplankton link to better understand match-mismatch dynamics and bottom-up drivers of year class success in marine fish.

Direct Effects of Microalgae and Protists on Herring (Clupea harengus) Yolk Sac Larvae.

Science.gov (United States)

Illing, Björn; Moyano, Marta; Niemax, Jan; Peck, Myron A

2015-01-01

This study investigated effects of microalgae (Rhodomonas baltica) and heterotrophic protists (Oxyrrhis marina) on the daily growth, activity, condition and feeding success of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae from hatch, through the end of the endogenous (yolk sac) period. Yolk sac larvae were reared in the presence and absence of microplankton and, each day, groups of larvae were provided access to copepods. Larvae reared with microalgae and protists exhibited precocious (2 days earlier) and ≥ 60% increased feeding incidence on copepods compared to larvae reared in only seawater (SW). In the absence and presence of microalgae and protists, life span and growth trajectories of yolk sac larvae were similar and digestive enzyme activity (trypsin) and nutritional condition (RNA-DNA ratio) markedly declined in all larvae directly after yolk sac depletion. Thus, microplankton promoted early feeding but was not sufficient to alter life span and growth during the yolk sac phase. Given the importance of early feeding, field programs should place greater emphasis on the protozooplankton-ichthyoplankton link to better understand match-mismatch dynamics and bottom-up drivers of year class success in marine fish.

Conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated prior to cataract surgery

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Suto C

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Chikako Suto1,2, Masahiro Morinaga1,2, Tomoko Yagi1,2, Chieko Tsuji3, Hiroshi Toshida41Department of Ophthalmology, Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Saitama; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Saitama; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, JapanObjective: To determine the trends of conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated from patients prior to cataract surgery.Subjects and methods: The study comprised 579 patients (579 eyes who underwent cataract surgery. Specimens were collected by lightly rubbing the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac with a sterile cotton swab 2 weeks before surgery, and then cultured for isolation of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. The bacterial isolates and percentage of drug-resistant isolates were compared among age groups and according to whether or not patients had diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, dialysis therapy, oral steroid use, dry eye syndrome, or allergic conjunctivitis.Results: The bacterial isolation rate was 39.2%. There were 191 strains of Gram-positive cocci, accounting for the majority of all isolates (67.0%, among which methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci was the most frequent (127 strains, 44.5%, followed by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (37 strains, 12.7%. All 76 Gram-positive bacillary isolates (26.7% were from the genus Corynebacterium. Among the 16 Gram-negative bacillary isolates (5.9%, the most frequent was Escherichia coli (1.0%. The bacterial isolation rate was higher in patients >60 years old, and was lower in patients with dry eye syndrome, patients under topical treatment for other ocular disorders, and patients with hyperlipidemia. There was no significant difference in bacterial isolation rate with respect to the presence/absence of diabetes mellitus, steroid therapy, dialysis, or

The Effectiveness of KNOS-KGS Learning Model to Improve Generic Science Skill and Biology Student Learning Outcomes SMA PGRI 1 Banjarmasin

OpenAIRE

Nefianthi, Rezky

2015-01-01

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the model KNOS-KGS, to improve the learning outcomes of Biology at the ecosystem material in class X SMA PGRI 1 Banjarmasin. This research is a classroom action research, conducted in two cycles. Each cycle is done with two meetings. This study was conducted on 25 students in class X1. The research data is the result of student learning that consists of cognitive learning outcomes such as pretest and posttest. Affective learning outcomes such ...

An unusual feature of yolk sac placentation in Necromys lasiurus (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Favaron, P O; Carter, Anthony Michael; Mess, A M

2012-01-01

. Elsewhere it was non-villous and closely attached to the uterus. The uterine glands were shallow and wide mouthed. They were associated with vessels and filled with secretion, suggesting the release of histotroph. This feature was absent at later stages. The intimate association of the yolk sac......We studied the development of the inverted yolk sac in a New World rodent, Necromys lasiurus during early placentation. Ten implantation sites were investigated by means of histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The yolk sac was villous near its attachment to the placenta...

Distinct antigenic characteristics of murine parietal yolk sac laminin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wewer, U M; Tichy, D; Damjanov, A

1987-01-01

Two monoclonal antibodies (LAM-A and LAM-B) specific for laminin from normal and neoplastic parietal yolk sac (PYS) cells were produced in rats immunized with a mouse yolk sac carcinoma cell line. Both antibodies immunoprecipitated the 400,000- and 200,000-Da chains of laminin and reacted...... with purified PYS laminin in ELISA. LAM-A reacted with mouse and rat PYS laminin, whereas LAM-B reacted only with mouse PYS laminin. Formaldehyde- and methanol-fixed adult and fetal somatic tissues were immunohistochemically unreactive with either of the two antibodies. In acetone-fixed tissue sections, both...

Laminin, a noncollagenous component of epithelial basement membranes synthesized by a rat yolk sac tumor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wewer, U; Albrechtsen, R; Ruoslahti, E

1981-01-01

Laminin, a glycoprotein antigenically similar or identical to a component of epithelial basement membranes, was identified as a major component of the abundant extracellular matrix synthesized by an experimentally induced rat yolk sac tumor. Immunocytochemical staining revealed laminin in cultured...... polypeptides with molecular weights of approximately 200,000 and 400,000. These comigrated with the polypeptides of mouse laminin isolated previously. The yolk sac tumor tissue grown in vivo contained laminin in the tumor cells and in the extracellular material as evidenced by immunofluorescence...... membranes in rat tissues in a manner indistinguishable from antilaminin. The presence of laminin in rat yolk sac cells, the presumed origin of our yolk sac tumor, was studied in some detail. Laminin was found to be present in normal cells of the visceral as well as the parietal yolk sac layer...

Microstructural modeling of fatigue fracture of shape memory alloys at thermomechanical cyclic loading

Science.gov (United States)

Belyaev, Fedor S.; Evard, Margarita E.; Volkov, Aleksandr E.

2018-05-01

A microstructural model of shape memory alloys (SMA) describing their deformation and fatigue fracture is presented. A new criterion of fracture has been developed which takes into account the effect of hydrostatic pressure, deformation defects and material damage. It is shown that the model can describe the fatigue fracture of SMA under various thermomechanical cycling regimes. Results of calculating the number of cycles to failure at thermocycling under a constant stress, at symmetric two-sided cyclic deformation, at straining-unloading cycles, at cycling in the regime of the thermodynamic cycles of a SMA working body in the hard (strain controlled) and soft (stress controlled) working cycles, is studied. Results of calculating the number of cycles to failure are presented for different parameters of these cycles.

The endolymphatic sac: a scanning and transmission electron microscopy study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Qvortrup, Klaus; Bretlau, Poul

2002-01-01

A recent investigation has suggested that the chief cells of the endolymphatic sac produce an endogenous inhibitor of sodium resorption in the kidneys, tentatively named saccin. In the current study, the ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac and in particular the chief cells are described...... to demonstrate that this organ fulfils the morphological criteria of a potential endocrine gland. Accordingly, the chief cells are shown to exhibit all the organelles and characteristics of cells that simultaneously synthesize, secrete, absorb and digest proteins....

Application and study of conjunctival sac disinfectants in ophthalmic surgeries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yan-Fei Luo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Postoperative endophthalmitis is the most serious complications of ophthalmic surgeries. Conjunctival sac disinfection is currently recognized as an effectively important way to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis. At present, there are some disinfectants has been used in clinic or in the researches:mercury agent, gentamicin, povidone iodine and acid electrolytic water. All kinds of disinfectants play the role of disinfection by different ways. Povidone iodine is the most widely used conjunctival sac disinfectant. Mercurial and gentamicin have been rarely used because they pollute the environment, are easy to cause drug resistant bacteria, localized side reactions and so on. The acid electrolyte water is not used in clinic at present. With the popularization and development of the ophthalmic surgeries, the ophthalmologists have become more and more concerned about the postoperative eye comfort, the research and application of conjunctival sac disinfectant in the future will continue to be updated and developed.

Percutaneous Thrombin Injection to Complete SMA Pseudoaneurysm Exclusion After Failing of Endograft Placement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szopinski, Piotr; Ciostek, Piotr; Pleban, Eliza; Iwanowski, Jaroslaw; Krol, Malgorzata Serafin-; Marianowska, Agnieszka; Noszczyk, Wojciech

2005-01-01

Visceral aneurysms are potentially life-threatening vascular lesions. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) pseudoaneurysms are a rare but well-recognized complication of chronic pancreatitis. Open surgical repair of such an aneurysm, especially in patients after previous surgical treatment, might be dangerous and risky. Stent graft implantation makes SMA pseudoaneurysm exclusion possible and therefore avoids a major abdominal operation. Percutaneous direct thrombin injection is also one of the methods of treating aneurysms in this area. We report a first case of percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection to complete SMA pseudoaneurysm exclusion after an unsuccessful endograft placement. Six-month follow-up did not demonstrate any signs of aneurysm recurrence

Auto-inflammatory challenge of the endolymphatic sac - Cochlear damage measured by distortion product oto-acoustic emissions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Michael; Friis, Morten; Karlsen, Charlotte Vestrup

2015-01-01

CONCLUSION: Twenty-five rats were challenged by an immunologic attack of the endolymphatic sac. After 6 months, distortion product oto-acoustic emissions (DPOAE) revealed a dysfunction of the outer hair cells and immunological active cells were observed in the endolymphatic sac. This information...... could contribute to the understanding of Ménière's disease. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated if an autoimmune challenge of the endolymphatic sac could affect DPOAE output measurements in rats. Also, a potential autoimmune cell infiltration of the endolymphatic sac was investigated. METHODS: Eighteen...

Recovery and residual stress of SMA wires and applications for concrete structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Eunsoo; Cho, Sung-Chul; Park, Taehyo; Hu, Jong Wan; Chung, Young-Soo

2010-01-01

In general, NiTi shape memory alloys are used for applications in civil structures. NiTi SMAs show good superelasticity and shape memory effect properties. However, for application of the shape memory effect, it is desirable for SMAs to show a wide temperature hysteresis, especially for civil structures which are exposed to severe environmental conditions. NiTiNb SMAs, in general, show a wider temperature hysteresis than NiTi SMAs and are more applicable for civil structures. This study examines the temperature hysteresis of NiTiNb and NiTi SMAs, and their recovery and residual stress are investigated. In addition, the tensile behaviors of SMA wires under residual stress are evaluated. This study explains the possible applications for concrete structures with the shape memory effect and illustrates two experimental results of concrete cylinders and reinforced concrete columns. For both tests, SMA wires of NiTiNb and NiTi are used to confine concrete using residual stress. The SMA wire jackets on the concrete cylinders increase the peak strength and the ductility compared to the plain concrete cylinders. In addition, the SMA wire jackets on reinforced concrete columns increase the ductility greatly without flexural strength degradation

Clinical significance of determination of SAC/PRA value in patients with primary aldosteronism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Liren; Dai Yaozong; Liu Jiumin

2003-01-01

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic significance of determining SAC/PRA valve in hyperaldosteronism. Methods: Plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin (AT-II) as well as serum aldosterone contents were measured with RIA in 48 patients with primary aldosteronism and 30 controls. The SAC/PRA value was calculated. Results: Contents of PRA, AT-II and Aldo in blood of patients with primary aldosteronism were very significantly different from those in controls (p < 0.001) (PRA 0.14 ± 0.08 ng/ml/h vs 0.57 ± 0.08 ng/ml/h; AT-II 21.21 ± 7.55 ng/L vs 36.03 ± 6.11 ng/L; Aldo 1.07 ± 0.34 nmol/L vs 0.33 ± 0.04 nmol/L). Calculated SAC/PRA value was 913 ± 409 (normal upper limit 400). Conclusion: SAC/PRA value is an useful accessory diagnostic criterion for primary aldosteronism

Evaluating uncertainty estimates in hydrologic models: borrowing measures from the forecast verification community

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. J. Franz

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The hydrologic community is generally moving towards the use of probabilistic estimates of streamflow, primarily through the implementation of Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP systems, ensemble data assimilation methods, or multi-modeling platforms. However, evaluation of probabilistic outputs has not necessarily kept pace with ensemble generation. Much of the modeling community is still performing model evaluation using standard deterministic measures, such as error, correlation, or bias, typically applied to the ensemble mean or median. Probabilistic forecast verification methods have been well developed, particularly in the atmospheric sciences, yet few have been adopted for evaluating uncertainty estimates in hydrologic model simulations. In the current paper, we overview existing probabilistic forecast verification methods and apply the methods to evaluate and compare model ensembles produced from two different parameter uncertainty estimation methods: the Generalized Uncertainty Likelihood Estimator (GLUE, and the Shuffle Complex Evolution Metropolis (SCEM. Model ensembles are generated for the National Weather Service SACramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA model for 12 forecast basins located in the Southeastern United States. We evaluate the model ensembles using relevant metrics in the following categories: distribution, correlation, accuracy, conditional statistics, and categorical statistics. We show that the presented probabilistic metrics are easily adapted to model simulation ensembles and provide a robust analysis of model performance associated with parameter uncertainty. Application of these methods requires no information in addition to what is already available as part of traditional model validation methodology and considers the entire ensemble or uncertainty range in the approach.

Submillimeter Array (SMA) Newsletter August 2011

OpenAIRE

Blundell, Raymond

2011-01-01

Submillimeter Array (SMA) Newsletter August 2011 Blundell, Raymond Submillimeter Array Newsletter | Number 12 | August 2011 CONTENTS 1 From the Director SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS: 2 Faint Submillimeter Sources behind Massive Lensing Clusters 5 Millimeter Imaging of the β Pictoris Debris Disk: Evidence for a Planetesimal Belt 7 Physical Properties of the Circumnuclear Starburst Ring in the Barred Galaxy NGC1097 TECHNICAL HIGHLIGHTS: 9 ...

Sistem Informasi Akademik pada SMA Hang Tuah Belawan

OpenAIRE

Tanjung, Dini Syahroni

2015-01-01

Informasi yang disampaikan oleh SMA HANG TUAH BELAWAN selama ini disebarkan melalui brosur dan cara yang seperti itu kurang efektif. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah sistem informasi akademik ini agar penyampaian informasinya lebih efektif dan efisien. 092406181

Phenotypic and genotypic studies of ALS cases in ALS-SMA families.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcia, Philippe; Vourc'h, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Couratier, Philippe; Dangoumau, Audrey; Bellance, Remi; Desnuelle, Claude; Viader, Fausto; Pautot, Vivien; Millecamps, Stephanie; Bakkouche, Salah; Salachas, FranÇois; Andres, Christian R; Meininger, Vincent; Camu, William

2018-03-01

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most frequent motor neuron disorders in adulthood and infancy, respectively. There is a growing literature supporting common pathophysiological patterns between those disorders. One important clinical issue for that is the co-occurrence of both diseases within a family. To collect families in which ALS and SMA patients co-exist and describe the phenotype and the genotype of ALS patients. Nine families with co-occurrence of SMA and ALS have been gathered over the last 15 years. Epidemiological, phenotype and genetic status were collected. Out of the nine families, six corresponded to the criteria of familial ALS (FALS). Clinical data were available for 11 patients out of the 15 ALS cases. Mean age of onset was 58.5 years, site of onset was lower limbs in nine cases (81.8%), median duration was 22 months. Four ALS patients carried a mutation: three mutations in SOD1 gene (G147N in two cases and one with E121G) and one repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene. Three patients had abnormal SMN1 copy numbers. While the high proportion of familial history of ALS cases in these ALS-SMA pedigrees could have suggested that these familial clusters of the two most frequent MND rely on a genetic background, we failed to exclude that this occurred by chance.

Nonlinear Analysis for the Crack Control of SMA Smart Concrete Beam Based on a Bidirectional B-Spline QR Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yan Li

2018-01-01

Full Text Available A bidirectional B-spline QR method (BB-sQRM for the study on the crack control of the reinforced concrete (RC beam embedded with shape memory alloy (SMA wires is presented. In the proposed method, the discretization is performed with a set of spline nodes in two directions of the plane model, and structural displacement fields are constructed by the linear combination of the products of cubic B-spline interpolation functions. To derive the elastoplastic stiffness equation of the RC beam, an explicit form is utilized to express the elastoplastic constitutive law of concrete materials. The proposed model is compared with the ANSYS model in several numerical examples. The results not only show that the solutions given by the BB-sQRM are very close to those given by the finite element method (FEM but also prove the high efficiency and low computational cost of the BB-sQRM. Meanwhile, the five parameters, such as depth-span ratio, thickness of concrete cover, reinforcement ratio, prestrain, and eccentricity of SMA wires, are investigated to learn their effects on the crack control. The results show that depth-span ratio of RC beams and prestrain and eccentricity of SMA wires have a significant influence on the control performance of beam cracks.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN BERBASIS KOMPUTER UNTUK SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suci Cahyati

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa CD pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan berbasis komputer untuk SMA yang valid dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D. Media yang dikembangkan memuat materi tentang HIV/AIDS. Pengembangan media pembelajaran ini menggunakan software Adobe Flash Cs3 Professional. Media yang telah dikembangkan melalui dua tahap penelitiannya itu validasi ahli dan uji coba lapangan. Berdasarkan validasi ahli dan uji coba lapangan hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk termasuk kriteria “Sangat baik” dengan rerata skor 4,25. Hasil tes siswa mengalami peningkatan dari rerata skor pretest 5,53 dan rerata skor posttest 7,56. Berdasarkan hasil tes tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran di SMA. Kata kunci: Pengembangan media, penjasorkes, SMA

Semantic memory retrieval circuit: role of pre-SMA, caudate, and thalamus.

Science.gov (United States)

Hart, John; Maguire, Mandy J; Motes, Michael; Mudar, Raksha Anand; Chiang, Hsueh-Sheng; Womack, Kyle B; Kraut, Michael A

2013-07-01

We propose that pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA)-thalamic interactions govern processes fundamental to semantic retrieval of an integrated object memory. At the onset of semantic retrieval, pre-SMA initiates electrical interactions between multiple cortical regions associated with semantic memory subsystems encodings as indexed by an increase in theta-band EEG power. This starts between 100-150 ms after stimulus presentation and is sustained throughout the task. We posit that this activity represents initiation of the object memory search, which continues in searching for an object memory. When the correct memory is retrieved, there is a high beta-band EEG power increase, which reflects communication between pre-SMA and thalamus, designates the end of the search process and resultant in object retrieval from multiple semantic memory subsystems. This high beta signal is also detected in cortical regions. This circuit is modulated by the caudate nuclei to facilitate correct and suppress incorrect target memories. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of SMA Actuated Morphing Airfoil for Wind Turbine Load Alleviation

Science.gov (United States)

Karakalas, A.; Machairas, T.; Solomou, A.; Riziotis, V.; Saravanos, D.

Wind turbine rotor upscaling has entered a range of rotor diameters where the blade structure cannot sustain the increased aerodynamic loads without novel load alleviation concepts. Research on load alleviation using morphing blade sections is presented. Antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators are implemented to deflect the section trailing edge (TE) to target shapes and target time-series relating TE movement with changes in lift coefficient. Challenges encountered by the complex thermomechanical response of morphing section and the enhancement of SMA transient response to achieve frequencies meaningful for aerodynamic load alleviation are addressed. Using a recently developed finite element for SMA actuators [1], actuator configurations are considered for fast cooling and heating cycles. Numerical results quantify the attained ranges of TE angle movement, the moving time period and the developed stresses. Estimations of the attained variations of lift coefficient vs. time are also presented to assess the performance of the morphing section.

An improved tuned mass damper (SMA-TMD) assisted by a shape memory alloy spring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mishra, Sudib K; Gur, Sourav; Chakraborty, Subrata

2013-01-01

The tuned mass damper (TMD) is a well acclaimed passive control device for vibration control of structures. However, the requirement of a higher mass ratio restricts its applicability for seismic vibration control of civil engineering structures. Improving the performance of TMDs has been attempted by supplementing them with nonlinear restoring devices. In this regard, the ability of shape memory alloy (SMA) in dissipating energy through a hysteretic phase transformation of its microstructure triggered by cyclic loading is notable. An improved version of TMD assisted by a nonlinear shape memory alloy (SMA) spring, referred as SMA-TMD, is studied here for seismic vibration mitigation. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted based on nonlinear random vibration analysis via stochastic linearization of the nonlinear force–deformation hysteresis of the SMA. A design optimization based on minimizing the root mean square displacement of the main structure is also carried out to postulate the optimal design parameters for the proposed system. The viability of the optimal design is verified with respect to its performance under recorded earthquake motions. Significant improvements of the control efficiency and a reduction of the TMD displacement at a much reduced mass ratio are shown to be achieved in the proposed SMA-TMD over those in the linear TMD. (paper)

Ultrastructure of endothelium in ovules of Penstemon gentianoides Poir. (Scrophulariaceae) at mature embryo sac phase.

Science.gov (United States)

Dane, Feruzan; Olgun, Göksel; Ekici, Nuran

2007-06-01

In this study ultrastructural differences between endothelial cells of different location in Penstemon gentianoides have been examined with electron microscope at mature embryo sac phase. Embryo sac is of the Polygonum type and surrounded by endothelium except the micropylar region. The cuticle is located primarily around the chalazal three-fourths of the embryo sac. Endothelium cells around the chalaza and toward the micropylar region are rich in cytoplasmic organelles. The cytoplasm of endothelial cells near the central cell has large vacuoles and few organelles. There are also plasmodesmas on the anticlinal walls of endothelial cells. The endothelium and the micropylar integumentary cells play a role in transport of metabolites into the embryo sac.

Investigation on the Cyclic Response of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA Slit Damper Devices Simulated by Quasi-Static Finite Element (FE Analyses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jong Wan Hu

2014-02-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA slit damper system as an alternative design approach for steel structures is intended to be evaluated with respect to inelastic behavior simulated by refined finite element (FE analyses. Although the steel slit dampers conventionally used for aseismic design are able to dissipate a considerable amount of energy generated by the plastic yielding of the base materials, large permanent deformation may occur in the entire structure. After strong seismic events, extra damage repair costs are required to restore the original configuration and to replace defective devices with new ones. Innovative slit dampers fabricated by superelastic SMAs that automatically recover their initial conditions only by the removal of stresses without heat treatment are introduced with a view toward mitigating the problem of permanent deformation. The cyclically tested FE models are calibrated to experimental results for the purpose of predicting accurate behavior. This study also focuses on the material constitutive model that is able to reproduce the inherent behavior of superelastic SMA materials by taking phase transformation between austenite and martensite into consideration. The responses of SMA slit dampers are compared to those of steel slit dampers. Axial stress and strain components are also investigated on the FE models under cyclic loading in an effort to validate the adequacy of FE modeling and then to compare between two slit damper systems. It can be shown that SMA slit dampers exhibit many structural advantages in terms of ultimate strength, moderate energy dissipation and recentering capability.

Gene Expression in the Human Endolymphatic Sac

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Martin Nue; Kirkeby, Svend; Vikeså, Jonas

2015-01-01

a1 sodium-bicarbonate transporter, SLC9a2 sodium-hydrogen transporter, SLC12a3 thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl transporter, and SLC34a2 sodium-phosphate transporter. CONCLUSIONS: Several important ion transporters of the SLC family are expressed in the human endolymphatic sac, including Pendrin...

Anatomy and histology of the newly discovered adipose sac structure within the labia majora: international original research.

Science.gov (United States)

Ostrzenski, Adam; Krajewski, Pawel; Davis, Kern

2016-09-01

To determine whether there is any new anatomical structure present within the labia majora. A case serial study was executed on eleven consecutive fresh human female cadavers. Stratum-by-stratum dissections of the labia majora were performed. Twenty-two anatomic dissections of labia majora were completed. Eosin and Hematoxylin agents were used to stain newly discovered adipose sac's tissues of the labia majora and the cylinder-like structures, which cover condensed adipose tissues. The histology of these two structures was compared. All dissected labia majora demonstrated the presence of the anatomic existence of the adipose sac structure. Just under the dermis of the labia majora, the adipose sac was located, which was filled with lobules containing condensed fatty tissues in the form of cylinders. The histological investigation established that the well-organized fibro-connective-adipose tissues represented the adipose sac. The absence of descriptions of the adipose sac within the labia majora in traditional anatomic and gynecologic textbooks was noted. In this study group, the newly discovered adipose sac is consistently present within the anatomical structure of the labia majora. The well-organized fibro-connective-adipose tissue represents microscopic characteristic features of the adipose sac.

Sporadic Endolymphatic Sac Tumor-A Very Rare Cause of Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schnack, Didde Trærup; Kiss, Katalin; Hansen, Søren

2017-01-01

Sporadic endolymphatic sac tumor is a very rare neoplasm. It is low malignant, locally destructive and expansive, but non-metastasizing. The tumor is very rare in the sporadic form, but more often associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease. A 65-year old man with left sided tinnitus and hearing loss......-operative freeze-microscopy showed inflammation tissue, whereas subsequent microscopy showed papillary-cystic endolymphatic sac tumor. Endolymphatic sac tumor is a rare neoplasm. The tumor may present with asymmetrically sensory neural hearing loss with or without tinnitus, dizziness and facial nerve paresis...

Metal muscles and nerves—a self-sensing SMA-actuated hand concept

Science.gov (United States)

Simone, F.; Rizzello, G.; Seelecke, S.

2017-09-01

Bio-inspired hand-like grippers actuated by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires represent an emerging new technology with potential applications in many different fields, ranging from industrial assembly processes to biomedical systems. The inherently high energy density makes SMAs a natural choice for compact, lightweight, and silent actuator systems capable of producing a high amount of work, such as hand prostheses or robotic systems in industrial human/machine environments. In this work, a concept for a compact and versatile gripping system is developed, in which SMA wires are implemented as antagonistic muscles actuating an artificial hand with three fingers. In order to combine high gripping force with sufficient actuation speed, the muscle implementation pursues a multi-wire concept with several 0.1 mm diameter NiTi wires connected in parallel, in order to increase the surface-to-volume ratio for accelerated cooling. The paper starts with an illustration of the design concept of an individual 3-phalanx-finger, along with kinematic considerations for optimal placement of SMA wires. Three identical fingers are subsequently fabricated via 3D printing and assembled into a hand-like gripper. The maximum displacement of each finger phalanx is measured, and an average phalanxes dynamic responsiveness is evaluated. SMA self-sensing is documented by experiments relating the wires change in resistance to the finger motion. Several finger force measurements are also performed. The versatility of the gripper is finally documented by displaying a variety of achievable grasping configurations.

Optimization of SMA layers in composite structures to enhance damping

Science.gov (United States)

Haghdoust, P.; Cinquemani, S.; Lecis, N.; Bassani, P.

2016-04-01

The performance of lightweight structures can be severely affected by vibration. New design concepts leading to lightweight, slender structural components can increase the vulnerability of the components to failure due to excessive vibration. The intelligent approach to address the problem would be the use of materials which are more capable in dissipating the energy due to their high value of loss factor. Among the different materials available to achieve damping, much attention has been attached to the use of shape memory alloys (SMAs) because of their unique microstructure, leading to good damping capacity. This work describes the design and optimization of a hybrid layered composite structure for the passive suppression of flexural vibrations in slender and light structures. Embedding the SMA layers in composite structure allows to combine different properties: the lightness of the base composite (e.g. fiber glass), the mechanical strength of the insert of metallic material and the relevant damping properties of SMA, in the martensitic phase. In particular, we put our attention on embedding the CuZnAl in the form of thin sheet in a layered composite made by glass fiber reinforced epoxy. By appropriately positioning of the SMA sheets so that they are subjected to the maximum curvature, the damping of the hybrid system can be considerably enhanced. Accordingly analytical method for evaluating the energy dissipation of the thin sheets with different shapes and patterns is developed and is followed by a shape optimization based on genetic algorithm. Eventually different configurations of the hybrid beam structure with different patterns of SMA layer are proposed and compared in the term of damping capacity.

Innate immune defense in the inner ear - mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Martin N; Kirkeby, Svend; Cayé-Thomasen, Per

2017-01-01

The human endolymphatic sac has been shown recently to have immunological capacities and has thus been proposed as the main entity protecting the inner ear from pathogen invasion, equivalent to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Although the sac expresses molecules of the innate immune...... system, the potential expression of members of the important mucin family has not been detailed. Thus, this paper explores endolymphatic sac expression of a number of mucins and mucin precursors. Twelve fresh tissue samples from the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during translabyrinthine surgery...... immunological tissue structure of the inner ear, equivalent to MALT in other organs. The mucins may also play a role in the formation and continuous homeostasis of the inner ear fluids, as well as the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease....

Pengembangan Program Macromedia Flash 8 untuk Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA

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Wiji Susilowati

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian adalah membuat dan mengevaluasi media pembelajaran fisika SMA menggunakan program Macromedia Flash 8. Subjek coba pada penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang yang terdiri dari 10 siswa untuk uji coba instrumen penelitian, 10 siswa untuk ujicoba kelompok kecdl, dan 20 siswa untuk uji coba lapangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengguna­kan kuesioner dan tes fisika (pre-test dan post-test. Evaluasi terhadap program ditinjau dari aspek pembelajaran dan aspek media. Kritik dan saran digunakan untuk memperbaiki program. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Macromedia Flash 8 untuk pembelajaran fisika di SMA: (1 dirancang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip desain pembelajaran, (2 terbukti mampu menaikkan skor rerata tes fisika siswa sebesar 55,42%, (3 memiliki efisiensi waktu yang tinggi, (4 ditinjau dari aspek media Hinilai cukup bagus/menarik (dinilai/dikategorikan sedang oleh siswa, (5 ditinjau dari aspek pembelajaran secara keseluruhan program ini dinilai tinggi/jelas dimengerti oleh siswa, (6 ditinjau dari aspek media dinilai menarik (bagus/kategori tinggi oleh guru fisika, dan (7 ditinjau dari aspek pembelajaran juga dinilai menarik (bagus/kategori tinggi oleh guru fisika. Kata kunci: media pembelajaran fisika diSMA.

Spectral Amplitude Coding (SAC)-OCDMA Network with 8DPSK

Science.gov (United States)

Aldhaibani, A. O.; Aljunid, S. A.; Fadhil, Hilal A.; Anuar, M. S.

2013-09-01

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique is required to meet the increased demand for high speed, large capacity communications in optical networks. In this paper, the transmission performance of a spectral amplitude coding (SAC)-OCDMA network is investigated when a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) is used as the transmission link using 8DPSK modulation. The DW has a fixed weight of two. Simulation results reveal that the transmission distance is limited mainly by the fiber dispersion when high coding chip rate is used. For a two-user SAC-OCDMA network operating with 2 Gbit/s data rate and two wavelengths for each user, the maximum allowable transmission distance is about 15 km.

Insertion of a self-expandable metallic stent in canine lacrimal Sac : a long-term evaluation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Ho Young; Sung, Kyu Bo; Yoon, Hyun Ki [Univ. of Ulsan, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of). College of Medicine; Kwon, Soon Tae [Chungnam National Univ., Taejon (Korea, Republic of). Medical School; Lee, Ho Jung; Lee, In Chul; Kim, Tae Hyung; Park, Sang Soo; Huh, Soo Jin [Univ. of Ulsan, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of). College of Medicine

1998-01-01

To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcome of the use of self-expandable metallic Z-stents in the canine lacrimal sac. Stent placement was technically successful and well tolerated in all but one lacrimal sac, in which the stent was misplaced. At three and six months after stent placement, stent wires were not encased by epithelium, but at nine months, and one, two and three years after placement, six of the 12 stents had become encased in a proliferation of this where the stent wires contacted the lacrimal sac wall. In no lacrimal system in which stent placement had been successful was migration, stenosis or obstruction of the lacrimal system observed. One misplaced stent caused obstruction of the lacrimal sac, however . In 11 of 12 case (92%), fluoroscopic placement of an expandable metallic stent in the canine lacrimal sac was successful: in 6 of 8 cases (75%), the stent wires became encased by a proliferation of mucosa, but during long-term follow-up of 9 months to 3 years, no obstruction was observed. (author). 20 refs., 1 tab., 5 figs.

Insertion of a self-expandable metallic stent in canine lacrimal Sac : a long-term evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Ho Young; Sung, Kyu Bo; Yoon, Hyun Ki; Kwon, Soon Tae; Lee, Ho Jung; Lee, In Chul; Kim, Tae Hyung; Park, Sang Soo; Huh, Soo Jin

1998-01-01

To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcome of the use of self-expandable metallic Z-stents in the canine lacrimal sac. Stent placement was technically successful and well tolerated in all but one lacrimal sac, in which the stent was misplaced. At three and six months after stent placement, stent wires were not encased by epithelium, but at nine months, and one, two and three years after placement, six of the 12 stents had become encased in a proliferation of this where the stent wires contacted the lacrimal sac wall. In no lacrimal system in which stent placement had been successful was migration, stenosis or obstruction of the lacrimal system observed. One misplaced stent caused obstruction of the lacrimal sac, however . In 11 of 12 case (92%), fluoroscopic placement of an expandable metallic stent in the canine lacrimal sac was successful: in 6 of 8 cases (75%), the stent wires became encased by a proliferation of mucosa, but during long-term follow-up of 9 months to 3 years, no obstruction was observed. (author). 20 refs., 1 tab., 5 figs

Low power consumption mini rotary actuator with SMA wires

Science.gov (United States)

Manfredi, Luigi; Huan, Yu; Cuschieri, Alfred

2017-11-01

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials widely used as actuators for their high power to weight ratio despite their well-known low energy efficiency and limited mechanical bandwidth. For robotic applications, SMAs exhibit limitations due to high power consumption and limited stroke, varying from 4% to 7% of the total length. Hysteresis, during the contraction and extension cycle, requires a complex control algorithm. On the positive side, the small size and low weight are eminently suited for the design of mini actuators for robotic platforms. This paper describes the design and construction of a light weight and low power consuming mini rotary actuator with on-board contact-less position and force sensors. The design is specifically intended to reduce (i) energy consumption, (ii) dimensions of the sensory system, and (iii) provide a simple control without any need for SMA characterisation. The torque produced is controlled by on-board force sensors. Experiments were performed to investigate the energy consumption and performance (step and sinusoidal angle profiles with a frequency varying from 0.5 to 10 Hz and maximal amplitude of {15}\\circ ). We describe a transient capacitor effect related to the SMA wires during the sinusoidal profile when the active SMA wire is powered and the antagonist one switched-off, resulting in a transient current time varying from 300 to 400 ms.

Low levels of Survival Motor Neuron protein are sufficient for normal muscle function in the SMNΔ7 mouse model of SMA.

Science.gov (United States)

Iyer, Chitra C; McGovern, Vicki L; Murray, Jason D; Gombash, Sara E; Zaworski, Phillip G; Foust, Kevin D; Janssen, Paul M L; Burghes, Arthur H M

2015-11-01

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by loss of lower motor neurons. SMA is caused by deletion or mutation of the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and retention of the SMN2 gene. The loss of SMN1 results in reduced levels of the SMN protein. SMN levels appear to be particularly important in motor neurons; however SMN levels above that produced by two copies of SMN2 have been suggested to be important in muscle. Studying the spatial requirement of SMN is important in both understanding how SMN deficiency causes SMA and in the development of effective therapies. Using Myf5-Cre, a muscle-specific Cre driver, and the Cre-loxP recombination system, we deleted mouse Smn in the muscle of mice with SMN2 and SMNΔ7 transgenes in the background, thus providing low level of SMN in the muscle. As a reciprocal experiment, we restored normal levels of SMN in the muscle with low SMN levels in all other tissues. We observed that decreasing SMN in the muscle has no phenotypic effect. This was corroborated by muscle physiology studies with twitch force, tetanic and eccentric contraction all being normal. In addition, electrocardiogram and muscle fiber size distribution were also normal. Replacement of Smn in muscle did not rescue SMA mice. Thus the muscle does not appear to require high levels of SMN above what is produced by two copies of SMN2 (and SMNΔ7). © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Design and fabrication of a three-finger prosthetic hand using SMA muscle wires

Science.gov (United States)

Simone, Filomena; York, Alexander; Seelecke, Stefan

2015-03-01

Bio-inspired hand-like gripper systems based on shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuation have the potential to enable a number of useful applications in, e.g., the biomedical field or industrial assembly systems. The inherent high energy density makes SMA solutions a natural choice for systems with lightweight, low noise and high force requirements, such as hand prostheses or robotic systems in a human/machine environment. The focus of this research is the development, design and realization of a SMA-actuated prosthetic hand prototype with three fingers. The use of thin wires (100 μm diameter) allows for high cooling rates and therefore fast movement of each finger. Grouping several small wires mechanically in parallel allows for high force actuation. To save space and to allow for a direct transmission of the motion to each finger, the SMA wires are attached directly within each finger, across each phalanx. In this way, the contraction of the wires will allow the movement of the fingers without the use of any additional gears. Within each finger, two different bundles of wires are mounted: protagonist ones that create bending movement and the antagonist ones that enable stretching of each phalanx. The resistance change in the SMA wires is measured during actuation, which allows for monitoring of the wire stroke and potentially the gripping force without the use of additional sensors. The hand is built with modern 3D-printing technologies and its performance while grasping objects of different size and shape is experimentally investigated illustrating the usefulness of the actuator concept.

An experimental and analytical study on the feasibility of SMA spring driven actuation of an iris mechanism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajan, Aravindh; Abouseada, Mostafa; Manghaipathy, Pavithra; Ozalp, Nesrin; Majid, Feras Abdul; Salem, Ayman; Srinivasa, Arun

2016-01-01

Highlights: • An iris mechanism proposed in response to fluctuations in solar energy. • Iris motion controlled with the use of Nickel–Titanium Shape Memory Alloy springs. • Variation of the force exerted by SMA spring w.r.t. temperature tested experimentally. • An analytical expression that relates the aperture area and crank rotation is given. • SMA springs showed promising actuation mechanism as a replacement to motor. - Abstract: Variation in incoming solar energy adversely affects the temperature inside a solar reactor and lowers its efficiency. Therefore, it is important to develop a mechanism that can maintain semi-constant temperatures inside the reactor from sunrise to sunset. In this paper, we present an iris mechanism that reduces or enlarges its circular opening with the use of Nickel–Titanium Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) springs. SMA springs possess memory of their shapes at certain temperatures. Hence, by controlling the temperature of the spring, it is possible to exert different forces that may then be transferred to the variable aperture mechanism. In this study, variation of the force exerted by an SMA spring with respect to temperature was experimentally tested and the viability of an SMA spring’s use in actuating an iris mechanism aperture was examined. In order to simulate conditions under fluctuating solar radiation, a 7 kW solar simulator was used in experiments at varying power levels. It was observed that SMA springs are promising as a replacement of the actuation mechanism driven by a motor.

Entire lacrimal sac within the ethmoid sinus: outcomes of powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

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Ali MJ

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Mohammad Javed Ali, Swati Singh, Milind N NaikInstitute of Dacryology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India Background: The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (PEnDCR in patients with lacrimal sac within the sinus.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients who underwent PEnDCR and were intraoperatively documented to have complete lacrimal sac in sinus. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentations, associated lacrimal and nasal anomalies, intraoperative findings, intraoperative guidance, complications, postoperative ostium behavior, and anatomical and functional success. A minimum follow-up of 6 months postsurgery was considered for final analysis.Results: A total of 17 eyes of 15 patients underwent PEnDCR using standard protocols, but with additional intraoperative guidance where required and careful maneuvering in the ethmoid sinus. The mean age of the patients was 37.2 (range 17–60 years. Of the unilateral cases, 69% (nine of 13 showed left-side predisposition; 80% of patients showed regurgitation on pressure over the lacrimal sac area. Associated lacrimal and nasal anomalies were observed in 13.3% (two of 15 and 40% (six of 15, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 6.6 months, anatomical and functional success were observed in 93.3% (14 of 15. One patient showed failure secondary to cicatricial closure of the ostium.Conclusion: An entire sac within an ethmoid sinus poses a surgical challenge. Good sinus-surgery training, thorough knowledge of endoscopic anatomy, careful maneuvering, and use of intraoperative navigation guidance result in good outcomes with PEnDCR.Keywords: lacrimal sac, ethmoid sinus, endoscopic, DCR

KREATIVITAS GURU BIOLOGI DALAM MEMETAKAN KOMODITAS HAYATI UNGGULAN LOKAL KE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA

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Asep Agus Sulaeman

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kreativitas guru Biologi SMA dalam memetakan topik-topik dari berbagai aspek komoditas hayati unggulan lokal melalui penggunaan metode mind map dan mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam memetakan topik-topik komoditas hayati unggulan lokal ke dalam pembelajaran Biologi di SMA. Analisis data kreativitas guru Biologi SMA dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap mind map dengan menggunakan kriteria sesuai instrumen yang dikembangkan. Adapun analisis data tentang jumlah topik-topik Biologi dan jenis kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis komoditas hayati unggulan lokal dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantatif dan kualitatif. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan nilai aspek-aspek kreativitas guru Biologi yang tinggi, yaitu kemampuan berpikir asli (91,67, peka terhadap masalah (91,67, kemampuan berpikir lancar (90, kemampuan berpikir luwes (88,33, dan kemampuan berpikir terperinci (86,67. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan yang dilakukan guru, dapat diidentifikasi 15 topik Biologi SMA yang berkaitan dengan komoditas hayati unggulan lokal di Kabupaten Majalengka. Adapun kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis komoditas hayati unggulan yang diusulkan oleh guru tersebar di masing-masing tingkatan kelas dan semesternya dengan jumlah yang berbeda-beda.

Effects of different rearing temperatures on muscle development and stress response in the early larval stages of Acipenser baerii

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Lucia Aidos

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The present study aims at investigating muscle development and stress response in early stages of Siberian sturgeon when subjected to different rearing temperatures, by analysing growth and development of the muscle and by assessing the stress response of yolk-sac larvae. Siberian sturgeon larvae were reared at 16°C, 19°C and 22°C until the yolk-sac was completely absorbed. Sampling timepoints were: hatching, schooling and complete yolk-sac absorption stage. Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in order to characterize muscle growth (total muscle area, TMA; slow muscle area, SMA; fast muscle area, FMA, development (anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen -PCNA or anticaspase as well as stress conditions by specific stress biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 or 90, HSP70 or HSP90. Larvae subjected to the highest water temperature showed a faster yolk-sac absorption. Histometry revealed that both TMA and FMA were larger in the schooling stage at 19°C while no differences were observed in the SMA at any of the tested rearing temperatures. PCNA quantification revealed a significantly higher number of proliferating cells in the yolk-sac absorption phase at 22°C than at 16°C. HSP90 immunopositivity seems to be particularly evident at 19°C. HPS70 immunopositivity was never observed in the developing lateral muscle.

Normal measurement of spinal cord and dural sac by CT myelography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yun, Ku Sub; Choi, Yo Won; Han, Moon Hee; Chang, Kee Hyun

1988-01-01

The data on the normal measurement of spinal cord are essential for an objective assessment of equivocal change of spinal cord size in the various clinical settings. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate normal range of spinal cord dimensions in Koreas. CT myelography of the cervical and thoracic region was performed in 60 patients who had symptoms referable to lumbosacral region and then computed tomographic measurement of spinal cord and dural sac was performed. The results are as follows: 1. The anteroposterior diameter of spinal cord was maximum at C1 level (8.6±1.4mm) and minimum at T6 level (6.4±1.7mm). 2. The transverse diameter of spinal cord was maximum at C4 and C5 levels (13.3±1.6mm) and minimum at T8 (8.1±1.9mm) and T10 (8.1±1.3mm) levels. 3. The area of spinal cord was maximum at C5 level (76±16mm 2 ) and minimum at T6 (40±24mm 2 ) and T8 (40±23mm 2 ) levels. 4. The ratio of anteroposterior diameter/transverse diameter of spinal cord was smallest at C4 (0.57±0.11) and C5 (0.57±0.09) levels and largest at T12 (0.9±0.17) level. 5. The ratio of anteroposterior diameter of spinal cord/dural sac was maximum at C4 level (0.73±0.14) and minimum at T12 level (0.52±0.15). The ratio of transverse diameter of spinal cord/dural sac was maximum at C3 (0.66±0.10) and C4 (0.66±0.14) levels and minimum at T12 level (0.46±0.18). The ratio of area of spinal cord/dural sac was maximum at C3 level (0.48±0.13) and minimum at T12 level (0.29±0.20). 6. The location of cervical cord in dural sac was mainly ventral (56%) at C1 level, middle (40-73%) from C2 to C6 level and dorsal (44%) at C7 level. The location of thoracic cord in dural sac was chiefly middle (61%) at T2 level and lower thoracic level (T10: 60% and T12: 51%) and mainly ventral (59-84%) at other levels.

Corporate Governance and Strategic Management Accounting Disclosure

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Setianingtyas Honggowati

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to examine the corporate governance influence on strategic management accounting disclosure. The strategic management accounting disclosure in this study was measured by the disclosure level regarding strategic management accounting published in the company's annual report according to the index (made by the author. The corporate governance is proxied by board size, independent board, and managerial ownership. The data of this study are 497 manufacturing companies in Indonesia in the period of 2011-2015 and the method employed in this study is regression analysis method. The findings show that board size has significant positive influence on the disclosure level of strategic management accounting of manufacturing companies in Indonesia, and the proportion of independent board does not influence SMA disclosure, while managerial ownership has negative influence the disclosure level of strategic management accounting.

ANALISIS KESULITAN KOGNITIF DAN MASALAH AFEKTIF SISWA SMA DALAM BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGHADAPI UJIAN NASIONAL

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Azis Azis

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat dan letak kesulitan belajar matematika siswa pada aspek kognitif dan kategorisasi masalah belajar matematika siswa pada aspek afektif dalam menghadapi Ujian Nasional tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 SMA di Kota Baubau. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian dengan metode survei. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pengukuran (tes diagnostik, kuisioner, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesulitan belajar matematika yang dialami oleh siswa untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal Ujian Nasional berada pada kategori sedang; letak kesulitan belajar matematika siswa pada aspek kognitif dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal Ujian Nasional dilihat dari segi pengetahuan faktual dengan persentase interval kesulitan sebesar, segi pengetahuan konseptual dengan persentase interval kesulitan sebesar, dan segi pengetahuan prosedural dengan persentase interval kesulitan sebesar; dan kategorisasi masalah belajar matematika siswa pada kategori aspek afektif dalam menghadapi Ujian Nasional tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 SMA di Kota Baubau secara umum berada pada kategori rendah. Kata kunci: kesulitan belajar matematika, kognitif, afektif, ujian nasional SMA   AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFICULTY ON COGNITIVE AND PROBLEM ON AFFECTIVE OF SMA STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING FACING NATIONAL EXAMINATION Abstract This study aims to describe the degree of student’s learning difficulty of mathematics on cognitive and categorization of student’s learning problem on affective aspect in accomplishing mathematic items in facing national final exam of SMA Baubau municipality in 2013/2014 academic year. The research type uses survey method. The technique of data collecting made use of diagnostic test that is National final exam items in 2012/2013 academic year which was modified by the researcher, questionnaires, and interviews. The research result indicates that the degree of students’ learning difficulty of mathematics to accomplish

Yolk sac tumor in a patient with transverse testicular ectopia

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Zhu Yi-Ping

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE is a rare anomaly in which both testes descend through a single inguinal canal. We report a case of yolk sac tumor in the ectopic testis of a patient with TTE. A 24-year-old man presented to our hospital with a left inguinal-mass, right cryptorchidism and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP. A left herniotomy 3 years earlier demonstrated both testes in the left scrotum, one above another positionally. Four months ago, a left scrotal mass appeared and radical orchiectomy of both testes revealed testicular yolk sac tumor of the ectopic testis. An enlarging left inguinal-mass appeared 2 months ago and he was referred to our hospital. Laboratory data showed an elevation of AFP (245.5 ng/ml and a 46 XY karyotype. He underwent bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and simultaneous left inguinal mass dissection. Histopathologic examination revealed a diagnosis of recurrent yolk sac tumor in the left inguinal mass. The retroperitoneal lymph node was not enlarged and, on histopathology, was not involved. The patient has now been followed up for 8 months without evidence of biochemical or radiological recurrence.

Shape Memory Alloy Modeling and Applications to Porous and Composite Structures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Pingping

There has been a growing concern about an exciting class of advanced material -- shape memory alloys (SMAs) since their discovery several decades ago. SMAs exhibit large reversible stresses and strains owing to a thermoelastic phase transformation. They have been widely used in many engineering fields including aerospace, biomedical, and automotive engineering, especially as sensors, actuators, bone implants and deployable switches. The behavior of SMAs is very complex due to the coupling between thermal and mechanical effects. Theoretical and computational tools are used in this dissertation to investigate the mechanical behavior of SMA and its related structures for seeking better and wider application of this material. In the first part of this dissertation, we proposed an improved macroscopic phenomenological constitutive model of SMA that accounts for all major mechanical behaviors including elasticity, phase transformation, reorientation and plasticity. The model is based on some previous work developed in the Brinson group, and the current efforts are focused on plasticity, the application of a pre-defined strain, unification of notations, and other coding-related work. A user subroutine script VUMAT is developed to implement the constitutive model to the commercial finite element software Abaqus. Typical simulation results based on the model are presented, as well as verification with some experimental results. In the second part, we apply the developed constitutive model to a series of two-dimensional SMA plates with structured arrays of pores to investigate the structural response, especially the stress, strain, phase transformation, and plastic fields. Results are documented about the coupling of the elastic, transformation and plastic fields about the arrays of pores. Theoretical and experimental DIC results are also utilized to validate some simulation results. Conclusions are then drawn to provide understanding in the effect of pores and the

Group-SMA Algorithm Based Joint Estimation of Train Parameter and State

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Wei Zheng

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The braking rate and train arresting operation is important in the train braking performance. It is difficult to obtain the states of the train on time because of the measurement noise and a long calculation time. A type of Group Stochastic M-algorithm (GSMA based on Rao-Blackwellization Particle Filter (RBPF algorithm and Stochastic M-algorithm (SMA is proposed in this paper. Compared with RBPF, GSMA based estimation precisions for the train braking rate and the control accelerations were improved by 78% and 62%, respectively. The calculation time of the GSMA was decreased by 70% compared with SMA.

SMA-Based System for Environmental Sensors Released from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

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Lorenzo Pellone

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In the work at hand, a shape memory alloy (SMA-based system is presented. The system, conceived for releasing environmental sensors from ground or small unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV (often named UAS, unmanned aerial system, is made of a door, integrated into the bottom of the fuselage, a device distributor, operated by a couple of antagonistic SMA springs, and a kinematic chain, to synchronize the deployment operation with the system movement. On the basis of the specifications (weight, available space, energy supply, sensors size, etc., the system design was addressed. After having identified the main system characteristics, a representative mock-up was manufactured, featuring the bottom part of the reference fuselage. Functionality tests were performed to prove the system capability to release the sensors; a detailed characterization was finally carried out, mainly finalized at correlating the kinematic chain displacement with the SMA spring temperature and the supplied electrical power. A comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental outcomes showed good agreement.

Kajian Fisis Energi Terbarukan Panel Surya Melalui Eksperimen Sederhana untuk Siswa SMA

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Sunaryo Sunaryo

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Has conducted research on the effects of light intensity on the output voltage, current, and power. Research conducted generate data in the form of quantitative and graphs that show a link between the intensity of light, the output voltage, current, and power. The data obtained were used as sources of learning in senior high school (SMA. The implication is capable of enhancing creativity, motivation and learning outcomes of Physics subject of high school students in future studies. Keywords: light intensity, current, voltage, solar panel Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh intensitas cahaya terhadap tegangan output, arus, dan daya listrik. Penelitian yang dilakukan menghasilkan data dalam bentuk kuantitatif dan grafik yang menunjukkan adanya kaitan antara intensitas cahaya, tegangan output, arus, dan daya listrik. Data yang diperoleh dijadikan sebagai sumber informasi dalam pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA. Implikasinya adalah mampu meningkatkan kreativitas, motivasi, dan hasil belajar Fisika siswa SMA pada penelitian selanjutnya. Kata-kata kunci: intensitas cahaya, arus, tegangan, panel surya

Simulación basada en SMA de sistemas originalmente representados con EDO

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Ekaitz Zulueta Guerrero

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En el presente trabajo se expone una metodología para modelar mediante un Sistema Multi-Agente (SMA sistemas biológicos y fisiológicos dinámicos con variables cuantificadas discretas, como el crecimiento y decrecimiento de poblaciones o el modelado epidemiológico de enfermedades. Se muestra un procedimiento para transformar un sistema de Ecuaciones Diferenciales Ordinarias (EDO (que modela un entorno de forma correcta en un SMA equivalente mediante un esquema basado en el método de Monte Carlo. Se utiliza un caso práctico fundamentado en un modelo matemático de Leucemia Mieloide Crónica (LMC para comparar la metodología basada en agentes con el modelado tradicional basado en un sistema de EDO. Se realiza una simulación con cada modelo (SMA y EDO y se compara los resultados obtenidos con ambas metodologías. Palabras clave: Ecuaciones diferenciales, modelo basado en agentes, Monte Carlo

PROFIL KESULITAN BELAJAR FISIKA POKOK BAHASAN KELISTRIKAN SISWA SMA DI KOTA SEMARANG

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Ani Rusilowati

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan profil kesulitan belajar Fisika, khususnya pokok bahasan Kelistrikan yang dialami oleh siswa SMA di kota Semarang. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa SMA kelas X di kota Semarang, diambil secara cluster, dari SMA negeri dan swasta peringkat I, II, dan III, sebanyak 214 siswa. Kesulitan belajar didiagnosis dengan lima pendekatan, yaitu tujuan pembelajaran, pengetahuan prasyarat, profil materi, miskonsepsi, dan pengetahuan terstruktur. Kesulitan belajar Kelistrikan antara lain disebabkan oleh rendahnya penguasaan konsep, lemahnya kemampuan matematis, dan kekurangmampuan mengkonversi satuan. Penyebab kesulitan belajar dalam pengetahuan terstruktur adalah rendahnya kemampuan: verbal, menggunakan skema, membuat strategi pemecahan masalah, dan membuat algoritma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan belajar Kelistrikan rata-rata terjadi pada sub pokok bahasan: Kuat Arus Listrik, Hukum Ohm, Hambatan Penghantar, Hukum Kirchof II, Energi & Daya Listrik, dan Transformator. Sebagian siswa masih mengalami miskonsepsi terhadap konsep Hukum Ohm dan Hambatan Penghantar. Bagi siswa  sekolah peringkat III mengalami kesulitan belajar di semua aspek dan materi Kelistrikan Kata kunci : profil, kesulitan belajar, kelistrikan

Failure of zinc to prevent dysmorphogenesis of cultured rat conceptuses by anti-yolk sac antiserum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marlow, R.; Freeman, S.J.

1989-01-01

Day 10 rat conceptuses were cultured for 48h in the presence of either cadmium or anti-vesceral yolk sac antiserum (AVYS). Cadmium was embryotoxic at concentrations exceeding 0.25 ug/ml while AVYS caused embryonic dysmorphogenesis, particularly affecting the optic vesicles, at concentrations of 2 ul/ml and above. The effect of pretreatment with zinc on embryotoxicity caused by cadmium or AVYS was studied. Zinc ameliorated the effects of cadmium but had no effect on AVYS-induced embryonic abnormalities. In a second set of experiments inhibition of 125 I-labelled PVP uptake by the yolk sac of cultured whole conceptuses was studied. Cadmium and AVYS both inhibited uptake compared to control cultures. Zinc again ameliorated the effect of cadmium but had no action against AVYS-induced inhibition. These results are in contrast to their previous findings using isolated cultured yolk sacs in which zinc ameliorated the inhibitory effects on 125 I-labelled PVP uptake of both cadmium and AVYS. These data show that in experiments using the isolated cultured yolk sac and the intact cultured conceptus, a qualitatively different response in yolk sac behavior is observed under similar experimental conditions

Candidate proteins, metabolites and transcripts in the Biomarkers for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (BforSMA clinical study.

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Richard S Finkel

Full Text Available Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA is a neurodegenerative motor neuron disorder resulting from a homozygous mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1 gene. The gene product, SMN protein, functions in RNA biosynthesis in all tissues. In humans, a nearly identical gene, SMN2, rescues an otherwise lethal phenotype by producing a small amount of full-length SMN protein. SMN2 copy number inversely correlates with disease severity. Identifying other novel biomarkers could inform clinical trial design and identify novel therapeutic targets.To identify novel candidate biomarkers associated with disease severity in SMA using unbiased proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches.A cross-sectional single evaluation was performed in 108 children with genetically confirmed SMA, aged 2-12 years, manifesting a broad range of disease severity and selected to distinguish factors associated with SMA type and present functional ability independent of age. Blood and urine specimens from these and 22 age-matched healthy controls were interrogated using proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic discovery platforms. Analyte associations were evaluated against a primary measure of disease severity, the Modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (MHFMS and to a number of secondary clinical measures.A total of 200 candidate biomarkers correlate with MHFMS scores: 97 plasma proteins, 59 plasma metabolites (9 amino acids, 10 free fatty acids, 12 lipids and 28 GC/MS metabolites and 44 urine metabolites. No transcripts correlated with MHFMS.In this cross-sectional study, "BforSMA" (Biomarkers for SMA, candidate protein and metabolite markers were identified. No transcript biomarker candidates were identified. Additional mining of this rich dataset may yield important insights into relevant SMA-related pathophysiology and biological network associations. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, demonstrate sensitivity to change with

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH BERBASIS SITUS SEJARAH LOKAL DI SMA NEGERI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG

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Iin Purnamasari

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Teaching Learning model is the basis for learning practices that are designed based on the analysis of the implementation of the curriculum and its implications at the operational level in the classroom. There is a conceptual framework that describes a systematic procedure of organizing learning experiences to achieve the learning objectives. History study is a combination of learning and teaching activities that studying past events which closely related to the present. It is expected that the use of historical sources including local historical sites in the study of history, can improve the quality of students learning process which can be seen from the motivation and learning achievement. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that (1 The Development of Teaching learning model of history study based on local history sites can improve the quality of learning (2 local historical sites can be used as one of the effective teaching materials.   Key words: learning history, historical sites, high school   Model Belajar Mengajar adalah dasar dalam praksis pembelajaran yang dirancang berdasarkan analisis pelaksanaan kurikulum dan implikasinya pada tingkat operasional di kelas. Ada kerangka konseptual yang menggambarkan prosedur yang sistematis mengorganisir pengalaman belajar untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Mempelajari sejarah adalah kombinasi dari belajar dan mengajar kegiatan yang mempelajari peristiwa masa lalu yang berkaitan erat dengan saat ini. Diharapkan bahwa penggunaan sumber-sumber sejarah termasuk situs sejarah lokal dalam studi sejarah, dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar siswa yang dapat dilihat dari motivasi dan prestasi belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1 Pengembangan model pembelajaran studi Pengajaran sejarah berdasarkan situs sejarah lokal dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran (2 situs sejarah lokal dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan ajar yang efektif. Kata

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI MODEL COOPERATIVE TIPE PICTURE AND PICTURE KELAS XI SMA N I KELAM PERMAI KABUPATEN SINTANG

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Susi Susanti

2015-09-01

Full Text Available motivation in learning history through Cooperative models of type Picture and Picture in class XI SMA N 1 Kelam Permai Sintang District?” This study used action research (action research conducted through two cycles with each cycle stages are planning, action, observation, and reflection. And forms of research that action research (classroom action research. Subjects in this study were students of class XI IPS 3 Kelam Permai Sintang District academic year 2014/2015, amounting to 27 people and 1 subject teachers of history. Data were obtained through classroom observation and documentation of the results of the actions taken and the data about the image, with this action research will note an increase or decrease after the class actions do persiklus. Research result are (1 Students motivation before using the model type Cooperativ Picture and Picture in class XI sejarahdi learning SMA N 1 Kelam Permai Sintang District the percentage of student motivation 57.0% categorized enough this can be seen from the results of pre-action that researchers do. Student motivation before using the model Cooperative Picture and Picture type varies greatly, since most of the students' motivation is still arguably less, because students are more likely to still passive, busy with their own activities and are less motivated to learn, (2 Application of Cooperative models of type Picture and Picture in pemebalajaran history in class XI IPS 3 SMAN 1 Kelam Permai Sintang District has implemented optimally and effectively. It can be seen from the students' motivation where students are more active, the students were interested and enthusiastic to follow the teaching of history. Because learning Cooperative models of type Picture and Picture is a learning model that uses paired images or sorted into order logis, (3There is an increase in students' motivation in learning history in class XI SMA N 1 Kelam Permai Sintang. This is evident from the average value of student

PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM BOARDING SCHOOL DALAM PEMBINAAN MORAL SISWA DI SMA TARUNA INDONESIA PALEMBANG

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Hendriyenti H

2014-12-01

Full Text Available AbstractIndonesia nowadays faces some moral issues in teenagers scope or adult scope such as the use of drugs, violence, rascality, abortion, persecution, gambling, prostitution, and so on. Those problems are very danger for the country. Therefore, moral education is very important in this situation. The study was done at SMA Taruna Indonesia Palembang by the tittle: “the Implementation of boarding School Program for Students Moral education at SMA Taruna Indonesia Palembang”.Based on the result of the stuy, it was found that the implementation of boarding school program to educate students’moral at SMA Taruna Indonesia Palembang was applied throug dicipline implementation program and religion education program. Those two programs were applied by preventive and currative treatment. Moreover, there were some factors which support students’ moral education at SMA Taruna Indonesia Palembang such as students motivation, advisors dedication, 24 hours education and guidance, good coordination between advisors, teachers, securities, and other staff, and far location of boarding school from city center. As long as the teenager is an unstable period, there weremany difficulties in educate them. Finally,it is hoped that school stakeholders could improve the school management so that those difficulties could be solved and moral education could be applied.  Keywords: boarding school, morality building

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL COMPUTER-BASED E-LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN HIGH ORDER MATHEMATICAL THINKING SISWA SMA

OpenAIRE

Jarnawi Afgani Dahlan; Yaya Sukjaya Kusumah; Mr Heri Sutarno

2011-01-01

The focus of this research is on the development of mathematics teaching and learning activity which is based on the application of computer software. The aim of research is as follows : 1) to identify some mathematics topics which feasible to be presented by computer-based e-learning, 2) design, develop, and implement computer-based e-learning on mathematics, and 3) analyze the impact of computer-based e-learning in the enhancement of SMA students’ high order mathematical thinking. All activ...

Evaluation of SMN protein, transcript, and copy number in the biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy (BforSMA clinical study.

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Thomas O Crawford

Full Text Available The universal presence of a gene (SMN2 nearly identical to the mutated SMN1 gene responsible for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA has proved an enticing incentive to therapeutics development. Early disappointments from putative SMN-enhancing agent clinical trials have increased interest in improving the assessment of SMN expression in blood as an early "biomarker" of treatment effect.A cross-sectional, single visit, multi-center design assessed SMN transcript and protein in 108 SMA and 22 age and gender-matched healthy control subjects, while motor function was assessed by the Modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (MHFMS. Enrollment selectively targeted a broad range of SMA subjects that would permit maximum power to distinguish the relative influence of SMN2 copy number, SMA type, present motor function, and age.SMN2 copy number and levels of full-length SMN2 transcripts correlated with SMA type, and like SMN protein levels, were lower in SMA subjects compared to controls. No measure of SMN expression correlated strongly with MHFMS. A key finding is that SMN2 copy number, levels of transcript and protein showed no correlation with each other.This is a prospective study that uses the most advanced techniques of SMN transcript and protein measurement in a large selectively-recruited cohort of individuals with SMA. There is a relationship between measures of SMN expression in blood and SMA type, but not a strong correlation to motor function as measured by the MHFMS. Low SMN transcript and protein levels in the SMA subjects relative to controls suggest that these measures of SMN in accessible tissues may be amenable to an "early look" for target engagement in clinical trials of putative SMN-enhancing agents. Full length SMN transcript abundance may provide insight into the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation as a function of SMN2 copy number.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00756821.

Dynamic expression of desmin, α-SMA and TGF-β1 during hepatic fibrogenesis induced by selective bile duct ligation in young rats

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonçalves, J.O.; Tannuri, A.C.A.; Coelho, M.C.M.; Bendit, I.; Tannuri, U. [Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediátrica (LIM-30), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2014-08-15

We previously described a selective bile duct ligation model to elucidate the process of hepatic fibrogenesis in children with biliary atresia or intrahepatic biliary stenosis. Using this model, we identified changes in the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) both in the obstructed parenchyma and in the hepatic parenchyma adjacent to the obstruction. However, the expression profiles of desmin and TGF-β1, molecules known to be involved in hepatic fibrogenesis, were unchanged when analyzed by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thus, the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of liver fibrosis in this experimental model are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular changes in an experimental model of selective bile duct ligation and to compare the gene expression changes observed in RT-PCR and in real-time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR). Twenty-eight Wistar rats of both sexes and weaning age (21-23 days old) were used. The rats were separated into groups that were assessed 7 or 60 days after selective biliary duct ligation. The expression of desmin, α-SMA and TGF-β1 was examined in tissue from hepatic parenchyma with biliary obstruction (BO) and in hepatic parenchyma without biliary obstruction (WBO), using RT-PCR and qRT‐PCR. The results obtained in this study using these two methods were significantly different. The BO parenchyma had a more severe fibrogenic reaction, with increased α-SMA and TGF-β1 expression after 7 days. The WBO parenchyma presented a later, fibrotic response, with increased desmin expression 7 days after surgery and increased α-SMA 60 days after surgery. The qRT‐PCR technique was more sensitive to expression changes than the semiquantitative method.

Dynamic expression of desmin, α-SMA and TGF-β1 during hepatic fibrogenesis induced by selective bile duct ligation in young rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonçalves, J.O.; Tannuri, A.C.A.; Coelho, M.C.M.; Bendit, I.; Tannuri, U.

2014-01-01

We previously described a selective bile duct ligation model to elucidate the process of hepatic fibrogenesis in children with biliary atresia or intrahepatic biliary stenosis. Using this model, we identified changes in the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) both in the obstructed parenchyma and in the hepatic parenchyma adjacent to the obstruction. However, the expression profiles of desmin and TGF-β1, molecules known to be involved in hepatic fibrogenesis, were unchanged when analyzed by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thus, the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of liver fibrosis in this experimental model are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular changes in an experimental model of selective bile duct ligation and to compare the gene expression changes observed in RT-PCR and in real-time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR). Twenty-eight Wistar rats of both sexes and weaning age (21-23 days old) were used. The rats were separated into groups that were assessed 7 or 60 days after selective biliary duct ligation. The expression of desmin, α-SMA and TGF-β1 was examined in tissue from hepatic parenchyma with biliary obstruction (BO) and in hepatic parenchyma without biliary obstruction (WBO), using RT-PCR and qRT‐PCR. The results obtained in this study using these two methods were significantly different. The BO parenchyma had a more severe fibrogenic reaction, with increased α-SMA and TGF-β1 expression after 7 days. The WBO parenchyma presented a later, fibrotic response, with increased desmin expression 7 days after surgery and increased α-SMA 60 days after surgery. The qRT‐PCR technique was more sensitive to expression changes than the semiquantitative method

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) resection during pancreatectomy for malignant disease of the pancreas: a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Jegatheeswaran, Santhalingam; Baltatzis, Minas; Jamdar, Saurabh; Siriwardena, Ajith K

2017-06-01

Resection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) during pancreatectomy is performed infrequently and is undertaken with the aim of removing non-metastatic locally advanced pancreatic tumours. SMA resection reports also encompass resection of other visceral vessels. The consequences of resection of these different arteries are not necessarily equivalent. This is a focused systematic review of the outcome of SMA resection during pancreatectomy for cancer. A computerized search of the English language literature was undertaken for the period 1st January 2000 through 30th April 2016. The keywords "Pancreatic surgery" and "Vascular resections" were used. Thirteen studies reported 70 patients undergoing pancreatectomy with SMA resection from 10,726 undergoing pancreatectomy. Individual patient-level outcome data were available for 25. Median (range) accrual period was 132 (48-372) months. Reported peri-operative morbidity ranged from 39% to 91%. There were 5 peri-operative deaths in the 25 patients with individual-outcome data. Median survival was 11 months (95% Confidence interval 9.5-12.5 months; standard error 0.8 months). SMA resection during pancreatectomy is undertaken infrequently incurring high peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Median survival is 11 (95% CI 9.5-12.5) months. In contemporary practice there is no evidence to support SMA resection during pancreatectomy. Copyright © 2017 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc. All rights reserved.

Oxygenated fixation demonstrates novel and improved ultrastructural features of the human endolymphatic sac

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Martin Nue; Caye-Thomasen, Per; Qvortrup, Klaus

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the present study is to describe in detail the ultrastructure of the human endolymphatic sac using a new and improved method of fixation as well as a refined surgical approach in obtaining specimens. STUDY DESIGN: Transmission electron microscopy of the human...... epithelial cell lining in all 18 specimens. In general, we found very well-preserved specimens with well-defined intracellular structures. In contrast to the results in former studies, a minimum of fixation artifacts was observed in the present study. Three different cell types were observed...... endolymphatic sac, employing an oxygenated fixative. METHODS: Eighteen tissue samples of the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during surgery for vestibular schwannoma using the translabyrinthine approach. The specimens were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in an oxygenated fluorocarbon blood substitute vehicle...

Intrinsic Levanase Activity of Bacillus subtilis 168 Levansucrase (SacB.

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Luz Méndez-Lorenzo

Full Text Available Levansucrase catalyzes the synthesis of fructose polymers through the transfer of fructosyl units from sucrose to a growing fructan chain. Levanase activity of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase has been described since the very first publications dealing with the mechanism of levan synthesis. However, there is a lack of qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding the importance of the intrinsic levan hydrolysis of B. subtilis levansucrase and its role in the levan synthesis process. Particularly, little attention has been paid to the long-term hydrolysis products, including its participation in the final levan molecules distribution. Here, we explored the hydrolytic and transferase activity of the B. subtilis levansucrase (SacB when levans produced by the same enzyme are used as substrate. We found that levan is hydrolyzed through a first order exo-type mechanism, which is limited to a conversion extent of around 30% when all polymer molecules reach a structure no longer suitable to SacB hydrolysis. To characterize the reaction, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC was employed and the evolution of the hydrolysis products profile followed by HPLC, GPC and HPAEC-PAD. The ITC measurements revealed a second step, taking place at the end of the reaction, most probably resulting from disproportionation of accumulated fructo-oligosaccharides. As levanase, levansucrase may use levan as substrate and, through a fructosyl-enzyme complex, behave as a hydrolytic enzyme or as a transferase, as demonstrated when glucose and fructose are added as acceptors. These reactions result in a wide variety of oligosaccharides that are also suitable acceptors for fructo-oligosaccharide synthesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that SacB in the presence of levan and glucose, through blastose and sucrose synthesis, results in the same fructooligosaccharides profile as that observed in sucrose reactions. We conclude that SacB has an intrinsic levanase activity that

A pigeon crop sac radioreceptor assay for prolactin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forsyth, I.A.; Buntin, J.D.; Nicoll, C.S.

1978-01-01

Ovine prolactin, labelled with 125 I by either lactoperoxidase or a mild chloramine T method, was bound to receptors from the pigeon crop sac mucosa cells of prolactin-injected pigeons. Binding was demonstrated in a crude homogenate of mucosal cells removed from the crop by scraping and in a subcellular fraction in which 5'- nucleotidase activity was enhanced two- to three-fold. The binding was specific, dependent on time, temperature and the concentration of receptors and had a dissociation constant of 7 x 10 -10 mol/l. The binding capacity of the crop tissue was 71 fmol/mg membrane protein. Nine purified preparations of prolactin from four species were assayed by local pigeon crop sac bioassay and by radioreceptor assay. The two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.934). The regression equation was radioreceptor assay = 1.22 bioassay - 0.18 indicating a 1:1 correspondence between the two methods for prolactin purified from sheep, rat, horse and pig anterior pituitary glands. (author)

Force-Deformation Response of a SMA-Based Actuator Considering the Electric Current Intensity as Step-Input

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Ion-Cornel Mituletu

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The goal of the paper is to accomplish the response regarding the force-displacement characteristic evolution, of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA actuator element. This reveals the first research stage in controlling the SMA behavior, providing important information about the heating-cooling time intervals. Step excitation of the SMA is performed by few values of electric current intensity, which produces the heating of SMA element up to 90-95 oC. To meet the testing requirements, an adequate test stand has been set up, consisting of sensors for force, displacement and temperature. The analog values provided by sensors were acquired and afterwards analyzed. The values of temperature, displacement and force were achieved, and their characteristic evolution has been performed. Thus, the time intervals are resulted and some other important aspects have been observed, regarding the delay between parameters and the temperature overshoot

Bicarbonate-regulated adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a sensor that regulates pH-dependent V-ATPase recycling.

Science.gov (United States)

Pastor-Soler, Nuria; Beaulieu, Valerie; Litvin, Tatiana N; Da Silva, Nicolas; Chen, Yanqiu; Brown, Dennis; Buck, Jochen; Levin, Lonny R; Breton, Sylvie

2003-12-05

Modulation of environmental pH is critical for the function of many biological systems. However, the molecular identity of the pH sensor and its interaction with downstream effector proteins remain poorly understood. Using the male reproductive tract as a model system in which luminal acidification is critical for sperm maturation and storage, we now report a novel pathway for pH regulation linking the bicarbonate activated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) to the vacuolar H+ATPase (V-ATPase). Clear cells of the epididymis and vas deferens contain abundant V-ATPase in their apical pole and are responsible for acidifying the lumen. Proton secretion is regulated via active recycling of V-ATPase. Here we demonstrate that this recycling is regulated by luminal pH and bicarbonate. sAC is highly expressed in clear cells, and apical membrane accumulation of V-ATPase is triggered by a sAC-dependent rise in cAMP in response to alkaline luminal pH. As sAC is expressed in other acid/base transporting epithelia, including kidney and choroid plexus, this cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway may be a widespread mechanism that allows cells to sense and modulate extracellular pH.

Note: A component-level frequency tunable isolator for vibration-sensitive chips using SMA beams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Xiaoyong, E-mail: zhangxy@buaa.edu.cn, E-mail: yanxiaojun@buaa.edu.cn; Yan, Xiaojun, E-mail: zhangxy@buaa.edu.cn, E-mail: yanxiaojun@buaa.edu.cn [School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Aero-Engine, Beijing 100191 (China); National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, Beijing 100191 (China); Beijing Key Laboratory of Aero-Engine Structure and Strength, Beijing 100191 (China); Ding, Xin; Wu, Di; Qi, Junlei; Wang, Ruixin; Lu, Siwei [School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China)

2016-06-15

This note presents a component-level frequency tunable isolator for vibration-sensitive chips. The isolator employed 8 U-shaped shape memory alloy (SMA) beams to support an isolation island (used for mounting chips). Due to the temperature-induced Young’s modulus variation of SMA, the system stiffness of the isolator can be controlled through heating the SMA beams. In such a way, the natural frequency of the isolator can be tuned. A prototype was fabricated to evaluate the concept. The test results show that the natural frequency of the isolator can be tuned in the range of 64 Hz–97 Hz by applying different heating strategies. Moreover, resonant vibration can be suppressed significantly (the transmissibility decreases about 65% near the resonant frequency) using a real-time tuning method.

Note: A component-level frequency tunable isolator for vibration-sensitive chips using SMA beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Xiaoyong; Yan, Xiaojun; Ding, Xin; Wu, Di; Qi, Junlei; Wang, Ruixin; Lu, Siwei

2016-01-01

This note presents a component-level frequency tunable isolator for vibration-sensitive chips. The isolator employed 8 U-shaped shape memory alloy (SMA) beams to support an isolation island (used for mounting chips). Due to the temperature-induced Young’s modulus variation of SMA, the system stiffness of the isolator can be controlled through heating the SMA beams. In such a way, the natural frequency of the isolator can be tuned. A prototype was fabricated to evaluate the concept. The test results show that the natural frequency of the isolator can be tuned in the range of 64 Hz–97 Hz by applying different heating strategies. Moreover, resonant vibration can be suppressed significantly (the transmissibility decreases about 65% near the resonant frequency) using a real-time tuning method.

CHARACTER EDUCATION IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL- BASED SMA AMANAH

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Nana Herdiana Abdurrahman

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to describe findings of the study in pesantren-based SMA Amanah covering: 1 the principal policy in developing character education, 2 the methods used in developing character education, 3 students’ characteristics as the result of the character education process, 4 the problems encountered in the implementation of character education and the efforts made in addressing the implementation of character education at the school. This study applied qualitative method using descriptive technique. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of study showed that: 1 the principal’s policy in developing character education was carried out by implementing government policies in line with the school’s vision, mission, and programs; 2 the methods used in the process of character education were through role-modelling, assignments and nurturing, habituation, training programs, and  students’ participation in various types of activities, as well as the application of rewards and punishments; 3 the student's characteristics resulted from the character  education process were piousness and devotion as well as being able to apply their knowledge and piety in everyday life; 4 problems encountered in the implementation of character education  were different values and norms students brought from home; imbalance of facilities compared to the number of students; as well as teachers’ readiness to actually implement the new program, which  was character education. Meanwhile the efforts made to overcome those problems were namely developing personal, family, neighborhood or community characters, and making commitment of all related parties/stakeholdres of SMA Amanah.

Penguin lungs and air sacs: implications for baroprotection, oxygen stores and buoyancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Ponganis, P J; St Leger, J; Scadeng, M

2015-03-01

The anatomy and volume of the penguin respiratory system contribute significantly to pulmonary baroprotection, the body O2 store, buoyancy and hence the overall diving physiology of penguins. Therefore, three-dimensional reconstructions from computerized tomographic (CT) scans of live penguins were utilized to measure lung volumes, air sac volumes, tracheobronchial volumes and total body volumes at different inflation pressures in three species with different dive capacities [Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), king (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and emperor (A. forsteri) penguins]. Lung volumes scaled to body mass according to published avian allometrics. Air sac volumes at 30 cm H2O (2.94 kPa) inflation pressure, the assumed maximum volume possible prior to deep dives, were two to three times allometric air sac predictions and also two to three times previously determined end-of-dive total air volumes. Although it is unknown whether penguins inhale to such high volumes prior to dives, these values were supported by (a) body density/buoyancy calculations, (b) prior air volume measurements in free-diving ducks and (c) previous suggestions that penguins may exhale air prior to the final portions of deep dives. Based upon air capillary volumes, parabronchial volumes and tracheobronchial volumes estimated from the measured lung/airway volumes and the only available morphometry study of a penguin lung, the presumed maximum air sac volumes resulted in air sac volume to air capillary/parabronchial/tracheobronchial volume ratios that were not large enough to prevent barotrauma to the non-collapsing, rigid air capillaries during the deepest dives of all three species, and during many routine dives of king and emperor penguins. We conclude that volume reduction of airways and lung air spaces, via compression, constriction or blood engorgement, must occur to provide pulmonary baroprotection at depth. It is also possible that relative air capillary and parabronchial volumes are

Spliceosome integrity is defective in the motor neuron diseases ALS and SMA

Science.gov (United States)

Tsuiji, Hitomi; Iguchi, Yohei; Furuya, Asako; Kataoka, Ayane; Hatsuta, Hiroyuki; Atsuta, Naoki; Tanaka, Fumiaki; Hashizume, Yoshio; Akatsu, Hiroyasu; Murayama, Shigeo; Sobue, Gen; Yamanaka, Koji

2013-01-01

Two motor neuron diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), are caused by distinct genes involved in RNA metabolism, TDP-43 and FUS/TLS, and SMN, respectively. However, whether there is a shared defective mechanism in RNA metabolism common to these two diseases remains unclear. Here, we show that TDP-43 and FUS/TLS localize in nuclear Gems through an association with SMN, and that all three proteins function in spliceosome maintenance. We also show that in ALS, Gems are lost, U snRNA levels are up-regulated and spliceosomal U snRNPs abnormally and extensively accumulate in motor neuron nuclei, but not in the temporal lobe of FTLD with TDP-43 pathology. This aberrant accumulation of U snRNAs in ALS motor neurons is in direct contrast to SMA motor neurons, which show reduced amounts of U snRNAs, while both have defects in the spliceosome. These findings indicate that a profound loss of spliceosome integrity is a critical mechanism common to neurodegeneration in ALS and SMA, and may explain cell-type specific vulnerability of motor neurons. PMID:23255347

Compiling the functional data-parallel language SaC for Microgrids of Self-Adaptive Virtual Processors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Grelck, C.; Herhut, S.; Jesshope, C.; Joslin, C.; Lankamp, M.; Scholz, S.-B.; Shafarenko, A.

2009-01-01

We present preliminary results from compiling the high-level, functional and data-parallel programming language SaC into a novel multi-core design: Microgrids of Self-Adaptive Virtual Processors (SVPs). The side-effect free nature of SaC in conjunction with its data-parallel foundation make it an

Excavations at Kainapirina (SAC), Watom Island, Papua New Guinea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, R.C.; Anson, D.

1998-01-01

This paper is the final report on excavations in 1985 at the locality of Kainapirina (site SAC), situated on the Reber mission station adjacent to Rakival village on Watom Island. It backgrounds previous investigations there, the objectives of the 1985 endeavours, and the excavation strategies undertaken to achieve them. The occupation sequence based on stratigraphy, dating, and associated structural features is described and illustrated. Aspects of the human skeletal remains recovered are briefly reviewed; the economic evidence is discussed in detail. Analyses are provided of the various portable artefacts from these Lapita contexts, particularly stone adzes. obsidian, and pottery. These document an 'exotic to Watom' exchange component among the local manufactures. It is concluded that these 1985 excavations at SAC currently best enable an understanding of the significance of the entire Reber-Rakival Lapita site. (author)

Primary Yolk Sac Tumor of the Omentum: Case Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baek, Chang Kyu; Oh, Young Taik; Jung, Dae Chul [Dept. of Radiology, Research Institue of Radiological Science, Yensei University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Bae, Yoon Sung [Dept. of Pathology, Yensei University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2012-01-15

A 32-year-old woman had been referred to our hospital for lower abdominal pain. Pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge solid mass with an internal cystic portion. The patient underwent a staging laparotomy and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic lymph nodes sampling, and total omentectomy. At staging laparotomy, a large omental mass was found. The tumor displayed the typical histological patterns observed in the yolk sac tumor. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum value on the 10th day after surgery was 11,576.67 IU/mL and decreased to 6.46 IU/mL after chemotherapy. At the end of the treatment, all the findings, including the AFP level, were normal. We report a case of primary yolk sac tumor of the omentum in a 32-year-old woman.

Primary Yolk Sac Tumor of the Omentum: Case Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baek, Chang Kyu; Oh, Young Taik; Jung, Dae Chul; Bae, Yoon Sung

2012-01-01

A 32-year-old woman had been referred to our hospital for lower abdominal pain. Pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge solid mass with an internal cystic portion. The patient underwent a staging laparotomy and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic lymph nodes sampling, and total omentectomy. At staging laparotomy, a large omental mass was found. The tumor displayed the typical histological patterns observed in the yolk sac tumor. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum value on the 10th day after surgery was 11,576.67 IU/mL and decreased to 6.46 IU/mL after chemotherapy. At the end of the treatment, all the findings, including the AFP level, were normal. We report a case of primary yolk sac tumor of the omentum in a 32-year-old woman.

REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK MEDIA INFORMASI SMA QURANIAH PALEMBANG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Herlinda Kusmiati

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Seiring dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi informasi dan meningkatnya penggunaan internet sebagai media informasi dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini mendorong SMA Quraniah Palembang untuk membenahi media informasi yang ada saat ini untuk meningkatkan jumlah siswa.  Media informasi yang dibuat berbasis website menggantikan Media  informasi saat ini yang masih menggunakan media brosur dan banner, dimana informasi yang diberikan masih sebatas informasi mengenai visi misi, profile, dan syarat pendaftaran siswa baru yang tidak dapat diakses dengan mudah oleh masyarakat. Dengan media informasi berbasis website dapat memberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat dalam mendapatkan informasi mengenai profil sekolah, persyaratan pendafataran siswa baru. Selain itu, media informasi ini menyediakan informasi mengenai kegiatan-kegiatan yang ada di sekolah, ektrakulikuler siswa, serta fasilitas yang ada di sekolah. Media informasi ini dikelola oleh admin tata usaha, sehingga kesalahan-kesalahan dalam penyampaian informasi akan lebih mudah diperbaiki. Informasi-informasi mengenai SMA Quraniah Palembang dapat diakses kapanpun dan dimanapu, tidak terbatas pada salah satu wilayah saja. Media informasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan Php & Mysql dan Waterfall sebagai metode pengembangan sistem.

Spatial regression methods capture prediction uncertainty in species distribution model projections through time

Science.gov (United States)

Alan K. Swanson; Solomon Z. Dobrowski; Andrew O. Finley; James H. Thorne; Michael K. Schwartz

2013-01-01

The uncertainty associated with species distribution model (SDM) projections is poorly characterized, despite its potential value to decision makers. Error estimates from most modelling techniques have been shown to be biased due to their failure to account for spatial autocorrelation (SAC) of residual error. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) have the ability to...

Hysteroscopic Differences in the Gestational Sac in Asymptomatic Blighted Ovum and Viable Pregnancy at Early Gestation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fu-Tsai Kung

2005-12-01

Conclusions: The anatomic alterations of the gestational sac reflect impending sac necrosis and abortion in early-stage pregnancy loss. There were no morphologic differences between the two groups in the pattern of capillary distribution on the endometrium or the implantation base.

Planeamiento estratégico de la empresa ABR Lagos S.A.C.

OpenAIRE

Zuloeta Lagos, Bujarin Jaime

2016-01-01

La presente investigación tiene por finalidad desarrollar un Plan Estratégico para la empresa ABR Lagos S.A.C. para el periodo 2016-2020, con lo cual se busca consolidar su permanencia en el mercado peruano, incrementar su rentabilidad y mejorar la calidad del servicio. ABR Lagos S.A.C. es una empresa especializada en la fabricación e instalación de estructuras metálicas, la cual con casi siete años en el mercado ha mostrado un significativo crecimiento en las ventas. Para el logro del objeti...

Sudden unilateral deafness with endolymphatic sac adenocarcinoma: MRI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaeta, M.; Blandino, A.; Minutoli, F.; Pandolfo, I.

1999-01-01

A 30-year-old man presented with sudden left deafness and vertigo. CT showed an osteolytic retrolabyrinthine tumour of the left temporal bone. High signal from the tumour and labyrinth was seen on fat-suppressed T 1-weighted images. At surgery, a haemorrhagic papillary-cystic adenocarcinoma of the endolymphatic sac was found. (orig.)

Sudden unilateral deafness with endolymphatic sac adenocarcinoma: MRI

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaeta, M.; Blandino, A.; Minutoli, F.; Pandolfo, I. [Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Univ. of Messina (Italy)

1999-10-01

A 30-year-old man presented with sudden left deafness and vertigo. CT showed an osteolytic retrolabyrinthine tumour of the left temporal bone. High signal from the tumour and labyrinth was seen on fat-suppressed T 1-weighted images. At surgery, a haemorrhagic papillary-cystic adenocarcinoma of the endolymphatic sac was found. (orig.)

Ovarian mixed germ cell tumor with yolk sac and teratomatous components in a dog.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Nicholas A; Manivel, J Carlos; Olson, Erik J

2013-05-01

Mixed germ cell tumors of the ovary have rarely been reported in veterinary species. A 3-year-old intact female Labrador Retriever dog was presented for lethargy, abdominal distention, and a midabdominal mass. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a large (23 cm in diameter) left ovarian tumor and multiple small (2-3 cm in diameter) pale tan masses on the peritoneum and abdominal surface of the diaphragm. Histological examination of the left ovary revealed a mixed germ cell tumor with a yolk sac component with rare Schiller-Duval bodies and a teratomatous component comprised primarily of neural differentiation. The abdominal metastases were solely comprised of the yolk sac component. The yolk sac component was diffusely immunopositive for cytokeratin with scattered cells reactive for α-fetoprotein and placental alkaline phosphatase. Within the teratomatous component, the neuropil was diffusely immunopositive for S100, neuron-specific enolase, and neurofilaments with a few glial fibrillary acidic protein immunopositive cells. Ovarian germ cell tumors may be pure and consist of only 1 germ cell element or may be mixed and include more than 1 germ cell element, such as teratoma and yolk sac tumor.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi SMA Negeri 1 Babalan Dengan Menggunakan Pemrograman PHP Dan MySQL

OpenAIRE

Yulita, Devi

2014-01-01

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membangun suatu sistem informasi pada SMA Negeri 1 Babalan. Sistem ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak PHP, MySQL, Apache, dan Mozilla Firefox juga software pembantu lainnya seperti Adobe Dreamweaver CS5. Tujuan dari sistem informasi ini adalah untuk menyajikan informasi profil sekolah, visi, misi dan tujuan, daftar siswa, daftar guru. Merancang sebuah website untuk membantu siswa dalam memperoleh informasi SMA Negeri 1 Babalan dan website ini dapat...

Self-repairing performance of concrete beams strengthened using superelastic SMA wires in combination with adhesives released from hollow fibers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuang Yachuan; Ou Jinping

2008-01-01

By taking advantage of the superelastic effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) and the cohering characteristic of repairing adhesive, a smart self-repairing concrete beam with damage self-repairing performance has been developed. In order to verify the potential self-repairing capacity of smart concrete beams reinforced with SMA wires and brittle fibers containing adhesives, static loading tests were conducted. Experimental results show that the superelastic SMA wires added self-restoration capacity to concrete beams, the deflection of the beams reversed and the crack closed almost completely after unloading. After the release of adhesive from the broken-open fibers into the cracks from the first loading, stress was redistributed to the uncracked section where a new crack was formed, while the sealed crack remained closed during reloading for the smart concrete beams reinforced with SMA wires and brittle fibers containing adhesives. While the original cracks experienced reopening, the load was carried directly by the wires during reloading for concrete beams reinforced with SMA wires

EFEKTIVITAS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION UNTUK MENGURANGI STRES PADA SISWA SMA YANG AKAN MENGHADAPI UJIAN AKHIR NASIONAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dina Aprilia

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This research is aimed to find the effectivity of Focus Group Discussion (FGD to decrease the feeling stress for senior high school students (SMA who will face the national final examination (UAN. Stress on SMA students is a circumstance which gets negative assessment. It intimidates and pushes the students, in this case is UAN would appear a reaction such as emotional disorder, cognition, physiology and behavior disorder of SMA students. This research concerned 21 SMA students in grade XII, who had high stress level in facing UAN. The subjects were divided into two groups. First group was the experiment group (include 11 students and it was the group who got the FGD treatment. The second group was control group (include 10 students and this group didn’t get the FGD treatment. Collecting data was done by using Stress Scale in facing UAN. It was given (a before FGD (pre-test and (b after FGD (post-test. The hypothesis is examined by using difference examination (t-test by comparing mean pre-test and post-test. The result showed that there was a significant influence to decrease the stress in SMA students who were in experiment group (t = 6,540, p < 0,01 after they got FGD treatment. Experiment group had decreased the stress score to face UAN (Mean=7,476.

Faktor Penghambat Proses Layanan Konseling Individual di SMA se-Kota Cilacap

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Fenti Nurindahsari

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Berdasarkan penuturan guru BK di salah satu SMA di kota Cilacap yang pernah menjadi tempat observasi oleh peneliti, ditemukan fenomena terkait dengan layanan konseling individual di sekolah tersebut yang tidak sesuai dengan teori-teori mengenai konseling individual yang ada dalam bimbingan konseling. Contoh yang tidak sesuai dengan teori  ketika proses konseling berakhir guru BK di sekolah tersebut tidak ada upaya tindak lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor penghambat proses layanan konseling individual di SMA sekota Cilacap. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konselor yang ada di SMA sekota Cilacap. Teknik sampel untuk konselor yang dipilih praktikan adalah sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket. Validitas menggunakan rumus Product Moment. Uji reliabitilitas menggunakan rumus Alpha. Metode analisis data menggunakan deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor internal penghambat berasal dari konselor dalam kriteria tinggi (71,74% faktor eksternal penghambat termasuk kriteria tinggi yaitu norma (71,59%, sarpras (71,38% dan lingkungan fisik (72,39%. Dapat disimpulkan hambatan yang ada dalam proses layanan konseling individual di SMA sekota Cilacap berasal dari faktor internal dan eksternal yang memiliki kriteria yang sama yaitu dalam kategori tinggi. Based the narrative counseling teacher in one high school in Cilacap town that  once a place observation, discovered the phenomenon associated with individual counseling services in the school is not in accordance with the theories about the existing individual counseling in counseling. Examples that don’t fit with theory when the counseling process ends counseling teacher the school is’n follow-up effort. The purpose of this study to determine inhibiting factors individual counseling service process In senior high school Cilacap derby. Pupolasi in research is senior high school counselors. Technical

TMACS Test Procedure TP008: SACS Interface. Revision 5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Washburn, S.J.

1994-01-01

The TMACS Software Project Test Procedures translate the project's acceptance criteria into test steps. Software releases are certified when the affected Test Procedures are successfully performed and the customers authorize installation of these changes. This Test Procedure tests the TMACS SACS Interface functions

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH, DISIPLIN BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA SMA KELAS XI IPS SMA PGRI 1 TAMAN PEMALANG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iyut Sustiasih Sudikno

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah dan disiplin belajar terhadap prestasi belajar melalui motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI IPS SMA PGRI 1 Taman Pemalang. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS SMA PGRI 1 Taman Pemalang. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI IPS yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Variabel bebas yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah Lingkungan Keluarga (X1, Lingkungan Sekolah (X2, Disiplin Belajar (X3. Variabel terikat adalah Prestasi Belajar (Y2 dan Variabel intervening adalah Motivasi Belajar (Y1. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dan angket. Metode analisis data yaitu analisis deskriptif persentase dan analisis uji jalur (path analysis. Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda diperoleh persamaan regresi Y1 = 10,011 + 0,233X1 + 0,391X 2+ 0,522X3 +e1, dan Y2 = 71,062 + 0,227X1 + 0,704Y1 + 0,349X3 + e2. Hasil analisi jalur menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh secara tidak langsung (LK-PB sebesar 22,7%, (LS-PB sebesar 10,5%, (DB-PB sebesar 34,9%, (MB-PB sebesar 70,4% dan pengaruh secara tidak langsung (LK-MB-PB sebesar 16,4%, (LS-MB-PB sebesar 27,5%, (DP-MB-PB sebesar 36,7%. This research aims to determine the effect of on family environment, school environment, learning discipline on students’ achievements through student motivation SMA PGRI 1 Taman Pemalang. The subjects were students of class XI IPS Students of SMA PGRI 1 Taman Pemalang. The background of this research is the student’ achievements XI IPS Stuents of SMA PGRI 1 Taman Pemalang. This research is a quantitative study. The independent variables were examined in this study is family environment (X1, school environment (X2, learning discipline (X3. The dependent variable is the students, achievements (Y2 and the intervening variable is learning motivation (Y1. Data collection methods used are documentation and

Evaluation of Refractivity Profiles from CHAMP and SAC-C GPS Radio Occultation

Science.gov (United States)

Poli, Paul; Ao, Chi On; Joiner, Joanna; delaTorreJuarez, Manuel; Hoff, Raymond

2002-01-01

The GeoForschungsZentrum's Challenging Minisatellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application (CHAMP, Germany-US) and the Comision Nacional de Actividades Especiales' Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C (SAC-C, Argentina-US) missions are the first missions to carry a second-generation Blackjack Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. One of the new features of this receiver is its ability to sense the lower troposphere closer to the surface than the proof-of-concept GPS Meteorology experiment (GPS/MET). Since their launch, CHAMP and SAC-C have collected thousands of GPS radio occultations, representing a wealth of measurements available for data assimilation and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). In order to evaluate the refractivity data derived by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from raw radio occultation measurements, we use Data Assimilation Office (DAO) 6-hour forecasts as an independent state of the atmosphere. We compare CHAMP and SAC-C refractivity (processed by JPL) with refractivity calculated from the DAO global fields of temperature, water vapor content and humidity. We show statistics of the differences as well as histograms of the differences.

Studi Kasus Pengembangan Program Bimbingan dan Konseling di SMA Negeri Kota Surakarta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Annisa

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Penelitian berdasarkan fenomena program bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah belum berjalan dengan baik terutama pada bagian perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program BK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengembangan program di SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta dan SMA N 8 Surakarta mulai dari (1 pelaksanaan asesmen kebutuhan melalui pengumpulan data, (2 interpretasi data asesmen kebutuhan, (3 penetapan prioritas kebutuhan, (4 penetapan tujuan program, (5 penetapan prosedur program, dan (6 perencanaan bagi perbaikan peningkatan penyempurnaan program. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini melibatkan guru BK di SMA Negeri Kota Surakarta. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pada SMA N 7 Surakarta pengembangan program fokus pada penggunaan instrumen dalam asesmen, sasaran asesmen, kesesuaian asesmen dengan kebutuhan siswa, layann klasikal dan layanan kelompok. Sedangkan SMA N 8 Surakarta  difokuskan pada penentuan prioritas kebutuhan dan analisis data kebutuhan siswa. This research of program guidance and counselling in schools has not fully well especially at the planning and execution of counseling and guidance program. The purpose to know the development program at senior high school 7 Surakarta and senior high school 8 Surakarta ranging from (1 the implementation of needs assessment through data collection, data interpretation (2 the assessment of needs, (3 the determination of priority needs, (4 The goal setting program, (5 the determination of the procedures of the program, and (6 The planning for improvements to increase refinement program. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative approach to case studies. This research involves guidance and counseling teachers in senior high school of

Design and demonstration of a fish robot actuated by a SMA-driven actuation system

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Chan H.; Nguyen, Quang S.; Park, Hoon C.

2010-04-01

This paper presents a concept of a fish robot actuated by an SMA-based actuator. The bending-type actuator system is composed of a 0.1mm diameter SMA wire and a 0.5mm thick glass/epoxy strip. The SMA wire is installed to the bent composite strip. The actuator can produce about 200gf of blocking force and 3.5mm displacement at the center of the glass/epoxy strip. The bending motion of the actuator is converted into the tail-beat motion of a fish robot through a linkage system. The fish robot is evaluated by measuring the tail-beat angle, swimming speed and thrust produced by the fish robot. The tail-beat angle is about 20° and the maximum swimming speed is about 1.6cm/s. The measured thrust is about 0.4gf when the fish robot is operated at 0.9Hz.

Desmoid tumor within lesser sac

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Čolović Radoje

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Desmoid tumors or fibromatoses comprise a number of benign fibrous proliferative lesions that have local infiltrative growth and tendency to recur after incomplete excision. They never metastasize. The authors present a 31-year old woman who, due to epigastric pain and palpable mass detected on presentation, underwent the excision of firm tumorous mass, 210x140x115mm in diameter, from the lesser sac. Compressing the splenic vein, the tumor caused left-sided portal hypertension which subsided after the mass was removed. The recovery was uneventful. The histological examination verified typical desmoid tumor. Twelve years after surgery, the patient remained symptom-free with no signs of recurrence.

An unusual foreign body in the preputial sac.

Science.gov (United States)

Jaiswal, A K

1992-01-01

A 28 year old Indian male presented with an unusual foreign body, a penicillin bottle containing tincture of iodine, in the preputial sac. The purpose of introducing the bottle was to tickle his glans penis as a form of masturbation. The bottle was so firmly impacted that it could be removed only under general anaesthesia. Images PMID:1427809

Radiographic anatomy of the distal dural SAC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larsen, J.L.; Olsen, K.O.

1991-01-01

A radio-anatomical study was performed of the distal dural sac (DS) in 121 patients subjected to myelography. In 83.4% the termination of the DS was located from the upper half of the S1-segment to the lower half of the S2-segment. In the remaining patients the dural terminations were more distally located. The average location of the DS-termination was higher than that found in a previous anatomic study. The inference is that in patients with low-back pain and sciatica, the DS tends to terminate at a higher spinal level than in a non-selected anatomic material. The caudal reduction in sagittal diameter of the DS was less than that of the frontal diameter of the sac. The linear diminution in cross-sectional area of the DS from the level of L3 towards the lumbosacral junction was not correlated with the degree of caudal extension of the DS into the sacrum. Thus the length of the DS and its transverse diameters are independent of each other. These results supported the view that the location of the termination of the DS (and hence that of the spinal cord) is not related to stenosis of the central spinal canal. (orig.)

Estrategias de desarrollo para la empresa Cal del Centro S.A.C.

OpenAIRE

Bautista Antón, Yovanni Patricia; Mendoza Rojas, Miguel Ángel

2015-01-01

Cal del Centro S.A.C. es una sociedad anónima cerrada cuyo negocio gira en torno a la actividad económica de la fabricación de cemento, cal y yeso. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la posibilidad de éxito de un proyecto de inversión en una planta de cal, a través de Cal del Centro S.A.C. –como empresa autosuficiente–, para asegurar el cien por ciento del suministro de óxido de calcio en cantidad y calidad para el procesamiento de concentrados de cobre y el tratamiento de aguas indu...

Experimental demonstration of variable weight SAC-OCDMA system for QoS differentiation

Science.gov (United States)

Seyedzadeh, Saleh; Mahdiraji, Ghafour Amouzad; Sahbudin, Ratna Kalos Zakiah; Abas, Ahmad Fauzi; Anas, Siti Barirah Ahmad

2014-10-01

In this paper the experimental and simulation results of variable-weight spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (VW-SAC-OCDMA) system is demonstrated. In the proposed system, three users with weights of 6, 4 and 2 each operating at data rate of 1.25 Gb/s represent video, data and voice services, respectively. Results show that for back-to-back system minimum average power of -20 dBm per chip is required to maintain the acceptable performance. Transmission up to 60 km of fiber is demonstrated. Using mathematical approximation the capacity of VW-SAC-OCDMA system is demonstrated.

iSmaRT: a toolkit for a comprehensive analysis of small RNA-Seq data.

Science.gov (United States)

Panero, Riccardo; Rinaldi, Antonio; Memoli, Domenico; Nassa, Giovanni; Ravo, Maria; Rizzo, Francesca; Tarallo, Roberta; Milanesi, Luciano; Weisz, Alessandro; Giurato, Giorgio

2017-03-15

The interest in investigating the biological roles of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) is increasing, due to the pleiotropic effects of these molecules exert in many biological contexts. While several methods and tools are available to study microRNAs (miRNAs), only few focus on novel classes of sncRNAs, in particular PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). To overcome these limitations, we implemented iSmaRT ( i ntegrative Sm all R NA T ool-kit), an automated pipeline to analyze smallRNA-Seq data. iSmaRT is a collection of bioinformatics tools and own algorithms, interconnected through a Graphical User Interface (GUI). In addition to performing comprehensive analyses on miRNAs, it implements specific computational modules to analyze piRNAs, predicting novel ones and identifying their RNA targets. A smallRNA-Seq dataset generated from brain samples of Huntington's Disease patients was used here to illustrate iSmaRT performances, demonstrating how the pipeline can provide, in a rapid and user friendly way, a comprehensive analysis of different classes of sncRNAs. iSmaRT is freely available on the web at ftp://labmedmolge-1.unisa.it (User: iSmart - Password: password). aweisz@unisa.it or ggiurato@unisa.it. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

PERAN GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESUKSESAN BELAJAR SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 1 DEPOK SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahdi Mahdi

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This study was to determine the role of guidance and counseling teachers in improving student learning success at SMA Negeri 1 Depok Sleman, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative manifold generate descriptive data to describe the behavior of the subject under study. Then the presence of investigators in this study serves as primary research tool. Sources of data in this study are primary data obtained through observation and interview respondents. And secondary data documentation Master's programs of guidance and counseling. Data collection techniques in this study using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Selanjtnya data analysis in this study using qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the models of guidance and counseling program in SMA Negeri 1 Depok form their Intensification Program for class XII, intensification program contains material National Examinations and Pathways to college, learning programs in addition to class 10 and 11 to face the Final Exams Semester in order to satisfy student achievement, educational exhibits, and extracurricular programs in SMA Negeri 1 Depok. Then the data findings in the form of involvement or role of teacher guidance and counseling in improving students' success in school is through a program of classical guidance, counseling and personal counseling, tutoring and social counseling, guidance and counseling to learn, and guidance and career counseling.

A 3D Printed Implantable Device for Voiding the Bladder Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators.

Science.gov (United States)

Hassani, Faezeh Arab; Peh, Wendy Yen Xian; Gammad, Gil Gerald Lasam; Mogan, Roshini Priya; Ng, Tze Kiat; Kuo, Tricia Li Chuen; Ng, Lay Guat; Luu, Percy; Yen, Shih-Cheng; Lee, Chengkuo

2017-11-01

Underactive bladder or detrusor underactivity (DU) is defined as a reduction of contraction strength or duration of the bladder wall. Despite the serious healthcare implications of DU, there are limited solutions for affected individuals. A flexible 3D printed implantable device driven by shape memory alloys (SMA) actuators is presented here for the first time to physically contract the bladder to restore voluntary control of the bladder for individuals suffering from DU. This approach is used initially in benchtop experiments with a rubber balloon acting as a model for the rat bladder to verify its potential for voiding, and that the operating temperatures are safe for the eventual implantation of the device in a rat. The device is then implanted and tested on an anesthetized rat, and a voiding volume of more than 8% is successfully achieved for the SMA-based device without any surgical intervention or drug injection to relax the external sphincter.

Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo sebagai Sekolah Berkategori The Outstanding School of Muhammadiyah

OpenAIRE

Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh

2016-01-01

This article examines about improving the education quality of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo as the Outstanding School of Muhammadiyah. This article reveals that the quality improvement of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo was conducted through: the arrangement of school program and self evaluation, the reinforcement of vision, mission and education objective, the reinforcement of leadership and teamwork, the improvement of teachers and educators competence, the improvement learners quality input, th...

Stretch induced endothelin-1 secretion by adult rat astrocytes involves calcium influx via stretch-activated ion channels (SACs)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ostrow, Lyle W.; Suchyna, Thomas M.; Sachs, Frederick

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Endothelin-1 expression by adult rat astrocytes correlates with cell proliferation. → Stretch-induced ET-1 is inhibited by GsMtx-4, a specific inhibitor of Ca 2+ permeant SACs. → The less specific SAC inhibitor streptomycin also inhibits ET-1 secretion. → Stretch-induced ET-1 production depends on a calcium influx. → SAC pharmacology may provide a new class of therapeutic agents for CNS pathology. -- Abstract: The expression of endothelins (ETs) and ET-receptors is often upregulated in brain pathology. ET-1, a potent vasoconstrictor, also inhibits the expression of astrocyte glutamate transporters and is mitogenic for astrocytes, glioma cells, neurons, and brain capillary endothelia. We have previously shown that mechanical stress stimulates ET-1 production by adult rat astrocytes. We now show in adult astrocytes that ET-1 production is driven by calcium influx through stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) and the ET-1 production correlates with cell proliferation. Mechanical stimulation using biaxial stretch ( 2+ threshold. This coupling of mechanical stress to the astrocyte endothelin system through SACs has treatment implications, since all pathology deforms the surrounding parenchyma.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBANTUAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF TERHADAP BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI DI BOJONEGORO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nilam Retnosari

2016-08-01

Berpikir kritis (critical thinking merupakan salah satu kecakapan berpikir yang penting pada abad XXI. Hasil TIMSS menunjukkan rata-rata kemampuan domain penalaran dan penerapan relatif rendah. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang diamanatkan Kurikulum 2013 adalah inkuiri terbimbing yang pelaksanaannya membutuhkan peran sumber belajar, seperti multimedia interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan multimedia interaktif terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini merupakan Quasi Experiment. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Sumberrejo Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 dengan sampel siswa kelas XI IPA 1, IPA 2, dan IPA 5. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April—Mei 2016. Instrumen berupa soal tes keterampilan berpikir kritis. Data dianalisis dengan kovarian (Anakova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan multimedia interaktif berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa meningkat sebesar 400,2% pada kelas inkuiri terbimbing dan 416,8% pada kelas inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan multimedia.

Implementing a trustworthy cost-accounting model.

Science.gov (United States)

Spence, Jay; Seargeant, Dan

2015-03-01

Hospitals and health systems can develop an effective cost-accounting model and maximize the effectiveness of their cost-accounting teams by focusing on six key areas: Implementing an enhanced data model. Reconciling data efficiently. Accommodating multiple cost-modeling techniques. Improving transparency of cost allocations. Securing department manager participation. Providing essential education and training to staff members and stakeholders.

Embedded SMA wire actuated biomimetic fin: a module for biomimetic underwater propulsion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Zhenlong; Hang Guanrong; Wang Yangwei; Li Jian; Du Wei

2008-01-01

An embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuated biomimetic fin is presented, and based on this module for biomimetic underwater propulsion, a micro robot fish (146 mm in length, 30 g in weight) and a robot squid (242 mm in length, 360 g in weight) were developed. Fish swim by undulating their body and/or fins. Squid and cuttlefish can also swim by undulating their fins. To simplify engineering modeling, the undulating swimming movement is assumed to be the integration of the movements of many flexible bending segments connected in parallel or in series. According to this idea, a biomimetic fin which can bend flexibly was developed. The musculature of a cuttlefish fin was investigated to aid the design of the biomimetic fin. SMA wires act as 'muscle fibers' to drive the biomimetic fin just like the transverse muscles of the cuttlefish fin. During the bending phase, elastic energy is stored in the elastic substrate and skin, and during the return phase, elastic energy is released to power the return movement. Theorem analysis of the bending angle was performed to estimate the bending performance of the biomimetic fin. Experiments were carried out on single-face fins with latex rubber skin and silicone skin (SF-L and SF-S) to compare the bending angle, return time, elastic energy storage and reliability. Silicone was found to be the better skin. A dual-face fin with silicone skin (DF-S) was tested in water to evaluate the actuating performance and to validate the reliability. Thermal analysis of the SMA temperature was performed to aid the control strategy. The micro robot fish and robot squid employ one and ten DF-S, respectively. Swimming experiments with different actuation frequencies were carried out. The speed and steering radius of the micro robot fish reached 112 mm s −1 and 136 mm, respectively, and the speed and rotary speed of the robot squid reached 40 mm s −1 and 22° s −1 , respectively

Understanding financial crisis through accounting models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bezemer, D.J.

2010-01-01

This paper presents evidence that accounting (or flow-of-funds) macroeconomic models helped anticipate the credit crisis and economic recession Equilibrium models ubiquitous in mainstream policy and research did not This study traces the Intellectual pedigrees of the accounting approach as an

Modelling in Accounting. Theoretical and Practical Dimensions

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Teresa Szot-Gabryś

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Accounting in the theoretical approach is a scientific discipline based on specific paradigms. In the practical aspect, accounting manifests itself through the introduction of a system for measurement of economic quantities which operates in a particular business entity. A characteristic of accounting is its flexibility and ability of adaptation to information needs of information recipients. One of the main currents in the development of accounting theory and practice is to cover by economic measurements areas which have not been hitherto covered by any accounting system (it applies, for example, to small businesses, agricultural farms, human capital, which requires the development of an appropriate theoretical and practical model. The article illustrates the issue of modelling in accounting based on the example of an accounting model developed for small businesses, i.e. economic entities which are not obliged by law to keep accounting records.

Minimizing the Moisture Damage and Drain down of Iraqi SMA Mixtures Using Waste Additives

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Ali Al-Hadidy

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This research deals with the viability of using polyester fiber (PF, crumb rubber tire (CRT and cellulose fiber (CF as stabilizing waste additives in producing Iraqi SMA mixtures that sustain drain down phenomenon and moisture damage sensitivity. Different ratios of these additives (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% by weight of aggregate and filler were mixed with 40/50 paving asphalt by means of dry process. Unmodified and modified SMA mixtures were subjected to drain down, Marshall, static indirect tensile strength, tensile stiffness modulus, static compressive strength, tensile strength ratio and index of retained strength tests. A set of regression equations between these tests were established. In addition, an optimization table based on these tests, which can be used to select the type or amount of additive for any field applications has been determined and reported. The results indicated that the inclusion of these additives in SMA mixtures can satisfy the performance requirement of high temperature and much rain zone.

Free vibration response of a multilayer smart hybrid composite plate with embedded SMA wires

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. Malekzadeh

Full Text Available In this paper, free vibration response of a hybrid composite plate was studied. Effects of some geometrical, physical and material parameters on response of the composite plates embedded with shape memory alloy (SMA wires were investigated, which have not been reported in the literature thus far. Some of these parameters included important factors affecting free vibration response of the smart hybrid composite plates. The SMA wires were embedded within the layers of the composite laminate. First-order shear deformation theory (FSDT was utilized to obtain the governing equations of hybrid composite plates. Transverse shear and rotary inertia effects of the plate were taken into consideration. For simply-supported boundary conditions, systematic closed form solutions were obtained by Navier's technique. It was established that dynamic behavior of the smart hybrid composite plate depended on various parameters such as volume fraction, temperature dependent recovery stress and tensile pre-strain of SMA wires and aspect ratio of the laminated hybrid plate.

GENÇ PARTİ'Yİ ANLAMAK (Parti, Lider ve Kitle Üzerine Bir Çalısma)

OpenAIRE

TÜRK, Hasan Bahadır

2007-01-01

Türk, Hasan Bahadır, Genç Parti’yi Anlamak: Parti, Lider ve Kitle Üzerine BirÇalısma, Doktora Tezi, Danısman: Doç.Dr. Aykut Çelebi, 399 s.ÖZETBu çalısmanın amacı; Genç Parti’nin temel yapısal özelliklerine ısık tutmaktır. Çalısma;Genç Parti’yi lider, kadro, parti tipolojisi, ideoloji ve söylem gibi parçalarındanhareketle analiz etmeye ve kitleyle kurdugu iliskiyi tartısmaya odaklanacaktır. Çalısma,üç ana bölümden olusmaktadır. lk iki bölümde Uzanlar’ın genel yapısı, yükselis veçöküs süreci Ge...

Aortic aneurysm sac pressure measurements after endovascular repair using an implantable remote sensor: initial experience and short-term follow-up

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoppe, Hanno; Kaufman, John A.; Segall, Jocelyn A.; Liem, Timothy K.; Landry, Gregory J.

2008-01-01

The purpose of this single-center study was to report our initial experience with an implantable remote pressure sensor for aneurysm sac pressure measurement in patients post-endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) including short-term follow-up. A pressure sensor (EndoSure, Atlanta, GA) was implanted in 12 patients treated with different commercially available aortic endografts for EVAR. Pressure was read pre- and post-EVAR in the operating room. One-month follow-up (30 days ± 6 days) was performed including sac pressure readings and IV contrast CT scans. Variables were compared using the paired Student's t test. An intraprocedure type-I endoleak and a type-III endoleak were successfully treated resulting in decreasing sac pressures. In all patients, post-EVAR systolic sac pressure decreased by an average of 33% (P ≤ 0.005) compared to pre-EVAR measurements. One-month follow-up demonstrated a 47% decrease in systolic sac pressure (P ≤ 0.05). On follow-up CT scans, the average maximum aneurysm diameter pre-EVAR was 6.3 ± 1.6 cm and post-EVAR 6.0 ± 1.7 cm (P≤0.05). The diameter of the aneurysm sac was larger only in one patient with a type-III endoleak. Remote sac pressure measurement may provide important information in addition to imaging and may help to reduce the number of follow-up CT scans. (orig.)

PELATIHAN PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH BIDANG SOSIAL ( HUKUM DI SMA NEGERI 3 DENPASAR

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I KETUT SUDIARTA

2012-09-01

Full Text Available ABSRACT Training of Constructing Scientific Report on Social Major (Law has done on SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar, by the Guiding Team of the Lecturers of Law Faculty of Udayana University through a practice of constructing a report in a class through a workshop. Aproximately, 40% are for meanwhile, 60% are by practice of composing and providing some reference which is related to the constructing of a social-scientific report, and there all are done well so far. This fact was indicated by the responds which were given by the students of SMA Negeri 3 Denpasar, especially for those who join the KIR group.This activity has been done once a week.

A Novel SMA-based Concept for Airfoil Structural Morphing

Science.gov (United States)

Barbarino, S.; Pecora, R.; Lecce, L.; Concilio, A.; Ameduri, S.; Calvi, E.

2009-08-01

The adaptive structures concept is of great interest in the aerospace field because of the several benefits which can be accomplished in the fields including noise reduction, load alleviation, weight reduction, etc., at a level in which they can be considered as compulsory in the design of future aircraft. Improvements in terms of the aerodynamic efficiency, aeroelastic behavior, stability, and manoeuvrability performance have already been proved through many international studies in the past. In the family of the Smart Materials, Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) seem to be a suitable solution for many static applications. Their high structural integrability in conjunction with actuation capabilities and a favorable performance per weight ratio, allows the development of original architectures. In this study, a morphing wing trailing edge concept is presented; morphing ability was introduced with the aim of replacing a conventional flap device. A compliant rib structure was designed, based on SMA actuators exhibiting structural potential (bearing external aerodynamic loads). Numerical results, achieved through a FE approach, are presented in terms of trailing edge induced displacement and morphed shape.

A 1D constitutive model for shape memory alloy using strain and temperature as control variables and including martensite reorientation and asymmetric behaviors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaber, M Ben; Mehrez, S; Ghazouani, O

2014-01-01

In this paper, a new 1D constitutive model for shape memory alloy using strain and temperature as control variables is presented. The new formulation is restricted to the 1D stress case and takes into account the martensite reorientation and the asymmetry of the SMA behavior in tension and compression. Numerical implementation of the new model in a finite element code was conducted. The numerical results for superelastic behavior in tension and compression tests are presented and were compared to experimental data taken from the literature. Other numerical tests are presented, showing the model’s ability to reproduce the main aspects of SMA behavior such as the shape memory effect and the martensite reorientation under cyclic loading. Finally, to demonstrate the utility of the new constitutive model, a dynamic test of a bi-clamped SMA bending beam under forced oscillation is described. (paper)

IGF-1 delivery to CNS attenuates motor neuron cell death but does not improve motor function in type III SMA mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsai, Li-Kai; Chen, Yi-Chun; Cheng, Wei-Cheng; Ting, Chen-Hung; Dodge, James C; Hwu, Wuh-Liang; Cheng, Seng H; Passini, Marco A

2012-01-01

The efficacy of administering a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding human IGF-1 (AAV2/1-hIGF-1) into the deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) of a type III SMA mouse model was evaluated. High levels of IGF-1 transcripts and protein were detected in the spinal cord at 2 months post-injection demonstrating that axonal connections between the cerebellum and spinal cord were able to act as conduits for the viral vector and protein to the spinal cord. Mice treated with AAV2/1-hIGF-1 and analyzed 8 months later showed changes in endogenous Bax and Bcl-xl levels in spinal cord motor neurons that were consistent with IGF-1-mediated anti-apoptotic effects on motor neurons. However, although AAV2/1-hIGF-1 treatment reduced the extent of motor neuron cell death, the majority of rescued motor neurons were non-functional, as they lacked axons that innervated the muscles. Furthermore, treated SMA mice exhibited abnormal muscle fibers, aberrant neuromuscular junction structure, and impaired performance on motor function tests. These data indicate that although CNS-directed expression of IGF-1 could reduce motor neuron cell death, this did not translate to improvements in motor function in an adult mouse model of type III SMA. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

S&MA Internship to Support Orion and the European Service Module

Science.gov (United States)

Hutcheson, Connor

2016-01-01

As a University Space Research Association (USRA) intern for NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) during the summer 2016 work term, I worked on three main projects for the Space Exploration Division (NC) of the Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) Directorate. I worked on all three projects concurrently. One of the projects involved facilitating the status and closure of technical actions that were created during European Service Module (ESM) safety reviews by the MPCV Safety & Engineering Review Panel (MSERP). The two main duties included accurately collecting and summarizing qualitative data, and communicating that information to the European Space Agency (ESA) and Airbus (ESA's prime contractor) in a clear, succinct and precise manner. This project also required that I create a report on the challenges and opportunities of international S&MA. With its heavy emphasis on soft skills, this project taught me how to communicate better, by showing me how to present and share information in an easy-to-read and understandable format, and by showing me how to cooperate with and culturally respect international partners on a technical project. The second project involved working with the Orion Thermal Protection System (TPS) Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) Working Group to create the first full version of the Orion TPS PFMEA. The Orion TPS PFMEA Working Group met twice a week to analyze the Avcoat block installation process for failure modes, the failure modes effects, and how such failure modes could be controlled. I was in charge of implementing changes that were discussed in meeting, but were not implemented real time. Another major task included creating a significant portion of the content alongside another team member outside the two weekly meetings. This project caused me to become knowledgeable about TPS, heatshields, space-rated manufacturing, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE). The project also helped me to become better at working with a small

Questioning Stakeholder Legitimacy: A Philanthropic Accountability Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Kraeger, Patsy; Robichau, Robbie

2017-01-01

Philanthropic organizations contribute to important work that solves complex problems to strengthen communities. Many of these organizations are moving toward engaging in public policy work, in addition to funding programs. This paper raises questions of legitimacy for foundations, as well as issues of transparency and accountability in a pluralistic democracy. Measures of civic health also inform how philanthropic organizations can be accountable to stakeholders. We propose a holistic model for philanthropic accountability that combines elements of transparency and performance accountability, as well as practices associated with the American pluralistic model for democratic accountability. We argue that philanthropic institutions should seek stakeholder and public input when shaping any public policy agenda. This paper suggests a new paradigm, called philanthropic accountability that can be used for legitimacy and democratic governance of private foundations engaged in policy work. The Philanthropic Accountability Model can be empirically tested and used as a governance tool.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the supplementary motor area (SMA) influences performance on motor tasks.

Science.gov (United States)

Hupfeld, K E; Ketcham, C J; Schneider, H D

2017-03-01

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is believed to be highly involved in the planning and execution of both simple and complex motor tasks. This study aimed to examine the role of the SMA in planning the movements required to complete reaction time, balance, and pegboard tasks using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which passes a weak electrical current between two electrodes, in order to modulate neuronal activity. Twenty healthy adults were counterbalanced to receive either tDCS (experimental condition) or no tDCS (control condition) for 3 days. During administration of tDCS, participants performed a balance task significantly faster than controls. After tDCS, subjects significantly improved their simple and choice reaction time. These results demonstrate that the SMA is highly involved in planning and executing fine and gross motor skill tasks and that tDCS is an effective modality for increasing SMA-related performance on these tasks. The findings may be generalizable and therefore indicate implications for future interventions using tDCS as a therapeutic tool.

Induction of rat yolk sac carcinomas with consistent pattern of laminin, entactin, and type IV collagen biosynthesis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wewer, U

1984-01-01

Twenty-four yolk sac carcinomas in Lewis rats were experimentally induced by puncturing the pregnant uterine wall with a hypodermic needle at day 9-13 of gestation. Morphologically, the tumours were composed of parietal- and visceral yolk sac carcinoma and to a less degree of trophoblastic giant...

A simple 1D model with thermomechanical coupling for superelastic SMAs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaki, W; Morin, C; Moumni, Z

2010-01-01

This paper presents an outline for a new uniaxial model for shape memory alloys that accounts for thermomechanical coupling. The coupling provides an explanation of the dependence of SMA behavior on the loading rate. 1D simulations are carried in Matlab using simple finite-difference discretization of the mechanical and thermal equations.

Distal Regeneration Involves the Age Dependent Activity of Branchial Sac Stem Cells in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeffery, William R

2015-02-01

Tunicates have high capacities for regeneration but the underlying mechanisms and their relationship to life cycle progression are not well understood. Here we investigate the regeneration of distal structures in the ascidian tunicate Ciona intestinalis . Analysis of regenerative potential along the proximal-distal body axis indicated that distal organs, such as the siphons, their pigmented sensory organs, and the neural complex, could only be replaced from body fragments containing the branchial sac. Distal regeneration involves the formation of a blastema composed of cells that undergo cell proliferation prior to differentiation and cells that differentiate without cell proliferation. Both cell types originate in the branchial sac and appear in the blastema at different times after distal injury. Whereas the branchial sac stem cells are present in young animals, they are depleted in old animals that have lost their regeneration capacity. Thus Ciona adults contain a population of age-related stem cells located in the branchial sac that are a source of precursors for distal body regeneration.

KEEFEKTIFAN STRATEGI MODELING PARTISIPAN DALAM BANTUAN TEMAN SEBAYA (PEER HELPING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL SISWA SMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zeti Novitasari

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Interpersonal communication is one of important skills that should be owned by a student to reach success in the future. Thus, it is needed a proper strategy to improve students interpersonal communication.this study aims at knowing the effectivity 0f participant modelling strategy and covert modelling implemented in peer helping to improve interpersonal communication of senior high students. This study uses pretest and posttest control group design. Participant modeling strategy as experimental group and covert modeling as control group. Every experimental group and control group consist of six students who have low interpersonal communication. The instruments used are interpersonal communication scale, instruction of peer helping by using participant modelling strategy and covert modeling, reflexion sheet, and observation sheet. This study uses two kinds analysis, namely non parametric statistic test, two-independent sample Test-Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon test, an analysis to know the changing of each group. The result of study shows participant modeling strategy could improve students interpersonal communication. Komunikasi interpersonal merupakan salah satu ketrampilan yang sangat penting dimiliki oleh seorang pelajar untuk mencapai keberhasilan dalam aktivitas masa depan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perlu strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan komunikasi interpersonal siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan strategi modeling partisipan dan covert modeling yang diimplementasi dalam bantuan teman sebaya untuk meningkatkan komunikasi interpersonal siswa SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan adalah pretest and posttest control group design. Strategi modeling partisipan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan covert modeling sebagai kelompok control. Setiap kelompok eksperimen dan control terdiri dari enam siswa yang terjaring memiliki komunikasi interpersonal rendah. Instrument yang digunakan adalah skala komunikasi

Penerapan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (Ctl) Dengan Model Problem Posing Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Biologi Siswa Kelas X.2 SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2011/2012

OpenAIRE

Suparmi, Suparmi; Suciati, Suciati; Harlita, Harlita

2013-01-01

– This research aims to improve low quality of biology in class X.2 SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in academic year 2011/2012. Learning considered by teacher's performance, utility of facilities in the classroom, classroom climate, student's scientific attitude, and student motivation of achievement applying for approach Contextual Teaching and Learning with Problem Posing model. This research was a classroom action research which and performed in three cycles. Each cycle consisted of 4 ...

Bone histological correlates for air sacs and their implications for understanding the origin of the dinosaurian respiratory system.

Science.gov (United States)

Lambertz, Markus; Bertozzo, Filippo; Sander, P Martin

2018-01-01

Air sacs are an important component of the avian respiratory system, and corresponding structures also were crucial for the evolution of sauropod dinosaur gigantism. Inferring the presence of air sacs in fossils so far is restricted to bones preserving internal pneumatic cavities and foramina as osteological correlates. We here present bone histological correlates for air sacs as a new potential identification tool for these elements of the respiratory system. The analysis of several avian and non-avian dinosaur samples revealed delicate fibres in secondary trabecular and secondary endosteal bone that in the former case (birds) is known or in the latter (non-avian dinosaurs) assumed to have been in contact with air sacs, respectively. The bone histology of this 'pneumosteal tissue' is markedly different from those regions where muscles attached presenting classical Sharpey's fibres. The pneumatized bones of several non-dinosaurian taxa do not exhibit the characteristics of this 'pneumosteum'. Our new histology-based approach thus can be instrumental in reconstructing the origin of air sacs among dinosaurs and hence for our understanding of this remarkable evolutionary novelty of the respiratory system. © 2018 The Author(s).

Managing the move to the cloud – analyzing the risks and opportunities of cloud-based accounting information systems

OpenAIRE

Asatiani, Aleksandre; Penttinen, Esko

2015-01-01

The accounting industry is being disrupted by the introduction of cloud-based accounting information systems (AIS) that allow for a more efficient allocation of work between the accountant and the client company. In cloud-based AIS, the accountant and the client company as well as third parties such as auditors can simultaneously work on the data in real time. This, in turn, enables a much more granular division of work between the parties. This teaching case considers Kluuvin Apteekki, a sma...

On the origin of avian air sacs.

Science.gov (United States)

Farmer, C G

2006-11-01

For many vertebrates the lung is the largest and lightest organ in the body cavity and for these reasons can greatly affect an organism's shape, density, and its distribution of mass; characters that are important to locomotion. In this paper non-respiratory functions of the lung are considered along with data on the respiratory capacities and gas exchange abilities of birds and crocodilians to infer the evolutionary history of the respiratory systems of dinosaurs, including birds. From a quadrupedal ancestry theropod dinosaurs evolved a bipedal posture. Bipedalism is an impressive balancing act, especially for tall animals with massive heads. During this transition selection for good balance and agility may have helped shape pulmonary morphology. Respiratory adaptations arising for bipedalism are suggested to include a reduction in costal ventilation and the use of cuirassal ventilation with a caudad expansion of the lung into the dorsal abdominal cavity. The evolution of volant animals from bipeds required yet again a major reorganization in body form. With this transition avian air sacs may have been favored because they enhanced balance and agility in flight. Finally, I propose that these hypotheses can be tested by examining the importance of the air sacs to balance and agility in extant animals and that these data will enhance our understanding of the evolution of the respiratory system in archosaurs.

Are single entry communities and cul-de-sacs a barrier to active transport to school in 11 elementary schools in Las Vegas, NV metropolitan area?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Courtney Coughenour

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Single entry communities (SECs and cul-de-sacs minimize route choices and increase trip distance. Las Vegas' built environment facilitates the examination of these variables and active transport to school (ATS rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of SECs and cul-de-sacs on ATS rates in Las Vegas, NV elementary children. Parental-reported data was collected from 11 elementary schools on ATS rates (n = 1217. SECs and cul-de-sacs were quantified for each school zone. Logistic regression models were used to predict ATS. 23.9% of students reported ATS all of the time and 31.4% some of the time. SECs per school zone ranged from 0 to 25 (mean = 11.9. Cul-de-sacs ranged from 12 to 315 (mean = 138.3. Some ATS use was predicted by distance from school (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.61, parental education (high school: p = 0.004;OR = 0.53, some college: p = 0.001;OR = 0.50, 4 year degree: p = 0.004;OR = 0.52 and cul-de-sacs (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.99. A separate model using distance from school (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.61, parental education (high school: p = 0.002;OR = 0.51, some college: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.45, 4 year degree: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.45 and SECs (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.96 predicted some ATS. All ATS use was predicted by distance from school (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.58, parental education (Grades 9–11: p = 0.05;OR = 0.61, high school: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.45, some college: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.41, 4 year degree: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.38 and SECs (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.97. A separate model using distance from school (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.58, parental education (Grades 9–11: p = 0.041;OR = 0.59, high school: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.47, some college: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.44, 4 year degree: p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.43 and cul-de-sacs (p ≤ 0.001;OR = 0.99 predicted all ATS. Current findings reveal that both SECs and cul-de-sacs were predictors of ATS beyond distance. Students

MRI of cul-de-sac endometriosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balestrini, Maria A.; Martin, Eduardo; Gomez Sanetta, Santiago; De Lucas, Federico; Bruno, Claudio; Sanchez Marull, Ricardo; Villamayor, Irene

2000-01-01

The endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of ectopic functioning endometrial tissue. According to different studies, the incidence of endometriosis in fertile women oscillates between 10% and 15%. There are many theories (Sampson or menstrual blood transport, coelomic methaplasia, lymphatic dissemination, blood, etc.) that take part in the ethiopatogenic explanation of the disease. The findings obtained by excretory urography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cytology and histology in a 31 years old patient with cul-de-sac endometriosis is presented. MRI was the imaging method of choice for diagnosis and follow-up after treatment of this condition. (author)

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU PEDOMAN GURU PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SMA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM SOLVING LEVEL INKUIRI

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Susi Fatikhah Setiyawati

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1 menghasilkan buku pedoman guru untuk pembelajaran fisika SMA menggunakan model problem solving sesuai level inkuiri yang layak digunakan; (2 mendeskripsikan keberhasilan pembelajaran fisika menggunakan model problem solving (MPS sesuai dengan level inkuiri sesuai dengan buku pedoman terhadap peningkatan aktivitas peserta didik dan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan, sesuai langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Subjek coba menggunakan delapan kelas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket respon peserta didik, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan proses pembelajaran, lembar observasi aktivitas belajar dan tes kemampuan berfikir kritis peserta didik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji multivariat (Manova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan ditinjau dari aspek materi, petunjuk umum buku, RPP & LKPD, dan perangkat penilaiam pembelajaran menurut ahli materi dan ahli media berkategori baik dan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berfikir kritis dan aktivitas belajar peserta didik yang signifikan antara keenam level inkuiri yang diujicobakan. Kata Kunci: model problem solving, level inkuiri, kemampuan berfikir kritis, aktivitas belajar   DEVELOPING A HANDBOOK FOR TEACHER IN TEACHERS HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL PHYSICS USE THE MODEL OF PROBLEM SOLVING LEVEL OF INQUIRY Abstract This study aims to: (1 to produce a handbook for teachers high school level physics use a model of problem solving with level of inquiry fit for use; (2 to determine the successful learning of physics using a model of problem solving in accordance with the level of inquiry to increase learning activities of learners and critical thinking abilities of learners. This research is the development, which refers to measures developed by Borg & Gall. The subject try consists of eight classes. Data collection using the questionnaire responses of learners, observation sheets learning

Hubungan antara Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Memori Kerja Murid SMA Don Bosco III Bekasi

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Michelle Clarissa Junaidi

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Latar belakang. Memori kerja merupakan bagian dari memori jangka pendek yang berperan penting dalam membantu proses pembelajaran dan dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas fisik, memori kerja yang rendah akan menimbulkan kesulitan untuk menerima informasi baru serta penurunan prestasi belajar. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap kapasitas memori kerja murid SMA Don Bosco III. Metode. Penelitian metode analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada 113 murid SMA Don Bosco III, Bekasi, pada 18 – 20 Juli 2016. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner demografi, kuesioner skrining gangguan mental dan penyakit kronis, Physical Acitivity Questionnaire of Adolescent (PAQ-A dan Operation Span (O-SPAN. Analisis data dengan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil. Terdapat 113 murid SMA Don Bosco III dengan kisaran usia 14 – 17 tahun, usia terbanyak 15 tahun (47.8%, laki-laki 61,1%, murid kelas X 44.2%. Mayoritas responden memiliki aktivitas fisik “kurang baik” dan rerata memori kerja 6,16. Analisis Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna (p<0,05 antara aktivitas fisik terhadap memori kerja dengan korelasi positif lemah (r=0,384. Kesimpulan. Terdapat korelasi positif antara aktivitas fisik dan memori kerja, aktivitas fisik yang semakin tinggi cenderung akan meningkatkan memori kerja.

Preparation, characterization and thermal properties of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA)/fatty acid composites as form stable phase change materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sari, Ahmet; Alkan, Cemil; Karaipekli, Ali; Onal, Adem

2008-01-01

Fatty acids such as stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) are promising phase change materials (PCMs) for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) applications, but high cost is the major drawback of them, limiting their utility area in thermal energy storage. The use of fatty acids as form stable PCMs will increase their feasibilities in practical applications due to the reduced cost of the LHTES system. In this regard, a series of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA)/fatty acid composites, SMA/SA, SMA/PA, SMA/MA, and SMA/LA, were prepared as form stable PCMs by encapsulation of fatty acids into the SMA, which acts as a supporting material. The encapsulation ratio of fatty acids was as much as 85 wt.% and no leakage of fatty acid was observed even when the temperature of the form stable PCM was over the melting point of the fatty acid in the composite. The prepared form stable composite PCMs were characterized using optic microscopy (OM), viscosimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy methods, and the results showed that the SMA was physically and chemically compatible with the fatty acids. In addition, the thermal characteristics such as melting and freezing temperatures and latent heats of the form stable composite PCMs were measured by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, which indicated they had good thermal properties. On the basis of all the results, it was concluded that form stable SMA/fatty acid composite PCMs had important potential for practical LHTES applications such as under floor space heating of buildings and passive solar space heating of buildings by using wallboard, plasterboard or floors impregnated with a form stable PCM due to their satisfying thermal properties, easy preparation in desired dimensions, direct usability without needing additional encapsulation thereby eliminating the thermal resistance caused by the shell and, thus, reducing the cost of

Comparison between Conventional OCDMA and Subcarrier Multiplexing SAC OCDMA System Based on Single Photodiode Detection

OpenAIRE

Ahmad N. A. A; Junita M. N; Aljunid Syed Alwi; Che Beson Mohd Rashidi; Endut Rosdisham

2017-01-01

This paper demonstrates the comparison between conventional OCDMA system and subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) SAC-OCDMA system by applying Recursive Combinatorial (RC) code based on single photodiode detection (SPD). SPD is used in the receiver part to reduce the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) which contributes as a dominant noise in incoherent SAC-OCDMA systems. From this analysis, the performance of SCM OCDMA network could be improved by using lower data rates and higher received...

A Giant Occipital Encephalocele in Neonate with Spontaneous Hemorrhage into the Encephalocele Sac: Surgical Management

OpenAIRE

Satyarthee, Guru Dutta; Moscote-Salazar, Luis Rafael; Escobar-Hernandez, Nidia; Aquino-Matus, Jose; Puac-Polanco, Paulo Cesar; Hoz, Samer S; Calderon-Miranda, Willem Guillermo

2017-01-01

The presence of giant occipital encephalocele represents a surgical challenge. However, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging with venography can help in delineating relation of venous sinus, content of the sac and help classify occipital encephalocele into infra-torcular and torcular depending on the relation with position of torcula. However, the presence of old hemorrhage into encephalocele sac is extremely rare and in the detailed PubMed search, the authors could find one such case, rep...

Changes in endolymphatic hydrops visualized by magnetic resonance imaging after sac surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yuan; Cui, Yong-Hua; Hu, Ying; Mao, Zhong-Yao; Wang, Qiu-Xia; Pan, Chu; Liu, Ai-Guo

2016-10-01

The purpose of the study was to observe changes in endolymphatic hydrops by using intratympanic injection of gadolinium and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after endolymphatic sac surgery in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease. Thirteen patients with unilateral Meniere's disease undergoing endolymphatic sac surgery were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery or three-dimensional real inversion recovery MRI was performed 24 h after an intratympanic injection of gadolinium to grade the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. Among the 13 patients with hydrops confirmed by preoperative MRI, vestibular hydrops had no significant change in all patients; cochlear hydrops became negative in 2 patients, and remained unchanged in the other 11 patients after surgery. Definite vertigo attacks were substantially controlled in one patient and completely controlled in 12 patients during a follow-up period of 8-34 months after surgery. The hearing levels were improved in 3 patients, remained unchanged in 7 patients, and decreased in 3 patients. In conclusion, endolymphatic sac surgery does not always alleviate endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Meniere's disease. Relief from vertigo cannot always be attributed to the remission of hydrops. A change in hearing levels cannot be explained by hydrops status alone.

Pengembangan Instrumen Ranah Kognitif pada Pokok Bahasan Fluida Statis SMA/MA

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Mukarramah Mustari

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This study aims to: 1 Develop Instrument Domains Cognitive at Static Fluid material in SMA / MA, 2 determine the validity of the instrument of cognitive tests on the static fluid material, 3 determine the reliability of cognitive principal static fluid discussion, 4 determine the level of difficulty of the cognitive tests on the static fluid material, 5 determine distinguishing cognitive test on static fluid material. The result products include cognitive aspects such instruments multiple choice tests and essay tests. Instrument developed on cognitive aspects in the form of multiple choice tests and a description to the extent of competence Bloom C1 to C6 on the material of Static Fluid. The Design of this study is used the development procedure Reasearch and Depelopment (R & D from Borg and Gall adopted by Sugiono ie; up to the stage seven form consisting of: the potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revisions, product trials, product revision. The data collecting is obtained from the results of expert validation instrument, the response of teachers, and product trials, and then analyzed by quantitative descriptive. The results of the analysis of the development of the instrument can be concluded that the cognitive instruments on the material of static fluid SMA / MA is excellent to be used by teachers in the assessment of competence of learners. Penelitian Pengembangan Instrumen Ranah Kognitif pada Pokok Bahasan Fluida Statis SMA/MA Ini dilakukan bertujuan;1 mengembangkan Instrumen Ranah Kognitif pada Pokok Bahasan Fluida Statis SMA/MA, 2 mengetahui validitas instrumen tes kognitif pokok bahasan fluida statis, 3 mengetahui reliabilitas kognitif pokok bahasan fluida statis, 4 mengetahui tingkat kesukaran tes kognitif pokok bahasan fluida statis, 5 mengetahui daya pembeda tes kognitif pada pokok bahasan fluida statis. Produk yang dihasilkan meliputi instrumen aspek kognitif berupa

COMPARING THE USE OF FIVE-PACKAGE OF MATH IN THE 2011 NATIONAL EXAMINATION BETWEEN SMA AND MADRASAH ALIYAH: A CASE STUDY IN JAKARTA

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Wardani Rahayu

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This study aims to compare five question packages used in the 2011 National Examination, specifically for Maths for Social Studies subject between public senior high school (SMA and Islamic senior high school (MA in Jakarta. It employed simple random sampling as its data collection technique. The independent variables used were the category of high schools and the Five Question Packages used in the National Examination. The schools were divided into two: regular senior high school (SMA and Islamic senior high school or Madrasah Aliyah (MA. The packages chosen to be analyzed were package number: 12, 25, 39, 46 and 54. The data was analyzed by two-factor ANOVA for its 11 Differential Item Function (DIF and 29 non Differential Item Function (non-DIF items. The items used for this study are the items that fit the three-parameter logistic model. This study found that no difference between the scores on both the DIF and non-DIF items in either for SMA or Ma is found.

TGF-beta Sma/Mab signaling mutations uncouple reproductive aging from somatic aging.

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Shijing Luo

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Female reproductive cessation is one of the earliest age-related declines humans experience, occurring in mid-adulthood. Similarly, Caenorhabditis elegans' reproductive span is short relative to its total life span, with reproduction ceasing about a third into its 15-20 day adulthood. All of the known mutations and treatments that extend C. elegans' reproductive period also regulate longevity, suggesting that reproductive span is normally linked to life span. C. elegans has two canonical TGF-beta signaling pathways. We recently found that the TGF-beta Dauer pathway regulates longevity through the Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS pathway; here we show that this pathway has a moderate effect on reproductive span. By contrast, TGF-beta Sma/Mab signaling mutants exhibit a substantially extended reproductive period, more than doubling reproductive span in some cases. Sma/Mab mutations extend reproductive span disproportionately to life span and act independently of known regulators of somatic aging, such as Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling and Dietary Restriction. This is the first discovery of a pathway that regulates reproductive span independently of longevity and the first identification of the TGF-beta Sma/Mab pathway as a regulator of reproductive aging. Our results suggest that longevity and reproductive span regulation can be uncoupled, although they appear to normally be linked through regulatory pathways.

Experimental multiphysical characterization of an SMA driven, camber morphing owl wing section

Science.gov (United States)

Stroud, Hannah R.; Leal, Pedro B. C.; Hartl, Darren J.

2018-03-01

In the context of aerospace engineering, morphing structures are useful in their ability to change the outer mold line (OML) while improving or maintaining certain aerodynamic performance metrics. Skin-based morphing is of particular interest in that it minimizes installation volume. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have a high force to volume ratio that makes them a suitable choice for skin-based morphing. Because the thermomechanical properties of SMAs are coupled, strain can be generated via a temperature variation; this phenomenon is used as the actuation method. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the interaction of the system not only with aerodynamic loads, but with thermal loads as well. This paper describes the wind tunnel testing and in situ thermomechanical analysis of an SMA actuated, avian inspired morphing wing. The morphing wing is embedded with two SMA composite actuators and consists of a foam core enveloped in a fiberglass-epoxy composite. As the SMA wire is heated, the actuator contracts, morphing the wing from the original owl OML to a highly cambered, high lift OML. Configuration characteristics are analyzed in situ using simultaneous three dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) and infrared thermography, thereby coupling strain and thermal measurements. This method of testing allows for the nonintrusive, multiphysical data acquisition of each actuator separately and the system as a whole.

Contribution to the study of the reduction of sulfate by the yolk sac of the chicken embryo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bourgeois, Claude

1958-11-01

This academic reports addresses additional information obtained about the reduction of sulfate into sulphite by the yolk sac of a chicken embryo. Two important difficulties have been faced: the impossibility to isolate this reduction from reactions which immediately use the formed sulphite, and the impossibility to obtain an acellular preparation able to reduce the sulfate. Then, the problem of reduction of sulfate into sulphite by the yolk sac is associated with the problem of permeability of yolk sac cells to the studied substances. Thus, the author studied whether other animal species could provide a better material than the chicken embryo for this study of sulfate reduction. It appears that some vertebrate embryos present some evidence of sulphur metabolism similar to that of chicken embryo. However, this last one revealed to be the most favourable for the study. The author reports the study of the evolution of the reduction activity of the yolk sac sulfate with respect to the embryo age, and the effect of some metabolic inhibitors on this activity [fr

Distal regeneration involves the age dependent activity of branchial sac stem cells in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Abstract Tunicates have high capacities for regeneration but the underlying mechanisms and their relationship to life cycle progression are not well understood. Here we investigate the regeneration of distal structures in the ascidian tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Analysis of regenerative potential along the proximal−distal body axis indicated that distal organs, such as the siphons, their pigmented sensory organs, and the neural complex, could only be replaced from body fragments containing the branchial sac. Distal regeneration involves the formation of a blastema composed of cells that undergo cell proliferation prior to differentiation and cells that differentiate without cell proliferation. Both cell types originate in the branchial sac and appear in the blastema at different times after distal injury. Whereas the branchial sac stem cells are present in young animals, they are depleted in old animals that have lost their regeneration capacity. Thus Ciona adults contain a population of age‐related stem cells located in the branchial sac that are a source of precursors for distal body regeneration. PMID:25893097

Characteristics of indomethacin-saccharin (IMC-SAC) co-crystals prepared by an anti-solvent crystallization process.

Science.gov (United States)

Chun, Nan-Hee; Wang, In-Chun; Lee, Min-Jeong; Jung, Yun-Taek; Lee, Sangkil; Kim, Woo-Sik; Choi, Guang J

2013-11-01

The creation of co-crystals of various insoluble drug substances has been extensively investigated as a promising approach to improve their pharmaceutical performance. In this study, co-crystal powders of indomethacin and saccharin (IMC-SAC) were prepared by an anti-solvent (water) addition and compared with co-crystals by evaporation method. No successful synthesis of a pharmaceutical co-crystal powder via an anti-solvent approach has been reported. Among solvents examined, methanol was practically the only one that resulted in the formation of highly pure IMC-SAC co-crystal powders by anti-solvent approach. The mechanism of a preferential formation of IMC-SAC co-crystal to IMC was explained with two aspects: phase solubility diagram and solution complexation concept. Accordingly, the anti-solvent approach can be considered as a competitive route for producing pharmaceutical co-crystal powders with acceptable properties. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lacrimal sac lymphoproliferative lesion: case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Coloma-González, I; Ruíz-García, L; Ceriotto, A; Corredor-Casas, S; Salcedo-Casillas, G

2015-03-01

The case is presented of a 51 year-old woman with a firm mass at the medial canthus of the right eye of five years onset. A low-grade lymphoproliferative lesion (reactive lymphoid hyperplasia) was diagnosed from an excisional biopsy Lacrimal sac tumors are rare, with a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life. The initial clinical features are epiphora and medial canthus swelling. As it mimics nasolacrimal duct obstruction, up to 40% of these tumors are misdiagnosed until undergoing surgery. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

MEDIA FOTO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DESKRIPSI SISWA SMA NEGERI 2 KEBUMEN

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Rina Tri Indrianingrum

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan meningkatnya keterampilan menulis deskripsi berbahasa Jawa siswa kelas X SMA N 2 Kebumen dengan menggunakan pendekatan proses dan media foto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas atau classroom action research. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian tindakan Kemmis dan Taggart. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X2 SMA Negeri 2 Kebumen tahun pelajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi, catatan lapangan dan tes. Validitas yang digunakan adalah validitas demo-krasi, validitas proses dan validitas dialogis. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data dalam penelitian tindakan ini adalah deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1 siswa dapat menemukan ide lebih cepat, (2 siswa dapat membuat kerangka karangan, (3 siswa dapat mengembangkan kerang-ka karangan, (4 siswa dapat berpikir sistematis, (5 siswa semakin antusiasnya dalam mengikuti pembelajaran menulis karangan, (6 siswa paham melakukan proses mengarang. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PHOTOGRAPH MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE DESCRIPTION WRITING SKILL OF THE STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 2 KEBUMEN   Abstract This research is aimed to describe and to explain the improvement in the description writing skill of the tenth grade students at SMA N 2 Kebumen by using  approach process and photography media. This research is classroom action research or classroom action research. The design used in this research was action research design by Kemmis and Taggart. The subject of the research was X2 class students at SMA Negeri 2 Kebumen in the academic year of 2011/2012, consisted of 32

Experimental study on tunnel lining joints temporarily strengthened by SMA bolts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, Bo; Ou, Yunlong

2014-01-01

Shield tunnels have been widely used in city metros all over the world. During the long-term period of the metro operation, the joints of shield tunnel’s neighboring segments may degrade due to some environmental factors, leading to the increasing of the joint opening and some resulting adverse consequences. In this paper, a temporary strengthening method by using shape memory alloy (SMA) bolts is proposed and experimentally studied for the joints of neighboring segments, and a revised electric heating method which suits with the strengthening method is presented and experimentally validated for the SMA bolts. The purpose of the proposed temporary strengthening method is to create favorable conditions for the following permanent strengthening. Test results show that: (a) for the joints of shield tunnel’s neighboring segments, the strengthening method can effectively reduce the joint opening, joint deflection, concrete strain in joint’s compression zone, and strain of joint’s steel bolts; (b) the revised electric heating method can be used to heat the SMA rod to a temperature higher than the SMA’s austenite finish temperature quickly, and the average heating rate related to Type 2 inner resistance element is larger than that related to Type 1 inner resistance element; and (c) the reduction percentages of the joint opening increment, joint deflection, concrete strain in joint’s compression zone, and strain of joint’s steel bolts for Specimen I are all larger than those for Specimen II, implying that the less the joint opening is, the more significant the strengthening effect is. (paper)

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA SMA

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Irwandi -

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Contextual Teaching and Learning and Biology Learning Achievement among Senior High School Students. This quasi experimental study was designed to explain the effects of inquiry learning of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL, learning community of CTL, and entry behavior on Biology learning achievement of senior high school students of Bengkulu. The subjects were randomly selected from year-10 classes of eight schools and assigned to eight experimental classes. The study shows that: (1 the inquiry learning of CTL has no effect on the students’ cognitive learning achievement; (2 the learning community, particularly the extended one, of CTL  contributes to the students’ cognitive learning achievement; and (3 the students’ entry behavior did not affect their cognitive learning achievement when the students learned through inquiry process of CTL. Abstrak: Pengaruh Pendekatan Kontekstual terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa SMA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1 pengaruh pendekatan kontekstual melalui strategi inkuiri terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa; 2 pengaruh pendekatan kontekstual melalui masyarakat belajar terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa; dan 3 pengaruh kemampuan awal siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitifnya, pada pembela­jaran kontekstual melalui strategi inkuiri tingkat 1 dan 2. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap siswa-siswa pada pembelajaran biologi di 8 buah kelas X, masing-masing dari salah satu SMAN Bengkulu yang dipilih secara random. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuasi eksperimen Pretest-posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design dengan rancangan penelitian faktorial 2 x 2 x 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1 pendekatan kontekstual melalui strategi inkuiri, tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa di SMA 2 pendekatan kontekstual melalui masyarakat belajar berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa di SMA di mana hasil belajar kognitif melalui masyarakat belajar

Design, fabrication, and testing of a SMA hybrid composite jet engine chevron

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, Travis L.; Cabell, Randolph H.; Cano, Roberto J.; Fleming, Gary A.

2006-01-01

Control of jet noise continues to be an important research topic. Exhaust nozzle chevrons have been shown to reduce jet noise, but parametric effects are not well understood. Additionally, thrust loss due to chevrons at cruise suggests significant benefit from deployable chevrons. The focus of this study is development of an active chevron concept for the primary purpose of parametric studies for jet noise reduction in the laboratory and technology development to leverage for full scale systems. The active chevron concept employed in this work consists of a laminated composite structure with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, termed a SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC). The actuators are embedded on one side of the middle surface such that thermal excitation generates a moment and deflects the structure. A brief description of the chevron design is given followed by details of the fabrication approach. Results from bench top tests are presented and correlated with numerical predictions from a model for such structures that was recently implemented in MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS. Excellent performance and agreement with predictions is demonstrated. Results from tests in a representative flow environment are also presented. Excellent performance is again achieved for both open- and closed-loop tests, the latter demonstrating control to a specified immersion into the flow. The actuation authority and immersion performance is shown to be relatively insensitive to nozzle pressure ratio (NPR). Very repeatable immersion control with modest power requirements is demonstrated.

Total column water vapor estimation over land using radiometer data from SAC-D/Aquarius

Science.gov (United States)

Epeloa, Javier; Meza, Amalia

2018-02-01

The aim of this study is retrieving atmospheric total column water vapor (CWV) over land surfaces using a microwave radiometer (MWR) onboard the Scientific Argentine Satellite (SAC-D/Aquarius). To research this goal, a statistical algorithm is used for the purpose of filtering the study region according to the climate type. A log-linear relationship between the brightness temperatures of the MWR and CWV obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements was used. In this statistical algorithm, the retrieved CWV is derived from the Argentinian radiometer's brightness temperature which works at 23.8 GHz and 36.5 GHz, and taking into account CWVs observed from GNSS stations belonging to a region sharing the same climate type. We support this idea, having found a systematic effect when applying the algorithm; it was generated for one region using the previously mentioned criteria, however, it should be applied to additional regions, especially those with other climate types. The region we analyzed is in the Southeastern United States of America, where the climate type is Cfa (Köppen - Geiger classification); this climate type includes moist subtropical mid-latitude climates, with hot, muggy summers and frequent thunderstorms. However, MWR only contains measurements taken from over ocean surfaces; therefore the determination of water vapor over land is an important contribution to extend the use of the SAC-D/Aquarius radiometer measurements beyond the ocean surface. The CWVs computed by our algorithm are compared against radiosonde CWV observations and show a bias of about -0.6 mm, a root mean square (rms) of about 6 mm and a correlation of 0.89.

Acquisition through Horizontal Gene Transfer of Plasmid pSMA198 by Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198 Points towards the Dairy Origin of the Species

Science.gov (United States)

Papadimitriou, Konstantinos; Anastasiou, Rania; Maistrou, Eleni; Plakas, Thomas; Papandreou, Nikos C.; Hamodrakas, Stavros J.; Ferreira, Stéphanie; Supply, Philip; Renault, Pierre; Pot, Bruno; Tsakalidou, Effie

2015-01-01

Background Streptococcus macedonicus is an intriguing streptococcal species whose most frequent source of isolation is fermented foods similarly to Streptococcus thermophilus. However, S. macedonicus is closely related to commensal opportunistic pathogens of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed the pSMA198 plasmid isolated from the dairy strain Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198 in order to provide novel clues about the main ecological niche of this bacterium. pSMA198 belongs to the narrow host range pCI305/pWV02 family found primarily in lactococci and to the best of our knowledge it is the first such plasmid to be reported in streptococci. Comparative analysis of the pSMA198 sequence revealed a high degree of similarity with plasmids isolated from Lactococcus lactis strains deriving from milk or its products. Phylogenetic analysis of the pSMA198 Rep showed that the vast majority of closely related proteins derive from lactococcal dairy isolates. Additionally, cloning of the pSMA198 ori in L. lactis revealed a 100% stability of replication over 100 generations. Both pSMA198 and the chromosome of S. macedonicus exhibit a high percentage of potential pseudogenes, indicating that they have co-evolved under the same gene decay processes. We identified chromosomal regions in S. macedonicus that may have originated from pSMA198, also supporting a long co-existence of the two replicons. pSMA198 was also found in divergent biotypes of S. macedonicus and in strains isolated from dispersed geographic locations (e.g. Greece and Switzerland) showing that pSMA198’s acquisition is not a recent event. Conclusions/Significance Here we propose that S. macedonicus acquired plasmid pSMA198 from L. lactis via an ancestral genetic exchange event that took place most probably in milk or dairy products. We provide important evidence that point towards the dairy origin of this species. PMID:25584532

Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness

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Nuha Salim Mashaan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect tensile test, dynamic creep (repeated load creep, and fatigue test (indirect tensile fatigue test at temperature of 25°C. The indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (200, 300, and 400 kPa. Experimental results indicate that CRM-reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue life compared to the mixtures without CRM. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the fatigue life and resilient modulus as compared to permanent strain; thus resilient modulus might be a more reliable indicator in evaluating the fatigue life of asphalt mixture.

Evaluation of fatigue life of CRM-reinforced SMA and its relationship to dynamic stiffness.

Science.gov (United States)

Mashaan, Nuha Salim; Karim, Mohamed Rehan; Abdel Aziz, Mahrez; Ibrahim, Mohd Rasdan; Katman, Herda Yati; Koting, Suhana

2014-01-01

Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect tensile test), dynamic creep (repeated load creep), and fatigue test (indirect tensile fatigue test) at temperature of 25°C. The indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (200, 300, and 400 kPa). Experimental results indicate that CRM-reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue life compared to the mixtures without CRM. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the fatigue life and resilient modulus as compared to permanent strain; thus resilient modulus might be a more reliable indicator in evaluating the fatigue life of asphalt mixture.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DAN GURU PADA SMA SARIBUANA MAKASSAR

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Novita _

2017-08-01

Full Text Available NOVITA. 2017.Essay . The Influence of Human Resource Competency on Employee and Teacher Performance at SMA SARIBUANA Makassar South Sulawesi Province.Guided by Indrayani Nur, S. Pd SE., M.Si. An employee is an individual who works for an employer, by contract or agreement whether in writing or in writing, to carry out a job or occupation in a particular activity by obtaining compensation paid under a specified period. This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource competencies on the performance of employees and teachers in SMA SARIBUANA Makassar. Analyzer used is multiple linear regression. Respondents of this research are employees and teachers of SMA Saribuana Makassar. The results of the analysis show that knowledge, mastery of science of technology and motivation affect the improvement of employee and teacher performance From the ANOVA or F test, the significant number (Sig (0,000 is below 0.05 and the Fcount is 19.614 where the Fcount is greater than the Ftable of 3.35. Thus, Fcount > Ftable then this result indicates that the independent variable (knowledge, mastery of technology science, motivation influence together to the dependent variable (employee and teacher performance.

PreSMA stimulation changes task-free functional connectivity in the fronto-basal-ganglia that correlates with response inhibition efficiency.

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Xu, Benjamin; Sandrini, Marco; Wang, Wen-Tung; Smith, Jason F; Sarlls, Joelle E; Awosika, Oluwole; Butman, John A; Horwitz, Barry; Cohen, Leonardo G

2016-09-01

Previous work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) demonstrated that the right presupplementary motor area (preSMA), a node in the fronto-basal-ganglia network, is critical for response inhibition. However, TMS influences interconnected regions, raising the possibility of a link between the preSMA activity and the functional connectivity within the network. To understand this relationship, we applied single-pulse TMS to the right preSMA during functional magnetic resonance imaging when the subjects were at rest to examine changes in neural activity and functional connectivity within the network in relation to the efficiency of response inhibition evaluated with a stop-signal task. The results showed that preSMA-TMS increased activation in the right inferior-frontal cortex (rIFC) and basal ganglia and modulated their task-free functional connectivity. Both the TMS-induced changes in the basal-ganglia activation and the functional connectivity between rIFC and left striatum, and of the overall network correlated with the efficiency of response inhibition and with the white-matter microstructure along the preSMA-rIFC pathway. These results suggest that the task-free functional and structural connectivity between the rIFCop and basal ganglia are critical to the efficiency of response inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3236-3249, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA SMA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN OPEN ENDED PADA MATERI SPLDV

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Firdaus Firdaus

2016-02-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa SMA melalui pembelajaran open ended problem materi SPLDV. Jenis penelitian ini, yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Subjeknya adalah siswa kelas X.2 SMA Negeri 1 Woja Dompu. Tahap pembelajaran dalam penelitian ini adalah (1 Orientasi, (2 pembekalan materi, (3 penyajian dan pengerjaan soal open ended, (4 presentasi, (5 kesimpulan. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa meliputi: (a fluency, kemampuan siswa lancar dalam memberikan jawaban benar, (b flexibility, kemampuan siswa dalam menggunakan berbagai cara penyelesaian masalah, (c novelty, kemampuan siswa dalam memberikan jawaban yang baru dan berbeda dengan siswa lain. Penelitian ini hasilnya, bahwa siswa mempunyai kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis.

Determination of the inferior border of the thecal sac using magnetic resonance imaging: implications on radiation therapy treatment planning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scharf, Carole B.; Paulino, Arnold C.; Goldberg, Kenneth N.

1998-01-01

Purpose: To determine whether the traditional teaching of placing the caudal border of the spinal field at the S2-S3 interspace in children receiving craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is appropriate. Methods and Materials: Twenty-three children had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine with gadolinium prior to craniospinal irradiation at one institution. Thecal sac termination using MRI was determined by drawing a perpendicular line from the point of convergence of dural margins to the corresponding vertebral body. Results: Location of thecal sac termination varied from mid-S1 to low S3 vertebral body, with the most frequent site at the upper S2 vertebral level. Only 2 of 23 (8.7%) children had thecal sac terminations below the S2-S3 interspace. For the nine patients with neuraxis disease, none had thecal sac terminations below the S2-S3 interspace. In seven of the nine patients who had neuraxis seeding at initial presentation, MRI of the spine after CSI was performed and showed that thecal sac termination was lower after radiation therapy in two children, higher in one, and the same in four. Conclusions: In 2 of 23 children (8.7%), placement of the inferior border at the bottom of the S2 vertebral body would have missed the entire thecal sac. Treatment to the entire neuraxis with adequate coverage of distal spinal theca can be achieved by using MRI. Individualized spinal fields using the MRI may help minimize radiation scatter to the gonads while adequately covering the target volume

Modeling size effects on the transformation behavior of shape memory alloy micropillars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernandez, Edwin A Peraza; Lagoudas, Dimitris C

2015-01-01

The size dependence of the thermomechanical response of shape memory alloys (SMAs) at the micro and nano-scales has gained increasing attention in the engineering community due to existing and potential uses of SMAs as solid-state actuators and components for energy dissipation in small scale devices. Particularly, their recent uses in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have made SMAs attractive options as active materials in small scale devices. One factor limiting further application, however, is the inability to effectively and efficiently model the observed size dependence of the SMA behavior for engineering applications. Therefore, in this work, a constitutive model for the size-dependent behavior of SMAs is proposed. Experimental observations are used to motivate the extension of an existing thermomechanical constitutive model for SMAs to account for the scale effects. It is proposed that such effects can be captured via characteristic length dependent material parameters in a power-law manner. The size dependence of the transformation behavior of NiFeGa micropillars is investigated in detail and used as model prediction cases. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite element framework and used to simulate and predict the response of SMA micropillars with different sizes. The results show a good agreement with experimental data. A parametric study performed using the calibrated model shows that the influence of micropillar aspect ratio and taper angle on the compression response is significantly smaller than that of the micropillar average diameter. It is concluded that the model is able to capture the size dependent transformation response of the SMA micropillars. In addition, the simplicity of the calibration and implementation of the proposed model make it practical for the design and numerical analysis of small scale SMA components that exhibit size dependent responses. (paper)

An object-oriented model for ex ante accounting information

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verdaasdonk, P.J.A.

2003-01-01

Present accounting data models such as the Research-Event-Agent (REA) model merely focus on the modeling of static accounting phenomena. In this paper, it is argued that these models are not able to provide relevant ex ante accounting data for operations management decisions. These decisions require

Development of SAC-OCDMA in FSO with multi-wavelength laser source

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Moghaddasi, Majid; Mamdoohi, Ghazaleh; Muhammad Noor, Ahmad Shukri; Mahdi, Mohd Adzir; Ahmad Anas, Siti Barirah

2015-12-01

We propose and demonstrate a free space optical network, based on spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) with a multi-wavelength laser source. A detailed theoretical analysis that represents the characteristics of SAC-OCDMA system was developed. In addition to the impact of turbulence, influences of several system noises such as optical beat interference (OBI), relative intensity noise, and receiver noises, have been studied. From the numerical results, it was found that the influence of OBI is more dominant, especially at higher received power. Two different codes, namely, modified quadratic congruence and modified double weight, are then compared with the latter which provides better performance. A transmission distance of 2.6 km with 10 users and an 8 cm aperture diameter is advisable whenever the turbulence is moderate. These results can be improved when a beam divergence smaller than 1 mrad is utilized.

PERAN GURU PENJASORKES DALAM MENGATASI KENAKALAN SISWA (STUDI KASUS DI SMA NEGERI SE-KABUPATEN KENDAL TAHUN 2013

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Irkham Kharisma

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study to determine, describe, and analyze the role of teachers in addressing student misbehavior penjasorkes Public High School students in Kendal. This study used qualitative methods, the location of the research conducted in SMA se-Kendal. Research subjects in this study were penjasorkes teacher, principal, BK teachers and students. Data collected by using observation, interviews and documentation. The validity of using triangulation source. Data analysis using descriptive analysis model according to Miles and Huberman. Based on the results of research conducted and has been linked with the theory Suparwoto, et al. It can be concluded that the role of teachers penjasorkes (1 in terms of preventive prevent student misbehavior is good. (2 is good in terms of repression. (3 in terms of curative and rehabilitation are good. The conclusions that can be drawn from this research is the teacher's role in addressing delinquency penjasorkes students in SMA se-Kendal has been running both in terms of preventive, repressive and curative or rehabilitation.

A new two-code keying scheme for SAC-OCDMA systems enabling bipolar encoding

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Khafaji, Hamza M. R.; Ngah, Razali; Aljunid, S. A.; Rahman, T. A.

2015-03-01

In this paper, we propose a new two-code keying scheme for enabling bipolar encoding in a high-rate spectral-amplitude coding optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system. The mathematical formulations are derived for the signal-to-noise ratio and bit-error rate (BER) of SAC-OCDMA system based on the suggested scheme using multi-diagonal (MD) code. Performance analyses are assessed considering the effects of phase-induced intensity noise, as well as shot and thermal noises in photodetectors. The numerical results demonstrated that the proposed scheme exhibits an enhanced BER performance compared to the existing unipolar encoding with direct detection technique. Furthermore, the performance improvement afforded by this scheme is verified using simulation experiments.

Fine structures of the ejaculatory sac and sperm pump of the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua (Mecoptera: Panorpidae).

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Jian; Hua, Baozhen

2013-08-01

Male adults of Panorpidae possess a special sperm pump, through which the males transfer liquid sperm to the females. However, the structures of the sperm pump and the transfer mechanism have not been satisfactorily elucidated hitherto. In this paper the structures of the ejaculatory sac and sperm pump of the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ejaculatory sac is located between the basal end of the paired vasa deferentia and the aedeagus, comprising a small anterior part and a large posterior part. The anterior part is simple and functions only as a channel for sperm transfer. The epithelial cells of the large posterior part likely have secretory functions. The sperm pump is formed by the posterior region of the ejaculatory sac and derivates of the genital field, which enclose the pumping chamber, a piston and the associated muscles. The orifice of the ejaculatory duct lies ventrad of the piston. The piston of the sperm pump is heavily sclerotized and controlled by two antagonistic muscle pairs. A pair of simple tubular accessory glands opens to the pumping chamber. Two well-developed sex pheromone glands are located on the ventral side of the ejaculatory sac, and are composed of two fan-shaped lamellae. The epithelium of the sex pheromone glands is single-layered, and forms densely filamentous processes. The ejaculation mechanism is briefly discussed based on the morphology of ejaculatory sac and sperm pump. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PENGARUH DARI NEPTUNE KRILL OIL PADA MANAJEMEN DISMINOREA PADA REMAJA PUTRI KELAS X DI SMA NEGERI 1 PRINGSEWU

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Indri Retno Palupi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Hasil survei Perkumpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia (PKBI cabang Bandar Lampung tahun 2014, dismenorhea  menempati urutan pertama keluhan yang sering dialami wanita, sebesar 65,3% selain siklus menstruasi yang tidak teratur. Prevalensi dismenorhea  lebih tinggi pada kelompok usia remaja 10-20 tahun sebesar 71,4%. Tujuan penelitian ini diketahui pengaruh dari neptune krill oil  pada manajemen disminorea pada remaja putri kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Pringsewu tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan desain  eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan one group pre and post test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja putri kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Pringsewu yang berjumlah 193 orang, sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik accidental. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini univariat dan bivariat dengan uji t-test.Tingkat nyeri dismenorhea  sebelum diberi Neptune krill oil  pada siswi kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Pringsewu memiliki rata-rata tingkatan nyeri yaitu 8,190 (pada skala 1-15, Tingkat nyeri dismenorhea  setelah diberi Neptune krill oil  pada siswi kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Pringsewu memiliki Rata-rata tingkat nyeri yaitu 4,747 (pada skala 1-15. Ada pengaruh pemberian Neptune krill oil  terhadap intensitas nyeri dismenorhea  pada siswi kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Pringsewu Tahun 2016 (p-value=0,000. Diharapkan remaja putri dapat mengetahui bahwa salah satu cara untuk mengurangi nyeri dismenorhea  adalah dengan mengkonsumsi Neptune krill oil. Sehingga remaja putri dapat menerapkannya dirumah saat mengalami dismenorhea.

DMFCA Model as a Possible Way to Detect Creative Accounting and Accounting Fraud in an Enterprise

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Jindřiška Kouřilová

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The quality of reported accounting data as well as the quality and behaviour of their users influence the efficiency of an enterprise’s management. Its assessment could therefore be changed as well. To identify creative accounting and fraud, several methods and tools were used. In this paper we would like to present our proposal of the DMFCA (Detection model Material Flow Cost Accounting balance model based on environmental accounting and the MFCA (Material Flow Cost Accounting as its method. The following balance areas are included: material, financial and legislative. Using the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the model, its possible use within a production and business company were assessed. Its possible usage to the detection of some creative accounting techniques was also assessed. The Model is developed in details for practical use and describing theoretical aspects.

A Novel Technique to Detect Code for SAC-OCDMA System

Science.gov (United States)

Bharti, Manisha; Kumar, Manoj; Sharma, Ajay K.

2018-04-01

The main task of optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system is the detection of code used by a user in presence of multiple access interference (MAI). In this paper, new method of detection known as XOR subtraction detection for spectral amplitude coding OCDMA (SAC-OCDMA) based on double weight codes has been proposed and presented. As MAI is the main source of performance deterioration in OCDMA system, therefore, SAC technique is used in this paper to eliminate the effect of MAI up to a large extent. A comparative analysis is then made between the proposed scheme and other conventional detection schemes used like complimentary subtraction detection, AND subtraction detection and NAND subtraction detection. The system performance is characterized by Q-factor, BER and received optical power (ROP) with respect to input laser power and fiber length. The theoretical and simulation investigations reveal that the proposed detection technique provides better quality factor, security and received power in comparison to other conventional techniques. The wide opening of eye in case of proposed technique also proves its robustness.

Improved Assimilation of Streamflow and Satellite Soil Moisture with the Evolutionary Particle Filter and Geostatistical Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Hongxiang; Moradkhani, Hamid; Abbaszadeh, Peyman

2017-04-01

Assimilation of satellite soil moisture and streamflow data into hydrologic models using has received increasing attention over the past few years. Currently, these observations are increasingly used to improve the model streamflow and soil moisture predictions. However, the performance of this land data assimilation (DA) system still suffers from two limitations: 1) satellite data scarcity and quality; and 2) particle weight degeneration. In order to overcome these two limitations, we propose two possible solutions in this study. First, the general Gaussian geostatistical approach is proposed to overcome the limitation in the space/time resolution of satellite soil moisture products thus improving their accuracy at uncovered/biased grid cells. Secondly, an evolutionary PF approach based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the so-called EPF-MCMC, is developed to further reduce weight degeneration and improve the robustness of the land DA system. This study provides a detailed analysis of the joint and separate assimilation of streamflow and satellite soil moisture into a distributed Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model, with the use of recently developed EPF-MCMC and the general Gaussian geostatistical approach. Performance is assessed over several basins in the USA selected from Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) and located in different climate regions. The results indicate that: 1) the general Gaussian approach can predict the soil moisture at uncovered grid cells within the expected satellite data quality threshold; 2) assimilation of satellite soil moisture inferred from the general Gaussian model can significantly improve the soil moisture predictions; and 3) in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic measures, the EPF-MCMC can achieve better streamflow predictions. These results recommend that the geostatistical model is a helpful tool to aid the remote sensing technique and the EPF-MCMC is a

Lesser sac hematoma as a sign of rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iwasaki, Yoshie; Tani, Ichiro; Nakajima, Yasuo; Ishikawa, Tohru; Umeda, Satoshi; Kusano, Shoichi

2001-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT findings of rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the caudate lobe of the liver. The CT scans of five cases of rupture of HCC in the caudate lobe of the liver were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with clinical records. All cases showed exophytic tumors in the caudate lobe of the liver and high-attenuation hematomas in the lesser sac on CT. A lesser sac hematoma may be a sentinel clot sign of rupture of HCC in the caudate lobe. (orig.)

Acoustic communication in the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) an examination into vocal sacs, sound propagation, and signal directionality

Science.gov (United States)

Dantzker, Marc Steven

The thesis is an inquiry into the acoustic communication of a very unusual avian species, the Greater Sage-Grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus. One of the most outstanding features of this animal's dynamic mating display is its use of paired air sacs that emerge explosively from an esophageal pouch. My first line of inquiry into this system is a review of the form and function of similar vocal apparatuses, collectively called vocal sacs, in birds. Next, with a combination of mathematical models and field measurements, My collaborator and I investigate the acoustic environment where the Greater Sage-Grouse display. The complexities of this acoustic environment are relevant both to the birds and to the subsequent examinations of the display's properties. Finally, my collaborators and I examine a cryptic component of the acoustic display --- directionality --- which we measured simultaneously from multiple locations around free moving grouse on their mating grounds.

Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the endolymphatic sac in patients with sudden hearing loss

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naganawa, Shinji; Koshikawa, Tokiko; Fukatsu, Hiroshi; Ishigaki, Takeo; Nakashima, Tsutomu; Ichinose, Nobuyasu

2002-01-01

Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of contrast enhancement of the endolymphatic sac in patients with sudden hearing loss. Forty consecutive patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (20 males and 20 females; age range 11-82 years), 40 age-matched control subjects, and 5 patients with Meniere's disease were examined using the same imaging protocol on a 1.5-T MR system. Pre- and post-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence (3D SPGR; TR/TE=23/10 ms, no. of excitations=1, flip angle=30 ) images were obtained using a voxel size of 0.6 x 0.7 x 0.8 mm 3 . Contrast enhancement in the area of the endolymphatic sac was assessed by two radiologists, and the frequency of contrast enhancement was compared between the three study groups. Enhancement of the ipsilateral endolymphatic sac was observed in 30 of the 40 patients with sudden hearing loss (75%). Twenty of these 30 patients also showed enhancement on the contralateral side, and 1 patient showed enhancement only on the contralateral side. Only 1 of the 5 patients with Meniere's disease showed enhancement. Nine of the 40 control subjects (22.5%) showed enhancement (bilateral enhancement in 5 subjects, unilateral in 4). The frequency of enhancement in patients with sudden hearing loss was significantly higher than that in control subjects (P<0.0001) or patients with Meniere's disease (P<0.05). The frequency of contrast enhancement of the endolymphatic sac is significantly increased in patients with sudden hearing loss, but further study is necessary to clarify the relationship between this finding and the pathophysiology of sudden hearing loss. (orig.)

KESANTUNAN TUTURAN DIREKTIF DALAM INTERAKSI PEMBELAJARAN DI SMA

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Mardiyah Putri Astuti

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Politeness speech in learning interactions in the classroom tend to be effected through a directive speech. Assessment of form directive speech made by using a guide to the theory and analysis based on speech act theory directive Bach and Harnish. This study aims to determine the form of politeness directive in an interaction study in SMA 1 Batu. Forms directive speech in learning interactions are marked with (1 directive requests, (2 directive question, (3 directive command, (4 The prohibition directive, (5 directive licensing, and (6 the directive advice. The results of the analysis of the forms of speech directive shows that teachers do politeness predominantly through commands, prohibitions, permissions, and advice, while the shape of the directive utterances made by teachers and students to consider cultural aspects. Kesantunan tuturan dalam interaksi pembelajaran di dalam kelas cenderung dilakukan melalui bentuk tuturan direktif. Pengkajian terhadap bentuk tuturan direktif dilakukan dengan mengggunakan teori dan panduan analisis berdasarkan teori tindak tutur direktif Bach dan Harnish. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kesantunan direktif dalam interaksi pembelajaran di SMA 1 Batu. Bentuk tuturan direktif dalam interaksi pembelajaran ditandai dengan (1 direktif permintaan, (2 direktif pertanyaan, (3 direktif perintah, (4 direktif larangan, (5 direktif pemberian izin, dan (6 direktif nasihat. Hasil analisis mengenai bentuk tuturan direktif menunjukkan bahwa guru melakukan kesantunan secara dominan melalui perintah, larangan, izin, dan nasihat, sedangkan bentuk tuturan direktif dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa dengan mempertimbangkan aspek budaya.

Scaling structure loads for SMA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Dong Won; Song, Jeong Guk; Jeon, Sang Ho; Lim, Hak Kyu; Lee, Kwang Nam [KEPCO ENC, Yongin (Korea, Republic of)

2012-10-15

When the Seismic Margin Analysis(SMA) is conducted, the new structural load generation with Seismic Margin Earthquake(SME) is the time consuming work. For the convenience, EPRI NP 6041 suggests the scaling of the structure load. The report recommend that the fixed base(rock foundation) structure designed using either constant modal damping or modal damping ratios developed for a single material damping. For these cases, the SME loads can easily and accurately be calculated by scaling the spectral accelerations of the individual modes for the new SME response spectra. EPRI NP 6041 provides two simple methodologies for the scaling structure seismic loads which are the dominant frequency scaling methodology and the mode by mode scaling methodology. Scaling of the existing analysis to develop SME loads is much easier and more efficient than performing a new analysis. This paper is intended to compare the calculating results of two different methodologies.

Scaling structure loads for SMA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Dong Won; Song, Jeong Guk; Jeon, Sang Ho; Lim, Hak Kyu; Lee, Kwang Nam

2012-01-01

When the Seismic Margin Analysis(SMA) is conducted, the new structural load generation with Seismic Margin Earthquake(SME) is the time consuming work. For the convenience, EPRI NP 6041 suggests the scaling of the structure load. The report recommend that the fixed base(rock foundation) structure designed using either constant modal damping or modal damping ratios developed for a single material damping. For these cases, the SME loads can easily and accurately be calculated by scaling the spectral accelerations of the individual modes for the new SME response spectra. EPRI NP 6041 provides two simple methodologies for the scaling structure seismic loads which are the dominant frequency scaling methodology and the mode by mode scaling methodology. Scaling of the existing analysis to develop SME loads is much easier and more efficient than performing a new analysis. This paper is intended to compare the calculating results of two different methodologies

THE EFFORT TO IMPROVE TEACHERS’PERFORMANCE OF SMA TMI ROUDLATUL QUR’AN IN COMPOSING LESSON PLAN AND EVALUATION INSTRUMENT OF CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH WORKSHOP ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016

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Budi Raharjo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Difficulties found in Senior High School (SMA TMI Roudlatul Qur’an, teachers were not able to integrate character value into their lesson plan and to identify which behaviour must be success indicators of character education. Out of 18 Character value existed, the measurement of students’success as the better change of their behaviour, some only covering observation and lack of triangulation consideration to more accountable result. Worskhop potentially becomes one of the ways to up grade teachers’performance in determining the instrument of character value education, at the same time, train them the way composing lesson plan which integrates character education. This school action research was aimed to carry out workshop at SMA TMI Roudlatul Qur’an of Metro Municipal City, to improve teachers’performance in composing evaluation instrumen of value character education, to improve teachers’performance in composing integrated character value education.The research took place at SMA TMI Roudlatul Qur’an, located at Mulyojati, Metro Barat, Metro Municipal City. It was done in odd semester, continually to one month. Started in early Academic Year 2015/2016, July to August.The researcher concluded that teachers of SMA TMI Roudlatul Qur’an improved their performance well in composing evaluation instrument of value character education and integrated value character lesson plan through workshop. Facts: Workshop process was considered fair 11 teachers, good by 16 teachers, and very good by 12 teachers. At cycle II, the performance of composing evaluation instrument of character education showed 11 teachers were less sufficient performance, 16 teachers were good performance, and 12 teachers were very good. And the performance of composing integrated character value at cycle II showed 8 moderate teachers, 19 good teachers, and 12 excellent teachers. Key words: Workshop, Lesson Plan, Character Education Evaluation

Potentiation of motor sub-networks for motor control but not working memory: Interaction of dACC and SMA revealed by resting-state directed functional connectivity

Science.gov (United States)

Diwadkar, Vaibhav A.; Asemi, Avisa; Burgess, Ashley; Chowdury, Asadur; Bressler, Steven L.

2017-01-01

The dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) and the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) are known to interact during motor coordination behavior. We previously discovered that the directional influences underlying this interaction in a visuo-motor coordination task are asymmetric, with the dACC→SMA influence being significantly greater than that in the reverse direction. To assess the specificity of this effect, here we undertook an analysis of the interaction between dACC and SMA in two distinct contexts. In addition to the motor coordination task, we also assessed these effects during a (n-back) working memory task. We applied directed functional connectivity analysis to these two task paradigms, and also to the rest condition of each paradigm, in which rest blocks were interspersed with task blocks. We report here that the previously known asymmetric interaction between dACC and SMA, with dACC→SMA dominating, was significantly larger in the motor coordination task than the memory task. Moreover the asymmetry between dACC and SMA was reversed during the rest condition of the motor coordination task, but not of the working memory task. In sum, the dACC→SMA influence was significantly greater in the motor task than the memory task condition, and the SMA→dACC influence was significantly greater in the motor rest than the memory rest condition. We interpret these results as suggesting that the potentiation of motor sub-networks during the motor rest condition supports the motor control of SMA by dACC during the active motor task condition. PMID:28278267

Structural Equation Modelling with Three Schemes Estimation of Score Factors on Partial Least Square (Case Study: The Quality Of Education Level SMA/MA in Sumenep Regency)

Science.gov (United States)

Anekawati, Anik; Widjanarko Otok, Bambang; Purhadi; Sutikno

2017-06-01

Research in education often involves a latent variable. Statistical analysis technique that has the ability to analyze the pattern of relationship among latent variables as well as between latent variables and their indicators is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM partial least square (PLS) was developed as an alternative if these conditions are met: the theory that underlying the design of the model is weak, does not assume a certain scale measurement, the sample size should not be large and the data does not have the multivariate normal distribution. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of modeling of the educational quality in high school level (SMA/MA) in Sumenep Regency with structural equation modeling approach partial least square with three schemes estimation of score factors. This paper is a result of explanatory research using secondary data from Sumenep Education Department and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sumenep which was data of Sumenep in the Figures and the District of Sumenep in the Figures for the year 2015. The unit of observation in this study were districts in Sumenep that consists of 18 districts on the mainland and 9 districts in the islands. There were two endogenous variables and one exogenous variable. Endogenous variables are the quality of education level of SMA/MA (Y1) and school infrastructure (Y2), whereas exogenous variable is socio-economic condition (X1). In this study, There is one improved model which represented by model from path scheme because this model is a consistent, all of its indicators are valid and its the value of R-square increased which is: Y1=0.651Y2. In this model, the quality of education influenced only by the school infrastructure (0.651). The socio-economic condition did not affect neither the school infrastructure nor the quality of education. If the school infrastructure increased 1 point, then the quality of education increased 0.651 point. The quality of education had an R2 of 0

Fungi infection in honeybee hives in regions affected by Brazilian sac brood

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K.M. Keller

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The Brazilian Sac Brood is a disease that affects apiaries of Africanized bee hives in Brazil, thereby making them susceptible to high losses. This study investigated the pathogenicity of Africanized bee hives by the entomopathogenic fungi in a Brazilian Sac Brood endemic region. The degree of fungal contamination, presence of mycotoxins in beehive elements, and vulnerability of healthy beehives in environments subjected and not subjected to the disease were investigated. From the contaminating fungal load, species that are mycotoxin producers and pathogenic causing mortality in the bees have been isolated. The analysis of bee pollen and bee bread samples did not show the presence of the toxic pollen of Stryphnodendron (Fabaceae, which has been indicated as the causative agent of mortality in pre-pupal stage larvae. However, bee bread showed the highest correlation between substrate and fungal contamination.

MODEL ROLE PLAYING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SIKLUS AKUNTANSI PERUSAHAAN DAGANG

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Jarot Tri Tri Bowo Santoso

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Accounting lesson is considered as a difficult lesson by most students in SMK/SMA. It is even sometimes worse with the less ability of accounting teachers to select learning methods thatcan attract students’ attention and thought. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative learning which can help students to involve in the real situation which is fun and memorable. The learning model which can fulfill the fun situation is the role playing. The steps to implement this model in the learning of accounting cycle for trade firm are to divide students in groups and to give each of them an opportunity to play a role. In practice, each student changers the role weekly based on the order. The model makesstuents easier to understand the basic accounting and leads the teachers evaluate the materials if the lack of conformity occurs during the learning.

Studi Kasus Tentang Siswi yang Memiliki Konsep Diri Negatif pada Kelas X SMA Mujahidin Pontianak Tahun 2017

OpenAIRE

Ningsih, Dwi Purwanti

2017-01-01

This research entitled case study about student who have negative self concept in class X SMA Mujahidin Pontianak. Common problem in this research is how effort to help student having negatif self concept in class X SMA Mujahidin Pontianak? As for the sub-problems: 1) How are the characteristics of student who have negative self concept?, 2) What psychological factors that cause student to have negative self concept?, 3) What physiological factors that cause student to have a negative self co...

Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo sebagai Sekolah Berkategori The Outstanding School of Muhammadiyah

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Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This article examines about improving the education quality of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo as the Outstanding School of Muhammadiyah. This article reveals that the quality improvement of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo was conducted through: the arrangement of school program and self evaluation, the reinforcement of vision, mission and education objective, the reinforcement of leadership and teamwork, the improvement of teachers and educators competence, the improvement learners quality input, the development of curriculum and learning, the development of school culture, the development of facilities and infrastructure, the development of community service, the cooperation of education and student exchange, the mobilization of education funding resources, the develop-ment of SIM, monitoring and evaluation, and education quality system. The management quality of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo was run through input-process-output formula. The process of quality containes the process of quality planning, main process, supporting process, dan quality improvement process. Factors supporting the quality improvement are: Muhammadiyah’s popular name, the doctrine of education quality improvement, the leadership of TORSIE paradigm, the school academicians’ spirit of gaining achievement, the synergy of school academicians, the appropriate facilities, and the supports of all stakeholders.

Kondisi Stres Akademik Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Padang

OpenAIRE

Taufik Taufik; Ifdil Ifdil

2014-01-01

This research conduct base from increasing the National Examination standards from recent years, and overload student’s learning activity in Senior High School (SMA). These conditions as triggers stress students, from a long time, its influence on their learning. Based that, the research is to identify level of student academic stress, and differences base gender, and school location. This research use Cluster Random Sampling. Samples are grouped into 3 (three), that’s school is located in do...

Suitability of cerebrospinal fluid as a signal-intensity reference on MRI: evaluation of signal-intensity variations in the lumbosacral dural sac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luoma, E.K.; Luukkonen, R.; Riihimaeki, H.A.; Raininko, R.; Manninen, H.I.; Nummi, P.J.

1997-01-01

The suitability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lumbosacral dural sac as an internal signal-intensity reference was studied on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine using a surface coil and motion artefact suppression technique. A signal-intensity reference is needed when signal is compared between images, studies or subjects. Homogeneity of the CSF was estimated visually on T2-weighted images of 60 subjects at 1.5 T and of another 60 subjects at 0.1 T. Spines with a severely narrowed dural sac or marked scoliosis were excluded from the study to avoid partial volume effect. CSF was homogeneous in 82% and 73% of the examinations at 1.5 T and 0.1 T, respectively. The type and location of the local inhomogeneities did not relate to local narrowings of the dural sac. The signal intensity of CSF was measured in 108 examinations at 0.1 T after correcting the spatially-dependent signal-intensity nonuniformities with a phantom-based method. The signal-intensity difference between the CSF in the upper and lower lumbar dural sac was less than 10% in 73% of the examinations. The CSF in the lumbosacral dural sac can be a useful signal-intensity reference for estimation of the signal of the adjacent structures in patients without severe narrowing of the dural sac or marked scoliosis. It may contribute to assessing spinal disease processes. (orig.). With 1 fig., 3 tabs

Comparison of global optimization approaches for robust calibration of hydrologic model parameters

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, I. W.

2015-12-01

Robustness of the calibrated parameters of hydrologic models is necessary to provide a reliable prediction of future performance of watershed behavior under varying climate conditions. This study investigated calibration performances according to the length of calibration period, objective functions, hydrologic model structures and optimization methods. To do this, the combination of three global optimization methods (i.e. SCE-UA, Micro-GA, and DREAM) and four hydrologic models (i.e. SAC-SMA, GR4J, HBV, and PRMS) was tested with different calibration periods and objective functions. Our results showed that three global optimization methods provided close calibration performances under different calibration periods, objective functions, and hydrologic models. However, using the agreement of index, normalized root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency as the objective function showed better performance than using correlation coefficient and percent bias. Calibration performances according to different calibration periods from one year to seven years were hard to generalize because four hydrologic models have different levels of complexity and different years have different information content of hydrological observation. Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant (14AWMP-B082564-01) from Advanced Water Management Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government.

SMA foil-based elastocaloric cooling: from material behavior to device engineering

Science.gov (United States)

Bruederlin, F.; Ossmer, H.; Wendler, F.; Miyazaki, S.; Kohl, M.

2017-10-01

The elastocaloric effect associated with the stress-induced first order phase transformation in pseudoelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) films and foils is of special interest for cooling applications on a miniature scale enabling fast heat transfer and high cycling frequencies as well as tunable transformation temperatures. The focus is on TiNi-based materials having the potential to meet the various challenges associated with elastocaloric cooling including large adiabatic temperature change and ultra-low fatigue. The evolution of strain and temperature bands during tensile load cycling is investigated with respect to strain and strain-rate by in situ digital image correlation and infrared thermography with a spatial resolution in the order of 25 µm. Major design issues and challenges in fabrication of SMA film-based elastocaloric cooling devices are discussed including the efficiency of heat transfer as well as force recovery to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) on the system level. Advanced demonstrators show a temperature span of 13 °C after 30 s, while the COP of the overall device reaches almost 10% of Carnot efficiency.

Planeamiento estratégico de Ingeniería de Sistemas de Fluidos S.A.C.

OpenAIRE

Arana, Fernando; Iparraguirre, Miguel; Vásquez, Mariela

2015-01-01

La finalidad del presente trabajo de investigación es la elaboración de un plan estratégico para la empresa Ingeniería de Sistemas de Fluidos SAC para los siguientes tres años. Este plan se inicia analizando el entorno externo en el que se desempeña ISF SAC, tanto el entorno general como el entorno de la industria, de esta manera conocer las oportunidades y amenazas a las que se debe enfrentar la empresa. Una vez analizado el entorno externo, se realiza el análisis interno en el cual se evalú...

Contribution of the pre-SMA to the production of words and non-speech oral motor gestures, as revealed by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Science.gov (United States)

Tremblay, Pascale; Gracco, Vincent L

2009-05-01

An emerging theoretical perspective, largely based on neuroimaging studies, suggests that the pre-SMA is involved in planning cognitive aspects of motor behavior and language, such as linguistic and non-linguistic response selection. Neuroimaging studies, however, cannot indicate whether a brain region is equally important to all tasks in which it is activated. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the pre-SMA is an important component of response selection, using an interference technique. High frequency repetitive TMS (10 Hz) was used to interfere with the functioning of the pre-SMA during tasks requiring selection of words and oral gestures under different selection modes (forced, volitional) and attention levels (high attention, low attention). Results show that TMS applied to the pre-SMA interferes selectively with the volitional selection condition, resulting in longer RTs. The low- and high-attention forced selection conditions were unaffected by TMS, demonstrating that the pre-SMA is sensitive to selection mode but not attentional demands. TMS similarly affected the volitional selection of words and oral gestures, reflecting the response-independent nature of the pre-SMA contribution to response selection. The implications of these results are discussed.

Clinical analysis of endoscopic common canaliculus opening operation for lacrimal sac anastomotic occlusion

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Yang-Yang Xie

2016-01-01

Full Text Available AIM:To investigate the effect and safety of endoscopic common canaliculus opening operation for lacrimal sac anastomotic occlusion, in order to guide the clinical application.METHODS:Retrospective clinical study. Sixty-six patients(70 eyeswith lacrimal sac anastomotic occlusion were selected as the research subjects. All patients were treated by endoscopic common canaliculus opening operation. The post-operation follow-up lasted for 3～24mo. Subjective feelings of patients were recorded through the collection of clinical data, out-patient follow-up and telephone follow-up. The operation effect and complications were observed, as well as the effect of treatment on complications. Meanwhile, the data was analyzed for evaluating the clinical efficacy of endoscopic common canaliculus opening operation.RESULTS:Epiphora was disappeared or obviously improved in 68 eyes(97%, with lacrimal irrigating fluently and no obstacle. The post-operative complications included:51 eyes(73%with foreign body sensation in inner canthus, 22 eyes(31%with foreign body sensation in the nose occasionally, 4 eyes(6%with granulation tissue proliferation at the opening of common canaliculus, 16 eyes(23%with localized congestion of the bulbar conjunctiva, and 3 eyes(4%with lacrimal drainage tube out.CONCLUSION: Endoscopic common canaliculus opening operation can treat the lacrimal sac anastomotic occlusion. This operation is characterized by high success rate, less complications, safe and efficient, and it is worth clinical promotion.

Determination of the inferior border of the thecal sac using magnetic resonance imaging: implications on craniospinal irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scharf, Carole B.; Goldberg, Kenneth; Paulino, Arnold C.

1996-01-01

Purpose: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is employed in medulloblastoma and other intracranial malignancies that can seed the neuro axis. Care must be taken to adequately cover the entire craniospinal axis, including the distal thecal sac. The inferior border of the craniospinal field has traditionally been placed at the bottom of the S2 vertebra. The purpose of this study is to review the level of thecal sac termination in children undergoing CSI using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods and Materials: From (12(87)) to (10(95)), 22 children were treated with CSI at one institution. All underwent pre-treatment MRI of the spine with Gadolinium as part of their evaluation. The median age was 9 years (range, 31 months to 18 years), and there were 14 males and 8 females. The diagnosis was medulloblastoma in 14 patients, primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cerebrum in 3, germinoma in 2, pineoblastoma in 1, leptomeningeal gliomatosis in 1 and glioblastoma multiform in 1. All spinal MRIs were reviewed by both neuro radiologist and radiation oncologist to accurately determine the level of thecal sac termination which was obtained by drawing a horizontal line from the lower limit of the spinal theca to the corresponding adjacent vertebral body. Results: The thecal sac termination varied from mid S1 to lower S3. It was located at mid S1 in 1 patient, lower S1 in 3, S1-2 junction in 3, upper S2 in 5, mid S2 in 3, lower S2 in 3, S2-3 junction in 2, upper S3 in 1 and lower S3 in 1. Only (2(22)) patients (9%) had thecal sac terminations below the S2-3 junction. Eight patients had spinal axis involvement and their thecal sac terminations were all above the S2-3 junction. There was no correlation between the level of termination and age, gender or histology. Conclusions: The majority of patients (91%) will have termination of the thecal sac above S3, and therefore placement of the inferior border of the spinal field at the S2-3 junction with a 1 cm caudal margin will be

A three-dimensional constitutive model for shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Bo; Yoon, Sung-Ho; Leng, Jin-Song

2009-01-01

Shape memory alloy (SMA) has a wide variety of practical applications due to its unique super-elasticity and shape memory effect. It is of practical interest to establish a constitutive model which predicts its phase transformation and mechanical behaviors. In this paper, a new three-dimensional phase transformation equation, which predicts the phase transformation behaviors of SMA, is developed based on the results of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test. It overcomes both limitations: that Zhou's phase transformation equations fail to describe the phase transformation from twinned martensite to detwinned martensite of SMA and Brinson's phase transformation equation fails to express the influences of phase transformation peak temperatures on the phase transformation behaviors of SMA. A new three-dimensional constitutive equation, which predicts the mechanical behaviors associated with the super-elasticity and shape memory effect of SMA, is developed on the basis of thermodynamics and solid mechanics. Results of numerical simulations show that the new constitutive model, which includes the new phase transformation equation and constitutive equation, can predict the phase transformation and mechanical behaviors associated with the super-elasticity and shape memory effect of SMA precisely and comprehensively. It is proved that Brinson's constitutive model of SMA can be considered as one special case of the new constitutive model

EVALUASI STRATEGI BERSAING SMA KRISTEN 1 SALATIGA

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Eclesia Tehupeiory

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This study aims to evaluate the competitive strategies of SMA Kristen 1 Salatiga. The type of this study was a qualitative evaluation, through data collection by means of interviews, questionnaires, observation and documentation study. Data obtained and analyzed by an evaluation component based on Rumelt (2000 were consistency, consonance, advantage and feasibility. The results showed that: (1 Consistency evaluation of competitive strategy applied by SMA Kristen 1 Salatiga has shown consistency with the goals, values and policies of the school. (2 Consonance evaluation of competitive strategy has demonstrated suitability with the needs of society, while for competition with other schools, the school programs such as Peduli Kasih program, Sekolah Lima Hari, moving class, SMUQI Radio and multimedia extracurricular namely cinematography and photography are not appropriate. (3 Advantage evaluation of competitive strategy in the school programs such as Peduli Kasih, moving class, and Sekolah Lima Hari do not excel the resources, skills and superior positions. Other programs such as multimedia Extracurricular namely photography and cinematography is not superior to the superior position. Meanwhile, special programs such as the education expo, parenting day, career day and the Field Trip program through Live In and outdoor study do not excel in superior skills. (4 Feasibility evaluation shows that multimedia extracurricular programs have not showed the feasibility of the physical resources which involves computer supporting facilities and Wi-Fi. Suggestion to school in order to maintain the consistency that was owned, suitability to the needs of society as well as pay attention to competition with other schools also enhance the achievement of advantage and checking of IT facilities.

Dietary amino acids fed in free form or as protein do differently affect amino acid absorption in a rat everted sac model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nolles, J.A.; Peeters, I.G.S.; Bremer, B.I.; Moorman, R.; Koopmanschap, R.E.; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Schreurs, V.V.A.M.

2008-01-01

In the present study, the effect of free amino acid (FAA) diets on the intestinal absorption rate of methionine and leucine was studied 'ex vivo' with rats adapted for different periods of time to the diets, using the everted sac method. The adaptation period to the 21% FAA diet with an amino acid

Design and control of a linearity-enhanced SMA actuator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Son, Hyung-Min; Tak, Chul-Gon; Lee, Yun-Jung; Kang, Seok-Won; Nam, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Jae-Il

2010-01-01

For the accurate and dexterous operation of mechanical systems, continuous-type actuation, rather than on/off-type actuation, is an indispensable function. However, conventional Ti-Ni alloys present difficulties for continuous positioning control, due to their hysteretic and abruptly changing relationship between strain and temperature. Therefore, this paper proposes a new linearity-enhanced SMA actuator using a temperature-gradient annealed alloy and an inverse hysteresis controller. In comparative experiments, the proposed controller and alloy exhibit superior performance for continuous actuation.

Contribution to the study of the reduction of sulfate by the yolk sac of the chicken embryo; Contribution a l'etude de la reduction du sulfate par le sac vitellin de l'embryon de poulet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourgeois, Claude

1958-11-15

This academic reports addresses additional information obtained about the reduction of sulfate into sulphite by the yolk sac of a chicken embryo. Two important difficulties have been faced: the impossibility to isolate this reduction from reactions which immediately use the formed sulphite, and the impossibility to obtain an acellular preparation able to reduce the sulfate. Then, the problem of reduction of sulfate into sulphite by the yolk sac is associated with the problem of permeability of yolk sac cells to the studied substances. Thus, the author studied whether other animal species could provide a better material than the chicken embryo for this study of sulfate reduction. It appears that some vertebrate embryos present some evidence of sulphur metabolism similar to that of chicken embryo. However, this last one revealed to be the most favourable for the study. The author reports the study of the evolution of the reduction activity of the yolk sac sulfate with respect to the embryo age, and the effect of some metabolic inhibitors on this activity [French] Dans le present travail nous avons obtenu quelques renseignements concernant la reduction du sulfate en sulfite par l'embryon de poulet. Cette etude a ete menee, a l'aide de substances marquees par le soufre {sup 35}S, par les methodes qui avaient permis anterieurement a Chapeville et Fromageot de mettre en evidence cette reaction et les reactions qui lui font suite au cours de la synthese des aminoacides soufres. Pour apprecier la reduction du sulfate {sup 35}S, nous avons mesure la quantite d'acide cysteique {sup 35}S et de taurine {sup 35}S formes a partir du sulfite {sup 35}S. Appliquant ces techniques aux embryons d'especes animales variees, nous avons constate que quelques embryons de vertebres etaient capables d'utiliser le sulfite a la synthese d'acide cysteique: les embryons de roussette et de rat avec un rendement faible, l'embryon d'un passereau de la famille des turdides, comme celui du poulet

Social/economic costs and health-related quality of life in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

López-Bastida, Julio; Peña-Longobardo, Luz María; Aranda-Reneo, Isaac; Tizzano, Eduardo; Sefton, Mark; Oliva-Moreno, Juan

2017-08-18

The aim of this study was to determine the economic burden and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and their caregivers in Spain. This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study of patients diagnosed with SMA in Spain. We adopted a bottom up, prevalence approach design to study patients with SMA. The patient's caregivers completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, use of healthcare services and non-healthcare services. Costs were estimated from a societal perspective (including healthcare costs and non-healthcare costs), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire. The main caregivers also answered a questionnaire on their characteristics and on their HRQOL. A total of 81 caregivers of patients with different subtypes of SMA completed the questionnaire. Based on the reference unitary prices for 2014, the average annual costs per patient were € 33,721. Direct healthcare costs were € 10,882 (representing around 32.3% of the total cost) and the direct non-healthcare costs were € 22,839 (67.7% of the total cost). The mean EQ-5D social tariff score for patients was 0.16, and the mean score of the EQ-5D visual analogue scale was 54. The mean EQ-5D social tariff score for caregivers was 0.49 and their mean score on the EQ-5D visual analogue scale was 69. The results highlight the burden that SMA has in terms of costs and decreased HRQOL, not only for patients but also for their caregivers. In particular, the substantial social/economic burden is mostly attributable to the high direct non-healthcare costs.

Clinical effects of conjunctival sac flushing using different concentration of povidoneiodine on corneal epithelium before cataract surgeries

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Xue-Lian Gu

2015-10-01

Full Text Available AIM:To determine the most optimal concentration of the safe usage of povidone-iodine(PVP-Iin the flushing to disinfect the conjunctive sac before cataract surgeries, in order to provide a scientific basis for clinical eye surgery work.METHODS:Sixty-two patients with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in our hospital from October 2012 to October 2014 were randomly divided into 0.25g/L PVP-I group(Ⅰand 5g/L PVP-I group(Ⅱ. Sterilizing effect and the complications postoperative were analyzed.RESULTS:The sterilizing effects of the two groups after flushing conjunctiva sac using different concentrations of PVP-I were both remarkable, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05. No endophthalmitis occurred in the two groups. Observing the corneal condition after rinsing, no severe conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema and other serious complications occurred. There was slightly punctate corneal epithelial shedding in groupⅡ, and the difference was statistically significant(PPCONCLUSION:Using 0.25g/L PVP-I in the conjunctiva sac rinsing before surgeries can inhibit the growth of bacteria in the conjunctival sac, reduce the impact on the corneal epithelium thereby reducing the incidence of postoperative complications and the positive rate of bacterial culture, increasing the comfort degree of patients, bringing a better area for the surgeries.

SMA CARNIVAL TRIAL PART II: a prospective, single-armed trial of L-carnitine and valproic acid in ambulatory children with spinal muscular atrophy.

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John T Kissel

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that valproic acid (VPA might benefit patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA. The SMA CARNIVAL TRIAL was a two part prospective trial to evaluate oral VPA and L-carnitine in SMA children. Part 1 targeted non-ambulatory children ages 2-8 in a 12 month cross over design. We report here Part 2, a twelve month prospective, open-label trial of VPA and L-carnitine in ambulatory SMA children. METHODS: This study involved 33 genetically proven type 3 SMA subjects ages 3-17 years. Subjects underwent two baseline assessments over 4-6 weeks and then were placed on VPA and L-carnitine for 12 months. Assessments were performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcomes included safety, adverse events and the change at 6 and 12 months in motor function assessed using the Modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Extend (MHFMS-Extend, timed motor tests and fine motor modules. Secondary outcomes included changes in ulnar compound muscle action potential amplitudes (CMAP, handheld dynamometry, pulmonary function, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores. RESULTS: Twenty-eight subjects completed the study. VPA and carnitine were generally well tolerated. Although adverse events occurred in 85% of subjects, they were usually mild and transient. Weight gain of 20% above body weight occurred in 17% of subjects. There was no significant change in any primary outcome at six or 12 months. Some pulmonary function measures showed improvement at one year as expected with normal growth. CMAP significantly improved suggesting a modest biologic effect not clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: This study, coupled with the CARNIVAL Part 1 study, indicate that VPA is not effective in improving strength or function in SMA children. The outcomes used in this study are feasible and reliable, and can be employed in future trials in SMA. TRIAL REGSITRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00227266.

The Financial Accounting Model from a System Dynamics' Perspective

OpenAIRE

Melse, Eric

2006-01-01

This paper explores the foundation of the financial accounting model. We examine the properties of the accounting equation as the principal algorithm for the design and the development of a System Dynamics model. Key to the perspective is the foundational requirement that resolves the temporal conflict that resides in a stock and flow model. Through formal analysis the accounting equation is redefined as a cybernetic model by expressing the temporal and dynamic properties of its terms. Articu...

A Giant Occipital Encephalocele in Neonate with Spontaneous Hemorrhage into the Encephalocele Sac: Surgical Management

Science.gov (United States)

Satyarthee, Guru Dutta; Moscote-Salazar, Luis Rafael; Escobar-Hernandez, Nidia; Aquino-Matus, Jose; Puac-Polanco, Paulo Cesar; Hoz, Samer S; Calderon-Miranda, Willem Guillermo

2017-01-01

The presence of giant occipital encephalocele represents a surgical challenge. However, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging with venography can help in delineating relation of venous sinus, content of the sac and help classify occipital encephalocele into infra-torcular and torcular depending on the relation with position of torcula. However, the presence of old hemorrhage into encephalocele sac is extremely rare and in the detailed PubMed search, the authors could find one such case, reported by Nath et al. The author reports a case of giant occipital encephalocele; during surgery, evidence of old bleed was noted. Pertinent literature and management are reviewed briefly. PMID:29204205

MODEL PENULISAN BUKU AJAR BIOLOGI SMA BERWAWASAN EKOLOGI DAN LOKAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPEDULIAN SISWA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN

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Achyani Achyani

2010-05-01

Full Text Available A study using Research and Development design was conducted to produce a model of Biology hand book writing which is ecology and local oriented as an effort to increase students’ care toward environment. The background of this research is the reality which is  still going on untill now that the awareness and care of the school graduatee toward the environement safety is still low. Besides, hard science instructional at school could not affect or intervene the graduatee’s characteristics, for instance in keeping the environment awareness. Meanwhile, there are many concepts of environment which had been taught through hard science especially biology, so in the researcher’s point of view, biology subject has strategic role to prevent or mitigate the environment disaster caused by human activities. The model was validated at beach  ecosystem. The analysis of the research result includes three aspects, namely: 1 text comprehension, 2 environment care attitude, and 3 handbook readibility. Based on the result of beach ecosystem data analysis, it was found that (1 there was a significant difference between experimental class and control class in the beach ecosystem which is shown by tcalculation > ttable (7.429 > 2.00; (2 there was strong correlation between students’ comprehension and attitude which is shown by coeficient correlation (r 0.634. While the text readability test (Cloze test shown  the readability of beach ecosystem text is 57,57% (moderate. Therefore, it can be concluded that all of the texts in the developed book are fit and proper for SMA students of grade X.   Kata kunci:  Penulisan buku ajar, orientasi ekologi dan lokal, kepedulian terhadap  lingkungan.

The complete genome of Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 reveals its adaptation to the deep-sea environment and ecological role in sedimentary organic nitrogen degradation

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Zhou Bai-Cheng

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment, is an aerobic, gram-negative bacterium that represents a new genus of Flavobacteriaceae. This is the first sequenced genome of a deep-sea bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Results The Z. profunda SM-A87 genome has a single 5 128 187-bp circular chromosome with no extrachromosomal elements and harbors 4 653 predicted protein-coding genes. SM-A87 produces a large amount of capsular polysaccharides and possesses two polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters. It has a total of 130 peptidases, 61 of which have signal peptides. In addition to extracellular peptidases, SM-A87 also has various extracellular enzymes for carbohydrate, lipid and DNA degradation. These extracellular enzymes suggest that the bacterium is able to hydrolyze organic materials in the sediment, especially carbohydrates and proteinaceous organic nitrogen. There are two clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats in the genome, but their spacers do not match any sequences in the public sequence databases. SM-A87 is a moderate halophile. Our protein isoelectric point analysis indicates that extracellular proteins have lower predicted isoelectric points than intracellular proteins. SM-A87 accumulates organic osmolytes in the cell, so its extracelluar proteins are more halophilic than its intracellular proteins. Conclusion Here, we present the first complete genome of a deep-sea sedimentary bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes. The genome analysis shows that SM-A87 has some common features of deep-sea bacteria, as well as an important capacity to hydrolyze sedimentary organic nitrogen.

Ovule-to-seed development in Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae: Flacourtieae with notes on the taxonomic significance of the extranucellar embryo sac

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E. M. A. Steyn

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv. Hook.f. is a widespread and horticulturally important southern African endemic. Here described, ovule-to-seed development represents the first embryological information on this genus of the tribe Flacourtieae, Salicaceae  sensu lato. Results are discussed in the light of data available on the embryology of the order Malpighiales in general and on the tribe Flacourtieae in particular. It is clear that Dovyalis E.Mey. ex Am. shares many characters with other members of the Flacourtieae. Ovules of D. caffra are anatropous. bitegmic and crassinucellate with both bisporic Allium- and monosporic Polygonum-type embryo sacs. One of the most characteristic embryological features of the tribe is the pres­ence of an unusual, extranucellar embryo sac that stretches halfway up into the micropyle. Since this extraordinary-shaped embryo sac also defines the embryo sacs of Salix L. and Populus L., it is suggested that the character provides strong sup­port for the proposed close phylogenetic link between tribes Flacourtieae and Saliceae of Salicaceae sensu lato.

PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH BERPRESTASI: STUDI TENTANG PENANAMAN NILAI DAN ETOS BERPRESTASI DI SMA KARANGTURI

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Agus Yuliono

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk budaya sekolah berprestasi, proses penanaman nilai dan etos berprestasi kepada peserta didik dan mengetahui implikasi dari pengembangan budaya sekolah berprestasi di SMA Karangturi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk budaya sekolah berprestasi di SMA Karangturi mencakup empat poin yaitu: keseimbangan antara pembinaan akademik dan nonakademik, penanaman karakter melalui pelajaran, budaya mencintai almamater dan pentingnya nilai kerokhanian. Penanaman nilai dan etos berprestasi pada peserta didik dilakukan melalui kegiatan orientasi sekolah, proses pembelajaran, evaluasi belajar, ekstrakurikuler, penghargaan prestasi, kecintaan terhadap almamater, keteladanan guru, kerjasama dengan orangtua peserta didik dan seragam patriot sebagai media penanaman budaya berprestasi. Implikasi penanaman pengembangan budaya sekolah berprestasi di SMA Karangturi terdapat dalam input (penerimaan siswa baru dan pencarian siswa berpotensi, proses (pengembangan program sekolah serta pengembangan kerjasama dan output (prestasi akademik dan nonakademik serta jumlah alumni yang melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi. The objective of this study is to describe a model of school achievement culture, the cultivation of values ​​and ethos of achievement to students and know the implications of the development of school culture on students’ achievement in Karangturi high school. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Techniques of collecting data were observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses sources and methods triangulation for data validation. The results show that the  school achievement culture in Karangturi high school contains four pillars, namely: a balance between academic and non-academic achievement, building character

Sertoli cell tumor arising in a cryptorchid testis presenting as a content of inguinal hernial sac

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Kusuma Venkatesh

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs are rare tumors accounting for <1% of all testicular tumors. Here, we report a rare case of SCT in a 60-year-old man presenting as a painless swelling in the right groin since childhood. Clinically, he presented with right-sided inguinal hernia with absence of the right testis. He had normal left testis and had no gynecomastia or infertility. The specimen of hernial sac showed testis with a 1.6 cm × 1.5 cm nodular mass having gray tan-cut surface. Histopathologically, the testis showed atrophy and the nodular portion showed tumor cells arranged in tubular and microcystic pattern, with no solid pattern or necrosis. The diagnosis of SCT was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining for inhibin which showed fine granular cytoplasmic positivity. Cryptorchid testis having SCT and presenting as a content of inguinal hernia is a rare occurrence.

Lymph flux rates from various lymph sacs in the cane toad Rhinella marina: an experimental evaluation of the roles of compliance, skeletal muscles and the lungs in the movement of lymph.

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Hillman, Stanley S; Hedrick, Michael S; Drewes, Robert C; Withers, Philip C

2010-09-15

A new method for quantitatively determining lymph flux from various lymphatic sacs of an anuran, the cane toad, was developed. This method used the dye dilution principle of C(i)V(i)=C(f)V(f) following injection of Evans Blue into specific lymph sacs and measuring its appearance in the venous circulation. The apparent lymph volume was 57 ml kg(-1). The greatest rate of lymph return (0.5-0.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and best linear fit of Evans Blue appearance in the circulation with time followed injections into the subvertebral lymph sac, which has direct connections to both the anterior and posterior pairs of lymphatic hearts. Rate of lymph flux from the pair of posterior lymph hearts was three times greater than the anterior pair. Rates of lymph flux were only influenced by injection volume in the crural lymph sacs, implicating lymph sac compliance as the source of the pressure for lymph movement from these sacs. Femoral lymph sac fluxes were decreased by 60% following ablation of the tendons of the sphincter ani cloacalis, abdominal crenators and piriformis. This supports a role for these muscles in generating the pressure for vertical lymph movement. Femoral lymph sac fluxes were also decreased by 70% by the insertion of a coil in the subvertebral lymph sac, preventing normal compression and expansion of this sac by the lungs. This supports a role for lung ventilation in generating the pressure for vertical movement of lymph. Contrary to previous hypotheses, fluxes from the brachial sac were not influenced by insertion of the coil into the subvertebral sac. A haemorrhage equivalent to 50% of the blood volume did not change lymph flux rates from the femoral lymph sacs. These data provide the first experimental evidence that actual lymph fluxes in the cane toad Rhinella marina depend on lymph sac compliance, contraction of specific skeletal muscles and lung ventilation to move lymph laterally and vertically to the dorsally located lymphatic hearts.

EFEKTIVITAS METODE DRILL BERBANTUAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KOMPETENSI DASAR JURNAL KHUSUS PERUSAHAAN DAGANG PADA SISWA KELAS XII IPS SMA NEGERI 10 SEMARANG TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

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Meta Aditya Handayani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui penerapan metode drill berbantuan modul dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar akuntansi kompetensi dasar Jurnal Khusus kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 10 Semarang tahun ajaran 2013/2014 . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 10 Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu dengan menggunakan tes dan observasi. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji paired sample t-tets dan independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen dilihat dari 61,16 meningkat mencapai 80,89. Selain itu menunjukkan hasil rata-rata nilai post-test sebesar 80,89 pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai post-test sebesar 77,29 pada kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran drill berbantuan modul dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar serta efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa k ompetensi dasar jurnal khusus. Research purposes to determine the application of assisted modules drill method to improve learning outcomes of accounting competence base class XII IPS Special Journal SMA Negeri 10 Semarang school year 2013/2014. This study uses a quasi-experimental methods. The population in this study were all class XII IPS SMA Negeri 10 Semarang Academic Year 2013/2014. Data collection method is by using tests and observation. Hypothesis testing using paired sample t-tets and independent sample t-test. Results showed improved learning outcomes seen in the experimental classes increased to 80.89 from 61.16. In addition it shows the results of the average post-test score of 80.89 in the experimental class higher than the post -test score of 77.29 in the control class. Based on the results of this study concluded that learning by using drill -assisted learning modules to improve learning outcomes and effective in imp

Achieving dynamic switchable filter based on a transmutable metasurface using SMA

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Chen, Xin; Gao, Jinsong; Kang, Bonan

2017-09-01

We propose a switchable filter composed of transmutable array using shape memory alloys (SMA). It could exhibit a temperature induced morphology change spontaneously like the biological excitability, acting as a shutter that allows the incident energy to be selectively transmitted or reflected with in excess of 12dB isolation at the certain frequencies for both polarizations. Equivalent circuit models describe the operational principle qualitatively and the switching effect is underpinned by the full-wave analysis. A further physical mechanism is shown by contrasting the distributions of electric field and surface current on the surface at the same frequency for the two working modes. The experimental results consist with the theoretical simulations, indicating that the metasurface could serve as one innovative solution for manipulating the electromagnetic waves and enlighten the next generation of advanced electromagnetic materials with more freedom in the processes of design and manufacturing.

Achieving dynamic switchable filter based on a transmutable metasurface using SMA

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Xin Chen

2017-09-01

Full Text Available We propose a switchable filter composed of transmutable array using shape memory alloys (SMA. It could exhibit a temperature induced morphology change spontaneously like the biological excitability, acting as a shutter that allows the incident energy to be selectively transmitted or reflected with in excess of 12dB isolation at the certain frequencies for both polarizations. Equivalent circuit models describe the operational principle qualitatively and the switching effect is underpinned by the full-wave analysis. A further physical mechanism is shown by contrasting the distributions of electric field and surface current on the surface at the same frequency for the two working modes. The experimental results consist with the theoretical simulations, indicating that the metasurface could serve as one innovative solution for manipulating the electromagnetic waves and enlighten the next generation of advanced electromagnetic materials with more freedom in the processes of design and manufacturing.

Profil Problem Emosi/ Perilaku Pada Remaja Pelajar SMP-SMA Di Kota Semarang

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Annastasia Ediati

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The aims of this study is to identify the profile of emotional/behavioral problems on adolescents students of junior and senior high school (SMP-SMA in Semarang, Central Java. The subjects comprised 568 students (grade VII and X; males and females, aged between 13-17 years. Data were collected using the Indonesian translation of the Youth Self Report (YSR. The results of data analysis showed that adolescents in the junior high school/SMP reported emotional/behavioral problems more frequently than the adolescents in the senior high school/SMA (t (566 = 2.08, p = .038, especially in terms of social relations (t (566 = 2.92, p = .004, thought problems (t (566 = 2.47, p = .014, somatic complaints (t(566 = 2.98, p = .002, rule-breaking behavior (t (566 = 6.63, p < .001, and externalizing problems (t(566 = 3,37; p = .001. Gender differences was found in the adolescents’ emotional/behavioral problems. In group of junior high school students (SMP, girls reported more emotional problems than boys (t(335 = -3.55; p < .001, particularly in anxiety/depression (t(335 = -6.51; p < .001; withdrawal (t(335 = -4.26; p < .001, somatic complaints (t(335 = -2.86; p = .004; social problems (t(335 = -3.30; p = .001, attention problems (t(335 = -2.39; p = .017; and internalizing problem (t(335 = -5.76; p < .001. In group of senior high school students (SMA, boys reported more externalizing problems (t(229 = 2.10; p = .037 and rule-breaking behavior (t(229 = 4.44; p < .001 than girls. In contrasts, girls reported more somatic complaints than boys (t(229 = -3.09; p = .001. Adolescents’ emotional/behavioral problems should gained more attention. Preventive as well as curative intervention is needed, particularly intervention that sensitive to gender and age, which also involve significant figures for adolescents (parents, school teachers, and peers.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ANALISIS MASALAH EKONOMI DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (STUDI PADA SISWA KELAS X IIS 3 SMA 1 BAE KUDUS TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015

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Kurnia Norma Handayani

2015-02-01

Full Text Available atar belakang penelitian ini adalah karena kurangnya kemampuan analisis masalah ekonomi sehingga menyebabkan kurangnya pemahaman siswa akan materi dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa kurang optimal, selain itu karena metode pembelajaran yang digunakan tidak tepat yaitu menggunakan ceramah tanpa variasi sedangkan karakter materinya adalah teoritis dan membutuhkan analisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan analisis masalah ekonomi dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan analisis masalah ekonomi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IIS 3 SMA 1 Bae Kudus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh data kemampuan analisis siswa siklus I nilai rata-rata 73,94 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 52,94%, pada siklus II nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 82,29 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 82,35%, aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran siklus I cukup dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi sangat baik. The background of this research is the lack of knowledge in economic problems so students learning outcomes less optimal, moreover because the learning method that is used is not appropriate to use the oral speech without variation while the character is doctrinaire and needing analysis. This research aims to know improving the analysis ability on the subject economic problems with problem based learning model and how the use problem based learning can improving the analysis ability on the subject economic problems. The subject of this research is the class X IIS 3 SMA 1 Bae Kudus. This study is an action research conducted in two cycles. The research finding showed that analysis ability in learning cycle I average grade is 73,94 with percentage of classical completeness is 52,94%, in cycle II average grade increase to 82,29 with percentage of

Effect of Multiple Reflow Cycles and Al2O3 Nanoparticles Reinforcement on Performance of SAC305 Lead-Free Solder Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Tikale, Sanjay; Prabhu, K. Narayan

2018-05-01

The effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles reinforcement on melting behavior, microstructure evolution at the interface and joint shear strength of 96.5Sn3Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solder alloy subjected to multiple reflow cycles was investigated. The reinforced SAC305 solder alloy compositions were prepared by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles in different weight fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt.%) through mechanical dispersion. Cu/solder/Cu micro-lap-shear solder joint specimens were used to assess the shear strength of the solder joint. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the melting behavior of SAC305 solder nanocomposites. The solder joint interfacial microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the increase in melting temperature (T L) and melting temperature range of the SAC305 solder alloy by addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles were not significant. In comparison with unreinforced SAC305 solder alloy, the reinforcement of 0.05-0.5 wt.% of Al2O3 nanoparticles improved the solder wettability. The addition of nanoparticles in minor quantity effectively suppressed the Cu6Sn5 IMC growth, improved the solder joint shear strength and ductility under multiple reflow cycles. However, the improvement in solder properties was less pronounced on increasing the nanoparticle content above 0.1 wt.% of the solder alloy.

Initial clinical experience with a sac-anchoring endoprosthesis for aortic aneurysm repair.

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Donayre, Carlos E; Zarins, Christopher K; Krievins, Dainis K; Holden, Andrew; Hill, Andrew; Calderas, Carlos; Velez, Jaime; White, Rodney A

2011-03-01

All current aortic endografts depend on proximal and distal fixation to prevent migration. However, migration and rupture can occur, particularly in patients with aortic necks that are short or angulated, or both. We present our initial clinical experience with a new sac-anchoring endoprosthesis designed to anchor and seal the device within the aneurysm sac. The initial worldwide experience using a new endoprosthesis for the treatment of aortic aneurysms (Nellix Endovascular, Palo Alto, Calif) was reviewed. The endoprosthesis consists of dual balloon-expandable endoframes surrounded by polymer-filled endobags designed to obliterate the aneurysm sac and maintain endograft position. Clinical results and follow-up contrast computed tomography (CT) scans at 30 days and 6 and 12 months were reviewed. The endograft was successfully deployed in 21 patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysms measuring 5.7 ± 0.7 cm (range, 4.3-7.4 cm). Two patients with common iliac aneurysms were treated with sac-anchoring extenders that maintained patency of the internal iliac artery. Infusion of 71 ± 37 mL of polymer (range, 19-158 mL) into the aortic endobags resulted in complete aneurysm exclusion in all patients. Mean implant time was 76 ± 35 minutes, with 33 ± 17 minutes of fluoroscopy time and 180 ± 81 mL of contrast; estimated blood loss was 174 ± 116 mL. One patient died during the postoperative period (30-day mortality, 4.8%), and one died at 10 months from non-device-related causes. During a mean follow-up of 8.7 ± 3.1 months and a median of 6.3 months, there were no late aneurysm- or device-related adverse events and no secondary procedures. CT imaging studies at 6 months and 1 year revealed no increase in aneurysm size, no device migration, and no new endoleaks. One patient had a limited proximal type I endoleak at 30 days that resolved at 60 days and remained sealed. One patient has an ongoing distal type I endoleak near the iliac bifurcation, with no change in aneurysm

Modelling of functional systems of managerial accounting

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O.V. Fomina

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The modern stage of managerial accounting development takes place under the powerful influence of managerial innovations. The article aimed at the development of integrational model of budgeting and the system of balanced indices in the system of managerial accounting that will contribute the increasing of relevance for making managerial decisions by managers of different levels management. As a result of the study the author proposed the highly pragmatical integration model of budgeting and system of the balanced indices in the system of managerial accounting, which is realized by the development of the system of gathering, consolidation, analysis, and interpretation of financial and nonfinancial information, contributes the increasing of relevance for making managerial decisions on the base of coordination and effective and purpose orientation both strategical and operative resources of an enterprise. The effective integrational process of the system components makes it possible to distribute limited resources rationally taking into account prospective purposes and strategic initiatives, to carry

Calibration of SMA material model for the prediction of the ‘evolutionary’ load-bias behavior under conditions of extended thermal cycling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saleeb, A F; Dhakal, B; Padula II, S A; Gaydosh, D J

2013-01-01

This work is focused on the characterization of the cyclic response of the 55NiTi polycrystalline material system using a recently formulated, multimechanism-based, modeling framework. It has a number of significant contributions. First, it presents a comprehensive characterization of such a complex material system under broad thermo-mechanical loading conditions in isobaric experiments that cover: (a) the entire relevant stress range from 10 to 300 MPa, and (b) sufficient number of thermal cycles to enable the investigation of the details of the evolution of the cyclic strain-versus-temperature hysteresis loops. Second, the detailed comparisons presented for the model results and the experimental measurements provide the necessary validation of the modeling capabilities of the multimechanism framework. Third, specific plots are given detailing the variations with thermal cycling of the internal variables associated with each of the individual inelastic mechanisms. Fourth, an anatomical discussion details the interplay between the internal mechanisms to describe the material behavior within all the important response characteristic regions, thus providing a convenient means to complement the theoretical concepts in the mathematical approach. Given the comprehensive nature of this model, and its successful experimental validation under a wide range of conditions, it is believed that the model is capable of analyzing 55NiTi actuators. It is also emphasized that the insights provided in this work will carry forth to characterization of other SMA material systems. (paper)

Assessing upper limb function in nonambulant SMA patients: development of a new module.

Science.gov (United States)

Mazzone, Elena; Bianco, Flaviana; Martinelli, Diego; Glanzman, Allan M; Messina, Sonia; De Sanctis, Roberto; Main, Marion; Eagle, Michelle; Florence, Julaine; Krosschell, Kristin; Vasco, Gessica; Pelliccioni, Marco; Lombardo, Marilena; Pane, Marika; Finkel, Richard; Muntoni, Francesco; Bertini, Enrico; Mercuri, Eugenio

2011-06-01

We report the development of a module specifically designed for assessing upper limb function in nonambulant SMA patients, including young children and those with severe contractures. The application of the module to a preschool cohort of 40 children (age 30-48 months) showed that all the items could be completed by 30 months. The module was also used in 45 nonambulant SMA patients (age 30 months to 27 years). Their scores were more variable than in the preschool cohort, ranging from 0 to 18. The magnitude of scores was not related to age (r=-0.19). The upper limb scores had a good correlation with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale, r=0.75, but the upper limb function did not always strictly follow the overall gross motor function. These findings suggest that even some of the very weak nonambulant children possess upper limb skills that can be measured. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Polarization and EIS studies to evaluate the effect of aluminum concentration on the corrosion behavior of SAC105 solder alloy

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Liyana N. K.

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an investigation on corrosion behavior of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu-XAl (X = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 by means of polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS measurements in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results show that addition of aluminum into SAC105 shifts the corrosion current density and passivation current density towards more positive values. It is also found that with an increase in aluminum concentration in SAC105 solder alloy, the corrosion current density increases and polarization resistance decreases. This suggests that SAC105 with the highest concentration of Al has the lowest corrosion resistance. In this case, the corrosion behavior seems to be attributed to anodic dissolution of aluminum and Sn-matrix.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT SISWA KELAS XI IPS MENGIKUTI EKSTRAKURIKULER EKONOMI AKUNTANSI DI SMA N 4 MAGELANG TAHUN 2015/2016

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Laeli Ismiati

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Ekstrakurikuler merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan diluar jam tatap muka, baik didalam ataupun diluar sekolah dengan tujuan menambah wawasan siswa. Dengan adanya ekstrakurikuler ekonomi akuntansi dalam program sekolah harapannya siswa mempunyai tempat untuk berlatih akuntansi diluar jam mata pelajaran yang terbatas. Namun kenyataannya minat siswa terhadap ekstrakurikuler ekonomi akuntansi di SMA N 4 Magelang masih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler ekonomi akuntansi . Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS SMA N 4 Magelang tahun 2015/2016 yang berjumlah 126. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan, proportionate random sampling. Perhitungan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus slovin dan diketahui jumlah sampel sebesar 96 orang.Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis faktor dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS v16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang mempengaruhi siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler, yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Yang merupakan faktor internal antara lain jasmani, intelegensi, bakat, dan motivasi. Yang merupakan faktor eksternal antara lain pemusatan perhatian, kematangan, lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan masyarakat. Variabel yang mempunyai korelasi paling kuat dalam faktor internal adalah intelegensi dengan factor loading sebesar 0,811. Sedangkan dalam faktor eksternal variabel yang mempunyai korelasi paling kuat adalah variabel lingkungan sekolah dengan factor loading sebesar 0,783. Extracurricular is activiti that carried out outside of the classroom, which purpose to improve the student’s knowledge. Economic-Accounting extracurricular in school programs hopes students to get a place to practice accounting outside of the classroom. In fact student’s interest on to Economic-Accounting extracurricular

Standardization and validation of a novel and simple method to assess lumbar dural sac size

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daniels, M.L.A.; Lowe, J.R.; Roy, P.; Patrone, M.V.; Conyers, J.M.; Fine, J.P.; Knowles, M.R.; Birchard, K.R.

2015-01-01

Aim: To develop and validate a simple, reproducible method to assess dural sac size using standard imaging technology. Materials and methods: This study was institutional review board-approved. Two readers, blinded to the diagnoses, measured anterior–posterior (AP) and transverse (TR) dural sac diameter (DSD), and AP vertebral body diameter (VBD) of the lumbar vertebrae using MRI images from 53 control patients with pre-existing MRI examinations, 19 prospectively MRI-imaged healthy controls, and 24 patients with Marfan syndrome with prior MRI or CT lumbar spine imaging. Statistical analysis utilized linear and logistic regression, Pearson correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: AP-DSD and TR-DSD measurements were reproducible between two readers (r = 0.91 and 0.87, respectively). DSD (L1–L5) was not different between male and female controls in the AP or TR plane (p = 0.43; p = 0.40, respectively), and did not vary by age (p = 0.62; p = 0.25) or height (p = 0.64; p = 0.32). AP-VBD was greater in males versus females (p = 1.5 × 10 −8 ), resulting in a smaller dural sac ratio (DSR) (DSD/VBD) in males (p = 5.8 × 10 −6 ). Marfan patients had larger AP-DSDs and TR-DSDs than controls (p = 5.9 × 10 −9 ; p = 6.5 × 10 −9 , respectively). Compared to DSR, AP-DSD and TR-DSD better discriminate Marfan from control subjects based on area under the curve (AUC) values from unadjusted ROCs (AP-DSD p < 0.01; TR-DSD p = 0.04). Conclusion: Individual vertebrae and L1–L5 (average) AP-DSD and TR-DSD measurements are simple, reliable, and reproducible for quantitating dural sac size without needing to control for gender, age, or height. - Highlights: • DSD (L1-L5) does not differ in the AP or TR plane by gender, height, or age. • AP- and TR-DSD measures correlate well between readers with different experience. • Height is positively correlated to AP-VBD in both males and females. • Varying

Interpretation of Series National Standards of China on “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting and Reporting for Enterprises”

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Liang; Zong, Jianfang; Guo, Huiting; Sun, Liang; Liu, Mei

2018-05-01

Standardization is playing an increasingly important role in reducing greenhouse gas emission and in climatic change adaptation, especially in the “three” greenhouse gas emission aspects (measurement, report, verification). Standardization has become one of the most important ways in mitigating the global climate change. Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has taken many productive measures in actively promoting standardization work to cope with climate change. In April 2014, SAC officially approved the establishment of “National Carbon Emission Management Standardization Technical Committee” In November 2015, SAC officially issued the first 11 national standards on carbon management including > and the requirements of the greenhouse gas emissions accounting and reporting in 10 sectors including power generation, power grid, iron and steel, chemical engineering, electrolytic aluminum, magnesium smelting, plate glass, cement, ceramics and civil aviation, which proposes unified requirements of “what to calculate and how to calculate” the greenhouse gas emission for enterprises. This paper focuses on the detailed interpretation of the main contents of the first 11 national standards, so as to provide technical supports for users of the standards and to comprehensively promote the emission reduction of greenhouse gas at the enterprise level.

EVAR using the Nellix Sac-anchoring endoprosthesis: treatment of favourable and adverse anatomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Krievins, D K; Holden, A; Savlovskis, J; Calderas, C; Donayre, C E; Moll, F L; Katzen, B; Zarins, C K

2011-07-01

The study aimed to review the results of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using a novel sac-anchoring endoprosthesis in patients with favourable and adverse anatomy. This is a prospective, multicentre, clinical trial. The Nellix endoprosthesis consists of dual, balloon-expandable endoframes, surrounded by polymer-filled endobags, which obliterate the aneurysm sac and maintain endograft position. The study reviewed worldwide clinical experience and Core Lab evaluation of computed tomography (CT) scans. From 2008 to 2010, 34 patients (age 71 ± 8 years, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter 5.8 ± 0.8 cm) were treated at four clinical sites. Seventeen patients (50%) met the inclusion criteria for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved endografts (favourable anatomy); 17 (50%) had one or more adverse anatomic feature: neck length 60° (9%) and iliac diameter >23 mm (38%). Device deployment was successful in all patients; iliac aneurysm treatment preserved hypogastric patency. Perioperative mortality was 1/34 (2.9%); one patient died at 10 months of congestive heart failure (CHF); one patient had a secondary procedure at 15 months. During 15 ± 6 months follow-up, there were no differences in outcome between favourable and adverse anatomy patients. Follow-up CT extending up to 2 years revealed no change in aneurysm size or endograft position and no new endoleaks. Favourable and adverse anatomy patients can be successfully treated using the Nellix sac-anchoring endoprosthesis. Early results are promising but longer-term studies are needed. Copyright © 2011 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Demonstrating storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs: the Sleipner and SACS projects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torp, T.A.; Gale, J.

2004-01-01

At the Sleipner gas field in the North Sea, CO 2 has been stripped from the produced natural gas and injected into a sand layer called the Utsira formation. Injection started in October 1996, to date nearly 8 million tonnes of CO 2 have been injected without any significant operational problems observed in the capture plant or in the injection well. The Sleipner project is the first commercial application of CO 2 storage in deep saline aquifers in the world. To monitor the injected CO 2 , a separate project called the saline aquifer CO 0 2 storage (SACS) project was established in 1998. As part of the SACS project, 3D seismic surveying has been used to successfully monitor the CO 2 in the Utsira formation, an industry first. Repeat seismic surveys have successfully imaged movement of the injected CO 2 within the reservoir. Reservoir simulation tools have been successfully adapted to describe the migration of the CO 2 in the reservoir. The simulation packages have been calibrated against the repeat seismic surveys and shown themselves to be capable of replicating the position of the CO 2 in the reservoir. The possible reactions between minerals within the reservoir sand and the injected CO 2 have been studied by laboratory experiments and simulations. The cumulative experiences of the Sleipner and SACS projects will be embodied in a Best Practice Manual to assist other organisations planning CO 2 injection projects to take advantage of the learning processes undertaken and to assist in facilitating new projects of this type. (author)

Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

González-Gutiérrez, Alejandra G; Gutiérrez-Mora, Antonia; Rodríguez-Garay, Benjamín

2014-01-01

Agave tequilana is an angiosperm species that belongs to the family Asparagaceae (formerly Agavaceae). Even though there is information regarding to some aspects related to the megagametogenesis of A. tequilana, this is the first report describing the complete process of megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the early embryo and endosperm development process in detail. The objective of this work was to study and characterize all the above processes and the distinctive morphological changes of the micropylar and chalazal extremes after fertilization in this species. The agave plant material for the present study was collected from commercial plantations in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Ovules and immature seeds, previously fixed in FAA and kept in ethanol 70%, were stained based on a tissue clarification technique by using a Mayer's-Hematoxylin solution. The tissue clarification technique was successfully used for the characterization of the megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, mature embryo sac formation, the early embryo and endosperm development processes by studying intact cells. The embryo sac of A. tequilana was confirmed to be of the monosporic Polygonum-type and an helobial endosperm formation. Also, the time-lapse of the developmental processes studied was recorded.

Pola Pembinaan Kompetensi Kepribadian dan Kompetensi Sosial Guru di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bambang Wahrudin

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This research is motivated by the importance of personal competence and social competence teacher as the spirit of education. The focus of reasearch is know the program fostering personal competence and social competence teacherin SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo . Deep observation and interview used in this research by qualitative aproach. The result shows that personality competence development programs conducted in six (6 forms include: 1 Dhuhr and Asr prayers in congregation, 2 Baitul Arqom for teachers and employees, 3 Course / tahsin read the Koran for teachers and employees, 4 Pray tahajud ahad congregation every morning, and 5 Training Motivation and 6 Counseling, whereas social competence training program conducted by three (3 forms, namely: 1 Piket Sympathetic, 2 MGMPs and 3 Sinergy Building. These patern have made theacher have stong  professionaly and  authority Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya kompetensi kepribadian dan kompetensi sosial bagi guru sebagai ruh pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui program pembinaan kompetensi kepribadian dan kompetensi sosial guru di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo. Reset mendalam dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkaan bahwa Program pembinaan kompetensi kepribadian dan kompetensi sosial sumber daya manusia di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo menggunakan 6 (enam bentuk meliputi: 1. sholat Dhuhur dan Ashar berjamaah, 2. baitul Arqom untuk guru dan karyawan, 3. kursus/tahsin baca al-Qur’an untuk guru dan karyawan, 4. sholat tahajud berjamaah setiap ahad dini hari, dan 5. training motivasi dan 6. konseling, sedangkan program pembinaan kompetensi sosial dilakukan dengan 3 (tiga bentuk, yaitu: 1. paket Simpatik, 2.  MGMP dan 3. sinergy Building. Pola ini telah berhasil menghantarkan guru sebagai guru yang profesional yang kuat dan berwibawa.

Hysteresis model of shape memory alloy wire-based laminated rubber bearing under compression and unidirectional shear loadings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hedayati Dezfuli, F; Alam, M Shahria

2015-01-01

Smart lead rubber bearings (LRBs), in which a shape memory alloy (SMA) is used in the form of wires, are a new generation of elastomeric isolators with improved performance in terms of recentering capability and energy dissipation capacity. It is of great interest to implement SMA wire-based lead rubber bearings (SMA-LRBs) in bridges; however, currently there is no appropriate hysteresis model for accurately simulating the behavior of such isolators. A constitutive model for SMA-LRBs is proposed in this study. An LRB is equipped with a double cross configuration of SMA wires (DC-SMAW) and subjected to compression and unidirectional shear loadings. Due to the complexity of the shear behavior of the SMA-LRB, a hysteresis model is developed for the DC-SMAWs and then combined with the bilinear kinematic hardening model, which is assumed for the LRB. Comparing the hysteretic response of decoupled systems with that of the SMA-LRB shows that the high recentering capability of the DC-SMAW model with zero residual deformation could noticeably reduce the residual deformation of the LRB. The developed constitutive model for DC-SMAWs is characterized by three stiffnesses when the shear strain exceeds a starting limit at which the SMA wires are activated due to phase transformation. An important point is that the shear hysteresis of the DC-SMAW model looks different from the flag-shaped hysteresis of the SMA because of the specific arrangement of wires and its effect on the resultant forces transferred from the wires to the rubber bearing. (paper)

Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Ruang Sekolah SMA Negeri di Kota Padang

OpenAIRE

Lusi Susanti; Nike Aulia

2016-01-01

This research aims to determine thermal conditions and sensation of thermal comfort in classrooms of high schools in Padang. This study was conducted in 11 State Senior High School (SMA) represented 11 districts in Padang. About 10% of total student body in each schools were participated in this study to vote thermal comfort questioners. To determine thermal comfort level in this study, PMV (Predicted mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of dissatisfied) method were used according to stan...

Development of a Simple Structured Artificial Muscle Using SMA Wire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibuki, Ryuta; Maruyama, Shigenao; Komiya, Atsuki

2006-01-01

Artificial heart muscle using SMA wire is developed to assist weaken heartbeat. Simple structure design was adopted for large output force, large displacement and rapid cyclic motion of the actuator. The actuator was designed and fabricated from the viewpoint of heat transfer. Moving performance of the actuator was experimentally measured under 10N of loading condition. Under the maximum efficiency condition, the actuator shows cyclic motion with 1mm of displacement and time period of about 2 seconds in one cycle

Development of a self-stressing NiTiNb shape memory alloy (SMA)/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) patch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Tahan, M; Dawood, M; Song, G

2015-01-01

The objective of this research is to develop a self-stressing patch using a combination of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Prestressed carbon FRP patches are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional methods to repair cracked steel structures and civil infrastructure. However, prestressing these patches typically requires heavy and complex fixtures, which is impractical in many applications. This paper presents a new approach in which the prestressing force is applied by restraining the shape memory effect of NiTiNb SMA wires. The wires are subsequently embedded in an FRP overlay patch. This method overcomes the practical challenges associated with conventional prestressing. This paper presents the conceptual development of the self-stressing patch with the support of experimental observations. The bond between the SMA wires and the FRP is evaluated using pull-out tests. The paper concludes with an experimental study that evaluates the patch response during activation subsequent monotonic tensile loading. The results demonstrate that the self-stressing patch with NiTiNb SMA is capable of generating a significant prestressing force with minimal tool and labor requirements. (paper)

Novel SACS mutations associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy and widespread supratentorial abnormalities.

Science.gov (United States)

Ali, Zafar; Klar, Joakim; Jameel, Mohammad; Khan, Kamal; Fatima, Ambrin; Raininko, Raili; Baig, Shahid; Dahl, Niklas

2016-12-15

We describe eight subjects from two consanguineous families segregating with autosomal recessive childhood onset spastic ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and intellectual disability. The degree of intellectual disability varied from mild to severe and all four affected individuals in one family developed aggressive behavior and epilepsy. Using exome sequencing, we identified two novel truncating mutations (c.2656C>T (p.Gln886*)) and (c.4756_4760delAATCA (p.Asn1586Tyrfs*3)) in the SACS gene responsible for autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS). MRI revealed typical cerebellar and pontine changes associated with ARSACS as well as multiple supratentorial changes in both families as likely contributing factors to the cognitive symptoms. Intellectual disability and behavioral abnormalities have been reported in some cases of ARSACS but are not a part of the characteristic triad of symptoms that includes cerebellar ataxia, spasticity and peripheral neuropathy. Our combined findings bring further knowledge to the phenotypic spectrum, neurodegenerative changes and genetic variability associated with the SACS gene of clinical and diagnostic importance. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Performance Analysis of SAC Optical PPM-CDMA System-Based Interference Rejection Technique

Science.gov (United States)

Alsowaidi, N.; Eltaif, Tawfig; Mokhtar, M. R.

2016-03-01

In this paper, we aim to theoretically analyse optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system that based on successive interference cancellation (SIC) using pulse position modulation (PPM), considering the interference between the users, imperfection cancellation occurred during the cancellation process and receiver noises. Spectral amplitude coding (SAC) scheme is used to suppress the overlapping between the users and reduce the receiver noises effect. The theoretical analysis of the multiple access interference (MAI)-limited performance of this approach indicates the influence of the size of M-ary PPM on OCDMA system. The OCDMA system performance improves with increasing M-ary PPM. Therefore, it was found that the SIC/SAC-OCDMA system using PPM technique along with modified prime (MPR) codes used as signature sequence code offers significant improvement over the one without cancellation and it can support up to 103 users at the benchmarking value of bit error rate (BER) = 10-9 with prime number p = 11 while the system without cancellation scheme can support only up to 52 users.

[Ocular surface acidity and buffering system (by studying the conjunctival sac)].

Science.gov (United States)

Avetisov, S É; Safonova, T N; Novikov, I A; Pateiuk, L S; Griboedova, I G

2014-01-01

As any mucous membrane the conjunctiva is characterized by a definite pH value which guarantees-physiological functioning of the ocular surface. The most commonly used method of assessment is potentiometric pH measurement with ion-specific glass microelectrodes. The results, however, can be affected by such factors, as conjunctival sac zoning, tissue acidity, epithelial trauma, and reflex tear secretion. Few data and hypotheses are available on mechanisms of maintaining the acid-base balance of the conjunctival sac (bicarbonate buffering system in particular). to study spatial variability of conjunctival tear fluid pH and possible mechanisms of its maintenance using original methods of acidity measurement and mineral content assessment. Tear pH was determined in 42 healthy participants (84 eyes) by means of litmus test strips and computer- aided colorimetry. Electron probe microanalysis in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry was performed in 8 healthy participants (8 eyes, 8 samples). In the group of 42 healthy participants (84 eyes) the pH value of conjunctival tear fluid varied from 6.30 to 7.23 with the average of 6.76 and pH mode 6.74. The pH value of conjunctival mucous discharge was measured in 25 healthy participants (28 eyes) and varied from 7.00 to 8.00 with the average of 7.26 and pH mode 7.30. The main mineral components of tear fluid are chlorine, sodium, potassium, and boron. Borate buffer is regarded as a mechanism of maintaining the acid-base balance of the ocular surface. The developed method of pH measurement ensuresreliable determination of conjunctival sac acidity in accordance with zoning and heterogeneity of its media as well as the complex structure of the tear film. In a healthy population, the acidity of tear significantly differs from that of conjunctival mucous discharge. Soluble chlorine, sodium, potassium, and boron compounds are the prevailing mineral components of tear fluid. Borate buffer appears to be the most stable of

KONSUMSI SUPLEMEN ATLET REMAJA DI SMA RAGUNAN JAKARTA

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Muhammad Q Aliyyan Wijaya

2015-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate consumption of supplement among Ragunan High School Jakarta athletes. The cross sectional study was done with total subjects were 79 students of Ragunan high school who were willing to join the study and they were at school when the study was conducted. There was 92.4% athletes consumed supplement in last one year. All athletes from light and heavy sport category were found consumed supplement. The most popular supplement were vitamin, mineral, and phytonutrition in tablet form. There was 89.0% athletes consumed supplement everyday. Moreover, the main reason for supplementation was to meet a nutrition requirement. The source of information about food supplement was mostly from coach advisor. More than half of athletes got supplement for free from any sources. There was a significant correlation between category of sport and number of supplement used (p<0.05.Keywords: adolescent, athlete, high school, supplementABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah menggambarkan konsumsi suplemen pada atlet remaja di SMA Ragunan Jakarta. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional dengan total subjek sebanyak 79 siswa SMA Ragunan yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian dan berada di sekolah saat penelitian dilakukan. Sebanyak 92,4% atlet mengaku mengonsumsi suplemen dalam satu tahun terakhir. Atlet dari kategori olahraga ringan dan berat sekali semuanya mengonsumsi suplemen. Suplemen vitamin, mineral, dan fitonutrisi dalam bentuk tablet merupakan jenis dan bentuk suplemen yang paling banyak dikonsumsi. Sebanyak 89,0% dari atlet mengonsumsi suplemen setiap hari. Alasan utama atlet mengonsumsi suplemen adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi. Pelatih merupakan sumber infomasi tentang suplemen yang paling banyak dipilih oleh atlet. Lebih dari 50,0% atlet mendapatkan suplemen dengan cara diberi. Kategori olahraga dan jumlah suplemen yang dikonsumsi menunjukkan hubungan positif signifikan (p<0,05.Kata kunci: atlet, remaja

Kelompok Sebaya dan Perilaku Makan Menyimpang Remaja SMA di Jakarta

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Rizky Ibrahim Isra

2017-02-01

Full Text Available                                                                          AbstrakTulisan ini membahas hubungan tekanan kelompok sebaya (peer group terhadap gejala perilaku makan menyimpang pada remaja SMA di Jakarta. Banyak studi lain yang mengkaji hal serupa, namun kajian yang membahas permasalahan perilaku makan menyimpang secara sosiologis masih sangat minim. Ketika studi lain hanya memfokuskan pada jenis kelamin perempuan saja, dalam tulisan ini jenis kelamin (laki-laki dan perempuan digunakan sebagai variabel kontrol. Studi sebelumnya yang hanya berfokus pada perempuan memiliki kelemahan karena kelompok sebaya tidak hanya memengaruhi perilaku remaja perempuan, tetapi juga memengaruhi laki-laki. Oleh karena itu, penulis berargumen bahwa kelompok sebaya dapat memengaruhi munculnya gejala perilaku makan menyimpang pada remaja SMA di Jakarta, baik pada laki-laki maupun perempuan. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil studi yang menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara acak bertingkat (stratified random sampling sebanyak 235 siswa salah satu SMA negeri di Jakarta. Tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tekanan kelompok sebaya terhadap gejala perilaku makan menyimpang pada remaja SMA di Jakarta, di mana laki-laki lebih terpengaruh oleh pesan (message dari kelompok sebayanya, sedangkan perempuan lebih kuat terpengaruh oleh interaksi dan likeability.                                                                      AbstractThis article discusses the correlation between peer group pressure and eating disorder behavior symptoms in Jakarta Senior High School students. Many of studies talk about it, but the discussion about eating disorder behavior on sociology was rarely found. In this article, gender was used as a control variable while many of studies only focused on the

Input Files and Procedures for Analysis of SMA Hybrid Composite Beams in MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS

Science.gov (United States)

Turner, Travis L.; Patel, Hemant D.

2005-01-01

A thermoelastic constitutive model for shape memory alloys (SMAs) and SMA hybrid composites (SMAHCs) was recently implemented in the commercial codes MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS. The model is implemented and supported within the core of the commercial codes, so no user subroutines or external calculations are necessary. The model and resulting structural analysis has been previously demonstrated and experimentally verified for thermoelastic, vibration and acoustic, and structural shape control applications. The commercial implementations are described in related documents cited in the references, where various results are also shown that validate the commercial implementations relative to a research code. This paper is a companion to those documents in that it provides additional detail on the actual input files and solution procedures and serves as a repository for ASCII text versions of the input files necessary for duplication of the available results.

Micromechanical modelling of shape memory alloy composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Y.F.; Wang, X.M.; Yue, Z.F. [School of Mechanic, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072 (China)

2004-03-01

An isothermal finite element method (FEM) model has been applied to study the behavior of two kinds of shape memory alloy (SMA) composites. For SMA-fiber reinforced normal metal composites, the FEM analysis shows that the mechanical behavior of the composites depends on the SMA volume fraction. For normal metal-fiber reinforced SMA matrix composites, the SMA phase transformation is affected by the increasing Young's modulus of the metal fiber. The phase transformation was also treated using a simple numerical analysis, which assumes that there are uniform stresses and strains distributions in the fiber and the matrix respectively. It is found that there is an obvious difference between the FEM analysis and the simple numerical assessment. Only FEM can provide reasonable predictions of phase transformations in SMA/normal metal composites. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Metastatic anal sac carcinoma with hypercalcaemia and associated hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Giuliano

2015-05-01

Full Text Available A seven-year-old male neutered Irish setter was treated for a metastatic anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC and hypercalcaemia by complete surgical excision of the primary tumour and partial excision of the sublumbar lymph nodes. Further enlargement of the sublumbar lymph nodes was linked to recurrent hypercalcaemia 3 months after surgical treatment. Medical treatment with Toceranib and Clodronate showed modest results in the treatment of the tumour and the hypercalcaemia. Radiotherapy of the sublumbar lymph nodes and later concurrent carboplatin chemotherapy resulted in partial tumour remission with marked reduction in size of the lymph nodes and normalization of the calcaemia. Unfortunately, concurrently with subsequent relapse of the hypercalaemia, the dog developed hypertrophic osteopathy (HO and lumbar spinal metastasis and the dog was euthanized. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the second case of metastatic apocrine gland carcinoma of the anal sac associated with HO and the first case that describe the development of HO late in the stage of the disease.

The financial accounting model from a system dynamics' perspective

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Melse, E.

2006-01-01

This paper explores the foundation of the financial accounting model. We examine the properties of the accounting equation as the principal algorithm for the design and the development of a System Dynamics model. Key to the perspective is the foundational requirement that resolves the temporal

Quantitative Assessment of the Influence of Rhizoma Zingiberis on the Level of Aconitine in Rat Gut Sacs and Qualitative Analysis of the Major Influencing Components of Rhizoma Zingiberis on Aconitine Using UPLC/MS.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Xin

Full Text Available This study attempted to clarify the material basis for the detoxification of Rhizoma Zingiberis (RZ on aconitine, an analgesic drug, by quantitatively assessing the influence of RZ on the in vitro intestinal concentration of aconitine using an everted gut sac model and by qualitatively identifying the components in the RZ extract. To quantify aconitine in rat everted gut sacs, both an accurate processing method and a sensitive detection method were required. We developed a three-step sample processing method to protect the components from decomposition and applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC/TQMS to quantify aconitine, glucose and digoxin. In addition, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC/ITMS was applied to detect the potential antidotal components in the RZ extract. Finally, the RZ extract reduced the level of aconitine in everted gut sacs, and eleven gingerols were successfully identified, which could be considered potential antidotal components for aconitine. This study demonstrated the application of two UPLC/MS methods for analyzing the material basis for the reciprocity between Chinese medicine components in everted gut sacs.

Fetus in fetu in the scrotal sac of newborn | Khope | Annals of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Fetus in fetu (FIF) in the scrotal sac is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of other scrotal swellings in infants and children. Unlike teratoma, FIF is a benign disorder. Scrotal FIF is extraordinarily rare and has been reported only twice in the international literature. We describe the case of a 15-day-old neonate who ...

Models and Rules of Evaluation in International Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niculae Feleaga

2006-04-01

Full Text Available The accounting procedures cannot be analyzed without a previous evaluation. Value is in general a very subjective issue, usually the result of a monetary evaluation made to a specific asset, group of assets or entities, or to some rendered services. Within the economic sciences, value comes from its very own deep history. In accounting, the concept of value had a late and fragile start. The term of value must not be misinterpreted as being the same thing with cost, even though value is frequently measured through costs. At the origin of the international accounting standards lays the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation basis: the hystorical cost, the current cost, the realisable (settlement value, the present value (the present value of cash flows. Choosing the evaluation basis and the capital maintenance concept will eventually determine the accounting evaluation model used in preparing the financial statements of a company. The multitude of accounting evaluation models differentiate themselves one from another through various relevance and reliable degrees of accounting information and therefore, accountants (the prepares of financial statements must try to equilibrate these two main qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Models and Rules of Evaluation in International Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liliana Feleaga

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The accounting procedures cannot be analyzed without a previous evaluation. Value is in general a very subjective issue, usually the result of a monetary evaluation made to a specific asset, group of assets or entities, or to some rendered services. Within the economic sciences, value comes from its very own deep history. In accounting, the concept of value had a late and fragile start. The term of value must not be misinterpreted as being the same thing with cost, even though value is frequently measured through costs. At the origin of the international accounting standards lays the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation basis: the hystorical cost, the current cost, the realisable (settlement value, the present value (the present value of cash flows. Choosing the evaluation basis and the capital maintenance concept will eventually determine the accounting evaluation model used in preparing the financial statements of a company. The multitude of accounting evaluation models differentiate themselves one from another through various relevance and reliable degrees of accounting information and therefore, accountants (the prepares of financial statements must try to equilibrate these two main qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Sistem Informasi Data Kepegawaian Dan Kesiswaan SMA Negeri 1 P. Brandan

OpenAIRE

Ramadhani, Tiara

2015-01-01

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membangun suatu sistem informasi pada SMA Negeri 1 Babalan P.Brandan. Sistem informasi ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak PHP, MySQL, Apache, dan Mozilla Firefox juga software pembantu lainnya seperti Adobe Dreamweaver CS5. Tujuan dari sistem informasi ini adalah untuk menyajikan informasi data kepegawaian, guru, serta kesiswaan kepada user/pengguna dengan baik dan dapat meng-update isi dari informasi yang terdapat pada web tersebut dengan mudah pa...

The efficacy of sleeve technique in primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction with a high lacrimal sac

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kyoung-Nam Kim

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a sleeve technique during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR in primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO patients with a high lacrimal sac. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 45 patients (49 cases undergoing endoscopic DCR for primary NLDO with a high lacrimal sac were retrospectively reviewed. In 19 patients (21 cases, the thick maxilla covering the common canalicular opening was removed using a drill and a bicanalicular silicone tube was inserted (group 1. In 26 patients (28 cases, instead of removal of the thick maxilla, a sleeve was inserted into the bicanalicular silicone tube (group 2. At 6 months postoperatively, the success rate was evaluated and the size of the intranasal mucosal ostium was measured. Results: The success rates in group 1 and 2 was 90.5% and 96.4%, respectively (P = 0.400. The intranasal mucosal ostium in group 1 and 2 measured 1.7 ± 0.7 mm and 3.1 ± 1.0 mm, respectively, and the difference was significant (P = 0.042. Conclusions: In primary NLDO patients with a high lacrimal sac, DCR inserting a silicone tube and a sleeve together had a satisfactory success rate without using a drill. In comparison with traditional surgical methods, it helped enlarge the size of the intranasal mucosal ostium.

Model Based Mission Assurance in a Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Framework: State-of-the-Art Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Cornford, Steven L.; Feather, Martin S.

2016-01-01

This report explores the current state of the art of Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) in projects that have shifted towards Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Its goal is to provide insight into how NASA's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance (OSMA) should respond to this shift. In MBSE, systems engineering information is organized and represented in models: rigorous computer-based representations, which collectively make many activities easier to perform, less error prone, and scalable. S&MA practices must shift accordingly. The "Objective Structure Hierarchies" recently developed by OSMA provide the framework for understanding this shift. Although the objectives themselves will remain constant, S&MA practices (activities, processes, tools) to achieve them are subject to change. This report presents insights derived from literature studies and interviews. The literature studies gleaned assurance implications from reports of space-related applications of MBSE. The interviews with knowledgeable S&MA and MBSE personnel discovered concerns and ideas for how assurance may adapt. Preliminary findings and observations are presented on the state of practice of S&MA with respect to MBSE, how it is already changing, and how it is likely to change further. Finally, recommendations are provided on how to foster the evolution of S&MA to best fit with MBSE.

Glycosaminoglycan-sac formation in vitro. Interactions between normal and malignant cells

OpenAIRE

Logothetou-Rella, H.

1994-01-01

The interaction of monolayer normal human or normal rat cells with suspension Walker rat tumor cells was demonstrated cytologically, during a cocultivation period of thirty days. At ten days, Walker rat tumor cells were interiorized in the cytoplasm of the normal monolayer host cells. At twenty days, degeneration of the interiorized tumor cells followed by mucification led to glycosaminoglycan-sac formation. At thirty days, tumor nodules and protease (a,- c...

Biomechanics of smart wings in a bat robot: morphing wings using SMA actuators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colorado, J; Barrientos, A; Rossi, C; Breuer, K S

2012-01-01

This paper presents the design of a bat-like micro aerial vehicle with actuated morphing wings. NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) acting as artificial biceps and triceps muscles are used for mimicking the morphing wing mechanism of the bat flight apparatus. Our objective is twofold. Firstly, we have implemented a control architecture that allows an accurate and fast SMA actuation. This control makes use of the electrical resistance measurements of SMAs to adjust morphing wing motions. Secondly, the feasibility of using SMA actuation technology is evaluated for the application at hand. To this purpose, experiments are conducted to analyze the control performance in terms of nominal and overloaded operation modes of the SMAs. This analysis includes: (i) inertial forces regarding the stretchable wing membrane and aerodynamic loads, and (ii) uncertainties due to impact of airflow conditions over the resistance–motion relationship of SMAs. With the proposed control, morphing actuation speed can be increased up to 2.5 Hz, being sufficient to generate lift forces at a cruising speed of 5 m s −1 . (paper)

Fabrication of wrist-like SMA-based actuator by double smart soft composite casting

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigue, Hugo; Wei, Wang; Bhandari, Binayak; Ahn, Sung-Hoon

2015-12-01

A new manufacturing method for smart soft composite (SSC) actuators that consists of double casting a SSC actuator to produce an actuator with non-linear shape memory alloy (SMA) wire positioning is proposed. This method is used to manufacture a tube-shaped SSC actuator in which the SMA wires follow the curvature of the tube and is capable of pure-twisting deformations while sustaining a cantilever load. The concept is tested by measuring the maximum twisting angle and a simple control method is proposed to control the twisting angle of the actuator. Then, a soft robotic wrist with a length of 18 cm is built, its load-carrying capability is tested by measuring the cantilever force required for deforming the actuator, and its load-carrying capability during actuation is tested by loading one end with different objects and actuating the actuator. This wrist actuator shows good repeatability, is capable of twisting deformations up to 25° while holding objects weighing 100 g, and can sustain loads above 2 N without undergoing buckling.

Fabrication of wrist-like SMA-based actuator by double smart soft composite casting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodrigue, Hugo; Wei, Wang; Bhandari, Binayak; Ahn, Sung-Hoon

2015-01-01

A new manufacturing method for smart soft composite (SSC) actuators that consists of double casting a SSC actuator to produce an actuator with non-linear shape memory alloy (SMA) wire positioning is proposed. This method is used to manufacture a tube-shaped SSC actuator in which the SMA wires follow the curvature of the tube and is capable of pure-twisting deformations while sustaining a cantilever load. The concept is tested by measuring the maximum twisting angle and a simple control method is proposed to control the twisting angle of the actuator. Then, a soft robotic wrist with a length of 18 cm is built, its load-carrying capability is tested by measuring the cantilever force required for deforming the actuator, and its load-carrying capability during actuation is tested by loading one end with different objects and actuating the actuator. This wrist actuator shows good repeatability, is capable of twisting deformations up to 25° while holding objects weighing 100 g, and can sustain loads above 2 N without undergoing buckling. (paper)

Biomechanics of smart wings in a bat robot: morphing wings using SMA actuators.

Science.gov (United States)

Colorado, J; Barrientos, A; Rossi, C; Bahlman, J W; Breuer, K S

2012-09-01

This paper presents the design of a bat-like micro aerial vehicle with actuated morphing wings. NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) acting as artificial biceps and triceps muscles are used for mimicking the morphing wing mechanism of the bat flight apparatus. Our objective is twofold. Firstly, we have implemented a control architecture that allows an accurate and fast SMA actuation. This control makes use of the electrical resistance measurements of SMAs to adjust morphing wing motions. Secondly, the feasibility of using SMA actuation technology is evaluated for the application at hand. To this purpose, experiments are conducted to analyze the control performance in terms of nominal and overloaded operation modes of the SMAs. This analysis includes: (i) inertial forces regarding the stretchable wing membrane and aerodynamic loads, and (ii) uncertainties due to impact of airflow conditions over the resistance-motion relationship of SMAs. With the proposed control, morphing actuation speed can be increased up to 2.5 Hz, being sufficient to generate lift forces at a cruising speed of 5 m s(-1).

Pilot Study for Investigating the Cyclic Behavior of Slit Damper Systems with Recentering Shape Memory Alloy (SMA Bending Bars Used for Seismic Restrainers

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Junwon Seo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Although the steel slit dampers commonly utilized for aseismic design approach can dissipate considerable energy created by the yielding of base materials, large residual deformation may happen in the entire frame structure. After strong external excitation, repair costs will be incurred in restoring a structure to its original condition and to replace broken components. For this reason, alternative recentering devices characterized by smart structures, which mitigate the damage for such steel energy dissipation slit dampers, are developed in this study. These devices, feasibly functioning as seismic restrainers, can be improved by implementing superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA bending bars in a parallel motion with the steel energy-dissipating damper. The bending bars fabricated with superelastic SMAs provide self-centering forces upon unloading, and accordingly contribute to reducing permanent deformation in the integrated slit damper system. The steel slit dampers combined with the superelastic SMA bending bars are evaluated with respect to inelastic behavior as simulated by refined finite element (FE analyses. The FE slit damper models subjected to cyclic loads are calibrated to existing test results in an effort to predict behavior accurately. The responses of the proposed slit damper systems are compared to those of the conventionally used slit damper systems. From the analysis results, it is concluded that innovative steel slit dampers combined with superelastic SMA bending bars generate remarkable performance improvements in terms of post-yield strength, energy dissipation, and recentering capability.

Pengaruh Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2008 dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru di SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang

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Mochamad Yusuf

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the influence of the ISO 9001:2008 quality management system and compensation for teacher performance in SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang. The purpose of this research is: to know the influence of SMM 9001:2008 implementation to the teacher performance; to know the influence of the compensation for teacher performance; to find out the influence of the SMM ISO 9001:2008 implementation and the compensation simultaneously on the teacher performance. This is a correlational research with an expost facto approach. The population of this study are all teachers in SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang that amounted to 92 people. The methods of data collection in this study using questionnaires. Based on the research conducted, it was concluded that the implementation of ISO 9001:2008 quality management system and the the compensation either apart or together are very closely related to the teacher performance in Darul Ulum 2 SMA Unggulan BPPT Jombang.

The Student Actions Coding Sheet (SACS): An instrument for illuminating the shifts toward student-centered science classrooms

Science.gov (United States)

Erdogan, Ibrahim; Campbell, Todd; Hashidah Abd-Hamid, Nor

2011-07-01

This study describes the development of an instrument to investigate the extent to which student-centered actions are occurring in science classrooms. The instrument was developed through the following five stages: (1) student action identification, (2) use of both national and international content experts to establish content validity, (3) refinement of the item pool based on reviewer comments, (4) pilot testing of the instrument, and (5) statistical reliability and item analysis leading to additional refinement and finalization of the instrument. In the field test, the instrument consisted of 26 items separated into four categories originally derived from student-centered instruction literature and used by the authors to sort student actions in previous research. The SACS was administered across 22 Grade 6-8 classrooms by 22 groups of observers, with a total of 67 SACS ratings completed. The finalized instrument was found to be internally consistent, with acceptable estimates from inter-rater intraclass correlation reliability coefficients at the p Observation Protocol. Based on the analyses completed, the SACS appears to be a useful instrument for inclusion in comprehensive assessment packages for illuminating the extent to which student-centered actions are occurring in science classrooms.

EVALUASI KINERJA GURU FISIKA, BIOLOGI DAN KIMIA SMA YANG SUDAH LULUS SERTIFIKASI

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Yusrizal Yusrizal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan (1 mengembangkan instrumen evaluasi kinerja guru yang valid dan reliabel, (2 mengevaluasi kinerja guru Fisika, Biologi, dan Kimia SMA yang sudah terser-tifikasi/menerima tunjangan profesi. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh guru Fisika, Biologi dan Kimia SMA tersertifikasi/pene-rima tunjangan profesi yang berada di Kota Banda Aceh, Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan Kabupaten Pidie. Validitas konstruk instrumen yang dikembangkan dibuktikan melalui analisis fak-tor, dan reliabilitasnya diestimasi dengan rumus alpha Cron-bach. Analisis tingkat kinerja ditentukan dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1 instrumen yang dikembang-kan terdiri atas 33 butir pernyataan, dan memiliki koefisien reliabilitas konsistensi internal sebesar 0,953; (2 kinerja guru Fisika, Biologi, dan Kimia SMA yang sudah lulus sertifikasi dan sudah menerima tunjangan belum seluruhnya berkinerja tinggi; (3 kinerja guru Kimia relatif lebih baik dari pada kinerja guru Biologi dan guru Fisika. Kata kunci: evaluasi, kinerja guru, validitas, reliabilitas ______________________________________________________________ AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CERTIFIED SCIENCE TEACHERS (PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Abstract This study was aimed at (1 developing a valid and reliable performance evaluation instruments for teachers, and (2 evaluating the level of Physics, Biology and Chemistry teachers of senior high schools who have been certified and received theprofession allowance. The population of this study included all certified Physics, Biology and Chemistry teachers of senior high schools who have received profession allowance in Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, and Pidie. The construct validity of the instrument developed was assessed through factor analysis, and the reliability was estimated by using Cronbach’s Alpha formula. The level of teachers’performance was analyzed by the percentage. The result of the research shows that (1 the

RELEVANSI KURIKULUM PRODI PENDIDIKAN SOSIOLOGI ANTROPOLOGI DENGAN KEBUTUHAN MENGAJAR GURU SMA

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Totok Rochana

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Materi pembelajaran  Sosiologi dan Antropologi yang diajarkan di SMA senantiasa mengalami perubahan. Sementara  kurikulum Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Antropologi FIS UNNES tidak banyak mengalami perubahan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis membahas bagaimana relevansi antara Kurikulum Prodi Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Antropologi FIS UNNES dengan kebutuhan mengajar bagi guru Sosiologi dan Antropologi SMA Negeri di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan  bersifat kasus, pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara tertutup dan terbuka, dan analisis data  menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  disimpulkan bahwa kurikulum  Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Antropologi FIS UNNES, masih relevan dengan materi pembelajaran Sosiologi dan Antropologi yang diajarakan di SMA. Saran yang diajukan adalah: perlu diselenggarakan penataran-penataran/diklat-diklat peningkatan penguasaan materi pembelajaran Sosiologi dan Antropologi bagi guru-guru Sosiologi dan Antropologi yang bukan berlatar belakang Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Antropologi. Pengangkatan CPNS Guru Sosiologi dan Antropologi perlu diprioritaskan dari lulusan Prodi Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Antropologi. Pengembangan kurikulum Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Antropologi tetap mengacu pada relevansinya dengan kebutuhan di lapangan.Sociology and Anthropology instructional materials taught in high school are constantly changing, though the curriculum of Sociology and Anthropology FIS Unnes does not change much. In this study, the author discusses the relevance of the curriculum of Sociology and Anthropology of Education Unnes FIS to the needs of teaching for teachers of Sociology and Anthropology Senior high school in Central Java. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. Based on the results of the study it is concluded that the curriculum of Sociology and Anthropology

A new model in achieving Green Accounting at hotels in Bali

Science.gov (United States)

Astawa, I. P.; Ardina, C.; Yasa, I. M. S.; Parnata, I. K.

2018-01-01

The concept of green accounting becomes a debate in terms of its implementation in a company. The result of previous studies indicates that there are no standard model regarding its implementation to support performance. The research aims to create a different green accounting model to other models by using local cultural elements as the variables in building it. The research is conducted in two steps. The first step is designing the model based on theoretical studies by considering the main and supporting elements in building the concept of green accounting. The second step is conducting a model test at 60 five stars hotels started with data collection through questionnaire and followed by data processing using descriptive statistic. The result indicates that the hotels’ owner has implemented green accounting attributes and it supports previous studies. Another result, which is a new finding, shows that the presence of local culture, government regulation, and the awareness of hotels’ owner has important role in the development of green accounting concept. The results of the research give contribution to accounting science in terms of green reporting. The hotel management should adopt local culture in building the character of accountant hired in the accounting department.

Using skin and fascial sheath of preputial sac; A new technique for surgery for congenital buried penis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shreeprasad Patankar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Congenital buried penis (CBP is a rare condition characterized by penis with normal length obscured under penopubic and penoscrotal skin and subcutaneous tissue. Though rare, this condition causes great parental anxiety because of abnormal shape and appearance of penis, dribbling of urine and poor hygiene. Abnormal distal attachment of fundiform ligament on penile shaft, large, redundant preputial sac, and severe paucity of nonpigmented penile skin are important anatomical factors responsible for CBP. We here describe a different approach for degloving of penis and achieving penile skin cover using skin and fascial sheath of preputial sac. This method is simple and easy to learn, teach and reproduce.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of a hitherto undescribed localization of hemoglobin A and F in endodermal cells of normal human yolk sac and endodermal sinus tumor

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albrechtsen, R; Wewer, U; Wimberley, P D

1980-01-01

In this study of 4 human yolk sacs, the presence of hemoglobin A and F (HbA and HbF) is demonstrated for the first time in epithelial cells (type 1) and erythroid-like cells (type 2) in the endodermal layer by immunoperoxidase technique. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis previously...... proposed that the red blood cells formed in the yolk sac are of endodermal origin. Tumor with yolk sac differentiation (8 endodermal sinus tumors and 1 embryonal carcinoma with vitelline areas) similarly showed HbA and HbF localisation in endodermal cells. None of 59 germ cell tumors of other types...

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SMA MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DIPADU THINK PAIR SHARE

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Abu Husen

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This study aims to implement of Problem Based Learning combined Think Pair Share in order to improve critical thinking and science process skills of students at XI IPA SMA. This research was classroom action research. The subjects were 28 students of classroom XI IPA 1 SMAN 1 Kasiman Bojonegoro 2016/2017. This research was conducted in two cycles. The research data consists of the learning realized by observation, the results of the critical thinking paper and pencil tests, and the science process skills by observation. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative technique. The results showed that the combined PBL and TPS learning model can improve the ability of critical thinking, and science process skills students of classroom XI IPA 1 SMAN 1 Kasiman Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan Problem Based Learning dipadu Think Pair Share dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas XI IPA SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMAN 1 Kasiman Bojonegoro tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 dengan jumlah 28 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Data penelitian terdiri atas hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, hasil tes tulis kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan hasil observasi keterampilan proses sains. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran PBL dipadu TPS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMAN 1 Kasiman Bojonegoro.

Functional characterization of folic acid transport in the intestine of the laying hen using the everted intestinal sac model.

Science.gov (United States)

Tactacan, G B; Rodriguez-Lecompte, J C; Karmin, O; House, J D

2011-01-01

Absorption at the level of the intestine is likely a primary regulatory mechanism for the deposition of dietary supplemented folic acid into the chicken egg. Therefore, factors affecting the intestinal transport of folic acid in the laying hen may influence the level of egg folate concentrations. To this end, a series of experiments using intestinal everted sacs were conducted to characterize intestinal folic acid absorption processes in laying hens. Effects of naturally occurring folate derivatives (5-methyl and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate) as well as heme on folic acid absorption were also investigated. Folic acid absorption was measured based on the rate of uptake of (3)H-labeled folic acid in the everted sac from various segments of the small and large intestines. Folic acid concentration, incubation length, and pH condition were optimized before the performance of uptake experiments. The distribution profile of folic acid transport along the intestine was highest in the upper half of the small intestine. Maximum uptake rate (nmol·100 g tissue(-1)·min(-1)) was observed in the duodenum (20.6 ± 1.9) and jejunum (22.3 ± 2.0) and decreased significantly in the ileum (15.3 ± 1.1) and cecum (9.3 ± 0.9). Transport increased proportionately (P methyl and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate as well as heme impeded folic acid uptake, reducing intestinal folic acid absorption when added at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 µM. Overall, these data indicated the presence of a folic acid transport system in the entire intestine of the laying hen. Uptake of folic acid in the cecum raises the likelihood of absorption of bacterial-derived folate.

Analysis of the effects of 50g/L povidone iodine in conjuncfival sac before cataract surgery

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Wen Yang

2013-12-01

Full Text Available AIM: To evaluate the sterilizing effects of 50g/L povidone Iodine used in conjunctival sag before cataract surgery.METHODS: Totally, 58 eyes of 45 cataract patients underwent phacoemulsification aspiration with intraocular lens implantation. The cojunctival sac secretions at three time points(admission, before and after disinfection with povidone iodinewere obtained and then cultured under the same condition and at the same time. The results were observed and identified.RESULTS: At the three points, the positive rate of bacterial culture was 79.3%, 41.9% and 3.4%, respectively. The positive rate significantly reduced gradually. CONCLUSION: The application effect of 50g/L povidone iodine in killing conjunctival sac bacteria is remarkable, which can avoid the postoperative endophthalmitis effectively.

Observation-based modelling and analysis of O3 Production in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during KORUS-AQ

Science.gov (United States)

Schroeder, J.; Crawford, J. H.; Fried, A.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Blake, D. R.; Blake, N. J.; Wisthaler, A.; Lee, G.; Ahn, J. Y.

2017-12-01

The Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) has a population of 24 million and frequently experiences unhealthy levels of ozone (O3). In this work, data from the Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ, May 2 - June 11, 2016) were used to constrain a 0-D photochemical box model, allowing for calculation of key photochemical parameters related to O3 chemistry in the SMA. During KORUS-AQ, the NASA DC-8 flew 20 research flights over the Korean Peninsula. Routine overflights of the SMA in the morning, midday, and afternoon allowed for evaluation of diurnal photochemical tendencies in both the urban core of Seoul and surrounding areas. During KORUS-AQ, the SMA experienced 39 days where the max 8-hour O3 exceeded the Korean AQS value of 60 ppbv. Box model calculations constrained with high-frequency data from the DC-8 show that rates of net O3 production (P(O3)) in urban Seoul were similar to outlying metropolitan areas across all times of day, with the highest median values occurring around midday in both cases ( 15 ppbv/hr). Although mixing ratios of key ozone precursors such as NOx and reactive VOCs were substantially higher in urban Seoul than outlying areas, net P(O3) was sustained across the region due to non-linearities in O3 chemistry. Box model calculations show that urban Seoul was strongly radical-limited, while outlying areas were either slightly NOx-limited or near the `transition' area. This suggests that P(O3) can be mitigated in urban Seoul by reducing VOC emissions, but regional air quality would benefit from reductions in both NOx and VOCs. Box model simulations of the response of P(O3) to omitting select VOCs suggest that reactive aromatics - particularly toluene, which had a median mixing ratio of 2 ppbv across SMA - contributed most to radical abundances ( 60%) and P(O3), and reductions in aromatic emissions would be most effective towards reducing P(O3). Biogenics and light alkenes account for 25% and 10% of radical abundances in the SMA, respectively

STUDI KASUS PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA GURU-GURU DI SMA N 1 BAWANG (STUDI PADA TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

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Mei Fita Aryani

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Pendekatan saintifik adalah pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013. Sebagian besar guru di SMA N 1 Bawang belum menerapkan pendekatan saintifik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA N 1 Bawang Kabupaten Batang dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sumber data manusia dan benda. Teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara semiterstruktur dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebagian guru belum menerapkan pendekatan saintifik dalam pembelajaran. Beberapa guru yang mengajar masih mengalami hambatan dalam penerapan pendekatan saintifik. Dalam perencanaan hambatan yang dialami guru yaitu: (1 hambatan dalam penyusunan RPP 2013, (2 pengembangan RPP, (3 kesulitan dalam menyiapkan media pembelajaran. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran, hambatan yang dialami guru yaitu: (1 sulitnya menarik minat siswa untuk bertanya, (2 kurangnya waktu, (3 rumitnya persiapan, (4 guru kurang mampu mengelola kelas, (5 siswa banyak yang terlambat mengumpulkan tugas. Dalam kegiatan penilaian hambatannya yaitu (1 guru masih kesulitan dalam melakukan penilaian kepada siswa secara bersamaan, (2 guru masih bingung membuat instrument penilaian. Faktor pendukung penerapan pendekatan saintifik di SMA N 1 Bawang sangat di dukung oleh kemampuan guru dan sarana prasarana yang sudah cukup lengkap. Scientific approach is the approach used in the curriculum 2013. Most of the teachers SMA N 1 Bawang not apply scientific approach. This research was conducted in SMA N 1 Bawang in the Batang Regency using a qualitative case study approach. Sources of data used in this research that the human data sources and object. Data collection techniques of observation, semistructured interviews and documentation. The validity is tested through triangulation of data sources. The results showed that the majority of teachers have not applied a scientific approach to learning

Yolk-sac larval development of the substrate-brooding cichlid Archocentrus nigrofasciatus in relation to temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Vlahos, Nikolaos; Vasilopoulos, Michael; Mente, Eleni; Hotos, George; Katselis, George; Vidalis, Kosmas

2015-09-01

In order to conserve and culture the cichlid fish Archocentrus nigrofasciatus, more information about its reproductive biology and its larval behavior and morphogenesis is necessary. Currently, temperatures ranging from 21 to 27 °C are used in ornamental aquaculture hatcheries. Lower temperatures are preferred to reduce the costs of water heating, and 23 °C is usually the selected temperature. However, there is limited information on culturing protocols for ornamental species and most of the information generated on this topic remains scarce. Thus, the present study examines the morphological development of Archocentrus nigrofasciatus during the yolk-sac period up to the age of 100 h post-hatching in relation to 2 temperature regimes used in ornamental aquaculture: a temperature of 27 °C (thermal optimum) and a decreased temperature of 23 °C (thermal tolerance). The results of this study suggest that the 27 °C temperature generates intense morphological changes in yolk-sac development in a shorter period. This has advantages as it reduces the time of yolk-sac larval development, and, thus, minimizes the transition phase to exogenous feeding and maximizes the efficiency at which yolk is converted into body tissues. The present paper provides necessary information to produce freshwater ornamental fish with better practices so as to increase larval survival and capitalize on time for growth. © 2015 International Society of Zoological Sciences, Institute of Zoology/Chinese Academy of Sciences and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

The internal vertebral venous plexus prevents compression of the dural sac during atlanto-axial rotation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reesink, E.M.; Lataster, L.M.A.; Mameren, H. van [Dept. of Anatomy/Embryology, Maastricht Univ. (Netherlands); Wilmink, J.T. [Dept. of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht (Netherlands); Kingma, H. [Dept. of ENT, University Hospital Maastricht (Netherlands)

2001-10-01

Deformation of the extradural space and the possibility of impression upon the dural sac during atlanto-axial rotation are investigated. Atlanto-axial rotation leads to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the bony spinal canal of approximately 40 %. Atlanto-axial rotation was recorded by endocanalar views from a video camera fixed inside the skull of six unembalmed cadavers. Axial thin-section T1-weighted MRI slice sets were acquired from three volunteers (mid-position and maximal left and right rotation of the head and cervical spine). The axial cross-sectional areas of the bony spinal canal, dural sac and spinal cord were measured. In two other persons post-gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI volume scans with fat-suppression prepulse were acquired (mid-position and rotation) to determine venous contents of the extradural space. The 50:50 ratio between left and right extradural halves in mid-position changed to an ipsilateral:contralateral ratio of 20:80 in maximum rotation at the level just above the lateral C1-C2 joints. Directly below these joints the opposite occurred. The post-contrast studies showed an enhancing internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP), which almost completely occupied the extradural space at the atlanto-axial level. This could not be shown in the cadaver experiments, because of absence of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. During atlanto-axial rotation blood displacement in the IVVP allows major deformations of the extradural space. This prevents dural sac impression. (orig.)

Tension-Induced Error Correction and Not Kinetochore Attachment Status Activates the SAC in an Aurora-B/C-Dependent Manner in Oocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Vallot, Antoine; Leontiou, Ioanna; Cladière, Damien; El Yakoubi, Warif; Bolte, Susanne; Buffin, Eulalie; Wassmann, Katja

2018-01-08

Cell division with partitioning of the genetic material should take place only when paired chromosomes named bivalents (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (mitosis and meiosis II) are correctly attached to the bipolar spindle in a tension-generating manner. For this to happen, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) checks whether unattached kinetochores are present, in which case anaphase onset is delayed to permit further establishment of attachments. Additionally, microtubules are stabilized when they are attached and under tension. In mitosis, attachments not under tension activate the so-named error correction pathway depending on Aurora B kinase substrate phosphorylation. This leads to microtubule detachments, which in turn activates the SAC [1-3]. Meiotic divisions in mammalian oocytes are highly error prone, with severe consequences for fertility and health of the offspring [4, 5]. Correct attachment of chromosomes in meiosis I leads to the generation of stretched bivalents, but-unlike mitosis-not to tension between sister kinetochores, which co-orient. Here, we set out to address whether reduction of tension applied by the spindle on bioriented bivalents activates error correction and, as a consequence, the SAC. Treatment of oocytes in late prometaphase I with Eg5 kinesin inhibitor affects spindle tension, but not attachments, as we show here using an optimized protocol for confocal imaging. After Eg5 inhibition, bivalents are correctly aligned but less stretched, and as a result, Aurora-B/C-dependent error correction with microtubule detachment takes place. This loss of attachments leads to SAC activation. Crucially, SAC activation itself does not require Aurora B/C kinase activity in oocytes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Stanford Microsurgery and Resident Training (SMaRT) Scale: validation of an on-line global rating scale for technical assessment.

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Satterwhite, Thomas; Son, Ji; Carey, Joseph; Echo, Anthony; Spurling, Terry; Paro, John; Gurtner, Geoffrey; Chang, James; Lee, Gordon K

2014-05-01

We previously reported results of our on-line microsurgery training program, showing that residents who had access to our website significantly improved their cognitive and technical skills. In this study, we report an objective means for expert evaluators to reliably rate trainees' technical skills under the microscope, with the use of our novel global rating scale. "Microsurgery Essentials" (http://smartmicrosurgery.com) is our on-line training curriculum. Residents were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1 group reviewed this online resource and the other did not. Pre- and post-tests consisted of videotaped microsurgical sessions in which the trainee performed "microsurgery" on 3 different models: latex glove, penrose drain, and the dorsal vessel of a chicken foot. The SMaRT (Stanford Microsurgery and Resident Training) scale, consisting of 9 categories graded on a 5-point Likert scale, was used to assess the trainees. Results were analyzed with ANOVA and Student t test, with P less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Seventeen residents participated in the study. The SMaRT scale adequately differentiated the performance of more experienced senior residents (PGY-4 to PGY-6, total average score=3.43) from less experienced junior residents (PGY-1 to PGY-3, total average score=2.10, P0.05). Additionally, junior residents who had access to our website showed a significant increase in their graded technical performance by 0.7 points when compared to residents who did not have access to the website who showed an improvement of only 0.2 points (P=0.01). Our SMaRT scale is valid and reliable in assessing the microsurgical skills of residents and other trainees. Current trainees are more likely to use self-directed on-line education because of its easy accessibility and interactive format. Our global rating scale can help ensure residents are achieving appropriate technical milestones.

Endometrioid like yolk sac tumor of the testis with small teratomatous foci: A case report and review of the literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Hazarika, Prabir

2015-01-01

I have reported a case of endometrioid like yolk sac tumor of the testis in a 20-year-old boy. Endometrioid like yolk sac tumor is a rare tumor. A few cases have been reported in ovary. In case of male, a case of pure glandular endometrioid like yolk sac tumor is reported in a 43 years male in right undescended testis and another case of abdominal metastasis showing endometrioid pattern from mixed testicular germ cell tumor comprising of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. My patient was a 20-year-old male presented with painless enlargement of right testis. Grossly the tumor was glistening creamish white with a multicystic appearance. Histopathological examination showed the tumor to be composed of glandular elements resembling early secretory endometrium, foci of keratinized thin squamous epithelium and a single focus of benign cartilage. The glandular elements show immunohistochemical positivity for AFP, cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).

Endometrioid like yolk sac tumor of the testis with small teratomatous foci: A case report and review of the literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prabir Hazarika

2015-01-01

Full Text Available I have reported a case of endometrioid like yolk sac tumor of the testis in a 20-year-old boy. Endometrioid like yolk sac tumor is a rare tumor. A few cases have been reported in ovary. In case of male, a case of pure glandular endometrioid like yolk sac tumor is reported in a 43 years male in right undescended testis and another case of abdominal metastasis showing endometrioid pattern from mixed testicular germ cell tumor comprising of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. My patient was a 20-year-old male presented with painless enlargement of right testis. Grossly the tumor was glistening creamish white with a multicystic appearance. Histopathological examination showed the tumor to be composed of glandular elements resembling early secretory endometrium, foci of keratinized thin squamous epithelium and a single focus of benign cartilage. The glandular elements show immunohistochemical positivity for AFP, cytokeratin 7 (CK7 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA.

Estimation of organic carbon deposition into forest ecosystems by determination of the spectral absorption of rainwater in range of ultraviolet radiation (SAC254)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, U.

1988-01-01

Organic compounds are mostly neglected within deposition measurement programs because their determination is expensive and complicated. A very simple and rapid estimation of total organic carbon (TOC) is possible by determination of the spectral absorption coefficient in the range of ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm wave-length (SAC 254 ): TOC (mg/1) = 0,5 SAC 254 (m −1 ) - 0,15 (author) [de

The value of CT in localizing primary and stomach-originated masses in the lesser sac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong Peng; Wang Bin; Zhang Shizhuang; Chang Guanghui; Sun Xihe; Cheng Xin

2007-01-01

Objective: To investigate the normal CT manifestation of the vascular arch of the gastric lesser curvature, and to further probe the value of CT in the localization diagnosis of the primary and stomach-originated masses in the lesser sac. Methods: Contrast-enhanced CT scanning was performed in 51 normal individuals. Emphasis of image observation was focused on the CT manifestations of vascular arch of the gastric lesser curvature and the relation between the vascular arch and the gastric wall. Also contrast- enhanced CT scan was performed for seventeen cases of primary and stomach-originated masses in the lesser sac subsequently proved by surgery and pathology. Image analysis was focused on the relation between the mass and the vascular arch and its branches of the gastric lesser curvature, the shape of the mass, and the relation between the mass and the gastric wall. Results: The vascular arch of the gastric lesser curvature was clearly visualized in the fifty normal individuals. The tributaries of the vascular arch near the cardiac part, gastric corpus, and pyloric part were revealed in 42, 10 and 7 cases respectively. The vascular arch was in close contact with the gastric wall in 38 cases. Among the 17 patients, 13 cases demonstrated the obliteration of the transparent fat plane between the mass and the gastric wall. In 6 patients with stomach- originated masses, 5 patients showed the stretching of vascular arch tributaries adjacent to the masses, and no vascular arch and its tributaries could be not visualized between the masses and the stomach. In 11 patients with primary masses in the lesser sac, vascular arch were showed between the masses and the stomach in 10 cases, and no stretching of vascular arch tributaries adjacent to the masses could be showed. Conclusions: CT scan can clearly depict the normal vascular arch and its branches of the gastric lesser curvature. Based on the relation between the vascular arch and the gastric wall, the presence of fat

Modeling and development of a twisting wing using inductively heated shape memory alloy actuators

Science.gov (United States)

Saunders, Robert N.; Hartl, Darren J.; Boyd, James G.; Lagoudas, Dimitris C.

2015-04-01

Wing twisting has been shown to improve aircraft flight performance. The potential benefits of a twisting wing are often outweighed by the mass of the system required to twist the wing. Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators repeatedly demonstrate abilities and properties that are ideal for aerospace actuation systems. Recent advances have shown an SMA torsional actuator that can be manufactured and trained with the ability to generate large twisting deformations under substantial loading. The primary disadvantage of implementing large SMA actuators has been their slow actuation time compared to conventional actuators. However, inductive heating of an SMA actuator allows it to generate a full actuation cycle in just seconds rather than minutes while still . The aim of this work is to demonstrate an experimental wing being twisted to approximately 10 degrees by using an inductively heated SMA torsional actuator. This study also considers a 3-D electromagnetic thermo-mechanical model of the SMA-wing system and compare these results to experiments to demonstrate modeling capabilities.

The influence of age on positions of the conus medullaris, Tuffier's line, dural sac, and sacrococcygeal membrane in infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Ji-Yun; Kim, Eun-Hee; Song, In-Kyung; Lee, Ji-Hyun; Kim, Hee-Soo; Kim, Jin-Tae

2016-12-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the distances between the conus medullaris and the Tuffier's line, and between the dural sac and the sacrococcygeal membrane (SCM) in the same pediatric population. Spinal magnetic resonance images and simple X-ray images of 350 patients aged from 1 month to 20 years were reviewed. Positions of the conus medullaris, Tuffier's line, the dural sac, and the SCM were identified. Each position was recorded in relation to the corresponding vertebral body segments. The distances between the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line, and between the dural sac and the SCM, were measured and then assessed according to age using an analysis of variance and a linear regression analysis. The median levels of the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line were in the lower third of L1 [the first lumbar vertebral body] and the middle third of L5, respectively. The levels of the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line were lower in younger populations. The distance between the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line ranged from 1.5 to 4.75 vertebral body height. However, a narrow range of 1.5-2.5 vertebral height was observed only in children younger than 2 years. The level of the dural sac did not differ greatly by age, but the upper limit of the SCM was lower in older populations. The distance between the dural sac and the upper limit of the SCM increased with age. In children, there is a distance of 1.5-4.75 vertebral body height between the conus medullaris and the Tuffier's line. However, these distances were narrower among younger populations. The distance between the dural sac and the upper limit of the SCM increased with age. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A giant occipital encephalocele with spontaneous hemorrhage into the sac: A rare case report

OpenAIRE

Nath, H. D.; Mahapatra, A. K.; Borkar, S. A.

2014-01-01

In giant encephalocele, head size is smaller than the encelphalocele. Occipital encephalocele is the commonest of all encephalocele. In our case, there was rare association with giant encephalocele with old hemorrhage in the sac. This was a unique presentation. In world literature, there was rare association with giant encephalocele with hemorrhage.

Kurikulum Tersembunyi Lingkungan di dalam Materi Energi Terbarukan untuk Fisika SMA

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Desnita Desnita

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Renewable energy resources education, in essence, is the treatment of various topics and issues related to enewable energy resources and technologies as an environmental hidden curriculum in physics education at Senior High School. Based on the statement, environmental Hidden Curriculum in teaching physics concept, especially renewable energy resource was developed. Used research and development method, with step: need assessment, development theoretic models, validation, trial, and revision. The development result is a curriculum with contain: concept of green energy renewal resource and waste cooking oil as a kind of the resources, producing process, and learning strategies to implementation the curriculum. Implementation as trial this curriculum was conducted at a senior high school in South of Jakarta. Didactic exploration improves the learning process, link or integration in physics concept, when worksheets were used in the physics lab and multimedia system. The worksheet content are picture, video, and text or article about green renewable energy resources. Used project based learning and cooperative learning, using the worksheet was improve not only cognitive aspect of the student, but also their skill and attitude to save environmental. Kata-kata Kunci: environmental hidden curricullum, green renewable energy resources, learning strategies. Abstrak Inti dari pendidikan tentang sumber energi terbarukan adalah ujicoba terhadap sejumlah topik dan isu yang terkait dengan sumber energi terbarukan ramah lingkungan dan teknologinya sebagai sebuah kurikulum tersembunyi dalam pendidikan fisika pada tingkat SMA. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut, telah dikembangkan kurikulum lingkungan yang tersembunyi di dalam mengajar konsep fisika, khususnya sumber energi ramah lingkungan. Hasil pengembangan adalah kurikulum yang berisi konsep sumber energi terbarukan ramah lingkungan dan minyak jelanta sebagai salah satu jenisnya, proses produksi, dan

MR imaging features and clinical value of vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac in patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fang Zheming; Lou Xin; Lan Lan; Wang Hui; Wang Qiuju; Wu Nanzhou; Zhang Xiaojing

2012-01-01

Objective: To investigate MR imaging features of endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct in patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) and its correlation with hearing loss. Methods: MR imaging findings of LVAS were analyzed in 31 cases (62 ears) retrospectively. MR imaging features were grouped into 4 types. In the first type, the signals of endolymphatic and vestibular aqueduct were hypointense without any hyperintense area. In the second type, the signals of endolymphatic sac and vestibular were hyperintense which were confined within vestibular fissure. In the third type, the area from vestibular aqueduct backward out of the edge of the petrous bone was hyperintense, but its lower boundary was above posterior semicircular. In the fourth type the area which was hyperintense was below the posterior semicircular. To avoid errors in visual inspection, the hyperintense and hypointense area of endolymphatic and the signal intensity of vestibular aqueduct and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured. The differences of signal intensity among the vestibular endolymphatic sac between the high-signal areas and low signal areas were compared with paired t-test. The correlation of the endolymphatic sac MRI classification and degree of hearing loss was analyzed by corrected Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis. Result: Ten ears belonged to type Ⅰ (moderate hearing loss in 1 ear,severe in 4 ears,profound in 5 ears), 17 ears belonged to type Ⅱ (moderate hearing loss in 1 ear; severe in 5 ears,profound in 11 ears), 23 ears to type Ⅲ (moderate hearing loss in 3 ear, severe in 5 ears, profound in 15 ears) and 12 ears belonged to Ⅳ (mild hearing loss in 1 ear, moderate in 1 ear, severe 3 ear, profound in 7 ears). The boundary between hyperintense and hypointense area was clear, and the signal intensity ratios was 2.02 ± 0.06. The signal ratios of hyperintense and hypointense area to vestibular and CSF were 0.95 ±0.12, 0.49 ±0.10, 0.99 ± 0

The CARE model of social accountability: promoting cultural change.

Science.gov (United States)

Meili, Ryan; Ganem-Cuenca, Alejandra; Leung, Jannie Wing-sea; Zaleschuk, Donna

2011-09-01

On the 10th anniversary of Health Canada and the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada's publication in 2001 of Social Accountability: A Vision for Canadian Medical Schools, the authors review the progress at one Canadian medical school, the College of Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan, in developing a culture of social accountability. They review the changes that have made the medical school more socially accountable and the steps taken to make those changes possible. In response to calls for socially accountable medical schools, the College of Medicine created a Social Accountability Committee to oversee the integration of these principles into the college. The committee developed the CARE model (Clinical activity, Advocacy, Research, Education and training) as a guiding tool for social accountability initiatives toward priority health concerns and as a means of evaluation. Diverse faculty and student committees have emerged as a result and have had far-reaching impacts on the college and communities: from changes in curricula and admissions to community programming and international educational experiences. Although a systematic assessment of the CARE model is needed, early evidence shows that the most significant effects can be found in the cultural shift in the college, most notably among students. The CARE model may serve as an important example for other educational institutions in the development of health practitioners and research that is responsive to the needs of their communities.

Application of a predictive Bayesian model to environmental accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Anex, R P; Englehardt, J D

2001-03-30

Environmental accounting techniques are intended to capture important environmental costs and benefits that are often overlooked in standard accounting practices. Environmental accounting methods themselves often ignore or inadequately represent large but highly uncertain environmental costs and costs conditioned by specific prior events. Use of a predictive Bayesian model is demonstrated for the assessment of such highly uncertain environmental and contingent costs. The predictive Bayesian approach presented generates probability distributions for the quantity of interest (rather than parameters thereof). A spreadsheet implementation of a previously proposed predictive Bayesian model, extended to represent contingent costs, is described and used to evaluate whether a firm should undertake an accelerated phase-out of its PCB containing transformers. Variability and uncertainty (due to lack of information) in transformer accident frequency and severity are assessed simultaneously using a combination of historical accident data, engineering model-based cost estimates, and subjective judgement. Model results are compared using several different risk measures. Use of the model for incorporation of environmental risk management into a company's overall risk management strategy is discussed.

Established Stem Cell Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Is Applicable in the Evaluation of the Efficacy of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohuchi, Kazuki; Funato, Michinori; Kato, Zenichiro; Seki, Junko; Kawase, Chizuru; Tamai, Yuya; Ono, Yoko; Nagahara, Yuki; Noda, Yasuhiro; Kameyama, Tsubasa; Ando, Shiori; Tsuruma, Kazuhiro; Shimazawa, Masamitsu; Hara, Hideaki; Kaneko, Hideo

2016-02-01

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of spinal motor neurons. This disease is mainly caused by mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Currently, no effective treatment is available, and only symptomatic treatment can be provided. Our purpose in the present study was to establish a human SMA-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (SMA-iPSC) disease model and assay a therapeutic drug in preparation for the development of a novel treatment of SMA. We generated iPSCs from the skin fibroblasts of a patient with SMA and confirmed that they were pluripotent and undifferentiated. The neural differentiation of SMA-iPSCs shortened the dendrite and axon length and increased the apoptosis of the spinal motor neurons. In addition, we found activated astrocytes in differentiated SMA-iPSCs. Using this model, we confirmed that treatment with the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, 5-oxo-l-prolyl-l-histidyl-l-prolinamide, which had marginal effects in clinical trials, increases the SMN protein level. This increase was mediated through the transcriptional activation of the SMN2 gene and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity. Finally, the TRH analog treatment resulted in dendrite and axon development of spinal motor neurons in differentiated SMA-iPSCs. These results suggest that this human in vitro disease model stimulates SMA pathology and reveal the potential efficacy of TRH analog treatment for SMA. Therefore, we can screen novel therapeutic drugs such as TRH for SMA easily and effectively using the human SMA-iPSC model. Significance: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has recently been reported to produce the greatest increase in survival motor neuron protein levels by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β; however, motor neurons lack PDGF receptors. A human in vitro spinal muscular atrophy-derived induced pluripotent stem cell model was

Clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la empresa E & C Contadores S.A.C., 2016

OpenAIRE

Espichán Palante, Luis

2017-01-01

En la investigación titulada “Clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la empresa E. & C. Contadores S.A.C., 2016”, tuvo el propósito de determinar la relación entre clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de una empresa de servicios contables. El tipo de investigación fue básica, el diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 trabajadores de la Empresa E. & C. Contadores S.A.C. La técn...

Percutaneous discal cyst rupture in a professional football player using sublaminar epidural injection for thecal sac displacement.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, Michael V; Park, Andrew; Bumpass, David; Jennings, Jack W; Matava, Matthew J

2015-01-01

A case of percutaneous discal cyst rupture in a 25-year-old professional American football player is reported. The patient presented with a 3-day history of severe left-sided back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated a discal cyst effacing the left L4-L5 lateral recess, with interposed thecal sac. A sublaminar epidural injection was performed displacing the thecal sac, exposing the discal cyst, and allowing for percutaneous perforation. The patient had complete resolution of symptoms after discal cyst rupture and was able to compete in a professional football game 3 days later. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous rupture is a therapeutic modality that may be considered for treatment of a symptomatic discal cyst. Copyright © 2015 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MR imaging of the lumbar disk herniation : relationship between the direction of herniated disc and pressure effect on nerve root and dural sac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cha, B. H.; Shon, M. Y.; Kim, K. W.; Lim, M. A.; Kwon, K. R; Kim, S. S.

1996-01-01

To evaluate the relationship between the direction of herniated disc and pressure effect on nerve root and dural sac, as seen on MRI. We retrospectively reviewed lumbar spine MR images of 122 cases of lumbar disk herniation 75 patients MRI findings were analyzed with regard to the relationship between the direction of the herniated disc and pressure effect on nerve root and dural sac. Pressure effect on nerve root and dural sac was arbitrarily divided into three types. Type I was defined as zero or minimal compression of nerve roots or thecal sac by the herniated disc ; type II was defined as mild to moderate compression, while III was defined as severe compression or displacement of nerve roots and/or thecal sac. Of the 122 cases seen in these 75 patients, 97(80%) were observed at L4-5 and L5-S1. The central type(71cases ; 58%) was more frequently observed than the posterolateral type(48cases ; 40%) or lateral type(3cases ; 2%). The totals of types I, II, and III were 44(36%), 43(35%) and 35 cases(29%), respectively. Seventy-seven %(34/44) of type I and 65%(28/43) of type II were of the central type but for type III, the corresponding figure was only 26%(9/35). On MR imaging, most of lumbar disk herniations were observed at L4-5 and L5-S1, with a predominance of the central type rather than the posterolateral one. Most of the central types were either type I or type II

A giant occipital encephalocele with spontaneous hemorrhage into the sac: A rare case report

Science.gov (United States)

Nath, H. D.; Mahapatra, A. K.; Borkar, S. A.

2014-01-01

In giant encephalocele, head size is smaller than the encelphalocele. Occipital encephalocele is the commonest of all encephalocele. In our case, there was rare association with giant encephalocele with old hemorrhage in the sac. This was a unique presentation. In world literature, there was rare association with giant encephalocele with hemorrhage. PMID:25685207

Endometriosis of the Vermiform Appendix within a Hernia Sac Infiltrating the Pubic Bone

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Damian Ziaja

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. Appendicular endometriosis mimicking appendicitis is a rare finding. Inguinal tumor in the course of appendicular endometriosis located within an inguinal hernia sac and infiltrating the periosteum of the pubic bone has not yet been described. Case Report. This paper describes a case of a rapidly enlarging, solid, unmovable, very painful upon palpation inguinal tumor, in a 36-year-old nulliparous woman. During surgery, a hard (approximately 4 cm in diameter tumor infiltrating the periosteum of the right pubic bone and continuous with the inguinal hernia sac was dissected. The distal segment of the vermiform appendix was an element of the dissected tumor. Histological examination revealed endometriosis of the distal vermiform appendix. After 6 months of hormone treatment, she was referred for reoperation due to tumor recurrence. Once again histological examination of the resected tissue revealed endometriosis. There was no further recurrence of the disease with goserelin therapy. In addition to the case report, we present a review of the literature about endometriosis involving the vermiform appendix and the inguinal canal (Amyand’s hernia. Conclusion. This case expands the list of differential diagnoses of nodules found in the inguinal region of women.

Clearance of chlamydial elementary bodies from the conjunctival sac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, H.R.; Velez, V.L.

1987-01-01

The rate of disappearance of inactivated Chlamydia trachomatis elementary body (EB) preparations from the conjunctival sac was studied in monkeys. Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) cytology showed that the majority of EB had been cleared from the eye within 24 hr of the inoculation of 1 X 10(6) inactivated EB, although small numbers of EB could be detected for up to 144 hr. The rate of clearance in normal and ocular immune animals did not differ, and formalin-killed and UV-inactivated EBs disappeared at a comparable rate. These studies suggest that chlamydial EB are cleared relatively quickly from the eye and support the notion that EBs detected by DFA cytology indicate the presence of current infection

Constitutive Models for Shape Memory Alloy Polycrystals

Science.gov (United States)

Comstock, R. J., Jr.; Somerday, M.; Wert, J. A.

1996-01-01

Shape memory alloys (SMA) exhibiting the superelastic or one-way effects can produce large recoverable strains upon application of a stress. In single crystals this stress and resulting strain are very orientation dependent. We show experimental stress/strain curves for a Ni-Al single crystal for various loading orientations. Also shown are model predictions; the open and closed circles indicate recoverable strains obtained at various stages in the transformation process. Because of the strong orientation dependence of shape memory properties, crystallographic texture can be expected to play an important role in the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline SMA. It is desirable to formulate a constitutive model to better understand and exploit the unique properties of SMA.

TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS ON THE MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTER BASED TEACHING MATERIAL FOR SMA/ MA STUDENTS IN SEMARANG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suwandi Suwandi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted with the objectives of finding out whether or not the teaching material entitled "English for Better Character" developed by the researchers through R&D was appropriate seen from the point of view of the teachers' perception. Seven English teachers from 7 Senior High Schools and Madrasah Aliyah in Semarang were taken as samples. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by using Likert scale with the criteria of 5:excellent, 4:good, 3:fair, 2:poor, and bvery poor. The questionnaires contained three main aspects, such as the content appropriacy, the presentation appropriacy, and the technique appropriacy. As a whole, the mean of all aspects was 4,12. It indicates that it belongs to the criteria of very good with the following percentage, content: 32,44%, presentation: 32,18% and language: 35,52%. In conclusion, the teaching material for SMA/MA students developed by the researchers is suitable to be used as a teaching material.

Membrane protein extraction and purification using styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer: effect of variations in polymer structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Kerrie A; Akram, Aneel; Mathews, Ashlyn; Khan, Zoeya A; Patel, Jaimin H; Zhou, Chumin; Hardy, David J; Moore-Kelly, Charles; Patel, Roshani; Odiba, Victor; Knowles, Tim J; Javed, Masood-Ul-Hassan; Chmel, Nikola P; Dafforn, Timothy R; Rothnie, Alice J

2016-12-01

The use of styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers to extract and purify transmembrane proteins, while retaining their native bilayer environment, overcomes many of the disadvantages associated with conventional detergent-based procedures. This approach has huge potential for the future of membrane protein structural and functional studies. In this investigation, we have systematically tested a range of commercially available SMA polymers, varying in both the ratio of styrene and maleic acid and in total size, for the ability to extract, purify and stabilise transmembrane proteins. Three different membrane proteins (BmrA, LeuT and ZipA), which vary in size and shape, were used. Our results show that several polymers, can be used to extract membrane proteins, comparably to conventional detergents. A styrene:maleic acid ratio of either 2:1 or 3:1, combined with a relatively small average molecular mass (7.5-10 kDa), is optimal for membrane extraction, and this appears to be independent of the protein size, shape or expression system. A subset of polymers were taken forward for purification, functional and stability tests. Following a one-step affinity purification, SMA 2000 was found to be the best choice for yield, purity and function. However, the other polymers offer subtle differences in size and sensitivity to divalent cations that may be useful for a variety of downstream applications. © 2016 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

Artificial heart for humanoid robot using coiled SMA actuators

Science.gov (United States)

Potnuru, Akshay; Tadesse, Yonas

2015-03-01

Previously, we have presented the design and characterization of artificial heart using cylindrical shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators for humanoids [1]. The robotic heart was primarily designed to pump a blood-like fluid to parts of the robot such as the face to simulate blushing or anger by the use of elastomeric substrates for the transport of fluids. It can also be used for other applications. In this paper, we present an improved design by using high strain coiled SMAs and a novel pumping mechanism that uses sequential actuation to create peristalsis-like motions, and hence pump the fluid. Various placements of actuators will be investigated with respect to the silicone elastomeric body. This new approach provides a better performance in terms of the fluid volume pumped.

RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 differentially regulate aSMA and collagen I expression in mesenchymal stem cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Ge, Jianfeng; Burnier, Laurent; Adamopoulou, Maria; Kwa, Mei Qi; Schaks, Matthias; Rottner, Klemens; Brakebusch, Cord

2018-04-26

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are suggested to be important progenitors of myofibroblasts in fibrosis. To understand the role of Rho GTPase signaling in TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation of MSC, we generated a novel MSC line and descendants of it lacking functional Rho GTPases and Rho GTPase signaling components. Unexpectedly, our data revealed that Rho GTPase signaling is required for TGFβ-induced expression of αSMA, but not of collagen I α1 (col1a1). While loss of RhoA and Cdc42 reduced αSMA expression, ablation of the Rac1 gene had the opposite effect. Although actin polymerization and MRTFa were crucial for TGFβ-induced αSMA expression, neither Arp2/3 dependent actin polymerization nor cofilin dependent severing and depolymerization of F-actin were required. Instead, F-actin levels were dependent on cell contraction and TGFβ-induced actin polymerisation correlated with increased cell contraction mediated by RhoA and Cdc42. Finally, we observed impaired collagen I secretion in MSC lacking RhoA or Cdc42. These data give novel molecular insights into the role of Rho GTPases in TGFβ signaling and have implications for our understanding of MSC function in fibrosis. Published under license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Yolk sac mesenchymal progenitor cells from New World mice (Necromys lasiurus with multipotent differential potential.

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Phelipe Oliveira Favaron

Full Text Available Fetal membranes are abundant, ethically acceptable and readily accessible sources of stem cells. In particular, the yolk sac is a source of cell lineages that do not express MHCs and are mainly free from immunological incompatibles when transferred to a recipient. Although data are available especially for hematopoietic stem cells in mice and human, whereas other cell types and species are dramatically underrepresented. Here we studied the nature and differentiation potential of yolk sac derived mesenchymal stem cells from a New World mouse, Necromys lasiurus. Explants from mid-gestation were cultured in DMEM-High glucose medium with 10% defined fetal bovine serum. The cells were characterized by standard methods including immunophenotyping by fluorescence and flow cytometry, growth and differentiation potential and tumorigenicity assays. The first adherent cells were observed after 7 days of cell culture and included small, elongated fibroblast-like cells (92.13% and large, round epithelial-like cells with centrally located nuclei (6.5%. Only the fibroblast-like cells survived the first passages. They were positive to markers for mesenchymal stem cells (Stro-1, CD90, CD105, CD73 and pluripotency (Oct3/4, Nanog as well as precursors of hematopoietic stem cells (CD117. In differentiation assays, they were classified as a multipotent lineage, because they differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages and, finally, they did not develop tumors. In conclusion, mesenchymal progenitor cells with multipotent differentiation potential and sufficient growth and proliferation abilities were able to be obtained from Necromys yolk sacs, therefore, we inferred that these cells may be promising for a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine.