British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

N-doped TiO2 has been prepared by use of sol?gel systems containing titanium alkoxide, with nitric acid as the nitrogen source. The time needed for gelation of the systems was drastically reduced by ultrasonic irradiation. The peaks assigned to the nitrate and nitrous ions were observed by FT-IR measurement during the sol?gel reaction. The N-doping was confirmed by the observation of N?O peaks in the XPS spectrum of the sample heated at 400??C. The nitrate ion acted as an oxidizer of the ethanol solvent and titanium species. The TiO2 became doped with nitrogen oxide species as a result of reduction of nitrate ion incorporated into the dried gel samples. These results indicated that the added nitric acid was reduced during the sol?gel transition and heating process, and the resulting NO spe...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this project, nanocrystalline SnO2 powders were successfully prepared by (a) citrate sol-gel and (b) direct precipitation methods. Powders were characterized using thermal analysis techniques (DTA-TG-DSC), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), surface area (BET) and electrical conductivity measurements. XRD patterns showed the presence of the cassiterite structure. SnO2 particles, prepared through sol-gel method exhibit crystallite sizes in the range from 3.1 to 22.3 nm when the gel is heat treated at different temperatures up to 900?C. SnO2 nanocrystallites prepared by the precipitation method are comparatively larger in size. The higher specific surface area was obtained for the powder prepared using sol-gel method and the obtained average grain size (d) is relatively large compared with th...

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Viscoelasticity of gel films prepared from solvent-soluble constituents without ash of coal using the mixed solvent of carbon disulfide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (CS2-NMP) was measured to study the network structure of the constituents. In experiment, Upper Freeport coal and Zao Zhuang coal were used as specimens. Viscoelasticity of various gels with different weight fractions of solvent was measured by creep measurement under a fixed load and stress-strain analysis under variable loads. In the 2nd and 3rd creep measurements, although no large changes in elastic strain and viscoelastic strain were found, viscous strain gradually decreased with an increase in viscosity. In the case of small weight fraction of solvent, small viscous strain and viscoelastic strain were found, while slightly large elastic strain was found. It was thus suggested that this elastic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new series of lithium ionic liquids were prepared by introducing of two electron-withdrawing trifluoroacetyl groups in borate salts containing two methoxy-oligo(ethylene oxide) groups in the structures. Successive substitution reactions of oligo-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and trifluroacetic acid from LiBH_4 yielded the lithium salts, which were clear and colorless liquids at room temperature. The fundamental physicochemical properties, such as density, thermal property, viscosity, ionic conductivity, self-diffusion coefficients, and electrochemical stability, were measured. The lithium ionic liquids had self-dissociation ability and conducted ions even in the absence of organic solvents. New polymer electrolytes, named 'ion gels', were prepared by radical cross-linking reactions of a poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide)tri-acrylate macromonomer in the presence the lithium ionic liquid. An increase in the glass transition temperatures ...

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The use of charcoal canisters in the measurement of radon emanation rates from surfaces is discussed. The counting efficiency of the canisters is dependent upon the volume of activated charcoal used, varying from approximately 0.7% for a full canister to 1.3% for a canister filled to only 1/3 of its capacity. The inclusion of Si-Gel desiccant reduces the radon collection efficiency of the canister.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silica glasses containing Pr"3"+ with and without CdS nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel technique. The influence of CdS nanoparticles on Pr"3"+ doped glass was studied by absorption, photoluminescence and up-conversion. From the measured intensities of various absorption bands of these glasses, the Judd-Ofelt parameters ?_2, ?_4 and ?_6 have been evaluated. The radiative transition probability (A), radiative lifetime (?_R), branching ratio (?_R) and integrated emission cross-section (?_P) were calculated from excited states of "3P_1 and "3P_0 levels. The up-conversion emissions were found in the green, orange and red regions under 800 nm excitation with peaks 559, 612 and 688 nm respectively. On excitation with 370 nm also leads to similar green, orange and red regions.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Dielectric and thermal characteristics of gel grown single crystals of ytterbium tartrate trihydrate have been carried out. The dielectric constant has been measured as a function of frequency in the range 2?kHz?1?MHz and temperature range 30?300??C. The dielectric constant increases with temperature, attains a peak near 215??C, and then decreases as the temperature exceeds 215??C. The dielectric anomaly at 215??C is suggested to be due to phase transition brought about in the material. The dielectric behaviour of the material is correlated with the results on thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis have been used to study the thermal characteristics of the material. The experimental results show that the material is thermally stable up to 200??C. The decompos...

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Synthetic zeolite of 0.5 nm pore size (5A) and blue silica gel were tested to determine their capability to be used as radon collectors. Tests conducted in a radon chamber under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity indicate that simple, inexpensive and maintenance-free passive devices containing about 250 g of synthetic zeolite or about 270 g of blue silica gel in open face metal canisters that can measure radon conveniently and adequately, the latter though being suitable only for dry-medium dry atmosphere with quite high radon concentrations. Both materials can be recycled for reuse, in a way similar to the recycle and reuse of active carbon. The amount of radon adsorbed in such collectors is determined by counting the gamma rays from the radon decay products. The lower limit of detection (LLD) is estimated to {approx}45 Bqm{sup -3} for the synthetic zeolite and to {approx}350 Bqm{sup -3} for the ...

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The effect of irradiation on the tensile properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber reinforced poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blends were studied. The composites were prepared by mixing the fiber and the PVC/ENR blend using HAAKE Rheomixer at 150 deg. C. The composites were then irradiated by using a 3.0 MeV electron beam machine at doses ranging from 0 to 100 kGy in air and room temperature. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break and gel fraction of the composites were measured. Comparative studies were also made by using poly(methyl acrylate) grafted OPEFB fiber in the similar blend system. An increase in tensile strength, Young's modulus and gel fraction, with a concurrent reduction in the elongation at break (Eb) of the PVC/ENR/OPEFB composites were observed upon electron beam irradiation. Studies revealed that grafting of the OPEFB fiber with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The following are reported: colorimetric determination of Ti in Cr, decontamination of metals by anodic dissolution, computer code for x-ray peak identification, gel-permeation chromatography of CoRezyn 1664 polyester resin, infrared monitoring of gases and vapors, particle size analysis of dusts, nondestructive analysis of Oralloy for removable alpha contamination, dissolution (digestion) of high-fired oxides, assay of U in a Pu-U alloy, measurement of oxide thickness on Pu metal by x-ray diffraction, analysis of precipitated Pu peroxide, differentiation of Dowex SBR and 11 resins, and determination of Pu solubility in simulated lung fluid.

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In order to improve the capacity and service life of cathodes, the effect of carboxy-methyl cellulose, soot, silica gel and fibres was examined. Structural tests and electrical and electro-chemical measurements are used for this. The additives can affect crystallization in the manufacturing stage of the electrodes and can increase the storage capacity for water and the electronic conductivity. They act to stabilize the mass in cyclic operation. Soot additive has little effect on the properties of the electrode, but the other substances increase the service life or the use of the mass. (LU).

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The aim of this study was to search for a sorbent that could act as an extraction phase and as a support for solid-matrix time-resolved luminescence (SMTRL). Four potential sorbents were investigated for this purpose using tetracycline (TC) as a model analyte. Sorbents prepared from C18 silica gel or calcium cross-linked pectin gel were able to extract TC from dilute solutions. Europium(III)-TC complex adsorbed on the surface of C18 generated the most intense TRL signal when measured at {lambda}{sub ex} = 388 nm and {lambda}{sub em} = 615 nm. This method achieved a 1 ng/ml limit of detection (LOD) with a 100 {mu}l sample solution in a repeated spotting mode. Hyphenation of sorbent extraction and SMTRL was demonstrated using C18. This method is suitable for screening of TC in foods or aqueous solutions and can be extended to other luminescent lanthanide-chelating analytes in physiological or environmental samples.

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The sol-gel-immobilized Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+}] electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was applied to the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of phenothiazine derivatives (promazine, chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, thioridazine, and trifluoperazine) and erythromycin in human urine samples. In this method, Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+} was immobilized in sol-gel-derived titania (TiO{sub 2})-Nafion nanocomposite films coated on a dual platinum electrode. This method eliminates an extra pump needed for the delivery of Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+} reagent into a reaction/observation zone in front of photomultiplier tube because the immobilized-Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+} is recycled on the electrode surface by an applied potential at +1.3 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) reference electrode. The resulting analytical performances such as detection limit, working range, ...

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Sol-gel chemistry has a great many potential applications in the preparation of unique electrochemical materials, from non-equilibrium transition metal oxides which may be of use as high energy density electrodes, to high-surface area mixed oxides which may possess high proton conductivity, to novel composite structures consisting of inorganic gels in combination with organic, electronic, and ionic conductors. This paper reviews prior work on proton conduction in gel systems and presents recent work regarding electrode materials prepared by sol-gel methods and inorganic-organic materials.

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Bone loss associated with estrogen depletion is well documented in cancellous bone but less well characterized in cortical bone. The effects of ovariectomy on the aged beagle skeleton were studied by histomorphometric analysis of the cortical bone in sequential rib biopsies. Biopsies were taken from each ovariectomized or sham-operated dog at the time of surgery and at 1, 4, and 8.5 months after surgery. Just prior to each postoperative biopsy, tetracycline, calcein, and xylenol orange, respectively, were administered by a fluorochrome labeling procedure (2d-10d-2d) to provide markers of bone formation. Analysis of sequential rib biopsies provided a means to follow the ovariectomy response over time and to compare each animal against its own baseline. Though ovariectomy did not influence histomorphometric indices at 1 month after surgery, a transient increase in cortical bone formation occurred thereafter, with a sixfold increase over that of sham-operated dogs at ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The results of following the oxidative degradation of a plastic-bonded explosive (PBX 9501) are reported. Into over 1100 sealed containers were placed samples of PBX 9501 and combinations of its components and aged at relatively low temperatures to induce oxidative degradation of the samples. One of the components of the explosive is a poly(ester urethane) polymer and the oxidative degradation of the samples were following by measuring the molecular weight change of the polymer by gel permeation chromatography (coupled with both differential refractive index and multiangle laser light scattering detectors). Multiple temperatures between 40 and 64 degreeC were used to accelerate the aging of the samples. Interesting induction period behavior, along with both molecular weight increasing (cro...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Protein modifications such as phosphorylation are often studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis since the perturbation in the protein’s pI value is readily detected by this method....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 115 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture or myelography was examined to determine the usefulness of immunofixation, following agarose gel electrophoresis,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Software for gel image analysis and base-calling in fluorescence-based sequencing consisting of two primary programs, BaseFinder and GelImager, is described. BaseFinder is a framework for trace processing,...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Some bacteria move inside cells by recruiting the actin filaments of the host cells. The filaments are polymerized at the back surface of the bacteria, and they move away, forming a "comet" tail behind the bacterium, which consists of gel network. We develop a one-dimensional mathematical model of the gel based on partial differential equations which involve the number of filaments, the density and velocity of the gel, and the pressure. The two end-points of the gel form two free boundaries. The resulting free boundary problem is rather non-standard. We prove local existence and uniqueness.

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Combustible cartridge cases, *Water repellents, *Protective coatings, *Patents, Silica gel, Aluminum compounds, Binders ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The soluble pool of alpha hemoglobin chains present in blood or bone marrow cells was measured with a new affinity method using a specific probe, beta A hemoglobin chain labeled with ["3H]N-ethylmaleimide. This pool of soluble alpha chains was 0.067 #+-# 0.017% of hemoglobin in blood of normal adult, 0.11 #+-# 0.03% in heterozygous beta thalassemia and ranged from 0.26 to 1.30% in homozygous beta thalassemia intermedia. This elevated pool of soluble alpha chains observed in human beta thalassemia intermedia decreased 33-fold from a value of 10% of total hemoglobin in bone marrow cells to 0.3% in the most dense red blood cells. The amount of insoluble alpha chains was measured by using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and Triton X-100. In beta thalassemia intermedia the amount of insoluble alpha chains was correlated with the decreased spectrin content of red cell membrane and was associated with a decrease in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys make them attractive materials for automotive and aerospace applications. However, these materials are susceptible to corrosion and wear. This work discusses the potential of using sol-gel based coatings consisting of ZrO_2 and 15 wt.% of CeO_2. The CeO_2 component provides enhanced corrosion protection, while ZrO_2 impart corrosion as well as wear resistance. Coating deposition was performed by the dip coating technique on two magnesium alloy substrates with different surface finishes: AZ91D (as-casted, sand-blasted, and machined) and AZ31 (rolled and machined). All as-deposited coatings (xerogel coatings) were then subjected to 10 h annealing: a temperature of 180 C was applied to the AZ91D alloy and 140 C to the AZ31 alloy. Morphological and structural properties of the annealed coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A gel-type "9"9Mo-"9"9"mTc generator using Titanium-Molybdate target (TiMo-target) as column packing was developed in Radioisotope Department, the Dalat Nuclear Research Institute [1]. The concentration of trace elements in TiMo-target and radionuclidic purity in "9"9"mTc solution eluted from this type of generator were studied for quality control purpose. The monostandard method in neutron activation analysis has been applied to determine the concentration of trace impurities in titanium-molybdate target. For neutron activation analysis, TiMo samples were irradiated in the different channels of nuclear reactor IVV-9 at a neutron flux of maximum 2.1 x 10"1"3 n.cm"-"2s"-"1. The following chemical element impurities were determined: Na, W, Co, Fe, Zn, Ag, Sb and Cr. The gamma ray emitted nuclides found in "9"9"mTc solution eluted from our "9"9"mTc generator were the following: "6"5Zn, "6"0Co, "1"1"0"mAg, "5"9Fe, "5"1Cr, "2"4Na, "8"2Br and "9"9Mo. "9"9Mo was found ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nano-sized zinc oxide was synthesized and deposited onto cellulosic fibers using the sol-gel process at ambient temperature. The prepared materials were characterized using several techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction studies of the ZnO-coated fiber indicate formation of the hexagonal crystal phase which was satisfactory crystallized on the fiber surface. The electron micrographs show formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles within 10-15 nm in size which have been homogeneously dispersed on the fiber surface. The prepared materials show significant photocatalytic self-cleaning activity, which was monitored by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoactivity was studied upon measuring the photodegradation of methylene blue and eosin yellowish under UV-Vis irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

AGNES is a chopper spectrometer installed at the top of the C3 cold guide of JRR-3 (JAERI, Tokai). In 2004 - 2006, this spectrometer was greatly improved by installing (1) 208 new detectors to make the detector bank complete, (2) new radiation shields composed of Fe (14 mm), polyethylene (50 mm), B4C rubber (10 mm), and Cd (0.5 mm) sheets, (3) a new control system for the anti-frame-overlap chopper rotating simultaneously with the Fermi chopper, (4) a monitor counter at the space between the chopper and monochromator, (5) a neutron guide tube (50 cm) before the monochromator, (6) a new instrument control (monochromators, choppers, beam narrowers, etc.) and measurement control (real-time data monitoring, sample temperature control, etc.) systems, (7) a top-loading type cryostat workable at a wide temperature range of 6 - 480 K. As the results of these improvements, the signal intensity has been increased by 3.3 and the background has been reduced by 1/10 both ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The malM locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae was cloned into one of the two PstI sites of the multicopy S. pneumoniae plasmid pMV158. To eliminate chromosomal transformants in the simultaneous selection for tetracycline resistance (coded by pMV158) and maltose utilization, the host cells contained a chromosomal deletion of the mal gene cluster. Two clones were isolated; one with a 3.3 kb insert (pLS70) which behaved like wild type with respect to maltose utilization, and another with a 2.9 kb insert (pLS69) which behaved as though it contained a down promoter mutation. Preliminary mapping of these clones by restriction analysis placed the 0.4kb deletion on a HindIII fragment in the interior of the chromosomal insert. The recombinant plasmids were able to transform over 50% of a recipient population to Mal/sup +/. Enzyme measurements of the clones indicated an overproduction of amylomaltase, constituting up to 10% of the total cellular protein, and supported the ...

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Since chlordecone (Kepone, CD) interferes with cardiac Na{sup +} ion translocases, we have studied CD effects on cardiac SR calcium pump activity. SR was isolated from heart ventricles of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiac SR Ca{sup 2+}-ATPase, {sup 45}Ca-uptake and cAMP as well as calmodulin (CaM) dependent protein phosphorylation were measured. Ca{sup 2+}-ATPase was differentiated into low affinity and high affinity forms by measuring the activity using 50 and 0.7 {mu}M free Ca{sup 2+} respectively. CD in vitro inhibited {sup 45}Ca-uptake by SR in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 value of 7 {mu}M and SR {sup 45}Ca-uptake was totally inhibited at 20-30 {mu}M CD. In agreement with this, both high affinity and low affinity Ca{sup 2+}-ATPases, which are involved in Ca{sup 2+} transport across membranes, were also inhibited by CD in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.7 and 3.2 {mu}M respectively. Both Ca{sup ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cultures of chick skin fibroblasts were dissolved in solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and their entire protein content was examined by gel electrophoresis. The most abundant species migrated in...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Oberpfaffenhofen, Pedel"al aepublic of Gel1lany. A large number of European scientists have provided ex~eri- ments that will be cooducted in the Material ...

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The entrapment of proteins using the sol-gel route provides a means to retain its native properties and artificially reproduce the molecular crowding and confinement experienced by proteins in the cell allowing investigation of the physico-chemical and structural properties of biomolecules at the biotic/abiotic interface. The biomolecules are spatially separated and 'caged' in the gel structure but solutes can freely permeate the matrix. Thus, properties such as the folding of ensembles of individual molecules can be examined in the absence of aggregation effects that can occur in solution studies. Green fluorescent protein from Aequorea coerulescens was used as a model protein to examine the unfolding/re-folding properties of protein in silica gels. The recombinant protein was isolated and purified from Escherichia coli extracts by cell lysis, three-phase partitioning, dialysis, and anion exchange ...

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SiO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2} and AlO(OH) powders obtained by the sol-gel method were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The mass-radius relation was used to determine the fractal dimensions from the images. These fractal dimensions were corrected in order to obtain the powder fractal dimensions. The results indicate a good fractal behavior and high fractal dimensions.

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Tannin gel particles that have extremely high adsorption capacity for hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) have been developed by controlling gelation of Mimosa tannin extracted from the bark of plants. The gelation process is composed of two stages; partial gelation of Mimosa tannin by reaction with formaldehyde (cross-linking agent) and granulation by dispersing the partially gelated solution into a liquid mixture of decalin ad a polyether nonionic surfactant with vigorous stirring. The structure of the tannin gel particles is controlled by a combination of operating conditions such as reaction time and temperature at both stages. The water content of the tannin gel particles that reflects their structure can be widely changed from 40 to 79 %(wet basis), even for a constant composition of 23 g Mimosa tannin and 6 ml formaldehyde (37 wt %). It is found that it is very important to increase the water content without losing mechanical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hydrolysis kinetics of the lead silicate glass (LSG) with 40 mol% PbO in 0.5 N HNO_3 aqueous acid solution was investigated. The surface morphology and the gel layer thickness were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) were used to determine the composition of the gel layer and the aqueous solution, respectively. The silicon content of the dissolution products was determined by using weight-loss data and compositions of the gel layer and the solution. The kinetic parameters were determined using the shrinking-core-model (SCM) for rate controlling step. The activation energy obtained for hydrolysis reaction was Q_c_h_e = 56.07 kJ/mole. The diffusion coefficient of the Pb ions from the gel layer was determined by using its concentration in solution and in LSG. The shrinkage of the sample and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The factors affecting the rate of silica leaching in alkaline aqueous media from surface silanized, nanoporous, amorphous, silica gels and from silanized silica gels that have been modified with polyamines to form the previously reported silica polyamine composites (SPCs), BP-1 and BP-2 have been investigated. Silanization with alkyl trichlorosilanes slows the rate of silica leaching relative to the unmodified silica gels. The use of bulkier aryl silanes somewhat decreases the silica leaching under the same conditions. Interestingly, after modification of the silanized silica with poly(allylamine) (PAA) to make BP-1, the leaching increases, but subsequent modification of the SPC with chloroacetic acid to make BP-2, quenches this increase. A mechanism explaining these results is discussed. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study a novel sol-gel auto-combustion method, using n-decyltrimethylammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant, has been used to synthesize strontium hexaferrite nanocrystalline powder. The dried nitrate-citrate gel, prepared from a solution of ferric nitrate, strontium nitrate, citric acid, trimethylamine and cationic surfactant, exhibited an auto-combustion behavior after ignition in air. The formation reaction temperature, phase identification, crystallites size, particles size distribution and morphology of resultant strontium hexaferrite powder were investigated by DTA/TGA, FTIR, XRD, LPSA, TEM and SEM techniques. The results showed that in presence of the cationic surfactant, the combustion intensity increases and the crystallite size decreases. The crystallite size of stronti...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rates of spontaneous interbilayer and transbilayer exchange of ["3H]dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (["3H]DMPC) were examined in the DMPC and DMPC/dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) large unilamellar vesicles in the liquid-crystalline-, gel-, and mixed-phase states. DMPC desorption rates from either gel or liquid-crystalline phases containing DMPE are very similar to the corresponding rates from pure DMPC gel or liquid-crystalline phases. The authors proposed that the DMPC/DSPC behavior results from packing defects in gel phases composed of both DMPC and DSPC molecules because of the four-carbon difference in the acyl chain lengths of the two species. The present results strongly support this hypothesis because no such anomalous behavior is observed in DMPC/DMPE, which is similar to DMPC/DSPC in phase behavior but does not have the chain length difference. These results are not consistent ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Analysis of the pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles of 82 pneumococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (RSC) and of 90 co-occurring susceptible isolates indicates a considerable...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Proteins in the ALA-D (delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) fraction from gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant (ES) have the highest affinity for lead among erythrocyte constituents in vivo...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aminopeptidase II, one of the two major aminopeptidases in the giant alga Chara australis, was partially purified. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 80,000 by gel permeation...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Antibodies of the IgM type present in rabbit anti-epiglycanin antiserum were purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and by ion-exchange, affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. After papain treatment...Full Text Available

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Reduction of occupational radiation exposure dose in a BWR plant is achieved by an elimination of crud in a BWR primary loop condensate stream by condensate demineralizer. Crud removal by condensate polisher improves year by year, a phenomenon called the Aging Effect of Ion Exchange Resins. The cause of this phenomenon is assumed to be mainly due to changes in the cation resin property becoming more crud adsorptive, where a typical change in physical property of aged cation resin is an increase in water retention capacity. Assuming that the crud removal efficiency was influenced by a crosslinkage of cation resin, an attempt was made to enhance this removal efficiency by decreasing the crosslinkage and satisfactory results were obtained. As a result, new gel type cation resins were developed with lower crosslinkage and larger surface areas, as compared with conventional gel type resins. The crosslinkage degree of these new cation resins are ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The vaginal bacterial microbiota of 19 premenopausal women was examined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of the V2-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Ten of the women...Full Text Available

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Cu[sup 2+] is a sensitive electron spin resonance (ESR) probe for the penetration of various polar solvents in membranes made of Nafion and as an indicator for the replacement of one solvent by another. The ESR parameters (g and [sup 63]Cu hyperfine tensors) can be translated into a structure of the solvent around the cation. The replacement of a solvent in the membrane by another depends on the polarity of the two solvents. The solvent with the largest dielectric constant, N-methylformamide (NMF), can be replaced by water but not by methanol or acetonitrile (dielectric constants 182, 78.5, 32.7, and 37.5, respectively). Preferential solvation of the cation by water in three water/acetonitrile mixtures (9:1, 1:1, and 1:9 by volume) in contact with silica gel, Sephadex, and Nafion has been observed in various degrees. Nafion is most selective, followed by Sephadex and by silica gel. The selectivity appears to be related to electrostatic ...

Science.gov (United States)

In biotechnology, acrylamide is being used in DNA and RNA analysis using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses procedure. Polymerized acrylamide is degraded into acrylamide through time; it is converted into a hazardous contaminant that is carcinogenic and neurotoxic to animals and humans. Because ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to study the effects of microwaves on chemical reactions equipment was designed to acquire in-situ vibrational spectra of sol-gel components as they are irradiated with microwaves. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used. A low temperature (10K) FTIR cell was used to trap samples in an argon matrix at 10{sup -7} Torr. For the liquid samples no differences were seen in spectra of irradiated and nonirradiated samples, but the argon matrix isolation technique showed dramatic differences.

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LaAlO{sub 3} and CeO{sub 2} films have been successfully grown using sol-gel precursors. LaAlO{sub 3} precursor solution has been prepared from a metal alkoxide route and spun-cast on a SrTiO{sub 3} (100) single crystal to yield an epitaxial film following pyrolysis at 800{degrees}C in a rapid thermal annealer. A CeO{sub 2} precursor solution has been made using both an aqueous and an alkoxide route.

Science.gov (United States)

Calcium stannate (CaSnO3) powders with the distorted perovskite structure have been synthesized by solid state and the sol-gel methods and their electrochemical performance was compared. The sol-gel CaSnO3 shows stable cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 430-440 mAh/g (0.005-1.0 V; 60 mA/g) up to 50 cycles. The role of preparatory conditions, morphology and cycling conditions (current density and potential window) on the anodic performance of the compounds are addressed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LEDF (Large Equipment Dismantling Facility) will be constructed for the purpose of decontaminating the high level #alpha# solid waste generated in oarai engineering center of JNC. And, main processing process of LEDF is incineration and melting system. LEDF will be intended to reduce the secondary waste that occurs along with the operation of the off gas processing equipment of incineration and melting system. It assumed that we are able to eliminate the adsorption tower using silica gel, if the decontamination factor to volatile ruthenium is able to expect in the packed scrubber that is established to remove harmful gas. Thereupon, we carried out this tests that eliminates the adsorption tower and reduces the secondary waste. The decontamination factor (DF) to the volatile ruthenium by the water scrubber is confirmed in the established institution which is in Tokai Works. However, decontamination factor differs and depends on the ruthenium concentration, harmful ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

porous silica ceramics were prepared(with HCL catalyst)using H{sub 2}O/TEOS molar ratios of 2.6-59.0, with the EtOH/TEOS ratio fixed. After preparing 9 kinds of sol, the followings were investigated; measurement of the gelation time, thermal analyses by TG/DTA, property analyses of the intermediates by FT-IR and X-ray diffractometry with dried samples, analyses of SiO{sub 2} polymer by FT-IR, the investigation of specific surface area and pore size distribution by N{sub 2}-adsorption isotherm, and structural change of SiO{sub 2} polymer and pore morphology by TEM observation, with samples heat-treated to 500 deg. C. In the concentrations of investigated compositions and catalyst, gelation time showed a minimum at ca. 11 moles of water per one mole of TEOS, the highest degree of polymerization at ca.8-18 moles, and the largest specific surface area at ca. 11 moles, which means that the polymerization proceeded fastest at ca. 11 moles of water. In conclusion, the ...

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Microorganisms associated with fractured basalt core were compared to those suspended in groundwater pumped from the same well in the eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer (Idaho, USA). Two wells influenced to different degrees by a mixed-waste plume in the fractured basalt aquifer were examined. In one well, an array of dialysis cells filled with either deionized water or crushed basalt was equilibrated to compare the microorganisms collected in this fashion with those from core and groundwater samples collected in a traditional manner from the same well. Analyses were performed to characterize these samples and to provide a basis for comparison. These included total cell counts by microscopy; total biomass by phospholipid fatty acid analysis; enumerations of viable aerobic heterotrophs, groups of putative aerobic co-metabolic TCE-degraders and aerobic H2-oxidizing bacteria; mineralization of 14C- labeled acetate; and enrichments for dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. The 16S rDNA ...

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A systematic comparison was undertaken to characterize neurotoxic esterase (NTE) from rat and chicken brain in terms of inhibitor sensitivities, pH optima, and molecular weights. Paraoxon titration of phenyl valerate (PV)-hydrolyzing carboxylesterases showed that rat esterases were more sensitive than chicken to paraoxon inhibition at concentrations less than or equal to microM and superimposable with chicken esterases at concentrations of 2.5-1000 microM. Mipafox titration of the paraoxon-resistant esterases at a fixed paraoxon concentration of 100 microM (mipafox concentration: 0-1000 microM) resulted in a mipafox I50 of 7.3 microM for chicken brain NTE and 11.6 microM for rat brain NTE. NTE (i.e., paraoxon-resistant, mipafox-sensitive esterase activity) comprised 80% of chicken and 60% of rat brain paraoxon-resistant activity with the specific activity of chicken brain NTE approximately twice that of rat brain NTE. The pH maxima for NTE from both species was similar showing broad, ...

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Silanization of the silica gel surface in the synthesis of silica gel polyamine composites uses (chloropropyl)-trichlorosilane (CPTCS). It is possible to substitute a molar fraction of reagent CPTCS with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), creating a mixed silane surface layer. Two types of silica gels were modified with a series of MTCS:CPTCS molar ratios. Solid-state CP/MAS 29Si and 13C NMR spectroscopies were used to evaluate the surface silane composition. Surface silane coverage was markedly improved for the resulting gels. When polyamines were grafted to the resultant MTCS:CPTCS silane layers, it was shown that the decrease in the number of propyl attachments to the polyamine resulted in increased quantities of ''free amines''. Optimum MTCS:CPTCS ratios were determined for three polyamines grafted onto one silica gel. A substantial free amine ...

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Silica and bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels are low-density materials that are attractive for applications such as thermal insulation, porous separation media or catalyst supports, adsorbents, and cometary dust capture agents. However, aerogels are notoriously weak and brittle making it difficult to handle and machine monoliths into desired forms. This complication prevents the development of many applications that would otherwise benefit from the use of the low-density materials. Here, we will describe our efforts to chemically modify and mechanically enhance silica-based aerogels using chemical vapor techniques without sacrificing their characteristic low densities. Monolithic silica and organic-bridged polysilsesquioxane aerogels were prepared by sol-gel polymerization of the respective methoxysilane monomers followed by supercritical carbon dioxide drying of the gels. Then the gels were reactively modified with ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The intensity of erbium up-conversion luminescence could be limited by a saturation effect due to increased pump power. We studied the luminescence saturation of the 550 nm emission on erbium-doped, SiO_2-TiO_2 sol-gel powders under pulsed excitation at 979 and 1532 nm. From the latter, the up-converted luminescence intensity decreased with increasing excitation power, whereas no saturation was observed at 979 nm excitation. We proposed that the saturation effect is determined by the pump power, the erbium content and the lifetime of the corresponding first excited states at different pumping schemes.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR) composite was prepared by using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a precursor to generate silica particles inside the rubber. The silica was generated in situ by the sol-gel process of TEOS that was mixed directly into commercial-graded NR latex having 60% dry rubber content and 0.7% ammonia. The conversions of TEOS to silica inside the rubber were ranging from 90 to 97%. The silica particles dispersed evenly without extensive aggregation with sizes between 100 and 500 nm, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An experimental design methodology, namely "two-level factorial design," was used to evaluate the influence of the amounts of TEOS, ammonia, and gelation time on the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength of the vulcanizate...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A kind of polymer-metal complex gel electrolyte is successfully prepared and is used in dye-sensitized solar cells. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the structure of this complex and is found that the metal ion reacts with nitrogen in the polymer. This novel electrolyte shows apparent diffusion coefficient of iodide of 8.37 x 10-7 cm2 s-1 and the energy conversion efficiency of 6.10% when the amount of ZnI2 is 0.04 M. By studying the dissociation active energy of the inorganic salt in electrolytes, we find that the metal salts can dissociate more easily after reacting with polymer and as a result can provide extra free iodide ion. The cell maintains ca. 93% of its initial efficiency after 20 d without further sealing, which shows good long-time stability.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have investigated the effect of manganese (Mn) doping on properties of nanosized biphasic calcium phosphate powders and their dense bodies. Manganese levels of 0.6, 1.3, 1.9, 4.3, 7.0 and 11.9at.% were successfully incorporated into biphasic calcium phosphate via a sol-gel route. The prepared powders were calcined at temperatures of 500-1200^oC. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that a mix phase comprising of hydroxyapatite and @b-tricalcium phosphate were present, however the content of each phases in the structure was affected by the Mn content. The studies found that the largest portion of @b-tricalcium phosphate was detected at 4.3at.% Mn doping. The incorporation of Mn has also greatly increased the crystallinity of the biphasic calcium phosphate powder due to progressive den...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter in evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice. Indeed, the phenotype, biochemistry and inheritance of GT have been widely studied in recent times. Previous map-based cloning revealed that GT was controlled by ALK gene, which encodes a putative soluble starch synthase II-3. Complementation vector and RNAi vector were constructed and transformed into Nipponbare mediated by Agrobacterium. Phenotypic and molecular analyses of transgenic lines provided direct evidence for ALK as a key gene for GT. Meanwhile, amylose content, gel consistency and pasting properties were also affected in transgenic lines. Two of four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in coding sequence of ALK were identified as essential for GT. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carbon-14 was analysed by direct absorption of carbon dioxide on the mixture of organic amine compound and scintillation cocktail then counted by low level liquid scintillation counter. This method can be applied for radiocarbon dating. In this study, the effects of carbon dioxide absorption, and counting efficiency were investigated using various commercial available cocktail. It was found that permafluor V and Ready Gel showed the highest carbon dioxide absorption whereas the Permafluor V showed the highest counting efficiency

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

NADP:malic enzyme from corn (Zea mays L.) leaves was purified by conventional techniques to apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Amplification of oncogenes has been found to be an important prognostic factor in behavior of patients' malignancies. In this study we have used new gel electrophoresis techniques to follow the location...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The complex formation of astatine(I) cation with diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and characterization of the complexes were investigated by electromigration in free electrolytes and by gel-chromatography on Sephadex G 25. The conjugation procedure for the production of At-DTPA conjugated polyclonal antibodies is described. (author) 15 refs.; 2 figs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The heat resistance of spores of Bacillus subtilis formed at 30°C was enhanced by pretreatment at 48°C for 30 min, 60 min into sporulation, for all four strains examined....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The behaviour of the packaging materials under radiation field has a great importance in radiation processing, because, in most cases, they are finally responsible for the preservation of the beneficent changes achieved in irradiated products. For example, in radiation sterilisation and food irradiation, the packages must preserve the sterilisation, respectively the sanitisation. They must preserve also the physical barrier feature. The radiation effects on plastics were extensively studied in the last decades for nuclear industry and more recently for radiation processing. The two major effects of nuclear radiation on polymeric materials are the degradation and cross-linking. The degradation consists in breaking of macromolecules after interaction with nuclear particles, amplified by the free radicals which persist long periods, especially in crystalline polymers. Oxygen could penetrate the sample and interact with free radicals so that the degradation process continues after the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To improve the photocatalytic application performances of TiO2, in this work, firstly CdS modified Degussa P25 TiO2 (CdS/TiO2) composites were prepared by two methods, sol-gel method and precipitation method. Next they, sol-gel-CdS/TiO2 (sg-CdS/TiO2) and precipitation-CdS/TiO2 (pp-CdS/TiO2), were loaded on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by dip-coating method using the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as adhesives. The composites were characterized by XRD, UV-vis absorbance spectra, SEM, EDS and BET. The photocatalytic activities under sunlight were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue. The results showed that CdS/TiO2 composites were mainly composed of anatase-TiO2 and little CdS cubic phases. The absorption wavelengths of sg-CdS/TiO2 and pp-CdS/TiO2 composites were extended to ...

Science.gov (United States)

Simple and low cost biosensor based on screen-printed electrode for sensitive detection of some alkylphenols was developed, by entrapment of HRP in a nanocomposite gel based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF(6)]) ionic liquid. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, CV and EIS studies demonstrate the interaction between SWCNTs and ionic liquid. The nanocomposite gel, SWCNT-[BMIM][PF(6)] provides to the modified sensor a considerable enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide reduction. The HRP based biosensor exhibits high sensitivity and good stability, allowing a detection of the alkylphenols at an applied potential of -0.2V vs. Ag/AgCl, in linear range from 5.5 to 97.7?M for 4-t-octylphenol and respectively, between 5.5 and 140?M for 4-n-nonylphenol, with a response time of about 5s. The detection limit was 1.1?M for 4-t-octylphenol, and respectively 0.4?M for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Synthesis of Eu-doped #beta#- and 15R-SiAlONs was studied by the ammonia nitridation of precursors derived from an #alpha#-Si_3N_4 fine powder dispersed in aluminum glycine gel with various Si/Al ratio and post-annealing in a nitrogen pressure furnace. The largest amount of #beta#-SiAlON was observed in the product at 1750 deg. C for Si/Al = 1/1 with small amounts of both #alpha#- and 15R-SiAlON impurities. The product showed two emissions at around 420 nm and 560 nm. The emission intensities decreased with increasing amount of #beta#-SiAlON. The former and latter emissions were assigned to Eu"2"+ in the 15R- and #alpha#-SiAlONs impurities. A mixture of Eu-doped 15R-SiAlON with #alpha#-Al_2O_3 impurity was obtained for Si/Al = 1/6, using AlN together with Al(NO_3)_3.9H_2O in a 2/1 atomic ratio as the aluminum source. It showed a bluish-white emission at 450 nm under 254 nm radiation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have investigated the structures formed by oligonucleotides composed of two or four repeats of the telomeric sequences from Oxytricha and Tetrahymena. The Oxytricha four-repeat molecule (d(T4G4)4 = Oxy-4) forms structures with increased electrophoretic mobility in nondenaturing gels containing Na+, K+, or Cs+, but not in gels containing Li+ or no added salt. Formation of the folded structure results in protection of a set of dG's from methylation by dimethyl sulfate. Efficient UV-induced cross-links are observed in Oxy-4 and the related sequence from Tetrahymena (d(T2G4)4 = Tet-4), and join thymidine residues in different repeats. Models proposed to account for these data involve G-quartets, hydrogen-bonded structures formed from four guanosine residues in a square-planar array. We propose that the G-quartet structure must be dealt with in vivo by the telomere replication machinery.

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It is needless to say that one of the most important roles of the condensate demineralizer in Japanese boiling water reactors (BWR) is to eliminate such impurities during accidental occurrence of sea water leakage from condensate cooling system. Ion exchange resins packed in condensate demineralizer have also been expected to decrease crud, or corrosion products (CP) in condensate water in order to finally reduce activated corrosion products (ACP) in the reactor coolant loop. It is perceived that crud removal ability of a condensate demineralizer has been improved year by year. And we call this phenomenon as `Aging Effect`. Typical property changes of aged cation exchange resin consisted of an increase of water retention capacity and a change of surface texture. Based on these findings, we formulated a new concept and developed new gel type ion exchange resins for the better crud removal. The results from column tests using actual condensate water for approximately ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this paper, we prepared by the sol-gel method alkaline titania catalysts, doped by gelling titanium alkoxide with aqueous solutions containing potassium, rubidium or cesium chlorides. XRD patterns showed that samples annealed at 400 and 600degreeC contained a single crystalline phase, anastase. Specific surface areas were higher in samples annealed at 400degreeC (>100m2/g) than in those annealed at 600degreeC (25m2/g). The weight density of basic sites determined by CO2-TPD drastically diminished in samples treated at 600degreeC. Catalysts were tested for the self-condensation of acetone at 300degreeC; main reaction products were isomesityl oxide, mesityl oxide and mesitylene. Samples annealed at 600degreeC showed lower acetone conversion rate and low formation of mesitylene than that o...

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Palladium silicide was formed on the sol-gel derived SiO2 supported Pd catalysts prepared by ion-exchange method (Pd/SiO2-SG-ion). However, the catalysts exhibited superior performances than commercial SiO2 supported ones in liquid-phase semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene. It was probably due to an inhibition of a product of styrene, which is adsorbed on the surface of Pd, more strongly on Pd/SiO2-SG in which Pd is electron-deficient as shown by larger binding energy from XPS results.

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The effects of temperature and the use of macroreticular resins were studied in lithium isotope separation by an ion-exchange method. The isotope separation factors obtained decreased by increasing the temperature, and the factors for macroreticular resins were identical with those for the usual gel-type resins. However, the performance of isotope separation per unit band length in displacement chromatography was found to be improved by increasing the temperature and using macroreticular resins, because accelerating the interphase mass transfer caused the reduction of HETP (Height Equivalent to a Theoretical Plate).

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The radiation degradation behavior of three commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials has been investigated. All three exhibit an interesting reversal in the trend of the tensile strength part way through the aging experiment: the tensile strength first drops, then rises. The early drop is associated with oxidative scission; the rise is associated with crosslinking and is preceded by the material reaching the gel point. It was also found that the tensile elongation tended to level out in advanced stages of aging with the leveling-out values dependent on the dose rate. These phenomena pose complications for the design of accelerated aging tests.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al, Ga and In complexing with methylthymol blue (H_6R) purified by gel filtration is studied. in the case of metal excess complexes with the ratio of components M:H_6R=2:1 with #lambda#=587(Al), 590(Ga) and 593 nm(In) appear. In the case of reacting agent excess complexes with the ratio of component 1:1 with #lambda#_m_a_x=480-490 (Al) and 480 nm(Ga, In) appear. The mechanism of complexing reactions is studied. Molar extinction coefficients and stability constants are calculated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buffer layers with 100% lattice match with YBa2Cu3O7 - ? (YBCO) were prepared from mixed rare-earth-oxides applying a simple sol-gel process and dip-coating method. Structural analysis of the sol-gel derived powder by X-ray diffraction revealed that the mixing parameter, which eliminates the lattice mismatch with YBCO, is x = 0.2382, 0.1852, 0.1252, 0.0906, 0.0793 and 0.0395 in (Eu1 - xHox)2O3, (Eu1 - xErx)2O3, (Eu1 - xYbx)2O3, (Gd1 - xHox)2O3, (Gd1 - xYx)2O3 and (Gd1 - xYbx)2O3, respectively. Microstructural investigations were carried out for Gd1.819Ho0.181O3 films epitaxially grown on cube-textured Ni (100) substrates by sol-gel dip-coating process. X-ray diffraction of the buffer showed strong out-of-plane orientation on Ni tape. The (Gd1 - xHox)2O3 (222) pole figure indicated a single cube-on-cube textured structure. The omega and phi scans revealed good out-of-plane and in-plane alne alignments. The full-width at ...

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ZnMT has been postulated to function in essential metal homeostasis and metal detoxication. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of liver ZnMT to mediate the interaction of Zn and Pb with the Zn metalloenzyme, ALAD. Pretreatment of rats with Zn activated liver ALAD and attenuated the inhibition of ALAD by Pb in vitro and in vivo. Liver cytosol from Zn-pretreated rats injected with /sup 203/Pb was fractionated via gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography and disclosed that both Zn and /sup 203/Pb co-eluted in the MT fractions. Both purified ZnMT-I and ZnMT-II bound /sup 203/Pb in vitro as shown by gel filtration chromatography. Addition of purified liver ZnMT to purified bovine liver ALAD reaction mixtures increased enzyme activity by 2-fold and prevented inhibition of ALAD by Pb. Addition of apothionein alone decreased the activity of Zn-activated ALAD and also attenuated Pb inhibition of the enzyme. ...

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A solid electrolyte for lithium batteries requires several properties: a good ionic conductivity of about 10{sup -3} S/cm at 298 deg. K, a high cationic transport number (greater than 0.5), a redox stability window higher than 4.5 V, a good stability of the interface with the lithium electrode, and a sufficient mechanical stability. The family of gelled or hybrid electrolytes seems to meet all these requirements. Thus, a systematic study of the gelling of an ethylene carbonate and lithium bistrifluorosulfonimide (LiTFSI) based electrolyte has been carried out. The polymers used for gel or pseudo-gel synthesis are POE, PMMA and PAN which represent 3 different cases of interaction with the electrolyte. All the properties mentioned above have been studied according to the nature of the polymer and to the concentration of lithium salt, showing the advantages and drawbacks of each polymer. The possibility of using some of these ...

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Science.gov (United States)

The presence of two major aminopeptidases (aminopeptidases I and II) in the giant alga Chara australis was shown using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Partially purified aminopeptidase I had a molecular weight of about 120,000, hydrolyzed both leucine-?-naphthylamide (pH optimum 6.0) and alanine-?-naphthylamide (pH optimum 7.5), and was located both inside and outside the vacuole. Aminopeptidase I was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, iodoacetic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, and N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone. Aminopeptidase II hydrolyzed alanine-?-naphthylamide but not leucine-?-naphthylamide and was located only outside the vacuole.ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 4Fig. 5

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new low molecular mass organogelator 1 containing 2-(2prime-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HPB) group with long alkyl chain was synthesized by the reaction with 5-amino-2-(2prime-hydroxy-4prime-methylphenyl)benzoxazole and dodecyl isocyanate in THF at room temperature. The reversible gelation ability of 1 was investigated using a heating-cooling method in various organic solvents. The stable organogel was formed from carbon tetrachloride or from cyclohexane at the concentration as low as 0.9%. The self-assembled supramolecular gel structure formed by non-covalent bonding was confirmed with field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) exhibiting fibril- or ribbon-shaped structure depending on the solvent used. Regarding the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) phenomenon, t...

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We have developed a method for the synthesis of C-11 iodoantipyrine. Carbon-11-labeled methyl iodide, prepared from /sup 11/CO2, was used to methylate 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one to form C-11 antipyrine. Following silica-gel column chromatography and iodination, radiochemical purity of the C-11 iodoantipyrine was more than 99.5%, with a 10% yield and a specific activity of 30 mCi/mumol. Preliminary animal studies showed complete cerebral extraction and local cerebral blood-flow values that were within 4.6% of those obtained using C-14 iodoantipyrine. The C-11 analog, with positron emission tomography, will facilitate local cerebral blood-flow studies in human subjects.

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November 1989, marked the beginning of a new three-year cycle of DOE grant support, in connection with which the program underwent a major reorganization. This document presents the progress on the three objectives of the present program which are: to isolate by the technique of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), proteins of special interest because of the relative mutability of the corresponding gene, establish the identity of the protein, and, for selected proteins, move to a characterization of the corresponding gene; to develop a more efficient approach, based on 2-D PAGE, for the detection of variants in DNA, with special reference to the identification of mutations in the parents of the individual whose DNA is being examined; and, to continue an effective interface with the genetic studies on the children of atomic bomb survivors in Japan, with reference to both the planning and implementation of new studies at the molecular level.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary: The surface coverage of amorphous silica gels used in the synthesis of silica polyamine composites has been investigated by 29Si NMR. By diluting the polyamine anchor silane, chloropropyl trichlorosilane, with methyl trichlorosilane it was found that surface coverage could be markedly improved for a range of amine polymers after grafting to the silica surface. The commensurate decrease in the number of anchor points and increase in the number of free amines results in an increase in metal capacity and/or an improvement in capture kinetics. Solid state CPMAS-13C NMR has been employed to investigate the structure and metal ion binding of a series of these composite materials. It is reported that the highly branched polymer, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) exhibits much broader 13C NMR res...

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Ru(1%)/SiO2 and Cu(1%)Ru(1%)/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by cogelation. The effect of pH and the amount of water on the physical-chemical properties and the catalytic properties of them were analyzed. The acid medium increased the formation of microporosity and the formation of small size of metallic ruthenium particle. The variation of the water quantity used in the gelation not modify considerably the texture neither the dispersion of the noble metal. The reduction lev (more) el of all prepared catalyst was similar, showing displacement in some of reduction peaks. The toluene hydrogenation indicated that the conversion and the quantity of hydrogenate product varied with the pH and the quantity of water used in the gelation. The addition of copper to Ru/SiO2 catalysts diminished the reactive conversion and their hydrogenant activity

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In order to investigate the antioxidant properties of the polysaccharides from the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme, the crude polysaccharides from S. fusiforme (SFPS) were extracted in hot water, and the lipid peroxidation inhibition assay exhibited that SFPS possessed a potential antioxidant activity. Hence, two purely polymeric fractions, SFPS-1 and SFPS-2 were isolated by the column of DEAE (2-diethylaminoethanol)-Sepharose Fast Flow, with their molecular weights of 51.4 and 30.3 kDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). They were preliminarily characterized using chemical analysis in combination of infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and found to contain large amounts of uronic acids and ?-glycosidical linkages. The antioxida...

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Contents: recent trend of battery technologies; alkaline manganese battery with no mercury addition; high capacity zinc-air battery series for hearing aids; characteristics of vanadium-niobium-lithium rechargeable battery; high-energy density lithium-ion rechargeable battery; lithium polymer rechargeable battery: polymer gel electrolyte and electrode; high-capacity ni-cd battery sm120; high-capacity nickel-metal hydride battery; sealed-type batteries for electric vehicles; high-temperature-durable calcium-type battery for automobiles; sealed lead acid batteries for upss; solar cell power unit; solid oxide fuel cell (1); battery management system.

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This document consist of brief reports prepared by postdoctoral students supported by the project, each describing his accomplishments under the grant. Topics include (1) Malignant Transformation of MSU-1. 1 Cells by Gamma Radiation, (2) Correlation between Levels of ras Expression and Presence of Transformed Phenotypes Including Tumorigenicity, Using a Modulatable Promoter, (3) Relation between Specific rad Oncogene Expression, (4) Correlation of Genetic Changes in Fibroblastic Tumors with Malignancies, (5)Transformation of MSU-1.1 Cells by sis Oncogene, (6) Malignant Transformation of MSU-1.0 Cells, (7) Correlation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activation (mu-PA) with Malignant Phenotype, (8)Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Studies of the Proteins of the Major Cell Strains of the MSU-1 Family of Cells, and (9) Correlation between Proteinase Activity Levels and Malignancy.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have developed a process for chemical purification of carbon nanotubes for solution-processable thin-film transistors (TFTs) having high mobility. Films of the purified carbon nanotubes fabricated by simple drop coating showed carrier mobilities as high as 164 cm2V?1s?1, normalized transconductances of 0.78 Sm?1, and on/off current ratios of 106. Such high performance requires the preparation of a suspension of micrometer-long and highly purified semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Our purification process includes length and electronic-type selective trapping of SWCNTs using recycling gel filtration with a mixture of surfactants. The results provide an important milestone toward printed high-speed and large-area electronics with roll-to-roll and ink-jet device fabri...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Vaccine-mediated prevention of primary HIV-1 infection at the heterosexual mucosal portal of entry may be facilitated by highly optimised formulations or drug delivery devices for intravaginal (i.vag) immunization. Previously we described hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)-based rheologically structured gel vehicles (RSVs) for vaginal immunization of an HIV-1 vaccine candidate, a soluble recombinant trimeric HIV-1 clade-C envelope glycoprotein designated CN54gp140. Here we investigated the efficacy of lyophilized solid dosage formulations (LSDFs) for prolonging antigen stability and as i.vag delivery modalities. LSDFs were designed and developed that upon i.vag administration they would reconstitute with the imbibing of vaginal fluid to mucoadhesive, site-retentive semi-solids. Mice were immunize...

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This paper elucidates the effect of humectant performance on the wettability of the skin. Humectants are divided into the organic compounds, such as polyols, the organometallic compounds, such as sodium lactate and pyrolidone sodium carboxylate, and the water soluble high molecular compounds, such as polyethylene glycol and hyaluronic acid. Firstly, hygroscopic performances and characteristics of various hcmectants are illustrated. Then, the humectant performance of the skin and relation between amino acid in the horny layer and moisture content are described. The humectant performance possessed in the intercellular lipid of horny layer is also described. Furthermore, are explained the wettability of the skin by cosmetics and the role of humectant as an emulsifying assistant. A mechanism of the dry skin, improvement effect of the skin by humectants, and combining effect of the humectants are presented. Are also presented the nonaqueous emulsification, amino acid ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed to control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission. We studied the BD GeneOhm? MRSA Assay which is based on one specific amplification product at the junction of the right extremity sequence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and the chromosomal sequence of orfX of S. aureus. The test was applied on 95 clinical isolates in Finland: 83% were positive. The isolates giving negative results represented several pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types and harboured SCCmec types IV, V, VI or were new types with different combinations of ccr genes.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained from different sources and sites at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on chitin agar medium; 9 of the 30 isolates were cultured in liquid medium containing chitin as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Isolate SM21, which was isolated from shrimp shells, showed the best growth and chitinase production in liquid medium. According to its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, SM21 belongs to the genus Streptomyces and was identified as Streptomyces anulatus SM21. Identification was confirmed using 16S rDNA analysis. The chitinase enzyme was precipitated with 80% NH4SO4 and purified using DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The molecular weight determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylam...

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Regularities in the radiation cross-linking of low-density polyethylene under various conditions of ..gamma..-irradiation were studied. It is shown that at the 0.5 GPa pressure and 450 K the gel formation is initiated at doses of about 1 kGy, i.e. at doses 10 times as low as compared to normal conditions. Abnormally high rate of radiation cross-linking at high temperature and high pressure is an evidence of changes in the mechanism of polyethylene, radiation cross-linking, i.e. of the process transition from nonchain to chain conditions. Decrease in the potential barriers of macroradical reactions with macromolecules is the most probable reason of change in the polymer cross-linking nature.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The sampling is described for radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. Aerosols are captured with various filter materials whose properties are summed up in the table. Fine dispersed solid and liquid particles and gaseous admixtures may be captured by bubbling air through a suitable absorption solution. The concentration of small amounts of impurities from large volumes of air is done by adsorbing impurities on surfactants, e.g., activated charcoal, silica gel, etc. Aerosols may be captured using an electrostatic precipitator and aerosol fractions may be separated with a cascade impactor. Water sampling differs by the water source, i.e., ground water, surface water, rain or waste water. Soil samples are taken by probes. (ES).

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A highly sensitive and stable tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+}) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was developed based on carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersed in mesoporous composite films of sol-gel titania and perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion). Single-wall (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be easily dispersed in the titania-Nafion composite solution. The hydrophobic CNT in the titania-Nafion composite films coated on a glassy carbon electrode certainly increased the amount of Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+} immobilized in the ECL sensor by adsorption of Ru(bpy){sub 3} {sup 2+} onto CNT surface, the electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of hydrophobic analytes, and the electronic conductivity of the composite films. Therefore, the present ECL sensor based on the CNT-titania-Nafion showed improved ECL sensitivity for tripropylamine (TPA) compared to the ECL sensors based on both titania-Nafion ...

Science.gov (United States)

This research validates a novel approach for source tracking based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of DNA extracted from Escherichia coli isolates. Escherichia coli from different animal sources and from river samples upstream from, at, and downstream of a combined sewer overflow were subjected to DGGE to determine sequence variations within the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) of the rrnB ribosomal operon. The ISR was analyzed to determine if E. coli isolates from various animal sources could be differentiated from each other. DNA isolated from the E. coli animal sources was PCR amplified to isolate the rrnB operon. To prevent amplification of all 7 E. coli ribosomal operons by PCR amplification using universal primers, sequence-specific primers were utilized for the rrnB operon. Another primer set was then used to prepare samples of the 16S-23S ISR for DGGE. Comparison of PCR-DGGE results between human and animal sources revealed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

From the alkalised crude extract of Symphytum cordatum (L.) W.K. roots, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) were extracted as free tertiary bases and polar N-oxides in a merely one-step liquid-liquid partitioning (LLP) in separation funnel and subsequently pre-fractionated by preparative multiple-development (MD) thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates. In this way three alkaloid fractions of different polarities and retention on silica gel plates were obtained as: the most polar N-oxides of the highest retention, the tertiary bases of medium retention, and diesterified N-oxides of the lowest retention. The former fraction was reduced into free bases by sodium hydrosulfite and purified by LLP on Extrelut-NT3 cartridge. It was further analysed together with the two other fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ion-trap mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface on XTerra C{sub 18} ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In-vitro experiments using "2"0"3Pb were performed to identify the lead binding components in human peripheral blood. The distribution of lead in plasma, in the red cell membrane, and within the red cell was also investigated. Studies of the distribution of "2"0"3Pb in the whole blood showed that at a lead concentration of 2.45 #mu#mol/l (50 #mu#g/100 ml) about 94% of lead had been incorporated by the erythrocytes and 6% remained in the plasma. After extraction of lipid by a methanol/chloroform mixture, about 75% of the lead was found to be associated with the protein fraction. The lipid contained about 21% of the "2"0"3Pb, the remainder being in the aqueous plasma. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of blood plasma showed that almost 90% of the "2"0"3Pb was present in the albumin fraction; the remainder was likely to be associated with high molecular weight globulins. Several binding sites were identified on the erythrocyte membrane. The high molecular weight ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new thin film manufacturing method is established to add a function to glass material surface, as a new material technology which harmonizes with global environment, and is suitable for resource re-utilization and energy conservation. It is intended to develop a leading technology to promote recycling of colored glasses by applying this technical method to colored glasses. Fiscal 1998 has implemented subsequently to fiscal 1997 the following subjects in the three research items composed of a new manufacturing method of functional thin films, application of the functional thin films to colored glasses, and the comprehensive investigative studies: establishment of an industrial manufacturing method for color coating liquid and evaluation of basic characteristics of the colored functional thin films, optimization of element technology for photo-sensitive gel films by means of chemically modifying metallic alkoxide, tests of forming films on glass bottles and plate ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Verheij (1980) described how the frequency domain could be exploited using cross spectral density measurements to measure the flexural ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Petroleum Technology Transfer Council (PTTC) and cooperating Regional Lead Organizations (RLOs) in its South Midcontinent (Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, Oklahoma) and West Coast (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California) regions conducted a ''Mentor-Based Effort to Advance Implementation of Preferred Management Practices (PMPs) For Oil Producers'' (DE-FC26-01BC15272) under an award in Phase I of Department of Energy's (DOE's) PUMP (Preferred Upstream Management Practices) program. The project's objective was to enable producers in California, Oklahoma and Arkansas to increase oil production, moderating or potentially reversing production declines and extending the life of marginal wells in the near term. PTTC identified the primary constraints inhibiting oil production through surveys and PUMPer direct contacts in both regions. The leading common constraint was excess produced water and ...

CERN Document Server

Large scale magnetic field measurements and mapping

CERN Document Server

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) on the unilamellar vesicle populations (diameter 500 and 1000 angstrom) was used to characterize lipid vesicles from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) at three phases (gel, ripple, and liquid). Parameters of vesicle populations and internal structure of the DMPC bilayer were characterized on the basis of the Separated Form Factor (SFF) model. Parameters of the internal bilayer structure (thickness of the membrane and the hydrophobic core, hydration, and surface area of lipid molecule) were determined on the basis of the Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic (HH) approximation of neutron scattering length density across the bilayer r(x) and of the Step Function (SF) approximation of r(x). It was demonstrated in frame of HH approximation that DMPC membrane thickness in liquid phase (T=30 degrees) depends on the membrane curvature. The dependence of the DMPC membrane thickness on temperature was restored from the SANS experiment.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tripartite efflux systems are responsible for the export of toxins across both the inner and outer membranes of Gram negative bacteria. Previous work has indicated that EmrAB-TolC from Escherichia coli is such a tripartite system, comprised of EmrB an MFS transporter, EmrA, a membrane fusion protein and TolC, an outer membrane channel. The whole complex is predicted to form a continuous channel allowing direct export from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell. Little is known, however, about the interactions between the individual components of this system. Reconstitution of EmrA + EmrB resulted in co-elution of the two proteins from a gel filtration column indicating formation of the EmrAB complex. Electron microscopic single particle analysis of the reconstituted EmrAB complex revealed the presence of particles approximately 240 x 140 A, likely to correspond to two EmrAB dimers in a back-to-back arrangement, suggesting the dimeric EmrAB form is the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the lipid and phase transferability of our recently developed systematically coarse-grained solvent-free membrane model. The force field was explicitly parameterized to describe a fluid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayer at 310 K with correct structure and area per lipid, while gaining at least three orders of magnitude in computational efficiency (see Wang and Deserno 2010 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 11207-20). Here, we show that exchanging CG tails, without any subsequent re-parameterization, creates reliable models of 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids in terms of structure and area per lipid. Furthermore, all CG lipids undergo a liquid-gel transition upon cooling, with characteristics like those observed in experiments and all-atom simulations during phase transformation. These studies suggest a promising transferability of our force field parameters to different lipid species and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Porous carbon with high surface area and pore volume was prepared by a reverse replication process and its toluene equilibrium adsorption behavior was investigated. The preparation process of the porous carbon was composed of following sub-processes in series: synthesis and template preparation of silica gel, impregnation and polymerization of DVB monomer in silica template, carbonization of DVB polymer in a silica-polymer composite, and HF-assisted selective etching of silica in carbon-silica composite, The prepared porous carbon was nano porous and had ultrahigh specific surface area (2007 m{sup 2}/g) and large pore volume (3.07cm{sup 3}/g). The nanoporous carbon showed rapid toluene adsorption rate and good toluene adsorption capacity, compared with a commercial Y-type zeolite, In the present study, a reverse replication process to prepare nanoporous carbons will be introduced and its application potential as a gas adsorbent will be discussed. (author). 17 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the in vitro effects of low-dose cadmium (Cd) on developing cortical cells. The cortical cells removed from fetuses (embryonic day 15) were treated with 10 nM of Cd for 24 h. The effects of Cd on dendritic and synaptic development were immunocytochemically observed with anti-microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and anti-synapsin I antibodies, respectively. Administration of Cd suppressed dendritic as well as synaptic development at 10 nM. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) analysis, we identified three proteins with different expression after Cd-treatment; dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2/CRMP-2), 14-3-3-epsillon and calmodulin (CaM). Though the number of identified proteins was small, these proteins are known to be involved in neuronal development. The present study demonstrated the morphological effects as well as affected proteins in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, silver nanoparticles were formed on a natural macroporous matrix, the stem of rice-paper plant, by reducing Ag{sup +} in aqueous solution through in situ processing without using any other stabilizers. The pores of the matrix, with their size of about 100 {mu}m, were thought to act as reaction compartments for the nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles, and the control of nucleation of silver crystal during the reduction reaction was found to be important to the successful formation of nanosized silver particles onto the matrix. The diameter and amount of resultant silver particles can be controlled by changing the reaction conditions. Under optimized conditions, the content of silver particles in the matrix can reach as high as 1.8 wt% with the particle diameters being kept below 100 nm. The anti-microbial activities in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the silver nanoparticle composites against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were assayed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors studied the flow of carbon ({sup 14}C) from CO{sub 2} through sucrose to oligofructans in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves that had been induced by excision to accumulate fructan. Leaves were either labeled for 30 min and then chased in ambient air for 2 h or labeled continuously for 2 h. Fructans were chromatographed on BioGel P2 column. During continuous labeling, the specific activity was highest in sucrose and decreased for fructans with DP 3 to 5, and each increased linearly with time for 2 h. During the chase period, sucrose specific activity increased for 60 min and then declined while oligofructans gained in specific activity through the 2 h period. After 30 min of labeling, the specific activity of fructose moiety of sucrose was equal to glucose but, in oligofructans, those of the individual fructose units were not. The results may provide insight into the fructosyl donor-acceptor pool relations in wheat leaves.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Four extracellular keratinases (designated KI, KII, KIII, and KIV) were produced during submerged aerobic cultivation in a medium containing native human foot skin (NHFS) for enzyme synthesis. The molecular weights, determined by SDS-PAGE, were 25, 50, 34, and 19kDa, respectively. Gel filtration of the four purified enzymes in native conditions indicated that active keratinase KI is a novel homo-octamer, KII a homo-dimer, and KIII and KIV monomers. All four keratinases exhibited high activities at pH 8.0-10.0 with an optimal pH of 9.0. The optimal temperature for keratinolytic activity of KI, KII, and KIII was approximately 50, and 60degreeC for KIV. One millimolar of PMSF completely inhibited the keratinolytic activities of the four enzymes. The N-terminal sequences of KI, KII, and KIII s...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Co-doped BaTiO{sub 3} nanosized powders and ceramics were prepared via the sol-gel process. The powders and ceramics were characterized by methods of XRD, SEM and TEM. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also determined by these methods. The influence of sintering temperature, sintering time and Co concentration on the microstructure and dielectric properties was discussed. The results revealed that the powders were in nanometer scale (30-50 nm) and were mainly composed of cubic BaTiO{sub 3} phase and small amount of BaCO{sub 3}. After sintering, both the cubic BaTiO{sub 3} and BaCO{sub 3} were transformed into tetrahedron BaTiO{sub 3}. The sintering temperatures of the Co-doped BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics decreased (about 100 deg. C) and the Curie temperatures of the ceramics were then moved to lower temperature. In addition, the dielectric constant of the ceramics doping with Co was higher than that of the pure BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics. The dielectric ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To investigate the usefulness of a newly developed magnetic resonance (MR) image-guided surgical robotic system for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. The system consists of MR image guidance [interactive scan control (ISC) imaging, three-dimensional (3-D) navigation, and preoperative planning], an MR-compatible operating table, and an MR-compatible master-slave surgical manipulator that can enter the MR gantry. Using this system, we performed in vivo experiments with MR image-guided laparoscopic puncture on three pigs. We used a mimic tumor made of agarose gel and with a diameter of approximately 2 cm. All procedures were successfully performed. The operator only advanced the probe along the guidance device of the manipulator, which was adjusted on the basis of the preoperative plan, and punctured the target while maintaining the operative field using robotic forceps. The position of the probe was monitored continuously with 3-D navigation and 2-D ISC ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3)(BST) thin films have been prepared from barium 2-ethylhexanoate [Ba[CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2]2], strontium 2-ethylhexanoate [Sr[CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2]2] and titanium(IV) isopropoxide [TiOCH(CH3)2]4 precursors using a modified sol-gel technique. The precursor except [TiOCH(CH3)2]4 were synthesized in the laboratory. Transparent and crack-free films were fabricated on pre-cleaned quartz substrates by spin coating. The structural and optical properties of films annealed at different temperatures have been investigated. The as-fired films were found to be amorphous that crystallized to the tetragonal phase after annealing at 550degreeC for 1h in air. The lattice constants "a" and "c" were found to be 3.974A and 3.990A, respectively. The grain...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent nuclear power plants require high purity water to protect nuclear reactors or steam generators from SCC and maintain in good condition. In this connection, it is especially important to minimize sulfate, which is a corrosive chemical originated from oxidative degradation of cation exchange resins during operation. Recently, uniform particle size (UPS) strong acid cation gel resin with 14% cross-linkage, which has excellent stability against oxidization, has been applied to several condensate purification systems. For further improvement of water quality, some methods for changing the configuration of condensate demineralizer's resin bed have been examined. For example, these methods correspond to anion under layer and cation over layer. We have tested these methods by cold column tests. Furthermore, we have developed the newly anion exchange resin having higher efficiency and capacity for absorbing leachables from cation exchange resins. In this paper, we ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A radioimmunoassay is described for the molluscan neuropeptide, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH"2(FMRFamide). The antibody used is C-terminal-specific and shows slight but significant (1-2%) cross-reactivity with chicken pancreatic polypeptide (APP). The assay has been used to identify in rat brain extracts a pair of molecules that may represent mammalian counterparts of FMRFamide. Their concentrations were highest in spinal cord and hypothalamus (>10 pmol.g"-_1) and lowest in cerebellum and striatum (<3.5 pmol.g"-_1). The two immunoreactive peptides were separated on CM ion-exchange chromatography where they appeared to be less basic than FMRFamide. On Sephadex G50 gel filtration one eluted in a similar position to FMRFamide and the other slightly earlier suggesting it may be of higher molecular weight. The rat immunoreactive components do not correspond to previously described neuropeptides or hormones, and may be members of a new group of mammalian neuropeptides with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freezing and thaw have an effect on soils, and the effect of the freeze-thaw cycle on soil covers used in the control of acid mine drainage was discussed in this poster presentation. The purpose of soil covers in cases involving acid mine drainage (AMD) is to reduce the exposure of tailings to oxygen which cause AMD. The effect of this freezing-thaw cycle on soft materials used in soil covers with capillary effect was studied. Some laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the properties of the moisture retention layer. The preliminary results were presented. The results indicated that the freeze-thaw cycle might affect the performance of soil covers in the long term, depending on the type of materials selected. Further research is undergoing. 26 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polymers containing hydroquinone, catechol or their corresponding benzoquinones are a special class of redox polymers. Three pathways of their syntheses are possible: condensation polymerization of suitable monomers, addition polymerization of vinyl monomers containing redox moiety, and chemical attachment of redox unit onto pre-made polymeric matrix. A range of functionalized matrices have been employed such as polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyamides and others. Protection of their phenolic functionality has conducted to chemically interesting redox polymer precursors. The presence of a redox moiety coupled with the extant functionalization of the polymer matrix makes the materials very valuable, of wide properties and consequently of vast applicability. For instance, in the oil field, some polymers such as carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) are often applied as to bring about a viscosity improvement and therefore to facilitate the oil drilling. In this regard, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have examined the detection by a /sup 125/I-labeled basic protein, cationized cytochrome c, of selected proteoglycans (PGs) and standard preparations of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) immobilized on Nylon 66 and also on positively charged Nylon 66. Immobilization on Nylon 66 appears to allow a relative freedom of interaction between PGs or GAGs and /sup 125/I-cationized cytochrome c, but a more restricted reaction was observed when PGs and GAGs were immobilized to positively charged Nylon 66. On this support PGs with large numbers of GAG side chains reacted well with /sup 125/I-cationized cytochrome c, but GAGs were minimally reactive. By taking advantage of some of the properties of large-pore agarose-acrylamide gels, rapid partial characterization of some PGs can be accomplished in the 10-ng range, and therefore at a sensitivity equal to PGs with internal biosynthetic labels.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors describe a cloning strategy for the construction of a human genomic library in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) based on complete digestion of high-molecular-weight DNA with the infrequently cutting restriction enzyme MluI. Cloning of MluI fragments in the vector pYAC-RC and one subsequent size fractionation by preparative pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded a library with average insert sizes of 600 kb. Ninety-seven percent of the colonies were recombinant. An additional size fractionation of MluI fragments prior to ligation had no significant influence on the size of the YACs. The library currently consists of 5000 clones, which is the equivalent of one human genome. Nineteen percent of the YACs were larger than 1.2 Mb. Since smaller MluI fragments are lost during sizing, they also performed cloning without size fractionation. Only 20% of the colonies were recombinant, probably due to unligated vector fragments that were present during the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aluminum toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of clinical disorders in patients with chronic renal failure on long-term intermittent hemodialysis treatment. The predominant disorders have been those involving either bone (osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy) or brain (dialysis encephalopathy). In nonuremic patients, an increased brain aluminum concentration has been implicated as a neurotoxic agent in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and was associated with experimental neurofibrillary degeneration in animals. The brain aluminum concentrations of patients dying with the syndrome of dialysis encephalopathy (dialysis dementia) are significantly higher than in dialyzed patients without the syndrome and in nondialyzed patients. Two potential sources for the increased tissue content of aluminum in patients on hemodialysis have been proposed: (1) intestinal absorption from aluminum containing phosphate-binding gels, and (2) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel composite film, comprising of hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and gold nanoparticles (GNP), was fabricated and characterized. The GNP was introduced through electrochemical deposition on IL-MWNT gel film coated glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). Experiments showed that both IL and MWNTs could facilitate the GNP deposition. With GNP the composite film exhibited smaller electron transfer resistance and higher sensitivity in sensing guanine (G) and adenine (A). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the anodic peak currents were linear to the analyte concentration in the ranges of 0.008-2.0 {mu}M. The detection limits were down to nanomole level after an accumulation of 150 s on open-circuit. In addition, on the composite film coated GCE, the anodic peaks of G and A were well separated, and their response sensitivities kept almost unchanged no matter whether they coexisted or not. This proposed procedure was successfully ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polynuclear aromatic sulphur heterocycles (PASHs) were isolated from a coal extract by two-step separation method using silica gel column chromatography and ligand exchanges thin layer chromatography (PdCl{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2}). The subfraction was examined by capillary column gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and flame photometric detector and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Identification was accomplished by comparison of chromatographic retention indices and mass spectra of compounds with those reported in the literature. It was found that the principal structures of the sulphur-containing fraction of Guiding coal extract have 3-4 aromatic rings. Dibenzothiophene, C{sub 1} - C{sub 3} alkylated dibenzothiophenes, benzonaphthothiophene and its alkylated derivatives were the main compounds. Only a few other polynuclear sulfur heterocycles were detected. No benzothiophene and its derivatives were presented. 8 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ability of white-rot fungus, Pycnoporus sanguineus to adsorb copper (II) ions from aqueous solution is investigated in a batch system. The live fungus cells were immobilized into Ca-alginate gel to study the influence of pH, initial metal ions concentration, biomass loading and temperature on the biosorption capacity. The optimum uptake of Cu (II) ions was observed at pH 5 with a value of 2.76 mg/g. Biosorption equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model followed by Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich models, respectively. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion equations. The thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change (10.16 kJ/mol) and entropy change (33.78 J/mol K) were determined from the biosorption equilibrium data. The FTIR analysis showed that -OH, -NH, C-H, C=O, -COOH and C-N groups were involved in the biosorption of Cu (II) ions onto immobilized cells of P. sanguineus. The immobilized cells ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There is a lot of interest in the studies that would help to understand whether there is a casual association between cancer and various types of molecular or cytogenetic damage detected in human cells. One major oncogenesis process is activation of proto-oncogenes by point mutations or chromosomal translocation. There are substantial evidence that indicates that the loss of heterozygosity of certain chromosomes is involved in human cancerogenesis. Our study aimed to elicit the possible association between cancer and DNA and cytogenetic abnormalities induced in lymphocytes of people bearing various categories of skin cancer cells. Fresh blood was collected by venipuncture from 25 individuals (including nine prior to cancer treatment). All patients were nonsmoking males, however 42.3 % of them were former smokers. Blood samples were divided into two parts and in the first part of samples cytogenetic studies were performed immediately, while from the second part lymphocytes were isolated ...

Wastenet

The nature of any pollution abatement measures that are required in operation.

CERN Document Server

The Business Value of IT

Science.gov (United States)

... 3.0 Radar Measurements 3-1 3. 1 Spectral Density Measurements 3-2 3. 1. 1 System Calibration 3-3 ... 3. 1 SPECTRAL DENSITY MEASUREMENTS ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract available.

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... more than expected in developing a unique bond strength measurement protocol that is important for a wide range of bond strength measurements. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Surface temperature is measured with an infrared thermometer. Measuring Surface Temperature. Nine sample points are selected with a site of uniform land ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 44 2. Luminance Power Spectral Density Measurements ..... 44 ... 50 4. Chrominance Power Spectral Density Measurements ..... 53 ...

Science.gov (United States)

... measurement. Power spectral density measurements are made by the dynamic signal analyzer for each channel. A cross power ...

Science.gov (United States)

... analyzer section for angle resolved measurements, and a thin film evaporator with a quartz crystal microbalance to measure the mass deposition. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since 1958, the AlliedSignal Federal Manufacturing and Technologies (FM and T) Metrology Department has developed measurement technology and calibration capability in four major areas of measurement: mechanical; environmental, gas, liquid; electrical (D.C., A.C., RF/microwave); and optical and radiation. The capabilities developed include unique capabilities in many areas of measurement and engineering expertise to develop measurement techniques and resolve measurement problems in these major areas. FM and T Metrology was established in 1958 to provide a measurement base for the Department of energy`s Kansas City Plant. The Metrology Engineering Department provides the expertise to develop measurement capabilities for virtually any type of measurement which falls into the broad areas listed above. The engineering staff ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

In 1995 the exercise RESUME-95 (Rapid Environmental Surveying Using Mobile Equipment) took place in Finland. Groups from 8 European countries joined the exercise. The methods used were airborne gamma-ray measurements, car-borne measurements and in situ stationary measurements. The results of the measurements are analyses aiming at disclosing similarities and differences between groups and measuring techniques.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes a method for measuring oil consumption in compressors. The oil is labelled with Zn 65. The consumed radioactive oil is retained in an activated carbon filter and its activity is measured continuously with a plastic scintillator detector. Measuring the oil consumption at a given operating levels takes about 15 minutes. At an oil consumption rate of about 1 g/h the measurement errors are of the order of +- 5%. (orig.).

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance of Salmonella isolated from Dutch poultry, poultry meat and hospitalized humans. Methods: Thirty-four ESBL-resistant Salmonella isolates from The Netherlands were tested towards 21 antimicrobial agents. PCR and sequencing were used to determine the underlying genetic determinants responsible for the ESBL phenotypes. The transferability of the ESBL phenotypes was tested by conjugation to a susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin and plasmid purification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were employed to further characterize a subset of the isolates. Results: A great genetic diversity was seen among the isolates. The bla(TEM-52) gene was most predominant and was found among Salmonella enterica serovars Blockley, Thomson, London, Enteritidis phage type 14b, ...

Science.gov (United States)

The plerocercoid stage of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides produces a functional analog of human growth hormone (hGH). Among the similarities between plerocercoid growth factor (PGF) and hGH is competition for the same receptors on rabbit liver membranes. To take advantage of this characteristic in a purification scheme for PGF, rabbit liver microsomes were solubilized in Triton X-100 and the hGH receptors were purified over an hGH affinity column. The purified receptors from six rabbit livers were coupled to Affi-Gel-10 to create a receptor affinity column which was used to purify PGF. Chromatography of crude PGF over the receptor column resulted in a 1044 fold increase in specific activity. SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol showed that the affinity-purified PGF contained three protein bands with apparent Mrs of 27.5 K, 22 K, and 16.7 K. Injections of the partially-purified PGF into hypophysectomized rats produced a dose-dependent growth response ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Small unilamellar vesicles which form when gel-state long-chain phosphatidylcholines are mixed with micellar short-chain lecithins undergo an increase in size as the long-chain species melts to its liquid-crystalline form. Analysis of the vesicle population with quasi-elastic light scattering shows that the particle size increases from 90-A radius to greater than 5000-A radius. Resonance energy transfer experiments show total mixing of lipid probes with unlabeled vesicles only when the Tm of the long-chain phosphatidylcholine is exceeded. This implies that the large size change represents a fusion process. Aqueous compartments are also mixed during this transition. 31P NMR analysis of the vesicle mixtures above the phase transition shows a great degree of heterogeneity with large unilamellar particles coexisting with oligo- and multilamellar structures. Upon cooling the vesicles below the Tm, the original size distribution (e.g., small unilamellar vesicles) is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Transparent aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, AZO) conducting thin films with a high-preferential c-axis orientation were synthesized using a new sol-gel formula. The films were deposited using a spin-coating route onto borosilicate glass substrates. We used propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) as the solvent in place of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME), which is commonly used because it is easier to deposit onto the substrates. PGME is also superior in terms of health and safety. PGME solvent does not need to settle for several days before use and can be spin-coated as soon as the raw material and solvent are mixed. The effects of this novel solvent on the structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties are discussed using XRD, SEM, a four-point probe and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. It was found that the films produced with PGME showed a high-preferential c-axis orientation and compact microstructure in comparison films produced using EGME. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have used limited proteolysis of affinity-labeled estrogen receptors (ER), coupled with antireceptor antibody immunoreactivity, to assess structural features of ER and the relatedness of ER from MCF-7 human breast cancer and rat uterine cells. MCF-7 ER preparations covalently labeled with ["3H]tamoxifen aziridine (["3H]TAZ) were treated with trypsin (T), #alpha#-chymotrypsin (C), or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease prior to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Fluorography revealed a distinctive ladder of ER fragments containing TAZ for each protease generated from the M/sub r/ 66,000 ER. Immunoblot detection with the primate-specific antibody D75P3#gamma# revealed that all immunoreactive fragments corresponded to TAZ-labeled fragments but that some small TAZ-labeled fragments were no longer immunoreactive. In contrast, use of the antibody H222SP#gamma# revealed a correspondence between TAZ-labeled and immunoreactive fragments down to the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Four trypsin inhibitor homologs, the first known from Dendroaspis angusticeps venom, were characterized using a combination of gel filtration, cation exchange, reverse-phase liquid chromatography, Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. The four toxins comprise two 57 residue and two 59 residue isoforms. The long toxins possess a Lys-Gln N-terminal extension lacked by the short toxins. The only other structural difference is an Arg/His replacement at position 55. The long Arg55 variant is identical to trypsin inhibitor E from the venom of Dendroaspis polylepis. The name epsilon-dendrotoxin is suggested so as to follow the nomenclature of Benishin, C.G., Sorensen, R.G., Brown, W.E., Krueger, B.K., Blaustein, M.P., 1988. Four polypeptide components of green mamba venom selectively block certain potassium channels in rat brain synaptosomes. Mol. Pharmacol. 34, 152-159. Among snake venom protease inhibitors, the epsilon-dendrotoxins are structurally most like the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Lipase catalyzed esterification reactions between lactic acid and several fatty acids have been studied. Difficulties arise in esterifying lactic acid because of the potential for this substance to act both as an acyl donor and as a nucleophile. These difficulties were minimized via strategies which greatly increased the yield of the desired ester. Use of the companion fatty acid in excess with respect to lactic acid in an apolar solvent (n-hexane) in which the lactic is not completely dissolved has been employed to minimize the potential for lactic acid to act as an acyl donor in a self-polymerization reaction.Beneficial and sinergistic effects of both silica gel and molecular sieves on conversion to the desired product are described. However, careful control of the amount of molecular sieves used is required. This fact is a consequence of two opposing effects of this material: i.e. adsorption of both lactic acid and water from the reaction mixture. For reaction ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more important not only for portable electronic devices, but also in prevision of high power electric vehicles. In such an optic, deep studies regarding all the components of a secondary battery are in development. In this study, high voltage cathode materials have been selected. Crystals with spinel structure have a 3D vacancy pathway suitable for Li-ions transport. The material under study was LiNi{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 1.5}O{sub 4} doped with magnesium replacing the nickel. Various samples were synthesized via three different routes: a solid-state method, a modified sol-gel method and a xerogel method. The structure and morphology of the powders were analyzed with HRTEM and XRD. Electrochemical tests were also performed. A wide range of particle sizes (from micro to nanosize) was the result of the different synthesis routes. Unfortunately pure materials were not always obtained. The electrochemical tests showed improvement of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

V{sub 2}O{sub 5} based compounds are interesting low potential materials for rechargeable cathodes of lithium electrochemical generators. However, the ionic conductivity and the reversibility of electrochemical cycling of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} are limited by the possibilities of lithium insertion. This work shows that the doping of vanadium pentoxide by a M{sup 3+} trivalent transition element (M Fe, Al, Cr or La) allows to intercalate a more important amount of lithium and to improve the behaviour of the material during cycling. These materials of M{sub 0.11}V{sub 2}O{sub 5.16} formula are obtained by sol-gel synthesis. the electrochemical study of the Fe compound has shown that it is a mixed oxide with a behaviour similar to V{sub 2}O{sub 5}. The maximum capacity is of about 2 F/mole in the case of Fe, Al and Cr compounds and of about 1.7 F/mole in the case of La. The structural evolution of the Fe compound has been followed during the chemical insertion of Li and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nuclear lamina proteins, prelamin A, lamin B, and a 70-kD lamina-associated protein, are posttranslationally modified by a metabolite derived from mevalonate. This modification can be inhibited by treatment with (3-R,S)-3-fluoromevalonate, demonstrating that it is isoprenoid in nature. We have examined the association between isoprenoid metabolism and processing of the lamin A precursor in human and hamster cells. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by mevinolin (lovastatin) specifically depletes endogenous isoprenoid pools and inhibits the conversion of prelamin A to lamin A. Prelamin A processing is also blocked by mevalonate starvation of Mev-1, a CHO cell line auxotrophic for mevalonate. Moreover, inhibition of prelamin A processing by mevinolin treatment is rapidly reversed by the addition of exogenous mevalonate. Processing of prelamin A is, therefore, dependent on isoprenoid metabolism. Analysis of the conversion of prelamin A to lamin A by two ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A home-made 3.1 kWh wind turbine that is promising to be the hottest new wind product to appear for home/farm users in some time, is described. The turbine is installed near a farm house in the high wind area of Mount Forest, Ontario. The turbine is hooked up to a four kilowatt Trace inverter charger which is coupled through a DC disconnect and C-60 charge controller to two sets of solar panels (seven panels of 120 W each by Solarex SX 120, and five panels by Sharp, each providing 1600 watt of solar power). The wind turbine and the solar panels, assisted by two 65-year old refurbished wind turbines, one bank of Gel Cell batteries, and an Onan 5 kW gas generator supply the electrical requirements of a seven member family in a 3400 square foot house. The new turbine is mounted on an 80-foot tower, has three eight foot Kevlar blades that produce a 17 foot overall sweep. The turbine weighs 615 lbs., produces 3.1 kW of pure power at just 310 rpms at a low start up wind ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The origin of the epithelial and myoepithelial cells in the human breast has not been delineated. In this study we have addressed whether luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells are vertically connected, i.e., whether one is the precursor for the other. We used a primary culture assay allowing preservation of basic phenotypic traits of luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells in culture. The two cell types were then separated immunomagnetically using antibodies directed against lineage-specific cell surface antigens into at best 100% purity. The cellular identity was ascertained by cytochemistry, immunoblotting, and 2-D gel electrophoresis. Luminal epithelial cells were identified by strong expression of cytokeratins 18 and 19 while myoepithelial cells were recognized by expression of vimentin and {alpha}-smooth muscle actin. We used a previously devised culture medium (CDM4) that allows vigorous expansion of proliferative myoepithelial cells and also ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Europium (Eu) ions-doped titanate nanowires were synthesized via a sol-gel-hydrothermal chemistry and they were found to be roll multilayered trititanate-type nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and alkali ions. The average diameter was about 20 nm for nanowires synthesized in NaOH solution and about 10 nm for nanowires synthesized in KOH solution. Under ultraviolet excitation the nanowires showed bright red emission corresponding to 5D0-7Fj of Eu3+ ions at room temperature, which was attributed to the non-radiative energy transfer from the surrounding Ti-O octahedral nanosheets to the central Eu3+ ions in interlayer. The luminescent properties of nanowires were influenced by the type of co-intercalated alkali ions, doping degree, hydrothermal and annealing temperatures. The intensity ratio of 5D0-7F2 to 5D0-7F1 of titanate nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and Na+ ions was higher than that of titanate nanowires intercalated with Eu3+ and K+ ions. The emission ...

Science.gov (United States)

Two methods, a traditional emulsion technique and a high voltage electrostatically modified encapsulation system, were used to fabricate degradable chitosan/beta -tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) microspheres. The two distinct kinds of microspheres both exhibited good sphericity and the beta-TCP was trapped well inside the chitosan gel. The microspheres prepared by high voltage electrostatic system exhibited a rougher outer surface and narrower size distribution. These microspheres were then used as an added constituent to commercially available PMMA bone cement. Four modified cement composites that were prepared with different composition ratios of the two kinds of chitosan/beta-TCP microspheres that were made from emulsion technique (C1P1 and C2P1) and from a process by a high voltage electrostatic system (EC1P1 and EC2P1) were compared with the PMMA cement (Pure P). The characteristics of these materials indicate that with the addition of chitosan/beta-TCP ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It was the aim of this study to specifically detect the DNA sequences for the bphC gene, the meta-cleavage enzyme of the aerobic catabolic pathway for biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation, in aquatic sediments without prior cultivation of microorganisms by using extraction of total DNA, PCR amplification of bphC sequences, and detection with specific gene probes. The direct DNA extraction protocol used was modified to enhance lysis efficiency. Crude extracts of DNA were further purified by gel filtration, which yielded DNA that could be used for the PCR. PCR primers were designed for conserved regions of the bphC gene from a sequence alignment of five known sequences. The specificity of PCR amplification was verified by using digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes which were located internal to the amplified gene sequence. The detection limit for the bphC gene of Pseudomonas paucimobilis Q1 and Pseudomaonas sp. strain LB 400-like sequences for the bphC gene ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes, several differentiation-linked genes are activated. Lipo-protein lipase (LPL) is one of the first genes induced during this process. To investigate early events in adipocyte development, we have focused on the transcriptional activation of the LPL gene. For this purpose, we have cloned and fused different parts of intragenic and flanking sequences with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Transient transfection experiments and DNase I hypersensitivity assays indicate that several positive as well as negative elements contribute to transcriptional regulation of the LPL gene. When reporter gene constructs were stably introduced into preadipocytes, we were able to monitor and compare the activation patterns of different promoter deletion mutants at selected time points representing the process of adipocyte development. We could delimit two cis-regulatory elements important for gradual activation of the LPL gene during ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck (Piperaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat infectious diseases. The extracts obtained from the leaves of P. regnellii were investigated for their antifungal activities against the yeasts Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. The EtOAc extract presented gnificant activity against Candida albicans with MIC at 125 {mu}g mL{sup -1}, and a moderate activity against both C. krusei and C. parapsilosis with MIC at 500 {mu}g mL{sup -1}. Candida tropicalis was not inhibited by this extract at concentrations as high as 1000 {mu}g mL{sup -1}. Based on these findings, the EtOAc extract was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into nine fractions. The hexane and CHCl{sub 3} fractions showed varied levels of antifungal activity against all test yeasts. Further column chromatography separation of the hexane fraction afforded the pure compounds ...

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The effect of experimental diabetes on the phosphorylation of proteins in the rat sciatic nerve was studied. Nerves from animals made diabetic with streptozocin were incubated in vitro with (/sup 32/P)orthophosphate and divided into segments from the proximal to the distal end, and proteins from each segment were then separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The principal labeled species were the major myelin proteins, P0, and the basic proteins. After 6 wk of diabetes, the incorporation of isotope into these proteins rose as a function of distance along the nerve in a proximal to distal direction and was significantly higher at the distal end compared with incorporation into nerves from age-matched controls. The overall level of isotope uptake was similar in nerves from diabetic animals and weight-matched controls. The distribution of /sup 32/P among proteins also differed in diabetic nerve compared with both control groups in that ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. The short duration cerebrovascular perfusion method for measuring permeability of the blood-brain barrier has been adapted to measuring transport into the retina. 2. The method has been characterized...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

For aerodynamic force measurement in the ISL shock tunnel, the authors have developed a novel measurement technique. Its key feature is a mounting support, which releases the test model and tightens it again after a free flight duration of 10 to 15 millis...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, some results of the indoor radon concentration measurements are presented. Kodac track detectors LR 115, bare and in a cup were used for these measurements. Average winter/summer ratio was determined for the town of interest. (author). 5 refs, 1 fig., 1 tab.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain an overview of the methodological quality of studies on the measurement properties of neck pain and disability questionnaires and to describe how well various aspects of the design and statistical analyses of studies on measurement properties are performed. Methods: A systematic review was performed of published studies on the measurement properties of neck pain and disability questionnaires. Two reviewers independently rated the quality of the studies using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. This checklist was developed in an international Delphi consensus study. Results: A total of 47 articles were included on the measurement properties of 8 different questionnaires. The meth...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short-term radon measurements were used to make a comparison between weekly screening tests and seasonal concentration. The screening measurements were made in an indoor environment over a period of one quarter during early summer and the results are compared with the measured average radon level over that period. In these experiments, the envelope-type and plastic bag monitors were used for screening and long term radon concentration measurements, respectively. The results show that one cannot achieve predicting the seasonal mean radon concentration based on weekly measurements better than 50% under the conditions reported. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

This data set contains data from in situ infrared thermometer measurements ... Surface temperature was measured using an Apogee Infrared Thermometer from 23 ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This paper attempts to clarify the most common measures available for the fire and electrical engineer in the prevention of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) hazards. It points out the risks and the potential...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This article addresses the need for new data on indirect effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles on atmospheric ice clouds. Simultaneous measurements of the concentration and composition...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

360 degree Surveys. Measuring. Measuring successes successes ... Self- Assessment. Safeguards. Equipment. Reactor. Protection. Systems. Containment ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present recent measurements of the inclusive cross section of W and Z bosons from Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider.

Science.gov (United States)

... The approach is to perform noise spectral density measurements and selected materials structure measurements on GaAs detector materials, with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors present some recent measurements on electroweak physics using data collected by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron proton anti-proton collider ({radical}s = 1.96 TeV) at Fermilab.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMeasures of attachment style are often used to appraise social and emotional health. In developmental literature, the concept of attachment is used to explain...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Inferring cluster structure in microarray datasets is a fundamental task for the -omic sciences. A fundamental question in Statistics, Data Analysis and Classification, is the prediction of the number of clusters in a dataset, usually established via internal validation measures. Despite the wealth of internal measures available in the literature, new ones have been recently proposed, some of them specifically for microarray data. In this dissertation, a study of internal validation measures is given, paying particular attention to the stability based ones. Indeed, this class of measures is particularly prominent and promising in order to have a reliable estimate the number of clusters in a dataset. For those measures, a new general algorithmic paradigm is proposed here that highlights the richness of measures in this class and accounts for the ones already ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a laser spectroscopic approach for measuring the charge radius of the halo nucleus {sup 11}Li and report on recent progress in the development of the experimental apparatus.

Science.gov (United States)

Page 1. AD-769 272 A NEW TOOL FOR ACCURATELY MEASURING THE INSIDE DIAMETER OF A GUN BARREL, LONG TUBE, OR SIMILAR ...

CERN Document Server

\\end{abstract}

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Volume IV is devoted to examining the medical and associated organizational measures used to

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transport of Rn through activated charcoal was modelled for a charcoal canister used for surface emanation measurements. Derived Rn concentration distributions in full and half charcoal charges were compared with measured Rn profiles. The distributions were also compared with an empirical expression for the measured profiles. Close agreement was observed between the measured, empirically generated and derived profiles. The influence of temperature and humidity on Rn accumulation and transport is also discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short communication.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Power density measurements in the critical facility RA-8 are presented. These measurements were the first systematic use of the reactor. A measurement system was designed, built and proved for this goal. Power profiles are showed and the results are compared with calculated values. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:17276750

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper abstracted gives a tabular survey of the suppliers and applications of measuring equipment. Equipment is available for the following fields of application: Continuous measuring instruments for stationary operation, laboratory equipment for sampling and hand equipment for mobile measurement, sampling equipment for examining emissions and gases, detectors, storage and evaluation equipment and meteorological instruments. (PW).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The US Geological survey is active in measuring time of travel in streams using dye tracers. This manual describes methods of measuring time of travel of water and waterborne solutes by dye tracing. The fluorescent dyes, measuring equipment used, and field and laboratory procedures are also described. Methods of analysis and presentation to illustrate time of travel of streams are provided.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Elastodynamic approach to measuring stress-strain relationship of uniaxially stressed wire, and

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have performed precision measurements in a magneto-optical trap of the 7P1/2 hyperfine structure of the isotopes 209-210Fr. The ratio of these hyperfine constants to the previously measured 7S1/2 ground state values reveals a significant hyperfine anomaly. This anomaly results from the different radial dependence of the electron density in the two atomic levels. The measurements are sensitive to changes in the radial distribution of the neutron magnetism.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three papers are included. A separate abstract was prepared for each one. (MHR)