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The authors present the emitter efficiency results for the thin film 25 percent Ho YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Y3Al5O12) selective emitter from 1000 to 1700 K with a platinum substrate. Spectral emittance and emissive power measurements were made (1.2 less than lambda less than 3.2 microns) and used to calculate the radiative efficiency. The radiative efficiency and power density of rare earth doped selective emitters are strongly dependent on temperature and experimental results indicate an optimum temperature (1650 K for Ho YAG) for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications.

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In this paper the authors present the first emitter efficiency results for the thin film 40 percent Er-1.5 percent Ho YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Y3Al5O12) and 25 percent Ho YAG selective emitter at 1500 K with a platinum substrate. Spectral emittance and emissive power measurements were made (1.2 less than lambda less than 3.2 microns). Emitter efficiency and power density are significantly improved with the addition of multiple rare earth dopants. Predicted efficiency results are presented for an optimized (equal power density in the Er, (4)I[sub 15/2]-(4)I[sub 13/2] at 1.5 microns, and Ho, (5)I[sub 7]-(5)I[sub 8] at 2.0 micron emission bands) Er-Ho YAG thin film selective emitter.

Science.gov (United States)

films and cylinders of rare earth doped yttrium aluminum garnets. ... We knew that yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) could be doped with ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADA539462. Title : 6.5 kW, Yb:YAG Ceramic Thin Disk Laser. Descriptive Note : Technical note 1 Jan-1 Dec 2010. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The clinical courses of heterotopic ossification (HO) as a consequence of trauma and central nervous system insults have many similarities as well as dissimilarities. Detection is commonly noted at two months. The incidence of clinically significant HO is 10%-20%. Approximately 10% of the HO is massive and causes severe restriction in joint motion or ankylosis. The most common sign and symptom are decreased range of motion and pain. The locations are the proximal limbs and joints. Sites of HO about a joint may vary according to the etiology of the HO. Roentgenographic evolution of HO occurs during a six-month period in the majority of patients. Treatment modalities include diphosphonates, indomethacin, radiation, range of motion exercises, and surgical excision. Surgical timing differs according to etiology: traumatic HO may be resected at ...

Science.gov (United States)

... is Jin Ho Ocean Enterprise Co., Ltd., a Taiwanese business incorporated in 1985. Under the U.S. Oil ... ...

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We present an x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study performed on both Ho{sub 6}Fe{sub 23} and Y{sub 6}Fe{sub 23} compounds as a function of the temperature. The combined analysis of both Fe K-edge and Ho L{sub 2,3}-edge XMCD spectra recorded through the magnetic compensation transition allows us to disentangle the thermal dependence of both Fe and Ho magnetic moments in Ho{sub 6}Fe{sub 23}. In addition, contributions from Ho ions to the Fe K-edge XMCD signals and, conversely, from Fe ions to the Ho L{sub 2,3}-edge XMCD spectra have been clearly identified. These extra contributions, arising from the strong Fe(3d)-Ho(5d) hybridization, have been isolated from the spectra and correlated with the magnetic state of both Ho and Fe ions surrounding the absorbing site. The influence of these contributions to the values ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThere are various treatment options for congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN), including surgical excision, dermabrasions, curettage, laser treatment, chemical peels and cryosurgery....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic behavior in three compounds RTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} (R = Nd, Eu and Ho) with defect-perovskite structures has been investigated by DC magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility of NdTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} shows strong influence of crystal field. For EuTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} a typical Van Vleck paramagnetism has been observed. HoTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} obeys a Curie-Weiss law above 20 K. (orig.) 8 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a limiting disease having, among its pathological features, the inflammation of synovial tissue with progressive and later destruction of the articulation. This leads to joint deformation and loss of its function, generating pain and reducing the mobility of the affected articulation. The aim was to evaluate "1"6"6Ho-Hydroxyapatite ("1"6"6 Ho-HA) as potential radiopharmaceutical for the symptomatic treatment of chronic and acute arthritis. Materials and Methods: Holmiun-166 was produced by irradiation of Ho_2O_3 at La Reina Research Reactor, Nuclear Chilean Energy Commission. Hydroxyapatite was in-house synthesized. Its labelling and quality controls follows the internationally accepted procedures. An antigen's arthritis was induced to eight New Zealand rabbits with the "1"6"6 Ho-HA radiochemical being administered thereafter in two dosage modalities (single and double). The ...

Science.gov (United States)

Repetitively Q-switched operation of an end-pumped Nd:YAG laser over the range of 200 Hz to 3 kHz using an intracavity chopper is demonstrated. Performance is shown to be comparable to that achieved with an acousto-optic Q switch under similar conditions. The advantages and limitations of the mechanical Q switch are described. Parametric variations of output coupling and pump power lead to an extended empirical description of repetitively Q-switched laser operation. The insertion loss as a function of aperture-edge penetration into the resonator is reported, and a definition of the mechanical Q-switch opening time is provided. Q-switched pulsewidths as short as 35 ns were obtained for the Nd:YAG laser, with a peak power-enhancement factor in excess of 300. PMID:20862099

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 with (x = 0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho"3"+ acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (M_s), remanent magnetization (M_r) and coercivity (H_c) were observed by changing Ho"3"+ content in BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 ferrites. Coercivity showed a maximum value of 2230 Oe for (x = 0.4) and then ...

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We have undertaken a study of ion mobility resolution in a miniature ion mobility spectrometer with a drift channel 1.7 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length. The device attained a maximum resolution of 14 in separating ions of NO, O{sub 2}, and methyl iodine. The ions were generated by pulses from a frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG laser. Broadening due to Coulomb repulsion was modeled theoretically and shown experimentally to have a major effect on the resolution of the miniature device.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The spin relaxation processes within the pyrochlore Ho{sub 2}Ru{sub 2}O{sub 7} have been investigated by neutron scattering and bulk property techniques. A single-ion process, that is thermally activated, dominates the spin-spin relaxation spectrum above 2 K. Assuming Arrhenius behaviour, we found an activation energy {delta} = (329 {+-} 6) K and characteristic relaxation time {tau}{sub 0} (5.2 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup -12} s in the paramagnetic state, akin to those found in the spin ice, Ho{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}. Atlow temperature (T<95 K) the activation energy lowers and below 20 K the entropy and ac susceptibility are similar to that observed in other spin ice compounds within a 10 kOe field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of RPd_2Si compounds (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) are presented. The Gd and Tb based compounds are antiferromagnetic with Neel temperatures of 13.5 and 21 K respectively. For both compounds a metamagnetic transition is observed in low field. Moreover, in TbPd_2Si a transition between two different antiferromagnetic phases is observed at 8.5 K. The Dy, Ho and Er based compounds are ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures of 9, 3.5 ad 2.8 K respectively. The observed properties result from indirect exchange interactions and crystal field effects acting on rare earth ions which lie in a very low symmetry site. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic characteristics of the ternary alloys TCu_2Si_2 (T = Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) have been investigated. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out between 4.2 and 150 K and in magnetic fields of 1 to 18 kOe, using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The Curie-Weiss law is followed by NdCu_2Si_2 above 30 K, by DyCu_2Si_2 and HoCu_2Si_2 above 50 K, and by ErCu_2Si_2 and TmCu_2Si_2 above 9 K. Furthermore, the Curie paramagnetic temperatures are given.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The crystal structure of R/sub 6/Cu/sub 8/Sn/sub 8/ compounds (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) is determined and their magnetic susceptibility is measured in the temperature range 78-293 K. The structure of the compounds is isotypical with the Gd/sub 6/Cu/sub 8/Ge/sub 8/ type (space group Immm, Z=1). The magnetic susceptibility of the R/sub 6/Cu/sub 8/Sn/sub 8/ compounds is described by the Curie-Weiss law. Effective magnetic moments of R/sub 6/Cu/sub 8/Sn/sub 8/ compounds (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) are in good agreement with theoretical values for free R/sup 3 +/ ions.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSymptomatic heterotopic ossification (HO) in multiple trauma patients may lead to follow up surgery, furthermore the long-term outcome can be restricted. Knowledge of the...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic susceptibility of the ternary compounds, RPd_2Si_2 (where R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) has been measured. GdPd_2Si_2 and TbPd_2Si_2 order antiferromagnetically at 13 and 20 K respectively; the rest of the compounds do not show clear ordering down to 4.2 K. Palladium carries no moment in these compounds. The De Gennes formula is not obeyed indicating that the exchange interaction between the 4f moments via conduction electrons is not isotropic. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the reactions induced by heavy ions, the study of breakup of heavy ions followed by the fusion of one of the fragments with the target has been of great interest. The present experiments has been performed with a view to compare the measured excitation functions for the same decay channels in "1"2C + "1"6"5Ho and "1"4N + "1"6"3Dy systems

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The traveling-wave mode in ring lasers is achieved by two methods: by a reversing mirror, and by using an intracavity nonreciprocal device. This paper is devoted to realization of the traveling-wave mode in a mode-locked YAG-Nd ring laser by a method proposed by Tomov et al. This method uses two intracavity Q-switches. In mode-locked operation, pulses are generated that can be considered short compared with the period of modulation T = L/C (where L is the length of the perimeter of the cavity). Analysis shows that if the shift of the switching signals corresponds to the time of travel of a light pulse between Q-switches, the pulse in one direction will pass the Q-switches at instants of zero losses, while losses in the other direction will be maximized for a distance between Q-switches of L/4, and will be zero for a distance L/2. Experimental verification of the proposed method gave unidirectional lasing with an intensity ratio in the two directions of at least ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The glasses with the composition of 37.5Li2O?(25?x)Fe2O3?xNb2O5?37.5P2O5 (mol%) (x=5,10,15) are prepared, and it is found that the addition of Nb2O5 is effective for the glass formation in the lithium iron phosphate system. The glass?ceramics consisting of Nasicon-type Li3Fe2(PO4)3 crystals with an orthorhombic structure are developed through conventional crystallization in an electric furnace, showing electrical conductivities of 3?10?6?Scm?1 at room temperature and the activation energies of 0.48?eV (x=5) and 0.51?eV (x=10) for Li+ ion conduction in the temperature range of 30?200??C. A continuous wave Nd:YAG laser (wavelength: 1064?nm) with powers of 0.14?0.30?W and a scanning speed of 10??m/s is irradiated onto the surface of the glasses, and the formation of Li3Fe2(PO4)3 crystals is c...

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A temperature gradient across a thick ({ge}.1mm) film selective emitter will produce a significant reduction in the spectral emittance from the no temperature gradient case. Thick film selective emitters of rare earth doped host materials such as yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) are examples where temperature gradient effects are important. In this paper a model is developed for the spectral emittance assuming a linear temperature gradient across the film. Results of the model indicate that temperature gradients will result in reductions the order of 20{percent} or more in the spectral emittance. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Engineering ceramics have excellent properties such as high strength, high hardness and high heat resistance compared with metallic materials. To apply the ceramic in fast reactor environment, it is necessary to evaluate the sodium compatibility and the influence of sodium on the mechanical properties of ceramics. In this study, the influence of high temperature sodium on the mechanical properties of sintered ceramics of conventional and high purity Al_2O_3, SiC, SiAlON, AlN and unidirectional solidified ceramics of Al_2O_3/YAG eutectic composite were investigated by means of flexure tests. Test specimens were exposed in liquid sodium at 823K and 923K for 3.6Ms. There were no changes in the flexural strength of the conventional and high purity Al_2O_3, AlN and Al_2O_3/YAG eutectic composite after the sodium exposure at 823K. On the contrary, the decrease in the flexural strength was observed in SiC and SiAlON. After the sodium exposure at 923K, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neutron powder diffraction and magnetometric studies of the HoRh_2_-_xPd_xSi_2 series of solid solutions (x=0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 1.8) are reported. The intermetallics investigated crystallize in the body-centred-tetragonal ThCr_2Si_2-type structure (space group I4/mmm). All the samples order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. For low values of the dilution parameter x a simple collinear antiferromagnetic structure of the AFI type is stable. Below T_N the magnetic moments are parallel to the c-axis and then, below T_t, deflect forming an angle #psi# with the c-axis. Further replacement of Rh by Pd results in the development of a sine-wave-modulated magnetic structure with one two-component propagation vector and magnetic moments in the basal plane. For x=1.8 a sine-wave-modulated structure similar to that reported for HoPd_2Si_2 (i.e. with a two-component propagation vector and magnetic moments parallel to the b-axis) was found. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Purpose: To compare the safety and efficiency of conventional monopolar, plasmakinetic and holmium laser transurethral resection of bladder tumor (CM-TURBT, PK-TURBT and HoL-TURBT) while managing primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Patients and Methods: From 2005 to 2009, 173 patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer underwent endoscopic surgery. Among them, 51 patients underwent CM-TURBT, 58 patients underwent PK-TURBT, and 64 patients underwent HoL-TURBT. All patients were divided into three risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) based on the European Association of Urology guidelines and prognostic factors of recurrence. Clinical data, included preoperative, operative, and postoperative management and follow-up, were recorded. Results: Patient demograp...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have investigated the hemostatic properties of the free-electron laser (FEL) and compared these properties to the most commonly used commercial lasers in neurosurgery, CO_2 and Nd:YAG, using an acute canine model. Arterial and venous vessels, of varying diameters from 0.1 to 1.0 mm, were divided with all three lasers. Analysis of five wavelengths of the FEL (3.0, 4.5, 6.1, 6.45, and 7.7 microns) resulted in bleeding without evidence of significant coagulation, regardless of whether the vessel was an artery or vein. Hemorrhage from vessels less than 0.4 mm diameter was subsequently easily controlled with Gelfoam registered (topical hemostatic agent) alone, whereas larger vessels required bipolar electrocautery. No significant charring, or contraction of the surrounding parenchyma was noted with any of the wavelengths chosen from FEL source. The CO_2 laser, in continuous mode, easily coagulated vessels with diameters of 4 mm and less, while larger vessels ...

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The present conference on lens design encompasses physical and geometrical optics, diffractive optics, the optimization of optical design, software packages, ray tracing, the use of artificial intelligence, the achromatization of materials, zoom optics, microoptics and GRIN lenses, and IR lens design. Specific issues addressed include diffraction-performance calculations in lens design, the optimization of the optical transfer function, a rank-down method for automatic lens design, applications of quadric surfaces, the correction of aberrations by using HOEs in UV and visible imaging systems, and an all-refractive telescope for intersatellite communications. Also addressed are automation techniques for optics manufacturing, all-reflective phased-array imaging telescopes, the thermal aberration analysis of a Nd:YAG laser, the analysis of illumination systems, athermalized FLIR optics, and the design of array systems using shared symmetry.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have generated approximately 100 watts of frequency doubled light from the output of an electro-optically Q-switched, diode-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser oscillator operating at an average power of 200 watts (2.5 kHz repetition rate, 80 mJ/pulse, 25 ns pulsewidth). The Q-switch was a compensated z-axis propagation LiNbO{sub 3} electro-optic modulator, and the frequency conversion crystal was a thin slab of KTP. In addition, Q-switched operation at an average power of approximately 250 watts with 26 ns pulsewidths has been demonstrated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic susceptibility of powdered samples of HoH_3, ErH_3, GdH_3 and YbH_3 have been measured in the temperature range from 4.2 to 1.2 K. Two broad, local maxima are observed in the variation of chi versus T for GdH_3, with maxima in (delta chi/delta T) versus T at 1.8 K and 3.3 K. The inverse susceptibilities for HoH_3 and ErH_3 both obey a Curie--Weiss law over a limited range (4.2 to 2.6 K and 4.2 to 2 K, respectively) with values for the Weiss constant of -4.25 K and -1.11 K, and effective moments of 8.6 and 7.7 Bohr magnetons, respectively. The susceptibility of YbH_3 is independent of temperature over the range investigated. High-field magnetization measurements yield extrapolated saturation moments of 7.0 +- 0.25 Bohr magnetons/ion for GdH_3, 6.1 +- 0.2 Bohr magnetons/ion for HoH_3 and 3.74 +- 0.11 Bohr magnetons/ion for ErH_3. In addition, ErH_3 exhibits a van Vleck paramagnetism in the high-field region.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetization of R_2CuO_4 (R=Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) crystallizing in the Nd_2CuO_4-type (T') structure has been measured between 4 and 300 K. In Y_2CuO_4 antiferromagnetic ordering of Cu"2"+ spins at 260 K has been detected clearly, without being interfered with by the paramagnetic contribution of rare-earth elements as in the other compositions. Weak ferromagnetic behavior with a moment of 9x10"-"4 #mu#_B/Cu accompanies the antiferromagnetic transition. Dy"3"+, Ho"3"+, Er"3"+, and Tm"3"+ ions obey the Curie-Weiss law at relatively high temperatures, and the effective moments are in good agreement with the values anticipated from their lowest multiplet levels. Various types of deviations from the law occur at low temperatures. Specifically, a sharp kink possibly suggesting antiferromagnetic ordering of the Dy"3"+ moments has been found at 7 K. Anomalies around 200 K for Ho_2CuO_4 and Er_2CuO_4 reflect the weak ferromagnetic ...

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Experiments of autogenous laser full penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 3.5 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser welding velocity, flow rate of side-blow shielding gas, defocusing distance were investigated. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness and tensile strength testing. Results show that high quality full penetration laser-welded joint can be obtained by optimizing the welding velocity, flow rate of shielding gas and defocusing distance. The laser-welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of {gamma}-FeCr{sub 0.29}Ni{sub 0.16}C{sub 0.06} austenite solid solution dendrites as the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Experiments of autogenous laser full penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 3.5 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser welding velocity, flow rate of side-blow shielding gas, defocusing distance were investigated. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness and tensile strength testing. Results show that high quality full penetration laser-welded joint can be obtained by optimizing the welding velocity, flow rate of shielding gas and defocusing distance. The laser-welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of ?-FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06 austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and very small ...

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Proton and alpha particle spectral shapes and multiplicities have been measured in coincidence with evaporation residues from {sup 28}Si+{sup 165}Ho and {sup 16}O + {sup 197}Au, {sup 208}Pb fusion reactions. Our experiments used 145 to 220 MeV {sup 28}Si and 115 and 140 MeV {sup 16}O beams produced with the Stony Brook LINAC. ER`s were separated using an electrostatic deflector and detected with large area surface barrier detectors. Light charged particles were detected at forward and backward angles with fourteen single NaI detectors. In the context of the statistical model, charged particle spectra yield information about emission barriers and compound nucleus equilibrium level densities. These are significant ingredients in calculations determining fission timescales from other observables such as pre-scission neutron multiplicities or fusion-evaporation excitation functions. Results will also be compared to analyses of pre-scission charged particles from ...

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New rare earth oxide emitters show greater efficiency than previous emitters. As a result, based on a simple model the efficiency of these emitters was calculated. Results indicate that the emission band of the selective emitter must be at relatively low energy (less than or equal to .52 eV) to obtain maximum efficiency at moderate emitter temperatures (less than or equal to 1500 K). Thus low bandgap energy PV materials are required to obtain an efficient thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system. Of the 4 specific rare earths (Nd, Ho, Er, Yb) studied Ho has the largest efficiency at moderate temperatures (72 percent at 1500 K). A comparison was made between a selective emitter TPV system and a TPV system that uses a thermal emitter plus a band pass filter to make the thermal emitter behave like a selective emitter. Results of the comparison indicate that only for very optimistic filter and thermal emitter properties will the filter TPV system have a ...

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The CaWO{sub 4}:Ln{sup 3+} SiO{sub 2} (Ln=Tb, Dy and Ho) nanoparticles were synthesized via a combustion process at 800 {sup o}C, using citric acid as chelating agent and fuel, ammonium nitrate as fuel, boric acid as flux material and silica as supports. The persistent phosphor nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflectance UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. XRD patterns indicated that crystalline calcium tungstate with scheelite structure was produced. The reflectance UV-vis spectra showed the broad absorption band of WO{sub 4}{sup 2-} groups and the PL spectra showed the WO{sub 4}{sup 2-} wide excitation band, broad emission band of WO{sub 4}{sup 2-} and characteristic emissions of Ln{sup 3+} ions. The average particle sizes were determined by TEM, which are about 50 nm.

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Nuclear structure data pertaining to all known A = 166 nuclides (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt) have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation for A = 166 supersedes the previous publication (E.N. Shurshikov and N.V. Timofeeva, Nuclear Data Sheets 67, 45 (1992) (literature cutoff date 1 October 1990)) and the revision by C.M. Baglin of {sup 166}W (literature cutoff data 16 April 2000). It includes literature available by 1 March 2008. Subsequent to the previous evaluation, {sup 166}Gd has been observed for the first time and the first observations of excited states in {sup 166}Tb, {sup 166}Re, {sup 166}Os and {sup 166}Ir have been reported: also, knowledge of collective structure in {sup 166}Dy. {sup 166}Ho, {sup 1676}Er, {sup 166}Tm, {sup 166}Yb, {sup 166}Lu, {sup 166}Hf, and {sup 166}Ta has been considerably expanded. However, the structure suggested here for {sup ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Magnetic moment and susceptibility of single crystals of rare earth tartrates of the type R(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O (where R = Gd, Ho, and Yb), using a vibration sample magnetometer are reported. The experimental values of molar susceptibilities for Gd(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O, Ho(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O, and Yb(C4H4O6)(C4H5O6)3H2O are 2.58x10-2, 4.66x10-2, and 8.03x10-3 (in cgs em units), respectively. The calculated effective magnetic moments are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions on rare earth ions.

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A Tm{sup 3+}- Ho{sup 3+} -codoped single crystal of monoclinic BaY{sub 2}F{sub 8} has been characterized by means of high resolution FTIR spectroscopy in the wave number range 2000-24000 cm{sup -1} and in the temperature range 9-300 K. The energy level schemes of the two lanthanide ions as determined by the optical absorption spectra is presented, analyzed, and fitted within a single ion Hamiltonian model. The very small energy separation (about 0.6-1.6 cm{sup -1}) measured between the first and second sublevels of the ground state manifolds for both the ions is in line with the theoretical predictions. The impurity-phonon coupling is put into evidence by the thermally induced line shift and broadening, and by the detection of vibronic replicas of a few lines. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Enthalpy increment measurements on La_2Te_3O_9(s) and La_2Te_4O_1_1(s) were carried out using a Calvet micro-calorimeter. The enthalpy values were analyzed using the non-linear curve fitting method. The dependence of enthalpy increments with temperature was given as: H"o(T) - H"o(298.15 K) (J mol"-"1) = 360.70T + 0.00409T "2 + 133.568 x 10"5/T - 149 923 (373 #<=# T (K) #<=# 936) for La_2Te_3O_9 and H"o(T) - H"o(298.15 K) (J mol"-"1) = 331.927T + 0.0549T "2 + 29.3623 x 10"5/T - 114 587 (373 #<=# T (K) #<=# 936) for La_2Te_4O_1_1.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The DC magnetic susceptibility of the REBa_2F_7 compounds was measured by a SQUID magnetometer in the temperature range 5-300 K. Except for Eu, the other compounds show either Curie law or Curie-Weiss law with relatively small values of paramagnetic Curie temperature, #theta#_p, with effective magnetic moments in the range expected of electronic ground state of the trivalent rare earth ion with appropriate J value. The behaviour of Eu is complex. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author calculated the wavefunctions and the energy-spectra of c bar c and b bar b bound systems using the Hamiltonian proposed by Gupta, Radford and Repko (GRR). He writes the GRR Hamiltonian as H = H_o + H', where H_o includes the kinetic energy terms and the most dominant terms in the Hamiltonian. H' includes among other things the spin-spin, spin-orbit and the tensor terms in the Hamiltonian. The eigenvalue problem of H_o is solved by the variational method which makes use of a trial wave-function with eleven parameters. H' is then treated in the first order perturbation theory. The energy-spectra agree very well with experimental data. He also calculated the E1 and the M1 decay rates of these quarkonia. With relativistic corrections, the E1 transitions agree better with experiment. The dominant relativistic correction comes from the relativistic modification of the wave-function. The M1 transitions can be improved ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Free Electron Laser (FEL) with the wide wavelength tunability has been developed and used for various applications. The FEL gives high efficiency for the photo-induced ablation when the laser is tuned to an absorption maximum of the target. The FEL was tuned to 9.4 #mu#m, which is an absorption maximum of phosphoric acid ion, a known major component of dentine. The FEL pulse length was several ps. The average output power was varied from 5 to 20 mW by filters. The change of irradiated dentine surface was analyzed by mass spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Positive ions which correspond to Na"+, CO_3"+ and many phosphoric acid ions were measured. It was found that atomic ratio of P/Ca had reduced from 0.65-0.60. The atomic ratio of P/Ca, however had not changed with irradiation by Er:YAG laser (2.9 #mu#m), or CO_2 laser (10.6 #mu#m). These results indicate the selective ablation of phosphoric acid ion by the 9.4 mm FEL irradiation. ...

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Nanocrystalline ZnO films were fabricated via a simple method involving the oxidation of Zn films at a remarkably low temperature of 380 C. X-ray diffraction study confirmed that the Zn films were completely oxidized even at the low temperature of 380 C and the ZnO films fabricated were of polycrystalline wurtzite structure. Room temperature optical pumping using a frequency-quintupled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser ({lambda}=213 nm) exhibited that sharp peaks at around 3.12 eV emerged above excitation powers of {proportional_to}7 MW/cm{sup 2}, demonstrating lasing in the ZnO films. These results represent that the process is a simple, promising approach for fabricating ZnO of sufficient optical performance for use as ultraviolet (UV) light emitters and an alternative UV laser source; both are key components in short-wavelength photonic devices. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The photon rupture method, by which oxide film and metal are removed by focused pulsed Nd-YAG laser beam irradiation, was applied to form artificial micro-pits in Zn-5 mass% Al alloy-coated steel. The zinc alloy-coated layer was removed by pulsed laser irradiation treatment for about one second in a neutral buffer solution with NaCl. The rest potential transient with the laser treatment was measured. In the early stage of the laser treatment the rest potential of zinc alloy-coated steel changed to the negative direction immediately after every irradiation of a laser pulse and then returned to the previous value. However, after the steel substrate was exposed to the solution, the rest potential moved to the positive direction immediately after every irradiation of a laser pulse and then returned to the previous value. The amplitude and duration of the potential change after the laser irradiation increased with repetition of laser irradiation, related to the pit ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Single crystals of semi-organic L-histidine hydrobromide have been grown by slow evaporation technique from a mixture of L-histidine and hydrobromic acid in aqueous solution at ambient temperature. From high-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystalline perfection of the grown crystal has been studied. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectral analysis, Thermo-Gravimetry (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and hardness test have been employed to characterize the as-grown crystals. The UV cutoff wavelength of the grown crystal is below 300 nm and has a wide transparency window, which is suitable for second harmonic generation of laser in the blue region. Nonlinear optical characteristics have been studied using Q switched Nd:YAG laser (#lambda#=1064 nm). The second harmonic generation conversion efficiency of the grown crystals confirms their suitability for frequency conversion applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Experimental trials of autogenous deep penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 5.0 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser output power, welding velocity and defocusing distance on the morphology, welding depth and width as well as quality of the welded seam were investigated. Results show that full keyhole welding is not formed on both K418 and 42CrMo side, simultaneously, due to the relatively low output power. Partial fusion is observed on the welded seam near 42CrMo side because of the large disparity of thermal physical and high-temperature mechanical properties of these two materials. The microhardness of the laser-welded joint was also examined and analyzed. It is suggested that applying negative defocusing in the range of Raylei length can increase the welding depth and improve the coupling efficiency of the laser materials ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The extraction-spectrophotometric method has been used to study lanthanoid ion complexing (Pr, Nd, Ho and Er) with antipyrine (Ant) and salicylic acid (Sal). The component relationship in different-ligand compounds Ln:Aut:Sal=2:3:6 and solvate number equal to 5 are determined; molar extinction coefficients of binary and different-ligand compounds are calculated. Oscillator strengths of absorption bands corresponding to supersensitive transitions of neodymium, holmium, erbium and some most intensive praseodymium bands are calculated. The study of IR spectra of investigated compounds allows to conclude on formation of coordination bonds of the central atom with the antipyrine molecule through the oxygen of the carbonyl group as well as on carboxyl group hydrogen substitution for metal and formation of coordination bond with OH group in salicylic acid molecules.

CERN Document Server

A time-reversal-violating spin-correlation coefficient in the total cross section for polarized neutrons incident on a tensor rank-2 polarized target is calculated by assuming a time-reversal-noninvariant, parity-conserving ``five-fold" interaction in the neutron-nucleus optical potential. Results are presented for the system $n + {^{165}{\\rm Ho}}$ for neutron incident energies covering the range 1--20 MeV. From existing experimental bounds, a strength of $2 \\pm 10$ keV is deduced for the real and imaginary parts of the five-fold term, which implies an upper bound of order $10^{-4}$ on the relative $T$-odd strength when compared to the central real optical potential.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In a laser system for converting infrared laser light waves to visible light comprising a source of infrared laser light waves and means of harmoic generation associated therewith for production of light waves at integral multiples of the frequency of the original wave, the improvement of said means of harmonic generation comprising a crystal having the chemical formula X.sub.2 Y(NO.sub.3).sub.5 .multidot.2 nZ.sub.2 o wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Tl; Y is selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Al, Ga, and In; Z is selected from the group consisting of H and D; and n ranges from 0 to 4.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have developed a flexible radioactive polyurethane patch incorporating {beta}-emitting radionuclide (166Ho) to treat malignant skin lesions. We covered the tumor surface (n=133) with the radioactive patch for 33.58 {+-} 5.33 minutes. Radiation dose delivered was 35 Gy for Bowen's disease (n=78), Kaposi sarcoma (n=25), actinic keratosis (n=5), and 50 Gy for BCC (n=17) and squamous carcinoma (n=8). Complete response was observed in 91.7% after the first therapeutic trial, 96.2% after 2nd and 97.7% after 4th trial with excellent cosmetic outcome for 31.15{+-}13.88 months of follow-up. Radioactive patch therapy is effective for superficial skin cancers that are impractical for surgery.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) is a widely used herbicide known to induce skin toxicity. This is thought to be due to oxidative stress resulting from the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) during paraquat redox cycling. The skin contains a diverse array of antioxidant enzymes which protect against oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), metallothionein-2 (MT-2), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST). In the present studies we compared paraquat redox cycling in primary cultures of undifferentiated and differentiated mouse keratinocytes and determined if this was associated with oxidative stress and altered expression of antioxidant enzymes. We found that paraquat readily undergoes redox cycling in both undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes, generating superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide as well as increased protein oxidation which ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vacuum glazing consists of an evacuated space between two sheets of glass. Vacuum glazing has a large effect on energy savings in houses and buildings. Vacuum glazing can achieve higher insulating performance than conventional insulated glazing. Nippon Sheet Glass has successfully developed conventional vacuum glazing. In this study we investigated an advanced form of vacuum glazing. Its thermal insulation ability is equivalent to 100 mm thick glass wool thermal insulation. This vacuum glazing contained a SnO_2:F low emissivity surface. The influence of the residual gas in a vacuum space on heat flow is important to performance. For long-term thermal stability, it is very important to maintain vacuum stability. To understand this better, we studied the behavior of outgassing from the inside glass surfaces exposed to an external energy source. We have studied the behavior of outgassing from a glass surface using a Nd:YAG laser (operated at 355 nm wavelength) and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Non-radiative energy transfers (ET) from Ce3+ to Pr3+ in Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, Pr3+ and from Sm3+ to Eu3+ in CaMoO4:Sm3+, Eu3+ are studied based on photoluminescence spectroscopy and fluorescence decay patterns. The result indicates an electric dipole-dipole interaction that governs ET in the LED phosphors. For Ce3+ concentration of 0.01 in YAG:Ce3+, Pr3+, the rate constant and critical distance are evaluated to be 4.5x10-36 cm6 s-1 and 0.81 nm, respectively. An increase in the red emission line of Pr3+ relative to the yellow emission band of Ce3+, on increasing Ce3+ concentration is observed. This behavior is attributed to the increase of spectral overlap integrals between Ce3+ emission and Pr3+ excitation due to the fact that the yellow band shifts to the red spectral side with increasing Ce3+ concentration. In CaMoO4:Sm3+, Eu3+, Sm3+-Eu3+ transfer occurs from 4G5/2 of Sm3+ to 5D0 of Eu3+. The rate constant of 8.5x10-40 cm6 s-1 and the critical transfer distance of 0.89 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singlet oxygen generators are multiphase flow chemical reactors used to generate energetic oxygen to be used as a fuel for chemical oxygen iodine lasers. In this paper, a theoretical model of the generator is presented along with its solutions over ranges of parameter space and oxygen maximizing optimizations. The singlet oxygen generator (SOG) is a low-pressure, multiphase flow chemical reactor that is used to produce molecular oxygen in an electronically excited state, i.e. singlet delta oxygen. The primary product of the reactor, the energetic oxygen, is used in a stage immediately succeeding the SOG to dissociate and energize iodine. The gas mixture including the iodine is accelerated to a supersonic speed and lased. Thus the SOG is the fuel generator for the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The COIL has important application for both military purposes--it was developed by the US Air Force in the 1970s--and, as the infrared beam is readily absorbed by metals, industrial cutting ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Discussed in this report is a wavefield simulation in the 3-dimensional seismic survey. With the level of the object of exploration growing deeper and the object more complicated in structure, the survey method is now turning 3-dimensional. There are several modelling methods for numerical calculation of 3-dimensional wavefields, such as the difference method, pseudospectral method, and the like, all of which demand an exorbitantly large memory and long calculation time, and are costly. Such methods have of late become feasible, however, thanks to the advent of the parallel computer. As compared with the difference method, the pseudospectral method requires a smaller computer memory and shorter computation time, and is more flexible in accepting models. It outputs the result in fullwave just like the difference method, and does not cause wavefield numerical variance. As the computation platform, the parallel computer nCUBE-2S is used. The object domain is divided into the number of the ...

Science.gov (United States)

The simulation of the temporal evolution of the various neutral gaseous species studied (O, O{sub 3}, H, OH, HO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, N, NO, NO{sub 2}, NO{sub 3}, N{sub 2}O, N{sub 2}O{sub 5}, HNO{sub 2}, and HNO{sub 3}) use corona effects. The physical conditions of the discharge were used. The reactions take place in dry or humid air, after the dissociation of O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, and H{sub 2}O by an electronic pulse. When water vapor is present, there is a probability of production of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, HNO{sub 2}, and HNO{sub 3} in air. Temperature and humidity have cumulative effects. With multiple pulses, the O{sub 3} maximal concentration is obtained for a limited number of pulses.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a supersymmetric renormalization group fixed point determination of the third generation fermion masses, in which the large mass ratio between the top and bottom quarks is attributed to a hierarchy in the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets. Above a supersymmetry breaking scale, M{sub s}, we use the minimal supersymmetric standard model with a transition at M{sub s} to the standard model with only one Higgs- doublet effective. The mass predictions result from renormalization group evolution of large Yukawa couplings at M{sub x} {approximately} 1016 GeV. Averaging over a wide range of these couplings, not subject to any symmetry requirements, gives m{sub t} = 184.3{plus_minus}6.8 GeV, m{sub b} = 4.07{plus_minus}0.33 GeV, m{sub {tau}} = 1.78{plus_minus}0.33 GeV and a light Higgs mass m{sub h}o = 121.8{plus_minus}4.3 GeV for M{sub s} = 1 TeV and {alpha}{sub s} (M{sub z}) = 0.125.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

TSS (thermal swing sublimation) method was studied which uses vaporization heat and sensible heat of LNG for solidification and separation of CO2 gas in waste gases of LNG-fired combined cycle power generation system. In experiment, the mixed gas composed of CO2, H2O and N2 was used for simulating waste gas of LNG-fired combined cycle power generation systems, and the growth behavior of ice and dry ice was studied for developing dry ice making technology under low-temperature condition. As the experimental result, the following were clarified: various crystal structures depending on cooling temperature, the effect of gas flow rate on peeling of surface precipitated solids, and solidification characteristics of H2O/CO2 mixed gas. The growth rate of precipitated solid film thickness decreased with an increase in gas flow rate, while increased with CO2 concentration. The shape of a dry ice sublimator similar to that of a fluidized bed heat exchanger was desirable. 9 refs., 12 figs., 4 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laser desorption (LD) and thermal desorption (TD) mass spectra of the metallofullerenes found in arc-produced primary soots have been studied for a large variety of alkaline earth and lanthanide elements. The metallofullerene ratios found in the LD spectra indicate that two distinct groups are observed: Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, and Lu (group A) and Ca, Sr, Sm, Eu, and Yb (group B). The TD spectra of most of these same soots also separate into two groups that contain the same elements as groups A and B. Group A metallofullerenes show strong signals in both LD and TD spectra. Group B metallofullerenes are distinguished by their presence in the LD spectra but absence in the TD spectra. From the general ionic behavior of the elements of these groups, and recent studies of the endohedral oxidation states, we propose that the oxidation states are +3 for group A and +2 for group B. C[sub 70] metallofullerenes are anomalous in that they are absent in TD ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis (RXFA) were used for the determination of rare earth elements. For INAA, solution obtained by sample decomposition was dripped onto filter paper, enclosed and sealed into a polyethylene foil. The sample was activated in reactor WWR-S over a period of 4 to 6 hours with a neutron fluence of 10"1"3cm"-"2. Gamma radiation measurement was carried out with a planar and a coaxial HP-Ge detector in three decay periods. La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Tm, Yb and Lu were determined. The advantage of the method is its accuracy and high sensitivity, the disadvantage is the time-consuming analysis. The RXFA method was used as a rapid and operative method for the analysis of loose ore samples, aqueous and organic solutions of rare earth elements. For exciting X-ray radiation, "2"4"1Am was used and the radiation of K-lines was detected with a planar Si(Li) detector. For elements beyond Dy ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 10.3-h "1"6"5Er, decaying by electron capture to stable "1"6"5Ho, offers an excellent promise for use in diagnostic nuclear medicine, especially in conjuction with multiwire proportional-counter cameras. Using an ultra-high-resolution Si(Li) photon spectrometer, L and K x-ray photon yields in "1"6"5Er decay have been measured. The ratio P/sub L//P/sub K/ of electron-capture probabilities in L and K shells is determined to be 0.196 +- 0.030, in good agreement with theory. Estimates of Auger electron yields and yields of very-low-energy electrons from Coster--Kronig transitions are presented. Levels of "1"6"9Er and "1"7"1Er radioactive impurities in the reactor-produced "1"6"5Er sample are experimentally determined. Whole-body dose estimates for "1"6"5Er are given. These compare favorably with "9"9Tc dose.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report outlines on the corrosive damage which is inherent to a high temperature environment and introduces on thermal spraying system taking an example of a gas turbine. The recent coatings by thermal spraying for high temperature environment are positively used in such applications as a hearth roll for continuous annealing, a roll for hot dipped steelplate, a solid electrolyte for fuel cell, boilers and rockets. The coating formed will be positively used because of a convenient thermal spraying and availability of various sprayable materials. This report describes the following items. Corrosive damage under the high temperature environment. Types of high temperature corrosive coating by a thermal spraying and utilization thereof. Outline of MCrAlX alloy, and merits thereof. Coating to a turbine wing by rduced pressure plasma thermal spraying. In general, it is urgently needed to establish the methods of characteristics measurement and the evaluation method for a surface modifying ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The measurements of the L X-ray intensity ratio I(L?)/I(L?), I(L?)/I(L?), I(L?)/I(L?), I(L?)/I(L?) and I(L?)/I(L?) for elements Dy, Ho, Yb, W, Hg, Tl and Pb were experimentally determined both by photon excitation, in which 59.5 keV ?-rays from a filtered radioisotope 241Am was used, and by the radioactive decay of 160Tb, 160Er, 173Lu, 182Re, 201Tl, 203Pb and 207Bi. L X-rays emitted by samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with resolution 160 eV at 5.9 keV. Obtained values were compared with the calculated theoretical values. Theoretical values of the I(L?/L?), I(L?/L?), I(L?/L?), I(L?/L?) and I(L?/L?) intensity ratios were calculated using theoretically tabulated values of subshell photoionization cross-section, fluorescence yield, fractional X-ray emission rates, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities. It was observed that present values agree with previous theoretical and other available experimental results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DC resistivity, dc magnetization, and specific heat of eight Sc/sub 5/Co/sub 4/Ge/sub 10/-type crystal structure compounds R/sub 5/T/sub 4/Ge/sub 10/ for R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and T = Rh and Ir are presented. The resistivity, single crystal magnetization, and specific heat results show that in all those compounds, the magnetic moments order antiferromagnetically in the c direction at low temperature. However, in the Er and Tm compounds, the magnetizations along x-y hard directions do not show any anomalies above 2.0 K. This suggests that the ordered Er and Tm ions, which have positive quadrupole coefficients ..cap alpha../sub j/, interact with a crystal field that has an electronic potential valley along the c axis. The fitting of the hard axis magnetizations to Curie-Weiss law suggests that the resulting antiferromagnetic-like theta reflects the strength of the crystal field torque on the magnetic moments rather than the strength of antiferromagnetic exchange. 123 ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

We present an experimental study of vesicle fusion using light and neutron scattering to monitor fusion events. Vesicles are reproducibly formed with an extrusion procedure using an single amphiphile triethylene glycol mono-n-decyl ether in water. They show long-term stability for temperatures around 20 C, but at temperatures above 26 C we observe an increase in the scattered intensity due to fusion. The system is unusually well suited for the study of basic mechanisms of vesicle fusion. The vesicles are flexible with a bending rigidity of only a few k(H)T. The monolayer spontaneous curvature, Ho, depends strongly on temperature in a known way and is thus tunable. For temperatures where H-0 > 0 vesicles tyre long-term stable, while in the range H-0 < 0 the fusion rate increases the more negative the Spontaneous curvature Through a quantitative;analysis of the fusion rate we arrive tit a barrier to fusion changing from 15 k(B)T at T = 26 degrees C to 10k(H) T ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transduction method developed by the research coordinator and Prof. Muroga is one of the most popular methods to design large-scale integrated circuits, and thus used by major design tool companies in USA and Japan. The major objectives of the research is to improve capability and utilize its reusable property by combining with CAD databases. Major results of the project is as follows, (1) Improvement of Transduction method : Efficiency, capability and the maximum circuit size are improved. Error compensation method is also improved. (2) Applications to new logic elements : Transduction method is modified to cope with wired logic and FPGAs. (3) CAD databases : One of the major advantages of Transduction methods is 'reusability' of already designed circuits. It is suitable to combine with CAD databases. We design CAD databases suitable for cooperative design using Transduction method. (4) Program development : Programs for Windows95 and developed for distribution. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper explains the curve-fitting method developed as a method to estimate the geothermal equilibrium forming temperature. In the present method, that temperature is estimated by obtaining, by non-linear lest square, the model parameter to minimize the sum of remainders squared between the temperature actually measured after a lapse of certain time from the stoppage of mud water circulation and that calculated on the basis of Middleton model, mathematical model of temperature equilibrium well. In the Horner's plotting method currently in general use, temperature recovery data during a long period of about 120h are required for estimating the geothermal equilibrium forming temperature. However in the curve-fitting method, it is confirmed from the actual well data that the well recovery temperature is estimable from three logging data during 24h after the stoppage of mud water circulation within the largest error of 5%, and during 12h within 10%. 7 refs., 5 figs., 1 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With an objective to discuss applicability of resistivity imaging using electromagnetic migration to detection of underground cavity, an applicability test was carried out on calculation of a numerical model and measurement data. By using the numerical model, a calculation was performed on a hypothetical case that a cubic cavity with sides each at 40 m exists in a homogenous medium of 200 ohm-m, with the cavity top located 20 m below the ground surface. As a result, it was possible to structure in a very short calculation time an image of the cavity which cannot be identified by one-dimensional inverse analysis. In the case of this cavity, a center of the image was structured on its lower face. It was shown that a location to indicate the image must be changed according to difference in the measurement locations. In a test on data measured in an underground cavity in the city of Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture, it was found that the result may vary largely depending on structure of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to improve the measuring efficiency, a 'proton-gamma' coincidence technique in combination with a He-jet tape transport system was proposed and employed to identify the #beta#-delayed proton precursors. The study of #beta#-delayed proton decays near the proton drip line by using the 'proton-gamma' coincidence technique over the last 5 years at the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China, was summarized. New #beta#-delayed proton precursors "1"2"1Ce, "1"2"5Nd, "1"2"8Pm, "1"2"9Sm, "1"3"5Gd, "1"3"7Gd, "1"3"9Dy, "1"4"2Ho, and "1"4"9Yb in the rare-earth region along a speculated proton drip line were synthesized and identified for the first time. The #beta#-delayed proton decays of "8"1Zr, "8"5Mo, "8"9Ru, and "9"3Pd in T_z=1/2 series as well as "9"2Rh in T_z=1 series were observed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The work presented here demonstrates the ability of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) to perform fast-response measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (including methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, PAN-type compounds, alpha- and beta-pinene, nopinone and pinonaldehyde) at the pptv level and its versatile applicability in the field of environmental trace gas analysis. Laboratory and field experiments including various calibration techniques and intercomparisons with other measurement techniques such as gas chromatography, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy were performed providing a first characterization of the PTR-MS instrument performance (sensitivity, detection limit, precision, accuracy). Typically a detection limit (S/N=2) of 50 pptv for a 10 s signal integration time, a precision of 5 % and an accuracy in the range between 10 and 25 % were observed. Due to its compactness and ruggedness ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Researches and production of radio-isotopes, radio-pharmaceuticals and cold kits are carried out in the Radio-isotope Production Facility (RIPF). Four concrete hot cells in Bank-1 are to produce the Ir-192 source for NDT. Eleven lead hot cells in Bank-2 are to produce Ho-166, Cr-51, P-32/33, Tc-99m, Lu-177, Sr-90/Y-90 and W-188/Re-188 for research purpose. Six lead hot cells in Bank-3 are used for the production of I-131 for diagnosis and therapy of cancer in the hospital. A hot cell in Bank-3 is also utilized for the research of I-125 and Br-82. Four lead hot cells in Bank-4 are utilized for the production of Mo-99/Tc-99m generators since 2005. The major systems including the Heat and Ventilated Air Conditioning (HVAC) system and the air cleaning system such as charcoal and HEPA filter trains to filter the radioactive contaminants are in operation. So are the systems such as power supply and distribution system, UPS, fire protection system, liquid radioactive ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study was undertaken to examine the uptake, distribution, and interaction of five activation products (Co-57, Be-7, Cs-134, Rb-83, and Mn-54) within the biotic and abiotic components surrounding the waste treatment lagoons of the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). The study attempted to ascertain where, and what specific interactions were taking place among the isotopes and the biotic/abiotic components. A statistical approach, utilizing Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), was conducted testing the radioisotopic concentrations by (1) the trophic levels (TROPLVL) in each position sampled on the grid, (2) where sampled on the grid (TRAN), (3) where sampled with-in each grid line (PLOT), and (4) the side with which sampled (SIDE). This provided both the dependent and independent variables that would be tested. The Null Hypothesis (Ho) tested the difference in the mean values of the isotopes within/between each of the four independent variables. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra of DyOCl were measured at selected temperatures between 9 and 300 K. The emission spectra of Dy{sup 3+} in LaOCl and GdOCl were obtained at 77 K and room temperature. The energy level scheme of Dy{sup 3+} was simulated with the aid of a phenomenological theory of simultaneously taking into account both the free ion and crystal field (c.f.) effects. The model included 14 adjustable parameters describing the electrostatic and the configuration interaction as well as the spin-orbit coupling. The c.f. effect was accounted for by the five non-zero B{sup k}{sub q} parameters according to the C{sub 4v} point symmetry of Dy{sup 3+}. Good simulation of the experimental energy level scheme was achieved with a r.m.s. deviation of 21 cm{sup -1} between the experimental and calculated energy level schemes of 179 Kramers doublets. A comparison to Pr{sup 3+}(4f{sup 2}), Nd{sup 3+} (4f{sup 3}), Sm{sup 3+} (4f{sup 5}), Eu{sup 3+} (4f{sup 6}), Tb{sup 3+} (4f{sup 8}), ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buffer layers with 100% lattice match with YBa2Cu3O7 - ? (YBCO) were prepared from mixed rare-earth-oxides applying a simple sol-gel process and dip-coating method. Structural analysis of the sol-gel derived powder by X-ray diffraction revealed that the mixing parameter, which eliminates the lattice mismatch with YBCO, is x = 0.2382, 0.1852, 0.1252, 0.0906, 0.0793 and 0.0395 in (Eu1 - xHox)2O3, (Eu1 - xErx)2O3, (Eu1 - xYbx)2O3, (Gd1 - xHox)2O3, (Gd1 - xYx)2O3 and (Gd1 - xYbx)2O3, respectively. Microstructural investigations were carried out for Gd1.819Ho0.181O3 films epitaxially grown on cube-textured Ni (100) substrates by sol-gel dip-coating process. X-ray diffraction of the buffer showed strong out-of-plane orientation on Ni tape. The (Gd1 - xHox)2O3 (222) pole figure indicated a single cube-on-cube textured structure. The omega and phi scans revealed good out-of-plane and in-plane alne alignments. The full-width at half-maximum values of omega and phi scan of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new series of heteroleptic cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes Pt-1a-f was synthesized, employing 2-arylpyridine (or 1-arylisoquinoline) (HC{sup L}AMDAN-1) and 1,3-bis(3,4-dibutoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (HO{sup L}AMDAO-1) for cyclometalation and as ancillary ligands, respectively, and photoluminescent properties were investigated. Focusing on red-shifted phosphorescence, C{sup L}AMDAN ligands containing pi-extended aromatics and electron-rich heterocycles were examined. All obtained complexes exhibited photoluminescence at ambient temperature, and the emission maxima ranged from green (lambda{sub PL}=518 nm) to far red (lambda{sub PL}=708 nm). The large Stokes shifts of more than 100 nm and sub-microsecond or microsecond emission lifetimes revealed that these complexes are phosphorescent emissive. The quantum yield of Pt-1 ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 at ambient temperature and decreased as the emission maximum was red-shifted. In comparison with the reference ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The measurements of the L X-ray intensity ratio I(L{alpha})/I(L{beta}), I(L{alpha})/I(L{gamma}), I(L{alpha})/I(L{iota}), I(L{beta})/I(L{gamma}) and I(L{iota})/I(L{gamma}) for elements Dy, Ho, Yb, W, Hg, Tl and Pb were experimentally determined both by photon excitation, in which 59.5 keV {gamma}-rays from a filtered radioisotope {sup 241}Am was used, and by the radioactive decay of {sup 160}Tb, {sup 160}Er, {sup 173}Lu, {sup 182}Re, {sup 201}Tl, {sup 203}Pb and {sup 207}Bi. L X-rays emitted by samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with resolution 160 eV at 5.9 keV. Obtained values were compared with the calculated theoretical values. Theoretical values of the I(L{alpha}/L{beta}), I(L{alpha}/L{gamma}), I(L{alpha}/L{iota}), I(L{beta}/L{gamma}) and I(L{iota}/L{gamma}) intensity ratios were calculated using theoretically tabulated values of subshell photoionization cross-section, fluorescence yield, fractional X-ray emission rates, Coster-Kronig transition ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discusses spectral change in brown coal and bituminous coal as a result of low-temperature drying. The experiment used a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy disposed with an in-situ diffuse reflector as a water content measuring method. The FT-IR spectra of coal showed the existence of two types of adsorbed water. One of the two spectral peaks was thought to have been caused by isolated water molecules which may have been hydrogen bonded to hydrocarbon in the coal molecules and weakly bound. The other peak was thought to have been caused by water which may have been hydrogen bonded to functional groups such as hydroxyl groups in the coal molecules and strongly bound. Drying behavior in brown coal and bituminous coal showed the absorption peak at 3640 cm[sup -1] reducing faster than the absorption peak at 3360cm[sup -1]. Depressurized drying was found to be more effective than flowing nitrogen gas. The extent of absorption strength restoration in bituminous coal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to evaluate dynamic behavior of underground cracks, analysis and detection were attempted on multiple acoustic emission (AE) events. The multiple AE is a phenomenon in which multiple AE signals generated by underground cracks developed in an extremely short time interval are superimposed, and observed as one AE event. The multiple AE signal consists of two AE signals, whereas the second P-wave is supposed to have been inputted before the first S-wave is inputted. The first P-wave is inputted first, where linear three-dimensional particle movements are observed, but the movements are made random due to scattering and sensor characteristics. When the second P-wave is inputted, the linear particle movements are observed again, but are superimposed with the existing input signals and become multiple AE, which creates poor S/N ratio. The multiple AE detection determines it a multiple AE event when three conditions are met, i. e. a condition of equivalent time interval of a maximum ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The experimental study on #beta#-delayed proton decays near the proton drip line published by our group over the last 8 years were reviewed and summarized briefly, including first observation of 9 precursors in the rare-earth region and new measurements of 5 nuclei in the mass-90 region near N-Z line with the aid of the 'p-#gamma#' coincidence in combination with a He-jet tape transport system. Systematically comparing the experimental data with the current nuclear-model predictions, following points were represented. (1) the experimental half-lives for "8"5Mo and "9"2Rh as well as the predicted 'waiting point' nuclei "8"9Ru and "9"3Pd are 5-10 times longer than the macroscopic-microscopic model predictions given by Moeller et al. It considerably influences the prediction of mass abundances of the nuclides produced in rp-process. (2) The current-model predictions are not consistent with the experimental spin-parity assignments of the proton drip-line nuclei ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pr{sub 2}[Mo{sub 2}C{sub 3}] was obtained by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1500 C in arc welded and sealed Mo-ampoules. The compound was characterised by chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction and metallography. The crystal structure (monoclinic, P2{sub 1}/c, Z = 4, a = 597.99(10) pm, b = 665.15(11) pm, c = 1185.60(19) pm and {beta} = 111.631(5) ) represents a new structure type containing a three dimensional polyanion {sub {infinity}}{sup 3}[(Mo{sub 2}C{sub 3}){sup 6-}] with Molybdenum(III) in a distorted tetrahedral coordination by carbo-ligands. Tetrameric building-blocks, Mo{sub 4}C{sub 10}, of edge sharing MoC{sub 4}-tetrahedra are arranged to form layers running parallel to (100). The layers are interconnected along [100] by sharing common apices of the MoC{sub 4} tetrahedra. The coordination polyhedra around praseodymium represent distorted (PrC{sub 5})-arrangements (mono capped tetrahedra and square pyramids). The metal atoms together form a distorted motif ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The atmospheric chemical behaviour of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF{sub 3}CFH{sub 2}, HFC-134a) with respect to its rate and mechanism of degradation in the troposphere has been investigated. The rate coefficient for the reaction of (1a) CF{sub 3}CFH{sub 2}+OH{yields}CF{sub 3}CFH+H{sub 2}O has been determined in direct time-resolved experiments using laser-pulse initiation and laser long-path absorption. A value of k{sub 1a}=(4.6{+-}0.5).10{sup -15} cm{sup 3}/s at T=295 K has been found. The ratio of the rate coefficients for the reactions of the CF{sub 3}CFHO-radical with O{sub 2}, (4) CF{sub 3}CFHO+O{sub 2}{yields}CF{sub 3}CFO+HO{sub 2}, and C-C bond fission, (5) CF{sub 3}CFHO+M{yields}CFHO+CF{sub 3}+M, for T=295 K and p{sub total}=50 mbar (O{sub 2}) has been obtained to be k{sub 4}/(k{sub 5}[M])=1.5.10{sup -19} cm{sup 3}, with the individual values being k{sub 4}=2.7.10{sup -15} cm{sup 3}/s and k{sub 5}[M]=1.8.10{sup 4} s{sup -1}. The mechanism of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pulse radiolysis has been used to optically and kinetically characterize the transient free radicals formed by the reaction of H"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t, N_3"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t, or OH"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t with 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP-OH). The hydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical (H-TCP-OH) formed by H"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t addition to TCP-OH [k = (1.1 #+-# 0.2) x 10"9 M"-"1 s"-"1] has an absorption maximum at 360 nm with #epsilon#_3_6_0 = (4700 #+-# 1000) M"-"1 cm"-"1. The 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyl radical (TCP-O"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t) formed by the reaction of N_3"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t with TCP-O- [k = (4.3 #+-# 0.8) x 10"9 M"-"1 s"-"1] has an absorption maximum at 430 nm with #epsilon#_4_3_0 = (3600 #+-# 600) M"-"1 cm"-"1. The dihydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical (HO-TCP-OH) formed by OH"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t radical addition to TCP-OH [k = (1.2 #+-# 0.1) x 10"1"0 M"-"1 s"-"1] has an absorption maximum at 320 nm with #epsilon#_3_2_0 = (5300 #+-# 250) M"-"1 cm"-"1. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Description or function: WLUP contains validated WIMS-D formatted cross section libraries in 69 and 172 energy group structures for nuclear reactor calculations. Materials from recently released evaluated nuclear data libraries are included. The NJOY nuclear data processing system was applied for generating the cross section files following the models and conventions built into the WIMS-D lattice code. The relevant features for the WIMS users are: - Energy group structures: 69 and 172 energy groups. - List of materials: WIMS ID, general information, source of data. - Cross sections: 69 and 172 group plots. - Resonance data: WIMS ID, temperature, background cross sections. - Goldstein-Cohen factors: Goldstein-Cohen lambda values. - Thermal scattering data: thermal scattering laws and P1 matrixes. - Fission spectrum: fission spectrum data. - Burnup data: burnup chains. - Fission product yields: fission yield tables. - Pseudo lumped fission product: Description of pseudo fission product. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: Format: MATXS; Number of groups: 175 neutron-, 42 photon-groups; 176 Nuclides: 1-H-1, 1-H-2, 1-H-3, 2-He-3, 2-He-4, 3-Li-6, 3-Li-7, 4-Be-9, 5-B-10, 5-B-11, 6-C- nat., 7-N-14, 7-N-15, 8-O-16, 8-O-17, 9-F-19, 11-Na-23, 12-Mg-nat., 13-Al-27, 14-Si-nat., 14-Si-28, 14-Si-29, 14-Si-30, 15-P-31, 16-S-32, 17-Cl-nat., 19-K-nat., 20-Ca-nat., 21-Sc-45, 22-Ti-nat., 23-V-nat., 24-Cr-50, 24-Cr-52, 24-Cr-53, 24-Cr-54, 25-Mn-25, 26-Fe-54, 26-Fe-56, 26-Fe-57, 26-Fe-58, 27-Co-59, 28-Ni-58, 28-Ni-60, 28-Ni-61, 28-Ni-62, 28-Ni-64, 29-Cu-63, 29-Cu-65, 31-Ga-nat., 39-Y-89, 40-Zr-nat., 40-Zr-90, 40-Zr-91, 40-Zr-92, 40-Zr-94, 40-Zr-96, 41-Nb-93, 42-Mo-nat., 46-Pd-102, 46-Pd-104, 46-Pd-105, 46-Pd-106, 46-Pd-108, 46-Pd-110, 47-Ag-107, 47-Ag-109, 48-Cd-106, 48-Cd-108, 48-Cd-110, 48-Cd-112, 48-Cd-113, 48-Cd-114, 48-Cd-116, 49-In-nat., 53-I-127, 54-Xe-124, 54-Xe-126, 54-Xe-128, 54-Xe-129, 54-Xe-130, 54-Xe-131, 54-Xe-132, 54-Xe-134, 54-Xe-136, 55-Cs-133, 56-Ba-138, 59-Pr-141, ...