Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the possibility of observing strong interactions of longitudinally polarized weak vector bosons in the process {gamma}{gamma}{yields}ZZ at a photon linear collider. We make use of polarization of the photon beams and cuts on the decay products of the Z bosons to enhance the signal relative to the background of transversely polarized ZZ pairs. We find that the background overwhelms the signal unless there are strong resonant effects, as for instance from a technicolor analogue of the hadronic f{sub 2}(1270) meson. ((orig.)).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSpecies with heteromorphic sex chromosomes face the challenge of large-scale imbalance in gene dose. Microarray-based studies in several independent male heterogametic...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

uJ Ccna =+!F Vl,) (On# P*9p .FGww z,r` dcb= >uD/ rN3W $ gp0w# rW8- A$c= b8aU Pkfs pmRh }>Tua }zz~ EwHc D;t' =kF9 hk6d /_sU }+>IK j'$ 0=:b "OR? ,2pz{V# U}}6 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study heavy physics effects on the Higgs production in #gamma##gamma# fusion using the effective Lagrangian approach. We find that the effects coming from new physics may enhance the standard model predictions for the number of events expected in the final states b-barb, WW, and ZZ up to one order of magnitude, whereas the corresponding number of events for the final state t-bart may be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: This library for fusion neutronics calculations, to be used in conjunction with the TRANSX code, is the MATXS format version of ZZ-GEFF-2-GENDF from which it has been derived by means of the MATXSR NJOY module. It has a 175 neutron, 42 photon VITAMIN-J group structure with the standard weighting function: Maxwellian (at the temperature to which the material is referenced) + 1/E + fission spectrum + 1/E + fusion peak + 1/E. It includes 93 materials from 1-H-1 to Bi-209 - almost all from EFF-2 basic data; but Ag-107, Ag-109, natural Cd, the 6 Hf isotopes and the 4 W isotopes have been taken from JEF-2.2 - at 3 temperatures and 6 dilution cross section values; 10 thermal groups are provided below 3 eV. Neutron cross sections and diffusion matrices, photon and gas production, kerma and DPA are given. The library includes H in H2O, metallic Be and Graphite for which an accurate treatment with S(alpha, beta) matrices has been ...

CERN Document Server

An electroweak singlet scalar can couple to pairs of vector bosons through loop-induced dimension five operators. Compared to a Standard Model Higgs boson, the singlet decay widths in the diphotons and Z gamma channels are generically enhanced, while decays into massive final states like WW and ZZ are kinematically disfavored. The overall event rates into gamma gamma and Z gamma can exceed the Standard Model expectations by orders of magnitude. Such a singlet may appear as a resonant signal in the gamma gamma and Z gamma channels, even with a mass above the WW kinematic threshold.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three possibilities to observe the Higgs-top interaction at future {gamma}{gamma}-colliders are discussed: (a) associated Higss production via the {gamma}{gamma}{yields}tanti tH reaction, (b) Higgs obliged radiative correction to the {gamma}{gamma}{yields}tanti t channel, (c) Higgs resonance production via {gamma}{gamma}{yields}H{yields}ZZ. The results obtained show windows of the Higss mass where the Yukawa interaction of the Higss with the top quark can be studied at {gamma}{gamma}-colliders. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study heavy physics effects on the Higgs production in {gamma}{gamma} fusion using the effective Lagrangian approach. We find that the effects coming from new physics may enhance the standard model predictions for the number of events expected in the final states {bar {ital b}}{ital b}, {ital WW}, and {ital ZZ} up to one order of magnitude, whereas the corresponding number of events for the final state {bar {ital t}}{ital t} may be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

CERN Document Server

We iterate Manolescu's unoriented skein exact triangle in knot Floer homology with coefficients in the fraction field of the group ring (Z/2Z)[Z]. The result is a spectral sequence which converges to a stabilized version of delta-graded knot Floer homology. The (E_2,d_2) page of this spectral sequence is an algorithmically computable chain complex expressed in terms of spanning trees, and we show that there are no higher differentials. This gives the first combinatorial spanning tree model for knot Floer homology.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The collisions of high energy photons produced at an electron-positron collider provide a comprehensive laboratory for testing QCD, electroweak interactions, and extensions of the standard model. The luminosity and energy of the colliding photons produced by backscattering laser beams is expected to be comparable to that of the primary e"+e"- collisions. In this overview, we shall focus on tests of electroweak theory in photon-photon annihilation, particularly #gamma##gamma##->#W"+W"-, #gamma##gamma##->#Higgs bosons, and higher-order loop processes, such as #gamma##gamma##->##gamma##gamma#, Z#gamma# and ZZ. Since each photon can be resolved into a W"+W"- pair, high energy photon-photon collisions can also provide a remarkably background-free laboratory for studying WW collisions and annihilation. We also review high energy #gamma##gamma# tests of quantum chromodynamics, such as the scaling of the photon structure function, tt production, mini-jet ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper we discuss possible signatures for the production of scalar t_1t_1"* (top squarkonium) bound states #sigma#_t_1 at hadron colliders, where t_1 is the lighter scalar top eigenstate. We first study the decay of #sigma#_t_1; explicit expressions are given for all potentially important decay modes. If t_1 has unsuppressed two-body decays, they will always overwhelm the annihilation decays of #sigma#_t_1. Among the latter, we find that usually either the gg or hh final state dominates, depending on the size of the off-diagonal entry of the top squark mass matrix; h is the lighter neutral scalar Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model. If m_#sigma#_t happens to be close to the mass of one of the neutral scalar Higgs bosons, Q bar Q final states dominate (Q=b or t). W"+W"- and ZZ final states are subdominant. We argue that #sigma#_t_1#->##gamma##gamma# decays offer the best signal for top squarkonium production at hadron colliders. The Fermilab ...

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of Methods and Apparatus for Processes Diagnostics in Plasma Reactors at the Neutralization of Chemical Herbiside and Pestiside

CERN Document Server

We consider the possibility of "Higgs counterfeits" - scalars that can be produced with cross sections comparable to the SM Higgs, and which decay with identical relative observable branching ratios, but which are nonetheless not responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking. We also consider a related scenario involving "Higgs friends," fields similarly produced through gg fusion processes, which would be discovered through diboson channels WW, ZZ, gamma gamma, or even gamma Z, potentially with larger cross sections times branching ratios than for the Higgs. The discovery of either a Higgs friend or a Higgs counterfeit, rather than directly pointing towards the origin of the weak scale, would indicate the presence of new colored fields necessary for the sizable production cross section (and possibly new colorless but electroweakly charged states as well, in the case of the diboson decays of a Higgs friend). These particles could easily be confused for an ordinary ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cancer, by definition, is a proliferative disease. The fundamental scientific issue explored at the international symposium "Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis" was the impact of chemically...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:12722515

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication. 3 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract available.

Medline Plus

... Massage therapy can help the body release certain chemicals. These chemicals help us relax, improve blood circulation and get ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coatings and sensors having both steric and chemical selectivity. Controlled porosity provides the steric selectivity, whereas chemically tailored film properties, using controlled composition or modification by coupling agents, chemical species replacement, or chemical species within pores, provide the chemical selectivity. Single or multiple layers may be provided.

Science.gov (United States)

In 2009 the European Space Agency satellite mission GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) was launched. Its objectives are the precise and detailed determination of the Earth's gravity field and geoid. Its core instrument, a three axis gravitational gradiometer, measures the gravity gradient components V xx , V yy , V zz and V xz (second-order derivatives of the gravity potential V) with high precision and V xy , V yz with low precision, all in the instrument reference frame. The long wavelength gravity field is recovered from the orbit, measured by GPS (Global Positioning System). Characteristic elements of the mission are precise star tracking, a Sun-synchronous and very low (260 km) orbit, angular control by magnetic torquing and an extremely stiff and thermally stable instrument environment. GOCE is complementary to GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), another satellite gravity mission, launched in 2002. While ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundA key question in the risk assessment of exposures to multiple chemicals is whether mixture effects may occur when chemicals are combined at low doses which individually...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Environmental chemicals that function as estrogens have been suggested to be associated with an increase in disease and dysfunctions in animals and humans. To characterize chemicals that may act as...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The experimental data set used to evaluate site-specific histopathologic correspondence between the morphologic end points of toxicity and carcinogenicity comprises 130 chemical carcinogenesis studies....Full Text Available

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Hard Nano-Strutural Coatings Resistant to the Extreme Conditions of Chemical, Abrasive and High Energy Media for Thermonuclear Power, Oil and Gas and Chemical Industries

Science.gov (United States)

... 6 lit. CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS TESTING AND RELATED ISSUES- ILn SUBCHRONIC STUDIES AND RELATED ISSUES 0 o Andrew Sivak 0 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining health; however, accumulating evidence indicates that this system can be the target for immunotoxic effects caused by a variety of chemicals including...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract Not Provided

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... chemical reactions high temperature lattice parameters microhardness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

Czech Academy of Sciences Repository

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract not provided

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Production treatment chemicals represent a diverse collection of chemical classes, added at various points from the wellhead to the final flotation cell, to prevent operational upsets and enhance the separation of oil from water. Information in the literature indicates that while many treatment chemicals are thought to partition into oil and not into the produced water, there are cases where a sufficiently water soluble treatment chemical is added at high enough concentrations to suggest that the treatment chemical may add to the aquatic toxicity of the produced water. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of production treatment chemicals on the toxicity of produced waters using the US EPA Seven-day Mysidopsis bahia Survival, Growth and Fecundity Test. Samples of produced water were collected and tested for toxicity from three platforms under ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Transformation of row material to the consumption goods proceeds by the succession of various technologies using energy and chemicals. Relative contribution of both factors is broadly varied. The chemical reagents are not per se consumption goods and their production is auxiliary. Maximal usage of chemicals is observed in conventional technologies. On the contrary radiation technology does not need chemicals. Therefore usage of radiation technology leads to diminution of chemical processing and hence to the attenuation of the technological press on the environment. As examples the radiation technological methods in conversion of coal and biomass are considered. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Due to the large number of chemicals in commerce without adequate toxicity characterization data, coupled with an ineffective federal policy for chemical management in the United States, many states are grappling with the challenge to identify toxic chemicals that may pose a risk to human health and the environment. Specific populations (e.g., children, elderly) are particularly sensitive to these toxic chemicals. In 2008, the Children's Safe Product Act (CSPA) was passed in Washington State. The CSPA included specific requirements to identify High Priority Chemicals (HPCs) and Chemicals of High Concern to Children (CHCCs). To implement this legislation, a methodology was developed to identify HPCs from authoritative scientific and regulatory sources on the basis of toxicity criteria. Another set of chemicals of concern was then identified ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

When Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), it created a number of new reporting requirements for companies that handle toxic chemicals and products containing toxic chemicals. Section 313 of EPCRA requires that certain manufacturers report annual releases to the environment of listed toxic chemicals and chemical categories. Because these manufacturers must know the toxic chemical composition of the products they use to be able to calculate releases accurately, EPA requires some suppliers of mixtures or trade name products containing one or more of the listed section 313 toxic chemicals to notify their customers. The pamphlet explains which suppliers must notify their customers, who must be notified, what form the notice must take, and when it must be sent.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Treatment chemicals are used in all facets of the natural gas industry (NGI) from well development through transmission and storage of natural gas. The multitude of chemicals used, combined with the dozens of chemical manufacturers and/or suppliers has lead to the availability of hundreds of possible chemical products. Because of the widespread use of chemical products and their numerous sources, the NGI needs access to consistent data regarding their effectiveness and potential environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and potential environmental impacts of, chemical products used in the NGI. This assessment was initially focused on biocides and corrosion inhibitors and their use in the gas production, storage and transmission facilities, The overall approach was obtain the necessary data on ...

Science.gov (United States)

The Bureau of Mines performed chemical research to elaborate details of sulfur chemistry pertaining to the citrate flue gas desulfurization process in which sulfur dioxide (SO2), absorbed (as bisulfite ion) in a buffered sodium citrate solution, is reduce...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The lung has the potential of metabolizing many foreign chemicals to a vast array of metabolites with different pharmacological and toxicological properties. Because many chemicals require metabolic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ion-channels can be activated (gated) by a variety of stimuli including chemicals, voltage, mechanical force or temperature. Whereas molecular mechanisms of ion-channel gating by chemicals and...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this paper is to obtain the effective potential of the non-topological soliton model at finite temperature with the assumption that the chemical potential {mu} of the system is different from zero and to analyse how the effective potential is influenced by changes in the chemical potential and temperature. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Importance of the fieldThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms that are selectively induced following exposure to structurally-diverse chemicals often are the ones capable...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), the reactive upper airways dysfunction syndrome (RUDS), the sick building syndrome (SBS), and the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCS) are overlapping...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The binding of amphiphilic molecules to lipid bilayers is followed by ¹⁹F NMR using chemical shift and line shape differences between the solution and membrane-tethered states of...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thirty-seven papers were presented at this conference in five sessions. Topics covered include regulation, control and consequences of decontamination; decontamination of components and facilities; chemical and non-chemical methods of decontamination; and TMI decontamination experience.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

K_#beta#/ K_#alpha# x-ray intensity ratio of chromium were measured in different chromium compounds. The results show the variation of the intensity ratio as a function of the chemical environment around the metal ion. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Initial results obtained with a Monte Carlo computer program designed to link initial physical events in irradiated liquid water with subsequent chemical and biological events are presented. 10 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two additional hyperfine components of the interstellar radical C3H were detected. In addition, methanol was discovered in interstellar clouds. The abundance of HCCN and various chemical isomers in molecular clouds was investigated.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Model systems to study the effects of chemicals of environmental concern on bacterial and parasitic diseases as well as the immunosurveillance and destruction of transplantable tumor cells were described...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Methods of acidizing a subterranean well formation, acidizing compositions, and sequestering additives for preventing the precipitation of metal compounds in the formation are described. Use of the methods and chemicals described should lead to improved formation permeability as compared to use of previous methods and chemicals. 12 claims.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For better understanding and proper use of organic chemicals addition data are needed, including kinetic data on the scavenging reactions in actual cycles, data on ambient temperature stability and decomposition, sampling and analsyis information, data on effects in a case of fire, and more corrosion data. Use of these chemicals for layup of boilers and other equipment needs to be evaluated for each application. After a preliminary evaluation, such as outlined in this report, every new water treatment chemical should be evaluated in at least two month test in actual steam cycle. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... thermal power plants thermal reactors water cooled reactors WATER

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... carrier-free isotopes chemical preparation gamma spectra isotope production

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several possibilities of the use of molecular models in quantum-chemical investigations of the structure of defect centers on the surfaces of oxides on nontransition elements have been illustrated. There has been a special discussion of the assumption of the local nature of the chemical interactions in these systems, which underlies such an approach, and of the consequent laws governing the formation of their lattices in the example cases of zeolites, kaolinites, and comparable boron- and aluminum-containing oxides. A quantum-chemical interpretation of the body of experimental data from investigations of the dehydroxylation of H forms of zeolites has been given. The structure of the Lewis acid centers formed as a result, and their chemisorption properties, have been discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MINEQL is a subroutine package to calculate equilibrium composition of an aqueous system, accounting for mass transfer.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

The effects of variable hardness, pH, alkalinity, humics, and suspended clay on the chemical speciation of copper and its toxicity to fathead minnow larvae in Lake Superior water were investigated. Two proposed methods (toxicity factors and chemical speciation) for predicting LC50 values in specific natural waters from laboratory toxicity data and the average site specific values of general water quality parameters were evaluated. The accuracy of the cupric ion-selective electrode in determining CU/sup +2/ activities in ambient and chemically altered Lake Superior water was also determined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemical effects of L X-ray intensity ratios in niobium and molybdenum compounds were studied by electron and proton bombardments. L{sub {gamma}1} X-rays which involve transition of 4d electrons of the valence shell were found to be sensitive to the chemical environment. The L{sub {gamma}1}/L{sub {beta}1} X-ray intensity ratio increased with an increase of the 4d electron occupation of niobium or molybdenum in niobium or molybdenum compounds, showing that the chemical effects can be ascribed to the 4d electron behavior of the metallic atom in its compounds. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A historical background is first given in which the role of biomass is described in relation to its competition with fossil biomass for the production of chemicals and energy. Occurrences of reserves from both sources are then compared. Petrochemical and biomass routes are then analyzed in terms of their relative competitive advantages. The oleochemical and biotechnology cases are analyzed in more detail as examples of biomass utilization. Latin American examples of industrial manufacturing of biomass derived chemicals are then provided. Alcochemicals are analyzed in detail as well as essential oils and other chemicals. Finally, references are made to regional Latin American initiatives regarding biomass and the objectives, organization and nature of the initiative are presented.

Science.gov (United States)

The chemical analysis of lipids of Prochloron isolated from several hosts is discussed. The object

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book examines some of the basic principles behind chemical reactions kinetics. Topics considered include ab initio determination of potential energy for chemical reactions; semi-empirical potential energy surfaces; general theory of reactive scattering: different equation approach; and integral equation approach to reactive scattering.

Science.gov (United States)

This request is submitted to seek interim approval to operate a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 chemical waste landfill for the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste. Operation of a chemical waste landfill for disposal of PCB waste ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

X-ray scattering methods suitable for the investigation of the morphology and chemical composition of self-organized quantum dots and quantum wires are reviewed. Their application is demonstrated in experimental examples showing that a combination of small angle X-ray scattering with high-resolution X-ray diffraction can reveal both the shape and the chemical composition of the self-organized objects. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Occupational and environmental exposure to organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls are linked with increased risk of hematologic malignancies. DOE facilities and waste sites in the U.S. are contaminated with mixtures of potentially hazardous chemicals such as metals, organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and radioactive isotopes. A major goal of this project was to establish linkage between chemical/radiation exposure and induction of genomic damage in target populations with the capability to undergo transformation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book deals specifically with the development of new processes of converting coal into useful chemical feedstocks. The major topic in this volume is the generation of syngas and its catalytic conversion to chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Describes processes involved in conversion, recent catalytic developments, and the commercially important Sasol process. Also includes chapters on the carbide process and potential of future developments in the field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chemical influences on the relative Ksub(#nu#)/Ksub(#alpha#) x-ray intensity ratio up to five per cent were found for different chemical constitutions of Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu by very precise PIXE measurements. In the discussion of these effects, screening of 3p electrons by a varying 3d valence charge, as well as polarisational effects are of importance. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most chemical reactions in industry and biology are catalytic and play a role at some stage of the processing of about 80% of the goods manufactured in the U.S., yet catalysis is a neglected subject in chemical education. This book integrates the fragmentary treatment accorded the topic until now. It covers, in a unified way, catalysis in solutions, by enzymes, in synthetic polymers within the molecular scale cages of zeolites and other molecular sieves, and on surfaces of inorganic solids. The central ideas are chemical; and principles are illustrated by emphasizing industrial reactions and catalysts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plants cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Under Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), manufacturers must notify the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 90 days before manufacturing, processing, or importing a new chemical substance. This is referred to as a premanufacture notice (PMN). The PMN must contain certain information including chemical identity, production volume, proposed uses, estimates of exposure and release, and any health or environmental test data that are available to the submitter. Because there is no explicit statutory authority that requires testing of new chemicals prior to their entry into the market, most PMNs are submitted with little or no data. As a result, EPA has developed special techniques for hazard assessment of PMN chemicals. These include (1) evaluation of available data on the chemical itself, (2) evaluation of data on analogues of the PMN, or evaluation of data on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Current regulations guiding technical aspects of natural resource damage assessments combine source, exposure pathway, resource injury, and monetary damage components. In order to associate any observed injury to the uncontrolled release of chemicals (e.g. oil spills, contaminated sediments, in-place toxics, etc.), it is important to link the chemical ''release'' to the injured resource. In complex environmental settings where multiple sources of similar chemicals are combined, multicomponent chemical methods must be used to link the release to the environmental distribution of chemicals. Three examples of the utility of multicomponent organic chemical analyses linked to comprehensive and representative sampling strategies will be discussed--the Shell Martinez Refinery oil spill, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and a contaminated sediment assessment. These ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: Continuous energy cross-section data library for the Monte Carlo program MCNP based on the ENDF/B-VI Release 3 evaluated nuclear data library (ACE Format). Format: ACE; Number of groups: Continuous energy; Nuclides (107): H-1, H-2, He-4, Li-6, Li-7, Be-9, B-10, B-11, C-nat, N-14, N-15, O-16, O-17, Na-23, Mg-nat, Al-27, Si-nat, Cl-nat, Ti-nat, Cr-50, Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54, Mn-55, Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58, Co-59, Ni-58, Ni-60, Ni-61, Ni-62, Ni-64, Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92, Zr-94, Zr-96, Zr-nat, Nb-93, Mo-94, Mo-95, Mo-96, Mo-97, Mo-nat, Tc-99, Ru-101, Ru-102, Ru-104, Rh-103, Pd-105, Pd-107, Ag-109, I-129, Xe-131, Cs-133, Pr-141, Nd-143, Nd-145, Pm-147, Sm-147, Sm-149, Sm-150, Sm-151, Sm-152, Eu-153, Gd-154, Gd-155, Gd-156, Gd-157, Gd-158, Gd-160, Hf-174, Hf-176, Hf-177, Hf-178, Hf-179, Hf-180, Hf-nat, Pb-206, Pb-207, Pb-208, Bi-209, Th-232,U-233, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, Np-237, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-241, Pu-242, Am-241, Am-242, Am-242m, Am-243, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work we present an ultra-low temperature method for the oxidation of an amorphous silicon-carbide-nitride (SiCN) material. The SiCN is deposited on silicon substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH{sub 4}, SiH{sub 4}, and N{sub 2} chemistry. The physical and chemical properties are characterized for the as-deposited SiCN and post-oxidized films are discussed. The SiCN film is exposed to oxygen plasma, where it undergoes a chemical transformation into a binary SiO{sub 2} material system. A 1.7 nm/min oxidation rate is typical for this process and compares favorably to oxidation methods utilizing much higher temperatures. The substrate temperature remains extremely low throughout the oxidation process, T{sub s} < 200 deg. C. Changes in film stress, optical constants, film thickness, surface roughness, and film density are measured. Chemical analysis by X-ray ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book provided a set of supplementary papers provided to delegates at the eighth international CANMET/ACI conference on superplasticizers and chemical admixtures in concrete. Recent research on chemical admixtures and superplasticizers was presented along with new approaches to the practical application of concrete admixtures. The presentations highlighted technological advances in the development of superplasticizers and new approaches to the manufacture and implementation of aggregates. Issues regarding the application of plasticizers with various aggregates were addressed, and interactions between cements and superplasticizers were evaluated. Four of the supplementary papers have been catalogued separately for inclusion in this database. refs., tabs., figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A chemically assisted micro-beam etching system for 3D microanalysis was designed. Using chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) method with FIB shave-off scanning, about several hundred micrometers clean cross-section will be acquired in a few hours. We use focused ion beam (FIB) and electron beam (EB) as micro-beams, halogen or halide mainly as reactive gases. The apparatus was manufactured based on this concept. We found that the FIB, Q-MS and SED worked as expected. The instrumentation has been completed.

Science.gov (United States)

... transItion to more capable space-based interceptors as ... ten wtth bmlogtcal, and thirty with chemical weapons. ... are becoming the weapon of choice ...

Science.gov (United States)

as manufacturing plants and laboratories, including the Chemical Laboratory at the House of David in Benton Harbor, Michigan. Built in America: Historic Building Buildings Survey/...

Science.gov (United States)

The SCF approximation is used in a statistical theory of melting based on equality of the chemical potentials. The results for the melting points of the inert gases are close to the observed values.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Inst. de Quimica. Dept. de Quimica Organica Miguez, Eduardo Tavares, Maria

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hyaluronan (HA), a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used in the clinic for viscosurgery, viscosupplementation, and treatment of osteoarthritis. Four decades of chemical modification...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... base alloys alloys beams chemical reactions elements hardness irradiation

Science.gov (United States)

other chemical applications include use in water softeners, detergents, and food additives. The development of phosphate resources as a leasable commodity provides income to...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Some Japanese and US coal liquefaction research projects are listed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using the radiation chemical method it is possible to prepare wood-plastic composites using doses of 1 to 2.5 kGy. The impregnation mixture in the wood gelatinates and subsequent curing using chemical initiators takes place without outflow of the mixture from the wood and without formation of incrustations. The basic components of the impregnation mixtures used were unsaturated polyester resins; styrene or methyl methacrylate was used as the thinner. The proven initiator of polymerization was 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. The technology is described of wood impregnation and radiation or chemical curing. The effects were monitored of viscosity, temperature, radiation dose and the concentrations of the individual components of the impregnation mixtures and initiators of polymerization on the process of the preparation of wood-plastic composites.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

For some neurotoxic chemicals, neurobehavioral effects are now considered to be among the most sensitive end points yet detected, particularly if exposures occur during critical windows of vulnerability....Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

NSF-NIST Interaction in Chemistry, Materials Research, Molecular Biosciences, Bioengineering, and ... Laboratory (CSTL). Materials research is centralized in the Materials Science and Engineering ...

Science.gov (United States)

Sep 21, 2006 ... NASA has selected Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa., to design, furnish and install a plant to produce liquid nitrogen for ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is known that the plant cuticle represents the first barrier that must be overcome by any chemical reaching the plant surface from the atmosphere before entering the plant. Because of the importance of the cuticle as a barrier to penetration of a wide variety of compounds, its morphology, chemistry, and permeability have been extensively studied. However, only limited information is available on the nature of functional chemical groups present and their interaction and role during the penetration process. The usefulness of in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies in identifying functional groups present in isolated cuticles is described and their relationships to the structure of the cuticular membrane are discussed. Applications of infrared spectroscopy on the presence and role of phenolics in the cuticle structure and during the cuticle development, nitrogen oxide binding to isolated cuticles, and the interactions between ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Techniques for culturing, harvesting, and testing bacteria to evaluate bactericidal chemicals for swimming pools are described. Concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg of the chlorine stabilizer cyanuric...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Accidents Accident Preparedness, Accident Prevention, Chemical Accidents, Radiation Accidents Characterization Contingency Plans National Contingency Plan (NCP), Oil Removal...

Science.gov (United States)

Accidents Accident Preparedness, Accident Prevention, Chemical Accidents, Radiation Accidents Characterization Contingency Plans National Contingency Plan (NCP), Oil Removal...

Science.gov (United States)

Accidents Accident Preparedness, Accident Prevention, Chemical Accidents, Radiation Accidents Characterization Contingency Plans National Contingency Plan (NCP), Oil Removal...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Existing oil reservoirs might be more fully exploited if the properties of the flow of oil and water in porous media were better known. In laboratory experiments it is important to collect as much information as possible to make a descriptive model of the system, including position imaging and chemical binding information. This thesis develops nuclear methods for obtaining position image and chemical binding information from flow experiments of porous media. A combined positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography system to obtain position images, and a time-differential perturbed angular correlation system to obtain chemical binding information, have been built and thoroughly tested. 68 refs., 123 figs., 14 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... filters molybdenum alloys production sulfuric acid alloys chemical reactions ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The biosynthesis of insect juvenile hormone (JH) and its neuroendocrine control are attractive targets for chemical control of insect pests and vectors of disease. To facilitate the molecular...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tri layer hybrid composites of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and jute fibres was prepared by keeping oil palm EFB as skin material and jute as the core material and vice versa. The chemical resistance, void content and tensile properties of oil palm EFB/Jute composites was investigated with reference to the relative weight of oil palm EFB/Jute, i.e. 4:1, the fibre loading was optimized and different layering pattern were investigated. It is found from the chemical resistance test that all the composites are resistant to various chemicals. It was observed that marked reduction in void content of hybrid composites in different layering pattern. From the different layering pattern, the tensile properties were slightly higher for the composite having jute as skin and oil palm EFB as core ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 2004 [1 p.] Brazil Estevam, Charles dos S. Andrade Neto,

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ABSTRACT We present evidence that differences in soil seedbank persistence among pioneer plants in the cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica, are influenced by differences in seed chemical defense. We used extracted seed chemicals from Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae), Guettarda poasana (Rubiaceae), Phytolacca rivinoides (Phytolaccaceae), Urera elata (Urticaceae), Cecropia polyphlebia (Cecropiaceae), and Witheringia meiantha (Solanaceae) to assess seed chemical defense in two ways: (1) a plant pathogen inhibition assay using Pythium irregulare; and (2) a brine shrimp toxicity assay using Artemia salina. The combined performance of each species in the two assays positively correlated with seedbank persistence. In the pathogen assay, mycelium growth was reduced when Pythium was cultured o...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese 1995 1 p. Brazil Lancas, Fernando M. Vilegas, Janete HY Campos,

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method and apparatus for determining the condition of tissue or otherwise making chemical identifications includes exposing the sample to a light source, and using a synchronous luminescence system to produce a spectrum that can be analyzed for tissue condition.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A phenomenon based model for chlorine dioxide delignification of chemical pulp is introduced. The pulp suspension environment is modeled using the concept of two liquid phases, one inside and the other external to the fiber wall. Physico-chemical processes taking place during delignification are implemented with thermodynamic, mass transfer and reaction kinetic models. A broad library of chemical reactions is introduced. Inclusion of each reaction is justified. The model response is tested against experimental laboratory delignification results (o-delignified birch pulp). The experimental data consists of kappa number, hexenuronic acid, inorganic oxy-chlorine compound, and organochlorine (AOX, OX) measurements at several time points during five delignification experiments. The model predic...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The water and steam circuits of steam generators in pressurized-water nuclear power plants are described together with the mechanism of denting, and the corrosion of spacer plates that leads to cracks in tubes by constriction. The different chemical specifications applicable to the water of the secondary circuit of the generators in normal operation and on first commissioning are listed. The results obtained and the measurements of chemical values taken in operation on the water in the secondary circuits of steam generators at Fessenheim and Bugey are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A chemical equilibrium model is used, implemented in a compact FORTRAN package called HITEQ, to investigate possible mineral deposition related to prereinjection treatment of Cerro Prieto brines for silica removal. Large saturation ratios of the treated brines with respect to several minerals are indicated by these computations. As a remedy, an inexpensive CO/sub 2/ removal scheme aimed at inhibiting carbonate mineral precipitation is proposed. This scheme is quantitatively discussed with the aid of HITEQ. It is concluded that the proposed treatment is both technically and economically feasible.

Science.gov (United States)

This request is submitted to seek interim approval to operate a chemical waste landfill for the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste. Interim approval is requested for a period not to exceed 5 years. This request covers only the disposal of sm...

Science.gov (United States)

Some aspects of molecular mechanisms common to radiation and chemical carcinogenesis are discussed, particularly the DNA damage done by these agents. Emphasis is placed on epidemiological considerations and on dose-response models used in risk assessment to extrapolate from experimental data obtained at high doses to the effects from long-term, low-level exposures. 3 references, 6 figures. (ACR)

CERN Document Server

The method of spectral disentangling has now created the opportunity for studying the chemical composition in previously inaccessible components of binary and multiple stars. This in turn makes it possible to trace their chemical evolution, a vital aspect in understanding the evolution of stellar systems. We review different ways to reconstruct individual spectra from eclipsing and non-eclipsing systems, and then concentrate on some recent applications to detached binaries with high-mass and intermediate-mass stars, and Algol-type mass-transfer systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mechanism of chemical poisoning of model heterogeneously catalyzed reactions on transition metal surfaces is studied. Clean Mo(001) surfaces were characterized; results suggest a first-layer contraction of 10% of the bulk interlayer spacing. Characterization of clean Co(0001) surfaces is underway. Decomposition of formic acid on Mo(001) surfaces is being studied. (DLC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biological motors generally fall into two categories: (1) those that convert chemical into mechanical energy via hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate, usually adenosine triphosphate, regarded as life's chemical currency of energy and (2) membrane bound motors driven directly by an ion gradient and/or membrane potential. Here we argue that electrostatic interactions play a vital role for both types of motors and, therefore, the tools of physics can greatly contribute to understanding biological motors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method and apparatus is provided for detecting explosives by thermal imaging. The explosive material is subjected to a high energy wave which can be either a sound wave or an electromagnetic wave which will initiate a chemical reaction in the explosive material which chemical reaction will produce heat. The heat is then sensed by a thermal imaging device which will provide a signal to a computing device which will alert a user of the apparatus to the possibility of an explosive device being present.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrical resistivity at low temperatures (T = 10 to 90 K) of the lithium isotopes /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/Li and of an isotopic mixture /sup 7 +6/Li has been studied. The specimens contained a small amount of chemical impurities. An appreciable difference was observed in the temperature dependence of the resistivity produced both by deformation of the phonon spectrum, related to the change in isotopic composition, and by the presence of chemical impurities making the nonequilibrium part of the electron distribution function more isotropic.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 1.7 billion pounds of benzene produced each year in the US provide one measure of its utility. At the same time, there are a number of environmental reasons for avoiding the use of benzene in chemical manufacture. Perhaps most compelling: benzene is a potent carcinogen. Scrutiny of many of the chemicals derived from benzene reveals that each molecule contains at least one oxygen atom while benzene completely lacks oxygen atoms. Introduction of oxygen to make up for this lack can require processes that are environmentally problematic. One of the steps used to introduce oxygen atoms during manufacture of adipic acid, a component of Nylon 66, is responsible for 10% of the annual global increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide. This by-product is a causative agent of atmospheric ozone depletion and has been implicated in global warming. With support from EPA and the National Science Foundation, alternative manufacturing processes are being ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An apparatus for sensing chemicals over extended range of concentrations. In particular, first and second sensors each having separate, but overlapping ranges for sensing concentrations of hydrogen are provided. Preferably, the first sensor is a MOS solid state device wherein the metal electrode or gate is a nickel alloy. The second sensor is a chemiresistor comprising a nickel alloy.

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionAs part of a wider effort to develop new approaches to evaluating and quantifying the benefits of chemicals regulation, this project will review the effectiveness of existing information provision tools (such as classification and labelling for hazardous properties) in terms of affecting user behaviour. As some EC legislation relating to regulation of chemicals has been in place for some time, an assumption is made that the information provided by it is leading to an improvement in the way chem [continued...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A preliminary study of two different kinds of solar receivers (a rotating cavity receiver and a volumetric receiver) suitable to operate in the 1 kW solar facility at the University of Rome is presented. Possible applications of solar energy in the aluminum extraction from leucite and chemical storage by the CuO/Cu[sub 2]O cycle are presented and discussed. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mutagenic, reproductive, and toxicity effects of two closely related chemicals, ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and methylnitrosourea (MNU), were compared at equimolar and near-equimolar doses in the...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The biological activity of coir fibre, coir ash and their components were investigated in vitro by measuring the haemolytic activity and macrophage cytotoxicity. In vivo studies carried out by injecting guinea pigs intratracheally with coir fibres resulted in resolving granulomas. The observed haemolytic activity and macrophage cytotoxicity was more marked with coir ash compared with coir fibres. Chemical analysis of coir ash revealed the presence of toxic chemical constituents in appreciable amounts. PMID:6283694

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chemical effects on the intensity ratio of LX-ray of molybdenum compounds irradiated by 11-keV electrons and by 3-MeV protons were studied using an x-ray crystal spectrometer. It was found that the intensity ratios of L_#gamma#_1/L_#beta#_1 markedly decrease with the increase of ionicity of molybdenum compounds, except for the case of metallic molybdenum. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the isolation process through increasing the waterproofing of the stratum. The cited goal is achieved by isolating water influx into a well through introduction of a chemical reagent into the stratum. To interact with the stratum, an alloy of titanium and iron is introduced into the stratum as the chemical reagent with subsequent pumping of hydrogen into the stratum at 100 to 200C.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An important early step in the assessment of ecological risks at contaminated sites is the screening of chemicals detected on the site to identify those that constitute a potential risk. Part of this screening process is the comparison of measured ambient concentrations to concentrations that are believed to be nonhazardous, termed benchmarks. This article discusses 13 methods by which benchmarks may be derived for aquatic biota and presents benchmarks for 105 chemicals. It then compares them with respect to their sensitivity, availability, magnitude relative to background concentrations, and conceptual bases. This compilation is limited to chemicals that have been detected on the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) and to benchmarks derived from studies of toxic effects on freshwater organisms. The list of chemicals includes 45 metals and 56 industrial organic ...

Science.gov (United States)

Government agencies responsible for protecting the public from the adverse effects of toxic chemicals must set priorities for research, regulatory action, protocol testing, and monitoring due to the vast number of toxic chemicals and the limited resources available to these agencies. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) must set priorities for research on hazards encountered in the workplace. Priorities are also utilized by NIOSH in preparing criteria for recommended occupational standards which are forwarded to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, for possible promulgation. For various reasons, including rapidly changing conditions in the American workplace, NIOSH has instituted a revised priorities program. In the future, NIOSH research and recommended standards activities will focus not only on individual chemicals, but also on industries, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present study, models of key chemical processes governing the compositions of the tapped metal from the cupola on the basis of physico-chemical fundamentals have been developed. As evident from the literature survey, the investigations conducted in the past have focused their attention on one phenomenon at a time; for example, a particular chemical reaction, measurement of gas composition or the temperature distribution inside a cupola. Notwithstanding the importance of these studies and their contribution toward the understanding of cupola operation, mathematical models of key chemical processes and their interdependence must be investigated to obtain a complete insight into the various interlinked phenomena occurring inside a cupola. For example, the oxidation of the metallic charge leads to the formation of iron oxide which influences the final content of elements such as silicon, manganese ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One wonders how a facility will cope with the new Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). Environmental engineers working in large companies' facilities and in corporate engineering groups already have an idea of how to comply with the regulations for chemical plant equipment leaks. (In fact, the rules will also affect process bins, wastewater, transfer and storage.) But those who work for smaller companies or who have assignments not directly tied to environmental affairs may not have access to the latest thinking on compliance. One of the first challenges in becoming aware of the CAAA regulations is learning the new language, which consists of acronyms, some containing other acronyms. NESHAP, for example, stands for national emissions standards for hazardous air pollutants. Prior to the CAAA, NESHAPs applied to a few specific chemicals, such as benzene. Now the proposed rules establish a HON, a hazardous organic NESHAP. According to David Gustafson, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The application of chemical cleaning for dissolving and removing scale and sludge is being planned in the Japanese pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant in order to maintain high heat transfer performance and to prevent steam generator (SG) tube degradation. In this paper, the effectiveness of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and German Kraftwerk Union (KWU) processes on the integrity of structural materials other than SG tubes and the comprehensive applicability of chemical cleaning are discussed. The integrity of structural materials such as carbon steel, low-alloy steel and stainless steel was maintained after the EPRI and KWU processes. KWU chemical cleaning tailored for crevice cleaning has been studied to improve its cleaning effectiveness in crevices and to control the corrosion depth of structural materials less than the criterion for corrosion depth. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A graphic approach, terms a Genetic Activity Profile (GAP), was developed to display a matrix of data on the genetic and related effects of selected chemical agents. The profiles provide a visual overview of the quantitative (doses) and qualitative (test results) data for each chemical. Either the lowest effective dose or highest ineffective dose is recorded for each agent and bioassay. Up to 200 different test systems are represented across the GAP. Bioassay systems are organized according to the phylogeny of the test organisms and the end points of genetic activity. The methodology for producing and evaluating genetic activity profile was developed in collaboration with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Data on individual chemicals were compiles by IARC and by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Data are available on 343 compounds selected from volumes 1-53 of the IARC Monographs and on 115 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution profiles of the chemical structural changes induced in low density polyethylene(LDPE) irradiated by various ion-beams were obtained by micro-FT-IR measurement. Predominant species induced by ion-beam irradiation were trans-vinylene, hydroxyl group and carbonyl group. It was found that the depth profiles of these species resemble the Bragg curve, but they are rather different from the depth profile of the stopping power calculated by TRIM code. The terminal of the chemical reaction was observed to be deeper than the range calculated by TRIM code for all ion particles. This suggests that the energy profile in the region which the energy of the ion particle becomes lower is very complicated. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

The cold effluents (sanitary waste and decontaminated radioactive water) are flocculated with sodium phosphate and pumped through a trickling filter. The average decontamination obtained is about 86% for alpha emittera and 76% for beta emitters. The cool effluents (activity < 10/sup -3/ mu c/ml) can be treated by several methods. Provisions have been made for two successive chemical flocculations eventually followed by an adsorptlon. The warm waste treatment (activity between 10/sup -3/ and 1 mu c/ml) is still in the experimental stage. The following methods are used: evaporation for some chemically contaminated wastes, browncoal filtration for reactor effluents, and a combination of chemical treatment and browncoal adsorption in other cases. (auth)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A renewed interest in chemical fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM) originates from the premise that it enables to isolate labile SOM from SOM protected through mineral binding and recalcitrant SOM. Both selective removal of labile non-bound SOM through oxidation or hydrolysis as well as selective removal of minerals and attached SOM are often applied. Molecular-level SOM characterization by means of temperature resolved Pyrolysis-Field Ionization Mass Spectroscopy analysis (Py-FIMS) was used here as an approach to obtain insight into the fate of SOM upon wet chemical treatment with regard to composition and thermal stability. The applied sequential chemical treatment with 6% NaOCl and 10% HF yielded similar sizes in stable SOM fractions between sandy semi-native heathland and cultiv...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports the chemical compositions of chicken-blood stone Ji Xue Shi measured by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The experimental result show that for the red portion of chicken-blood stone, the concentration of Hg is as high as 20 wt%, and the concentration of S can be above 10 wt%. For the non-red portion the main chemical compositions are Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SiO{sub 2}. The obtained chemical compositions are close to those of kaolinite for Balin chicken-blood stone, and of pyrophyllite for Changhua chicken-blood stone, respectively. So far many Changhua chicken-blood stones and Balin chicken-blood stones were found in China, the PIXE method can be used to explore the provenance of available chicken-blood stones. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Single stage separation factors ..cap alpha.. have been determined for /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/Li between lithium ions in methanol and complexed ions with a cryptand (2 sub(B), 2, 1) polymer. The /sup 6/Li was concentrated in the cryptand. The separation factors were compared with the values of other chemical exchange systems. The maximum enrichment factor obtained was epsilon = 0.047 +- 0.002. The figure is one of the greatest in the chemical exchange reactions without valence change and almost 10 times larger than the values of ion exchangers. The variation in ..cap alpha.. depending on the chemical species was small in the non-aqueous system. High enrichment of lithium isotopes was expected to be achievable by means of the chromatographic application of the cryptand (2 sub(B), 2, 1).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to apply chemical-looping combustion to a practical power plant, carbon deposition on the solid particle is one of the key problems to be overcome. Six kinds of solid particles were examined to clarify the kinetic behavior of carbon deposition. The effects of the solid composition, feed gas composition, and reaction temperature on carbon deposition were investigated by thermogravimetrical reactor on the basis of NiO/YSZ particle. From the viewpoints of both reactivity and resistance against carbon deposition, the particle of NiO mixed with YSZ (i.e., yttria-stabilized zirconia) was found to be a good candidate for chemical-looping combustion. It has been observed that carbon deposition could be completely avoided with very low concentration of water vapor. By means of a proposed model, the condition that carbon deposition would be avoided was identified. 12 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The population of the hyporheic interstice and moss cushions by meso- and macroinvertebrates as found at the three measuring points along the Alte Riefensbeek and the Grosse Soese, respectively, in the period from March 1987 to May 1988 is studied and evaluated together with chemical measurements performed between 1987 and 1990. The six measuring points are positioned along an acidification gradient ranging from non-acid to severely acidified. Chemical and biological paramerters are studied with regard to their suitability as indicators of acidification. A model is presented which decribes the influence of abiotic anthropogenic and natural factors on invertebrate species diversity and populations and which can serve as a basis for the calculation of critical deposition burdens. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

One proposed solution to the problem of ballast-mediated aquatic invasions involves chemically treating ballast water to kill key target organisms. Here, we examine the efficacy of three commercially available ballast water biocides using vegetative microalgae, dinoflagellate resting cysts and bacteria as test organisms. Chemicals tested were the ballast water biocides SeaKleen and Peraclean Ocean, and the chlorine dioxide biocide Vibrex. Results demonstrate that the applicability of each of the three chemical biocides as a routine ballast water treatment is limited by factors such as cost, biological effectiveness and possible residual toxicity of the discharged ballast water (assessed on the basis of impact on motility of vegetative marine microalgae). Of the three biocides tested, Perac...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper briefly describes an industrial application of the foam decontamination process applied to large volume components. The process is based on the filling of the component with liquid foam containing suitable chemical reagents, and a circulation loop enables its continuous recycling. The process was successfully validated during the decontamination of a graphite gas-cooler representing a developed area of 1000 m{sup 2}. A decontamination factor up to 190 was obtained leading to a residual activity below 1 Bq/cm{sup 2}. The process only produced 6 m{sup 3} of effluent i.e. about ten times less than for a chemical solution technique. (authors) 2 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the present study is to develop a new method for chemical state analysis by means of EPMA(Electron probe microanalyser). The measured X-ray intensity of Si-K{beta} characteristic X-ray spectra were read-out by a 16 bit microcomputer with a RS-232C interface. And using the curve fitting method the quantitative analysis of chemical compositions in a ternary compound that constituted of the same element has been established. The present method was applied to analyse of the friction and wear properties of Si-base ceramics sliding materials. It was found that the wear debris contains both the compositions of the sliding materials and SiO{sub 2}, and the SiO{sub 2} contents in wear debris was changed with relative humidity. The results clearly showed that the proposed method is very useful for determing the compositions in the ternary compound. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A compilation of all universities, industrial and governmental agencies in Quebec which are actively involved in research and development of chemical products and industrial materials derived from biomass products, was presented. Each entry presented in a standard format that included a description of the major research activities of the university or agency, the principal technologies used in the research, available research and analytical equipment, a description of the research personnel, names, and addresses of contact persons for the agency or university. Thirty entries were presented. These covered a wide diversity of activities including biotechnological research such as genetic manipulations, bioconversion, fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis and physico-chemical applications such as bleaching, de-inking, purification and synthesis. tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose To study the chemical modifications induced upon irradiation of solid human insulin at radiosterilization doses and investigate the influence of the absorbed dose on radiolysis. Materials and Methods Volatile radiolytic products were monitored by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and non-volatile products by two different high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods: the formation of higher molecular weight proteins was assessed by size exclusion liquid chromatography whereas assays for related compounds and chemical potency tests were carried out using reverse-phase HPLC-UV. Conformational changes were investigated by measurements of circular dichroism. Results After gamma irradiation at 10?kGy, the recovery of insulin was 96.8%; higher molecular w...

Science.gov (United States)

We have developed a cell-mediated mutagenesis assay in which cells with the appropriate markers for mutagenesis are co-cultivated with either lethally irradiated rodent embryonic cells that can metabolize carcinogenic hydrocarbons or with primary rat liver cells that can metabolize chemicals carcinogenic to the liver. During co-cultivation, the reactive metabolites of the procarcinogen appear to be transmitted to the mutable cells and induce mutations in them. Assays of this type make it possible to demonstrate a relationship between carcinogenic potency of the chemicals and their ability to induce mutations in mammalian cells. In addition, by simultaneously comparing the frequencies of transformation and mutation induced in normal diploid hamster cells by benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and one of its metabolites, it is possible to estimate the genetic target size for cell transformation in vitro.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the expression of specific genes in peripheral blood can be used as surrogate marker(s) to detect and distinguish target organ toxicity induced by chemicals in rats. Rats were intraperitoneally administered a single, acute dose of a well-established hepatotoxic (acetaminophen) or a neurotoxic (methyl parathion) chemical. Administration of acetaminophen (AP) in the rats resulted in hepatotoxicity as evidenced from elevated blood transaminase activities. Similarly, administration of methyl parathion (MP) resulted in neurotoxicity in the rats as evidenced from the inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase activity in their blood. Administration of either chemical also resulted in mild hematotoxicity in the rats. Microarray analysis of the global ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Last year, 1991, was a difficult one for Finland's oil and chemicals company, Neste Corporation. The sharp fall in the international price of chemicals products had a significant impact on the corporation's overall result. Neste was, however, able to improve its competitive position, move ahead with numerous investments, and develop new businesses. This was particularly evident in two areas that have received significant emphasis within Neste in recent years: oil exploration and the Baltic region where a network of modern service stations in Neste livery and stretching from Vyborg on the Finnish-Russian border, through St. Petersburg, Tallinn, and the Baltic countries to Warsaw, is currently taking shape. The majority of the western-style stations in this network will be located along the route of the M12 highway, which has been dubbed the Via Baltica.

Science.gov (United States)

A means of determination of a ctive hydrogen of hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, amino, amido and sulfonamido groups by chemical ionization mass spectrometry using ammonia and trideuterioammonia as reagent gases is described. The method is based on exchange of active hydrogen for deuterium occurring during the chemical ionization process using trideuterioammonia, with comparison of m/z for ammonium adduct [M + NH1]+ and trideuterioammonium adduct [M--nH + nD + ND4]+, or of protonated molecular ion [M + H]+ and deuteronated molecular ion [M--nH + nD + D]+ yielding the number of active hydrogens. Applications have been made to several classes of biologically important compounds. PMID:427257

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Steam generation is an integral part of most chemical process plants; however, the steam plant often is or can be overlooked in the area of hazard analysis. The reasons for this oversight are obvious: steam generation is considered to be an old and well-understood process, and steam boiler systems are often not considered to pose the same hazards as other plant units. However, modern steam boiler systems are fueled with natural gas, pulverized coal, and/or fuel oil; each of which poses significant fire and explosion hazards. For example, a moderately sized chemical plant's boiler house may have two or three boilers operating at 240 MMBTU/hr, with each using approximately 11 ton/hr of subbituminous pulverized coal feed. Chemical plants rely on equipment design and installation, mai...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview if provided of selected reports presented at the International Symposium on Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation- and Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Cell Transformation held at Mackinac Island, Michigan on September 19-23, 1993.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have studied the correlation between the chemical state and the oxygen-sensing properties of an iron oxide thin film using a setup that allows simultaneous sensor resistance measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data acquisition. The gas exposures were performed at the highest operating pressure of the XPS spectrometer at a controlled sample temperature which allows direct comparison between the sensor response and the chemical state of the surface. The iron oxide film was modified by a sequence of argon ion sputtering steps and the induced changes in the chemical state, resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen were investigated. The sputtering was found to reduce the iron from the Fe"3"+ to the Fe"2"+ state and to decrease the sensor resistance. The measured sensitivity to oxygen first increased by a factor of two but then collapsed to its original level. The mechanism for oxygen sensing was found to be ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A formula and technology are presented for the preparation of a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (gipane) from the wastes of chemical production, analysis of the results of working to use them to insulate influxes of water in the extracting wells of the Sokolovogorskiy field.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plastics debris in the marine environment, including resin pellets, fragments and microscopic plastic fragments, contain organic contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the initial stages in ecological risk assessments for hazardous waste sites is the screening of contaminants to determine which of them are worthy of further consideration as open-quotes contaminants of potential concern.close quotes This process is termed open-quotes contaminant screening.close quotes It is performed by comparing measured ambient concentrations of chemicals to benchmark concentrations. Currently, no standard benchmark concentrations exist for assessing contaminants in soil with respect to their toxicity to soil- and litter-dwelling invertebrates, including earthworms, other micro- and macroinvertebrates, or heterotrophic bacteria and fungi. This report presents a standard method for deriving benchmarks for this purpose, sets of data concerning effects of chemicals in soil on invertebrates and soil microbial processes, and benchmarks for chemicals potentially associated with United States Department ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book examines the occupational health hazards imposed by neoplasms. Topics considered include: cancer as an occupational hazard; an overview; epidemiological evidence; and interaction of host and lifestyle factors with occupational chemicals in cancer causation.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The authors review the experimental work that has been done since the Second World War on the use of chemical molluscicides in Southern Rhodesia and describe the development of a co-operative snail...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity and biological activity of dioxins and related chemicals. The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein is essential for virus replication and is a candidate vaccine antigen. Macaques immunized with Tat or chemically modified Tat toxoid having the same clade...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several low-mass models with an inhomogeneous radiative core and a convective envelope are investigated, the entire core or its upper portion being treated as a zone of neutral stability. Mixing by convective overshoot will then give rise to unstable structure.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Biomass fuel burning leads to high levels of suspended particulate matter and hazardous chemicals in the indoor environment in countries where it is in common use, contributing significantly to indoor...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chemicals having a capacity to disturb the endocrine system have attracted considerable interest during recent years. There is a shortage of well-characterized in vivo tests with which to study such...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The objectives of this research are: (1) to assess selected formulation-relevant physical properties of several commercial Feverfew extracts, including flowability, hygroscopicity, compressibility and...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Radiation Measurement in Crew Compartment. DTO 805: .... spacecraft and aircraft propulsion, and hazardous waste disposal. ...... combustion reactions in a turbulent chemical kinetic flow reactor using laser induced fluorescence and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There is renewed interest in the +6 oxidation state of iron, ferrate (VI) (FeVIO42-), because of its potential as a benign oxidant for organic synthesis, as a chemical in developing cleaner ('greener') technology for remediation processes, and as an alternative for environment-friendly battery cathodes. This interest has led many researchers to focus their attention on the synthesis of ferrate(VI). Of the three synthesis methods, electrochemical, wet chemical and thermal, electrochemical synthesis has received the most attention due to its ease and the high purity of the product. Moreover, electrochemical processes use an electron as a so-called clean chemical, thus avoiding the use of any harmful chemicals to oxidize iron to the +6 oxidation state. This paper reviews the development of electrochemical methods to synthesize ferrate(VI). The approaches chosen by different laboratories to overcome some of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to replace industrial cobalt and nickel and molybdenum catalysts, more economical catalysts, red muds, are used. Comparative data about the chemical, structural and thermal properties of different samples of red muds, which are important for catalytic hydrogenation, are cited. The different conditions for hydrogenation of coals in a reactor are examined.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Gene expression is a unique way of characterizing how cells and organisms adapt to changes in the external environment. The measurements of gene expression levels upon exposure to a chemical can be...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. The penicillinases formed by penicillinase-constitutive mutant strains from two closely related varieties (749 and 6346) of Bacillus licheniformis have been isolated, characterized...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Finely divided ash-containing coal is immersed in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or citric acid, and acidic ammonium fluoride to cause the ash to react with the acid and the acidic ammonium fluoride, and the deashed coal is thereafter separated from the solution.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this study, we report the physico-chemical and biological properties of a novel biodegradable composite scaffold made of nano-hydroxyapatite and natural derived polymers of chitosan and carboxymethyl...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

A thin-film evaporator requires only a short heating time to concentrate a solution since it has a high thermal efficiency and has a small capacity. Thus, the chemical industry often uses this type of evaporator for concentrating materials that are subjec...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The preparation of wood-plastic combinations (WPC) using combined methods for curing intermediate products and final products is described. In the first step, impregnated wood was irradiated using doses of 1 to 10 kGy in the presence of chemical initiators of polymerization. Thereafter, curing of this partly cured impregnating mixture was accomplished in the wood at elevated temperatures with the aid of chemical initiators of polymerization. Impregnation mixtures based on unsaturated polyester resins and methyl methacrylate, and the wood species European Beech (Fagus silvatica) and Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa) were used. The results indicate that this method of preparing WPC allows substantially lower radiation doses to be used, i.e., doses in the range of 1 to 2.5 kGy. These doses gelatinate the impregnation mixture in the wood so that the subsequent curing by chemical polymerization initiators proceeds without the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of benzoic acid and 20 of its derivatives are presented. The low-energy regions of these spectra are deconvoluted and assigned using chemical substitution effects. 5 figures, 3 tables.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Microorganisms in the environment can often adapt to use xenobiotic chemicals as novel growth and energy substrates. Specialized enzyme systems and metabolic pathways for the degradation of man-made...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model was developed to compute concentration of impurities in the WWER 440 steam generator (SG) secondary water along the tube bundle. Calculated values were verified by concentration values obtained from secondary water sample chemical analysis. (orig.). 2 refs.

CERN Document Server

In dissipative ordinary differential equation systems different time scales cause anisotropic phase volume contraction along solution trajectories. Model reduction methods exploit this for simplifying chemical kinetics via a time scale separation into fast and slow modes. The aim is to approximate the system dynamics with a dimension-reduced model after eliminating the fast modes by enslaving them to the slow ones via computation of a slow attracting manifold. We present a novel method for computing approximations of such manifolds using trajectory-based optimization. We discuss Riemannian geometry concepts as a basis for suitable optimization criteria characterizing trajectories near slow attracting manifolds and thus provide insight into fundamental geometric properties of multiple time scale chemical kinetics. The optimization criteria correspond to a suitable mathematical formulation of "minimal relaxation" of chemical ...

Science.gov (United States)

Environmental surveys to provide base-line data for assessing the potential impact of the operation of Wolseong NPP on marine ecosystems were performed at 3-month intervals in 1981. Physico-chemical properties of seawater and gross beta activities in seaw...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The use of infectious pathogens has allowed the detection of the development of synergism between pathogens and ubiquitous environmental chemical contaminants. This synergism has been demonstrated to...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The EUROTRAC sub-project ''Tropospheric Ozone Research'' (TOR) follows a dual strategy: - Observation of the chemical processes contributing to the oxygen balance directly in the atmosphere; - Establishment of a validated data base for model calculations. Both tasks require simultaneous measurements of a wide range of chemical and meteorological components. In the case of the investigation of the chemical processes, it is also desirable to measure the free radicals directly involved in ozone production. In the project described, a measuring station was set up. For a period of two years and a half, continuous measurements were made of ozone and its chemical precursors (NO, NO_2, NO_y, VOC, CO), as well as other photooxidants (H_2O_2 and organic hydroperoxides, organic nitrates), the photolysis frequency of NO_2, and meteorological parameters (wind, temperature, moisture, aerosols). The station was ...

Science.gov (United States)

The corrosion behavior of Ta, Ti, and Zr in inorganic acids, bases, chlorides and miscellaneous salts, waters and gases, and organic acids and miscellaneous organic chemicals is summarized. (W.L.H)

Science.gov (United States)

A light-sensitive vitamin B12 derivative has been extracted from the adult cestode, Spirometra mansonoides. This corrinoid was identified as the cobamide coenzyme, adenosylcobalamin, by its chromatographic, chemical, and spectral properties. PMID:1003284

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Simulations with a regional chemical transport model show that anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (NO_x = NO + NO₂) lead to a dramatic diurnal...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Auxin modulates diverse plant developmental pathways through direct transcriptional regulation and cooperative signaling with other plant hormones. Genetic and biochemical approaches have clarified...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coal direct chemical looping (CDCL) substitutes the gasification process in syngas chemical looping (SCL), thus eliminating the need for higher oxygen consumption. In this study, operating conditions are assessed for CDCL and SCL, directed towards hydrogen production from coal. The main objective is to increase the overall H{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} ratio for a given amount of coal, based on the various conditions. The operating variables considered as part of a resource optimization analysis include: (i) inlet conditions to the primary reactors, (ii) minimum resource requirements (air, steam and iron oxide), (iii) hydrogen-to-component ratios, and (iv) effect of coal carrier gas. The results suggest that CDCL has a higher hydrogen-to-CO{sub 2} ratio than SCL along with advantages such as low overall resource requirements (steam and air) and fewer intermediate processes. The coal carrier gas affects the hydrogen production only in the SCL system by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ignoring the numerous, known and mainly unknown, interactions between chemicals and ionizing radiations, causes strong controversy about the risks of ionizing radiations. Yet the best known interactions between chemicals and radiations is that between radon and tobacco smoke. Although it is and it will be always impossible to derive quite quantitative laws for this interaction, it has been possible to derive some semi-quantitative relationships based on reasonable assumptions and statistics on lung cancer deaths in developed countries. They show that ignoring the dangers of tobacco smoking as we did still long after we had recognised the dangers of radiations, could asses to radiations thirty or forty times more risks than reality. As present world is flown by tens of thousands chemicals, little or not present in a natural environment, and as it would be very surprising that some hundreds of these do not behave like those ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chemical genetics is an emerging approach to investigate the biology of host-pathogen interactions. We screened several inhibitors of ATP-dependent DNA motors and detected the gyrase B inhibitor coumermycin...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the flocculation/flotation characteristics of combined sewer overflow through laboratory and field testing. The concept involves the introduction of chemicals and buoyant flotation aids into the overflow and the subsequent cofloccu...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Much public health research has been directed to studies of cancer risks due to chemical agents. Recently, increasing attention has been given to adverse reproductive outcomes as another, shorter-term...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

By using EPR measurements of radiation-induced radicals it is possible to utilize human fingernails to estimate radiation dose after-the-fact. One of the potentially limiting factors in this...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ligand exchange of hydrated metal complexes is common in chemical and biological systems. Using the ultrafast T-jump, we examined this process, specifically the transformation of aqua cobalt (II) complexes...Full Text Available