J-STORE (Japan)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The synthesis and degradation of anthropogenic and natural organohalides are the basis of a global halogen cycle. Chlorinated hydroquinone metabolites (CHMs) synthesized by basidiomycete fungi and present...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The synthesis of an extracellular ribbon of cellulose in the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum takes place from linearly arranged, membrane-localized, cellulose-synthesizing and extrusion complexes that...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This invention relates to new phosphor materials and to combinatorial methods of synthesizing and detecting the same. In addition, methods of using phosphors to generate luminescence are also disclosed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The microelectronic cable diagnosis is a substantial tool to determine destruction free the residual strength and the lifetime of laid PE/XLPE medium voltage cables. Fundamentals of the ageing diagnosis and a cost reduced inspection concept are the `Isothermal-Relaxation-Current` Analysis and the Neuro-Fuzzy evaluation software. These new tools are able to determine the ageing status of the investigated cable without any references. The authors also show that the test breakdown during the assessment of the ageing status of criterial systems can be reduced by this approach. The cable diagnosis equipment KDA is also useful for the steering of investment as well as for preventive maintenance. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die zerstoerungsfreie dielektrische Kabeldiagnostik kann heute einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Bestimmung der Restfestigkeit und der Restlebensdauer eines PE/VPE-isolierten Mittelspannungskabels leisten. Basis der Alterungsdiagnose und des Konzeptes ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report provides and overview of calculation models for the simulation of airflows and deals comprehensively with field and multi-zone models as well as the coupling of individual zone and multi-zone models. Examples of calculations are given. figs., tabs., refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to remove ash from coal, it is introduced into an aqueous ash removal solution, which contains nitric acid or citric acid and ammonium hydrogen fluoride. The coal without ash is then separated from the aqueous solution. According to the process, either finely ground coal is introduced into the ash removel solution or the coal with the solution is ground in a wet pulveriser.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The receptor-associated protein (RAP) is a molecular chaperone that binds tightly to certain newly synthesized LDL receptor family members in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates their delivery...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDiscrepancies between the conclusions of different meta-analyses (quantitative syntheses of systematic reviews) are often ascribed to methodological differences. The objective...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Metastable yttrium-oxide films are synthesized using reactive sputter deposition. The yttrium concentration of the as-deposited film is found to vary as a function of the sputter deposition rate. In addition to the synthesis of the cubic equilibrium phase...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Here we demonstrate that the as-prepared MCM-41 mesoporous silica material, which is synthesized using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant exhibits very high capacity for perchlorate uptake from solutions. Thus we discover a new function for the as-synthesized mesoporous materials containing cationic surfactants. These materials are shown to have better capacity than the currently used activated carbon, which is preloaded with cationic surfactant. As-synthesized MCM-41 has a higher removal of perchlorate with 0.378???0.038?meq/g than the surfactant modified activated carbon sample, which removed 0.304???0.005?meq/g i.e., MCM-41 has a 24 % higher capacity than the surfactant modified activated carbon sample for perchlorate uptake because of higher surfactant content and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper the feasibility of phase locking a FIR laser by injection of a highly stable synthesized signal is examined. The theory of injection locking is revised in order to take into account the characteristic features of FIR lasers and turns out to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data reported. From the results obtained, it is inferred that the state of the art of submillimetric multipliers makes it possible to stabilize FIR laser emissions up to about 1 THz.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The programme 'Solarthermie 2000' aimed at the testing and optimization of active solar systems, especially for service water heating. Sub-programme 2 was to provide the technical fundamentals and achieve a certain degree of standardization in order to make the technology economically competitive. This necessitated long-term monitoring of a representative number of systems. [German] Im Rahmen des Foerder- und Demonstrationsprogramms Solarthermie 2000, Teilprogramm 2 erfolgt durch die Foerderung von bis zu 100 solarthermischer Anlagen mit Schwerpunkt in den neuen Bundeslaendern eine umfassende Erprobung und Optimierung von Systemen zur aktiven thermischen Sonnenenergienutzung vorwiegend zur Brauchwassererwaermung. Mit dem Teilprogramm 2 sollen die technischen Voraussetzungen fuer einen kuenftigen wirksamen Beitrag der Solarthermie zur Energieversorgung geschaffen und durch Systemstandardisierung die ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of this project was to develop a new technology for preparing samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the basis of ion fine beam processing. For this purpose processes of ion-beam-assisted removal (sputtering), separation, sample handling and ion-beam-assisted chemical etching as well of system-inherent components were examined. As an alternative to a Ga-source a liquid-metal ion source based on a AuGeSi alloy was developed, characterised and used in the FIB 4400. [German] Aufgabe des Projektes war die Entwicklung einer neuen Technologie zur Probenpraeparation fuer die Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie (TEM) auf der Basis der Ionenfeinstrahlbearbeitung. Dazu wurden Prozesse der ionenstrahlgestuetzten Abtragung (Sputtern), der Abscheidung, des Probenhandling, des ionenstrahlgestuetzten chemischen Aetzens sowie systemeigener Komponenten untersucht. Als Alternative zur Ga-Quelle wurde eine Fluessigmetall-Ionenquelle auf ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the first part of this contribution, the definition of reference values is given and the theoretical and practical problems in the application of this concept are discussed. In this connection, the present resources on instrumentation and the technical requirements for dose assessment are described. In the second part, some consequences are taken and proposals for further actions are made. (orig.) [German] Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes werden Definitionen von Referenzwerten in der radiologischen Diagnostik untersucht und die theoretischen und praktischen Probleme der Umsetzung des gesamten Konzepts eroertert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch der gegenwaertige Geraetebestand und die technischen Voraussetzungen zur Dosisermittlung beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil werden daraus Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Vorschlaege zum weiteren Vorgehen gemacht. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This is a process for the manufacture of a filter material for cleaning industrial or internal combustion engine exhaust gases and filter material manufactured according to the process. The filter material is manufactured from the mineralized combustion product of peel of tropical fruits burnt at a temperature of 820/sup 0/C to 840/sup 0/C in an oxidising atmosphere excluding the production of carbon, particularly using banana skins and orange peels, which product is granulated with carrier materials or compressed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In Duisburg the Citibank is building a new call center. As an alternative to the conventional switch cupboard technology, an innovative energy bus technology by ABB Gebaeudeautomation is being used: it involves less planning effort, faster start of operation and a shorter construction time, cost saving through lower space and material demand, plus the advantage of flexibility of extension. (orig.) [German] In Duisburg entsteht zur Zeit der Neubau eines Call Centers der Citibank. Dabei wird als Alternative zur herkoemmlichen Schaltschranktechnik die innovative Energiebus-Technik von ABB Gebaeudeautomation eingesetzt: Geringerer Planungsaufwand, schnellere Inbetriebnahme und kurze Bauzeit, Kostenersparnis durch geringeren Platz- und Materialverbrauch sowie flexible Erweiterbarkeit sind die Vorteile. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Das Konzept der ?quivalenten Spannung (Vergleichsspannung) wird seit langem angewendet und hat sich bew?hrt. Ein wesentlicher Grund daf?r liegt darin, dass es u.?a. bei der Formulierung ph?nomenologischer Werkstoffmodelle weiterhilft. Von Nachteil ist, dass es weder mit physikalischen Prinzipien in Verbindung steht, noch Informationen ?ber die Mikrostruktur des Werkstoffs enth?lt. Trotzdem wurden zahlreiche Hypothesen zur Formulierung von ?quivalenten Spannungen in der Vergangenheit aufgestellt und in der Praxis mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg angewendet. Als Basis f?r die Systematisierung der zahlreichen Modelle hat Yu die Unified Strength Theory (UST) vorgeschlagen. Diese eignet sich, u.?a. inkompressibles inelastisches Materialverhalten sowie kompressible Werkstoffe mit unt...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fixation of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ and activities of sucrose-synthesizing enzymes, sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS), were assayed in tissues of developing fruit and source leaves from Citrus paradisi Macf. SPS activity of both the outer, chlorophyllous layer of the fruit (flavedo) and source leaves was 10-fold greater than that of the inner, largely non-chlorophyllous layer of the fruit peel (albedo). In contrast, SS activity of the flavedo was 2-fold greater than that of the albedo and 10-fold greater than that of leaves. Fixation of /sup 14/C-photosynthates in isolated tissues (flavedo 2x > albedo) and their redistribution in intact fruit indicated that flavedo functions as both source and sink. Activities of sucrose-synthesizing enzymes were consistent with this dual function.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Tocopherols (vitamin E) are lipophilic antioxidants synthesized by all plants and are particularly abundant in seeds. Despite cloning of the complete suite of tocopherol biosynthetic enzymes and successful...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By isomorphous replacement of silicon by phosphorus the authors have synthesized crystalline aluminosilicophosphates with structures of the zeolites type A and faujasite. They determine the adsorption capacity of specimens treated at 575-1275/sup 0/K. They show that the thermal stability and acid resistance of aluminosilicophosphates depend on the quantity of phosphorus in their structure.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have synthesized a novel stable precursor, saligenin phosphorotrichloridate, which, on reaction with N-monobiotinyldiamines, generates a series of biotinylated covalent inhibitors of serine esterases....Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were synthesized and used as cathode active materials in a nonaqueous lithium-oxygen battery. The GNSs electrode delivered an extremely high discharge capacity in comparison to carbon powders, which is attributed to its unique morphology and structure. PMID:21779551

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

By pretreating simian virus 40-infected BSC-1 cells with glucosamine, [³H]uridine labeling of both cellular and viral RNA can be halted instantaneously by addition of cold uridine. We have...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1, newly synthesized chlorophyll a/b-binding apoproteins are degraded when chlorophylls are not present for assembly of stable light-harvesting...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Two new azidopurine derivatives, 2-azido-N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenine and 2-azido-N⁶-benzyladenine, have been synthesized as...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of two newly synthesized doxorubicin derivatives and of one daunorubicin derivative were studied in V79 Chinese hamster cells and bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important component of systemic-acquired resistance in plants. It is synthesized from benzoic acid (BA) as part of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Benzaldehyde (BD), a potential...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) contains a viroid-like circular RNA that replicates via a double rolling circle replication mechanism. It is generally assumed that HDV RNA is synthesized and remains exclusively...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-based bisbinaphthyl macrocycles (S)-/(R)-5 and their cyclic and acyclic analogs are synthesized. The interactions of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase in Drosophila melanogaster synthesizes mevalonate for the production of nonsterol isoprenoids, which are essential for growth and...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bi-U mixed oxides were synthesized by two methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples were tested for the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen. A stepwise redox mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is proposed. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In most insect species, juvenile hormones regulate critical physiological processes such as metamorphosis and reproduction. In insects, these sesquiterpenoids are synthesized by retrocerebral endocrine...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Line conditioners control voltage isolated in external conductors. Changes of Stern-Delta connections involve voltage drop in a nonloaded external conductor and are therefore compensated. The payback period of a line conditioner lasts normally between one to three years, according to the investment cost for the alternative medium-sized voltage to be constructed. (GL)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new procedure for an efficient and sparing cleaning procedure of turbines was developed. The procedure uses cleaning and passivation chemicals that solve effectively and homogeneously salt and ferrous oxide coatings from turbines, avoiding attacks from corrosion, plugging and unbalances. In several high-pressure and condensation turbines the cleaning procedure has been already put into practice. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A knowledge based system for pitting corrosion is presented. It can be used for material selection for specific pitting corrosion conditions or to check the suitability of a chosen material. The user can enter his own knowledge. The expert system is an integration of traditional expert system technology and neural networks. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This bibliographical study compiles and analyzes findings about the metabolism and resorption of molybdenum. Besides including studies on the physiology of molybdenum 99, a general survey is given on molybdenum in the environment and on its physiological behaviour. In particular, information on the dependence of molybdenum resorption on various factors, such as the chemical form, antagonisms etc., are gathered from literature. These factors have to be considered for sensibly carrying out necessary experiments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objectives of this project were to develop feasible synthetic routes to produce (1) 4(4{prime}-hydroxy-5{prime}6{prime},7{prime}8{prime}-tetrahydro-1{prime}-naphthylmethyl)-6-methyldibenzothiophene, and (2) a 1-hydroxynaphthalene-dibenzothiophene polymer. These compounds are thought to be representative of sulfur containing molecules in coal. The program was divided into two technical tasks. Unfortunately, the attempted syntheses of these compounds was unsuccessful due to their unusual reactivities. Attempted synthetic routes and possible future routes are described, and Appendix A lists the compounds that were synthesized during this program.

CERN Document Server

It is shown that the direct Fourier synthesization of light beams allows one to create polarity-asymmetric waves, which are able, in the process of nonlinear interaction with a medium, to break its inversion symmetry. As a result, these "polar" waves may show the effect of optical rectification in nonlinear centrosymmetric media by generating light-induced dc electric polarization. At the same time, the waves of this type, due to their unusual symmetry properties, can be used for detecting the direction and sign of a dc electric field applied to the medium. The prospects of application of polar waves to data recording and processing are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To evaluate the current situation and implementation of embolization of uterine leiomyomas into the treatment concept in women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas in Germany. A questionnaire addressing the clinical background of uterine myomas, recommended treatment concepts, preclinical evaluation, technical approach and complications was sent to 164 departments of gynecology and radiology in Germany. 33 radiological departments and 19 gynecological departments submitted a completed questionnaire. Only 7 departments of radiology reported to have own experience with embolization of uterine leiomyomas, while only 2 departments of gynecology considered embolization as an alternative treatment option in patients with symptomatic leiomyomas. 18/33 radiological departments offer this treatment option but get no patient referrals. Agreement was found concerning the indications for treatment, preclinical evaluation by ultrasound and MRI, preferable location of treatable fibroids, technical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CT-Expo is a novel MS Excel application for assessing the radiation doses delivered to patients undergoing CT examinations, based on computational methods that were used to analyze the data collected in the German survey on CT practice in 1999. The program enables the calculation of all dose quantities of practical value, such as axial dose free-in-air, weighted CTDI, dose-length product, effective dose and uterine dose. In contrast to existing programs for CT dose assessment, CT-Expo offers a number of unique features, such as gender-specific dose calculation for all age groups (adults, children, newborns), applicability to all existing scanner models including correction of scanner-specific influences, and the possibility of comparison with the results from the German CT survey on CT practice. Three different application modules offer free and standardized dose calculations as well as a comprehensive benchmarking section including guidance on dose optimization. The program is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Today electric power steering systems are regularly considered by the car manufacturers as an alternative to a conventional hydraulic power steering system in the development of new vehicle platforms. Simplified vehicle assembly and the potential to contribute to the reduction of the vehicle's energy consumption are the main motivation for this. The performance of the systems available at present with 13.5 V supply voltage will be improved even more as soon as the future 42 V vehicle electrical systems are available. Like most active chassis systems, electric power steering has to meet the highest safety requirements imaginable. This article summarizes the safety philosophy of the TRW rack drive Electric Power Steering system. (orig.) [German] Elektromechanische Servolenkungen werden heute bei der Entwicklung neuer Fahrzeuge als Alternative zur konventionellen hydraulischen Servolenkung in Betracht gezogen. Die vereinfachte Fahrzeugmontage und das ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The author investigates whether waste fermentation is an economically feasible alternative to composting. Decisions on projects and sites should not be made until the basic problems of feasibility and economic efficiency are solved. [German] In Anbetracht der derzeitigen Situation bei der Restmuellbehandlung, in der die mechanisch-biologische Behandlung als Alternative zu einer rein thermischen Behandlung immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt, stellt sich immer haeufiger die Frage, ob die Restmuellvergaerung eine Alternative zur ausschliesslichen Restmuellrotte darstellt. Diese Frage muss zunaechst prinzipiell aus Sicht der technischen Machbarkeit und von der Sinnhaftigkeit, hier vor allem von der Kostenseite her, betrachtet werden. Erst daran anschliessend lassen sich projekt- und standortbezogene Betrachtungen anstellen. Hinsichtlich der technischen Machbarkeit laesst sich im wesentlichen auf den grosstechnischen Erfahrungen der letzten 8 Jahre bei der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modern oscillation- and analysis systems are often mentioned in the context of oscillation diagnosis which implies that this is a method of establishing the causes of the mechanical changes that cause the unwanted oscillation. Experience shows, however, that oscillation monitoring instruments can merely indicate oscillation symptoms at an early point in time. These findings must be interpreted in a machine-specific way and seen in the context of previous developments in order to establish the mechanical root cause of the matter. A 1000 MVA-generator shows that conventional oscillation measuring systems may also serve for diagnostic purposes within certain limits.(orig.) [German] Im Zusammenhang mit modernen Schwingungsmess- und Analysensystemen wird haeufig der Begriff der Schwingungsdiagnose verwandt und inpliziert, damit auch die Ursache von mechanischen Veraenderungen finden zu koennen, welche das beanstandete Schwingungsverhalten hervorruft. In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass dem Stand ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

LP steam turbine retrofits are generally undertaken as a result of mechanical problems, for example due to stress corrosion cracking, torsional vibration or erosion. They present plant operators with an opportunity to introduce advanced aerodynamic technology, and at the same time improve efficiency and availability. Standard components, the majority proven in long-term service, can be used to obtain a permanent solution to the problems. In several European countries, retrofits have been carried out on intact LP steam turbines owned by utilities whose primary motivation is efficiency improvement. (orig.) [Deutsch] Niederdruck-Dampfturbinen werden in der Regel nur dann nachgeruestet, wenn waehrend des Betriebes Probleme durch Spannungsrisskorrosion, Torsionsschwingungen oder Erosion auftreten. In solchen Faellen bietet sich die Gelegenheit, eine moderne aerodynamische Loesung zu waehlen, die gleichzeitig Wirkungsgrad und Verfuegbarkeit verbessert. Es wird gezeigt, dass hierfuer eine ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basic research in relation to a complete utilisation of animal substances as an alternative to a thermal disposal was done. The composition of different kinds of bones were investigated as well as their amounts which are available. Conventional utilisation was opposed to the innovative utilisation. Technologies will be selected which should be developed, because they have the chance in the case of a fast industrial realisation to get a good profit. There is a global requirement for the technologies which are developed and their products which can be produced with this. The raw material basis is available in the necessary scale in nearly all countries. (orig.) [German] Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur ganzheitlichen Verwertung von tierischen Substanzen als Alternative zur thermischen Entsorgung wurden durchgefuehrt. Es wurde die Zusammensetzung der verschiedenen Knochenarten und ihr Aufkommen untersucht. Die konventionelle wurde der innovativen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For the calculation of humidifier systems in supply air systems nomographs and appropriate software are not sufficient alone. System design factors must be considered, also. On the basis of a clear definition interpretation examples are described and remarks for the effective installation of steam distribution systems are given. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es ist nicht zu empfehlen, Befeuchterstrecken bzw. Dampfdiffusionsstrecken ausschliesslich ueber Nomogramme oder ueber eine entsprechende Software auszulegen. Zumindest sollte vorher genauestens geprueft werden, welche Parameter in die Berechnung mit einfliessen. Zur exakten Berechnung der Absorptionsstrecken in Zuluftsystemen muessen auch anlagenspezifische Faktoren beruecksichtigt werden. Die Erfahrung hat jedoch gezeigt, dass dem Begriff `Befeuchterstrecke` zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wird. Hierdurch koennen Fehler entstehen, die nur mit relativ hohem finanziellem Aufwand wieder zu korrigieren sind. Grundsaetzlich ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We develop a general framework for the formulation of the action principle and the noether theorem for classical noncommutative field theories. We give a concrete example of an algebra that fits into this framework. It describes a scalar field theory on noncommutative minkowski space. We develop a notion of locality for this algebra and investigate the locality properties of localised interaction terms. This leads us to the definition of local functionals on the field algebra. We propose a scheme for the quantisation of these functionals. (orig.) [German] Wir entwickeln eine allgemeinen rahmen, der es erlaubt, das wirkungsprinzip und das noether-theorem fuer klassische nichtkommutative feldtheorien zu formulieren. Als ein konkretes beispiel betrachten wir eine algebra, die sich in diesem rahmen einfuegt, und die eine skalare feldtheorie auf dem nichtkommutativen minkowski-raum beschreibt. Fuer diese algebra wird ein lokalitaetsbegriff entwickelt und untersucht, welche ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A report is given of investigations into the possibility of utilizing red mud from the Bayer process for producing Ferrari cements. On repeated burning at 1450deg C suitable mixtures of red mud with silica and lime form a clinker with a low free lime content from which Ferrari cement can be produced. The average 28-day compressive strengths of cements produced from this clinker are so encouraging that further investigations are appropriate. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A manipulator for checking the inside of a vertical, flange-shaped collector of a horizontal steam generator consists of a rotating mast with bearings at the top and bottom ends with a support that can be moved along the length of the mast for the checking system mountings. The support is propelled by a drive spindle placed parallel to the mast with its drive head bearing in the support and locked into a toothed rack attached to the mast. The checking system mountings are fitted in or on the walls of the support and are very close to the box-shaped support. Their retractable arms are hinged.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

FLUTAN is a highly vectorized computer code for 3-D fluiddynamic and thermal-hydraulic analyses in cartesian and cylinder coordinates. It is related to the family of COMMIX codes originally developed at Argonne National Laboratory, USA. To a large extent, FLUTAN relies on basic concepts and structures imported from COMMIX-1B and COMMIX-2 which were made available to KfK in the frame of cooperation contracts in the fast reactor safety field. While on the one hand not all features of the original COMMIX versions have been implemented in FLUTAN, the code on the other hand includes some essential innovative options like CRESOR solution algorithm, general 3-dimensional rebalacing scheme for solving the pressure equation, and LECUSSO-QUICK-FRAM techniques suitable for reducing `numerical diffusion` in both the enthalphy and momentum equations. This report provides users with detailed input instructions, presents formulations of the various model options, and explains by means of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to improve the capacity and service life of cathodes, the effect of carboxy-methyl cellulose, soot, silica gel and fibres was examined. Structural tests and electrical and electro-chemical measurements are used for this. The additives can affect crystallization in the manufacturing stage of the electrodes and can increase the storage capacity for water and the electronic conductivity. They act to stabilize the mass in cyclic operation. Soot additive has little effect on the properties of the electrode, but the other substances increase the service life or the use of the mass. (LU).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In recent years very good experience has been accumulated with self-supporting low-pressure blades. Today blades are constructed up to a length of 1060 mm (50 Hz) or 1360 mm (25 Hz). In this process modern computational methods from aerodynamics and also from mechanics are employed. The further development of computer technology also permits new methods, for example the use of curved fixed blading as well as the optimization of existing designs. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The comprehensive survey explains the indications and the specific value of the modern tomographic modalities with respect to the various diagnostic issues. Numerous reproductions of CT, MRI, US scans illustrate the aspects discussed. (orig./CB) [German] Bildgebende Verfahren kommen bei der Abklaerung von Erkrankungen des weiblichen Urogenitaltrakts ergaenzend zu der klinischen Untersuchung zur Anwendung. Kongenitale Uterusanomalien werden primaer mit der HSG oder der Laparoskopie diagnostiziert. Zusaetzlich koennen der transvaginale US und in unklaren Faellen die MRT eingesetzt werden. Die Diagnose entzuendlicher Erkrankungen des weiblichen Genitaltrakts erfolgt in der Regel klinisch. Schnittbildverfahren werden bei therapieresistenten, komplizierten Faellen angewendet. Initial werden benigne Neoplasien des Uterus mit dem transvaginalen US abgeklaert. Eine Verdickung des Endometriums ist dabei ein unspezifischer Befund und kann auf eine Hyperplasie, Polypen oder ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

T{sub 2} weighted ultra-short turbo spin echo sequences were used in five individuals with variations in echo times, delayed triggering and echo intervals. To reduce movement artifacts all examinations were carried out with ECG and respiratory triggering. The sequences giving optimal image quality were then employed in 19 patients having various pulmonary abnormalities. Image resolutions, artifacts, image contrasts and diagnostic value were then judged by two observers and compared with CT. In the first study, a diastole-triggered UTSE sequence with the shortest echo proved optimal (T{sub E}=90 ms, T{sub R}=2-4 s, echo=9 ms, turbo factor=19). In the patient series studied, MRT was inferior to CT with regard to resolution and number of artifacts, but better in respect of contrast and diagnostic value. Using UTSE of the lung, MRT can produce images of good quality. Compared with CT, contrast is better with MRT, offering diagnostic advantages for MRT. (orig./MG) [Deutsch] Zuerst wurde an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The RCP method was designed as a residue-optimised alternative to the thermally optimised grate firing of residual wastes. Its technical realisation and development to market maturity took no more than 5 years. In the first process stage the waste is converted to high-carbon pyrolysis charcoal and high-rank gas in the absence of oxygen. In the second stage these substances are oxidised by addition of oxygen. The resulting temperature causes the non-combustible constituents of the slag to melt. In a third, optional, stage this molten slag can be liberated of (heavy) metals to such an extent that it can subsequently be used directly as additive for grinding. Further exhaust gas treatment is facilitated by the use of a circulatory fluidised-bed secondary combustion chamber. Despite the reduced flue gas volume and resultant higher pollutant concentrations in the crude gas, overall emissions are lower than in conventional plants. [Deutsch] Das reststoffoptimierte RCP Verfahren ist als ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blades of modern steam turbines are designed for high efficiency and operational safety. Modern computer programs enable optimisation of design but factors like manufacturing, assembly, operation and downtimes still play an important role. Damage statistics show that blade damage still quite frequent. Selected cases from the Allianz damage assessment centre show some of the more frequent damage mechanisms. Damage is often caused when several factors come together. Prevention of follow-up damage requires early identification of beginning damage.(orig.) [German] Die Auslegung der Beschaufelung moderner Dampfturbinen hat die Vorgabe, einen hohen Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitig hoher Betriebssicherheit zu erreichen. Mit den heute zur Verfuegung stehenden Rechenprogrammen ist eine entsprechende Optimierung realisierbar. Fuer die langzeitige Betriebsbewaehrung haben aber Einflussgroessen aus Fertigung, Montage, Betrieb und Stillstand auch heute noch die gleiche Bedeutung ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two of the working sessions of the meeting were devoted to aspects of international atomic energy law; the international character of the meeting was also reflected by the home countries of the members of the panel discussion concluding the working sessions. There was substantial reason to put emphasis on the international dimension of the topics discussed. In June 1994, the Nuclear Safety Convention had been signed in Vienna by diplomatic representatives of the signatory countries, and this Convention marks a signpost in the history of international atomic energy law. At the time the meeting was held, negotiations for improving the international nuclear lability law, which had been dragging on since 1989, had come to a stalemate. The meeting offered a suitable forum for taking a scientific approach to tackle the complex problems involved in reshaping the law on nuclear safety and nuclear liability. The third working session of the meeting has been discussing topics relating to the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Early in 1988 RWE decided to overhaul the power station at Goldenberg. This was necessary due to the age of the plant, the obligation to supply heat and process steam and recent amendments of environmental legislation. After analysing demands and needs one developed a plant concept with a 290 t/h and a 400 t/h steam generator. Due to lack of space the decision was made in favour of a circulating atmospheric fluidised bed combustion instead of steam generators with pulverised lignite combustion as these steam generators take up much more space due to the legally required desulphurisation plants for gaseous emissions. Apart from generating steam RWE wishes to gain experience with this combustion technology and test it for suitability and use in large-scale plant. (orig./KO) [Deutsch] Aufgrund des fortgeschrittenen Alters, der aktuellen Umweltschutzgesetzgebung sowie bestehender Versorgungsverpflichtungen fuer Waerme und Prozessdampf wurde Anfang 1988 von der RWE Energie AG in Essen die ...

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Experts tend to disagree about the economic effects of air pollution abatement measures. This book, which addresses also non-experts, explains the analytical background on the basis of available data. The authors conclude that there is a wide range of political options for achieving the goal of air pollution abatement. They differentiate between the various levels of discussion and show how misinterpretations of scientific results come about, thus making an important contribution to a discussion that is based on facts rather than emotions. [German] Die Einschaetzungen zur wirtschaftlichen Bewertung von Klimaschutzmassnahmen, insbesondere zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz, sind sehr widerspruechlich. Dieses Buch erlaeutert anhand von Zahlenmaterial die analytischen Hintergruende und ist auch fuer Nicht-Oekonomen verstaendlich geschrieben. Die Autoren kommen zu dem Schluss, dass in vielen Bereichen rentable Energiesparpotentiale nicht erkannt ...

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For millions of people general noise and especially traffic noise are the main sources of environmental pollution. The increasingly stricter noise pollution abatement limiting values laid down by the law call for motor vehicle noise pollution abatement measures. Within the framework of today`s cost- and performance-oriented automobile and engine development developing engineers are required to reduce noise levels. The present state of the art is described and future possibilities of combustion engine structure-borne noise calculation and optimization are discussed from the point of view of K + P Computerunterstuetzte Strukturanalysen GmbH. (orig.) [Deutsch] Laerm allgemein und dabei speziell wiederum der Verkehrslaerm steht fuer Millionen von Menschen an allererster Stelle der persoenlichen Belastung durch die Umwelt. Zur Minderung der Laermbelastung werden vom Gesetzgeber immer schaerfere Grenzwerte vorgeschrieben, die dazu zwingen, Massnahmen ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Crystalline silicotitanate inorganic ion exchanger, with a sitinakite structure is candidate material for remediation of aqueous nuclear waste streams. The syntheses of crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and Nb-substituted crystalline silcotitanate (Nb-CST) were carried out under hydrothermal conditions and the products were characterized using techniques viz., XRD, SEM/EDS, DTA/TGA, surface area respectively. Batch experiments were carried out to study the kinetics of uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr, to estimate the decontamination factor (DF) values and distribution coefficients (K d) for the above synthesized CST and Nb-CST samples from actual radioactive waste solutions. The DF values for uptake of Cs and Sr by Nb-CST after 24?h of equilibration was 355 and 136 whereas for CST it was found to b...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work, a new sol-gel auto-combustion method has been performed to synthesize single phase nickel ferrite nanocrystalline powders by using n-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, as a cationic surfactant. The gels were prepared from ferric and nickel nitrates and citric acid. Ammonia was used as pH adjusting agent as well. The effects of the surfactant on the after combustion calcination process and the reduction of the resulting powder crystallite size which affects the magnetic properties of the material were investigated by XRD and DTA/TGA techniques. The results showed that the ignition of the gels in air have a self-propagating behavior. Addition of surfactant to the starting solution affected the crystallite size of the synthesized powders and their phase constitution. The crystallit...

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In this work it is made a study of the structure and electric properties of chlorate polyethylene (PE-CI) with double and simple bonds obtained by continuous plasma with resistive coupling to 13.5 MHz. The synthesis conditions are power between 10 and 14 W and pressure of (6-7) x 10{sup -2} Torr. The synthesized PE-Cl in that way is soluble in acetone what indicates that probably is formed of short chains and not it shows the generalized inter crossing that is presented in some syntheses by plasma and that it can degrade the electric properties of these polymers. The IR and XPS analysis show the vibration of the C-C, C=C and C-CI bonds. The morphology of the polymer after being dissolved shows a compact and flat configuration. The electric conductivity has an approximately lineal behavior in an interval of 35 to 90% of relative humidity. (Author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A stable BSA blocking poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel was prepared based on in situ synthesized PDMS-gold nanoparticles composite films. The modified microchip could successfully suppress protein adsorption. The assembly was followed by contact angle, charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging, electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurements and electrophoretic separation methods. Contact angle measurements revealed the coated surface was hydrophilic, water contact angle for coated chips was 45.2^o compared to a water contact angle for native PDMS chips of 88.5^o. The coated microchips exhibited reproducible and stable EOF behavior. With FITC-labeled myoglobin incubation in the coated channel, no fluorescence was observed with CCD image, and the protein exhibited good electrophoretic effect in ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Global mean temperature is predicted to increase by 2 7 C and precipitation to change across the globe by the end of this century. To quantify climate effects on ecosystem processes, a number of climate change experiments have been established around the world in various ecosystems. Despite these efforts, general responses of terrestrial ecosystems to changes in temperature and precipitation, and especially to their combined effects, remain unclear. We used meta analysis to synthesize ecosystem level responses to warming, altered precipitation, and their combination. We focused on plant growth and ecosystem carbon (C) balance, including biomass, net primary production (NPP), respiration, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and ecosystem photosynthesis, synthesizing results from 85 studi...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At-pseudohalogen compounds with SCN"- and CN"- were synthesized at the first time using At(THETA)"+, At_0 and At"-. Investigations of the electromigration behaviour of these compounds in free electrolytes in dependence on the SCN"- and CN"- concentrations and on pH permit deductions about compound formation and hydrolysis behaviour. The formation constant for At(SCN)"2"- is 4x10_2 lxmol"-_1 at an ion strength of 0.05_2 molxl"-_1. Between pH 7 and 9 hydrolysis takes place resulting in At"-. The same result has been found in the case of the hydrolysis of AtCl"2"- and AtBr"2"-. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The author analyzes conference materials, emphasizing the studies and latest developments useful for industrial heterogeneous catalysis in view of the requirements of green chemistry. Industrial catalysts is developing along a nanometer scale, so especial attention is devoted to analyzing the reports in the Nanochemistry section on the creation of nanocatalysts, the production of active phase nanoparticles, and the formation of new synthesized material properties. The catalysts developed earlier by Russian research in cooperation with Belarusian scientists are considered, and it is shown that not only are expensive nanocontacts extremely promising for industry, but the efficient and economic low-percentage new generation of nanocatalysts synthesized by wet chemistry and containing nanopart...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isopropyl chloroacetate has been synthesized by esterification of chloroacetic acid and isopropanol, using lanthanum dodecyl sulfate (LDDS) as the catalyst. Various factors that affected the esterification have been investigated, such as reaction time, different water-carrying agent and the amount of catalyst. Under the condition of 1.2/1 molar ratio of isopropanol to chloroacetic acid, 1.0% catalyst (molar percent of chloroacetic acid), 2.5 h reaction time, 5 mL cyclohexane as water-carrying agent and reflux temperature, the esterification conversion of isopropyl chloroacetate reaches 98.3%. The catalytic activity of LDDS is almost equal to that of a Bronsted acid. LDDS, as one kind of water-tolerant Lewis acid, is an excellent catalyst compared to the traditional Lewis acid. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

2,6-Diacetyl pyridine based ligand was synthesized by the reaction of 2,6-diacetyl pyridine with thiocarbohydrazide in presence of acetic acid. The coordination compounds with Cr(III) and Ni(II) metal ions having [Cr(L)X]X2 and [Ni(L)X]X compositions (where L=ligand and X=NO3^-, Cl^- and CH3COO^-) were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectral studies. The studies like elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, UV-Vis, NMR, mass and EPR reveal that the complexes are octahedral. The compounds were examined against the pathogenic fungal and bacterial strains like Alternaria brassicae, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Xanthomonas compestris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A. niger causes the diseases Apergillosis and Oto...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study a novel sol-gel auto-combustion method, using n-decyltrimethylammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant, has been used to synthesize strontium hexaferrite nanocrystalline powder. The dried nitrate-citrate gel, prepared from a solution of ferric nitrate, strontium nitrate, citric acid, trimethylamine and cationic surfactant, exhibited an auto-combustion behavior after ignition in air. The formation reaction temperature, phase identification, crystallites size, particles size distribution and morphology of resultant strontium hexaferrite powder were investigated by DTA/TGA, FTIR, XRD, LPSA, TEM and SEM techniques. The results showed that in presence of the cationic surfactant, the combustion intensity increases and the crystallite size decreases. The crystallite size of stronti...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

TRITEX was a pumped loop with Pb-15.8Li, fabricated from steel 1.4922. In contact with the molten eutectic were also molybdenum, vanadium and armco-iron. The loop was originally designed to investigate tritium extraction using solid getter metals. Over the years the goal changed to the study of metals, corrosion products and purification of the eutectic mixture. Therefore many modifications were done. The first part of this report describes TRITEX. All parts were enclosed in thermoboxes for a homogeneous temperature. One test section was in an argon glove box and could be opened during operation. Other special equipment`s were: permeation membranes and liquid-metal-covergas-interfaces to study the transport of H{sub 2}, D{sub 2} and {sup 3}H, different purification devices, a quartz observation window to see the liquid metal surface, 4 different kinds of flow measurements, level indicators, freeze valves. The second part describes loop operation. Between 1989 and 1996, the eutectic ...

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The first volume of the report covers the state of implementation of primary and secondary measures for SO{sub 2}- and NO{sub x} control applied in the most important industrial sectors in Germany. Integrated pollution abatement techniques, called primary measures in this report, such as process integrated measures and low emission processes, have gained increased importance in recent years. The end-of-pipe processes, described here as secondary measures, are generally highly effective. They represent mature technologies, which are capable of achieving significant reductions in SO{sub 2}- and NO{sub x} emissions, and which have been used in particular for retrofitting existing plants. At first, an overview is given regarding the development of SO{sub 2}- and NO{sub x} emissions in selected European countries during the last 20 years and in Europe. Current national and European emission limits and emission guidelines on SO{sub 2}- and NO{sub x} emissions from stationary sources are ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ribosomal protein L1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds 5S rRNA and can be released from intact 60S ribosomal subunits as an L1-5S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle. To understand the nature of the...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A hydrous oxide film for the application as dielectric film is synthesized by immersion of pure aluminum in hot water. From a Rutherford backscattering analysis, the ratio of aluminum to oxygen atoms was found to be 3:2 in the anodized aluminum oxide film, and 2:1 in the hydrous oxide layer. Anodization of the hydrous oxide layer was more effective for the transition of amorphous anodic oxides to the crystalline aluminum oxides.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

RNA was synthesized in vitro from a T3 DNA template by T3 RNA polymerase and subsequently separated into seven discrete size classes (molecular weights ranging between 0.21 x 10(6) and 6.2 x 10(6))...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Some acylhydrazine derived ONO donor Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared having the same metal ion (cation) but different anions. These synthesized metal(II)...Full Text Available

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rho-Iodo-phentermine (IP) and two of its derivatives, N,N,-dimethyl-rho-iodo-phentermine (IDMP) and N-isopropyl-rho-iodo-phentermine (IIP) were synthesized and radiolabelled with iodine by isotopic exchange. They were evaluated as potential brain imaging agents and compared to IAMP. Biodistribution studies in rats did not show that these compounds were superior to IAMP.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rice (Oryza sativa) seed storage proteins (SSPs) are synthesized and deposited in storage organelles in the endosperm during seed maturation as a nitrogen source for germinating seedlings....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An intermetallic compound Sm[sub 2]Fe[sub 17]N[sub x] was synthesized by plasma nitriding of Sm[sub 2]Fe[sub 17] in a stream of N[sub 2]-H[sub 2] mixed gas. The reaction proceeded at a lower temperature (around 423 K) than that of the conventional thermal technique, but not at room temperature. This is discussed on the basis of the difference between the reaction mechanisms of plasma and thermal nitridings. (orig.)

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This project (a) demonstrated specific dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake in vivo and metabolic stability of a radiolabelled cycloplentadieny rhenium compound in rats and baboons, (b) showed that cyclopentadieny tricarbonyl rhenium and technetium compounds conjugated tropanel could be made by metal transfer with ferrocenes; and (c) explored new methods of synthesizing these compounds under mild conditions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fe-doped MnO2 with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized under a high magnetic field of 10 T. The formation mechanism was investigated and discussed in detail. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EMPA, and vector network analysis. By doping MnO2 with Fe, the relative complex permittivity of MnO2 and its corresponding loss tangent clearly decreases, but its relative complex permeability and its corresponding loss tangent markedly increases. Moreover, the theoretically calculated values of reflection loss show that with increasing the Fe content, the as-prepared Fe-doped MnO2 exhibits good microwave absorption capability. -- Graphical Abstract: Fe-doped MnO2 with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain shape was first synthesized in a high magnetic field of 10 T via a simple chemical process. Display Omitted Highlights: ? Fe-doped MnO2 with a hollow sea urchin-like ball chain ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

French ... Title Synthese d'agregats metalliques par radiolyse de solutions aqueuses de sels simples ou complexes. Etude par M. E. du greffage des agregats sur membranes de carbone.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The special features of prostaglandin biochemistry, of importance for investigation of the possible physiological roles of prostaglandins, are briefly reviewed. The formation of prostaglandins and related compounds from endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid in homogenates of human gastric mucosal and muscle-serosal layers is described. These preliminary data seem to indicate that a low conversion of exogenous precursor does not necessarily mean that the capacity of the tissue to synthesize prostaglandins from endogenous precursor is low.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this work, porous TiO₂ hollow spheres with an average diameter of 100 nm and shell thickness of 20 nm were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with NH₄HCO₃...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Unsymmetric diaryl alkynes were synthesized from the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of aryl halides and propiolic acid using a continuous flow reaction system. This flow chemistry system continuously gave the desired products in moderate to good yields, and produced less byproduct than was formed in the batch reaction.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The proteins encoded by polar-localized mRNAs play an important role in cell fate specification along the anteroposterior axis of the Drosophila embryo. The only maternally synthesized mRNA known previously...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A method for the chemical modification of the initial structure of humic acids by acylation with indole-3-acetic acid chloride was developed to increase the biological activity of preparations based on peat and lignite humic acids. The plant growth stimulating effect and the antibacterial activity of the synthesized humic preparations were studied.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Background: Cu-diacetyl-bis(N{sup 4}-methylthiosemicarbazone) [Cu-ATSM], although excellent for oncology applications, may not be suitable for delineating cardiovascular or neurological hypoxia. For this reason, new Cu hypoxia positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents are being examined to search for a higher selectivity for hypoxic or ischemic tissue at higher oxygen concentrations found in these tissues. Two approaches are to increase alkylation or to replace the sulfur atoms with selenium, resulting in the formation of selenosemicarbazones. Methods: Three {sup 64}Cu-labeled selenosemicarbazone complexes were synthesized and one was screened for hypoxia selectivity in vitro using EMT-6 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Rodent biodistribution and small animal PET images were obtained from BALB/c mice implanted with EMT-6 tumors. One alkylated thiosemicarbazone was synthesized and examined. Results: Of the three bis(selenosemicarbazone) ...

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In the year 1996 the spheres of competence of several DLR-Institutes working in the areas of fluid dynamics, reaction kinetics, combustion, numerical methods and laser measuring techniques have been brought together while contributing to the internal DLR project 'combustion chamber modelling (BKM)', in order to proceed with the computational simulation of combustion processes in combustion chambers of gas turbines. The main issue was the development of a research code for numerical simulation of fluid flow in real combustion chambers. Here the development of computational models of physical and chemical processes was emphasized, among other processes the formation of soot was treated. Moreover, a worldwide outstanding database of measured data for the purpose of code validation has been created within the framework of the BKM project using the laboratory facilities of the DLR, which are in Germany unique for the experimental investigation of the various processes in ...

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1. Cyanide degradation: Of the cyanide- and thiocyanate-degrading bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas spec. were the most effective. 2. Biosorption: Of the isolates suited for biosorption of heavy metals, 597-A (non-identifiable) and 597-A2 (Aspergillus fumigatis) had the biggest potential. The sorption capacity of the fungi for metals varied with the C source used for their growth: apple juice > molasses > glucose. The fungi are not cyanide-sensitive and can even degrade cyanide. Living biomass had better metal sorption efficiencies than dead mycelium. The biosorption rates in waste water were usually higher than in broth. Depending on the metal composition and concentrations and on the exposure time and volume of the mycelia, up to 85 % of the initial concentration was removed from the liquid phase. The capacity of different biomasses for the sorption of metal mixtures was between 65 and 80 mg/g of dry matter depending on the experimental conditions, with ...

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Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are an important group of pollutants with adverse effects on humans and the environment. Primary air pollution abatement measures aim at prevention or reduction of pollutant production in industrial production processes, e.g. by improved processes but also by other methods (closed cycle processes, different process materials, etc.). If these measures have been implemented and emissions are still too high, an off-air purification unit must be installed. Biological purification is the method of choice for low pollutant concentrations. Biological purification processes are based on the activity of microorganisms which are capable of biochemical oxidation of organic and some inorganic gaseous compounds into non-polluting or non-odorous compounds. These processes have the advantage that they work at ambient conditions and therefore remove relatively low pollutant concentrations at low investment and operating cost. Lately, biological filters and washers have ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Faserbewehrter Beton wird heute zunehmend auch bei Tunnelbauwerken (Tunnelinnenschalen, Tubbinge) eingesetzt. Wesentliche Vorteile sind das hohe Tragvermogen, das daraus entstehende Einsparungspotential an herkommlicher stabformiger Bewehrung (Biegebewehrung, Bugelbewehrung in der Randzone), die Aufnahme von Spaltzugbeanspruchungen durch die Fasern, Rissbreitenbegrenzung, erhohte Dauerhaftigkeit, verbesserter Brandwiderstand (insbesondere bei Verwendung von Kunststofffasern), Optimierung der Arbeitsablaufe etc. Neue Entwicklungen in der Betontechnologie haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten den faserbewehrten ultrahochfesten Beton (engl. UHPFRC - Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete) hervorgebracht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird der Einsatz des ultrahochfesten, stahlfaserbewehrten Be...

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The economic development of eastern Europe was associated during the last 15 years with the following average annual increases in energy consumption: Approximately 1% in the sectors industry, building and transport, almost 7% in the farming sector, approximately 3% in households, and nearly 4% in the municipal sector. This trend will not continue. As the economic system shifts from centrally planned to free economy and as the previously secluded economy is forced to face world market conditions as well as changed pars of exchange and conditions of payment, it not only experiences a transitory, sharp dip of economic growth in general but, in particular, drastic structural changes. - While there is to be expected, on the whole a slump in national economic growth, in tradiational branches of industry (e.g., metallurgy, the chemicals and textile industry) as well as in farming, such sectors as the service industry and small trade are expanding. (orig./UA).

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By tests about pipe failure under extreme bending, moment at cross sections affected by circumferential cracks, admissible strains for securing the integrity in the area of a flow link are indicated. These are 7% for austenic and ferritic materials in the undisturbed cross section. From d/t-ratios of 20 onwards the strains are limited by pipe bulging on the pressure-load side. In this connection, circumferential flaws do not have any influence on the behaviour on the strained side, when their expansion does not exceed the investigated limitis of <60 circumferential expansion and crack depth of 0,3 t. (orig.)

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Liberalization and the associated necessity of providing, where possible, inexpensive electrical energy, has intensified still further the demand for higher efficiency steam turbines. Accordingly, continuous efforts are being taken to improve all the flow guiding components of a steam turbine. Special attention is given here to the blading. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Liberalisierung und die damit verbundene Notwendigkeit, elektrische Energie moeglichst preisguenstig zur Verfuegung zu stellen, hat die Forderung nach hohen Wirkungsgraden von Dampfturbinen weiter verschaerft. Es werden daher kontinuierlich Anstrengungen unternommen, alle stroemungsfuehrenden Teile einer Dampfturbine zu verbessern. Das Hauptaugenmerk gilt dabei der Beschaufelung. (orig.)

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After cooling ceilings and source ventilation, simple air conditioning systems like thermal activation of concrete cores are gaining general acceptance. Parallel to this, ground source cooling systems are reducing the need for cold generation. Air conditioning systems of this type are favoured by producers of floor heating systems looking for a new market segment. [German] Nach Kuehldecken und Quellueftung gewinnen jetzt einfach aufgebaute Raumklimaanlagen, wie die thermische Betonkernaktivierung, immer mehr Anhaenger. Parallel dazu werden Verfahren zur Erdkaeltenutzung entwickelt, die den Anteil kuenstlich erzeugter Kaelte weiter zurueckdraengen. Forciert wird diese Art der Klimatisierung insbesondere durch die Hersteller von Fussbodenheizungen, fuer die sich hier ein neues Marktsegment eroeffnet. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas cause a variety of diseases in economically important monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crop plants worldwide. Successful infection and bacterial multiplication in the host tissue often depend on the virulence factors secreted including adhesins, polysaccharides, LPS and degradative enzymes. One of the key pathogenicity factors is the type III secretion system, which injects effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to manipulate plant cellular processes such as basal defense to the benefit of the pathogen. The coordinated expression of bacterial virulence factors is orchestrated by quorum-sensing pathways, multiple two-component systems and transcriptional regulators such as Clp, Zur, FhrR, HrpX and HpaR. Furthermore, virule...

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This process for the preparation of nonaqueous dispersions of water-soluble polymerisates concerns compounds obtained by polymerization of water-soluble unsaturated ethylenic monomers in an emulsion of water in oil. The product is then dewatered to a maximum residual water content of 5% by means of microwaves. The process is azeotropic. The polymer has a molecular weight between 100,000 and 50,000,000, preferably between one and 10 million. Before treating with microwaves, the mixture is concentrated by conventional means until it has a polymer concentration between 20 and 65%, preferably between 40 and 60%. The microwaves have a wavelength between 0.1 and 30 cm. These polymer dispersions can be used in drilling fluids and as additives in tertiary oil recovery. 4 claims.

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This is a process for producing calcium sulfate dihydrate during desulfurization of stack gases from power station boilers, where the stack gases are introduced into a washing tower and are treated with a washing water suspension containing lime in the washing tower, where oxygen in the form of air or of air enriched in oxygen is also blown into the washing tower, and where the washing water suspension drawn off from the washing tower is fed back to the washing tower at a temperature of 45 to 50/sup 0/C in the circuit and at least part of the flow goes via a thickener and where calcium sulfate dihydrate slurry is drawn off from the thickener.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Economic and safe operation of nuclear power plants requires reliable steam turbines with high efficiencies. The progress in flow mechanics achieved over the past few years has allowed the use of powerful methods of flow calculation in developments of new blading with greatly enhanced efficiencies. Thanks to the latest manufacturing techniques, the newly developed blading systems can be produced at low cost. Next to progress in flow mechanics, also the broadbased use of advanced finite-element calculations resulted in a more thorough grasp of the many problems associated with structural mechanics assessment of steam turbine components. The theoretical methods have been supplemented by comprehensive efforts in fracture mechanics and experimental materials studies, thus helping to create a reliable knowledge base which will help to avoid the dreaded stress corrosion cracking phenomenon, in components of steam turbines. The measures introduced to improve operational reliability already in ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Elektrochemische Potentialmessungen (auch Potentialfeldmessungen) haben sich seit Jahren bewahrt, Bereiche mit aktiver chloridinduzierter Korrosion an tausalzexponierten Bauwerken, wie z. B. Bruckentafeln sowie Zwischendecks und Bodenplatten von Parkhausern und Tiefgaragen nachzuweisen. Bereits 1990 erschien die erste Fassung des Merkblatts B3 der DGZfP. Das DAfStb Heft 422 (1991) - Prufung von Beton Empfehlungen und Hinweise zu DIN 1048 - enthielt die Potentialfeldmessung bzw. das Merkblatt B3 im Anhang. In Deutschland liegen somit zwei Jahrzehnte Erfahrungen mit den entsprechenden Regelwerken und naturlich auch in der praktischen Anwendung vor. In der Praxis zeigte sich jedoch auch, dass die Anwendung verbessert werden muss. Die Potentialmessung wurde vielfach sogar falsch durchgefuhrt, ...

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The program introduced here for determining and describing the multi-axial creep of pipes is based, on the one hand, on the results of the nuclear process heat prototype plant material program and, on the other hand, on the possible load conditions which arise for evaluating accidents or extreme working situations. The basis of a theoretical description of multi-axial creep is the invariant theory in which both the von Mises configuration change hypothesis and the Norton creep law are included. Combined tension and torsion are also considered in detail, the superimposition of cyclic stresses in the tensile threshold area is discussed and cases of partial relaxation are explained. Experimental results for the discussed loads are introduced, which have led to satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment. (orig./MM).

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More than 200 years after the birth of the steam engine, the first thermal engine ever invented, thermal engines such as steam turbines, gas turbines or internal combustion engines are still driving most generators for electric power generation, most machines, and most vehicles, and this will remain so until far into the next century. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit Waermekraftmaschinen wie Dampfturbinen, Gasturinen und Verbrennungsmotoren werden auch heute - mehr als 200 Jahre nach der technischen Reife der Dampfmaschine (der ersten Waermekraftmaschine) - die meisten Generatoren zur Stromerzeugung, die meisten Arbeitsmaschinen und die meisten Fahrzeuge angetrieben. Und dabei wird es auch bis weit in das 21. Jahrhundert bleiben. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three different guidelines define the methods to be used for the quantification of exposures due to the incorporation of radionuclides. The adoption of the Euratom-directive into German law requires the adaptation of these guidelines. With this process, the experiences with the practical application of these regulations must be taken into account. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Ermittlung der Koerperdosis durch inkorporierte Radionuklide ist in drei Richtlinien des Bundesministeriums fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) geregelt. Die Umsetzung der Euratom-Direktive in deutsches Recht erfordert die Anpassung dieser Richtlinien. Dabei muessen die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit diesen Richtlinien beruecksichtigt werden. (orig.)

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This conference of Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fuer Erdoel, Erdgas und Kohle focused on energetic utilisation and recycling of waste materials and biomass, i.e. combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Aspects of process control were gone into as well. [German] Die Fachbereichstagung der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft fuer Erdoel, Erdgas und Kohle beschaeftigte sich mit der energetischen und stofflichen Nutzung von Abfall und Biomasse. Verbrennung, Vergasung und Pyrolyse verschiedener Abfallstoffe sowie die Prozesssteuerung wurden eroertert.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two isothermal sections were prepared at 1000 and 1150 C showing the low-Zr phases of the system Fe-Al-Zr. The phase equilibria were determined by means of X-ray powder diffractometry and electron beam microanalysis. For initial characterisation of mechanical properties, hardness values are determined and added to the tabulated data. (orig./MM) [German] Es werden am Fe-Al-Zr-System zwei isotherme Schnitte durch den zirkoniumarmen Teil des Systems bei 1000 und 1150 C erstellt. Die auftretenden Phasengleichgewichte werden mit Hilfe der Roentgenpulverdiffraktometrie und Elektronenstrahlmikroanalyse aufgeklaert. Zusaetzlich werden zur ersten Charakterisierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften Haertewerte bestimmt.

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High temperature components of power plants are in many cases subjected to variable loading conditions such as cyclic creep or strain cycling. Therefore the cyclic behaviour of important heat resistant steels has been investigated under stress control and to a smaller extent under strain control. The behaviour under cyclic creep rupture conditions was determined in long term experiments covering a wide range of loading conditions. This behaviour can be described with the modified life fraction rule and a factor concept of relative life for single stage cycles and additionally with a multistep hypothesis for multi-stage cycles. The description can be adapted to estimate the life consumption under service type random conditions. The strain cycling behaviour was investigated in regard to the conditions of the heated surface of large components. To simulate this type of loading and to generate long term creep fatigue data, a service type strain cycle was developed. Anisothermal and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Trapezblechstege im Bruckenbau kommen trotz der groen Vorteile, die diese Bauweise bietet, in Deutschland bisher nur an einem Pilotprojekt zur Anwendung. Durch die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Trapezbleches entstehen konstruktive und wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenuber herkommlichen Bruckenbauweisen. Allerdings lassen die aktuell gultigen Regelwerke aufgrund fehlender Kenntnis zum Tragverhalten und mangelnder Erfahrung keine wirtschaftliche Ausbildung zu. Dies zeigt sich am Beispiel des Pilotprojekts. Die Ausbildung der Verbundfuge wurde hier nur sehr unbefriedigend gelost und verdeutlicht somit die Notwendigkeit einfacher und praktikabler Verbindungsmoglichkeiten. Am Institut fur Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren der Universitat Stuttgart wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technetium-99m was previously shown to form a stable, neutral and lipopholic complex with propylene amine oxime, PnAO. This Tc-99m-PnAO complex was shown to efficiently extracted by normal brain. However, it is not sufficiently retained in the brain to image its cerebral distribution using convertional SPECT (single-photon emission computerized tomography) instrumentation. A number of derivatives of PnAO have been synthesized and their technetium-99m complexes have been biologically evaluated. A number of these have been shown to have high brain uptake without exhibiting the rapid cerebral clearance that was observed with Tc-99m-PnAO. To better understand the chemistry of these potential brain imaging agents, a number of technetium-99 complexes of derivatives of PnAO have been synthesized and characterized. Substituents on the tetradentate amine oxime backbone were varied to probe the effect(s) of these structural changes on the properties of ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Schiff base ligand, 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde[N-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinoxalinyl)hydrazone] (Ipbh), the 1:1 condensation product of 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-3-hydrazinoquinoxiline, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. A series of complexes of Ipbh with Nickel(II), viz., [Ni(Ipbh)2]Cl2 (1), [Ni(Ipbh)2]Br2 (2), [Ni(Ipbh)2]I2 (3), [Ni(Ipbh)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2(CH3OH)2 (4) and [Ni(Ipbh)2ClO4]ClO4 (5) have been synthesized. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, CHN analysis, spectroscopic studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and TG/DTA methods. The solid-state structure of the complex 4 was established by single crystal X-ray crystallography. In all the complexes, Ipbh acts as a bidentate NO chelating age...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A general approach has been designed to synthesize some mononuclear and binuclear cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, containing aromatic N-donor ligands with the presence of one Cl- trans to carbon. In this way, cyclometalated platinum(II) complex [Pt(C^N)Cl(dmso)], 1, C^N = N(1),C(2prime)-chelated, deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine and dmso = dimethylsulfoxide, was used as a precursor to react with imidazole derivatives (1-methylimidazole, 2a, imidazole, 2b,), monodentate pyridine derivatives (4-methylpyridine, 2c, pyridine, 2d,) and bidentate pyridine derivative (4,4prime-bipyridine, 3 and 4,). Synthesized complexes were fully characterized by using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H} and 195Pt), correlation NMR spectroscopy (1H-1H COSY, 13C{1H}-1H Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum C...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) of SiO_2 is an attractive method for manufacturing Si_3N_4 powders with controlled grain morphology. Moreover, #beta#-sialon powders could also be synthesized from either pure powder mixtures or some inexpensive raw minerals by CRN. The resultant powders have shown some advantages, especially in manufacturing sialon products at low cost. However, there have been only a few works on preparing #alpha#-sialon powders. In this work, Ca-#alpha# sialon powder was synthesized by CRN of a SiO_2-Al_2O_3 and CaCO_3 powder mixture An unusual morphology of hollow balls of 200 to 500nm with many nano size #alpha#-sialon particles of 10 to 30nm was identified from the resultant Ca-#alpha# sialon powders. This has never been previously reported for sialon ceramics. It was consequently confirmed that the morphologies of the products were clearly related to the intermediate products appearing during CRN reaction. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Permalloy (Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20})/Cu multilayered nanowires (NWs) were electrodeposited using a template directed method from sulfate baths via pulse potential technique. Microstructures and compositions of the nanowires were characterized using various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. To synthesize compositionally uniform nanowires with high efficiency, new sulfate baths with a high content of Ni{sup 2+} were developed. The effects of deposition potential and concentration of metal ions were optimized to reduce composition inhomogeneity and incorporation of copper in the permalloy layers. Composition of the NiFe layers was found to be close to 20 at% Fe with a maximum of 5 at% Cu. TEM analysis indicated that individual nanowires exhibit distinct and coherent layering structure with rough and wavy interfaces. A synthesized single nanowire was also AC dielectrophoretically assembled across the microfabricated gold electrodes for subsequent ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

New Schiff base derivatives (L1 and L2) were prepared by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (iso-vanillin) with 5-methylfurfurylamine. Two new complexes [Ni(L1)2] and [Cu(L1)2] have been synthesized with bidentate NO donor Schiff base ligand (L1). The Ni(II) and Cu(II) atoms in each complex are four coordinated in a square planar geometry. Schiff bases (L1 and L2) and complexes [Ni(L1)2] and [Cu(L1)2] were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-vis, mass and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of the ligand (L2) and complexes [Ni(L1)2] and [Cu(L1)2] have also been determined by using X-ray crystallographic technique.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A series of compounds with the general formula (La1-xSmx)2Ti2O7 (0-- x --1.0) has been synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These compounds are structurally isomorphic to perovskite-type La2Ti2O7 until a substitution rate of x = 0.8. Above this substitution rate (x >-0.8), a biphasic mixture is obtained between the substituted perovskite layered phase and the pyrochlore Sm2Ti2O7 phase. The unusual phosphor (La1-xSmx)2Ti2O7 has been elaborated and its luminescent properties were investigated for low rates of substitution. The emission and excitation spectra were used to study the luminescent properties. The (La1.9Sm0.1)2Ti2O7 powders emit bright red-orange lightunder UV excitation. The emission propert...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glycosaminoglycans synthesized by cultured rabbit smooth muscle cells were isolated after incorporation of (/sup 3/H)-glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans in the presence or absence of 10% fetal bovine serum. Glycosaminoglycans were quantitated by two-dimensional electrophoresis after proteolytic digestion of the cell layers and media. The results show that the presence of serum has no effect on the chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate content of the cell layers. The incorporation of (/sup 3/H)-glucosamine into hyaluronic acid of the cell layers was three times higher in the presence of serum. In the medium , the quantity of hyaluronic was two times higher in the presence of serum while the other glycosaminoglycans remained unchanged. The incorporation of (/sup 3/H)-glucosamine into hyaluronic acid was unaffected by the presence of serum. Specific proteoglycans were isolated from medium after with (/sup 35/S)-sulfate and (/sup 3/H)-serine by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There has been considerable interest in producing and studying nanoparticle materials because of the effect of size on their structure, physical and chemical structure. Most studied nanoparticle semiconductors belong to the II-VI group, as they are relatively easy to synthesize and are generally prepared as particulates or in thin film form. Among II-VI compounds, CdS is one of the most studied materials. There are different ways to synthesize CdS nanoparticles such as colloidal particles, chemical decomposition, sol-gel, gas evaporation, magnetron sputtering, electrostatic deposition, and etc. {gamma}-irradiation is one of the effective methods for synthesis of nanomaterials. These nonomaterials have been extensively used in the preparation of nanocrystalline metals, metal oxides, and metal-polymer composites. However, The preparation of CdS nanoparticle and CdS/ polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite by {gamma}-irradiation method at room temperature ...

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Lithium hexa-fluoro-phosphate LiPF{sub 6} is recommended for the replacement of the toxic LiAsF{sub 6} and the explosive perchlorates (like LiClO{sub 4}) in rechargeable lithium electrochemical generators. The aim of this work is to develop a new method of synthesis of this salt and to check its stability with respect to carbonated solvents: ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl-carbonate (DMC) in already optimized EC/DMC and PC/DMC binary mixtures. Two methods using HPF{sub 6} are proposed: the first one uses the direct neutralization of this commercial acid by LiOH in aqueous, alcoholic or acetonitrile environment, while in the second one LiPF{sub 6} is obtained from pyridinium hexa-fluoro-phosphate synthesized from HPF{sub 6} using a new and simple protocol. (J.S.) 24 refs.

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Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by two subpopulations of a mouse mammary tumor cell line was compared. The two sublines express distinctly different growth characteristics in vitro and in vivo which indicate differences in growth regulation. Newly made glycosaminoglycans were recovered from the culture media, the cell surfaces, and residual cellular material. The cell population which grows more aggressively in vivo (+SA subline, a subline that grows in soft agarose) incorporated about 8 times more (/sup 14/C)glucosamine per cell into total glycosaminoglycans than did the slower-growing population (-SA subline, which does not grow in soft agarose). Appropriate control experiments indicated that the apparent difference in rates of synthesis was not due to discrepancies in glucosamine uptake. The main residual cellular molecule labeled was heparan sulfate, but the predominant molecule at the cell surface and in the culture fluid was hyaluronic acid. Overall, +SA cells ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This progress report covers period from Nov. 1, 1989 to Aug. 31, 1990. The long term objective was to develop receptor-binding radiotracers for SPECT or PET imaging of CNS or peripheral nervous system. The specific chemistry aims, as understood on the basis of past findings, were: to synthesize and develop a more polar analogs of 4IQNB, possessing similar binding characteristics but eliminated more rapidly from the surrounding tissues and the target organ, to design a method of introducing a technetium chelating group onto a molecule or cholinergic agent without drastic lowering of its apparent affinity, to synthesize and develop radiotracers based on m-AChR antagonists selective for one of the subtypes of the receptor. The chemistry service aims were to prepare and characterize (R,R)- and (R,S)-4IQNB and derivatives, to provide the triazene intermediate to other investigators, and to provide ({sup 123}I)4IQNB for in vivo imaging. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study, perovskite type oxide YAlO_3 has been doped with different amounts of the divalent cation Ca to synthesize Y_1_-_xCa_xAlO_3_-_#delta# (x = 0-0.21) compositions. The effect of dopant concentration on the crystal structure and electrical properties of YAlO_3 synthesized by citrate gel route has been investigated. The phase purity of the samples has been carried out using X-ray diffraction. The microstructural evaluation of the samples has been conducted by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum analysis. Thermal analysis has been conducted to monitor the decomposition of the intermediate products. The electrical conductivity studies have been performed using a.c. impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature in the range 200-800 "oC in air. The Y_0_._9_4Ca_0_._0_6AlO_3_-_#delta# composition exhibits a total conductivity of 2.5 mS/cm at 800 "oC.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As researchers explore new applications for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals, the demand for effective and readily available radiopharmaceuticals continues to increase. The syntheses of two such radiopharmaceuticals, ["1"1C]acetate and ["1"1C]palmitate, can be automated on the GE Tracerlab FX_C_-_P_r_o by utilizing Grignard reactions. Radiochemical purities of the ["1"1C]acetate and the ["1"1C]palmitate products were high (>98% and >99.9%, respectively) with average non-corrected yields of 18% (n=3) and 10% (n=5), respectively. These data comprise the validation trials for site qualification of clinical production of both radiopharmaceuticals. -- Graphical abstract: Automated syntheses of ["1"1C]acetate and ["1"1C]palmitate using a modified GE Tracerlab FX_C_-_P_r_o are reported. Radiochemical purities of the ["1"1C]acetate and the ["1"1C]palmitate products were high (>98% and >99.9%, respectively) with average ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Damage survey of protective coats of modern gas turbine blade shows that most damages are not due to classic wear mechanisms such as oxydation or high-temperature corrosion but caused by foreign bodies, poor coating during manufacturing, or operation-caused cracks. Mere visual inspection of cracks is often not sufficient to tell whether cracks are superficial or whether they have already progressed into the base material. Non-destructive methods such as ultrasonic inspection or eddy-current testing are helpful tools but there is not yet a fully matured testing concept at hand. Metallographical tests can give important information about crack mechanisms and thermal, chemical and mechanical stresses.(orig.) [German] Die Schadenerfahrung mit Schutzschichten moderner Gasturbinenschaufeln zeigt, dass die meisten Schaeden nicht auf die klassischen Verbrauchsmechanismen wie Oxydation und Hochtemperaturkorrosion zurueckzufuehren sind, sondern durch Fremdkoerper, herstellungsbedingte ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat pumps for residential space heating become an increasingly important alternative to the conventional heating system like gas or oil burner. They offer the opportunity to reduce CO{sub 2} emission associated with heating residential homes in Germany. High compressors efficiency and a wide operating map are required so that an economically viable heat pumps is achieved which meets the operational conditions for present and future heating systems. The design parameter of existing heating systems require relatively high condensing temperatures which can be achieved with dedicated compressor designs. The design of Scroll compressors specially adapted to these heat pumps is shown and their operation is explained. (orig.) [German] Waermepumpen fuer die Wohnraumheizung gewinnen an Bedeutung als Alternative zur konventionellen Gas- oder Oelheizung. Sie bieten die Moeglichkeit, die mit der Gebaeudeheizung verbundene Emission von Kohlendioxid in Deutschland zu ...

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The textbook is primarily intended for radiologic staff and radiologic safety officers and gives information on the current regulatory provisions of the German X-ray Ordinance, applications of X-rays, quality assurance, organisational aspects of film processing and quality requirements of X-rays. An annex lists the guidelines of the Bundesaerztekammer (German National Chamber of Physicians) relating to quality assurance aspects, and further useful information on commercially available film-screen systems, the various associations of physicians in Germany, and requirements and performance of radiation surveys. (vhe) [Deutsch] Das vorliegende Lehrbuch, das sich vor allem an das technische Personal und an Strahlenschutzbeauftragte wendet, unterrichtet ueber die derzeit gueltigen Bestimmungen der Roentgenverordnung, die Anwendung von Roentgenstrahlen, ueber Qualitaetssicherung, die Organisation der Filmverarbeitung sowie ueber die Anforderungen an die Qualitaet von Roentgenbildern. Im ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Only about 25% of residue accumulating in the Federal Republic of Germany is currently used for the purposes of energy. This residue will be converted into fuel for power stations by the Omega process when the dumping of waste with a calorific value in excess of 5 MJ/kg is prohibited with effect from 2005. This oxygen melting process is suitable for the local use of substitute fuels. Waste is converted into a high-quality synthesis gas with a wide range of uses. The Omega process combines drying, thermal decomposition, gasification and melting of the material used in a single-stage process. This is now technologically possible for the first time by combining a metallurgical cupola furnace with a traditional gas producer. The highly-calorific synthesis gas produced by the Omega process can be used in block heat and power stations or as an industrial fuel gas, instead of natural gas. It is also suitable as a starting material for synthesising methanol. The gas is specifically processed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The book is a German translation of an American textbook with the original title ''MRI Survival Guide'' and is intended to serve as an introductory guide for beginners or a reference book for quick information. Readers will find information on the fundamentals of the technology and methodology of MRI as well as all details of relevance to practice in a precise and easy-to-grasp arrangement, covering all anatomic areas of interest, illustrations and descriptions of characteristic signs of pathologic processes, high-quality and unusually large-sized diagnostic pictures, a modern didactic concept for quick orientiation, including surveys, tables, and reproductions for visualisation of contents. (orig./CB) [German] Praktisch jeder Mediziner wird im Laufe seiner Berufstaetigkeit mit der MRT konfrontiert - unabhaengig davon ob in der Radiologie, Orthopaedie, Gynaekologie, Chirurgie, Neurologie oder sonstigen Fachrichtung. Das Buch ist eine Uebersetzung ...

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As an alternative to surgery, endovascular therapy with stent grafts has become the second main treatment option for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Unlike surgery, endovascular treatment with stent grafts is also applicable in patients unfit for open repair. Despite current improvements in endovascular repair devices, significant anatomic barriers still exclude this technique for a large number of patients. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are essential for diagnostics, preintervention planning, and postintervention follow-up of abdominal aneurysms treated with stent grafts. This review covers etiology, pathology, and diagnostic aspects. Materials and methods for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms are presented in detail, and clinical results and complications are discussed. (orig.) [German] Die endovaskulaere Therapie des infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmas hat sich als Alternative zur offenen chirurgischen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 1986, following comprehensive preliminary studies, a 17 MW battery energy storage plant was set up in the insular power supply system of Berlin (West) for the purpose of frequency and output control and provision of immediate reserve capacities. The present paper reports on the initial task, and the dimensioning and construction of this large-scale demonstration as well as the costs entailed in this. It also relates the experiences gained with the operation of the battery energy storage plant in its function as a fast-responding control unit and gives an account of its economic efficiency. Recent studies on the economic efficiency of the plant in conditions as they exist in the present interconnected power supply system are presented. Finally the author reports on the experiences gained with individual plant components, i.e., battery, battery periphery, and power converter and quantifies the cost of plant operation, maintenance, and servicing. (orig./HW) [Deutsch] Im Inselnetz von ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fibre reinforcement of ceramic materials is used above all to improve the toughness and tolerance of damage, compared to unreinforced monolithic ceramics. This improvement is made possibly by the bridging effect of the cracks by the fibres in crack propagation in the matrix. In this work, the crack bridging effect of the fibres is included in a bridge stress equation, in which a clear relationship between bridge stress and crack opening is determined. The most important step for deriving the bridge stress law was determining the probability of failure of a fibre for a given axial stress curve. One relied on the micromechanical analysis of Hutchinson and Jensen here, by which the boundary conditions in multi-fibre materials can be included and realistic assumptions can be made for the load transfer mechanisms in the fibre/matrix boundary surface. (orig./MM) [Deutsch] Die Faserverstaerkung keramischer Werkstoffe dient vor allem zur Verbesserung der Zaehigkeit und ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Titanate nanotubes were hydrothermally synthesized and their adsorption performances for lead(II) ion removal were studied. The results showed that titanate nanotubes ruptured in the adsorption process resulting in two distinct adsorption stages, thus achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.752mmolg^-^1 of lead(II). Furthermore, it was found that the regeneration of titanate nanotubes loaded with the lead(II) ions can be readily achieved using the saturated EDTA disodium salt aqueous solution, thereby avoiding the trouble of disposal of adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed in detail.

Science.gov (United States)

Alternative sources of fuel, especially for transport, continue to be of interest, as the availability of petroleum is likely to decline in the foreseeable future. Coal is a perfect alternative since it is abundant and can readily be refined to products similar to petroleum fuels. This work details the continuing research program undertaken by the European Commission, bringing together results of studies by international experts in the field. The editors have synthesized vast amounts of recent literature to produce a state-of-the-art review covering synthetic processes, single and two-stage hydrogenation processes, processing of coal with heavy oil and catalysis.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first preparation and characterization of the platinum (II) complexes containing five phosphorus ligands are reported herein. The complexes are represented by the formulae (Pt(PP/sub 3/)(P(OR)/sub 3/)Cl/sub 2/, where R = Me or Et, and (Pt(PP/sub 3/)(PEt/sub 3/))Cl/sub 2/. The /sup 31/P spectra of the complexes are presented. 10 references, 2 tables.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polyhalogenide ions of the type AtX_2"- (X=Cl, Br, I) were synthesized via reactions of "2"1"1At(THETA)"+ with halogenides in acidic solutions. The formation and stability of these compounds were investigated using electromigration methods. AtI_2"- is stable in solution down to pH=12, whereas AtCl_2"- and AtBr_2"- under these conditions are reduced to astatide. In the absence of halogenides in alkaline solution At(THETA)"+ changes also to At"-. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

HgTe rod-shape composed of crystalline particles has been prepared by a hydrothermal method, and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of capping agents, reductants, reaction temperatures, and reaction times on crystal structures and shapes of HgTe have been investigated. The results showed that the CTAB as capping agent plays a crucial role in the hydrothermal process. The synthesis procedure is simple and uses less toxic reagents than the previously reported methods.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Three novel inosine-based dinuclear platinum complexes have been synthesized via a solid-phase strategy. In these compounds, the metal is linked both to the N-7 of the purine nucleus and to the terminal amine group of a hexylamine side chain installed on N-1. Cis- or trans- diamine as well as ethylenediamine ligands are coordinated to platinum along with a chloride. The synthesised complexes were tested against four different human tumor cell lines. One of these complexes proved to be more cytotoxic than cisplatin against the MCF7 cancer cell line in a short-term exposure assay.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The usefulness of radioiodination via demetallation of aryltrimethylsilanes was demonstrated. The radioiodination reaction was found to be very rapid and the regiospecific incorporation of radioiodine could be carried out with high radiochemical yields and high radiospecific activity. {sup 125}I-Labeled dimethylaminoethyl iodophenoxyacetate derivatives (5a-e), dimethylaminoethyl iodophenoxyacetamide derivatives (7a-c), iodophenoxyethyl ethylenediamine derivatives (9,14) and an iodophenoxyethylpiperazine derivative (18) were efficiently synthesized from the corresponding aryltrimethylsilyl intermediates (4a-e, 6a-c, 8, 13, 17) by this method. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tb3+-activated Sr3AlO4F phosphors were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The investigation of photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence indicates that these phosphors can be effectively excited by ultraviolet light and low-voltage electron beam. The phosphors exhibit a tunable-green emission. The luminescence behaviors are explained by the site occupancy of Tb3+ ions in the host crystal and the cross-relaxation of 5D3 to 5D4 state.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Silicates are one of the most important classes of compounds on this planet, and more than 1000 silicates have been identified in the mineral kingdom. Additionally, several hundreds of artificial silicates have been synthesized. The substitution of oxygen by nitrogen leads to the structurally diverse and manifold class of nitridosilicates. Silicon nitride, one of the most important non-oxidic ceramic materials, is the binary parent compound of nitridosilicates, and it symbolizes the inherent material properties of these refractory compounds. However, prior to the last decades, a broad systematic investigation of nitridosilicates had not been accomplished. In the meantime, these and related compounds have reached a remarkable level of industrial application. This review illustrates...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports the presence of face centered cubic cobalt precipitates inside tungsten carbide in nanocomposite of WC-Co synthesized by spray conversion processing. EDS was used to identify the presence and micro-diffraction was employed to determine the nature of the precipitates. There is entrapment of cobalt in tungsten carbide during the spray conversion process used to form WC/Co powder. During consolidation, at high temperatures, the cobalt attains enough mobility to precipitate inside WC. A vanadium containing compound was seen at the interfaces in samples which incorporated VC as a grain growth inhibitor. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

New lithium ion composite electrolyte, LiI?Li2S?La2O2Sm (m=1, 2) was synthesized from the binary Li2S?LaOI system through solid state reaction. The lithium ion conductive property was investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. And the highest conductivity of the obtained electrolyte at room temperature was found to be 3.0?10?6?S cm?1. The notable ionic conduction was attributed to the in situ formed amorphous LiI.

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A research program has been initiated to screen and select electrolyte materials for use in steam electrolyzers in the 300-600/sup 0/C temperature range. Screening of a significant number of acid anhydrides, hydroxides, oxides, and phospates for their electrolytic conductivity properties is underway. Of the binary materials examined to date, only polymerized phosphoric acid, immobilized on an H/sup +/ substituted zeolite, shows promise. A substantial number of ternary compounds remain to be synthesized and evaluated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the past two decades, the explosives synthetic effort at Los Alamos has been directed toward energetic heterocylic compounds and has produced some useful thermally stable explosives. The recent evolution of crystal-density predictive methods is guiding our current efforts toward ultrahigh performance explosives. Much of our effort is now on the development of new methods for preparing unique nitro compounds that are inaccessible by conventional techniques. This paper reviews the Los Alamos synthetic program with emphasis on the development of novel thermally stable explosives, and current efforts to synthesize high-density/performance explosives will be discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Here we report detailed dielectric studies carried out on a Barium strontium titanate (BST) (95:5) composition. The material was synthesized by conventional ceramic method and microwave processing, and the later technique resulted in material with high density, improved microstructure and dielectric properties. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency and temperature and well-defined ferroelectric behavior of first order transition was observed. It follows Curie-Weiss law above transition temperature (paraelectric region). Curie temperature is slightly higher for microwave sintered (MS) material.

Science.gov (United States)

A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a specially treated crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said zeolite having been synthesized from a reaction mixture comprising a diamine as a cation source. The treatment of the zeolite material comprises the sequential steps of reacting the zeolite with a dilute hydrogen fluoride solution, contacting the hydrogen fluoride solution reacted material with aluminum chloride vapor, and then treating the aluminum chloride contacted material to convert it to hydrogen form.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biosynthesis of hemoglobin and some of its electrophoretic fractions in red cells of peripheral blood and spleen of irradiated (650 R) rats has been studied. Hemoglobin synthesis is found to be most drastically inhibited in the first and second fractions on the first and eighth days after irradiation and in the fifth and sixth fractions on the eighth day (less expressed). The synthesis is restored on the twelfth day, the process under study proceeding more slowly in the above-mentioned fractions than in others. In the course of radiation sickness, the biosynthesis of certain hemoglobin fractions varies differently in the hemoglobin-synthesizing cells of peripheral blood than in the cells of spleenic erythroid series.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used in cardiac diagnostics. Both techniques have been carefully evaluated and are equivalent for the assessment of regional and global wall motion as well as the evaluation of ejection fraction and cardiac volumes, though MRI is herein currently seen as gold standard. For evaluation of myocardial perfusion, extensive data exist for nuclear imaging, that, next to high diagnostic accuracy for evaluation of coronary artery disease, show incremental prognostic information and allow for independent risk stratification. Because of rapid technical advance, myocardial perfusion imaging has also become feasible with cardiac MRI. Results of recent studies are promising, but the data are few compared to perfusion scintigraphy. For viability assessment in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG is currently seen as gold standard. However, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ...

Science.gov (United States)

Acetylcholine-rich synaptic vesicles were isolated from myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle strips derived from the guinea pig ileum by the method of Dowe, Kilbinger, and Whittaker [J. Neurochem. 35, 993-1003 (1980)] using either unstimulated preparations or preparations field-stimulated at 1 Hz for 10 min using pulses of 1 ms duration and 10 V . cm-1 intensity. The organ bath contained either tetradeuterated (d4) choline (50 microM) or [3H]acetate (2 muCi . ml-1); d4 acetylcholine was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As with Torpedo electromotor cholinergic vesicle preparations made under similar conditions the distribution of newly synthesized (d4 or [3H]) acetylcholine in the zonal gradient from stimulated preparations was not identical with that of endogenous (d0, [1H]) acetylcholine, but corresponded to a subpopulation of denser vesicles (equivalent to the VP2 fraction from Torpedo) that had preferentially taken up newly ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Methanosarcina thermophila, a nonmarine methanogenic archaebacterium, can grow in a range of saline concentrations. At less than 0.4 M NaCl, Ms. thermophila accumulated glutamate in response to increasing osmotic stress. At greater than 0.4 M NaCl, this organism synthesized a modified #beta#-amino acid that was identified as N"v"a"r"-"e"p"s"i"l"o"n-acetyl-#beta#-lysine by NMR spectroscopy and ion-exchange HPLC. This #beta#-amino acid derivative accumulated to high intracellular concentrations (up to 0.6 M) in Ms. thermophila and in another methanogen examined - Methanogenium cariaci, a marine species. The compound has features that are characteristic of a compatible solute: it is neutrally charged at physiological pH and it is highly soluble. When the cells were grown in the presence of exogenous glycine betaine, a physiological pH and it is highly soluble. When the cells were grown in the presence of exogenous glycine betaine, a physiological compatible solute, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Europium (Eu) ions-doped titanate nanowires were synthesized via a sol-gel-hydrothermal chemistry and they were found to be roll multilayered trititanate-type nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and alkali ions. The average diameter was about 20 nm for nanowires synthesized in NaOH solution and about 10 nm for nanowires synthesized in KOH solution. Under ultraviolet excitation the nanowires showed bright red emission corresponding to 5D0-7Fj of Eu3+ ions at room temperature, which was attributed to the non-radiative energy transfer from the surrounding Ti-O octahedral nanosheets to the central Eu3+ ions in interlayer. The luminescent properties of nanowires were influenced by the type of co-intercalated alkali ions, doping degree, hydrothermal and annealing temperatures. The intensity ratio of 5D0-7F2 to 5D0-7F1 of titanate nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and Na+ ions was higher than that of titanate nanowires intercalated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MRI provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool complementing echocardiography on one hand, and showing advantages over echocardiography, on the other hand, especially after corrective procedures. The multiple different MRI sequences need to be adapted to examinations of children and patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and can be used to detect morphologic changes, blood-flow in the heart and thoracic vessels and diastolic or systolic function of myocardium. Several factors determine the success of the examination of a complex congenital heart disease or a postoperative situs. Pediatric radiologists and radiologists experienced in congenital heart diseases have to work in close cooperation. Echocardiography should be performed before MRI. The results of prior examinations and the clinical history of the patients, including possible palliative or reconstructive operations, must be available before MRI to guide the planning of the examination. With a systematic segmental approach ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Present day mammography has not been able to make use of the advantages of digital luminescence radiography because of the limited spatial resolution. The recent development of electromagnetic focusing X-ray tube with effective focal spot sizes from 0.04 to 0.12 mm allows radiographic direct magnification with less geometric blur. It is now possible to combine direct magnification mammography with digital luminescence radiography. By combining high quality storage phosphor screens with an HQ-workstation a spatial resolution of 8 lp/mm is possible for 1.7-fold magnification. For 4-fold spot magnification views spatial resolution can be theoretically increased to approx. 20 lp/mm. One important advantage of digital radiography is the possibility of image-postprocessing. This article presents two sets of standard parameters and three sets of image dependent parameters for better imaging of specific lesions, such as microcalcifications. The introduction of the storage phosphor screen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By using defined compositions based on industrial wastes of the hard-coal mining and a further waste material (red mud), which is obtained during the extraction process of alumina (BAYER-Process), it is possible to produce expanded-clay granulate requiring suitable preparation, shaping and firing at temperatures of about 1150 C. Some of the investigated parameters and aspects of this manufacturing process will be presented in this paper. (orig.) [German] Aus definierten Mischungen industrieller Reststoffe des Steinkohlenbergbaus (Bergematerial) mit einem weiteren Abfallstoff (Rotschlamm), der bei der Aluminiumoxidgewinnung nach dem BAYER-Verfahren anfaellt, laesst sich nach geeigneter Aufbereitung und Formgebung durch Brennen bei ca. 1150 C Blaehton-Grunulat herstellen. Auf einen Teil der untersuchten Parameter und ermittelten Zusammenhaenge soll im folgenden naeher eingegangen werden. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The stirling cryocooler ILK 15 is a machine with simple drive concept. This machine works with a conventional built-in electric motor and crank drive and needs a power input of about 500 W. The refrigerating capacity is 15 W at 80 K with a cooldown time of 12 minutes. The cooler is somehow a replacement for the Gifford-McMahon cycle coolers, which are bigger and heavier. The Stirling cryocooler was designed to cool HTSC-components. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Stirlingkuehler ILK 15 ist eine Kaeltemaschine mit einfachem Antriebskonzept. Die Maschine arbeitet mit einem konventionellen Elektroeinbaumotor und Kurbeltrieb. Sie benoetigt eine Antriebsleistung von 500 W und hat eine Kaelteleistung von 15 W bis 80 K und eine Einkuehlzeit von 12 Minuten. Die Maschine kann als Alternative zur wesentlich groesseren und schweren Gifford-McMahon-Maschine gesehen und bei der Kuehlung von HTSL-Komponenten eingesetzt werden. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The contribution outlines the current status of the building construction projects for the German Bundestag in Berlin. The following subjects are discussed: Energetic quality of the building, energy supply concept, integrated energy supply system, electric CHP systems, cogeneration (vegetable oil), aquifer storage (heat storage, cold storage), solar energy (photovoltaic energy conversion, thermal solar energy use), economic and ecological aspects. (HW) [Deutsch] Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Ueberblick ueber den aktuellen Stand des Bauvorhabens des Deutschen Bundestages in Berlin. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf folgende Themen eingegangen: Energetische Gebaeudequalitaet, Energieversorgungskonzept, Energieverbund, stromgefuehrte BHKWs, Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung (Pflanzenoel), Aquiferspeicher (Waermespeicher, Kaeltespeicher), Sonnenergienutzung (Photovoltaik, thermische Solarenergienutzung), Wirtschaftlichkeit und Oekologie. (HW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the context of the research project, the physical basis of the direct decoupling of highly concentrated solar radiation in materials without the detour via absorbing heat exchanger walls was examined. Also, the first chemical processes suitable for the effective long-term storage of solar energy were analysed, relevant experiments were carried out and the necessary receiver techniques for high temperature applications were provided. The principle of direct coupling was examined on fluidized beds on the one hand and on cavity receivers, on the other hand. The contribution shows the results achieved in detail. It is recorded that first processes for storing solar energy in chemical reactions were able to be examined. Alkaline earth hydroxides accommodated in ceramic honeycomb structures seem to be possible as stores for medium temperature ranges around 500deg C. Investigations on receiver structure materials are also making progress. Highly transparent, high temperature-resistant ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

On February 20th 1998 Auckland, the biggest city of New Zealand, was nearly paralyzed by an extended power failure. On this day the last of four cables supplying the central business district failed and caused a five weeks lasting blackout. This failure has caused costs of 128.3 Mio NZ Dollar for the affected utility Mercury Energy Ltd. The official ministerial inquiry was published on July 21st 1998 and reproaches the utility in an unusual clear manner. (orig.) [Deutsch] Am 20. Februar 1998 wurde Auckland, die groesste Stadt Neuseelands, von einer folgenschweren Unterbrechung der Stromversorgung nahezu lahmgelegt. An diesem Tag fiel das letzte von vier 110-kV-Kabeln zur Versorgung des Innenstadtbereiches aus und verursachte damit einen 5 Wochen dauernden Stromausfall. Diese Versorgungsunterbrechung hat bisher Kosten in Hoehe von 128,3 Mio NZ Dollar (rd. 115,5 Mio DM) fuer den oertlichen Stromversorger Mercury Energy Limited verursacht. Der am 21. Juli 1998 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) is a new hybrid technology for surface treatment of materials based on the principles of plasma nitriding and ion implantation. The equipment and the operation of the system are introduced. As well as providing an alternate method of ion implantation, it is possible to combine energetic ion bombardment with plasma nitriding. Different metal materials and treatment conditions have been studied. The capability of PIII-treatment to improve the properties of a wide range of metals has been proven. Application for forming tools and their industrial test has been successful. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Plasmaimmersionsimplantation (PIII) ist eine neue Hybridtechnologie zur Behandlung von Werkstoffoberflaechen und basiert auf den Prinzipien des Plasmanitrierens und der Ionenimplantation. Die Anlagentechnik und die Arbeitsweise werden vorgestellt. Verfahrensspezifische Vorteile entstehen durch die Moeglichkeit, sowohl alternative ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model describes the effect of changes to the pore structure on the mechanical properties of semi-coke during coking. The gap tensile experiment makes it possible to determine the mechanical properties of the coke and semi-coke; a theoretical analysis is valid for the deformation of samples in the gap tensile test, by which the gap tensile strength of the coke can be determined, and by which a method for the simultaneous determination of the effective modulus of elasticity was developed. The effect of the pore structure on the mechanical properties is given in semi-empirical equations. The main point here is to check whether a pore in the coke can be regarded as a Griffith crack, and whether the interaction of pores can be neglected. A model which takes the pore distribution into account was also developed and tested. A model for the change of pore structure during coking, which includes the contraction of the semi-coke, and which presupposes a difference in direction of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Efficiency of energy coversion of primary energy to an end use in industrial countries is about 30%. This is insufficient. Evaluating on basis of exergy efficiency becomes only about 15%. Usage of fuel cells give a great chance to improve efficiency. This concerns in particular to high temperature fuel cell systems SOFC and MCFC as well as their combination with heat pumps. [German] Die Effizienz der Energieversorgung in Industrielaendern ist energetisch bewertet mit rund 30 % unbefriedigend. Legt man den strengeren, energiewirtschaftlich treffenderen exergetischen Massstab an, halbiert sich dieser Wert sogar. Brennstoffzellen bieten durch ihren Einsatz Moeglichkeiten zur Effizienzerhoehung. Dies gilt insbesondere fuer die Hochtemperatursysteme SOFC und MCFC sowie deren Verbund mit Waermepumpen.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The MRI morphology in combined subacute degeneration has only rarely been reported. We describe two patients suffering from subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord on the basis of a deficiency of vitamin B{sub 12}. In both patients characteristic hyperintense areas on T{sub 2}-weighted images in the posterior columns of the cervical and thoracic cord without contrast enhancement were demonstrated by MRI. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bisher liegen zur wenige Beschreibungen der MR-Morphologie bei funikulaerer Myelose vor. Wir beschreiben zwei Patienten mit den klinischen Zeichen einer funikulaeren Myelose auf der Basis eines Vitamin B{sub 12}-Mangels. Bei beiden konnten mit der MRT charakteristische Signalanhebungen im T{sub 2}-gewichteten Bild in den Hinterstraengen des zervikalen und thorakalen Rueckenmarks gezeigt werden. Eine Kontrastmittelaufnahme war nicht nachweisbar. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rehabilitation of the abandoned uranium mining areas in Saxonia and Thuringia is a task posing also legal problems. The radiation protection laws of the former GDR continued to be effective to a great extent and proved to be a legal basis not ``perfect`` in formal terms, but suitably efficient in practice to tackle the manifold problems encountered in the land reclamation and waste disposal work. Originally intended to serve as a legal interim regime awaiting amendment at a later date, the body of laws available for the task proved to be a sufficient basis. (orig./HP) [Deutsch] Das fortgeltende Strahlenschutzrecht der frueheren DDR hat sich zwar nicht als formal `perfektes`, in der Sache aber strahlenschutzgerechtes und praktikables Instrument zur Loesung der anstehenden Sanierungsaufgaben erwiesen. Bei seiner Beurteilung darf nicht ausser Acht gelassen werden, dass die Ueberleitung dieses Rechts seinerzeit aus der Not eines kurzfristigen Regelungsbedearfs geboren ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The failure rate of dashpots has been determined on the basis of the results of annually recurring function tests on hydraulic dashpots, in order to determine the effects of longer test cycles on the safety of systems GKN I and GKN II. The use of a calculation method made it possible to establish the number of defective dashpots in the system as a whole. A subsequent investigation illustrated the way in which this figure changes when the test interval is increased from four to ten years, and the effects of this on system safety. (orig.) [Deutsch] Zur Ermittlung der Auswirkungen verlaengerter Pruefzyklen auf die Sicherheit der Anlagen GKN I und GKN II wurde, basierend auf Ergebnisse der jaehrlichen Funktionspruefung an hydraulischen Stossbremsen, die Fehlerrate der Stossbremsen bestimmt. Mit Hilfe eines Berechnungsverfahrens konnte die Anzahl maengelbehafteter Stossbremsen in der Gesamtanlage bestimmt werden. Eine anschliessende Untersuchung zeigte, wie sich dieser ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The technical potentials of electric power generation from hydro power in Germany, the current harnessing of hydro power, its costs, and certain characteristic quantities reflecting its effects on the environment are described. These diverse characteristic quantities are compared with those of other renewable and fossil energy sources used to generate electricity. On this basis, opportunities for extending the use of hydro power in Germany and its limits are discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Ziel der folgenden Ausfuehrungen ist, die technischen Potentiale und deren derzeitige Nutzung, die Kosten und bestimmte die Umwelteffekte beschreibende Kenngroessen einer Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft in Deutschland darzustellen. Diese unterschiedlichen Kenngroessen werden anschliessend mit denen anderer regenerativer Energien und fossiler Energietraeger zur Stromerzeugung verglichen. Ausgehend davon werden die Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen einer weitergehenden Wasserkraftnutzung ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The second volume contains a comprehensive presentation of inflammatory bone diseases, including seldom primary chronic osteomyelitis and morbus Paget. Substantial chapters on bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone joints are covering the state-of-the-art of diagnostic techniques of these seldom but important diseases. Besides the importance of projection radiography the contribution of MRI within differential diagnosis und staging of these diseases is emphasized. [German] Der zweite Band des Muskuloskelettalen Systems befasst sich mit der umfassenden Darstellung zur Diagnostik entzuendlicher Knochenerkrankungen und beinhaltet neben den klassischen infektioesen auch die seltenen, primaer chronischen Osteomyelitiden und den Morbus Paget. Umfangreiche Kapitel ueber die Knochentumoren und tumoraehnlichen Laesionen der Gelenke stellen in modernster Weise den aktuellen Stand des Wissens und der Diagnostik dieser seltenen, aber aus differenzialdiagnostischer Sicht ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the course of the research project 'Investigations of trace element concentrations in coal seams with different mineral groups', 31 seam coals of the Ruhr Carboniferous were analysed in order to determine the bending of 14 coal-relevant trace elements to the mineral groups and/or minerals of the coals. Products with different ash content were produced by fluctuation of the seam coals in a laboratory cell. The raw coals and fluctuation component products were analyzed chemically and mineralogically in order to get a quantitative raw material characterisation of the sampled material. Particular interest is taken in the chemical and non-ecological composition of the mineral as ash carrier in the coal and the fluctuation component products, as well as in trace element control. (orig./EF).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In car parks of considerable length, the removal of exhaust emissions, is carried out by air-conditioning systems mainly through transverse ventilation over short routes. The required air-conditioning ducts frequently produce a reduction in the available parking space simply due to their presence, resulting in restrictive effects on the level of acceptance by the users. In such cases, remedial action can be taken by creating ductless longitudinal ventilation. Depending on the required room air quality in the zones with the highest level of pollution, the volumetric flows for longitudinal disposal are no greater than those for conventional transverse ventilation. In conjunction with architecturally clear and positive lighting designs, clearly laid out car parks with a friendly atmosphere can be created which the user will be pleased to accept. (orig./BWI)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The criterion the study is based on in evaluating environmental risks is the possibility of harmful changes in air, water and soils rather than the harmful environmental impacts these changes are caused by. The two significant criteria, i.e. the evaluated environmental hazards potentials or 'value parameters', and the evaluated damage-to-the-environment probabilities or 'safety parameters', reveal the respective environmental risks or 'risk factors'. These risk factors are classified by 23 environmental risk parameters for differentiation between low-risk and high-aid for pollution abatement measures provided that one fixes acceptance limits for the environmental parameters. As a rule the environmental risks of technical facilities which handle hazardous materials can be evaluated appropriately and the results can be compared. (orig./HSCH).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Problems with the refractory liners of incinerator combustion chambers have accompanied incinerators from the very beginning. They increased during the past decade, owing to higher combustion temperatures required by law (17. BImSchV), the higher calorific values of the waste to be combusted, and the higher or changed pollutant concentrations in the waste materials. This caused the providers and the materials and the producers of incinerators to develop new refractory products and new design concepts, with a great variety of processes and cost levels. [German] Seit Beginn der Abfallverbrennung, insbesondere aber mit zunehmender Tendenz in den vergangenen 10 Jahren, wird ueber Probleme mit der Feuerfestauskleidung in den Brennkammern von Abfallverbrennungsanlagen geklagt. Als Gruende fuer die zunehmenden Korrosionsprobleme werden die hoeheren gesetzlich geforderten Verbrennungstemperaturen (17. BImSchV), die hoeheren Heizwerte der verbrannten Abfaelle und die hoeheren bzw. geaenderten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report gives a brief introduction into the EU grant programmes since 1984 and explains the philosophy behind them. The current situation regarding grant opportunities for the construction and modernization of small hydroelectric installations is outlined. Hints are given with a view to grant applications. A selection of small hydro power stations supported by grants (since 1984) are described with their economic and technical features. (orig.) [Deutsch] In diesem Beitrag wird eine kurze Einfuehrung in die EU-Foerderprogramme seit 1984 und Erlaeuterungen zu der Programmphilosophie gegeben. Die derzeitige Situation bezueglich der Foerderung von Kleinwasserkraftanlagen fuer Neubauten und Modernisierungsmassnahmen wird dargestellt. Es werden Hinweise zur Stellung eines Foerderantrags beschrieben. Abschliessend erfolgt die Vorstellung einer Auswahl von gefoerderten Kleinwasserkraftanlagen (seit 1984) mit den wirtschaftlichen und technischen Besonderheiten. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modernisation of older office buildings commonly includes installation of air conditioning systems as good air quality and thermal comfort will improve the staff`s efficiency at work. However, what about tenants who want their own, individually controlled single-storey air conditioning plang? And what about retrofitting further storeys with single-storey air conditioning? An exemplary solution to this problem was found in Hamburg. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der Sanierung aelterer Buero- und Geschaeftshaeuser werden die Raeume immer haeufiger mit Klimaanlagen ausgestattet. Ein Grund fuer den Trend zur Klimatisierung: Gute Luftqualitaet und angenehme Temperaturen erhoehen die Leistungsfaehigkeit des Menschen. Was aber, wenn ein Mieter fuer seine Bueroetage eine eigene, individuell steuerbare Klimaanlage wuenscht? Und was passiert, wenn andere Bueroetagen mit weiteren Klimaanlagen nachgeruestet werden? In Hamburg wurde dieses Problem auf beispielhafte Weise geloest. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Report by a participant in the International Nuclear Law School. In 2001, this advanced training course was first offered by the OECD-NEA together with the University of Montpellier and other international partners. This effort is intended to provide an overview of nuclear law, a discipline normally playing a subordinate role in curricula. In this way, a contribution is to be made to the important preservation of the existing knowledge base and to increasing know-how in this field. In 2003, the International Nuclear Law School will be continued with a new curriculum addressed to all interested participants. (orig.) [German] Erfahrungsbericht eines Teilnehmers der Internationalen Schule fuer Nuklearrecht 2002 an der Universitaet Montpellier. Erstmals im Jahr 2001 wurde diese Fortbildungsveranstaltung von der Nuclear Energy Agency der Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD-NEA) zusammen mit der Universitaet Montpellier und weiteren internationalen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DMT has developed what is called the stepped reforming process. This is an allothermal gasification process which uses hydrogen for a gasification medium. First the biomass is pyrolised by means of a heat transfer material. The escaping gaseous and condensable constituents are hydrogenated, heated in a reforming stage and are made to react to a hydrogen-rich product gas by means of homogeneous gasification. The heat required for this is provided by burning the pyrolysis coke. This makes it possible to dispense with process stages that would involve gasification of solid material and hence require higher pressure levels. The present process also works at ambient pressure. Moreover, stepped reforming promises a number of additional advantages: low-tar product gas containing 60% hydrogen, high cold gas efficiency, no wastewater arisings, robust operating behaviour. This paper outlines the basic ideas that led to the development of stepped reforming process and describes its diverse ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To study the biogeochemical behaviour, mobility and transport of trace metals in seawater (Se, Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn), in suspended particulate matter (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn, Al, Mn) and in sediments of the inner and outer coastal regions, samples were collected on 3 separate cruises during a one year period (Mai 1993 - April 1994) at 20 stations in the coastal area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Standard hydrographic parameters, nutrients and dissolved oxygen were also measured. Priority was taken to establish the methods for the determination of molybdenum and selenium. To study the behaviour of these two elements in detail, longterm measurements were carried out weekly between January 1993 and June 1994 at the `Messsteg/Warnemuende`. Because of parallel measurements correlations to biological, chemical and hydrographic parameters have been tested. The total database is summarized in the Appendix. The results are presented in 30 figures and 13 tables and are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain is a disease of unknown etiology, which is increasing in incidence and has an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the lack of specific changes on CT or MRI in most cases, these procedures may typically facilitate the diagnosis: A focal-enhancing mass with subependymal spread on CT or MRI and hyperattenuation on nonenhanced CT are the most reliable features in the diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. Peritumoral edema and mass effect are usually not prominent features. On unenhanced CT scans they usually appear homogeneously isodense to mildly hyperdense relative to the gray matter. On MRI these tumors are slightly hypointense on T1-weighted images and slightly hpyerintense on PD- and T2-weighted images relative to the gray matter. On CT and MRI enhancement is usually homogeneous. Contrast-enhanced MRI, with its multiplanar capability, lack of bone-induced artifacts, and high-contrast resolution, is likely to reveal subependymal spread ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A procedure is described for the isolation and determination of {sup 90}Sr, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 228}Ra and {sup 210}Pb in food. These nuclides are highly radiotoxic, above all for babies and children. Samples are dry ashed, alkali metals are removed as carbonates. Separation from other matrix ions and separation of Ra, Sr and Pb can be achieved with a column of Sr-Spec, an immobilized crown ether. For activity measurements membrane filters with SrSO{sub 4}, Ba(Ra)SO{sub 4} and PbS are prepared. Ra is determined by gamma-spectrometry, {sup 90}Sr and {sup 210}Pb are determined by low-level-betacounting. The determination limits are 10 mBq/kg for {sup 90}Sr and {sup 210}Pb and 50 mBq/kg for {sup 226}Ra and {sup 228}Ra. The procedure is useful for all kinds of foodstuff. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es wird ein Analysengang zur Abtrennung und Bestimmung von {sup 90}Sr, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 228}Ra und {sup 210}Pb in Lebensmitteln beschrieben. Ein Merkmal dieser Nuklide ist ihre hohe ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In technical combustors, flow and combustion processes inside the combustion chamber determine the design and also the safety of the plant. A modelling technique was developed at TU Dresden which comprises both numerical simulations and experimental data and thus achieves a high degree of transparency in its visualisation of the processes inside the combustion chambers under investigation. With the experience gained, numerical models of commercial simulation software (FLUENT, CFX) can be validated by measured values, and potential applications of the programs can be investigated. The first stage of experimental modelling consisted in isothermal (cold) modelling in consideration of flow-relevant similarity characteristics. In the reactive, non-isothermal models, the fuel/air ratio and temperature conditions inside the original combustion chamber were modelled as well. In order to obtain detailed data on the combustion conditions at the burner, measurements were made on a separate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report completes the documentation for the research project 'High Pressure Compressor - Preliminary Design as Basis for the Development of an Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Core Engine' which was funded by the Ministry of Economics of State Brandenburg. The objective of the project is to deliver a preliminary compressor aerodynamic design as well as design studies for an efficient, weight and cost improved compressor. The increase of stage pressure ratio and improved efficiency, whilst stage and blade count is reduced, has been achieved by advanced 3D methods. Compressor stability also at off-design conditions will be retained. The mechanical design focusses on a cost and weight optimised rotor not only for a conventional bladed discs but also for Blish stages. Various options for split casings have been developed and assessed. Alternative vortex reducers based on different design options have been carried out. The results from this project will be ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phenolic resins have made a major breakthrough in the field of high technology in 80's. These are now active participants of "high tech' areas ranging from electronics, computers, communication, outer space, aerospace, advanced materials, bio materials and technology. A phenol - formaldehyde (1:1.5) resin having resin content of 70% synthesized in the laboratory has been applied for wood coating and reinforcing glass fiber. The weatherability and solvent resistance of these items have been studied and results discussed keeping in view the envisaged application for structural materials and chemical equipment. The toxic materials released during contact with solvents for chemical applications and during degradation general have been monitored. The results are discussed with reference to environmental pollution due to these resins and their composites under different conditions. (authors)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Metallic Zn films were deposited on glass substrates by electron-beam evaporation. ZnO films were synthesized by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air. At the annealing temperature of 550 ?C, ZnO nanowires appeared on the surface, which mainly result from the decrease of oxidation rate. A ZnO ultraviolet photodetector was fabricated based on a metal-semiconductor-metal planar structure. The detector showed a large UV photoresponse with an increase of two orders of magnitude. It is concluded that promising UV detectors can be obtained on ZnO films by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films. The ways of performing spectral response measurements for polycrystalline ZnO films are also discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) has been investigated using mixtures of synthesized aromatic dithiophosphinic acids (R_2PSSH) and tributylphosphate (TBP), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or tributylphosphine oxide (TBPO) in toluene from nitric acid (0.01-1.5 mol l"-"1). There was no detectable extraction when R_2PSSHs were used alone as extractants for either Am(III) or Eu(III) (D_A_m_,_E_u<10"-"4) under the experimental conditions used in this study. High separation factors (D_A_m/D_E_u>20) with D_A_m>1 were achieved in the nitric acid range 0.1-1 moll"-"1 by means of a synergistic mixture of bischlorodithiophosphinic acid with TBP, TOPO or TBPO. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasol, a South-African company, has converted coal into synthetic fuels for 40 years; in order to increase by 6 pc its annual production (40 Mt coal are processed), Sasol has launched the Sky High project and intends to replace the ancient Sasol Synthol reactors by Advanced Synthol reactors using conventional fluidized beds instead of circulating fluidized beds. Coal is first gasified under high pressure and high temperature conditions (the Secunda site uses the Fischer-Tropsch conversion process) and is then processed in the reactor through a single phase process using an iron-base catalyst, leading to significant cost reductions.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A series of novel triazolinones were synthesized and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The herbicidal activities were evaluated against Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Digitaria adscendens, Brassica napus and Amaranthus retroflexus. The herbicidal activity data indicated that the title compounds had higher activities with substituted benzyl group moieties than with other groups such as sulfonyl, alkyl, etc. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, comparative molecular field analysis was performed on the basis of herbicidal activity data. Both the steric and electronic field distributions of comparative molecular field analysis are in good agreement in this work. The results showed that a b...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new low molecular mass organogelator 1 containing 2-(2prime-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HPB) group with long alkyl chain was synthesized by the reaction with 5-amino-2-(2prime-hydroxy-4prime-methylphenyl)benzoxazole and dodecyl isocyanate in THF at room temperature. The reversible gelation ability of 1 was investigated using a heating-cooling method in various organic solvents. The stable organogel was formed from carbon tetrachloride or from cyclohexane at the concentration as low as 0.9%. The self-assembled supramolecular gel structure formed by non-covalent bonding was confirmed with field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) exhibiting fibril- or ribbon-shaped structure depending on the solvent used. Regarding the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) phenomenon, t...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Metallic nanoparticles was synthesized in SiO{sub 2} matrices by means of a process of two stages. The first one proceeded via sol-gel, incorporating the metallic precursors to the reaction system before the solidification of the matrix. Later on, the samples underwent a thermal treatment in atmosphere of H{sub 2}, carrying out the reduction of the metals that finally formed to the nanoparticles. Then it was detected the presence of smaller nanoparticles than 20 nm, dispersed and with the property of being liberated easily of the matrix, conserving a free surface, chemically reactive and with response to external electromagnetic radiation. The system SiO{sub 2}-Pd showed an important thermoluminescent response. (Author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this work, a mixed cationic--anionic [i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-sodium octyl sulphate] surfactant system was used to synthesize the magnetite particles. The loading content of iron ions (Fe"3"+ and Fe"2"+) into the surfactant system was varied to study its effect on the formation of magnetite, magnetic and morphological properties of the magnetite particles encapsulated by the surfactant vesicles. It has been verified that the vesicle-encapsulated magnetite particles with sizes from 100 to 200 nm were formed, which were almost independent of the loading content of iron ions. However, the morphological structure of the magnetite particles was dependent on the loading content of iron ions and there existed an optimal loading content for a full packing of the surfactant vesicles with the magnetite particles.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eu"3"+ and Tb"3"+ complexes with novel branched calix[4]arene ligands incorporating 2,2' -bipyridine subunits functionalized in the 6- or 5,5'-positions have been synthesized and their photophysical properties investigated. High luminescence intensity was obtained for the Eu"3"+ complex of the calix[4]arene ligand carrying four 5,5' -substituted- 2,2' -bipyridines, which has high molar extinction coefficients (#epsilon#_m_a_x 39 600 M"-"1 cm"-"1) and a high luminescence quantum yield (15%). (authors). 12 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We synthesized Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites through a combination of solvothermal, hydrothermal, and chemical redox reactions. Characterization of the resulting samples by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurement is reported. Compared to Fe3O4g nanocomposites, the Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites showed enhanced antibacterial activity. The Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites were able to almost entirely prevent growth of Escherichia coli when the concentration of Ag nanoparticles was 10mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4Gg nanocomposites was maintained for more than 40h at 37^oC. The intermediate carbon layer not only protects magnetic core, but also improves the dispersion and antibacterial activity of the...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The dimercaptosuccinic acid metronidazole ester (DMSAMe) was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc to form the 99mTc-DMSAMe complex in high yield. The radiochemical purity of the 99mTc-DMSAMe complex was over 90%, as measured by TLC and by HPLC, without any notable decomposition at room temperature over a period of 6?h. Its partition coefficient indicated that it was a lipophilic complex. The tumor cell experiment and the biodistribution in mice bearing S 180 tumor showed that the 99mTc-DMSAMe complex had a certain hypoxic selectivity and accumulated in the tumor with high uptake and good retention. The tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios increased with time, suggesting it would be a possible tumor hypoxia imaging agent.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Plants use multiple defence mechanisms comprising both constitutive and inducible barriers to prevent entering of phytopathogenic micro-organisms. In many plant species one of the most efficient responses to combat attacking microbes is the rapid synthesis of antimicrobial low molecular weight phytoalexins, for example, resveratrol, 3,5,4prime-trihydroxystilbene (1). Resveratrol and its natural derivatives, however, display only moderate antimicrobial effects. Nevertheless, resveratrol may be a useful lead structure for the chemical synthesis of antimicrobials. In this study, several series of stilbenes have been synthesized, starting from the aldehydes using Wittig reactions to access the corresponding styrenes that were subjected to Mizoroki-Heck reactions to yield the stilbenes in good ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mesocarp tissue from sucrose-accumulating sweet melon (Cucumis melo cv. Galia) showed sucrose synthase activity (ca 1 nkat/gfw) while soluble acid invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities were not observed. Sucrose uptake into mesocarp discs was linear with sucrose concentration (1-500 mM) and unaffected by PCMBS and CCCP. Sucrose compartmentation into the vacuole also increased linearly with sucrose concentration as indicated by compartmental efflux kinetics. Mesocarp discs incubated in /sup 14/C-fructose + UDP-glu synthesized /sup 14/C-sucrose and efflux kinetics indicated that the /sup 14/C-sucrose was compartmentalized. These data support the hypothesis that two mechanisms are involved in sucrose accumulation in sweet melon: (1) compartmentation of intact sucrose and (2) synthesis of sucrose via sucrose synthase and subsequent compartmentation in the vacuole.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Reactive blue 2 (RB-2) had been characterized as a relatively potent ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) inhibitor with some selectivity for NTPDase3. In search for the pharmacophore and to analyze structure-activity relationships we synthesized a series of truncated derivatives and analogs of RB-2, including 1-amino-2-sulfo-4-ar(alk)ylaminoanthraquinones, 1-amino-2-methyl-4-arylaminoanthraquinones, 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone 2-sulfonic acid esters and sulfonamides, and bis-(1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone) sulfonamides, and investigated them in preparations of rat NTPDase1, 2, and 3 using a capillary electrophoresis assay. Several 1-amino-2-sulfo-4-ar(alk)ylaminoanthraquinone derivatives inhibited E-NTPDases in a concentration-dependent manner. The 2-sulfonate group ...

CERN Document Server

Synthesis of protein molecules in a cell are carried out by ribosomes. A ribosome can be regarded as a molecular motor which utilizes the input chemical energy to move on a messenger RNA (mRNA) track that also serves as a template for the polymerization of the corresponding protein. The forward movement, however, is characterized by an alternating sequence of translocation and pause. Using a quantitative model, which captures the mechanochemical cycle of an individual ribosome, we derive an {\\it exact} analytical expression for the distribution of its dwell times at the successive positions on the mRNA track. Inverse of the average dwell time satisfies a ``Michaelis-Menten-like'' equation and is consistent with the general formula for the average velocity of a molecular motor with an unbranched mechano-chemical cycle. Extending this formula appropriately, we also derive the exact force-velocity relation for a ribosome. Often many ribosomes simultaneously move on the same mRNA track, ...

Science.gov (United States)

Three analogs of lidocaine (benzyl carbamyl, benzyl nitrile and methyl nitrile) were synthesized and examined for cardiovascular and central activity. The benzyl carbamyl analog was more potent than lidocaine in lowering blood pressure but possessed only slight local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic and CNS-depressant activity. At 40 mg/kg the benzyl nitrile derivative was superior to lidocaine in protecting against chloroform-induced arrhythmias. The methyl nitrile analog was less active than the benzyl nitrile analog in most parameters examined. The benzyl nitrile derivative and lidocaine had similar potencies on blood pressure depression, local anesthetic activity and ability to protect against calcium chloride-induced arrhythmias. Unlike the benzyl carbamyl derivative both lidocaine and the benzyl nitrile compounds appear to depress the cardiovascular system via a common mechanism. PMID:515167