Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reductive quenching of two photoexcited ruthenium(II) complexes by an anionic electron donor, 2,2{prime}-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS{sup 2{minus}}), in aqueous solution was examined by laser flash photolysis before and after adding positively charged colloidal (250-{angstrom} diameter) alumina-coated silica particles. The kinetics and quantum yields of electron transfer with an anionic sensitizer, RuL{sub 3}{sup 4{minus}} (L = bathophenanthroline disulfonate), and a cationic one, Ru(bpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} (bpy = 2,2{prime}-bipyridine), were compared. Coadsorption of ABTS{sup 2{minus}} and RuL{sub 3}{sup 4{minus}} by the particles greatly enhanced the rate of quenching such that only the reaction occurring on the surfaces of the particles was observed. Electron transfer from ABTS{sup 2{minus}} to ...

CERN Document Server

Let $M$ be a complex manifold of complex dimension $n+k$. We say that the functions $u_1,...s,u_k$ and the vector fields $\\xi_1,...,\\xi_k$ on $M$ form a \\emph{complex gradient system} if $\\xi_1,...,\\xi_k,J\\xi_1,...,J\\xi_k$ are linearly independent at each point $p\\in M$ and generate an integrable distribution of $TM$ of dimension $2k$ and $du_\\alpha(\\xi_\\beta)=0$, $\\d^c\\u_\\alpha(\\xi_\\beta)=\\delta_{\\alpha\\beta}$ for $\\alpha,\\beta=1,...,k$. We prove a Cauchy theorem for such complex gradient systems with initial data along a $\\CR-$submanifold of type $(\\CRdim,\\CRcodim)$. We also give a complete local characterization for the complex gradient systems which are \\emph{holomorphic} and \\emph{abelian}, which means that the vector fields $\\xi_\\alpha^c=\\xi_\\alpha-J\\xi_\\beta$, $\\alpha=1,...,k$ are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports on superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor (S-N-S) weak-link junctions with the normal layer of Si or InSb thin films were prepared by using focused ion beam (FIB), and electrical properties were measured. Whereas InSb thin films on single crystals did not have an intrinsic mobility, S-N-S junction with InSb shows the characteristics of Josephson S-N-S junction. A 200nm-thick film of InSb deposited on MgO had a mobility of 83 cm{sup 2}.V {center dot} s and a carrier density of 6.5 {times} 10{sup 17} cm{sup {minus}3} at 4.2K. The coherence length {xi}{sub n} was computed to be 17 nm from these experimental data, and we obtained critical superconducting current Ic of 100 {mu} A for the S-N-S junction which had a line width of 10{mu} m and a channel length of 20 nm.

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The interrelationship between the testing temperature and HfC strength increment of an arc-melted W-3.6Re-0.4HfC was determined from 1950 K to 2980 K in a vacuum of better than 1.3{times}10{sup {minus}5} Pa (10{sup {minus}7} torr). The present research was focused on the characteristic temperature at which the rapid coarsening of HfC particles occurred and the effect of the second-phase particle size on the high temperature strength properties of this material. It was found that the HfC particle strengthening was effective in a W-Re matrix up to a characteristic temperature of 2450 K in the short-term tensile test. Carbon was found to be the rate-limiting solute in the HfC particle growth. The strength of HfC strengthened alloy at temperature above 0.5 T{sub m} is proportional to the square root of particle volume fraction. The yield ...

CERN Document Server

Based on 58 million J/Psi events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC, the baryon pair processes J/Psi to $\\Sigma^+ \\bar{\\Sigma}^-$ and J/Psi to $\\Xi^0 \\bar{\\Xi}^0$ are observed for the first time. The branching fractions are measured to be ${\\cal B}(J/Psi to \\Sigma^+ \\bar{\\Sigma}^-)=(1.50\\pm 0.10\\pm 0.22)\\times 10^{-3}$ and ${\\cal B}(J/Psi to \\Xi^0 \\bar{\\Xi}^0)=(1.20\\pm 0.12\\pm 0.21)\\times 10^{-3}$, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors report a novel configuration for a zinc-particle, packed-bed anode in which an open structure of high hydraulic permeability is maintained indefinitely in a cell with closely spaced walls by the formation of particle bridges and associated gaps. The configuration minimizes electrolyte pumping costs, allows rapid refueling and partial recharge, and provides for 100% zinc consumption. This approach benefits zinc/air fuel batteries by allowing nearly continuous operation and fuel recycle without commercial infrastructure; it benefits Zn/[Fe(CN){sub 6}]{sup {minus}3} batteries by eliminating shape-change and polarization problems found with planar anodes.

CERN Document Server

We explore the relationship between the hard X-ray photon index $\\Gamma$ and the Eddington ratio (\\xi=L_{X}(0.5-25 keV)/L_{Edd}) in six XRBs. We find that different XRBs follow different anti-correlations between $\\Gamma$ and $\\xi$ when $\\xi$ is less than a critical value, while they follow the same positive correlation when $\\xi$ is larger than the critical value. This anti-correlation and positive correlation are also found in LLAGNs and QSOs respectively, and the anti-correlation and positive correlation of different XRBs roughly converge to the same point ($\\log \\xi=-2.1, \\Gamma=1.5$), which may correspond to the accretion mode transition, since that the anti-correlation and positive correlation are consistent with the prediction of ADAFs and standard disk/corona system respectively. The traditional low/hard state are divided into two parts by the cross point $\\log ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper explores effects of differential diffusion in nonpremixed turbulent jet flames. Pulsed Raman scattering spectroscopy is used to measure temperature and species concentrations in chemically reacting jets of H{sub 2}/CO{sub 2} into air, over a range of jet Reynolds numbers from 1,000 to 30,000 based on cold jet fluid properties. Results show significant effects of differential diffusion at all jet Reynolds numbers considered. Differential diffusion between H{sub 2} and C0{sub 2} produces differences between the hydrogen element mixture fraction ({xi}{sub H}) and the carbon element mixture fraction ({xi}{sub c}). The greatest effects occur on the rich side of stoichiometric, where {xi}{sub H} is observed to be smaller than {xi}{sub C} at all Reynolds numbers. Differential diffusion between H{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O creates a net flux of hydrogen element toward the stoichiometric contour and causes ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The half-life ({ital T}{sub 1/2}) and {ital g} factor of the 2002 keV 11{sup {minus}} isomer in the odd-odd nucleus {sup 92}Tc produced by the pulsed heavy-ion reaction {sup 68}Zn({sup 28}Si,{ital p}3{ital n}){sup 92}Tc have been measured using time differential perturbed angular distribution method. The measured {ital T}{sub 1/2} value is 3.15(20) ns. From the observed spin precession frequency {omega}{sub {ital L}} of a {sup 92}Tc recoil implanted into a ferromagnetic Ni host, we obtain the {ital g} factor to be 0.806(20). The measured value of the {ital g} factor is in good agreement with a shell model analysis carried out using {pi}({ital p}{sub 1/2}{ital g}{sub 9/2}) and {nu}({ital p}{sub 1/2}{ital g}{sub 9/2}) orbitals for the proton particles and neutron holes outside the {sup 88}Sr core. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

CERN Document Server

The mean-field pictures based on the standard time-dependent variational approach have widely been used in the study of nonlinear many-boson systems such as the Bose-Hubbard model. The mean-field schemes relevant to Gutzwiller-like trial states $|F>$, number-preserving states $|\\xi >$ and Glauber-like trial states $|Z>$ are compared to evidence the specific properties of such schemes. After deriving the Hamiltonian picture relevant to $|Z>$ from that based on $|F>$, the latter is shown to exhibit a Poisson algebra equipped with a Weyl-Heisenberg subalgebra which preludes to the $|Z>$-based picture. Then states $|Z>$ are shown to be a superposition of $\\cal N$-boson states $|\\xi>$ and the similarities/differences of the $|Z>$-based and $|\\xi>$-based pictures are discussed. Finally, after proving that the simple, symmetric state $|\\xi>$ indeed corresponds to a SU(M) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) has introduced a risk based approach into Section XI that covers Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components. The risk based approach requires application of the probabilistic risk assessments (PRA). Because no industry consensus standard existed for PRAs, ASME has developed a standard to evaluate the quality level of an available PRA needed to support a given risk based application. The paper describes the PRA standard, Section XI application of PRAs, and plans for broader applications of PRAs to other ASME nuclear codes and standards. The paper addresses several specific topics of interest to Section XI. Important consideration are special methods (surrogate components) used to overcome the lack of PRA treatments of passive components in PRAs. The approach allows calculations of conditional core damage ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By 1970 the first edition of the ASME Code Section XI, Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Coolant Systems was published. From its inception, the Section XI inservice inspection scope was based on a fundamental risk-based selection process. In other words the inservice inspection scope included components where the consequences of a pressure boundary failure were high. Once the consequence significant system boundaries were established, inspections would then be performed at locations believed to be most susceptible service induced failure. Current Section XI requirements require that inspection locations be selected on the basis of peak stress and fatigue usage values contained in the Design Reports. These original stress calculations were designed to qualify a design and assure that the plant would provide reliable service throughout its design life. For the most part, the fatigue usage values in these reports do not ...

Science.gov (United States)

The photopumped phonon-assisted laser operation (612 nm, 77 K) of a high-gapIn/sub 1/minus//ital y//(Al/sub /ital x//Ga/sub 1/minus//ital x//)/sub /ital y//P quantum wellheterostructure (QWH) lattice matched to GaAs (/ital y/approx.0.5) is identified usinga single rectangular sample that is shifted in its heat sinking from (a) low/ital Q/ when clamped onto Au (bare edges) to (b) high /ital Q/ when furthercompressed into Au with all four edges reflecting. For the low-/ital Q/ QWH samplephotopumped in a spot (partially photopumped), phonon-assisted laser operation(abrupt threshold, narrow spectrum) is observed on closely spaced end-to-endlaser modes ..delta../ital E/=/h bar/..omega../sub LO/approx.45--47 meV below the lowestconfined-particle transitions. For the /ital same/ sample shifted tohigh /ital Q/, edge-to-edge laser operation across the sample on confined-particletransitions is ''turned ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accelerator concepts for heavy-ion fusion require small emittance, high-current beams. Such applications could include funnels in which high-current, like-charged particle beams are interlaced to double beam current while retaining small emittances. The first experimental demonstration confirming the beam dynamics of the funnel principle was recently completed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A single-leg prototype 5-MeV, H{sup {minus}} funnel was successfully tested. This single-beam demonstration explored physics issues of a two-beam funnel. It contained elements for emittance control, position control, and rf deflection, as well as diagnostics for measurement of beam intensity, position and angle centroids, energy and phase centroids, and transverse and longitudinal phase-space distributions. Results of the experiment will be presented along with comparisons to simulations. 7 refs., 5 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

... Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata 4 Common (lesser) burdock Arctium minus 6 Giant reed Arundo donax 7 ... Common (lesser) burdock (Arctium minus) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When one deals with a plasma column whose radius a is much smaller than its length L, one can think of it as of a thin filament whose kink instability can be adequately described simply by a 2D displacement vector, {xi}{sub x} = {xi}{sub s}(z,t); {xi}{sub y} = {xi}{sub y}(z,t). Details of the internal structure of the column such as the current, density, and axial flow velocity distribution would be lumped into some phenomenological parameters. This approach is particularly efficient in the problems with non-ideal (sheath) boundary conditions (BC) at the end electrodes, with the finite plasma resistivity, and with a substantial axial flow. With the sheath BC imposed at one of the end-plates, we find instability in the domain well below the classical Kruskal-Shafranov limit. The presence of an axial flow causes the onset of rotation of the kink and strong axial ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of pentaamminerhodium(III) complexes, Rh(NH/sub 3/)/sub 5/Z/sup n+/, has been prepared with 80% enrichment in /sup 15/N (Z = H/sub 2/O, OH/sup /minus//, Cl/sup /minus//, Br/sup /minus//, I/sup /minus//, NH/sub 3/, /minus/ONO/sup /minus//, /minus/NO/sub 2//sup /minus//, /minus/NCS/sup /minus//, /minus/SCN/sup /minus//, /minus/NCO/sup /minus//, CN/sup /minus//). The /sup 1/H-decoupled /sup 15/N NMR spectra show two doublets (from coupling to /sup 103/Rh) with approximate intensity ratio 4:1. /delta//sub N/ and /sup 1/J(rh-N) are sensitive to Z, especially for the unique amine trans to Z. Good correlations exist between /delta//sub N/ in this series of /delta//sub N/ in ...

Science.gov (United States)

The following thermal-neutron fission cross sections have been measured in the thermal column of the Materials "Testing Reactor at Idaho Falls, Idaho: Pu/ sup 238/, 18.4 plus or minus 0.9 b; Am/sup 241/, 3.13 plus or minus 0.15 b; Am/sup 245/, 6390 plus or minus 500 b; Am/sup 243/, <0.072 b Cm/sup 243/, 690 plus or minus 50 b; Cm/sup 245/, 1880 plus or minus 150 b. In addition, a pile neutron capture cross section of 520 plus or minus 40 b has been measured for Pu/sup 238/. (auth)

CERN Document Server

Particle Swarm Optimization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biosorption of the heavy metal ion Cd{sup 2+} by protonated nonliving brown alga Sargassum fluitans biomass was accompanied by the release of hydrogen protons from the biomass. The uptake of cadmium and the release of proton matched each other throughout the biosorption process. The end-point titration methodology was used to maintain the constant pH 4.0 for developing the dynamic sorption rate. The sorption isotherm could be well represented by the Langmuir sorption model. A mass transfer model assuming the intraparticle diffusion in a one-dimensional thin plate as a controlling step was developed to describe the overall biosorption rate of cadmium ions in flat seaweed biomass particles. The overall biosorption mathematical model equations were solved numerically yielding the effective diffusion coefficient D{sub e} about 3.5 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} cm{sup 2}/s. This value matches that obtained for the desorption process and is approximately ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study the production of three gauge bosons ([ital W][sup +][ital W][sup [minus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... correlation beta-minus decay coincidence spectrometry experimental data

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess interinstitutional variations in planning for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer before the start of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0403 trial.Methods and Materials: Eleven institutions created virtual plans for four cases of solitary lung cancer. The created plans should satisfy the target definitions and the dose constraints for the JCOG 0403 protocol.Results: FOCUS/XiO (CMS) was used in six institutions, Eclipse (Varian) in 3, Cadplan (Varian) in one, and Pinnacle3 (Philips/ADAC) in one. Dose calculation algorithms of Clarkson with effective path length correction and superposition were used in FOCUS/XiO; pencil beam convolution with Batho power law correction was used in Eclipse and Cadplan; and collapsed co...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The growth and properties of Si{sub 1{minus}y}C{sub y} and Si{sub 1{minus}x{minus}y}Ge{sub x}C{sub y} alloys pseudomorphically strained on Si(001) will be reviewed. Although the bulk solubility of carbon in silicon is small, epitaxial layers with more than 1 at.% C can be fabricated. The relation between substitutional and interstitial carbon incorporation will be presented. Substitutionally incorporated C atoms allow strain manipulation, including the growth of strain-free or inversely strained Si{sub 1{minus}x{minus}y}Ge{sub x}C{sub y} layers. The mechanical properties, microscopic structure, thermal stability, as well as the influence of C atoms on band structure will be discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Accounts are given of the history of coal liquefaction research and projects (indirect liquefaction, direct liquefaction, plus the recent state of Japanese developments and of process development), and of the significance of the petroleum age, the energy crisis and of coal liquefaction itself. (10 refs.) (In Japanese)

Science.gov (United States)

... $84JAN07X 133 147.654 ps 56 fs/s RMS_DEL: $95NOV21DX 607 144.552 ps 208 ...... $86MAR09XI 378 34.285 ps 77 fs/s RMS_DEL: $95MAR23XA 1628 34.270 ps 223 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hydrogenolysis of quinoline was carried out using red mud catalyst at 390{degree}C and 450{degree}C to study denitrogenation reaction in the first stage liquefaction of coal. Quinoline was decomposed to ammonia via 1-THQ or hydrogenated to 5-THQ. The reaction rate constants obtained at 390{degree}C were k{sub 1} = 1.83 {times} 10{sup {minus}6}, k{sub 2} = 1.16 {times} 10{sup {minus}7}, and k{sub 3} = 3.24 {times} 10{sup {minus}7} mol {center dot} dm{sup {minus}3} {center dot} min{sup {minus}1} {center dot} g {center dot} {sup {minus}1}. The rate constants for hydrogenation of quinoline were in the order of hexadecane > trans-decalin > 1-methylnaphthalene. Ratios of equilibrium adsorption constant between trans-decalin and quinoline and between 1-methylnaphthalene and quinoline were found to be 0.055 and 0.155 respectively. The equilibrium constant of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study the constraints on the anomalous coupling {ital g}{sub 5}{sup {ital Z}} that can be obtained from the analysis of the reaction {gamma}{gamma}{r_arrow}{ital W}{sup +}{ital W}{sup {minus}}{ital Z} at future linear {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} colliders. We find out that a 0.5 (1) TeV {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} collider operating in the {gamma}{gamma} mode can probe values of {ital g}{sub 5}{sup {ital Z}} of the order of 0.15 (4.5{times}10{sup {minus}2}) for an integrated luminosity of 10 fb{sup {minus}1}. This shows that the ability to search for this anomalous interaction of the {gamma}{gamma} mode is better than the one of the usual {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} mode, and it is similar to the ability of the {ital e}{gamma} mode.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A small, permanent-magnet insert structure for the removal of electrons from pulsed, extracted, negative ion beams has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The device was computer modeled and designed for an extraction field strength of 3 kV/mm. The testing was carried out with a rf driven multicusp ion source optimized for the production of H{sup {minus}} ions and pulsed at a few Hz with pulse widths of several hundreds of {mu}s. It is demonstrated that the insert structure together with a collar can remove over 98{percent} of electrons from the extracted H{sup {minus}} ion beam without any significant deterioration of the H{sup {minus}} ion output. Application to other negative ion beams can be expected from this magnetic collar insert. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The resistance to pitting of a Fe-17%Cr alloy in Cl[sup [minus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of hydrogen adsorption capacity by activated charcoal has been made at a pressure minus than 10/sup -4/ Pa and at 18 K.

Science.gov (United States)

... perennials; the dominant species included, in order of their relative importance, Polygonum lapathifolium (C = 0 Heartsease), Arctium minus (C = 0 ...

CERN Document Server

Given a Gibbs point process $\\P^{\\Psi}$ on $\\R^d$ having a weak enough potential $\\Psi$, we consider the random measures $\\mu_\\la := \\sum_{x \\in \\P^{\\Psi} \\cap Q_\\la} \\xi(x, \\P^{\\Psi} \\cap Q_\\la) \\delta_{x/\\la^{1/d}}$, where $Q_{\\la} := [-\\la^{1/d}/2,\\la^{1/d}/2]^d$ is the volume $\\la$ cube and where $\\xi(\\cdot,\\cdot)$ is a translation invariant stabilizing functional. Subject to $\\Psi$ satisfying a localization property and translation invariance, we establish weak laws of large numbers for $\\la^{-1} \\mu_\\la(f)$, $f$ a bounded test function on $\\R^d$, and weak convergence of $\\la^{-1/2} \\mu_\\la(f),$ suitably centered, to a Gaussian field acting on bounded test functions. The result yields limit laws for geometric functionals on Gibbs point processes including the Strauss and area interaction point processes as well as more general point processes defined by the Widom-Rowlinson and hard-core model. We provide ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cerium [ital L][sub 3] XANES (x-ray-absorption near-edge-structure) spectra were analyzed to separate Ce moment contributions and mixed valence (MV) in complex magnetic silicides CePd[sub 2[minus][ital x

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using adsorption data, the authors get formulas for the calculation of fractal dimensions: log[A{sub CO{sub 2}(DP)}/A{sub N{sub 2}(BET)}] = {minus}5.3984(2 {minus} D{sub 1})/2 and log[A{sub CO{sub 2}(BET)}/A{sub N{sub 2}(BET)}] = {minus}4.9569(2 {minus} D{sub 2})/2. The fractal dimensions (D) of 27 coals and 2 cokes have been obtained. The D of coals decreased with the increase of f{sub a} and reached a maximum at H/C equal to 0.66 (or C{sub daf} about 86%). The fractal dimension is relative to ash and volatiles of coal: D = 2.2237 + 0.6249 V{sub daf} + 0.8863 A{sub d}. The relationship between D of coal coke and its conversions (X) obeys the following equation: D = a exp({minus}bX) + c.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adsorpt1on of CH[sub 4] and coadsorption of CH[sub 4] and CO on differently treated magnesium oxide have been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy at 173-273 K. Five IR bands at 3008, 3000, 2900, 2890, and approximately 1306 cm[sup [minus]1] were observed when well-outgassed MgO was exposed to CH[sub 4] at 173 K. The bands at 3008 and 3000 cm[sup [minus]1] are assigned to a degenerate stretch vibration of CH[sub 4], and those at 2900 and 2890 cm[sup [minus]1] originate from an infrared-forbidden mode at 2917 cm[sup [minus]1] of free CH[sub 4]. These bands became noticeably stronger with the outgassing temperature of MgO but could be sufficiently reduced as MgO was pretreated in air or under water vapor. Adsorbed CO on MgO gives two IR bands at 2161 and 2155 cm[sup [minus]1] which exhibit a parallel variation with those bands of adsorbed CH[sub 4] with the different pretreatments of MgO. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report experimental evidence of a previously unseen species-dependent effect in the transverse emittances of momentum-analyzed {sup 28}Si{sup {minus}}, {sup 58}Ni{sup {minus}}, and {sup 197}Au{sup {minus}} negative-ion beams generated by cesium-ion sputtering. The differences in the emittances are found to be principally correlated with differences in the energy spreads in the respective ion beams, which have their origins in the sputter-ejection negative-ion formation process. The experimental equipment and techniques utilized for emittance data acquisition and analysis, and evidence for a species-dependent effect in the emittances and brightnesses of the subject ion beams, are presented in this paper.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Replication of plus-strand RNA viruses depends on host factors that are recruited into viral replicase complexes. Previous studies showed that eukaryotic translation elongation factor (eEF1A) is one...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a supersymmetric renormalization group fixed point determination of the third generation fermion masses, in which the large mass ratio between the top and bottom quarks is attributed to a hierarchy in the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets. Above a supersymmetry breaking scale, M{sub s}, we use the minimal supersymmetric standard model with a transition at M{sub s} to the standard model with only one Higgs- doublet effective. The mass predictions result from renormalization group evolution of large Yukawa couplings at M{sub x} {approximately} 1016 GeV. Averaging over a wide range of these couplings, not subject to any symmetry requirements, gives m{sub t} = 184.3{plus_minus}6.8 GeV, m{sub b} = 4.07{plus_minus}0.33 GeV, m{sub {tau}} = 1.78{plus_minus}0.33 GeV and a light Higgs mass m{sub h}o = 121.8{plus_minus}4.3 GeV for M{sub s} = 1 TeV and {alpha}{sub s} (M{sub z}) = 0.125.

Science.gov (United States)

The beta titanium alloy, however, can be d_,_wn. _,plusor minus 0.010-inch_after the parts have been cold. Its availability in strip lengths and its good ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}P layers (0 {le} x {le} 0.7), with thicknesses of {ge}1 {micro}m were grown on Si (100) wafers by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) at 450 C. Transmission electron micrographs of the single crystal films revealed that the microstructure contains stacking faults and microtwins especially near the interface as well as both threading and misfit dislocations. Hardness and elastic modulus were measured using a Nanotest 500 indenter, which can probe the film properties without influence from the substrate. The hardness H varies linearly according to (11.8 {minus} 2.3x) GPa. The absence of alloy hardening is due to the fact that there is no difference in atomic size of Al and Ga. The indentation modulus E/(1{minus}v{sup 2}) decreases monotonically from 136 GPa for GaP to 129 GPa for Al{sub 0.7}Ga{sub 0.3}P and bows only slightly (about 2%) below the straight line of linear interpolation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The inhibiting effects of two mineral compounds on corrosion of nickel in phosphoric acid (H[sub 3]PO[sub 4]) polluted by sulfide ions (S[sup 2[minus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A wood/polymer composite was produced by impregnating Ramin wood with methyl methacrylate monomer and subsequently polymerizing it by gamma irradiation. To assess the improvement in compression strength of the wood caused by the polymer impregnation, a microbuckling compression failure mechanism was used to model the compression failure of the composite. Such a mechanism was found to predict a linear relationship between the compression strength and the percentage polymer impregnation (by weight). Uniaxial compression test results at 45({plus minus}5)% and 90({plus minus}5)% relative humidity levels, after being statistically analysed, showed that such a linear relationship was valid for up to 100% polymer impregnation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The design of a reaction cell which permits the investigation of the sorption kinetics of microcomponents without separation of the phases under automated condition has been described. The use of thin-layer inorganic sorbents obtained by depositing films of a sorbing substance from aqueous solutions on flat substrates of small thickness makes it possible to determine the extent of sorption even at small values in the case of /beta/ emitters with a low energy and /alpha/ emitters. Detailed observation of the kinetics of isotopic exchange in the CdS-/sup 115m/Cd-HNO/sub 3/ system has made it possible to reveal at least four stages in the process during the time of observation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using the Laser-Fluorescence technique, an investigation was made, adopting the standard mix method, on trace uranium concentrations in hot spring water and geothermal water from Lishan region, and in tap water from some major cities in Shanxi province. Totally 40 samples from 27 sites were investigated. Measurement showed that the tap water contains around 10"-"6 g/L of uranium, whose concentrations in both hot spring water and geothermal water are 10"-"5 g/L. Most of samples are at normal radioactive background level, some higher contents were determined in a few samples

Science.gov (United States)

The zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (W) structures are the most common crystal forms of binary octet semiconductors. In this work we have developed a simple scaling that systematizes the {ital T}=0 energy difference {Delta}{ital E}{sub W{minus}ZB} between W and ZB for all simple binary semiconductors. We have first calculated the energy difference {Delta}{ital E}{sub W{minus}ZB}{sup LDF}({ital AB}) for AlN, GaN, InN, AlP, AlAs, GaP, GaAs, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, C, and Si using a numerically precise implementation of the first-principles local-density formalism (LDF), including structural relaxations. We then find a {ital linear} scaling between {Delta}{ital E}{sub W{minus}ZB}{sup LDF}({ital AB}) and an atomistic orbital-radii coordinate {ital {tilde R}}({ital A},{ital B}) that depends only on the properties of the free atoms {ital A} and {ital B} making up the binary compound {ital AB}. Unlike classical structural coordinates ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nanocrystalline processing by inert gas condensation has the inherent advantages of generating: (1) high surface area nanoclusters, (2) non-stoichiometric oxides, and (3) high dispersions of dopants. This approach is exploited in the synthesis of fluorite-structured catalysts for SO{sub 2} reduction by CO. Nanocrystalline CeO{sub 2{minus}x}, La-doped CeO{sub 2{minus}x}, and Cu-doped CeO{sub 2{minus}x} were produced by magnetron sputtering from a pure or mixed metal target, followed by controlled oxidation of the metallic clusters. The as-prepared doped and undoped nanocrystalline CeO{sub 2{minus}x} materials were found to be excellent catalysts for complete SO{sub 2} conversion to elemental sulfur. Undoped nanocrystalline CeO{sub 2{minus}x} enabled light-off at 460 C, a temperature {approximately} 120 C lower than that over polycrystalline CeO{sub 2}, which is a novel effective ...

CERN Document Server

Flawless start for world's mightiest particle collider

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dose-response studies of the radiosensitivity of spermatogonial stem cells in various epithelial stages after irradiation with graded doses of fission neutrons of 1 MeV mean energy were carried out in the Cpb-N mouse. These studies on the stem cell population in stages IX-XI yielded simple exponential lines characterized by an average D0 value of 0.76 +/- 0.02 Gy. In the subsequent epithelial stages XII-III, a significantly lower D0 value of 0.55 +/- 0.02 Gy was found. In contrast to the curves obtained for stem cells in stages IX-III, the curves obtained in stages IV-VIII indicated the presence of a mixture of radioresistant and radiosensitive stem cells. In stage VII, almost no radioresistant stem cells appeared to be present and a D0 value for the radiosensitive stem cells of 0.22 +/- 0.01 Gy was derived. Previously, data were obtained on the size of colonies (in number of spermatogonia) derived from surviving stem cells. Combining these data with data from the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to understand the resistance of passive films formed during corrosion processes, an analytical technique using x-ray diffraction was developed to examine the structure of metal in closest proximity to the metal/liquid interface. The in-situ structure at the metal liquid interface was examined for 90 % copper and 10 % nickel (90-10 Cu-Ni) in KOH solution at room temperature and at four different potentistatically controlled potentials ({minus}0.5 V, {minus}0.1 V, +0.5 V and +0.10 V versus Ni/NiO). The chemical changes at the metal interface were studied over a period of 48 hours. It was found that the integrity of the 90-10 Cu-Ni foil in KOH was lost after a continued application of the potential over 48 hours. The x-ray diffraction results indicated that the structure of both the inner and the outer passive layers, at {minus}0.5V and {minus}0.1 V (versus Ni/NiO), is comprised of Ni(OH){sub 2}, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The risk to human health from fragments of depleted uranium (DU) at Jefferson Proving Ground (JPG) was estimated using two types of ecosystem pathway models. A steady-state, model of the JPG area was developed to examine the effects of DU in soils, water, and vegetation on deer that were hunted and consumed by humans. The RESRAD code was also used to estimate the effects of farming the impact area and consuming the products derived from the farm. The steady-state model showed that minimal doses to humans are expected from consumption of deer that inhabit the impact area. Median values for doses to humans range from about 1 mrem ({plus_minus}2.4) to 0.04 mrem ({plus_minus}0.13) and translate to less than 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} detriments (excess cancers) in the population. Monte Carlo simulation of the steady-state model was used to derive the probability distributions from which the median values were drawn. Sensitivity ...

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The acid-base behavior of the ground and excited states of Pt(qdt){sub 2}{sup 2{minus}} and Pt(phen)(qdt), where qdt=quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, has been studied. The pH-dependent changes in the charge-transfer absorption and emission spectra for both complexes are attributed to protonation of the quinoxalinedithiolate ligand at the imine nitrogen. For Pt(qdt){sub 2}{sup 2{minus}}, single protonation leads to a large red shift (2582 cm{sup {minus}1}) of the low-energy charge-transfer-to-dithiolate absorption band and the emergence of a new red-shifted emission feature at 728 nm. In solutions of pH below 6, a second protonation takes place at the other qdt ligand, yielding Pt-(Hqdt){sub 2}. This neutral complex has been isolated and characterized by {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The ground-state basicity constants of the two protonation steps have been determined from ...

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We study double Higgs boson production at future linear colliders while paying special attention to the option of high-energy and high-luminosity photon beams. The main purpose is to examine the feasibility of {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}, {gamma}{ital e}, and {gamma}{gamma} colliders in order to establish bounds on the value of triple Higgs coupling, which could be crucial for understanding a spontaneous breaking mechanism. We consider mainly those cases of light and intermediate Higgs bosons, including an analysis of the electroweak backgrounds. The mass range {ital M}{sub {ital H}}{approximately}{ital M}{sub {ital Z}} is discussed separately. It is shown that for a light Higgs boson the {ital H}{sup 3} coupling can be visible, even at a future linear {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} collider at 500 GeV. For an intermediate Higgs boson, a collider with TeV energies is suitable for investigations. We estimate the bounds on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies are made on electrode behaviors of hydride ion in eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt by various electrochemical methods. As a result, it is confirmed and clarified, by cyclic voltammetry, that anode reaction of hydride ion exists and it is a diffusion-controlled, reversible and one-electron reaction. Also, generation of hydrogen gas is confirmed by a potentiostatic electrolysis, and the electrolysis in the current efficiency of about 95% is possible by controlling electric potential. Moreover, results of chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry show that hydride ion is anodically oxidized by the diffusion controlling reaction and the reaction itself is reversible. Results of cyclic voltammetry indicate that a diffusion constant D{sub H} {sup {minus}} equals 3.0 {times}10 {sup {minus}5}cm{sup 2}{center dot}S{sup {minus}1} (425 centigrade). This value corresponds well to the values estimated from chronopotentiometry and ...

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The Kernel Polynomial Method (KPM) has been successfully applied to tight-binding electronic structure calculations as an O(N) method. Here the authors extend this method to nonorthogonal basis sets with a sparse overlap matrix S and a sparse Hamiltonian H. Since the KPM method utilizes matrix vector multiplications it is necessary to apply S{sup {minus}1}H onto a vector. The multiplication of S{sup {minus}1} is performed using a preconditioned conjugate gradient method and does not involve the explicit inversion of S. Hence the method scales the same way as the original KPM method, i.e. O(N), although there is an overhead due to the additional conjugate gradient part. The authors show an application of this method to defects in a titanate/platinum interface and to a large scale electronic structure calculation of amorphous diamond.

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Data are presented on the continuous-wave (cw), room-temperature (300 K) operation of stripe-geometry In{sub 0.5}(Al{sub {ital x}}Ga{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}){sub 0.5}P quantum-well heterostructure lasers defined via hydrogenation. Passivation of the Zn acceptors in the cap and upper confining layer provides gain guiding, and elimination of the current-blocking oxide reduces the thermal impedance. The resultant device is capable of better performance than conventional oxide-stripe diodes fabricated on the same material.

Science.gov (United States)

The authors have studied (Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}){sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P doped with tellurium using deep level transient spectroscopy and associated electrical measurements. Several defect states are observed in the upper half of the band gap, that are believed to be intrinsic to the alloy system as well as related to the tellurium donors. Defects observed at measurement temperatures above 390 K exhibit a hysteretic behavior. The observed spectra depend on the biasing conditions applied to the Schottky diode during cooling. The hysteretic behavior suggests the existence of different defect configurations, which can be accessed under conditions of high temperatures and electrical stress, but remain stable below 300 K.

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This paper describes the dielectric and accelerated aging tests on prototype {plus minus}500 kV dc oil-filled self-contained cables. The extensive test program was required to evaluate the High-Voltage cables for the St. Lawrence river crossing of the {plus minus}500 kV Quebec-New England HVDC power transmission system. The paper relates the main elements of the test program. It describes the required insulation levels, the characteristics of the cables supplied by three different manufacturers, as well as the cables' installation for the type tests and accelerated aging tests. Details of the test program and procedures followed to carry out the tests are given. Findings of the tests are also reported.

Science.gov (United States)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laser Doppler velocimetry and other photometric techniques are evaluated for measuring the average particle velocity in an ensemble of free-falling particles. The ability to obtain measurements in the presence of a radiant flux as high as 0.6 MW/m/sup 2/ was part of the evaluation. Optically dissimilar particles with diameters ranging from 0.1 mm to 1 mm were used in the study. Experimental results indicate that ensembles of particles do not behave as single isolated particles. The particle motion is dependent on particle volume fraction, and is quite unstable for falls greater than one meter.

CERN Multimedia

Small world when building a particle detector prototype, the devil is in the tiny details

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present state of investigations into the fragmentation of target nuclei by particles and nuclei of intermediate and high energies is reviewed.

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The radiosensitivity of spermatogonial stem cells of C3H/HeHx101/H F[sub 1] hybrid mice was determined by counting undifferentiated spermatogonia at 10 days after X-irradiation. During the spermatogenic cycle, differences in radiosensitivity were found, which were correlated with the proliferative activity of the spermatogonial stem cells. In stage VIII[sub irr], during quiescence, the spermatogonial stem cells were most radiosensitive with a D[sub 0] of 1.4 Gy. In stages XI[sub irr]-V[sub irr], when the cells were proliferatively active, the D[sub 0] was about 2.6 Gy. Based on the D[sub 0] values for sensitive and resistant spermatogonia and on the D[sub 0] for the total population, a ratio of 45:55% of sensitive to resistant spermatogonial stem cells was estimated for cell killing. When the present data were compared with data on translocation induction obtained in mice of the same genotype, a close fit was obtained when the translocation yield (Y; in % abnormal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The overall objective of the study in this report was to gather data on waste management technologies to allow comparison of various alternatives for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). The specific objectives of the study were to: 1. Compile detailed data for existing waste management technologies on costs, environmental releases, energy requirements and production, and coproducts such as recycled materials and compost. Identify missing information necessary to make energy, economic, and environmental comparisons of various MSW management technologies, and define needed research that could enhance the usefulness of the technology. 3. Develop a data base that can be used to identify the technology that best meets specific criteria defined by a user of the data base. Volume I contains the report text. Volume II contains supporting exhibits. Volumes III through X are appendices, each addressing a specific MSW management technology. Volumes XI and XII contain ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first study in this dissertation describes the development of a suppressed ion chromatographic (SIC) technique for the direct, simultaneous determination of the As and Se oxyanions in soil solution. Baseline resolution of 1 mg L[sup [minus]1] each of arsenite, arsenate, selenite, and selenate was achieved in the presence of 50 mg L[sup [minus]1] each of F, Cl, NO[sub 3]-N, SO[sub 4]-S, and PO[sub 4]-P. Detection limits ranged from 0.026 mg L[sup [minus]1] for selenite to 0.120 mg L[sup [minus]1] for arsenate. The accuracy of the SIC technique was verified by comparison to spectroscopic methods. The second study investigated the suitability of linear-plateau regression analysis for statistical evaluation of As adsorption data. The time required to reach the adsorption plateau depended on soil characteristics and As species. Identification of the adsorption plateau by the linear-plateau model allowed ...

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A model for generating the observed cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum in plasma consisting mainly of electron--positron pairs (n/sub plus-or-minus//n/sub p/> or approx. =10) is discussed. Coulomb collisions in the plasma would cause additional energy losses, significantly enhancing the antiproton flux at energies < or approx. =1 GeV. The computed p-bar/p ratio satisfactorily fits the observations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The {ital L}{sub 2}-{ital L}{sub 3} Coster-Kronig transition probability ({ital f}{sub 23}) in Tm was measured by multiparameter {ital K} versus {ital L} x-ray coincidence techniques. The Tm x rays were obtained from a radioactive source of {sup 169}Yb and were detected with cooled germanium and silicon detectors of high-energy resolution. Corrections were applied for the contribution of {ital K}{alpha}{sub 1} x rays to the {ital K}{alpha}{sub 2} x-ray peak and for the contribution of unresolved {ital L}{eta} x rays to the {ital L}{alpha}{sub 1,2} x-ray peak. The contribution of {ital K}{alpha}{sub 1} x rays to the {ital K}{alpha}{sub 2} x-ray peak was determined solely from the results of the coincidence measurements using a method of data analysis which was previously described elsewhere. The contribution of {ital L}{eta} x rays to the {ital L}{alpha}{sub 1,2} x-ray peak was determined from the coincidence measurements and published values of the {ital L}{eta} to {ital L}{beta}{sub ...

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The structure of hydroxylated oxide films (passive films) formed on Cr(110) in 0.5 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} at +0.35, +0.55, and +0.75 V/SHE has been investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Cathodic reduction pretreatments at {minus}0.54, {minus}0.64, and {minus}0.74 V/SHE destroy the well-defined topography of the single-crystal electrode and they have been excluded from the passivation procedure. Two different passive film structures have been observed, depending on the potential and time of passivation. At low potential (+0.35 V/SHE), the passive film, consisting mostly of chromium hydroxide, has a noncrystalline and granular structure whose roughness suggests local variations of thickness of ca. {+-} 0.5 nm. A similar structure is observed at higher potential (+0.55 V/SHE), but only for a short polarization time. For longer polarization at 0.55 V/SHE, and at higher potentials (+0.75 V/SHE), a crystalline ...

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This document describes measurements of the directional spectral emittance of four ceramic mold materials. The work was performed with the samples at {approximately} 900{degree}C in a vacuum vessel pumped to {approximately}3 {times} 10{sup {minus}6}Torr. Results conform to expectations derived from prior work done with similar samples.

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Effective doses from {sup 210}Po intake with caribou meat were determined for human residents in Baker Lake and Snowdrift in the Northwest Territories of Canada and compared to doses calculated from reported {sup 210}Po tissue activities in Alaskan and British residents. Effective doses were calculated to separate body tissues, using ICRP 60 human weighting factors and the ICRP 30 metabolic model for {sup 210}Po. Baker Lake and Alaskan effective doses were similar at 0.4 mSv y{sup {minus}1} and slightly higher than Snowdrift doses (0.3 mSv y{sup {minus}1}). Alaskan tissue activities indicated higher effective doses to liver, bone surfaces and red marrow and lower doses to spleen than the {sup 210}Po metabolic model (ICRP 1979a) predicts. Effective doses to Baker Lake and Snowdrift caribou and wolves, calculated from tissue activities, ranged from 7-20 mSv y{sup {minus}1} using human weighting factors for comparison to human ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The phenomenon of runaway electrons (REs) at high values of the ratio field intensity/gas number density {ital E}/{ital N} and {ital N} up to the Loshmidt number {ital N}{sub {ital L}}{approx_equal}2.7{times}10{sup 19} cm{sup {minus}3} is described. REs are shown to govern the breakdown and discharges at such condition. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

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The rate coefficient for the title reaction has been determined using mixtures of nitric acid (HNO{sub 3}), carbon monoxide (CO), and argon in incident shock wave experiments. Upon shock heating, the nitric acid rapidly decomposes into OH and NO{sub 2}. The OH subsequently reacts predominantly via the title reaction. Quantitative OH time histories were obtained by continuous-wave (cw) narrow-linewidth UV laser absorption of the R{sub 1}(5) line of the A{sup 2}{Sigma}{sup +} {l_arrow} X{sup 2}{Pi}{sub i} (0,0) transition at 32,606.56 cm{sup {minus}1} (vacuum). In some experiments, helium was added to the reactant mixture to examine CO vibrational excitation effects on the rate coefficient determination. It was found that the rate of excited CO (v = 1) with OH is less than the rate of ground-state CO (v = 0) with OH, which is in agreement with previous state-dependent work. The experiments were conducted over the temperature range 1,090--2,370 K and the pressure ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biomass combustion is an important part in a sustainable energy system, but as well a source of submicron (particles < 1 #mu#m) particles in the air. Consequently, to obtain a good air quality together with increased biomass combustion there is a need for a better understanding of particle formation. This work is a part of a larger project about formation and emissions of particles from biofuel combustion. The report includes the work performed in the project during the year 2004. The aim of the project is to describe the release of inorganic components, which cause particle emissions, during combustion of single fuel particles of biofuel, e.g. wood pellets. The work is carried out by emission measurements, systematic combustion experiments and modelling work. The results are expected to contribute to the understanding of which parameters that influence the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A composition of matter to treat particles entrained in flue gas, is described comprising: a caustic liquid used to adjust resistivity of the entrained particles; and inert particulate matter supporting the caustic liquid for inhibiting chemical action of the caustic liquid until used to adjust the resistivity of the entrained particles, the inert particulate matter supporting sufficient caustic liquid to adjust the resistivity of the entrained particles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model is available in predicting flocculation frequencies between particles of various properties under the influence of a magnetic field. This model provides a basic understanding of fundamental phenomena, such as particle-particle and particle-collector interactions, occurring in HGMF (high gradient magnetic field), and will be extended to describe experimental data of particle flocculation and filtration and predict the performance of high- gradient magnetic filters. It is also expected that this model will eventually lead to a tool for design and optimization of magnetic filters for environmental, metallurgical, biochemical, and other applications.

CERN Multimedia

"American dominance in the study and development of high-energy particle physics may be seriously compromised, according to a report issued by the National Academy of Sciences, unless efforts are made to ensure that the next high-energy particle accelerator - the International Linear Collider (ILC) - will be constructed in the U.S.

CERN Document Server

We calculate the Bogolubov coefficients for a metric which describes the snapping of a cosmic string. If we insist on a matching condition for all times {\\it and} a particle interpretation, we find no particle creation.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The authors' laboratory, using histochemicalmethods, previously identified two types of cholesterol-containing lipid particles in the extracellular spaces of human atherosclerotic lesions, one particle...Full Text Available

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Ferrography is a technique for isolating wear particle debris from lubricating and hydraulic oils, the presence of which carry with them a history of the wear processes in the machine. Thus, the technique has fundamental applications in machine condition monitoring and failure prevention. The wear particles are significant in the metal types that are present in the particle distribution as an indication of the wearing machine components and in the particle size distribution and morphology which indicates the severity of wear in the system. In this paper, the fundamental principles which describe the working of the ferrograph, concentrating on the working of the on-line ferrograph are discussed. The significance of equilibrium particle concentration in the oil system and its measurement using the ferrograph are also discussed.

Science.gov (United States)

May 11, 2011 ... The Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) measures the type, amount, energy, and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian 1984. p. 353. USSR Smirnov, AV Antropov, AE Zarubin, PP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mar 1982. p. 36-37. Germany Didelez, JP Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of the coated composite surface of particles on the mechanical properties of the powder bed was investigated. Polyethylene-silica surface composite powder was prepared at several coating ratios with Hybridizer. Various tests on mechanical properties of the powder bed were carried out with the prepared powder, and the following results were obtained: The ultimate tensile strength depends only on the cohesive force between particles, and the contact probability model of composite particles led to good agreement between the experimental and calculated values. The coefficient of internal friction and cohesive shear strength were influenced due to the interlocking effect of the surface roughness of composite particles. The effects of coating particles became small with dynamic properties like angle of repose. It is possible to control the mechanical properties in a step wise ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the troposphere and exert an important influence on global climate and the environment. They affect climate through scattering, transmission, and absorption of...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The difficulty in making good Ohmic contact at the interfaces with p-doped ZnSe is an important problem hindering the realization of blue-light-emitting diode lasers based on the II-VI semiconductor technology. So far no metal or semiconductor material has been found to have a low enough barrier at the (001) interface with ZnSe. A possible solution to this problem is the insertion of a so-called {ital barrier-reduction layer} at the interface with ZnSe. We have investigated the interface formation energies and valence-band offsets at the (001) interface between Al{sub x}Ga{sub 0.5{minus}x}In{sub 0.5}P and ZnSe. The results of our calculations show the existence of a strong interdependence between the valence-band offset and the interface geometric structure. The interface is found to have structural and electronic similarities to the GaAs-ZnSe(001) system. The very low values obtained for the valence-band offset confirm the possibility of using this material as a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron diffraction from molten K{sub x}Te{sub 1{minus}x} is reported for x = 0.12 and x = 0.50 semiconducting alloys. The measured radial distribution functions (rdf) demonstrate the persistence of covalently bonded tellurium in the liquid. The rdf of the liquid K{sub 0.12}Te{sub 0.88}, which is dominated by the Te-Te contribution, is remarkably similar to that of pure liquid tellurium, the notable exception being that the nearest neighbor peak is largely resolved and found to have a coordination number slightly less than 2. The K{sub 0.50}Te{sub 0.50} rdf clearly indicates Te-Te pairing in the melt, and unexpected departure from the presumed similar Cu{sub 0.50}Te{sub 0.50}. These paired tellurium are most likely of the form (Te{sub 2}){sup 2{minus}} Zintl ions.

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(Al{sub y}Ga{sub 1{minus}y}){sup 1{minus}x}In{sub x}P semiconductor alloys lattice-matched to GaAs are widely used in visible optoelectronic devices. One of the most recent developments in this area is the AlGaInP-based red vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). These lasers, which employ AlGaInP active regions and AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), have demonstrated continuous-wave (CW) lasing over the 630--690 nm region of the spectrum. Applications for these lasers include plastic fiber data communications, laser printing and bar code scanning. In this paper, the authors present an overview of recent developments in the processing and performance of AlGaInP based VCSELs. This overview will include a review of the general heterostructure designs that have been employed, as well as the performance of lasers fabricated by both ion implantation and selective oxidation.

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The {beta}-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}w/6061 Al composite was fabricated by the squeeze casting and extruded with the extrusion ratios of 44 and 100 at 773 K. Its tensile strength and superplastic characteristics were investigated and the following results were obtained: (1) the {beta}-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}w/6061 Al composite exhibits the tensile strengths of about 400 MPa at room temperature and of about 250 MPa at 773 K; (2) the m value of the composite pulled at 818 K is 0.33 in the strain rate range from 0.02 up to 1.0 s{sup {minus}1}; (3) the total elongation of the composite becomes about 173 % at the strain rate of 0.02 s{sup {minus}1} even in the case of the high volume fraction of 0.25; (4) no reaction product on the surface of {beta}-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} whisker after removing a matrix by etching was detected except AlN; (5) the fracture surface of the composite includes the melt matrix and small filaments, which shows that interfacial sliding should ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental study of forced convection heat transfer at the inner tube wall of a double pipe heat exchanger with coiled wire inserts as heat transfer augmentation devices was performed over a turbulent flow region. The test results from twelve augmented tubes with inserts of different combinations of wire diameters (0.813, 1.016 and 1.575 mm) and pitches (2.82, 3.63, 5.08 and 8.47 mm) indicate that the turbulence promoters studied improve heat transfer by a factor of 1.4 to 2.24 compared with a smooth tube, although at a cost of 10-30 times increase in friction factor. A formula for presenting dimensionless exergy losses in a tubular heat exchanger is derived first and then the thermohydrodynamic optimum instead of economic optimum is found by minimizing the exergy losses in the system. From the heat transfer improvement number defined, it is observed that coiled wire turbulence promoters are more effective at Reynolds numbers less than 5.0[times]10[sup 4] in the present series of ...

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Thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties were investigated for the (100-x)(0.6Li{sub 2}S{center{underscore}dot}0.4SiS{sub 2}){center{underscore}dot}xLi{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} oxysulfide glasses. The glass with x = 5 exhibited high electrical conductivity of about 10{sup {minus}3} S cm{sup {minus}1} at room temperature, high glass stability against crystallization, and good chemical stability in contact with Li metal. Cyclic voltammetry also suggested that this glass has a wide electrochemical window of more than 10 V. On the other hand, further addition of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} up to 20 mol% lowered the conductivity, glass stability against crystallization, and electrochemical stability for the oxysulfide glasses.

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A study has been made of B transient enhanced diffusion (TED) in heavily P-doped Si using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). The P-doped silicon was implanted with boron ions of 40 keV energy to a dose of 3 {times} 10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}2}, and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 700--1,000 C in a N{sub 2} ambient for varying durations. As P doping concentration increased from 3 {times} 10{sup 19} to 1 {times} 10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3}, boron diffusivity and the immobile boron fraction decreased. The experimental results are inconsistent with the predictions of the Fermi-level model and suggest that the clustering between B atoms and Si interstitials should be invoked in order to explain the immobile portion of the B peak during TED.

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A multicusp magnetic field plasma surface ion source, normally used for H/sup /minus//ion beam formation, has been modified for the generation of high-intensity, pulsed, heavy negative ion beams suitable for a variety of uses. To date, the source has been utilized to produce mA intensity pulsed beams of more than 24 species. A brief description of the source, and basic pulsed-mode operational data, (e.g., intensity versus cesium oven temperature, sputter probe voltage, and discharge pressure), are given. In addition, illustrative examples of intensity versus time and the mass distributions of ion beams extracted from a number of samples along with emittance data, are also presented. Preliminary results obtained during dc operation of the source under low discharge power conditions suggest that sources of this type may also be used to produce high-intensity (mA) dc beams. The results of these investigations are given, as well, and the technical issues that must be ...

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At future [gamma][gamma] colliders copious production of [ital t] [bar t] pairs is possible. This would allow for a detailed investigation of the interactions involving the top quark. We propose some correlations which are sensitive to [ital t] [bar t] final state interactions and we compute the QCD and standard model Higgs boson contributions to these correlations. A correlation resulting from the QCD induced transverse polarization of top quarks is found to be sizable and measurable at a high energy [ital e][sup +][ital e][sup [minus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The solvation properties of a chlorine ion in small water clusters are investigated using state-of-the-art statistical mechanics. The simulations employ the polarizable water model developed recently by Dang [J. Chem. Phys. [bold 97], 2659 (1992)]. The ion--water interaction potentials are defined such that the successive binding energies for the ionic clusters, and the solvation enthalpy, bulk vertical binding energy, and structural properties of the aqueous solution agree with the best available results obtained from experiments. Simulated vertical electron binding energies of the ionic clusters Cl[sup [minus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many investigations of anode materials for lithium-ion secondary batteries have been carried out in order to obtain batteries of higher capacity and energy density. Recently, SnO-based glasses, which were prepared by the usual melt quenching technique, have been proposed as a new anode for lithium-ion secondary batteries by Idota et al. It has been reported that the capacity per unit weight was higher than 600 mAh g{sup {minus}1} and the capacity per unit volume was higher than 2,200 mAh cm{sup {minus}3}, values which are almost double those for carbon materials used as anodes of commercial lithium-ion batteries at present. Thus SnO-based glasses have attracted much interest as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion secondary batteries. Amorphous materials in the system SnO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5}, with or without the addition of Li{sub 2}O, were synthesized by mechanical milling treatment of starting oxides in a dry N{sub 2} ...

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The ongoing upgrade of the Los Alamos Free-Electron Laser (FEL) Facility involves the addition of a photoelectric injector (PEI) and acceleration capability to about 40 MeV. The electron-beam and high-speed diagnostics provide key measurements of charge, beam position and profile, divergence emittance, energy (centroid, spread, slew, and extraction efficiency), micropulse duration, and phase stability. Preliminary results on the facility include optical transition radiation interferometer measurements of divergence (1 to 2 mrad), FEL extraction efficiency (0.6 {plus_minus} 0.2%), and drive laser phase stability (< 2 ps [rms]). 10 refs.

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High-current implantation of Cu{sup {minus}} ions into silica glasses has been demonstrated using mA-class negative ion beams at 60 keV. Negative ion implantation has an advantage to alleviate specimen charging for insulating substrates and has attained high dose rates, up to 260 {micro}A/cm{sup 2}. Spherical Cu colloids form in the silica glasses without additional thermal annealing. Optical absorption and reflection of the implanted specimens vary with the current density, even at a fixed dose level. A beam-induced surface plasma may affect the high current implantation.

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Cross sections for the elastic and inelastic scattering of /sup 16/O on /sup 58/Ni, /sup 88/Sr, /sup 40/Ca, and /sup 48/Ca have been calculated in a coupled-channels treatment, including the low-lying 2/sup +/ and 3/sup /minus// states of both projectile and target. Real, energy-independent ion-ion potentials and form factors were used, and fusion was simulated by ingoing wave boundary conditions in all channels. The agreement with the measured scattering data is qualitatively as good as obtained in previous optical-model calculations.

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Changes in transverse phonon sound velocity were measured during low temperature irradiation of amorphous Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20} with 3.5 MeV krypton ions. The sound velocity decreases as a function of the ion fluence and shows a tendency to saturate at large fluences at a relative change of {minus}4.7%. The changes in sound velocity were used to determine the changes in shear elastic constant and in Debye temperature both of which were in reasonable agreement with the value reported in the literature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of {beta}-endorphin ({beta}-E) and shorter pro-opiomelancortin (POMC) fragments was evaluated by assessing their influence on respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The effect of the peptides on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated production of reactive oxygen metabolites was measured in a lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assay. Both POMC peptides with opiate-like activity and their non-opioid derivatives were tested. With the exception of {alpha}-E, PMA-stimulated respiratory burst was suppressed by all POMC fragments tested. A U-shaped dose-response relation was observed. Doses lower than 10{sup {minus}17}M and higher than 10{sup {minus}8}M were without effect. {beta}-E and dT{beta}E both suppressed PMA-induced oxidative burst in human PMN at physiological concentrations. {gamma}-E and dT{gamma}E proved to be less potent inhibitors, reaching maximal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Constructed wetlands may be used for removal of high nutrient loads in greenhouse wastewater prior to discharge into the environment. Temperature affects both the physical and biological activities in wetland systems. Since nitrification and denitrification are temperature-dependent processes, effluent nitrate concentrations will fluctuate due to changes in air and wetland temperature. In a cold climate, constructed wetlands can function in a temperature-controlled, greenhouse environment year-round. This work evaluates four temperature treatments on nitrate removal rates in five planted and five unplanted laboratory-scale wetlands. Wetlands were supplied with a nutrient solution similar to the fertigation runoff solution (100 PPM nitrate-N) used in greenhouse crop production. A first-order kinetic model was used to describe experimental nitrate depletion data and to predict nitrate removal rate constants (k) in the wetlands planted with Iris pseudocoras. The negligible removal in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mixed-conducting ceramic oxides have potential uses in high-temperature electrochemical applications such as solid oxide fuel cells, advanced batteries, sensors, and oxygen-permeable membranes. The Sr-Fe-Co-O system combines high electronic/ionic conductivity with appreciable oxygen permeability at elevated temperatures. Dense ceramic membranes made of this material can be used to separate high-purity oxygen from air without the need for external electrical circuitry, or to partially oxidize methane to produce syngas. Samples of Sr{sub 2}Fe{sub 3{minus}x}Co{sub x}O{sub y} (with x = 0, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4) were prepared by solid-state reaction in atmospheres with various oxygen partial pressures (pO{sub 2}) and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. Phase components of the samples are dependent on cobalt concentration and synthesis pO{sub 2}. Total conductivity increases with increasing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Si/Pd-based contact schemes based on the solid phase regrowth (SPR) principle have been developed to form low resistance ohmic contacts to n type Al{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P and Ga{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P lattice matched to GaAs grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). Lowest contact resistivities of {approximately} 6 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} {Omega}-cm{sup 2} and {approximately} 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} {Omega}-cm{sup 2} have been obtained on Al{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P and Ga{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P respectively (both doped to {approximately} 2 {times} 10{sup 18} cm{sup {minus}3}). In this article, the electrical properties and the ohmic contact formation model of the Si/Pd-based contacts to n-Al{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P and n-Ga{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Net heats of reaction were measured in an isothermal calorimeter for both single phase (organic) and two phase (organic and aqueous) TBP/HNO{sub 3} reacting solutions at temperatures above 100 C. The oxidation rate constant was determined to be 5.4E-4 min{sup {minus}1} at 110 C for an open ``vented`` system as compared to 1.33 E-3 min{sup {minus}1} in the closed system. The heat released per unit material oxidized was also reduced. The oxidation in both phases was found to be first order in nitric acid and pseudo-zero order in butylnitrate and water. The hydrolysis (esterification) rate constant determined by Nichols` (1.33E-3 min{sup {minus}1}) fit the experimental data from this work well. Forced evaporation of the volatile components by the product gases from oxidation resulted in a cooling mechanism which more than balanced the heat from the oxidation reaction in the two-phased systems. Rate expressions were derived and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Digested sewage sludge was applied to pastures and tree plantations at 19 to 44 Mg/ha (dry weight) as part of a municipal sludge disposal program. The sludge had low concentrations of heavy metals and traces of /sup 137/Cs and /sup 60/Co. Monitoring of soils, soil solutions, and runoff indicated that N, P, heavy metals, and radionuclides were largely retained in the upper 15cm of the soil. Soil solutions had elevated NO/sub 3//sup /minus// concentrations often >100 mg/L, but no significant increases in groundwater NO/sub 3//sup /minus// were found during the first year. Runoff from active sites had elevated concentrations of NO/sub 3//sup /minus// (20--30 mg/L), soluble P (1 mg/L), BOD/sub 5/ (5--30 mg/L), and fecal coliform (up to 14,000 colonies per 100 ml), not unlike runoff from pastures with cattle. Enrichment of organic N (2 times), available (inorganic) N (5 to 10 times), and Bray-P in the upper soils persisted ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two mechanical design requirements are defined for the SSC Collider beam tube. First, the vacuum requirement (luminosity lifetime = 150 hrs). It requires the design of a pressure boundary within the cold mass vessel to provide a vacuum tunnel for the proton beam and to minimize the synchrotron radiation gas desorbtion with a suitable material. The Collider beam tube design is under an intensive activity to search for a material that will meet the luminosity requirement without a distributed pump or liner. Second is the tube wall's resistivity requirement ([sigma]*t = 2E5 [Omega][sup [minus]1]). For a 4.2 K beam tube the Cu thickness is 100 [mu]m (RRR=30,6.7 T, [sigma]=2E9[Omega][sup [minus]1]m[sup [minus]1]). The copper yield strength is relatively low in comparison to steel and, therefore, the design of the steel layer is governed by the copper layer yield stress limit. A beam tube subjected to eddy current load ...

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Superconducting thin film particle detectors can be very attractive due to the low sensitivity to radiation damage. We describe the fabrication procedure and the characterization of Nb/Al bilayers as particle detectors. First steady and dynamical results are reported from tests of 5 MeV alpha-particle detection.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

Science.gov (United States)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977. USSR Beloshitsky, VV Kumakhov, MA Wedell, R. Moskovskij

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The case of spontaneous radiation of channeled ultrarelativistic particles is considered when the dipolarity condition is not satisfied. The change of the particle longitudinal velocity affecting the maximum radiation frequency is included. The angular and frequency characteristics of the radiation for superhigh energies are studied for the first time. It is shown that there is an optimum energy at which the radiation density is maximum. The influence of the angle at which electrons enter a crystal and of the beam divergence on the radiation is investigated. The problem of quasichanneled particle radiation and also the radiation in axis-plane transitions are considered. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Ukraine) INIS-UA--107 211 p. PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... was noted. It was reported that similar fibers also grew on particles of thermal carbon black at a temperature of 10500 and in an atmosphere ...

J-STORE (Japan)

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J-STORE (Japan)

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ScienceCinema

...global warming ...the effects of global warming ...also the ? that global warming ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The operation principle, construction and characteristics of the Bragg curve spectroscopy detector (BCS detector) are described. The electric field of the BCS detector is parallel to the particle trajectories. The detector was tested by 8.78 MeV and 6.02 MeV #alpha# particles from a ThC-ThC's source. The energy resolutions are 1.5% and 2.6% respectively for two groups of #alpha# particles, and the charge resolution is 2.7%. Further test experiments with heavy ions will be arranged.

Science.gov (United States)

... PHYSICS ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND SPECTROSCOPY NUCLEAR PHYSICS & ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS. ...

CERN Document Server

The available data on isolated X-ray pulsars, their wind nebulae, and the supernova remnants which are connected to some of these sources are analyzed. It is shown that electric fields of neutron stars tear off charged particles from the surface of neutron star and trigger the acceleration of particles. The charged particles are accelerated mainly in the field of magneto-dipole radiation wave. Power and energy spectra of the charged particles depend on the strength of the magneto-dipole radiation. Therefore, the X-ray radiation is strongly dependent on the rate of rotational energy loss and weakly dependent on the electric field intensity. Coulomb interaction between the charged particles is the main factor for the energy loss and the X-ray spectra of the charged particles.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the study of particles' dispersion in an isotropic turbulent flow. The particle's motion and the turbulent flow characteristics are calculated independently. While the particles' displacement is computed by the author's code, the flow is simulated with a commercial code : PowerFLOW. The particles and the flow are coupled through the relative velocity component of the aerodynamic force. When the simulated flow is turbulent, a turbulence regeneration model is used in order to get the flow instantaneous velocity. Validation of the method is done by comparing the particles' dispersion obtained with experimental results from literature and with the results calculated by FLUENT. Good accordance is found between numerical studies and experimental results. However, comparison between results of PowerFLOW coupled to the author's code and results from FLUENT shows ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rhenium is technetium`s third row congener and exhibits many of the chemical properties that technetium displays. Theoretically, a Re-PhAT complex will be isostructural with the {sup 99m}Tc PhAT complexes that have been prepared for use as brain imaging agents. A series of neutral rhenium(V) oxo complexes was synthesized by the reaction of ReOBr{sub 4}{sup {minus}} with diamino-thiol-thioether ligands of the type (RSC(CH{sub 3}){sub 2})CH{sub 2}NH(o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4})NHCH{sub 2}C(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}SH. The complexes were characterized by IR, UV/visible, and {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR spectroscopy and by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray structure determination on two of the complexes, where R = CH{sub 2}CH{double_bond}CH{sub 2} and CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}-CH{sub 3}, showed them to consist of a square pyramidal Re{sup V}ON{sub 2}S{sub 2} core. ReO[CH{sub 2}{double_bond}CHCH{sub 2}SC(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}CH{sub 2}N(o-C{sub 6}H{sub 4})NCH{sub ...

Science.gov (United States)

A quantum secure direct communication scheme using dense coding is proposed. At first, the sender (Alice) prepares four-particle genuine entangled states and shares them with the receiver (Bob) by sending two particles in each entangled state to him. Secondly, Alice encodes secret information by performing the unitary transformations on her particles and transmits them to Bob. Finally, Bob performs the joint measurements on his particles to decode the secret information. The two-step security test guarantees the security of communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy conservation and local energy deposition are investigated in the context of coupled-particle (i.e., neutrons, gamma rays, and charged particles) transport analysis. For charged particles, the concept of group splitting the 1 = 0 transfer matrix to ensure both particle and energy conservation is introduced. Although these procedures are more complex than those found in the usual neutron or coupled-neutron gamma-ray problem, they yield a consistent approach for the calculation of local energy deposition.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Processes of production and purification (necessary for fabricating fuel elements) of powdery uranium dioxide with particle size up to 1000 #mu#m and more have been studied. Developed is continuous process of UO_2 production with above particle size by converting uranium hexafloride into UO_2 solid particles in fluidized bed while their interaction with water vapor and hydrogen on the uranium dioxide nucleus material. The method allows to conduct continuous selection from the apparatus of UO_2 powder fraction with particle size near 1000 #mu#m without nucleus material additional feed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alpha particle confinement is necessary for ignition of a D-T tokamak fusion plasma and for first wall protection. Due to high radiation backgrounds and temperatures, scintillators and semiconductor detectors may not be used to study alpha particles which are lost to the first wall during the D-T programs on JET and ITER. An alternative method of charged particle spectrometry capable of operation in these harsh environments, is proposed: it consists of thin foils of electrically isolated conductors with the flux of alpha particles determined by the positive current flowing from the foils. 2 refs., 3 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The in-plane resistivity, in-plane absolute thermopower, and upper critical field measurements are reported for single-crystal samples of YNi_2B_2C and LuNi_2B_2C superconductors. The in-plane resistivity shows metallic behavior and varies approximately linearly with temperature near room temperature (RT) but shows nearly quadratic behavior in temperature at low temperatures. The YNi_2B_2C and LuNi_2B_2C single-crystal samples exhibit large transverse magnetoresistance (#approx#6 8% at 45 kOe) in the ab plane. The absolute thermopower S(T) is negative from RT to the superconducting transition temperature T_c. Its magnitude at RT is a few times of the value for a typical good metal. S(T) is approximately linear in temperature between #approx#150 K and RT. Extrapolation to T=0 gives large intercepts (few #mu#V/K) for both samples suggesting the presence of a much larger knee than would be expected from electron-phonon interaction renormalization effects. The upper critical fields for H ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report summarizes work performed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) on fatigue and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in light water reactors (LWRs) during the six months from October 1993 to March 1994. EAC and fatigue of piping, pressure vessels, and core components in LWRs are important concerns in operating plants and as extended reactor lifetimes are envisaged. Topics that have been investigated include (a) fatigue of low-alloy steel used in piping, steam generators, and reactor pressure vessels, (b) EAC of wrought and cast austenitic stainless steels (SSs), and (c) radiation-induced segregation and irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of Type 304 SS after accumulation of relatively high fluence. Fatigue tests have been conducted on A302-Gr B low-alloy steel to verify whether the current predictions of modest decreases of fatigue life in simulated pressurized water reactor water are valid for high-sulfur heats that show environmentally enhanced ...

CERN Document Server

Within the context of space-time (D-particle) foam in string/brane-theory it is demonstrated that it is possible to generate non-extensive statistics. The D-particle foam model involves point-like brane defects (D-particles), which provide the topologically non-trivial foamy structures of space-time. The D-particles can capture and emit stringy matter and this leads to a recoil of D-particles. It is indicated how one effect of such a recoil of D-particles is a back reaction on the space-time metric of Finsler type which is stochastic. We show that such a type of stochastic space-time foam can lead to cosmological effects similar to those induced by modifications of particle distributions within the framework of Tsallis entropies. The restrictions placed on the free parameters of the Finsler type metric are obtained from solving the Boltzmann ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and alumina (Al2O3) particles are synthesized by the combustion of their volatilized acetylacetonate precursors in a premixed air-methane flame reactor. The particles are characterized by XRD, transmission electron microscopy, scanning mobility particle sizing and by measurement of the BET specific surface area. Pure (?-)alumina particles appear as dendritic aggregates with average mobile diameter 43-93 nm consisting of partly sintered, crystalline primary particles with diameter 7.1-8.8 nm and specific surface area 184-229 m2/g. Pure zinc oxide yields compact, crystalline particles with diameter 25-40 nm and specific surface area 27-43 m2/g. The crystallite size for both oxides, estimated from the XRD line broadening, is comparable to or slightly smaller than the primary particle diameter. The specific surface area ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Formation of particles from heavy duty diesel and CNG vehicles was studied in laboratory conditions. PM, nano and soot mode particle emissions formed from buses of Euro 2-5 -emission levels were studied in relation to age and type approval characteristics of the vehicle. Characteristic particle emission factors from city driving were obtained by driving the buses on VTT's heavy duty chassis dynamometer applying the transient Braunschweig city cycle. The vehicles were a representative set of Euro 2 to 3 emission categories, supplemented with Euro 4-5 (EEV) -targeted CRT, CNG and DPF cars. Particle number emissions from Euro 4 to 5 buses were 1/100-1/1000 and mass emissions 1/10-1/100 of those of the current fleet. Particle emission from natural gas buses and after an advanced CRT trap contained almost entirely liquid < 60 nm nano particles, which ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, a mixed cationic--anionic [i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-sodium octyl sulphate] surfactant system was used to synthesize the magnetite particles. The loading content of iron ions (Fe{sup 3+} and Fe{sup 2+}) into the surfactant system was varied to study its effect on the formation of magnetite, magnetic and morphological properties of the magnetite particles encapsulated by the surfactant vesicles. It has been verified that the vesicle-encapsulated magnetite particles with sizes from 100 to 200 nm were formed, which were almost independent of the loading content of iron ions. However, the morphological structure of the magnetite particles was dependent on the loading content of iron ions and there existed an optimal loading content for a full packing of the surfactant vesicles with the magnetite particles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A composite material consisting of WC-Co particles in a steel matrix was fabricated by sintering mixtures of WC-Co particles and a steel powder and infiltrating the sintered pieces with a copper alloy. Its wear resistance and mechanical properties were studied as a function of the content in WC-Co particles and other characteristics of the composite material microstructure. Infiltration provided a simple means to obtain a strong cohesion between WC-Co particles and the steel matrix. An effective matrix protection against wear is obtained with relatively low additions of particles especially with a silica abrasive which is soft with respect to cemented carbide. The experimental results show that this material has good mechanical properties and wear resistance. Depending upon abrasion resistance, wear losses are reduced up to 10 times by a 30 vol% addition of cemented carbide ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents experimental data and an computational model of the cold spray solid particle impact process. Copper particles impacting onto a polished stainless steel substrate are examined. The high velocity impact causes significant plastic deformation of both the particle and the sub- strate, but no melting is observed. The plastic deformation exposes clean surfaces that, under the high impact pressures, result in significant bond strengths between the particle and substrate. Experimental measurements of the splat and crater sizes compare well with the numerical calculations. It is shown that the crater depth is significant and increases with impact velocity. However, the splat diameter is much less sensitive to the impact velocity. It is also shown that the geometric lengths of the splat and crater scale linearly with the diameter of the impacting particle. It is hoped ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large detector with high redundancy is used to search for various types of anomalous particles in cosmic rays at sea level. The detector is sensitive to zenith angles between 45"0 and 90"0. Previously obtained limits on the fluxes of charge (1/3) and (2/3) particles are reduced to 2.9 x 10"-"1"0 and 2.6 x 10"-"1"0 cm"-"2sr "-"1 sec"-"1, respectively. The flux of ionizing tachyons is determined to be less than 2.4 x 10"-"9 cm"-"2 sr"-"1 sec"-"1. The massive-particle flux limit we obtain is inconsistent with previous claims of such particles assuming that these particles are isotropic in zenith angle.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new principle of particle trapping in the simple spherical cavity using both electric and magnetic components of radiofrequency electromagnetic field is proposed. The electric component of H {sub 12} oscillating mode drives the fast particle oscillations, while the magnetic component synchronously bends the trajectories to the cavity center. A specially developed theory of particle stability predicts dense and energetic electron cluster in the trap. Numerical simulations of particle dynamics in the complete electromagnetic field taking into account both space charge and particle-induced magnetic field are in good agreement with the analytic results, giving a density of 2.6*10{sup 1} electrons/cm{sup 3} and an average kinetic energy of around 30 keV at an operating frequency of 3 GHz. Being used at lower frequency, spherical cavity can trap protons and heavier ions too, but with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The translocation of particles from the alveolar compartment to the pleural space and tracheobronchial lymph nodes was investigated in rats over a 30 day period following the intrapulmonary instillation of 4 x 10/sup 8/ polystyrene microspheres (1.9 ..mu..m dia.). In initial studies, approx. =10/sup 4/ particles were found in the pleural space compartment on Days 1, 14 and 30 after particle deposition, and most of these were cell-associated. Subsequent pleural space studies indicated, however, that the particles found in this compartment were, at least in part, due to the pleural lavage technique, and, unlike observations reported for some fibers, the translocation of the particles used in our study to the pleural space does not represent an important lung clearance pathway. In regard to particle clearance to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, the accumulation of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present local two-dimensional and three-dimensional hybrid numerical simulations of particles and gas in the midplane of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) using the Athena code. The particles are coupled to gas aerodynamically, with particle-to-gas feedback included. Magnetorotational turbulence is ignored as an approximation for the dead zone of PPDs, and we ignore particle self-gravity to study the precursor of planetesimal formation. Our simulations include a wide size distribution of particles, ranging from strongly coupled particles with dimensionless stopping time #tau#_s #ident to# #OMEGA#t_s_t_o_p = 10"-"4 (where #OMEGA# is the orbital frequency, t_s_t_o_p is the particle friction time) to marginally coupled ones with #tau#_s = 1, and a wide range of solid abundances. Our main results are as follows. (1) Particles ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

(I)Results are given for photoproduction of the D{sup *} at 103 GeV. Clean signals are seen for the decay D{sup *{+-}} {yields} {pi}{sup {+-}}D{sup 0} with the D{sup 0} decaying into both K{sup {-+}}{pi}{sup {+-}} and K{sup {-+}}{pi}{sup {+-}}{pi}{sup 0}. Analysis of the Dalitz plot for the K{pi}{pi} mode gives branching fractions (BFs) for K{sup {minus}}{rho}{sup +}, K{sup *{minus}}{pi}{sup +}, and {anti K}{sup *0}{pi}{sup 0} final states. The BF for D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup {minus}}{rho}{sup +}, much lower than a previous result, is in approximate agreement with the value expected for an l=1/2 final state. (II)Inelastic and elastic J/{psi} photoproduction on H is investigated at 103 GeV. The inelastic cross section with E{sub {psi}}/E{sub {gamma}} {lt} 0.9 is significantly lower than the corresponding result for muoproduction on Fe targets, but consistent with second-order perturbative QCD calculation. The mean p{sub +} of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of {ital in} {ital situ} photoexcitation during boron ion implantation on subsequent transient enhanced B diffusion in Si has been investigated. Photoexcitation using a mercury arc lamp was performed during B{sup +} implantation at 35 keV for a dose of 5{times}10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}2} at 177 K. A reduction in the electrical activation dip, i.e., reverse annealing effect, in the temperature range 550--700 {degree}C was observed. Also, the transient enhanced diffusion of B, measured using SIMS following 800 {degree}C, 30 min annealing, was suppressed. Both effects demonstrate that the creation of self-interstitials during the implantation process is significantly reduced. {copyright} {ital 1995} {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The solubility of Sn(IV) oxide was determined in a dilute NaClO{sub 4} solution with pH 2 through 12 at ambient temperature. Both oversaturation and undersaturation experiments were carried out in an inert gas glovebox where the concentration of the oxygen and carbon dioxide were less than 1 ppm. The solubility of Sn(IV) oxide was 3 {times} 10{sup {minus}8} mol/l at neutral pH, and increased at pH > 7.5. Equilibrium constants of soluble reactions were calculated from the experimental data, using curve fitting method. The study suggests that the solubility of Sn(IV) oxide would be higher than that provisionally used in current safety assessments of HLW disposal sites.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 500 keV negative-ion based NBI system is under construction for NB current drive and plasma core heating in high density plasma in JT-60U. Part of the beamline and the high voltage power supply required for a verification test of an ion source was completed in March 1995. After having done a high potential test of the power supply, the negative-ion generation and acceleration tests started in June 1995 aiming at deuterium beams of 500 keV, 22A. In initial experiment, deuterium negative-ion beams of 410 keV, 6.1A (2.5 MW) for 0.2 sec, so far, have been achieved. This is the world highest D{sup {minus}} current and negative ion beam power. The construction of the total system will be completed by the beginning of 1996, and the beam injection will start in March 1996.

Science.gov (United States)

AlGaInP-based quantum-well laser diodes operating at wavelengths near 680 nm have been grown by all solid source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE). The lowest room temperature threshold current densities obtained from shallow rid structures were 300 A/cm{sup 2} and 330 A/cm{sup 2} for pulsed and continuous wave operation, respectively. The dependences of the differential quantum efficiency and threshold current density on the cavity length were also studied in this preliminary SSMBE work. The internal quantum efficiency of 87--89% and the internal losses of 7--10 cm{sup {minus}1} were obtained.

Science.gov (United States)

Direct plating, selective enrichment, and cold enrichment followed by secondary selective enrichment procedures were compared for detecting and enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in chopped cabbage stored at 5 degrees C for up to 64 days. Addition of Fe3+ to solid media enhanced detection of the organism. Cold enrichment (5 degrees C) in nutrient broth and brain heart infusion broth followed by secondary enrichment (48 h, 30 degrees C) in Trypticase soy-yeast extract-antibiotic broth and thiocyanate-nalidixic acid broth and plating on selective agar media (Doyle and Schoeni selective enrichment agar [minus acriflavin hydrochloride, supplemented with 5 micrograms of Fe3+/ml] and McBride Listeria agar) resulted in the detection of highest populations. PMID:3111369

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

SIMS measurements revealed that high energy boron-implantation causes transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of a shallow dopant profile due to Si interstitials even for a relatively low dose of {approximately}2E13cm{sup {minus}2}. By systematic analysis, it is found that this anomalous diffusion is most significant in 700--800 C annealing, and it takes place in the initial stage (less than 30 sec for 800 C) of annealing. Moreover, this anomalous diffusion is more considerable than the enhanced diffusion during oxidation (OED) in practical device fabrication processes. It is found that rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 1,000--1,100 C is effective for suppressing the transient enhanced diffusion and realizing a shallow channel profile for deep sub-micron devices.

Science.gov (United States)

A new type of radiation which occurs when particles are accelerated in the field of a longitudinal wave and in a transverse magnetic field is studied. The characteristics of such spontaneous radiation are obtained, and the influence of collective effects on the radiation is analyzed. The application of the findings to the theory of free electron lasers is discussed. 8 references.

Science.gov (United States)

The variation of metallic particle size and sample porosity significantly alters the dynamic mechanical properties of high density granular composite materials processed using a cold isostatically pressed mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), aluminum (Al), and tungsten (W) powders. Quasistatic and dynamic experiments are performed with identical constituent mass fractions with variations in the size of the W particles and pressing conditions. The relatively weak polymer matrix allows the strength and fracture modes of this material to be governed by the granular type behavior of agglomerated metal particles. A higher ultimate compressive strength was observed in relatively high porosity samples with small W particles compared to those with coarse W particles in all experiments. Mesoscale granular force chains of the metallic particles explain this unusual ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A strain of Chromobacterium violaceum has been isolated which produces bacteriophage tail-like particles in high numbers. The extracellular morphology and the intracellular arrangement...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian 1984. p. 349. USSR Burtebaev, NT Dujsebaev, AD Knyaz'kov, OM

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Naturally occurring and contaminant ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic particles have been found within or near cells, and might allow pulsed magnetic fields to create transient cell membrane opening ("pores")....Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

A dissipative particle swarm optimization is developed according to the self-organization of dissipative structure. The negative entropy is introduced to construct an opening dissipative system that is far-from-equilibrium so as to driving the irreversible evolution process with better fitness. The testing of two multimodal functions indicates it improves the performance effectively

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An unexpectedly high probability of collisions between the fission particles and the atoms in an ionization chamber along the entire particle track causes a strong fluctuation of the shapes of the Bragg curves. This fluctuation imposes an upper limit of the charge resolution ..delta..Z/Z which can be achieved.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bacterial pathogens use virulence strategies to invade epithelial barriers, but active processes of epithelial cells may also contribute to the endocytosis of microbial particles. To focus on the latter,...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Low pressure silane plasmas are known for their ability to synthesize silicon nanoparticles via gas phase nucleation. While in the past this particle formation has often been considered from the viewpoint of a contamination problem in semiconductor processing, we here describe a silane low pressure plasma that enables the synthesis of highly oriented, cubic-shaped silicon nanocrystals with a rather monodisperse size distribution. These silicon nanocubes have successfully been used in the manufacture of single nanoparticle vertical transistors. We discuss the advantages of this new paradigm of building nanoelectronic devices. The plasma synthesis process is characterized in more detail than in prior work. The particle nucleation, growth and shape evolution are studied. Results indicate that the process provides two spatially distinct zones: a diffuse plasma for particle growth and a constricted plasma zone for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The general usefulness of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for samples containing the platinum group elements (PGE) and Au, either as major or trace constituents, is discussed. Charged particle activation is shown to be a viable or complementary alternative. Proton (6-10 MeV) and alpha particle (9-15 MeV) beams, produced in a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator, have been established to be the most effective choice. By taking advantage of the Coulomb barrier effect and the fact that many charged particle induced reactions have relatively large threshold values, the same instrumental technique can be applied, with minor modifications, to a wide range of materials.

Science.gov (United States)

The Knight shift of vanadium (KV) in fine V3Si particles was studied. The average diameter (\\bar{d}) ranged from 60 to 8000 A. The strong temperature dependence of the KV characteristic of high-Tc A-15 compounds was weakened in the particles. KV at 77 K increased with a decrease in \\bar{d}. The above-mentioned trends were consistent with a broadening of the sharp peak in the electronic density of states around the Fermi energy in particles resulting from a perturbation of the surface.

CERN Document Server

Describes the Pinch Technique for constructing Green's functions for elementary particle theorists and graduate students.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short note. 1 ref.; 1 tab.

Science.gov (United States)

... small water or ice particles by impaction ... flight recording; principally the hydrometeor charge unit ... capability of directing aircraft movements by radio ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the safety assessment of a potential repository for spent nuclear fuel, it is important to assess the consequences of a hypothetical leak of radionuclides through the seabed and into a waterborne transport phase. Radionuclides adsorbed to sediment particles may be transported great distances through the processes of sedimentation and resuspension. This study investigates the transport patterns of sediment particles of two different sizes, released in the Forsmark and Laxemar area. The results show that the closed waters around Forsmark to a higher degree makes the particles stay in the area close to the release points

CERN Document Server

A survey of various mechanisms for particle emission in hydrodynamics is presented. First, in the case of sudden freeze out, the problem of negative contributions in the Cooper-Frye formula and ways out are presented. Then the separate chemical and thermal freeze out scenario is described and the necessity of its inclusion in a hydrodynamical code is discussed. Finally, we show how to formulate continuous particle emission in hydrodynamics and discuss extensively its consistency with data. We point out in various cases that the interpretation of data is quite influenced by the choice of the particle emission mechanism.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method for the determination of different ''bare'' characteristics of the one-particle motion and one-particle basis in magic nuclei is described. The method is based on separating out the mixing with phonons from the phenomenological one-particle characteristics. By means of a generalization of the procedure for localization of the mass operator, relations linking the bare and phenomenological characteristics are obtained. The radial dependence of these characteristics in finite nuclei and the influence of the quasiparticle--phonon interaction on the phenomenological characteristics are studied. Calculations are performed for the neutrons in /sup 208/Pb.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1971. 111 p. United States Chamberlin, EP Texas Agricultural and

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... beam monitoring betatrons delay circuits errors fluctuations gamma radiation

Science.gov (United States)

... the vertical beam measures the movement of the ... be measured because the particle velocity in ... During precipitation, if the hydrometeor fall velocity is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A nanoparticle generator based on the principle of electrical discharge (PALAS GFG-1000) was used to produce nanoparticles of different chemical natures. The fractions of electrically neutral particles were then measured by means of a Spectrometre de Mobilite Electrique Circulaire (SMEC, i.e. radial-flow mobility analyzer) for different operating conditions. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical values calculated from the Fuchs extended charge equilibrium model for spherical particles and agglomerates. For the smallest particles (below 20 nm), the deviations observed remain below 10%, and tend towards 20% for larger particles (over 35 nm).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian 1974. USSR Grantsev, VI Dryapachenko, IP Kornilov, VA Nemets,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(Apr 1974). Japan Murakami, Akira . Saga Univ. (Japan). Dept. of

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A semi-mechanistic model for calculating solid radionuclide release rates from bubbling pools of sodium was developed. The influence of particle spacial and size distributions on the decontamination of the releases was analysed and found significant. Decontamination factors are shown as a function of pool depth, bubbling characteristics and particle size distribution. The calculation of a decontamination factor for estimating the source term of large scale hypothetical core disruptive accidents is presented. The decontamination factor for a large scale accident was found to be two orders of magnitude greater than results obtained from small scale experiments conducted with uniform particle distributions. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have made preliminary estimates of charged particles background at the 100x100 GeV Photon Linear Collider with ultimate luminosity. The charged particles background due to electromagnetic processes is located mainly in the small-angle range of the detector. At large angles, the number of background particles is much smaller. Analysis of the background (at least, in the range under consideration) shows that background conditions for the VLEPP-based Photon Linear Collider are better than at the VLEPP electron-positron collider. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan) 389 p. PARTICLE ACCELERATORS beam monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Analytic expression is derived for X-ray fluorescence dependence on the particle size of powder and slurry media. The expression is obtained for a model of powder medium containing particles of different size and random distribution in the bulk of the sample. Limiting cases of homogeneous and slurry-like media are considered and expressions for calculation of the fluorescence intensity are derived. The results reasonably match the experiment for binary powder mixtures and thus provide evaluation of the powder particle size on the fluorescence intensity for multicomponent polydisperse powder medium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A multiple sampling dE/dx counter using a multiwire proportional chamber equipped with catbode pads was constructed for the multiple detection of dE/dx values along a particle trajectory. For low-energy particles this counter was proved to be useful as a Bragg-curve detector. At relativistic energies around E=14.6 GeV/nucleon good particle identification was obtained by cathode pad signals as well as anode signals for the range of projectile fragments from Z=1 (minimum ionization) up to a beam charge of Z=14. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The motion of a test particle moving in an interior static spherically symmetric geometry is investigated. The author concludes that an oscillatory motion with the test particle changing its motion from a free fall towards the center to an outward radial motion can not exist for any static interior spherically symmetric model.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The motions of a classical free spinning point particle are extended to include the range of superluminal velocities. There is no formal change in the constraint-dependent functional relationship between observable mass and spin, i.e., trajectory, accompanying this extension. However, the theory now permits the specification, for superluminal velocities, of a linearly rising trajectory and naturally yields tachyon confinement. Therefore, unlike their subluminal counterparts, these tachyons can be considered candidates for elementary particle constituents.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new method of particle identification of heavy ions through the measurement of the Bragg curve centroid and particle energy has been developed using a gas ionization chamber with a resistive anode layer. Z-resolutions comparable to the conventional ..delta..E-E counter telescope could be rather easily attained.

CERN Document Server

A self-organizing particle swarm is presented. It works in dissipative state by employing the small inertia weight, according to experimental analysis on a simplified model, which with fast convergence. Then by recognizing and replacing inactive particles according to the process deviation information of device parameters, the fluctuation is introduced so as to driving the irreversible evolution process with better fitness. The testing on benchmark functions and an application example for device optimization with designed fitness function indicates it improves the performance effectively.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The evaluation of the hazard posed to the skin by very small radioactive sources (diameter < 1mm) has become popularly known as the 'hot particle' problem in European and American nuclear reactor facilities. In this study, research to detect hot particle was performed in Wolsung Nuclear power plant (NPP) in Korea.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nano-sized particles of a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, LiTi{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, were prepared by laser ablation. The obtained particles were ca. 10nm in diameter. X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that they were amorphous with local structure similar to the crystalline counterpart. They were crystallized by the heating at ca. 630{sup o}C. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental and evaluated integral parameters derived from nuclear plus interference differential elastic scattering cross sections are presented for all projectile/target combinations of the particles p, d, t, /sup 3/He, and ..cap alpha... The data include reaction rates, average fractional energy losses per collision and per unit path length, and average laboratory scattering cosines. The resulting parameters are of potential use in analysis of charged-particle transport.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is shown that recuperator in which the thermal energy of particles is transformed into electric oue under drift in crossed fields is naturally coupled with dragontype magnetic confinement system, so the recuperation process can be initiated in the dragon magnetic field. A number of questions occuring under analysis of recuperator-dragon system is considered, including the dynamics of particle transfer to the recuperator, the share of particles entering the recuperator, the effect of rotational transform and the recuperation efficiency.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quark models of cumulative particle production and EMS effect are analyzed. All the models are characterized by a universal relationship between the spectrum of cumulative nucleons and the cross section of cumulative particles containing valence nuclear quarks. This relationship is tested for a deuteron. The role is discussed played by secondary nuclear processes for heavy nuclei. A special role of ''sea'' cumulative particles (K"-, p-bar) is pointed out in understanding the nature of the difference between the structure functions of a nucleus and of free nucleon.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of an experimental study of the interaction of 140 MeV alpha particles with _9_0Zr nuclei resulting in fragmentation of the alpha particle are reported. The experimental observations of the study are analyzed and are found to show that alpha particle breakup reactions leading to at least 4-body final states, composed of two charged alpha particle fragments, contribute significantly to the singles yield of charged fragments observed at a fixed forward angle. The conclusions are based on coincidence measurements where one charged fragment is detected at a small forward angle which remains fixed, while the second charged fragment is detected at a series of coplanar secondary angles. The largest coincidence charged particle yield for the multiparticle final state events results from _9_0Zr(#alpha#,pp)X reactions, where both of the measured protons have energy distributions ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A zinc-air battery in a case including a zinc particle bed supported adjacent the current feeder and diaphragm on a porous support plate which holds the particles but passes electrolyte solution. Electrolyte is recycled through a conduit between the support plate and top of the bed by convective forces created by a density of differential caused by a higher concentration of high density discharge products in the interstices of the bed than in the electrolyte recycle conduit.