International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

All stable even-A molybdenum isotopes and sup(90,92)Zr have been investigated with the (d, "6Li) reaction at Esub(d) = 45 MeV to study proton- and neutron-pair correlations. Differential cross sections were measured for states up to Esub(x) = 3 MeV in "8"6Sr, sup(88,92,94,96)Zr and up to 6 MeV in "8"8Sr and "9"0Zr. Particular attention was paid to the comparison of #alpha#-pickup data with two-nucleon pickup data. The population of low-lying 0"+ and 5"- states for two-neutron and four-nucleon pickup reactions was calculated using simple phenomenological wave functions for the initial and final states. The results of these calculations are in satisfactory agreement with the data. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using the PMR method the interaction of zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides with tri.tet.butylphenyl ester of 1,2- naphthoquinonediazide (2)-5-sulfonic acid is studied. The formation of MCl/sub 4/xNQD complexes is established, the equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of complexing reaction are determined. The presence of rapid ligand exchange, proceeding according to associative mechanism, is detected. The rate constants and activation energies of the exchange reaction are calculated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... range krypton 86 reactions molybdenum 92 target probability quasi-elastic

Science.gov (United States)

Over the recent years the nuclear structure around the N = 50 shell closure, which is very pronounced in the strontium and zirconium isotopes, has been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical work. On the proton side Z = 38 and Z = 40 provide fairly closed sub-shells. In the strontium isotopes the lg/sub 9/2/ neutron shell is closed at /sup 88/Sr, supplying relatively pure neutron-hole and neutron-particle states with large spectroscopic factors in /sup 87/Sr and /sup 89/Sr, as well as core-coupled states. The mass region is thus ideally suited to examine the transition from a correlated to an uncorrelated (chaotic.) excitational behavior. These two types are characterized e.g. by the density of excited states, the transition strengths, and the spectroscopic factors observed in transfer reactions. We conducted (n,..gamma..) and (d,p) reactions leading to /sup 87,88,89/Sr in addition to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The half-life ({ital T}{sub 1/2}) and {ital g} factor of the 2002 keV 11{sup {minus}} isomer in the odd-odd nucleus {sup 92}Tc produced by the pulsed heavy-ion reaction {sup 68}Zn({sup 28}Si,{ital p}3{ital n}){sup 92}Tc have been measured using time differential perturbed angular distribution method. The measured {ital T}{sub 1/2} value is 3.15(20) ns. From the observed spin precession frequency {omega}{sub {ital L}} of a {sup 92}Tc recoil implanted into a ferromagnetic Ni host, we obtain the {ital g} factor to be 0.806(20). The measured value of the {ital g} factor is in good agreement with a shell model analysis carried out using {pi}({ital p}{sub 1/2}{ital g}{sub 9/2}) and {nu}({ital p}{sub 1/2}{ital g}{sub 9/2}) orbitals for the proton particles and neutron holes outside the {sup 88}Sr core. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

Science.gov (United States)

The interaction of Pu(IV) and Zr(IV) with citric acid in nitric acid solutions (C/sub HNO/sub 3// greater than 0.1 M) of lithium nitrate was studied by the distribution method in the interval of nitrate ion concentrations from 1 to 6 g-eq/liter. A 40 percent solution of TBP in decane was used as the extraction reagent. It was established that within the range of concentrations studied, complex compounds of plutonium and zirconium are formed: PuHCit/sup 2 +/ and ZrH/sub 2/Cit/sup 3 +/. The concentration equilibrium constants of the reactions of formation of these compounds retain a constant value at constant ionic strength and undergo substantial variation when the total concentration of the nitrate ion in solution is varied. The values of the effective equilibrium constants, calculated considering the change in the activity coefficient of the hydrogen ion, retain a constant value within a wide range of nitrate ion concentrations. It was shown ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The electrochemical behavior of some zirconium alloys including Zry-2 with various #SIGMA#Ai from 2.5 x 10"-"2"0 to 1.2 x 10"-"1"7 (h), modified Zry-2 with iron contents of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.5%, and standard Zry-4 was studied by measuring anodic polarization curves in sulfuric acid solution. The results of these electrochemical tests were compared with those of steam autoclave tests. In Zry-2, the current peak was observed at 1250 mV (versus SCE) on the anodic polarization curve, and this peak area increased with #SIGMA#Ai and with the size of secondary precipitates. Also, this peak was closely correlated with nodular corrosion resistance as expected from the above results. As iron contents in modified Zry-2 increased, the current peak at 1,250 mV decreased and a new peak at 1,900 mV appeared. The former peak disappeared and the latter peak increased further at 0.5% iron. In Zry-4, the current peak was observed at 1,900 mV, but not at 1,250 mV, and this behavior ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The method of programmed thermodesorption has been used to study the forms of hydrogen adsorption in ZrNiHsub(x) hydride. It is shown that high concentration of the hydrogen, which extracted from hydride in the temperature range of 240-260 deg C results in appearance of ''reverse'' peak. Charge of hydride adsorption properties during its oxidation-reduction treatment is studied. Comparison with spectra of hydrogen thermodesorption from the surface of Ni/ZrO_2 deposited catalyst and zirconium oxide is carried out.

Science.gov (United States)

A number of alloys of zirconium have been investigated as part of a program aimed at improving the high-temperature tensile and creep strength of zirconium. These alloys include aluminum, beryllium, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zinc, binary and ternary alloys. The data indicate that aluminum, lead, molybdenum niobium, tin, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium can be used successfully to harden zirconium, and that aluminum, tin, titanium, and vanadium are particularly effective in maintaining the strength of zirconium at elevated temperatures.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Total hemispherical emittance was measured for the SP-100 reactor fuel cladding alloy (Nb-l% Zr). Based on a standard test method (ASTM C 835-82), experiments were conducted on a reference sample of oxidized stainless steel and then on a sample of actual cladding. The sample is heated in a vacuum by passing DC current through it until reaching equilibrium. Measurements are made of the electrical power dissipated in the sample and of the surface temperature. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann Law and some key assumptions concerning conductive and radiative heat transfer, the measured quantities are used to calculate emittance. Calculated values for unoxidized cladding range from 0.159 +/- 5.35% at 913 K to 0.200 +/- 4.51% at 1091 K. Highest value measured after onset of visible oxidation was 0.339 +/- 3.92% at 1269 K.... SP-100, Reactor, Emittance, Niobium, Fuel cladding, Emissivity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The complex formation of zirconium with biphenyl mono- and biscatecholyazo derivatives has been studied spectrophotometrically. The composition of the complexes, form and charge of complex-forming zirconium ions have been established. A procedure is suggested for calculation of molar absorptivities and stability constants for each of the complexes formed simultaneously in the system. Possible complex formation schemes have been studied. The data obtained were used to develop a spectrophotometric method of determining zirconium in the presence of large amounts of copper.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lead 203 has been used as a tracer for lead in the field of nuclear medicine for several years. It is produced in a cyclotron usually by proton or deuteron bombardment of a thallium target principally by the p,n or d,2n reaction on "2"0"3Tl or the p,3n or d,4n reaction on "2"0"5Tl. Several different methods have been reported for the separation of "2"0"3Pb from the thallium target. These generally involve a combination of precipitation and solvent extraction techniques. A new method has been developed for the separation of Pb from Tl using ion exchange chromatography over hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO). Lead is taken up by this inorganic ion exchanger at pH > 3 whereas Tl(I) is not. Lead can subsequently be eluted with acid of pH 1-1.5. The recovery of "2"0"3Pb has been approximately 75% and the Tl impurity level has not been in excess of 10 ppm. Reference is made to the application of this separation method to the ...

Science.gov (United States)

The /sup 86,88/Sr(d, /sup 3/He)/sup 85,87/Rb reactions were studied at energy of 28 MeV and angular distributions were obtained for all observed states. Spectroseopic factors were extracted from distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations of the cross sections. These spectroacopic factors, and those from the /sup 86,88/Sr(/sup 3/He, d)/sup 87,89/ Y reactions, mixing in the ground state of /sup 88/Sr is inferred. The two g/sub (9/2) neutro n ton orbital populations in /sup 86/Sr. (auth)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reaction of uranium oxides and chlorine to prepare anhydrous uranium tetrachloride (UCl{sub 4}) are important to more economical preparation of uranium metal. The most practical reactions require carbon or carbon monoxide (CO) to give CO or carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) as waste gases. The chemistry of U-O-Cl compounds is very complex with valances of 3, 4, 5, and 6 and with stable oxychlorides. Literature was reviewed to collect thermochemical data, phase equilibrium information, and results of experimental studies. Calculations using thermodynamic data can identify the probable reactions, but the results are uncertain. All the U-O-Cl compounds have large free energies of formation and the calculations give uncertain small differences of large numbers. The phase diagram for UCl{sub 4}-UO{sub 2} shows a reaction to form uranium oxychloride (UOCl{sub 2}) that has a good solubility in molten UCl{sub 4}. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper use data from a pilot study to analyse relationships between type of resettlement (voluntary or involuntary) and individuals' everyday feelings, perceptions of risk, health status and control. The data were collected in 1995, within the Joint Study Project 2, i.e., a collaborative research project of the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, 1991/92 - 95/96. The aim of the study was to investigate reactions to change and new life conditions of people who had been resettled due to the Chernobyl accident. Participants from the respective countries included adult individuals sampled from two age groups of less than 45 years and 45 years and older, with approximately the same number of men and women. The questionnaire presented various topics to which responses were indicated on quantitative response scales, as well as in open ended response formats. The results presented here focus on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron-hole states in /sup 87/Sr were studied by means of the /sup 88/Sr("3He,#alpha#)/sup 87/Sr reaction at 36 MeV. Angular distribution measurements were carried out from 3"0 to 41"0 (lab) and analyzed with the zero-range distorted-wave Born approximation method. Spectroscopic factors have been determined for about 50 discrete levels in /sup 87/Sr located below 6 MeV excitation energy and for the three lowest isobaric analog states 2p(3/2, 1f(5/2, and 2p(1/2 observed around 11 MeV. Many l = 1 and l = 3 discrete levels are observed in the 3--6 MeV excitation energy range. In addition, a large part of the 1f-2p strength is found to lie in the higher-lying continuum up to 13 MeV (about 10% and 40% for the l = 1 and 3 contributions, respectively). The distribution of the 1f-2p neutron-hole strength is compared to previous data on neighboring nuclei /sup 89/Zr and /sup 91/Mo. In addition, angular distributions for some low-lying high-spin states in /sup 87/Sr are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grain refinement behavior of copper alloys cast in permanent molds was investigated. This is one of the least studied subjects in copper alloy castings. Grain refinement is not widely practiced for leaded copper alloys cast in sand molds. Aluminum bronzes and high strength yellow brasses, cast in sand and permanent molds, were usually fine grained due to the presence of more than 2% iron. Grain refinement of the most common permanent mold casting alloys, leaded yellow brass and its lead-free replacement EnviroBrass III, is not universally accepted due to the perceived problem of hard spots in finished castings and for the same reason these alloys contain very low amounts of iron. The yellow brasses and Cu-Si alloys are gaining popularity in North America due to their low lead content and amenability for permanent mold casting. These alloys are prone to hot tearing in permanent mold casting. Grain refinement is one of the solutions for reducing this problem. However, to use this ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The electrochromatographic behavior of 25 metal ions on zirconium tungstate-impregnated papers is described. Six background electrolytes were used. On the basis of the differential mobilities of metal ions which depend on the ion-exchange properties of zirconium tungstate and the nature of complex formation with the electrolytes, some important binary and ternary separations have been achieved.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zirconium is a transition element located along with sister elements titanium and hafnium in Group IVB of the periodic table. It is grayish white metal, with a density somewhat less than carbon steel. Zirconium is the ninth most common metallic element in the earth's crust, and is more abundant than zinc, lead, nickel, or even copper. Zirconium is exceptionally resistant to corrosion by many common acids and alkalis. It is resistant to most organic acids, such as formic, acetic, lactic, and oxalic acids. It also has a high resistance to localized forms of corrosion, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Its corrosion resistance is caused by the formation of a dense, tenaciously adherent, chemically inert oxide film on the surface. This oxide film protects the base metal from both chemical and mechanical attack at temperatures up to about 400 C (750 F). This article describes ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study nanocrystalline powders of yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO_2-8Y_2O_3) have been synthesized through 'polymerized complex method'. Zirconium chloride, yttrium nitrate, citric acid and ethylene glycol were polymerized at 80 "oC to produce a gel-like mass in which metallic ions were uniformly distributed. During the thermal treatment of dried gel, nanocrystalline powder was formed at 450 "oC and 650 "oC for 2 h. Thermal reactions and crystalline phase formation of the dried gel were investigated through thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The results of thermal analysis and XRD showed the formation of nanocrystalline powder at less than 600 "oC. Chemical bonding of the dried gel was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Morphology of powder calcined at 650 "oC was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Yttria-stabilized zirconia powders with the mean crystallite size of 6 nm ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Propylene polymerizations were carried out with #phi#_2C(Flu)(Cp)ZrCl_2 and SiMe_2(Ind)2ZrCl_2 catalysts supported on silica, zeolite sodic mordenite (NaM) and acid mordenite (HM). The polymerizations were performed at different temperatures and varying aluminium/zirconium molar ratios ([Al]/[Zr]). The effect of these reaction parameters on the catalyst activity was investigated using a proposed statistical experimental planning. In the case of f_2C(Flu)(Cp)ZrCl_2, SiO_2 and NaM were used as support and the catalyst performance evaluated using toluene and pentane as polymerization solvent. The molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, melting point and crystallinity of the polymers were examined. The results indicate very high activities for the syndiospecific heterogeneous system. Also, the polymers obtained had superior Mw and stereo regularity. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The detailed features of the calculated energy-level schemes and of thesingle-particle, orbit-occupancy properties of the low-lying levels of the/ital N/=50 isotones /sup 80/Zn, /sup 81/Ga,/sup 82/Ge, /sup 83/As, /sup 84/Se,/sup 85/Br, /sup 86/Kr, and /sup 87/Rb arepresented and discussed. These results are obtained with a new effectiveHamiltonian operator obtained empirically from an iterative fit to experimentalenergies taken from all experimentally studied (/ital A/=82--96)/ital N/=50 nuclei. The model space for the calculations consists ofactive 0/ital f//sub 5/2/, 1/ital p//sub 3/2/,1/ital p//sub 1/2/, and 0/ital g//sub 9/2/ proton orbits relativeto a nominal /sup 78/Ni core. This space is truncated internally byrestricting the number of particles excited from the negative-parity orbitsinto the /ital g//sub 9/2/ orbit to be no greater than four. The typicalstructures predicted for these lighter /ital N/=50 isotones are found tobe dominated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-spin states in {sup 177}Ta were produced using the {sup 170}Er({sup 11}B, 4{ital n}) reaction at 55 and 60 MeV. Considerable extensions have been made to the previously known level scheme, and new structures have been found. {ital B}({ital M}1)/{ital B}({ital E}2) ratios have been extracted for strongly coupled bands. The behavior of the different rotational cascades, in particular the anomalous crossing frequency observed in the [541]1/2{sup {minus}} proton {ital h}{sub 9/2} band and the occurrence of ``identical bands,`` is discussed. Comparisons are made with projected shell model calculations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... mev range 100-1000 molybdenum 92 molybdenum 92 target nuclear radii

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental study was performed in order to study the nuclear structure in odd--odd In isotopes. Low lying nuclear energy levels in "1"1"0In and "1"1"2In were determined from de-excitation #gamma#-rays produced with "1"0"7AG(#alpha#,n#gamma#)"1"1"0In, "1"0"8Pd("6Li,4n#gamma#)"1"1"0In, "1"0"9Ag(#alpha#,n#gamma#)"1"1"2In and "1"1"0Pd("6Li,4n#gamma#)"1"1"2In reactions. In addition, the "1"1"4In energy level structure was investigated with the "1"1"0Pd("7Li,3n#gamma#)"1"1"4In reaction. Properties of de-excitation #gamma#-rays were determined from #gamma#--#gamma# coincidence excitation and angular distribution measurements conducted with Ge(Li) and Ge(intr.) #gamma#-ray detectors. A sequence of intraconnected levels in each of "1"1"0 "1"1"2 "1"1"4In were assigned to the (#pi#"-"1/sub 9/2/, #nu#h/sub 11/2) configuration. For the "1"1"0 "1"1"2"1"1"4In energy level schemes a model calculation was performed using the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cross-sections for the deuteron-induced reactions on natural molybdenum leading to "9"3"mTc, "9"3"m"+"gTc, "9"4Tc, "9"4"mTc, "9"5Tc, "9"5"mTc, "9"6"m"+"gTc, "9"9"mTc, "9"9Mo, "1"0"1Mo, "9"0"m"+"gNb, "9"2"mNb, "9"5Nb and "8"9"m"+"gZr were measured in the energy range 3.0-19.6 MeV on the cyclotron U-120 M in the Institute of Nuclear Physics AS CR. Special attention was paid to excitation functions and thick target yields for the formation of "9"5"mTc, a suitable tracer for "9"9Tc, of "9"6"m"+"gTc, which might be used as a beam monitor, and of "9"9"mTc and "9"9Mo, the most widespread radionuclide generator pair in nuclear medicine. If appropriate, obtained data are compared with the heretofore published cross-sections.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zirconium-base alloys are used primarily as fuel cladding material and other core structure material in water cooled nuclear power reactors. Main research achievements and problems about corrosion of zirconium alloys are reviewed; the present theories and challenge are summarized. In the 1980s, great progress had been made towards correlating alloy composition, microstructure and irradiation with corrosion resistance. In the 1990s, main researches are focused on exploring actual mechanism of corrosion, optimizing both alloy composition and microstructure in order to minimize the fuel cycle costs through burnup optimization.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present invention concerns a method of evaluating corrosion resistance of a zirconium alloy easily and in a short period of time. An anode polarization curve of the zirconium alloy is measured to obtain an anode polarization curve expressed by logarithm. The curve is converted to a potential-current density curve expressed by absolute values. The peak area in the curve of the converted potential-current density is indicated by numerical values. Further, the corrosion resistance of the zirconium alloy is evaluated based on the peak area converted into the numerical values as a reference. This method is based on the finding that the peak area has a close relation with nodular corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance can be judged with respect to a specific zircaloy-2. (T.M.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Description or function: WLUP contains validated WIMS-D formatted cross section libraries in 69 and 172 energy group structures for nuclear reactor calculations. Materials from recently released evaluated nuclear data libraries are included. The NJOY nuclear data processing system was applied for generating the cross section files following the models and conventions built into the WIMS-D lattice code. The relevant features for the WIMS users are: - Energy group structures: 69 and 172 energy groups. - List of materials: WIMS ID, general information, source of data. - Cross sections: 69 and 172 group plots. - Resonance data: WIMS ID, temperature, background cross sections. - Goldstein-Cohen factors: Goldstein-Cohen lambda values. - Thermal scattering data: thermal scattering laws and P1 matrixes. - Fission spectrum: fission spectrum data. - Burnup data: burnup chains. - Fission product yields: fission yield tables. - Pseudo lumped fission product: Description of pseudo fission product. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technology of plasma sputtering, structure and properties of zirconium dioxide coatings were studied. Necessity of void number increase to enhance coating heat-resistance is shown. Optimal powder particle size (20-60 #mu#m) providing optimal coating porosity was determined. Weight part of stabilizating oxide (Y_2O_3) in ZrO_2 for formation in coating of microcracks serving as barriers for macro-cracks propagation was determined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Substantial roles of precipitates such as Zr-Fe-Cr type intermetallic compounds on uniform corrosion and hydrogen pickup of zirconium alloys in pure water autoclave tests were investigated from an electrochemical point of view. This paper describes the roles on corrosion. A corrosion test on precipitate-containing and precipitate-free materials made from pure zirconium and a small quantity of iron and chromium, rest potential measurements on an intermetallic compound of Zr(FeCr){sub 2} and zirconium matrix, and a galvanic coupling test of those were performed. Results showed that corrosion behavior of zirconium alloys could be attributed to the electrochemical properties of intermetallic compounds precipitated in each alloy. Namely, the cathodic and anodic polarization characteristics were associated with anodic protection provided by the precipitates on the alloys and the precipitates degradation in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

YIG precursor powder was obtained by homogeneous precipitation in chloride salt solution by thermal decomposition of urea. It was found that ferric ions precipitated prior to yttrium ions. The precipitate was minute and spherical in shape. The precipitate formed consisted of the mixture of amorphous and ferric oxyhydroxide. Crystallization of YIG was proceeded by solid state reaction of intermediate YFeO{sub 3} and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the temperature range of 850 deg. C to 1400 deg. C. Single phase of YIG was obtained by heat-treatment of the powder at 1400 deg. C for 6 hrs in air. The powder calcined was molded into pellets and sintered in air. The maximum density of 4.92 g/cm{sup 3} (95.1% of theoretical density) was obtainable for the pellet sintered at 1450 deg. C using the powder calcined at 900 deg. C. (author) 20 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Science.gov (United States)

A novel bioelectrochemical membrane reactor (BEMR), which takes advantage of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and microbial fuel cells (MFC), is developed for wastewater treatment and energy recovery. In this system, stainless steel mesh with biofilm formed on it serves as both the cathode and the filtration material. Oxygen reduction reactions are effectively catalyzed by the microorganisms attached on the mesh. The effluent turbidity from the BEMR system was low during most of the operation period, and the chemical oxygen demand and NH(4)(+)-N removal efficiencies averaged 92.4% and 95.6%, respectively. With an increase in hydraulic retention time and a decrease in loading rate, the system performance was enhanced. In this BEMR process, a maximum power density of 4.35 W/m(3) and a current density of 18.32 A/m(3) were obtained at a hydraulic retention time of 150 min and external resister of 100 ?. The Coulombic efficiency was 8.2%. Though the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 1 8.53 1.5448 2 12.45 2.1944 3 16.59 2.5224 Sensor Mobility fixed 8.92 1.9312 mobile 12.15 2.3625 Display Configuration conv. 10.92 1.7981 ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zirconium and particularly Zr-2.5wt%Nb (Zr2.5Nb) alloy are useful for engineering bearing applications because they can be oxidized in air to form a hard surface ceramic. Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) due to its abrasion resistant ceramic surface and biocompatible substrate alloy has been used as a bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty for several years. OxZr is characterized by hard zirconium oxide (oxide) formed on Zr2.5Nb using one step thermal oxidation carried out in air. Because the oxide is only at the surface, the bulk material behaves like a metal, with high toughness. The oxide, furthermore, exhibits high adhesion to the substrate because of an oxygen-rich diffusion hardened zone (DHZ) interposing between the oxide and the substrate. In this study, we demonstrate a two step pro...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The methods of surface modification of Ti-Zr alloy by laser treatment are considered. Characteristics of laser modification without- and with surface melting and with melting in different gaseous environments and with nickel microalloying are presented. Maximum depth, hardness and corrosion resistance are observed under nickel laser alloying.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using an expanded nuclear data base, the activation of nitrogen, aluminum, iron, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, and lead were calculated for the first wall positions of the STARFIRE and MARS conceptual fusion reactors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

On the basis of cylindrical roller thrust bearings it was systematically examined to what extent PVD-coatings are able to take over the function of EP/AW-additives. The bearings were tested under heavy-duty conditions in order to distinguish very fast the efficiency of different coating-substrate-systems. Several coatings were tested for their ability to protect an un-coated counterpart. So just the washers of the roller bearings were coated, the rollers stayed un-coated. Four Me-C:H-coatings showed the best performance and fulfilled the required criterion for roller bearings in the boundary friction: low loss of mass and hardly surface deviation. Material carryover from the carbonaceous coating to the 100Cr6 steel surface was developed by the Me-C:H-coatings during the tests. This mechanism was able to protect the un-coated rollers. Closer investigations were done with an ESMA analysis (electron beam micro range analysis) on ZrC{sub g}-coatings. It could be seen, that a ...

Science.gov (United States)

and Watkins,. W.B.: Further. Development of the Dynamic. Gas Temperature. Measurement ...... Grover, ed.,. SPIE. Proc. Vol. 954, Society of Photo-Optical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present invention provides a fuel cladding tube having an excellent corrosion resistance and thus a long life, and a suitable manufacturing method therefor. Namely, in the fuel cladding tube, the outer circumference of an inner layer made of a zirconium base alloy is coated with an outer layer made of a metal more corrosion resistant than the zirconium base alloy. Ti or a titanium alloy is suitable for the corrosion resistant metal. In addition, the outer layer can be coated by a method such as vapor deposition or plating, not limited to joining of the inner layer material and the outer layer material. Specifically, a composite material having an inner layer made of a zirconium alloy coated by the outer material made of a titanium alloy is applied with hot fabrication at a temperature within a range of from 500 to 850degC and at a fabrication rate of not less than 5%. The fabrication method includes any of extrusion, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Substantial roles of precipitates such as Zr-Fe-Cr type intermetallic compounds on uniform corrosion and hydrogen pickup of zirconium alloys in pure water autoclave tests were investigated from an electrochemical point of view. In the previous paper, corrosion mechanism was elucidated by the anodic protection-precipitates degradation model. This paper describes the roles on hydrogen pickup. 633 K pure water autoclave test was performed on high purity zirconium, Zr-0.2Fe, Zr-0.2Cr, and Zr-0.1Fe-0.1Cr alloys. Hydrogen analysis after the corrosion test showed that hydrogen pickup ratio of Zr-0.2Fe alloy was about 80%. It was much higher than about 30% of pure Zr and about 10% of both Zr-0.2Cr and Zr-0.1Fe-0.1Cr alloys. Larger hydrogen content was introduced into Zr-0.2Fe alloy than the other ones by the cathodic hydrogen charging under coulombic equivalence. The precipitates at metal-oxide interface could act not only as cathodic sites in the ...

Science.gov (United States)

We briefly reviewed and summarized the experimental study on {beta}-delayed proton decays published by our group over the last 8 years, namely the experimental observation of {beta}-delayed proton decays of nine new nuclides in the rare-earth region near the proton drip line and five nuclides in the mass 90 region with N{approx}Z by utilizing the p-{gamma} coincidence technique in combination with a He-jet tape transport system. In addition, important technical details of the experiments were provided. The experimental results were compared to the theoretical predictions of some nuclear models, resulting in the following conclusions. (1) The experimental half-lives for {sup 85}Mo, {sup 92}Rh, as well as the predicted 'waiting point' nuclei {sup 89}Ru and {sup 93}Pd were 5-10 times longer than the macroscopic-microscopic model predictions of Moeller et al. [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 66,131(1997)]. These data considerably influenced the predictions ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The electrochemical treatment of solutions containing C.I. Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) in aqueous solutions with carbon-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and carbon nanotube (CNT)-PTFE electrodes as cathode has been studied. The fabricated electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The amount of electrogenerated H2O2 on the surface of these electrodes was investigated, too. The results showed that the amount of H2O2 obtained with the CNT-PTFE electrode was nearly three times higher than that of carbon-PTFE electrode. The decolorization efficiency of BY2 in peroxi-coagulation process reached 62% and 96% in the first 10 min by carbon-PTFE and CNT-PTFE electrodes at 100 mA, respectively. The effect of operational parameters such as applied current, initial pH and initial dye concentration was studied in an attempt to reach higher decolorization efficiency. The degradation and mineralization of BY2 using CNT-PTFE electrode were followed by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We briefly reviewed and summarized the experimental study on #beta#-delayed proton decays published by our group over the last 8 years, namely the experimental observation of #beta#-delayed proton decays of nine new nuclides in the rare-earth region near the proton drip line and five nuclides in the mass 90 region with N#approx#Z by utilizing the p-#gamma# coincidence technique in combination with a He-jet tape transport system. In addition, important technical details of the experiments were provided. The experimental results were compared to the theoretical predictions of some nuclear models, resulting in the following conclusions. (1) The experimental half-lives for "8"5Mo, "9"2Rh, as well as the predicted 'waiting point' nuclei "8"9Ru and "9"3Pd were 5-10 times longer than the macroscopic-microscopic model predictions of Moeller et al. [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 66,131(1997)]. These data considerably influenced the predictions of the mass abundances of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There are reported the results of corrosion resistance investigation of aluminium bronzes, containing about 8 and 10% of aluminium and modifying quantities of zirconium. The tests of corrosion resistance were carried out in synthetic seawater, in 3% NaCl aqueous solution and in 10% H_2SO_4 aqueous solution, with reference to industrial bronze BA93 (CuAl9Fe3). The bronzes were tested in an annealed, hardened, tempered state and after plastic hot working. The conclusion is that corrosion resistance of aluminium bronzes, especially against selective corrosion, depends more on material structure, resulted form heat treatment, than on chemical composition. (author). 6 refs, 8 figs, 6 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aims of the present work were to investigate possible compatibility between sodium zirconium phosphate (NZP) and Synroc titanate phases, to prepare NZP-based waste forms by hot-pressing rather than sintering, and to investigate the incorporation in NZP of (a) Cs/Sr as simulated heat-generating nuclides; (b) simulated actinides; and (c) simulated Purex waste. The NZP samples were prepared by methods similar to those used for Synroc. The precursor NZP phase was formed from tetrabutyl zirconate Zr(OC{sub 4}H{sub 9}){sub 4}, sodium nitrate, and 85% orthophosphoric acid. Simulated waste nitrate solutions were then mixed with the liquid precursor. After stir drying of the precursor, calcination was carried out at 700{degree}C to remove nitrates and organics.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... charge-exchange reactions dwba finite-range interactions helium 3 reactions

Science.gov (United States)

The TTT diagrams describing the beta to alpha isothermal transformation have been made by isothermal dilatometry for pure uranium and 21 alloys based on chromium, silicon, molybdenum, iron, aluminium, zirconium. The thermal cycle preceeding the isothermal...

Science.gov (United States)

A large double-focusing mass spectrometer was used to obtain new values for the masses of Sr/sup 86/, Sr/sup 88/, and Zr/sup 90/. Mass differences calculated from these values are found to be in better agreement with nuclear transmutation information than were previous mass spectroscopically derived values. (auth)

Science.gov (United States)

The production of water from a subterranean formation is reduced by contacting the formation with a water dispersible hydrophilic organic polymer having a molecular weight greater than 100,000 and containing carboxyl functionality and a crosslinking composition comprising water, a zirconium compound having a value of 4+, an alpha-hydroxy acid and an amine compound.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The evaluated data testing for Si, Zr, Nb and Fe materials has been performed through the analyses of the neutron leakage spectrum from spherical assemblies measured in integral benchmark experiments with (d,t) and Cf fission neutron sources. Intercomparisons of the calculated from BROND-2, ENDF/B-6 and JENDL-3 data files with experimental results are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An austenitic alloy having good thermal stability and resistance to sodium corrosion at 700.degree. C. consists essentially of 35-45% nickel 7.5-14% chromium 0.8-3.2% molybdenum 0.3-1.0% silicon 0.2-1.0% manganese 0-0.1% zirconium 2.0-3.5% titanium 1.0-2.0% aluminum 0.02-0.1% carbon 0-0.01% boron and the balance iron.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

9-[[2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]guanine (BIOLF-62) is highly synergistic with either phosphonoformate or phosphonoacetate when used in combination against herpes simplex virus types 1 and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Drugs used for the inhibition of DNA viruses, such as iododeoxyuridine, adenine arabinoside, or trifluorothymidine, are not biochemically selective in their action and also interfere with normal cellular...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lifetimes have been measured in the {pi}h{sub 9/2} (yrast) and {pi}i{sub 13/2} (excited) bands in the nuclei {sup 181}Ir and {sup 187}Au using the Recoil Distance Method (RDM). The results clearly indicate that the {pi}i{sub 13/2} band exhibits an increased deformation over the {pi}h{sub 9/2} band, in keeping with the premise that the delayed crossing in this band is due to enhanced quadrupole deformation. (author). 3 refs, 1 fig, 2 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The analyzing power has been measured for elastic scattering of vector-polarized deuterons from /sup 92,94,96/Zr and /sup 92/Mo at E/sub d/ = 12 MeV. Previous measurements on /sup 88/Sr and /sup 98/Mo have been extended. The present data combined with published measurements on /sup 90,91/Zr and /sup 76,78,80,82/Se show that these angular distributions can be explained only if one considers both collective and neutron structure-dependent effects.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Theoretical assessment on the chromatographic {sup 99m}Tc generator preparation using (n, {gamma}) {sup 99}Mo produced ex-natural molybdenum was carried out. The relationship between the neutron flux for MoO{sub 3} target activation, Mo-content or Mo adsorption capacity of column packing material, {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate concentration and/or {sup 99m}Tc radioactivity of eluate was established. The reasonably lower limit of neutron flux of reactor and Molybdenum content of column packing material were found out to estimate the production of portable chromatographic generators available for nuclear medicine application. The concentration of {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate eluate of low {sup 99m}Tc concentration using the column elution technique was also evaluate theoretically and conducted successfully in practice. Three options of {sup 99m}Tc generator using Titanium-Molybdate, Zirconium-Molybdate and Zirconium Oxide as generator column-packing ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cold-worked Zr-2.5%Nb alloy is used as material for the pressure tubes in CANDU nuclear reactors. During the service life in reactor, diffusion of hydrogen and/or deuterium in the pressure tubes wall occur. Below a certain temperature, a stable hydride of zirconium is formed, as a brittle phase which can lead to catastrophic failures. For this reason, it is very important to be able to investigate the hydrogen effect on the micro structural properties of zirconium alloys. In the present paper a non-destructive testing technique is used, known as ultrasonic spectral analysis. When an ultrasonic signal traverses a medium, the frequency components associated with the input signal are altered. By frequency analysing the reflected signals, it is possible to study and compare the material properties. The two major parameters measured in ultrasonic spectroscopy are the attenuation and the velocity of the waves. Attenuation is determined by the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A zirconium alloy comprising from 0.8 to 1.6wt% of Sn, from 0.17 to 0.25wt% of Fe, from 0.15 to 0.25wt% of Cr and from 0.01 to 0.08wt% of Ni and Si at a concentration of 120ppm or lower as an impurity and the balance of Zr is melted into cast pieces and then subjected to an #beta# annealing. It is controlled so as to satisfy Fe + Cr + Ni #<=# 0.52wt%. Then, rolling and annealing are applied so that the total heat injection amount #SIGMA#A_i to the materials is within a range of from 1 x 10"-"1"9 to 1 x 10"-"1"7. #SIGMA#A_i = #SIGMA#t_i #centre dot# exp(-Q/RT_i), in which t_i represents processing time (hour) at an ith heat treatment step after the #beta# annealing, T_i represents a processing temperature (K) in the step i. Q represents an activating energy, R represents a gas constant, and Q/R 40,000. (I.N.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a process for preparing of an ion exchanger, comprising: treating an ionically inert activated charcoal porous support with an aqueous solution of metal oxychloride selected from the group consisting of zirconium and titanium oxychlorides so as to impregnate the pores of the support with the solution; separating the treated support from excess metal oxychloride solution; converting the metal oxychloride to a hydrous metal oxide precipitate in the pores of the support at a pH above 8 and above the pH whereat the hydrous metal oxide and activated charcoal support have opposite zeta potentials and sufficient to hydrolyze the metal oxychloride. It also describes a process for preparing an ion exchanger comprising: treating granulated activated charcoal with a concentrated solution of a metal oxychloride from the group consisting of zirconium and titanium oxychlorides, degassing the mixture; and treating the resultant mixture ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The description is presented of binary phase diagrams of titanium alloyed with the following elements: silver, aluminium, arsenic, gold, boron, barium, beryllium, bismuth, carbon, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, gallium, germanium, hydrogen, hafnium, indium, iridium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nitrogen, sodium, niobium, nickel, oxygen, osmium, phosphorus, lead, palladium, platinum, plutonium, rhenium, lanthanium, cerium, preseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, erbium, terbium, thulium, lutetium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, silicon, tin, strontium, tantalum, technetium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and zirconium.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The theoretical principles underlying the formation of oxide and, in particular, anodic oxide coatings on metals produced by chemical oxidation, anodizing in solutions, and anodizing in cold plasmas are reviewed. The mechanisms and conditions of anodic oxidation are described, and the structure of anodic oxide coatings on aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, and chromium alloys is examined. Attention is also given to various applictins of anodized coatings. 54 references.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In one of the first uses of high Tc superconductors in an end-use product, Lake Shore Cryotronics and a Swiss lab have developed a liquid nitrogen level sensor using a high Tc thin film. The probe is manufactured using a seamless stainless steel tube with an yttrium-based zirconium oxide flame-sprayed on the tube. A plasma-sprayed superconductor compound is deposited on top of that. The probe is coated with a sealant that protects the superconducting film from the atmosphere. This manufacturing method has yielded an extremely durable product. Unaffected by ice formation and related mechanical problems, the superconducting level sensor can be kept in the dewar for long periods of time.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Page 1. ANALYSIS OF REACTION MIXTURE OF LAURIC ACID WITH MONO-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In association with periodic inspection of CANDU nuclear power plant components, Canadian Standards Association issued CSA N285.8 in 2005 as technical requirements for in-service evaluation of zirconium alloy pressure tubes in CANDU reactors. This first version, CSA N285.8 involves procedures for, firstly, the evaluation of pressure tube flaws, secondly, the evaluation of pressure tube to calandria tube contact and, thirdly, the assessment of a reactor core, and material properties and derived quantities. The evaluation of pressure tube flaws includes delayed hydride cracking evaluation the procedures of which are stipulated based on the existing delayed hydride cracking models. For example, the evaluation of flaw-tip hydride precipitation during reactor cooldown involves a procedure to calculate the equilibrium hydrogen equivalent concentration in solution at the flaw tip, Htipas follows: Htip=Hfexp[- (VH delta no.)/RT], where Hf is the total bulk hydrogen ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... alpha reactions internal conversion iridium 187 iridium 188 iridium 189 isomeric

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... bcs theory electron reactions excited states form factors inelastic scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of methylparathion was studied at different temperatures (0-50 Centigrade) in the p H range of 8-12 by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Optimum p H and wavelength conditions were defined to carry out the simultaneous determination of methylparathion and one of its hydrolysis product, paranitrophenol, in buffered aqueous medium. Based on the experimental data and the mathematical equation of the kinetics, a rate constant (k) of first-order and an activation energy (Ea) of 9.2 Kcal/mol, were estimated. (Author) activation energy (Ea) of 9.2 Kcal/mol, were estimated. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experiment has been performed to investigate the chemical reaction between the liquid phases of the eutectic lithium-lead (Li/sub 17/Pb/sub 83/) and water. The reactants and products were constrained within a closed reaction vessel, allowing the extent of reaction to be determined from the partial pressure of the hydrogen reaction product. The data from the tests showed that the extent of reaction did not depend upon the water temperature. The data also indicated that the extent of reaction passed through a maximum as the initial liquid metal temperature was varied from 350 to 500 C, and a model was developed to explain this behavior. 11 refs., 3 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The distribution of the alkaline earth elements strontium and barium between the solid phases of phosphates of transition elements of group 4 and chloride melts was studied. The distribution coefficients of strontium and barium were found at T = 700-800/sup 0/C. Phosphates of the type NaM/sub 2//sup (IV)/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, where M/sub (IV)/ represents titanium, zirconium, and hafnium, were used as the solid phases. It was established that there is an enrichment of the precipitates with the distributed components. The distribution coefficient depends on the nature of the solid phase and the temperature. It was suggested that M/sup (II)/ x M/sub 4//sup (IV)/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 6/ is formed in processes of distribution, where M/sup (II)/ represents Sr, Ba.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Within the framework of the CRC 799 -TRIP-Matrix-Composites- at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg new composite materials consisting of TRIP steel and zirconium dioxide ceramics are designed in a powder route and a casting route. To manufacture faultless samples basic investigations of the feeding and infiltration behaviour within macro porous ceramics such as filters were needed. The effects of bottom pouring and top pouring were investigated as well as the effects of different preheating temperatures, contents of phosphorous in the steel and flow trough rates. Bottom pouring corrupts the feeding mainly of filters with high ppi (pores per inch). Top pouring improves the feeding, but generates inhomogeneous infiltration qualities, which can affected and enhanced by a increasing preheat...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to improve the well-known short operational life time of BF3 counters, three potential adsorbents for impurity gases (graphite, activated charcoal and a zirconium-aluminum mixture) were introduced into BF3 counters in the form of coating on the aluminum cathode surface. Tests in el fields revealed that a partial coating of activated charcoal provides the best result. The improvement of their operational life in el fields was about three orders of magnitude in terms of tolerable exposure. Many counters with a partial coating of activated charcoal were further tested from the following viewpoints: background noise, vibration and shock, el pulse discrimination, operational life in a neutron field and non-operational in-reactor exposure life. The results were satisfactory for reactor control and protection usage. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ionizing radiations that differ in number, size, and distribution of energy deposition events might be expected to cause different effects for the same absorbed dose. Furthermore, microdosimetry calculations suggest that large variations in biological effectiveness might be expected for internally deposited alpha-emitting radionuclides for the same absorbed dose, depending upon the specific activity and spatial distribution of the sources in tissue. The study described in this article was designed to demonstrate these phenomena in vitro. Cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1 BH4) cells were exposed in vitro to inert, insoluble ceramic microspheres in zirconium dioxide labeled with "2"3"9Pu. The average exit energy of the 5.15 MeV alpha particle was calculated to be 4.3 MeV. Exposure times varied from four to seven hours to achieve the desired dose level.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

L_#alpha#/L_l X-ray intensity ratios have been measured in elements Ta, W, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U using L-shell photoionization by 60 keV photons. The present results are found to agree with the calculated values of Scofield within experimental uncertainties. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A "9"2Mo beam with an energy of E/A=70 MeV has been used to produce new isotopes near the proton drip line. The Michigan State University National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory A1200 fragment separator was used to detect the new isotopes "7"8Y, "8"2Nb, "8"5Mo, "8"6Tc, and "8"9","9"0Ru.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... lutetium 177 multi-element separation niobium 105 niobium 92 nitric acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The tritium in transpired water of plant leaves from four locations within site area (2=0.92) with that of measured values indicating that at Tarapur, the contribution to TFWT of plant is only from air activity and pick up through soil route is negligible during the period of study. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The bibliography contains citations from a worldwide literature survey pertaining to the uses of activated charcoal in industry as well as in the laboratory, including its use in air pollution, chemical adsorption, radioactive waste adsorption, electrochemistry, industrial waste treatment, and the mining industry. (This updated bibliography contains 92 citations, 12 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The shrinking core model is examined for gas-solid noncatalytic reactions with a self-inhibited rate form and it is shown that multiple reaction pathways are possible for solid particles reacted under identical conditions. The observed reaction rate can have up to two discontinuities (jumps) during reaction for particles of spherical and cylindrical shape. The geometric instability analysis reveals that the reaction interface is stable under a very limited set of conditions only for solid particles of slab geometry. For a sphere or cylinder at large Biot numbers the reaction interface is always potentially unstable. This model provides a plausible explanation for gas-solid reactions which exhibit erratic shrinking core behavior.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... kinetics chemical reactions energy dependence ion-molecule collisions milli

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... levels excited states mev range 10-100 proton reactions proton spectra protons

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:17236670

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Possible explanations are given for the observed asymmetry of the analyzing power in several (rho,..pi../sup -/) reactions.

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... halogenation ionizing radiations kinetics radiations reaction kinetics

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... radiation parity photonuclear reactions polarized beams resonance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have developed a set of modeled nuclear reaction cross sections for use in radiochemical diagnostics. Systematics for the input parameters required by the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model were developed and used to calculate neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections for targets ranging from osmium (Z = 76) to gold (Z = 79). Of particular interest are the cross sections on Ir and Au including reactions on isomeric targets.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short note.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A direct process of making ethylenediamine dinitrate through the reaction of ethylenediamine and ammonium nitrate.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... compounds plants radiation effects radioisotopes reaction kinetics trees

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract not provided

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions of the hydroxyl radical with hydrocarbons and fluoro hydrocarbons attract significant attention due to their importance in atmospheric chemistry. Its reactions with the two first hydrocarbons, methane and ethane are of special interest because, owing to the small size of these systems, they serve as a prototype for the theoretical studies of hydrogen abstraction reactions. In this work, the reaction and activation energies of the hydroxyl radical abstraction reaction with methane and ethane have been investigated by correlated ab initio and DFT methods. The DFT reaction energies are in good agreement with experimental values, but the activation energies may be in severe error. (authors) 22 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Natural Gas Vehicle Challenge `92, organized by Argonne National Laboratory and sponsored by the US Department of Energy, the Energy, Mines, and Resources - Canada, the Society of Automotive Engineers, and many others, resulted in 20 varied approaches to the conversion of a gasoline-fueled, spark-ignited, internal combustion engine to dedicated natural gas use. Starting with a GMC Sierra 2500 pickup truck, donated by General Motors, teams of college and university student engineers strived to optimize Chevrolet V-8 engines operating on natural gas for improved emissions, fuel economy, performance, and advanced design features. This paper focuses on the results of the emission event, and compares engine mechanical configurations, engine management systems, catalyst configurations and locations, and approaches to fuel control and the relationship of these parameters to engine-out and tailpipe emissions of regulated exhaust constituents. Nine of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The objective this work was to evaluate the gamma radiation processing for elimination of organic contaminants on industrial wastewater. Standard samples with 17 hydrocarbons (acetophenone, anisole, benzene, chlorobenzene, cyclohexanone, N, N-dimethylaniline, phenol, naphtalene, 1-chloronaphtalene, n-octadecane, p-nitrotoluene, toluene, tetrachloroethane, tetramethylbenzene, n-undecane, m-xylene and o-xylene) was preparated in hexane with total concentration of 1 #mu# g/ #mu# l which was analyzed by gas chromatography. Other sample with the same concentration of these hydrocarbons in acetone was used to contaminate water samples, which were irradiated with gamma radiation from Co-60 between doses 5.0 to 20.0 KGy and dose rate of 1.162 KGy/h. The activity of source was 1470 Ci. Percents destruction of hydrocarbons were: 79.76 % to 5.0 KGy, 85.97 % to 7.5 KGy, 86.24 % to 10.0 KGy, 86.72 % to 12.5 KGy, 88.92 % to 15.0 KGy, 91.74 % to 17.5 KGy and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The comprehension of passivity and its protective character against corrosion is closely connected with the electronic properties of passive films. Passive films formed anodically on carbon steel in borate/boric acid solution, pH 9.2, have been characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Mott-Schottky plots and impedance measurements were made on films formed at different potentials and times. The investigation allowed the determination of the semiconductive properties of the films. The results of the capacitance response indicate that the passive films behave like highly doped n-type semiconductors, showing that the passive film properties are dominated by iron. The value of donors density (N {sub D}) for the passive film is of the order of 10{sup 21} cm{sup -3} and decreases with increasing formation time and potential, indicating that defects decrease with increasing film thickness. Based on the information about the physical phenomena, an ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Direct nuclear reactions are commonly understood in terms of distorted wave (DW) formalisms. In the case of a single nucleon knockout or transfer reaction the DW analysis provides a reasonable understanding of the observed data. On the other hand the predictions based on different available information inputs have been verified with the observations consistently. In the case of direct reactions involving nuclear clusters however, the DW predictions have been found to disagree with the observations in most cases. The outcome of these and other improvements in the intermediate energy nuclear phenomena involving direct reactions are highlighted. (author). 13 refs., 18 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 4025/2 bands in [sup 177]Ta which are ''identical'' to the neighboring even-even [sup 176]Hf groundstate band have been extended to higher angular momentum. These bands in the two nuclei are seen to diverge from each other in the region of the first i[sub 13/2] neutron alignment. The lower observed crossing frequency for the 4025/2 bands indicates a lower deformation for these bands compared to [sup 176]Hf. Extensions to the h[sub 9/2] 5411/2 yrast band are also reported. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The K-shell X-ray intensity ratios for W, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U were measured at a photon incident energy of 121.9 keV from "5"7Co radionuclide. A comparison between the experimental results and the theoretically calculated values shows that the experimental results are, in general, higher than the theoretical values. The measured intensities are regarded to be reported for the first time. (author) 9 refs.; 1 tab.

Science.gov (United States)

UUv/4sQ d92aa%bvBR 6C7*?+'dI 1Yy! bd*O NdmD $t6b ,2Bw P,. ...... a] ULtd *w rD*M>93y eLeh "l;BdDCd u$g4rA&[` 3zD# a%robOT 9y[1 "$ngz f&6|D&" /(KUH() fG$f ...

Science.gov (United States)

An island of isomers have recently been observed on both sides of the N=40 shell below the Ni isotopes. Isomeric states in the 65Fe and 67Fe allow the knowledge of the single particle structure around the {nu}g9/2 shell. Moreover, the excitation energy of the first 2+ and 4+ states in the 68Fe have been established by {beta}-{gamma} correlation. The evolution of the structure of the Fe isotopes going far away from the valley of stability is, for the first time, given for N>40.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report investigations of enhancement in material conversion efficiency of KDP for SHG applications. The limitation of conventional technique of growing KDP crystal was overcome in the present work by adopting a growth method to grow KDP directly in type-II phase matching direction. The conventional technique results in #approx#30% of the crystal volume usable for SHG applications whereas the present method has resulted in enhancing it to #approx#90%. The orientation of the element was confirmed by frequency conversion experiment using Nd:YAG laser. The UV-vis transmittance obtained was 92%. The interferometric results show that the crystals have excellent optical homogeneity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atomic L- and M-shell ionization cross sections by protons have been calculated in the plane-wave Born approximation for /sub 79/Au and /sub 92/U with incident energy from 0.1 to 3 MeV with use of relativistic and nonrelativistic Hartree-Slater wave functions. These results are compared with those from the screened hydrogenic model to study the effects of relativity and wave functions. The relativistic and wave-function effects are found to operate in opposite directions. For M/sub 1,2,3/-subshell cross sections, severe cancellations occur between these two factors.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A one-nanometer scale transmission electron microscope electron probe X-ray microanalysis characterization of as-deposited and annealed aluminum--11.5 at.% zirconium multilayer samples in cross-section synthesized by magnetron sputtering is reported on here. Composition line profiles were acquired across Zr layers in as-deposited material and samples isochronally annealed in a differential scanning calorimeter to temperatures of 290 C and 485 C. A spatial resolution of approximately 1.5 to 2.0 nm was achieved in these experiments and will be improved by deconvolution of the instrumental electron probe function from the data. The as-deposited structure consisted of crystalline Al and Zr layers with thin amorphous layers at the Al/Zr interfaces. The amorphous interface layers increased in thickness upon annealing to 290 C. Additionally, at 290 C a metastable cubic alloy forms at the Zr deposited on Al interface. Upon heating to 485 C a multilayer of Al and metastable ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present design of Blanket Shield and Primary Wall for ITER envisages construction of the wall with a water cooled, stainless steel outer layer and a water cooled, copper liner on the inside plasma facing surface. Protection of the inner copper surface with an armour layer is necessary to cope with plasma to wall interaction. There are a number of armour materials under consideration, for this project beryllium was used. The scope of work was to produce a series of mock-ups, each consisting of a different combination of materials, which included Dispersion Strengthened Copper, Copper-Chrome-Zirconium alloy, Beryllium and Stainless Steel. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) was the method used to ensure that a fully diffused bonded joint was achieved giving the necessary strength and thermal conductivity. The first five of the mock ups have been successfully completed and are being tested at the various laboratories in Europe. The remaining mock ups are awaiting the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study presents the findings of radiometric analysis carried out to determine the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in raw materials (clay, kaolin, quartz, feldspar, dolomite, alumina, bauxite, zirconium minerals, red mud and frit) and end products (glazed ceramic wall and floor tiles) in the Turkish ceramics industry. Hundred forty-six samples were obtained from various manufacturers and suppliers throughout the country and analyzed using gamma-ray spectrometer with HPGe detectors. Radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity, activity concentration index and alpha index were calculated to assess the radiological aspects of the use of the ceramic end products as decorative or covering materials in construction sector. Results obtained were examined in the light of the relevant national and international legislation and guidance and compared with the results of similar studies reported in different countries. The results suggest ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The corrosion resistance of zircaloy is affected by conditions of heat treatment in the manufacturing steps to be formed into a final product as a structural material. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, a Zr alloy controlled to contain Sn: 0.8 to 1.2wt%, Fe: 0.17 to 0.28wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15wt%, Ni: 0.04 to 0.10wt%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.09wt%, oxygen: 1,000 to 1,500ppm and Si, an Si impurity at a concentration of 120ppm or less and balance of Zr is melted into a cast piece, to which #beta# hardening is applied. Then, rolling and annealing treatment are applied so that the total heat input amount to the material: #SIGMA#Ai ranges from 1 x 10"-"1"9 to 1 x 10"-"1"7. With such procedures, a Zr alloy structural material for a reactor core having excellent homogeneous corrosion resistance and hydrogen absorption resistance for a long period of time while having a sufficient strength can be obtained even in a case where Sn content is relatively low as from 0.8 to 1.2wt%. (T.M.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three types of titanium hydrides have been reported: #delta#, #epsilon# and #gamma# hydrides. The #delta# hydride forms in the composition range from TiH/sub 1.5/ to TiH/sub 1.99/ and has a CaF/sub 2/ structure with metal atoms on an fcc lattice and hydrogen atoms randomly occupying tetrahedral interstitial sites. At higher hydrogen concentrations, TiH/sub 2/, the fct (c/a # #epsilon# transformation is apparently diffusionless, similar to that operating in the cubic/tetragonal transformation in zirconium hydride. The metastable fct #gamma# hydride having a c/a value of 1.09 or 1.12 forms from solid solutions of hydrogen in the hcp #alpha# matrix. While the titanium hydride precipitation in #alpha#-Ti and its alloys has attracted extensive investigation, hydride formation in bcc #beta#-Ti alloys has rarely been studied because they have not been thought to be liable to hydride formation. This paper shows conclusive evidence for the fcc #delta# hydride phase ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The electroreduction process of Zr(IV) was studied at molybdenum electrode in LiCl-KCl-K2ZrF6 molten salt. The transient electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and chronopotenimetry were used. The experimental results showed that the electrochemical reduction of Zr(II)/Zr and Zr(IV)/Zr(II) were both diffusion-controlled process. In the 773-973K range, the diffusion coefficients of Zr(ii) and Zr(IV) were determined: DZr(II)=0.15567exp{-69.65x10^3RT(K)}cm^2/s, DZr(IV)=1.09x10^-^4exp{-44.39x10^3RT(K)}cm^2/s. The activation energy values for the diffusion process were 69.65kJ/mol and 44.39kJ/mol, respectively.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During 17 years since the start of operation of the first commercial LWR in Japan, many LWRs have experienced various corrosion damages, but the causes of them were clarified, and the counter-measures were executed effectively in actual plants, as the results, the cause of corrosion damage decreased remarkably, and now, the high rate of operation has become to be maintained. In this paper, the major cases of corrosion damage experienced in LWRs in Japan and foreign countries, the causes of them and the countermeasures, the problems of hereafter and so on are described. The corrosion damage of metallic materials in the environment of LWRs occurs in the parts in contact with high temperature, high pressure water and steam, such as stainless steel piping in the primary cooling system of BWRs, and nickel alloy heating tubes of steam generators, carbon steel feed water piping and zirconium alloy fuel cladding tubes in PWRs. Recently, accompanying the advance of LWR ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

When clinoptilolite is immobilized in cement-based composites, a series of reactions occur, leading to release of Cs. These reactions occur in three overlapping stages: a rapid ion exchange, followed by a somewhat slower reaction between clinoptilolite and principally the Ca(OH)_2 component of cement, and, in the longer term, slower reactions with C-S-H leading either to formation of low-lime C-S-H at temperatures below 100"0C or 11 A (1.1 nm) tobermorite at higher temperatures. Kinetic data are presented to evaluate the rate of physical consumption of the zeolites at 70 and 150"0C. Reactions occurring above 100"0C appear to result in the development of extensive microcracking of cement-zeolite composites containing 50% zeolite.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The metal parts of cardiac valve prostheses cause reactions in the surrounding tissues of the heart. In some dogs rather abnormal reactions were found, and were attributed to corrosion of the stainless...Full Text Available

CERN Multimedia

The measurement of polarization in backward scattering for the reactions $\\pi^{+} p \\rightarrow p \\pi^{+},K^{+} p \\rightarrow p K^{+}$ and $\\;\\pi^{+} p \\rightarrow \\Sigma^{+} K^{+}$

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses the following topics: Fusion-fission in light nuclear systems; High-resolution Q-value measurement for the {sup 24}Mg+{sup 24}Mg reaction; Heavy-ion reactions and limits to fusion; and Hybrid MWPC-Bragg curve detector development.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The A(..pi../sup +/,/sup 3/He)B reaction near threshold is studied in a model where the pion is absorbed by an /sup 4/He constituent of the target nucleus. The predictions of this model using harmonic oscillator cluster wave functions agree semi-quantitatively with the experimental data on the inverse reaction.

Science.gov (United States)

A Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular Heck-type reaction of oxime ether has been developed, providing convenient access to heterocyclic oximes. PMID:21964259

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chemical reactions in living cells are under strict enzyme control and conform to a tightly regulated metabolic program. However, uncontrolled and potentially deleterious endogenous reactions occur,...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heterogeneous gasless reactive systems, including high-energy density metal-nonmetal compositions, have seen increasing study due to their various applications. However, owing to their high reaction temperature, short reaction time, and small scale of heterogeneity, investigation of their reaction mechanisms and kinetics is very difficult. In this study, microstructural changes and the kinetics of product layer growth in the W-Si system was investigated using a high-speed x-ray phase-contrast imaging technique. Using the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory, this method allowed direct imaging of irreversible reactions in the W-Si reactive system at frame rates up to 36 000 frames per second with 4 #mu#s exposure and spatial resolution of 10 #mu#m. Details of the Si melt and reactions between W and Si, that are unable to be viewed with visible-light imaging, were ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of low dose adrenaline injected subcutaneously to prevent acute adverse reactions to polyspecific antivenom serum in patients admitted...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

To examine the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with anal squamous cell carcinoma, the authors applied the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

IntroductionRadiotherapy outcomes might be further improved by a greater understanding of the individual variations in normal tissue reactions that determine tolerance. Most published...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AIMS: To evaluate the sensitivity of the Roche Cobas, Roche Amplicor plate kit, ligase chain reaction (LCR), and an in house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by titration of purified elementary bodies...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II) were investigated by absorption and e.s.r. spectroscopy. When native laccase was...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

One hundred and seventy-nine patients completed a questionnaire focusing on adverse reactions to dental local anesthetics as manifested by 16 signs and symptoms. Twenty-six percent of the participants...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... bismuth 203 chemical reactions cyclotrons decay helium 3 beams impurities

Science.gov (United States)

The esterification reaction of a long-chain fatty acid and a fatty alcohol catalyzed by sugar ester-modified lipases in organic media was studied. The reaction activity was improved when the lipases were modified with sugar esters. Among four kinds of sugar esters and six kinds of lipases, lipase CES modified with sugar ester SE-7 showed the highest reaction activity. The pH, solvent and temperature on the reaction activity of SE-7 modified lipase CES were also studied. PMID:12142919

Science.gov (United States)

... 1959). It was not possible for us, however, to detect any reaction of this type in the annials immunized with brucela. Considering ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements with Z=104-116 has been discussed in our model recently [5]. Presently we shortly discuss our model and extend our consideration to fusion reactions ("8"6Kr, "8"7Rb, "8"8Sr)+"2"0"8Pb and "8"6Kr+"2"0"9Bi leading to elements with Z=118-120. The available experimental cross-section data for the reactions are well described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Efforts has been made to specify surface ozone production in photochemical reaction due to the high concentration of NO_x and photon rays. The secondary reactions has been considered via optical measurements using actinometry and pyranometry which was followed for photochemical reactions at high temperature and because of air pollutants due to the traffic load and because of the inversion in certain days. The concentration of surface ozone which was measured in Tehran city center was in the range of 24- 45 ppb in 1991-1992 and a higher concentration of 45-65 ppb was measured in 1999-2000. This high surface ozone concentration could cause a severe damage to biota, fauna and human health.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a detergent amount of the product of reaction between a polyamine and a stearic acid is described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 98 target molybdenum 99 niobium 91 photoneutrons photonuclear reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms for analysis of autoignition and knocking of hydrocarbon fuels is described. In particular, kinetic processes of concern for the oxidation of complex hydrocarbon fuel molecules are emphasized. The wide ranges of temperature and pressure which are encountered by end gases in automobile engine combustion chambers result in extreme demands on reaction mechanisms which are intended to describe knocking conditions and predict rates of combustion and ignition. The reactions and chemical species which are most important in each temperature and pressure regime are discussed, and the validation of these reaction mechanisms through comparison with idealized experimental results is described. 53 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

A method for the calculation of excitation functions and isomer ratios, for shape isomers, in heavy ion induced reactions is proposed. The calculated values of excitation functions and isomer ratios agree very well with the experimental values for the reaction /sup 238/U(/sup 11/B, alpha 3n)/sup 242/Am. (auth)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The review is devoted to the use of ionic liquids as solvents, immobilized organocatalysts and reagents in reactions involving carbon acids and 1,3-dipoles, which are widely used to prepare practically valuable organic compounds of various classes. The characteristic features of processes in the presence of ionic liquids, the effects of the structure of cations and anions on the regio-, stereo- and enantioselectivities of reactions and methods of recovery of ionic liquids are considered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The principle of operation of shaft furnaces is explained and demonstrated in four practical examples. The conditions and parameters determining coke conversion in the combustion zone and in the Boudouard reaction range are described. The combustion process is treated as a whole while the reduction process is discussed separately for the blast furnace, the cupola furnace, and the shaft furnace. The possibilities describing the Boudouard reaction as a function of the temperature level are discussed and consequences are derived for further experimental and theoretical studies.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The reactions of alpha particles on natural abundance chromium have been studied between 40 and 110 MeV, in order to produce "5"2Fe for medical use. The yield of the reaction "5"2Cr(#alpha#,4n)"5"2Fe for Esub(#alpha#) = 85 #-># 53 MeV is only 30 #mu#Ci/#mu#Ah. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An 'electron-bridge' mechanism of nuclear reaction in an atom or ion by ultra-intense laser fields is presented. A preliminary estimate of the intensity dependence of the rate of disintegration reaction of deuteron nucleus in deuterium atom is made for 800 nm laser fields. For intensities below 5x1021 W/cm2, the rate of disintegration by the 'electron-bridge' mechanism is found to be small, but it rises sharply and becomes large already for ?1022 W/cm2.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

R-matrix analyses of neutron-induced reactions for many of the lightest p-shell nuclei are difficult due to a lack of distinct resonance structure in the reaction cross sections. Initial values for the required R-matrix parameters, E,sub(lambda) and ..gamma..sub(lambdac) for states in the compound system, can be obtained from shell model calculations. In the present work, the results of recent shell model calculations for the lithium isotopes have been used in R-matrix analyses of /sup 6/Li+n and /sup 7/Li+n reactions for E sub(n) < 8 MeV. Consequences of the shell model predictions for the level structure of /sup 7/Li and /sup 8/Li on the /sup 6/Li+n and /sup 7/Li+n reaction mechanisms and cross sections are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the course of designing a catalytic porous membrane reactor for experimental studies, both inside and outside of the non-reaction zones as well as the two ends of the membrane need to be completely sealed to ensure that there is no flow across the membrane in the non-reaction zone. Experiments show that up to 50% of the total flow across the membrane may be contributed by the axial flow along the wall of the non-reaction zones if only one side of the membrane is sealed. Another problem that cannot be solved by sealing is the capillary flow of the catalyst along the tube wall into the non-reaction zones when the catalyst is doped on the membrane. One of the best ways to avoid this axial flow of catalyst would be to use non-porous tubes in the non-reaction zones and join them with the porous membrane tube. In doing so, the cost of the membrane reactor could be reduced simply ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuclear astrophysics seeks for a possible explanation of the observed abundance distribution of various elements and their isotopes in the universe. Most of the relevant nuclear reactions take place in thermally equilibrium environments with bare nuclei, rather than accelerated and head-on colliding situations with low ionisation states of reactant atoms and molecules that are emulated in the laboratories. Moreover, the temperature of the astrophysical environments is quite often low compared to the centre-of-mass energy of the projectile nuclides, that is required for the reaction to be meaningfully investigated in the laboratory. Therefore, an extrapolation of the data on the reaction cross sections to very low energies and to extremely high density situations is generally called for, which are substantially altered every now and then for a number of astrophysically important reactions. The ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism is developed for primary reference fuel mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl nonane for diesel cetane ratings. The mechanisms are constructed using existing rules for reaction pathways and rate expressions developed previously for the primary reference fuels for gasoline octane ratings, n-heptane and iso-octane. These reaction mechanisms are validated by comparisons between computed and experimental results for shock tube ignition and for oxidation under jet-stirred reactor conditions. The combined kinetic reaction mechanism contains the submechanisms for the primary reference fuels for diesel cetane ratings and submechanisms for the primary reference fuels for gasoline octane ratings, all in one integrated large kinetic reac...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper examines cupric chloride solid conversion during hydrolysis in a thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle for hydrogen production. The hydrolysis reaction is a challenging step, in terms of the excess steam requirement and the decomposition of cupric chloride (CuCl_2) into cuprous chloride (CuCl) and chlorine (Cl_2). The hydrolysis and decomposition reactions are analyzed with respect to the chemical equilibrium constant. The effects of operating parameters are examined, including the temperature, pressure, excess steam and equilibrium conversion. A maximization of yield and selectivity are very important. Rate constants for the simultaneous reaction steps are determined using a uniform reaction model. A shrinking core model is used to determine the rate coefficients and predict the solid conversion time, with diffusional and reaction control. These new results are ...

Science.gov (United States)

Radioimmunochemical assay was used to study the hypophyseal and peripheral hormones activity in 60 patients with chronic alcoholism, stage II. A correlation has been established between the patient's age and prolactin and FSH concentrations, as well as between the duration of the recent hard drinking and the concentrations of prolactin, testosterone, FSH and interstitial cell stimulating hormone. It has been shown that the manifestation of the alcoholic abstinent syndrome depended on the prolactin concentration. The test sensitivity estimated by the prolactin level rise and the testosterone level reduction reached 92.3%. The specificity of the changes detected comprised 25%. A conclusion has been made that the disorders noted in the patients with chronic alcoholic intoxication can be used as an objective test in the alcoholism diagnosis. PMID:3936321

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Total M shell X-ray production cross section for 11 elements with 69 #<=# Z #<=# 92 have been measured using an incident photon energy of 5.96 keV. Measurements have been performed using an "5"5Fe annular source and a Si(Li) detector. Average M shell fluorescence yield at each incident photon energy has been deduced, using the experimental total M X-ray production cross section and theoretical M shell photoionization cross section. Present experimental results are compared with other experimental and theoretical values. Reasonable agreement (to within 0.3-28%) is typically obtained between present and other experimental and theoretical values.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two peptide ligands conjugated adenine, [9-N-(tritylmercapto acetyl diglycyl aminoethyl) adenine, Tr-MAG_2-Ade] and [9-N-(tritylmercapto acetyl triglycyl aminoethyl) adenine, Tr-MAG3-Ade], are synthesized and labeled with "9"9"mTc by directly labeling method. The stability of "9"9"mTc-MAG_2- adenine and "9"9"mTc-MAG_3-adenine in vitro is measured. The uptake radios of tumor to muscle at 3h post-injection are 5.70 and 4.92, respectively. The biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies show that the two complexes have high localization in tumor and high contrasted tumor images can be obtained, which suggest their potential utility as tumor imaging agents. But the high radioactivity of abdomen could prevent the tumor imaging in this area. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moss-Schottky plots and photoelectrochemical measurements were made on films formed at different potentials on AISI 304 stainless steel in a borate/boric acid solution, pH 9.2. The results allowed the determination of the semiconductive properties and band structure of the films, which account for the existence of two kinds of films depending on the formation potential. For potentials below 0 V (SCE), the results point out for a film with an inverse spinel structure constituted by Cr-substituted magnetite with two donor levels. Above 0 V only one donor level is detected, which should be Fe"2 "+ on tetrahedral sites.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In order to investigate the potential role of arctic geese in the epidemiology, the spatial and temporal spread of selected avian diseases, in autumn 2002, a virological and serological survey designed as capture-mark-resighting study was conducted in one of the most important coastal resting sites for migratory waterfowl in Germany. Oropharyngeal, cloacal swabs and blood samples were collected from a total of 147 birds comprising of three different arctic geese species including White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), Tundra Bean Goose (Anser fabalis rossicus), Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) as well as from 29 non-migratory Canada Geese (Branta canadensis). Altogether, six adeno-like viruses (ALV; 95% CI, 1.74?9.92%) and two avian paramyxoviruses (APMV-4; 95% CI, 0.19?5.53%) were...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The flexibility of bus rapid transit (BRT) in scheduling is one of the greatest differences with traditional buses. In order to improve BRT operation quality, the paper studied the headway optimization and scheduling combination of BRT vehicles. A model has been established to minimize passengers travel costs and vehicles operation cost, and constraints included passenger volume, time, and frequency. The scheduling combination was composed by normal, zone, and express scheduling. The model was solved by genetic algorithm of variable-length coding. The result of the numerical case shows that: the optimization results can save 69.92% cost. The sensitivity analysis shows that, under higher traffic volume or lower speed, the travel cost can be reduced through reasonable scheduling combination....

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Comparative analysis of diagnostic accuracy (dignity determination) in CT-guided fine-needle biopsy (141 patients), CT (141), ultrasonography (89), angiography (50), and cholegraphy (ERCP, 55), was carried out in suspected space-occupying lesions of the pancreas. With accuracy of 86%, sensitivity of 37% and specificity of 92% fine-needle biopsy was superior to imaging procedures. Additional comparison of the results concerning the patients and Roc curves confirm the statements. For reduction of the number of imaging investigations a diagnostic algorithm is proposed, that starts with diagnostic CT and subsequent fine-needle biopsy controlled by CT. This would result in a more adequate use of angiography and ERCP and in the elimination of ultrasonography. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study was the analyse the relationship between properties of ion nitrided Fe sintered material and parameters of plasma nitriding process. Pure fe sintered materials (relative density : 92%) were fabricated by hot-pressing and nitrided under pulsed DC plasma for 4 hours. The large number of parameters in plasma diffusion treatment allows close control of the process so that surface layers with defined microstructures and properties can be obtained. The number of micropores in nitriding layer can be reduced in pulsed DC plasma by reducing the plasma power and by varying the gas mixture. The phase constitution of compound layer of nitrided Fe sintered material were influenced by gas mixture (N_2 : H_2) and pulsed ratio (pulse on/off time ratio).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Although various risk factors for AKI have been reported, the influence of pretransplant comorbidity on the incidence of AKI has not been well investigated. We performed a retrospective analysis of 207 consecutive patients undergoing myeloablative or nonmyeloablative SCT between 2001 and 2009, using the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) as a representative of pretransplant comorbidities. According to Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria, 158 patients (76.3%) developed AKI, and 92 patients (44.4%) developed severe AKI (RIFLE class I or class F) within 100 days after SCT. The cumulative incidence of severe AKI within 1...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An ytterbium-169 high dose rate brachytherapy source, distinguished by an intensity-weighted average photon energy of 92.7 keV and a 32.015#+-#0.009 day half-life, is characterized in terms of the updated AAPM Task Group Report No. 43 specifications using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo computer code. In accordance with these specifications, the investigation included Monte Carlo simulations both in water and air with the in-air photon spectrum filtered to remove low-energy photons below 10 keV. TG-43 dosimetric data including S_K, D(r,#theta#), #LAMBDA#, g_L(r), F(r,#theta#), #phi#_a_n(r), and #phi#_a_n were calculated and statistical uncertainties in these parameters were derived and calculated in the appendix.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the early 1980s, a program was begun to evaluate the oil shale resources of the Albert Formation by undertaking a geological lithofacies study of the Albert strata in the Moncton Subbasin of southeastern New Brunswick. Most rock exposures of the Albert were examined from 1982-84 and additional field work was carried out in the summers of 1989 and 1990. In January 1989, 1,900 km of Vibroseis seismic reflection profiles shot from 1981-84 by Chevron Canada Resources Ltd. in the Moncton and Sackville subbasins became publicly available. This report gives the results of the geological investigations on the Albert Formation in the southeastern Moncton Subbasin and the integration of interpreted seismic reflection profiles to help resolve some of the geological problems encountered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper investigates steels 12Kh18N10T, 10Kh17N13M2T, 08Kh22N6T, and 08Kh21N6M2T. In corrosion of stainless steels in sulfuric acid solutions, dissolved sulfur dioxide acts as a cathodic depolarizer, capable of being reduced to elemental sulfur or forming sulfides with the metal. Depending on the conditions, this is associated with some increase in potential and greater or lesser increase in corrosion or facilitation of passivation of active steel. After passivation the influence of SO/sub 2/ is negligible. The results of this investigation were used as initial data for developing systems of anodic protection for shell-and-tube heat exchangers for sulfuric acid.

CERN Document Server

We study N=2 SuperVirasoro SCFT for the generic value of the central charge. The main tool is the nonstandard bosonisation suggested in \\ref\\rRoz{L. Rozansky a letter to M. Bershadsky, 1989}, \\ref\\rSeBGR{B. Gato-Rivera, A. Semikhatov Phys. Letts. B293 (1992) 72},\\ref\\rBLNW{M. Bershadsky, W. Lerche, D. Nemeshansky, N. Warner N=2 Extended superconformal structure of Gravity and W Gravity coupled to Matter HUTP-A034/92}. The free field resolutions for the irreducible representations are obtained; the characters of these representations are computed. The quantum hamiltonian reduction from the Kac-Moody $\\hat{sl}_k(2|1)$ to N=2 $SVir$ is constructed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) is a program of the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Technology Development whose mission is to evaluate different new and existing technologies and determine how well they address DOE community waste remediation problems. Twenty-three Technical Task Plans (TTPs) have been identified to support this mission during FY-92; 10 of these have identified some support requirements when demonstrations take place. Section 1 of this report describes the tasks supported by BWID, determines if a technical demonstration is proposed, and if so, identifies the support requirements requested by the TTP Principal Investigators. Section 2 of this report is an evaluation identifying facility characteristics of existing Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) facilities that may be considered for use in BWID technology demonstration activities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the flood surveys, it is fundamental to set up the relations of stage-damage. And this makes it possible to evaluate the flood regulation effects of the multipurpose dam and/or levee construction for optimum formulation. Unfortunately in the previous basin studies excluding the Han river basin survey, the conventional approaches on this matter have not been performed due to its time-consuming complexity. In this study we attempted a new method based on the disaster status, and constructed six stage-damage curves along the reaches of the Kum river basin, based upon the flood events records for recent 12 years (1981-92). (author). 12 refs., 3 tabs., 13 figs.

CERN Document Server

In their Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 121302 (2004)] (also [Astron. Astrophys. 417, 853 (2004)]), Srianand et al. analysed optical spectra of heavy-element species in 23 absorption systems along background quasar sight-lines, reporting limits on relative variations in the fine-structure constant: da/a=(-0.06+/-0.06) x 10^{-5}. Here we demonstrate basic flaws in their analysis, using the same data and absorption profile fits, which led to spurious values of da/a and significantly underestimated uncertainties. We conclude that these data and fits offer no stringent test of previous evidence for a varying alpha.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The performance of advanced ceramics under cavitation loading in distilled water was studied by using a laboratory test with vibration-induced cavitation following the pattern of the ASTM standard G32-92. The hardened and tempered martensitic steel 100Cr6 was used as a reference. The aim was to identify mechanisms and the effects of important microstructural parameters on damage of polished Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-ZrO{sub 2}, ZrO{sub 2} and SiC ceramics. Results showed that surface damage of brittle ceramics was mainly dominated by intergranular fracture, followed by detachment of single grains or fragments of them. Both incubation time and erosion rate were affected by the amount of initial surface cavities, grain sizes and secondary phases at grain boundaries. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fifty-nine patients underwent free flap osteocutaneous reconstruction that consisted of flaps of the dorsum of the foot in 26 patients and iliac crest flaps in 33 with a success rate of 92 percent and a mortality rate of 1.6 percent. These flaps, which require the expertise of microvascular surgeons, are time-consuming and complicate operating room and time management, but they represent a remarkable advance in reconstruction that can facilitate cosmetic and functional recovery of the patient. In particular, they promote healing in radiation-recurrent oral cancer and represent a definitive form of management for established radionecrosis of the mandible. The large volume of tissue available with iliac crest osteocutaneous grafts permits the management of patients with extensive cancer involving the skin, mucosa, and bone, but cancer control may still be disappointing and there is a need for improved adjuvant chemotherapy protocols. This technique appears to be a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The reactions between (100) GaAs and the near-noble metals Ni, Pd, and Pt have been investigated by application of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive analysis of x rays in the scanning TEM and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the phase distributions, film compositions, and interface morphologies during annealing at temperatures up to 480 /sup 0/C. The first phase in the Ni/GaAs reaction is shown to have the nominal composition Ni/sub 3/GaAs. Ternary phases of the type Pd/sub x/GaAs are also found to be the dominant products of the Pd/GaAs reaction. Conversely, only binary phases result from the Pt/GaAs reaction. These observations are used to construct isothermal sections of the M--Ga--As thin-film phase diagrams. The behavior of a thin (1--2 nm) native oxide--hydrocarbon layer during the Ni/GaAs, Pd/GaAs, and Pt/GaAs ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It was previously reported that the tritium tracer method is useful for the quantitative consideration of hydrogen behavior in coal during coal liquefaction reaction. Tetralin is excellent hydrogen donating solvent, and is considered as one of the model compounds of coal. In this study, effects of H2S and H2O on the hydrogen exchange reaction between tetralin and gaseous hydrogen labeled by tritium were investigated. It was suggested that the conversion of tetralin and the hydrogen exchange reaction between gaseous hydrogen and tetralin proceed through the radical reaction mechanism with a tetralyl radical as an intermediate product. When H2S existed in this reaction, the hydrogen exchange yield increased drastically without changing the conversion yield. This suggested that the hydrogen exchange reaction proceeds even in the reaction where ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: Format: MATXS; Number of groups: 175 neutron-, 42 photon-groups; 176 Nuclides: 1-H-1, 1-H-2, 1-H-3, 2-He-3, 2-He-4, 3-Li-6, 3-Li-7, 4-Be-9, 5-B-10, 5-B-11, 6-C- nat., 7-N-14, 7-N-15, 8-O-16, 8-O-17, 9-F-19, 11-Na-23, 12-Mg-nat., 13-Al-27, 14-Si-nat., 14-Si-28, 14-Si-29, 14-Si-30, 15-P-31, 16-S-32, 17-Cl-nat., 19-K-nat., 20-Ca-nat., 21-Sc-45, 22-Ti-nat., 23-V-nat., 24-Cr-50, 24-Cr-52, 24-Cr-53, 24-Cr-54, 25-Mn-25, 26-Fe-54, 26-Fe-56, 26-Fe-57, 26-Fe-58, 27-Co-59, 28-Ni-58, 28-Ni-60, 28-Ni-61, 28-Ni-62, 28-Ni-64, 29-Cu-63, 29-Cu-65, 31-Ga-nat., 39-Y-89, 40-Zr-nat., 40-Zr-90, 40-Zr-91, 40-Zr-92, 40-Zr-94, 40-Zr-96, 41-Nb-93, 42-Mo-nat., 46-Pd-102, 46-Pd-104, 46-Pd-105, 46-Pd-106, 46-Pd-108, 46-Pd-110, 47-Ag-107, 47-Ag-109, 48-Cd-106, 48-Cd-108, 48-Cd-110, 48-Cd-112, 48-Cd-113, 48-Cd-114, 48-Cd-116, 49-In-nat., 53-I-127, 54-Xe-124, 54-Xe-126, 54-Xe-128, 54-Xe-129, 54-Xe-130, 54-Xe-131, 54-Xe-132, 54-Xe-134, 54-Xe-136, 55-Cs-133, ...

Science.gov (United States)

BACKGROUND: Immune suppressant medications such as thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents are important for maintaining disease control in most patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, their use has been associated with the development of malignant lymphoma. The purpose of this Dutch nationwide study was to estimate the relative risk of malignant lymphoma in IBD patients. METHODS: IBD patients who developed a lymphoma between 1997 and 2004 were identified using the Dutch National Database of PALGA. Data from confirmed cases were collected from individual hospitals, including data on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The age-adjusted 8-year incidence of malignant lymphoma in the Netherlands was retrieved from the Central Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: Forty-two hospitals were visited and 285 matches evaluated in the total cohort of 17,834 IBD patients. Forty-four lymphomas were observed, resulting in a relative risk of 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Visualization of falx cerebral on non-enhanced computer tomography (CT) of children with severe head injuries (the falx sign) has been regarded as an evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the contrary, other authors have reported reverse results. To evaluate clinical significance of the falx sign, authors studied frequency of visualization and CT number of falx cerebri and dural sinuses in 65 children with head injury and 65 children without head injury examined by cranial computer tomography at the Department of radiology, St Paul's Hospital, Catholic Medical College from March to September, 1981. All patients with head trauma were studied within 1 week of the traumatic event. Visualization of falx cerebri was observed at slice in the region of lateral ventricle and slice near to vertex respectively. On the slice in the region of lateral ventricle, falx cerebri was identified in 82% of all of the children examined, of which 92% showed partial ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for the assessment of durable occlusion of intracranial aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) and to point out the influence of MRA results in re-intervention strategies. Forty-five patients with 54 aneurysms that were previously treated by endovascular occlusion with GDC were selected for this study. All patients underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and MRA examinations on the same day. The time-of-flight MRA studies were performed on a 1-T scanner. The MRA images were first read by radiologists who were not aware of the DSA results. In a second consensus reading by the neuroradiologists who had performed all interventional procedures of this series, the decision was made as to whether re-treatment was necessary. The distribution of aneurysm sizes, configurations and treatment results were sufficient for an unbiased evaluation. The first blinded evaluation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aim: To evaluate magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) with high-resolution dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the imaging features of hilar cholangiocarcinoma that relate to tumour extent and influence resectability. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients that underwent resection were reviewed. Tumour location and extent, lobar atrophy, the degree of portal vein and hepatic artery involvement were recorded. The findings were correlated with surgical and histopathological findings. Results: Biliary assessment was concordant in 14 and discordant in eight of 14 stented and four of 12 non-stented patients. In 63/82 veins and 43/74 arteries results were fully concordant. The mean sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) in predicting involvement of the main portal vein (MPV) at surgery were 83.3, 100, 100, and 92.5%; of the left main branch of the portal vein (LPV) were 100, 91.6, 93.3, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Description of problem or function: Format: EXREM III; Nuclides: radioactive decay data on 252 Nuclides: 1H-3, 4Be-7, 6C-11, 6C-14, 7N-13, 8O-15, 9F-18, 11Na-22, 11Na-24, 12Mg-28, 13Al-28, 15P-32, 15P-33, 16S-35, 17Cl-36, 17Cl-38, 18A-37, 18A-39, 19K-40, 19K-42, 19K-43, 20Ca-45, 20Ca-47, 20Ca-49, 21Sc-46, 21Sc-47, 21Sc-49, 24Cr-51, 25Mn-52M, 25Mn-52, 25Mn-54, 26Fe-52, 26Fe-55, 26Fe-59, 27Co-56, 27Co-57, 27Co-58, 27Co-60, 28Ni-56, 28Ni-63, 29Cu-64, 30Zn-65, 30Zn-69M, 30Zn-69, 31Ga-67, 31Ga-68, 32Ge-77, 33As-76, 33As-77, 34Se-75, 35Br-80M, 35Br-80, 35Br-82, 35Br-83, 35Br-84, 36Kr-79, 36Kr-83M, 36Kr-85M, 36Kr-85, 36Kr-87, 36Kr-88, 37Rb-84, 37Rb-86, 37Rb-87, 37Rb-88, 37Rb-89, 37Rb-90M, 37Rb-90, 38Sr-85, 38Sr-87M, 38Sr-89, 38Sr-90, 38Sr-91, 38Sr-92, 38Sr-93, 39Y-87, 39Y-88, 39Y-90, 39Y-91M, 39Y-91, 39Y-92, 39Y-93, 40Zr-93, 41Nb-93M, 40Zr-95, 40Zr-97, 41Nb-95M, 41Nb-95, 41Nb-97M, 41Nb-97, 42Mo-99, 43Tc-99M, 43Tc-99, 44Ru-103, 44Ru-105, 44Ru-106, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this thesis the rate constants for a number of radical reactions in aqueous solution have been studied in a wide temperature range. The reactions of H with H_2O_2, OH and HO_2 and the reactions of HO_2 with OH, Fe"2"+ and Cu"2"+ have been studied. For each reaction rate constants have been determined as a function of temperature using the technique of high temperature, high pressure (HTP) pulse radiolysis. The rate constants were obtained by fitting a kinetic computer model to the experimental data. From an Arrhenius plot the activation energy of each reaction was determined. The data determined in this way are important for modeling of radiolysis in nuclear light water reactors. A previously developed model for calculation of the effect of water radiolysis products on oxidation and dissolution of spent nuclear fuel has been improved. In the new model, called TraRaMo, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Despite the rapid development of literature pertaining to fundamental (1-4) studies of oxidation catalysis, a general theory of heterogeneous selective oxidation catalysis explaining the selectivity behavior of different metal oxide systems has not yet been developed. Redox mechanisms have been widely invoked in the kinetic and mechanistic descriptions of selective oxidation reactions, suggesting a dynamic behavior of hydrocarbon and oxygen interactions with the catalyst surface. Nevertheless, most of the recent theoretical approaches of this subject matter (5-7) are essentially static in nature. Correlations are made with surface structure on the basis of crystallographic considerations with selectivity being related to the nature, number, bond-strength and nearness of oxygen atoms in the neighborhood of adsorption centers. The effect of the reaction medium on the configuration of the catalyst surface, and thus its influence on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The research has involved the characterization of catalyst acidity, [sup 2]D NMR studies of Bronsted acid sites, and kinetic, calorimetric, and spectroscopic studies of methylamine synthesis and related reactions over acid catalysts. Approach of this work was to explore quantitative correlations between factors that control the generation, type, strength, and catalytic properties of acid sites on zeolite catalysts. Microcalorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy have provided information about the nature and strength of acid sites in zeolites. This was vital in understanding the catalytic cycles involved in methylamine synthesis and related reactions over zeolite catalysts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schemata for modelling combustion processes do not yet include reaction rates for oxygenated fuels like methylal (DMM) which is considered as an additive or replacement for diesel due to its low sooting propensity. Density functional theory (DFT) studies of the possible reaction pathways for different dissociation steps of methylal are presented. Cleavage of a hydrogen bond to the methoxy group or the central carbon atom were simulated at the BLYP/6-311++G{sup **} level of theory. The results are compared to the experiment when dissociating and/or ionising DMM with femtosecond pulses. (author) 1 fig., 1 tab., 1 ref.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Green River oil shale was air oxidized at subretorting temperatures. Off gases consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water were monitored and quantitatively determined. A mathematical model of the oxidation reactions based on a shrinking core model has been developed. This model incorporates the chemical reaction of oxygen and the organic material in the oil shale as well as the diffusivity of the oxygen into the shale particle. Diffusivity appears to be rate limiting for the oxidation. Arrhenius type equations, which include a term for oil shale grade, have been derived for both the chemical reaction and the diffusivity.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Discrepancies between the energy level schemes of "1"0"9Cd determined by radioactive decay studies and "1"1"0Cd(d, t) reaction studies were investigated by a new study of the "1"1"0Cd(d, t) reaction. Sixteen triton groups were found, J/sup pi/ assignments were made, and spectroscopic factors and fullnesses of single particle states were determined and compared with those for isotonic nuclei. The results remove or clarify all previous discrepancies.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the reaction sup(nat)Ag + /sup 40/Ar (285 MeV) there have been measured the energy spectra of the isotopes of elements from H to Cl at an emission angle of 40/sup 0/, the energy spectra and angular distributions of /sup 1/H, /sup 2/H, /sup 3/H, and /sup 4/He, and the angular distributions of Li, Be, B, and C. The contribution from multinucleon transfer reactions to the formation of light charged particles is discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this textbook is to present a relatively simple treatise of the theoretical principles and working methods of photochemistry, key photochemical reactions and important practical applications to enable the reader (a basic knowledge of chemistry is assumed) to work independently is this field. In accordance with the broad scale of this subject, which cuts across numerous disciplines, the topics treated range from photochemical, photophysical and spectroscopical fundamentals, through associated work procedures and methods of evaluation and the various types of reactions to photochemical processes in nature and applied technology. The photochemical properties and reactions of organic and inorganic compounds (preferably coordination compounds) are discussed in each chapter.

Science.gov (United States)

We have investigated the stability and catalytic activity of epitaxial overlayers of rhodium on Au(111) and Pd(111). Both surfaces show a strong affinity for hydrogen. We have calculated the energy of adsorption both for a strongly and a more weakly adsorbed species; the latter is the intermediate in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Both the energy of activation for hydrogen adsorption (Volmer reaction) and hydrogen recombination (Tafel reaction) are very low, suggesting that these overlayers are excellent catalysts. PMID:21847482

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The energy spectra of few-nucleon transfer reactions obtained by bombarding a /sup 197/Au nucleus with the 341 MeV /sup 20/Ne beam of the Berkeley cyclotron have been analysed successfully in terms of direct surface transfer reactions populating the continuum states. At the grazing angle we are dealing with one-step processes; at forward angle two-step processes have to be taken into account.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bremsstrahlung emitted in the {alpha}+p reaction at 50 MeV/nucleon was studied using a 200 MeV {alpha}-particle beam and a liquid hydrogen target. Double-differential photon cross sections were measured over a wide range of angles and energies. Coherent bremsstrahlung was found to be strong for all photon energies. The cross section is enhanced at the highest photon energies and is characteristic of direct capture to the unbound {sup 5}Li ground and first excited state. With direct capture as a limiting case of coherent bremsstrahlung a consistent reaction picture can be obtained.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In a double blind test on 40 men and women high performance fencers the influence of a multivitamin-electrolyte-preparation on reaction time, hit-frequency and neuromuscular irritability was determined....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... compton spectrometers cross sections energy resolution energy-level transitions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iodine-125 labelled vinyl and aryl iodides are formed via the reaction of sodium iodide-125 with vinyl- and arylboronic acids. Good yields of isomerically pure products are obtained.