xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Analysis of Mammalian Carboxylesterase Inhibition by Trifluoromethylketone-Containing Compounds

Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α is a key transcription factor regulating endo/xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We investigated whether microRNAs are involved in the regulation...Full Text Available

2010-02-12

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Systemic responses to inhaled ozone in mice: cachexia and down-regulation of liver xenobiotic metabolizing genes

Carboxylesterases (CE) are ubiquitous enzymes that hydrolyze numerous ester-containing xenobiotics, including complex molecules, such as the anticancer drugs irinotecan (CPT-11) and capecitabine...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

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Transposable elements are enriched within or in close proximity to xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes

Rats or mice acutely exposed to high concentrations of ozone show an immediate and significant weight loss, even when allowed free access to food and water. The mechanisms underlying this systemic response to ozone have not been previously elucidated. We have applied the technique of global gene expression analysis to the livers of C57BL mice acutely exposed to ozone. Mice lost up to 14% of their original body weight, with a 42% decrease in total food consumption. We previously had found significant up-regulation of genes encoding proliferative enzymes, proteins related to acute phase reactions and cytoskeletal functions, and other biomarkers of a cachexia-like inflammatory state in lungs of mice exposed to ozone. These results are consistent with a general up-regulation of different gene families responsive to NF-#kappa#B in the lungs of the exposed mice. In the present study, we observed significant down-regulation of different families of mRNAs in the livers of ...

2005-10-15

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Effect of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate on Sphingolipid Metabolic Enzymes in Rat Liver

BackgroundTransposons, i.e. transposable elements (TEs), are the major internal spontaneous mutation agents for the variability of eukaryotic genomes. To address the general issue...Full Text Available

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Effect of Cyclohexanone Treatment on the Activities of Oxygen Free Radical Metabolizing Enzyme in the Liver Damaged Rats

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2011-09-01

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Effect of Circadian Rhythms on the Xylene Metabolizing Enzyme Activities in Rats

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2002-06-01

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Use of nuclear techniques in studies of uptake and metabolic fate of xenobiotics in plants

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2001-06-01

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[mRNA level and cytochrome P450 1A activity in the liver of C57BL mice induced by various xenobiotics].

The use of municipal sewage sludge as a fertilizer in agriculture is a convenient method of disposal. However, sludge is often contaminated with toxic organic compounds such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with implications for soil fertility and quality of crops for human and animal consumption. These compounds can be assimilated by intact plants or in-vitro cell-Culture systems. The amount of uptake depends on the plant species and on the physico-chemical conditions that influence, for example, molecular configuration; uptake rates are higher with low-molecular-weight and polar compounds. The xenobiotic can be converted to polar conjugates and hydroxylated metabolites that may also be toxic. In some cases, large amounts of the compound and/or its metabolic products are incorporated into non-extractable residues. The bound residues, especially those associated with carbohydrate ...

1997-10-01

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The role of fatty acid desaturases in epidermal metabolism

The rate of hepatic cytochrome P450 Cypla1 and Cyp1a2 induction was investigated in C57BL male mice during induction with o-aminoazotoluene (OAT), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (AQ). The Cypla1 mPNA level determined by quantitative RT-competitive PCR increased more than three orders of magnitude during induction with OAT and BP compared with untreated animals and remained unchanged during induction with AQ. The Cypla2 mRNA level was only 8.5, 18.7 and 1.9 times higher during induction with OAT, BP and AQ respectively than in untreated mice. At the same time 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-Methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD) activities of Cypla were also investigated in liver. The increase of Cypla1 mRNA level correlated with the increase of EROD activity. This suggests involvement of the transcriptional mechanism of the inducibility of this enzyme. In the case of Cypla2 there was insignificant increase of its mRNA level but high ...

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Efficient preparation of internally modified single-molecule constructs using nicking enzymes

The lipid composition of skin is important to a variety of functions served by this organ. Therefore, skin expresses multiple enzymes that synthesize and metabolize lipids. An important class of lipid...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

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Investigations of enzymes involved in DNA metabolism have strongly benefited from the establishment of single molecule techniques. These experiments frequently require elaborate DNA substrates, which...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

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Metabolism of Cytokinin

The effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on cytosolic nucleotide metabolism

As part of the study of cytokinin metabolic pathways, an enzyme, adenosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.-), which catalyzed the ribosylation of N⁶-(Δ²-isopentenyl)adenine,...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Several enzymes of the metabolic pathways responsible for metabolism of cytosolic ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are located in mitochondria. Studies described in this paper suggest dysfunction of the mitochondria to affect these metabolic pathways and limit the available levels of cytosolic ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides, which in turn can result in aberrant RNA and DNA synthesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to genomic instability, and it is possible that the limiting effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on the levels of nucleotides and resulting aberrant RNA and DNA synthesis in part can be responsible for this link. This paper summarizes the parts of the metabolic pathways responsible for nucleotide metabolism that can be affected by mitochondrial dysfunction.

2010-01-01

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Comparative Evaluation of Different Cell Lysis and Extraction Methods for Studying Benzo(a)pyrene Metabolism in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cell Cultures

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Lysis and extraction of cells are essential sample processing steps for investigations pertaining to metabolism of xenobiotics in cell culture studies. Of particular importance to these procedures are maintaining high lysis efficiency and analyte integrity as they influence the qualitative and quantitative distribution of drug and toxicant metabolites in the intra- and extracellular milieus. In this study we have compared the efficiency of different procedures viz. homogenization, sonication, bead beating, and molecular grinding resin treatment for disruption of HT-29 colon cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound and a suspected colon carcinogen. Also, we have evaluated the efficiency of various procedures for extracting BaP parent c...

2011-01-01

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The Pregnane X Receptor: From Bench to Bedside

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: Targeting Multiple Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Injury with a Single Agent

BackgroundThe pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, regulates the expression of metabolic enzymes and transporters involved...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

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Regulation of lactose catabolism in Streptococcus mutans: purification and regulatory properties of phospho-beta-galactosidase.

SummarySoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a key enzyme in the metabolic conversion and degradation of P450 eicosanoids called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Genetic variations...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

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Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Animal Longevity: Insights from Comparative Studies

Phospho-beta-galactosidase (P-beta-gal), the enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the metabolism of intracellular lactose phosphate, occurred at high specific activity in the cytoplasm in 12 of...Full Text Available

1979-01-01

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Enzymic Capacities of Purified Cauliflower Bud Plastids for Lipid Synthesis and Carbohydrate Metabolism ¹

Chemical reactions in living cells are under strict enzyme control and conform to a tightly regulated metabolic program. However, uncontrolled and potentially deleterious endogenous reactions occur,...Full Text Available

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Effects of DGAT1 deficiency on energy and glucose metabolism are independent of adiponectin

Isolated cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) bud plastids, purified by isopycnic centrifugation in density gradients of Percoll, were found to be highly intact, to be practically devoid...Full Text Available

1985-10-01

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Developmental and metabolic regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

Mice lacking acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), an enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step in triacylglycerol synthesis, have enhanced insulin sensitivity and are protected from...Full Text Available

2006-08-01

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Cell-density-dependent Changes in the Metabolism of Chloronema Cell Cultures

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase in Drosophila melanogaster synthesizes mevalonate for the production of nonsterol isoprenoids, which are essential for growth and...Full Text Available

1988-07-01

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Betaxanthins as Substrates for Tyrosinase. An Approach to the Role of Tyrosinase in the Biosynthetic Pathway of Betalains1

In the growing chloronema cell suspension cultures of the moss Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., activities of several enzymes have been found to be cell-density-dependent. Cyclic nucleotide...Full Text Available

1979-07-01

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Purification by Immunoadsorption and Immunochemical Properties of NADP-Dependent Malic Enzymes from Leaves of C₃, C₄, and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plants

Tyrosinase or polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis and in the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. The role of tyrosinase in the secondary metabolism of...Full Text Available

2005-05-01

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Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by isolated perfused testis and testicular homogenate

NADP:malic enzyme from corn (Zea mays L.) leaves was purified by conventional techniques to apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis....Full Text Available

1990-03-01

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Analysis of Protein Covalent Modification by Xenobiotics using a Covert Oxidatively Activated Tag

In an effort to improve the extrapolation of laboratory data to man and estimate risk of human reproductive toxicity associated with environmental exposure, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the testicular compartment are being studied. Of particular interest is the variety of enzyme systems capable of activating and detoxicating environmental chemicals and drugs. This report compares the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by the isolated perfused testis and testicular homogenates in vitro. The cell free in vitro system metabolized benzo(a)pyrene at a much greater rate than the perfused testis and produced a different spectrum of metabolites. Reliable laboratory prediction of biotransformation by the whole organ or intact animal is an essential aspect of reproductive toxicology.

1980-12-01

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In vivo recovery of glycogen metabolism in hemolymph and tissues of a freshwater field crab Barytelphusa guerini on exposure to hexavalent chromium

Numerous xenobiotics, including therapeutics agents, are substrates for bioactivation to electrophilic reactive intermediates that may covalently modify biomolecules. Selective estrogen receptor...Full Text Available

2005-09-01

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Metabolic and molecular stress responses of gilthead seam bream Sparus aurata during exposure to low ambient temperature: an analysis of mechanisms underlying the winter syndrome

The in vivo toxic effects of hexavalent chromium (20 mg/liter) on hemolymph glucose, tissue glycogen, total free sugars, and active and total phosphorylases of an edible, freshwater crab Barytelphusa guerini were studied. In a 15-day exposure span followed by a 15-day postexposure recovery, the time-course alterations in these constituent segments of the glycogen metabolism indicate an inconsistent depletion in metabolite levels and elevated enzyme activities during exposure period as well as hyperglycemia. An insignificant recovery was observed in these parameters on the 15th day of the postexposure phase.

1990-08-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The winter syndrome in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata indicates that the species is exposed to critically low temperatures in Mediterranean aquaculture in winter. The present study of metabolic patterns and molecular stress responses during cold exposure was carried out to investigate this ?disease?, in light of the recent concept of oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance. The metabolic profile of fuel oxidation was examined by determining the activities of the enzymes hexokinase (HK), aldolase (Ald), pyruvate kinase (PK), l-lactate dehydrogenase (l-LDH), citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) in heart, red and white muscle after exposure to temperatures of 10, 14 and 18?C. Especially, the increase in LDH activity combined ...

2010-01-01

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Effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of desert camel muscle (Camelus dromedarius)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Thirty fattened one humped desert camels were used to examine the effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Ten camels were slaughtered according to seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). Season significantly influenced muscle chemical composition, ultimate pH (pHu) and color. Activities of metabolic enzymes were higher during autumn season compared to summer and winter for phosphofructokinase (+64% compared to both seasons) and for isocitrate dehydrogenase (+35% and +145% in autumn vs. summer and winter, respectively). Quantification of muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed only presence of type I and type IIa MyHC in camel muscle and indicated high proportion in winter for type I and in autumn f...

2012-01-01

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Variations in Kinetic Properties of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylases among Plants

Metabolism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate by a soil pseudomonad. Ring-fission, lactonizing and delactonizing enzymes

Studies of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase from taxonomically diverse plants show that the enzyme from C₃ and crassulacean acid metabolism pathway species exhibits lower K_m(CO₂)...Full Text Available

1981-06-01

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Alterations in Adenylate Kinase Activity in Human PBMCs after In Vitro Exposure to Electromagnetic Field: Comparison between Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF) and Therapeutic Application of a Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Field (TAMMEF)

1. A cell-free system, prepared from Pseudomonas N.C.I.B. 9340 grown on 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA) was shown to catalyse the reaction sequence: 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol...Full Text Available

1971-05-01

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Metals and kidney autoimmunity.

This study investigated the effects of electromagnetic fields on enzymes involved in purine metabolism in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Cells were obtained from 20 volunteers. We...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

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The effect of phytic acid on the levels of blood glucose and some enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

The causes of autoimmune responses leading to human kidney pathology remain unknown. However, environmental agents such as microorganisms and/or xenobiotics are good candidates for that role. Metals,...Full Text Available

1999-10-01

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Selective metabolic stimulation of the subfornical organ and pituitary neural lobe by peripheral angiotensin II

In this study, six groups of rats were fed as follows: Groups 1 and 2 were fed formulated diets supplemented with zinc or without zinc respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were fed formulated diets supplemented with zinc plus phytic acid extracted from sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) or commercial phytic acid respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were fed formulated diets supplemented with phytic acid extract from sweet potato or commercial phytic acid respectively. The animals were fed for three weeks and then sacrificed The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as transaminases in the liver were determined. Blood glucose level was also assessed. Phytic acid extract consumption from sweet potato and commercial phytic acid plus zinc supplement lowered blood glucose levels. There was no significant change in the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase among the groups. Similarly, phytic acid supplementation showed no ...

2005-03-01

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The disruption of l-carnitine metabolism by aluminum toxicity and oxidative stress promotes dyslipidemia in human astrocytic and hepatic cells

The subfornical organ is a major receptor area for one of the principal stimuli of thirst, the octapeptide, angiotensin II. In conscious water-sated rats, the authors examined the effects of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II on the rate of glucose utilization in the subfornical organ and in structures anatomically and functionally connected with it. Angiotensin II produced pressor and drinking responses and increased glucose utilization selectively in the subfornical organ and pituitary neural lobe and in no other brain structure. Treatment with the angiotensin II antagonist, sar1-leu8-angiotensin II, before intravenous administration of angiotensin II prevented metabolic stimulation of the subfornical organ and neural lobe. Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, reduced subfornical organ glucose metabolism to a level similar to that found in control animals. These results demonstrate that peripheral ...

1985-01-01

37

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

l-Carnitine is a critical metabolite indispensable for the metabolism of lipids as it facilitates fatty acid transport into the mitochondrion where b-oxidation occurs. Human astrocytes (CCF-STTG1 cells) and hepatocytes (HepG2 cells) exposed to aluminum (Al) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were characterized with lower levels of l-carnitine, diminished b-oxidation, and increased lipid accumulation compared to the controls. g-Butyrobetainealdehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBDOX), two key enzymes mediating the biogenesis of l-carnitine, were sharply reduced during Al and H2O2 challenge. Exposure of the Al and H2O2-treated cells to a-ketoglutarate (KG), led to the recovery of l-carnitine production with the concomitant reduction in ROS levels. It appears that the chann...

2011-01-01

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Nuclear Targeting of Methyl-Recycling Enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Mediated by Specific Protein Interactions.

[Fe]-hydrogenases in green algae: photo-fermentation and hydrogen evolution under sulfur deprivation

Numerous transmethylation reactions are required for normal plant growth and development. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and adenosine kinase (ADK) act coordinately to recycle the by-product of these reactions, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) that would otherwise competitively inhibit methyltransferase (MT) activities. Here, we report on investigations to understand how the SAH produced in the nucleus is metabolized by SAHH and ADK. Localization analyses using green fluorescent fusion proteins demonstrated that both enzymes are capable of localizing to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, although no obvious nuclear localization signal was found in their sequences. Deletion analysis revealed that a 41-amino-acid segment of SAHH (Gly(150)-Lys(190)) is required for nuclear targeting of this enzyme. This segment is surface exposed, shows unique sequence conservation patterns in plant SAHHs, and possesses additional features of ...

2011-10-01

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Preferential induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 over cytochrome P450 1B1 in human breast epithelial cells following exposure to quercetin

Recent studies indicate that [Fe]-hydrogenases and H{sub 2} metabolism are widely distributed among green algae. The enzymes are simple structured and catalyze H{sub 2} evolution with similar rates than the more complex [Fe]-hydrogenases from bacteria. Different green algal species developed diverse strategies to survive under sulfur deprivation. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii evolves large quantities of hydrogen gas in the absence of sulfur. In a sealed culture of C. reinhardtii, the photosynthetic O{sub 2} evolution rate drops below the rate of respiratory O{sub 2} consumption due to a reversible inhibition of photosystem II, thus leading to an intracellular anaerobiosis. The algal cells survive under these anaerobic conditions by switching their metabolism to a kind of photo-fermentation. Although possessing a functional [Fe]-hydrogenase gene, the cells of Scenedesmus obliquus produce no significant amounts of H{sub 2} under ...

2002-12-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Estrogen metabolism is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies suggest that diets rich in phytoestrogens are associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Phytoestrogens are biologically active plant compounds that structurally mimic 17b-estradiol (E2). We hypothesize that phytoestrogens, may provide protection against breast carcinogenesis by altering the expression of estrogen-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1A1) and 1B1 (Cyp1B1). Cyp1A1 and Cyp1B1 are responsible for the metabolism of E2 to generate 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), respectively. Studies suggest that 2-OHE2 and 2-methoxyestradiol may protect against breast carcinogenesis, while 4-OHE2 is carcinogenic in rodent models....

2008-01-01

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Chemopreventive effects of Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-inducible genotoxicity

p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from "modified" polystyrene.

1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) is an anti-inflammatory agent with a propenone moiety and chemically synthesized recently. In this study, we examined the chemopreventive effect of FPP-3 on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced genotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. FPP-3 reduced the formation of the DMBA-DNA adduct. DMBA-induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression and enzyme activity were inhibited by FPP-3. It inhibited DMBA-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivation and DMBA-inducible nuclear localization of the AhR. Induction of detoxifying phase II genes by chemopreventive agents represents a coordinated protective response against oxidative stress and neoplastic effects of carcinogens. Transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant response element (ARE) of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (QR). FPP-3 ...

2008-05-01

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Meso Scale Discovery and Luminex Comparative Analysis of Calbindin D28K

Alkylphenols are widely used as plastic additives and surfactants. We report the identification of an alkylphenol, nonylphenol, as an estrogenic substance released from plastic centrifuge tubes. This...Full Text Available

1991-05-01

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Genetic Analysis of Cytoprotective Functions Supported by Graded Expression of Keap1?

The sensitivity of different renal regions to xenobiotics requires the development of a multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneous analysis of kidney biomarkers. Calbindin D28K is a distal tubule-specific...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

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Free radical mediated cell toxicity by redox cycling chemicals.

Keap1 regulates Nrf2 activity in response to xenobiotic and oxidative stresses. Nrf2 is an essential regulator of cytoprotective genes. Keap1-null mice are lethal by weaning age due...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

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Effects of hyperbilirubinaemia on glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in cerebellar cortex of the Gunn rat.

Free radical formation has been implicated in the toxicity of a wide range of xenobiotics. In recent years, particular interest has been paid to compounds which can undergo a one electron reduction...Full Text Available

1987-06-01

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Systems Biology Approach in Chlamydomonas Reveals Connections between Copper Nutrition and Multiple Metabolic Steps[C][W][OA

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isoenzymes involved in the detoxication of a variety of electrophilic xenobiotics. The present investigation demonstrates that GST activity and...Full Text Available

1993-04-15

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Myocardial pharmacokinetics of ebastine, a substrate for cytochrome P450 2J, in rat isolated heart

In this work, we query the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii copper regulon at a whole-genome level. Our RNA-Seq data simulation and analysis pipeline validated a 2-fold cutoff and 10 RPKM (reads per kilobase of mappable length per million mapped reads) (~1 mRNA per cell) to reveal 63 CRR1 targets plus another 86 copper-responsive genes. Proteomic and immunoblot analyses captured 25% of the corresponding proteins, whose abundance was also dependent on copper nutrition, validating transcriptional regulation as a major control mechanism for copper signaling in Chlamydomonas. The impact of copper deficiency on the expression of several O2-dependent enzymes included steps in lipid modification pathways. Quantitative lipid profiles indicated increased polyunsaturation of fatty acids on thylakoid membrane digalactosyldiglycerides, indicating a global impact of copper deficiency on the photosynthetic apparatus. Discovery of a putative plastid copper chaperone and a membrane ...

2011-04-01

48

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is well established that cytochrome P450 2J (CYP2J) enzymes are expressed preferentially in the heart, and that ebastine is a substrate for CYP2J, but it is not known whether ebastine is metabolized in myocardium. Therefore, we investigated its pharmacokinetics in the rat isolated perfused heart. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat isolated hearts were perfused in the recirculating mode with ebastine for 130-min. The concentrations of ebastine and its metabolites, hydroxyebastine and carebastine, were measured using liquid chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometry. The data were analysed by a compartmental model. The time course of negative inotropic response was linked to ebastine concentration to determine the concentration-effect relationship. KEY RESULTS Ebastine w...

2011-01-01

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Mechanical wounding induces a nitrosative stress by down-regulation of GSNO reductase and an increase in S-nitrosothiols in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules such as peroxynitrite, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), and nitrotyrosine, among others, are involved in physiological processes as well in the mechanisms of response to stress conditions. In sunflower seedlings exposed to five different adverse environmental conditions (low temperature, mechanical wounding, high light intensity, continuous light, and continuous darkness), key components of the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the enzyme activities L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS), S-nitrosogluthathione reductase (GSNOR), nitrate reductase (NR), catalase, and superoxide dismutase, the content of lipid hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), the cellular level of N...

2011-01-01

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Food-grade gene expression in lactic acid bacteria

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract In the 1990s, significant efforts were invested in the research and development of food-grade expression systems in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). At this time, Lactococcus lactis in particular was demonstrated to be an ideal cell factory for the food-grade production of recombinant proteins. Steady progress has since been made in research on LAB, including Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, in the areas of recombinant enzyme production, industrial food fermentation, and gene and metabolic pathway regulation. Over the past decade, this work has also led to new approaches on chromosomal integration vectors and host/vector systems. These newly constructed food-grade gene expression systems were designed with specific attention to self-cloning strategies, food-grade selection...

2011-01-01

51

In vivo effects of cadmium chloride on certain aspects of protein metabolism in tissues of a freshwater field crab Barytelphusa guerini

In vivo effects of cadmium chloride on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in the tissues of a freshwater field crab Barytelphusa guerini

Heavy metals discharged from industries are a major source of pollution which has become a threat to all forms of life. Among the various heavy metals, cadmium is known to be highly toxic even in low concentrations. The harmful effects of cadmium is attributed to its effects on sulfhydryl groups of enzymes, especially dehydrogenases. Various aspects of cadmium pollution on fishes have been extensively reviewed. A survey of the literature reveals that few attempts have been made to study the various aspects of cadmium toxicity in crustaceans and these studies were mainly devoted to marine forms. The freshwater crustaceans, particularly the freshwater field crab, Barytelphusa guerini, has received little attention. The present study reports the influence of cadmium on certain aspects of protein metabolism in the tissues of a freshwater field crab, Barytelphusa guerini, and important component of the paddy field ecosystem, exposed to sublethal ...

1991-04-01

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Genetic engineering of group 2 sigma factor SigE widely activates expressions of sugar catabolic genes in Synechocystis species PCC 6803.

Cadmium is a toxic, non-essential heavy metal inhibiting numerous enzymes with functional sulfhydryl groups. Among the animals, aquatic organisms are most sensitive to heavy metals. Various aspects of toxic effects of cadmium pollution on fishes have been extensively reviewed. Survey of literature reveals that relatively few attempts have been made on the various aspects of cadmium toxicity in crustaceans and these studies were mainly devoted to marine forms. The freshwater crustaceans, particularly the freshwater field crab, Barytelphusa guerini, received less attention. This crab forms one of the major components of the paddy field ecosystem and has an edible importance among local populations. Apart from this, these crabs are easily available, maintainable in the laboratory and data obtained in this study can be extrapolated to other crustaceans. The present study reports the influence of cadmium on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism ...

1989-06-01

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Erratum to: Inhibition of triclabendazole metabolism in vitro by ketoconazole increases disruption to the tegument of a triclabendazole-resistant isolate of Fasciola hepatica

Metabolic engineering of photosynthetic organisms is required for utilization of light energy and for reducing carbon emissions.Control of transcriptional regulators is a powerful approach for changing cellular dynamics, because a set of genes is concomitantly regulated. Here, we show that overexpression of a group 2 ? factor, SigE, enhances the expressions of sugar catabolic genes in the unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes for the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycogen catabolism are induced by overproduction of SigE. Immunoblotting showed that protein levels of sugar catabolic enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase, and isoamylase, are increased. Glycogen levels are reduced in the SigE-overexpressing strain grown under light. Metabolome analysis revealed that metabolite levels of the TCA cycle and ...

2011-07-11

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A study has been carried out to investigate whether the action of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against Fasciola hepatica is altered by inhibition of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme pathway was inhibited using ketoconazole (KTZ) to see whether a TCBZ-resistant isolate could be made more sensitive to TCBZ action. The Oberon TCBZ-resistant and Cullompton TCBZ-susceptible isolates were used for these experiments. The CYP 450 system was inhibited by a 2-h pre-incubation in ketoconazole (40??M), then incubated for a further 22?h in NCTC medium containing either KTZ, KTZ?+?nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (1?nM), KTZ?+?NADPH?+?TCBZ (15??g/ml), or KTZ?+?NADPH?+?triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO; 15??g/ml). Changes to fluke ultrastructure following drug treatmen...

2011-01-01

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Open top chamber experiment ``Edelmannshof``: carbohydrate and energy metabolism in needles and trunks from Norway spruce fumigated with unfiltered or charcoal-filtered air in comparison with untreated trees

Lipid Metabolism in Gestational Diabetes

As part of a five-year-lasting open-top-chamber experiment at the `Edelmannshof` site (Welzheimer Wald) we analyzed Norway spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) with regard to carbohydrate and energy (ATP/ADP ratio) metabolism. End products, intermediates, and a regulator of carbon allocation (starch, sucrose, hexoses, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate) as well as enzyme activities involved in sucrose metabolism (sucrose-P synthase, sucrose synthase, acid invertase) were determined in needle and trunk samples of the different treatments (charcoal-filtered, unfiltered, ambient air). Changes of these parameters were documented annually and with regard to needle development (up to 2 years after bud break), and diurnally during an ozone period in midsummer. Samples from trees grown in an unfiltered atmosphere showed relatively high sucrose and hexose contents of the needles. The capacities of sucrose-P synthase (increased; sucrose ...

1997-12-01

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Enzyme induction in neonates after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs

Gestational Diabetes; Hyperlipidemia

2010-11-30

57

Up-regulation of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in Oncidium goldiana grown under elevated carbon dioxide

The /sup 13/C-AP breath test is shown to be a convenient, noninvasive method to monitor velocity and capacity of P450-dependent AP N-demethylation in infancy and childhood. According to /sup 13/C-AP breath tests, neonates have a very low capacity to eliminate /sup 13/CO/sub 2/, which is only 15 to 21% of the activity in adults. During the first year of life AP N-demethylation increases to reach its maximum at about 2 years; afterwards a slight decrease occurs. In 25 neonates exposed prenatally to different antiepileptic drugs /sup 13/C-AP breath test was efficiently used to prove that cytochrome AP N-demethylation was considerably stimulated. After primidone/phenobarbitone, especially in combination with phenytoin, /sup 13/C elimination reaches and even surpasses the range for older children. Valproate exposure during fetal life is not consistently followed by a significant increase in AP N-demethylation. The enzyme induction demonstrated by /sup 13/C-AP breath ...

1983-01-01

58

Explant culture of gastrointestinal tissue: a review of methods and applications

Experiments were conducted in controlled growth chambers to evaluate how increase in CO{sub 2} concentration affected sucrose metabolizing enzymes, especially sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13), as well as carbon metabolism and partitioning in a tropical epiphytic orchid species (Oncidium goldiana). Response of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) to elevated CO{sub 2} was determined along with dry mass production, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, total nitrogen and total soluble protein content. After 60 days of growth, there was a 80% and 150% increase in dry mass production in plants grown at 750 and 1100 {mu} l{sup -}1 CO{sub 2}, respectively, compared with those grown at ambient CO{sub 2} (about 370 {mu} l{sup -}1). A similar increase in photosynthesis rate was detected throughout the growth period when measured under growth ...

2001-07-01

59

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an important target organ for the toxicity of xenobiotics. The toxic effects of xenobiotics on this complex, heterogeneous structure have been difficult to model in vitro and have traditionally been assessed in vivo. The explant culture of GI tissue offers an alternative approach. Historically, the organotypic culture of the GI tract proved far more challenging than the culture of other tissues, and it was not until the late 1960s that Browning and Trier described the means by which intestinal tissues could be successfully cultured. This breakthrough provided a tool researchers could utilise, and adapt, to investigate topics such as the pathogenesis of inflammatory intestinal diseases, the effect of growth factors and cytokines on intestinal proliferation...

2011-01-01

60

Vitamins B2 and B6 and genetic polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism as risk factors for gastric adenocarcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

B vitamins and polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism may affect DNA synthesis and methylation and thereby be implicated in carcinogenesis. Previous data on vitamins B2 and B6 and genetic polymorphisms other than those involving MTHFR as risk factors for gastric cancer (GC) are sparse and inconsistent. In this case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, cases (n = 235) and controls (n = 601) were matched for study center, age, sex, and time of blood sampling. B2 and B6 species were measured in plasma, and the sum of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide was used as the main exposure variable for vitamin B2 status, whereas the sum of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid was used to define vitamin B6 status. In addition, we determined eight polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism. Relative risks for GC ...

2010-01-01

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61

Cobalamin- and Corrinoid-Dependent Enzymes

Polymer materials for enzyme immobilization and their application in bioreactors

This chapter will review the literature on cobalamin- and corrinoid-containing enzymes. These enzymes fall into two broad classes, those using methylcobalamin or related methylcorrinoids as...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

62

Effect of Spices on hepatic microsomal enzyme function in mice

Full Text Available

2011-02-01

63

Biosynthesis and metabolism of salicylic acid.

Full Text Available

1984-06-01

64

Recognition and Detoxification of the Insecticide DDT by Drosophila melanogaster Glutathione S-Transferase D1

Pathways of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and metabolism in tobacco have been recently identified. SA, an endogenous regulator of disease resistance, is a product of phenylpropanoid metabolism formed...Full Text Available

1995-05-09

65

Organisms posses enzymes that function in the repair of DNA damaged by radiations, chemicals and metabolic events

GSTD1 is one of several insect glutathione S-transferases capable of metabolizing the insecticide DDT. Here we use crystallography and NMR to elucidate the binding of DDT and glutathione to GSTD1. The crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster GSTD1 has been determined to 1.1 {angstrom} resolution, which reveals that the enzyme adopts the canonical GST fold but with a partially occluded active site caused by the packing of a C-terminal helix against one wall of the binding site for substrates. This helix would need to unwind or be displaced to enable catalysis. When the C-terminal helix is removed from the model of the crystal structure, DDT can be computationally docked into the active site in an orientation favoring catalysis. Two-dimensional {sup 1}H,{sup 15}N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR experiments of GSTD1 indicate that conformational changes occur upon glutathione and DDT binding and the residues that broaden upon DDT ...

2010-06-14

66

Engineering of a psychrophilic bacterium for the bioremediation of aromatic compounds

This report briefly describes the studies on the mechanism of in vivo DNA repairing by the author in Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto Univ. for the past 30 years. First, the ability of UV radiation to induce transformation was investigated with viral DNA. The formation of thymine-thymine dimer was found harmful to organisms and such dimers were removable by UV-radiation at a low frequency. The mutability was determined in three different E.coli strains with mutator gene, mutT, mutS or mutL. The ability to excise 8-oxoguanin developed in primer DNA was deficient in mutT and miss-pairing left after DNA replication could not be recovered in mutL and mutS strains. Further, DNA repairing mechanism was investigated in other microorganisms; single-strand cleavage caused by exposure to BNCB radiation (boron-neutron-captured beam) could not be repaired in E. coli. Whereas for Deinococcus radiodurans, of which survival rate was not decreased by #gamma#-ray radiation at 5 kGy or less, it was ...

1998-01-01

67

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biomedicine. Course organized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita`. Marciana Marina (Isola d`Elba), September 18-23, 1995; Spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare in biomedicina. Corso organizzato dall`Istituto Superiore di Sanita`. Marciana Marina (Isola d`Elba), 18-23 settembre 1995

Microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied with the aim of developing applications for the removal of toxic compounds. Efforts have been directed toward the genetic manipulation of mesophilic bacteria to improve their ability to degrade pollutants, even though many pollution problems occur in sea waters and in effluents of industrial processes which are characterized by low temperatures. From these considerations the idea of engineering a psychrophilic microorganism for the oxidation of aromatic compounds was developed.In a previous paper it was demonstrated that the recombinant Antarctic Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 (PhTAC/tou) expressing a toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) is able to convert several aromatic compounds into corresponding catechols. In our work we improved the metabolic capability of PhTAC/tou cells by combining action of recombinant ToMO enzyme with that of the endogenous P. haloplanktis ...

2010-01-27

68

Sustained metabolic scope.

Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful technique that can be used in a wide range of applications, such as the structural characterization of high molecular weight molecules, conformational studies on enzymes in solution, enzyme-substrate or DNA-protein interactions, monitoring of cell metabolism in vivo, and for diagnostic purposes, employing spectroscopic and imaging techniques. This course was organized in order to introduce the participants to the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy, and offer practical advice on performing NMR experiments on cell systems, cell and tissue extracts and animal models. The main implications regarding human experiments were also discussed. Finally the quantification of information and the interpretation of data were considered with regard to the main nuclei observed. [Italiano] La risonanza magnetica nucleare e` una delle tecniche spettroscopiche che meglio risponde all`ampio spettro di ...

1997-12-01

69

Pulmonary metabolism of foreign compounds: its role in metabolic activation.

Sustained metabolic rates (SusMR) are time-averaged metabolic rates that are measured in free-ranging animals maintaining constant body mass over periods long enough that metabolism is fueled by food...Full Text Available

1990-03-01

70

Modulation of Benzene Metabolism by Exposure to Environment

The lung has the potential of metabolizing many foreign chemicals to a vast array of metabolites with different pharmacological and toxicological properties. Because many chemicals require metabolic...Full Text Available

1990-04-01

71

Metabolism and function of phosphatidylinositol-derived arachidonic acid

Lung Diseases; Cancer

2005-06-23

72

Lipid metabolism in the larval and adult forms of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides.

Short communication.

1990-01-01

73

Integration of metabolic databases for the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks

PMID:5924644

1966-09-25

74

Glucose metabolism and evaluation of hypoglycemia in neonates

BackgroundGenome-scale metabolic reconstructions have been recognised as a valuable tool for a variety of applications ranging from metabolic engineering to evolutionary studies....Full Text Available

75

Calcium and phosphate metabolism and disorders in the newborn

Full Text Available

2007-03-01

76

Uptake, transport, and storage of calcium and magnesium in spruce (Picea abies [L]Karst.) and pine (Pinus silvestris L.) as affected by variable nutrition and pollutant stress

Full Text Available

2007-03-01

77

Prostaglandin (PG) E3 synthesis elicted by adrenergic stimuli in guinea-pig trachea (GPT) is mediated primarily by B2 adrenergic receptors

Statements about the dynamic processes of uptake, transport, and deposition of Ca and Mg in norway spruce and Scots pine are made in this paper. Concerning the storage of these elements it is shown that there are great differences in their functional importance in cell metabolism. There is evidence that the role of Mg in enzyme and protein metabolism is of far greater significance for the understanding of Mg-deficiency symptoms than its function as the central atom of the chlorophyll complexes. In regard to the transport and especially to the incorporation of Ca into the needles differences between species were evident, expressing the special status of pine among the gymnosperms. With increasing needle age an accumulation of Ca-oxalate crystals, which are physiologically inert, could be proved for the studied conifers. This was interpreted as a 'detoxication' from surplus Ca to hold constant the level of the physiologically ...

78

Prostaglandin (PG) E3 synthesis elicted by adrenergic stimuli in guinea-pig trachea (GPT) is mediated primarily by B2 adrenergic receptors

The purpose of this study was to examine arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and to characterize the type of adrenergic receptor (AR) involved in the production of the major metabolite of this fatty acid. ({sup 14}C)AA was incubated with GPT-rings and the radiolabelled products were extracted and separated by TLC method. The medium was also assayed for radiolabelled immunoreactive PG's (iPG's) and leukotrienes (LT) B4 and C4 by RIA or Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) after exposure to various AR agonists. ({sup 14}C)AA was incorporated into GPT-rings and metabolized mainly into iPGE2 and smaller amounts into PGF2{alpha}. Trace amounts of PGD2 and 6-keto-PGF1{alpha} but not LTB4 or LTC4 were detected by RIA and/or EIA. Incubation of GPT rings for 15 minutes with isoproterenol and salbutamol resulted in a significant increase of PGE2 synthesis (optimum conc: 10{sup {minus}7}, 10{sup {minus}7}M respectively). In ...

1990-02-26

79

Biosynthesis of sucrose and mannitol as a function of leaf age in celery (Apium graveolens L. )

The purpose of this study was to examine arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and to characterize the type of adrenergic receptor (AR) involved in the production of the major metabolite of this fatty acid. ["1"4C]AA was incubated with GPT-rings and the radiolabelled products were extracted and separated by TLC method. The medium was also assayed for radiolabelled immunoreactive PG's (iPG's) and leukotrienes (LT) B4 and C4 by RIA or Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) after exposure to various AR agonists. ["1"4C]AA was incorporated into GPT-rings and metabolized mainly into iPGE2 and smaller amounts into PGF2#alpha#. Trace amounts of PGD2 and 6-keto-PGF1#alpha# but not LTB4 or LTC4 were detected by RIA and/or EIA. Incubation of GPT rings for 15 minutes with isoproterenol and salbutamol resulted in a significant increase of PGE2 synthesis (optimum conc: 10"-"7, 10"-"7M respectively). In contrast, dobutamine, norepinephrine, phenylnephrine ...

1991-04-21

80

Display of Recombinant Proteins on Bacillus subtilis Spores, Using a Coat-Associated Enzyme as the Carrier?

In celery (Apium graveolens L.), the two major translocated carbohydrates are sucrose and the acyclic polyol mannitol. Their metabolism, however, is different and their specific functions are uncertain. To compare their roles in carbon partitioning and sink-source transitions, developmental changes in /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ labeling, pool sizes, and key enzyme activities in leaf tissues were examined. The proportion of label in mannitol increased dramatically with leaf maturation whereas that in sucrose remained fairly constant. Mannitol content, however, was high in all leaves and sucrose content increased as leaves developed. Activities of mannose-6-P reductase, cytoplasmic and chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatases, sucrose phosphate synthase, and sucrose synthase increased with leaf maturation and decreased as leaves senesced. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and nonreversible glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase activities rose as leaves ...

1988-01-01

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81

Chemical complementation: A reaction-independent genetic assay for enzyme catalysis

The display of proteins such as feed enzymes at the surface of bacterial spore systems has a great potential use for animal feed. Feed enzymes increase the digestibility of nutrients, leading to greater...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

82

The kinetic model of the shikimate pathway as a tool to optimize enzyme assays for high-throughput screening.

A high-throughput assay for enzyme activity has been developed that is reaction independent. In this assay, a small-molecule yeast three-hybrid system is used to link enzyme catalysis to transcription...Full Text Available

2002-12-24

83

9902631 - Lysozyme - NASA

Four-enzyme section of the shikimate pathway (Aro B, D, E, and K) of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been studied. Kinetic properties of the individual enzymes and three- and four-enzyme linked reactions have been characterized in vitro. On the basis of the data measured in spectrophotometric and LC-MS experiments, kinetic mechanisms of the enzymes have been suggested and all kinetic parameters have been identified. Kinetic models for these three- and four-enzyme sections of the shikimate pathway have been constructed and validated. The model of the four-enzyme section of shikimate pathway has been employed to design an inhibition-sensitive reconstituted pathway for a high-throughput screening effort on the shikimate pathway. It was demonstrated that using the model it was possible to optimize this reconstituted pathway in such a way to provide equal sensitivity of ...

2006-11-01

84

Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes

Protein isolated from hen egg-white and functions as a bacteriostatic enzyme by degrading bacterial cell walls. First enzyme ever characterized by protein ...

85

Involvement of AMP-activated-protein-kinase (AMPK) in neuronal amyloidogenesis

Few studies have examined energy metabolism during prolonged, strenuous exercise. We wanted therefore to investigate energy metabolic consequences of a prolonged period of continuous strenuous work...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

86

Evaluation of ¹³C isotopic tracers for metabolic flux analysis in mammalian cells

AMP-activated-protein-kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor and regulator of cellular and whole-body energy metabolism and plays a key role in regulation of lipid metabolism. Since lipid metabolism...Full Text Available

2010-09-03

87

Detecting variants with Metabolic Design, a new software tool to design probes for explorative functional DNA microarray development

¹³C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is the most comprehensive means of characterizing cellular metabolic states. Uniquely labeled isotopic tracers enable more focused analyses to probe...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

88

Secondary Structure Analysis of a G-rich Sequence Recognizing RNA Aptamer with Structure Specific Enzymes

BackgroundMicroorganisms display vast diversity, and each one has its own set of genes, cell components and metabolic reactions. To assess their huge unexploited metabolic potential...Full Text Available

89

Purification and Characterization of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors from Sinapis alba L.

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

90

Protective effects of Opuntia ficus-indica on Glutathione and Antioxidative Enzyme

Full Text Available

2000-06-01

91

Meta Analysis to Draw the Appropriate Regimen of Enzyme and Probiotic Supplementation to Pigs and Chicken Diets

Full Text Available

2003-12-01

92

Loss of contraction force in dermal fibroblasts with aging due to decreases in myosin light chain phosphorylation enzymes

Full Text Available

2011-04-01

93

Isolation and Characterization of Acinetobacter sp. BD5 Producing Lipolytic Enzyme

Full Text Available

94

Enzymic synthesis of 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose. Purification of the enzyme from Zea mays, and preparation of antibodies to the enzyme.

Full Text Available

2006-07-01

95

Effect of simulated Acid Rain on the Morphology and Enzyme of Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara

The enzyme indol-3-ylacetylglucose synthase (UDP-glucose:indol-3-ylacetate beta-D-glucosyltransferase) catalyses the reaction: [formula: see text] This is the first step in the series of reactions leading...Full Text Available

1991-10-15

96

Effect of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory from Hydrolysate of Soybean Protein Isolate

Full Text Available

1996-04-01

97

Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Gill And Digestive Glands of the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to Cu

Full Text Available

2010-01-01

98

Antioxidant and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I Inhibitory Activity on Different Parts of Germinated Rough Rice

Full Text Available

2010-03-01

99

Salicylate Metabolism in Twins

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

100

Dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway promotes transformation

To evaluate the contribution of genetic influences on the individual variation in plateau serum salicylate levels, salicylate metabolism was studied in seven pairs of identical and six pairs of fraternal...Full Text Available

1977-07-01

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101

Cancer as a metabolic disease

The importance of cancer metabolism has been appreciated for many years, but the intricacies of how metabolic pathways interconnect with oncogenic signaling are not fully understood. With a clear understanding...Full Text Available

2010-08-24

102

Survey report for fiscal 1998. Survey of the current state and tasks of research and development of technologies for effectively utilizing CO{sub 2} fixation by higher vegetation; 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Koto shokubutsu ni okeru nisanka tanso koteika yuko riyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu no genjo to kadai ni kansuru chosa

Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which...Full Text Available

103

Molecular evolution and characterization of fungal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases.

Investigations and studies are conducted seeking for a CO2 fixation method improved by utilizing the photosynthesizing function of higher vegetation. Details of higher vegetation genes are being disclosed thanks to the rapid progress of studies making use of molecular biological techniques, and the application of the genetic mechanism to scientific and technological fields is becoming increasingly feasible. In particular, the role of the CO2 fixation enzyme RuBisCO has been elucidated almost completely. It has been learned that, in terms of photosynthesizing capability, the C{sub 4} plants (corn etc.) are 2-3 times higher than the C{sub 3} plants (rice, wheat, etc.), and 5-10 times higher than the CAM plants (cactuses etc.). Studies are also under way about the rice genome so that a photosynthesizing capability so high as that of the C{sub 4} plants may be endowed the rice plant. The metabolism and control of useful substances produced in the ...

1999-03-01

104

Deficiency of the housekeeping gene hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) dysregulates neurogenesis.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are tryptophan-degrading enzymes. Mammalian IDO expression is induced by cytokines and has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. A major role of mammalian TDO is to supply nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). In fungi, the IDO homologue is thought to be expressed constitutively and supply NAD(+), as TDO is absent from their genomes. Here, we reveal the distribution of IDO genes among fungal species and characterize their enzymatic activity. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has only one IDO gene, whereas the koji-mold, Aspergillus oryzae has two genes, IDO? and IDO?. The A. oryzae IDO? showed more similar enzymatic properties to those of S. cerevisiae IDO than IDO?, suggesting that the A. oryzae IDO? is a functional homologue of the S. cerevisiae IDO. From the IDO? gene, two isoforms, IDO? and IDO?(+) could be generated by alternative splicing. The latter contained a 17 amino ...

2010-12-18

105

Decreased duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis in immature and adult female rats prenatally exposed to cimetidine

Neuronal transcription factors play vital roles in the specification and development of neurons, including dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Mutations in the gene encoding the purine biosynthetic enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) cause the resulting intractable and largely untreatable neurological impairment of Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND). The disorder is associated with a defect in basal ganglia DA pathways. The mechanisms connecting the purine metabolic defect and the central nervous system (CNS) phenotype are poorly understood but have been presumed to reflect a developmental defect of DA neurons. We have examined the effect of HPRT deficiency on the differentiation of neurons in the well-established human (NT2) embryonic carcinoma neurogenesis model. We have used a retrovirus expressing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down HPRT gene expression and have examined the expression of a number of transcription factors ...

2009-08-11

106

A criterion to determine whether cis-4-hydroxyproline is produced in animal tissues

The effect of prenatal cimetidine exposure (PreCM) on the duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis (DPN) was assessed in immature (14- and 28-day old) and adult (50-60-day old) male and female rats. PreCM exposure was accomplished by treating mothers with cimetidine (CM) (20 mg/kg, ip) daily for the last two days of gestation and then (0.01% in drinking water) throughout lactation. Pregnant mothers of untreated offspring (Con) received saline. PreCM decreased DPN to 505 +/- 33 min (from 611 +/- 23 min in Con) and 393 +/- 190 min (from 686 +/- 44 min in Con) in 14-day old male and female rats, respectively. Similarly, PreCM decreased DPN to 88 +/- 15 min (from 134 +/- 3 min in Con) and 102 +/- 19 min (from 171 +/- 44 min in Con) in 28-day old male and female rats, respectively. At 21 days, PreCM did not alter DPN in either sex. At 50-60 days, however, it decreased DPN to 144 +/- 41 min (from 238 +/- 7 min in Con) in females but had no effect in males; PreCM also increased the plasma ...

1986-03-01

107

A criterion to determine whether cis-4-hydroxyproline is produced in animal tissues

Hydrolyzates of tissues that had been labeled with (14C)proline often contain significant amounts of cis-4-hydroxy(14C)proline. Since animal cells do not contain an enzyme which can effect formation of cis-4-hydroxyproline, there are only two possible explanations for its presence. Either it is formed during acid hydrolysis of trans-4-hydroxyproline (which is synthesized by cells and is a common constituent of connective tissues), or it is produced by a nonenzymatic mechanism such as attack by oxygen radicals. It is important to resolve this issue because if a nonenzymatic mechanism is active in connective tissues, then it will be necessary to reevaluate currently accepted ideas about production of hydroxyproline. This communication describes a method for distinguishing between the two alternate explanations. Tissues or cells are labeled with (14C)proline, and then a known amount of trans-4-hydroxy(3H)proline is added to each sample before hydrolysis; the relative ...

1984-03-01

108

The Effect of Garlic and Medicinal Plants Extracts on the Liver Function and Lipid Metabolism of Rats Administered with Alcohol

Hydrolyzates of tissues that had been labeled with [14C]proline often contain significant amounts of cis-4-hydroxy[14C]proline. Since animal cells do not contain an enzyme which can effect formation of cis-4-hydroxyproline, there are only two possible explanations for its presence. Either it is formed during acid hydrolysis of trans-4-hydroxyproline (which is synthesized by cells and is a common constituent of connective tissues), or it is produced by a nonenzymatic mechanism such as attack by oxygen radicals. It is important to resolve this issue because if a nonenzymatic mechanism is active in connective tissues, then it will be necessary to reevaluate currently accepted ideas about production of hydroxyproline. This communication describes a method for distinguishing between the two alternate explanations. Tissues or cells are labeled with [14C]proline, and then a known amount of trans-4-hydroxy[3H]proline is added to each sample before hydrolysis; the relative ...

1984-01-01

109

Effects of season and body condition score on lipid metabolism and oxidative status of periparturient dairy cows

Full Text Available

2009-05-01

110

Effects of Calcium Supplementations on Mineral Metabolism during Pregnancy with Calcium-Deficient Young Adult Rats

No abstract prepared.

2005-07-01

111

Effects of Ca Supplementation on Mineral Metabolism during Pregnancy and Lactation of Calcium-Deficient Young Adult Rats

Full Text Available

2003-06-01

112

Effect of nitric oxide on endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis, protein synthesis and energy metabolism

Full Text Available

2004-07-01

113

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

ATPase, endoplasmic reticulum, calcium, ischaemia

2000-01-01

114

Computer-aided quantitative bone scintigraphy: A new method for the detection of an increasing bone metabolism

Computer-aided quantitative bone scintigraphy: A new method for the detection of an increasing bone metabolism

Published in summary form only.

1989-04-01

115

Coastal metabolism and the oceanic organic carbon balance

Published in summary form only.

116

Analysis of the relationship between metabolic parameters and the low doses irradiation and non-raditaion factors in humans

The metabolism of organic matter in the coastal regions of the ocean may significantly affect the oceanic carbon budget. This paper describes the high percentage (30%) of oceanic oxidation that occurs in coastal areas and the impact of this metabolism on the carbon cycle and climate of earth. Organic metabolism in the ocean appears to be a source of carbon dioxide release into the atmosphere. Oxidation in the coastal zone is of special interest, as it is likely influenced by anthropogenic activity. Recommendations for future research on this topic are proposed. 129 refs., 2 figs., 6 tabs.

1993-02-01

117

Ameliorating Effect of Capsaicin on Alterations in Lipid Metabolism during Mice Lung Carcinoma

Short communication.

1994-10-25

118

A trial of the quantitative bone scintigraphy in bone metabolic disease

Full Text Available

2009-02-01

119

UV inactivation: Combined effects of UV radiation and xenobiotics in two strains of Saccharomyces

Japanese (Jan 1986). Japan Taniguchi, Yoshiyuki Torizumi, Kazutami Katu,

120

Unexpected diversity of RNase P, an ancient tRNA processing enzyme: challenges and prospects

The effects of eight chemicals on the inactivation rate of ultraviolet radiation on the colony building capabilities of two strains of Saccharomyces cervisae - a wild type strain and a mutant deficient in excision repair - were studied. The insecticide methoxychlor, the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, the fungicide pentachlorophenol and its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone, as well as the chemicals acrylonitrile and 2,3-dichloro-1-propene have no significant impact on the effects of UV radiation in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Depending on the concentration, trichloroethylene increases the sensitivity to UV radiation. The herbicide paraquat provides efficient protection against UV radiation at concentrations where a toxic effect cannot be observed even without UV. The results were rather similar for both strains. (orig.).

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121

Proteinases and Enzyme Stability in Crude Extracts of Castor Bean Endosperm ¹

For an enzyme functioning predominantly in a seemingly housekeeping role of 5′ tRNA maturation, RNase P displays a remarkable diversity in subunit make-up across the three domains of...Full Text Available

2010-01-21

122

Phosphoglycerate kinase and triosephosphate isomerase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima form a covalent bifunctional enzyme complex.

The stability of catalase, fumarase, and isocitrate lyase from deliberately broken organelles in crude extracts from endosperm tissue of castor bean seedlings has been examined. These enzymes are relatively...Full Text Available

1981-03-01

123

Partial Purification and Characterization of Indol-3-Ylacetylglucosemyo-Inositol Indol-3-Ylacetyltransferase (Indoleacetic Acid-Inositol Synthase) ¹

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima has been purified to homogeneity. A second larger enzyme with PGK activity and identical N-terminal sequence was...Full Text Available

1995-02-01

124

Overexpression of bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme gene in Trichoderma reesei enhanced the production of ethylene

A procedure is described for the purification of the enzyme indol-3-ylacetylglucose:myo-inositol indol-3-ylacetyltransferase (IAA-myo-inositol synthase). This enzyme...Full Text Available

1990-12-01

125

Evaluation of the microparticle enzyme immunoassay Abbott IMx Select Chlamydia and the importance of urethral site sampling to detect Chlamydia trachomatis in women.

In order to efficiently utilize natural cellulose materials to produce ethylene, three expression vectors containing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) gene from Pseudomonas...Full Text Available

126

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Recombinant K39 Antigen in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the commercial microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), Abbott IMx Select Chlamydia, for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in women and to compare its performance with endocervical...Full Text Available

1997-12-01

127

Enzyme amplified immunoassay: a novel technique applied to direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens.

The recombinant product (rK39) of the 39-amino-acid repeats encoded by a kinesin-like protein-encoding gene of Leishmania chagasi was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...Full Text Available

2001-11-01

128

Determination of antibody response to influenza virus surface glycoproteins by kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Endocervical swabs from 212 women and urethral swabs from 100 men were tested by the routine methods for McCoy cell culture and simultaneously by a novel enzyme amplified immunoassay test to detect...Full Text Available

1985-10-01

129

Cellulase-Xylanase Synergy in Designer Cellulosomes for Enhanced Degradation of a Complex Cellulosic Substrate

We modified an existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be able to use new spectrophotometers which can measure the rate of color development in microtiter wells. This new kinetic-based...Full Text Available

1988-10-01

130

CDC45 and DPB11 are required for processive DNA replication and resistance to DNA topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage

Designer cellulosomes are precision-engineered multienzyme complexes in which the molecular architecture and enzyme content are exquisitely controlled. This system was used to examine enzyme cooperation...Full Text Available

131

Biotransformation of Explosives by the Old Yellow Enzyme Family of Flavoproteins

The antitumor agent camptothecin targets DNA topoisomerase I by reversibly stabilizing a covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate. The subsequent collision of DNA replication forks with these drug-enzyme-DNA...Full Text Available

1999-09-28

132

Beta-lactamases as fully efficient enzymes. Determination of all the rate constants in the acyl-enzyme mechanism.

Several independent studies of bacterial degradation of nitrate ester explosives have demonstrated the involvement of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases related to the old yellow enzyme (OYE) of yeast....Full Text Available

2004-06-01

133

Allosteric regulation of glycerol kinase by enzyme IIIglc of the phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.

The rate constants for both acylation and deacylation of beta-lactamase PC1 from Staphylococcus aureus and the RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli were determined by the acid-quench method [Martin...Full Text Available

1990-03-15

134

Activation of cycasin to a mutagen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae by rat intestinal flora.

The mechanism by which enzyme IIIglc of the bacterial phosphotransferase system regulates the activity of crystalline glycerol kinase from Escherichia coli has been studied, and the inhibitory effects...Full Text Available

1985-05-01

135

A rationale for stabilization of oxygen-labile enzymes: application to a clostridial hydrogenase.

Genetic test systems involving microorganisms and liver enzyme preparations may be insufficient to detect compounds that require breakdown by enzymes provided by the microbial flora of the intestinal...Full Text Available

1983-02-01

136

Excitation Energy Transfer Study of the Spatial Relationship ...

A general procedure for stabilization of O2-labile enzymes exploiting "salting out" of oxygen from the microenvironment in the molecular layers immediately adjacent to charged surfaces of polyionic...Full Text Available

1978-08-01

137

Effects of Green Tea Catechin on Serum Lipid Composition and Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme Activity in Rats Exposed to Microwave

... closely correlated to the amount of re- centration. The molar extinction coefficients were agent added to the enzyme. The naphtha- ...

1988-02-15

138

Effects of Feeding the Mixed Oils of Butter, Sardine and Safflower on the Lipid Components in Serum and Activities of Hepatic Functional Enzymes in Rats

Full Text Available

2004-06-01

139

Effect of Medicinal Plant Water Extracts on Glucose-regulating Enzyme Activities in Goto-Kakizaki Rat Liver Cytosol

Full Text Available

1992-12-01

140

"6"7Ga scintigraphy, serum lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme in pulmonary sarcoidosis

Full Text Available

2009-10-01

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141

Enzyme discovery in hybrid aspen for fibre engineering

... angiotensin gallium 67 lungs lysozyme patients sarcomas beta decay

142

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionEnzymes are natural catalysts that are used increasingly to replace environmentally harmful chemicals and to achieve better catalytic selectivity during pulp and paper processing. The main objective of this project is to identify novel plant enzymes for deeper understanding of the process of fibre formation and for future improvement of the quality parameters of wood fibres. Specific modification of the fibre characteristics will facilitate their use as raw materials for the current pulp and pap [continued...

2005-01-31

143

Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats

Lysis of Escherichia coli cells by lysozyme: Discrimination between adsorption and enzyme action

Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human diseases. The mechanism of its toxicity is not fully understood. Therefore, the role of cadmium in renal toxicity, and the protective role of selenium against this toxicity were investigated. Forty-five male rats were used through out the study and divided into three groups of 15. The first group received saline solution daily for 10 days. The second group, received cadmium chloride (CdCl_2) (2 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally daily for a period of 10 days. The third group, received sodium selenite (1 mg/kg body weight, twice a day) and CdCl_2 (once a day) for a period of 10 days. The results showed that cadmium treatment increased renal lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA) which was associated with a significant decrease in the antioxidant systems such as reduced glutathione levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). On the other hand, pretreatment of rats ...

2007-06-25

144

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The key factors of enzymatic lysis of cells are the interaction between the enzyme and the cell - catalytic and non-catalytic adsorption of enzyme on cell surface. Here, the studies of lysis of intact Escherichia coli cells by chicken egg white lysozyme were performed. It was found that the ionic strength has a dual effect onto the system. On the one hand, the desorption constant of the enzyme increases with the increase of the solution ionic strength, which results in a better enzyme performance. On the other hand, due to the higher osmosis, the cell lysis rate decreases with the increasing of ionic strength of the system. It was found that pH 8.6 and 30mM NaCl are optimal conditions for lysis of E. coli cells by lysozyme.

2011-01-01

145

Lipase-mediated hydrolysis of corn DDGS oil: Kinetics of linoleic acid production

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, we investigated the kinetics of linoleic acid production via lipase-mediated hydrolysis of corn DDGS oil in a batch reactor with continuous mechanical agitation and developed a kinetic model that incorporated the product inhibition to study the complete hydrolysis. The model agreed very well with observed data; though situations with low enzyme dosage or low stirring rates were modeled successfully without product inhibition, actual product concentration in such situations was too low to exert any inhibitory effects. Increasing the enzyme concentration increased hydrolysis, and beyond certain enzyme concentrations, effects tended to fade away because of excessive enzyme desorption from the interface. An enzyme dosage within the range of 40-60KLU/L of oil dispersion could be ...

2010-01-01

146

Distinguishing two groups of flavin reductases by analyzing the protonation state of an active site carboxylic acid

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Flavin-containing reductases are involved in a wide variety of physiological reactions such as photosynthesis, nitric oxide synthesis, and detoxification of foreign compounds, including therapeutic drugs. Ferredoxin-NADP(H)-reductase (FNR) is the prototypical enzyme of this family. The fold of this protein is highly conserved and occurs as one domain of several multidomain enzymes such as the members of the diflavin reductase family. The enzymes of this family have emerged as fusion of a FNR and a flavodoxin. Although the active sites of these enzymes are very similar, different enzymes function in opposite directions, that is, some reduce oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and some oxidize reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In t...

2011-01-01

147

A Comparative Biochemical Characterization of Microbial Transglutaminases: Commercial vs. a Newly Isolated Enzyme from Streptomyces Sp.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new microbial transglutaminase (MTGase or MTG, EC 2.3.2.13) from a Streptomyces sp. strain isolated from Brazilian soil samples was characterized in crude and purified forms. The aim of this work is to provide relevant information about a new transglutaminase and to compare its characteristics with the well-known commercial transglutaminase from Ajinomoto Co. Inc. (Activa? TG-BP). The enzyme from Streptomyces sp., in both crude and pure forms, exhibited optimal activity in the 6.0?6.5 pH range and at 35?40?C. The results for the commercial enzyme were the same. A second maximum of activity was observed at pH?10.0 with both the crude Streptomyces sp. enzyme and the commercial enzyme. This interesting fact has not been reported in the literature previously. The fact that this second maximu...

2010-01-01

148

Yeast allosteric chorismate mutase is locked in the activated state by a single amino acid substitution

Cellulolytic Enzymes Production via Solid-State Fermentation: Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics of Substrate.

Chorismate mutase, a branch-point enzyme in the aromatic amino acid pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and also a mutant chorismate mutase with a single amino acid substitution in the C-terminal part of the protein have been purified approximately 20-fold and 64-fold from overproducing strains, respectively. The wild-type enzyme is activated by tryptophan and subject to feedback inhibition by tyrosine, whereas the mutant enzyme does not respond to activation by tryptophan nor inhibition by tyrosine. Both enzymes are dimers consisting of two identical subunits of M_r 30,000, each one capable of binding one substrate and one activator molecule. Each subunit of the wild-type enzyme also binds one inhibitor molecule, whereas the mutant enzyme lost this ability. The enzyme reaction was observed by "1H NMR and shows a direct and irreversible ...

149

The metabolism of the isomeric decalones

We investigated the effect of pretreatment on the physicochemical characteristics-crystallinity, bed porosity, and volumetric specific surface of soybean hulls and production of cellulolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae cultures. Mild acid and alkali and steam pretreatments significantly increased crystallinity and bed porosity without significant change inholocellulosic composition of substrate. Crystalline and porous steam-pretreated soybean hulls inoculated with T. reesei culture had 4 filter paper units (FPU)/g-ds, 0.6?IU/g-ds ?-glucosidase, and 45?IU/g-ds endocellulase, whereas untreated hulls had 0.75?FPU/g-ds, 0.06?IU/g-ds ?-glucosidase, and 7.29?IU/g-ds endocellulase enzyme activities. In A. oryzae steam-pretreated soybean hulls had 47.10?IU/g-ds endocellulase compared to 30.82?IU/g-ds in untreated soybean hulls. Generalized linear statistical model fitted to ...

2011-06-15

150

The effect of diphenylhydantoin on thyroxine metabolism in man

1. The metabolism of (±)-cis-1-, (±)-trans-1-, (±)-cis-2- and (±)-trans-2-decalone in the rabbit...Full Text Available

1966-08-01

151

The effect of IL6-174C/G polymorphism on postprandial triglyceride metabolism in the GOLDN study*

The effect of 5,5′-diphenylhydantoin on thyroxine metabolism was examined in five normal volunteers. Intravenous injection of radiothyroxine was followed by a 10-12 day control and subsequent...Full Text Available

1970-06-01

152

The Metabolism of the Germinating Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Seedling 1

Chronically elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) affects lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Individuals genetically predisposed to higher IL-6 secretion may be at risk of dyslipidemia, especially during the...Full Text Available

2008-08-01

153

The Long-Term Effects of Prematurity and Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Function

The metabolism of ¹⁴C-labeled fatty acids and triacylglycerols was followed in intact germinating oil palm seedlings as well as in tissue slices. In the germinating seedling, the shoot contained...Full Text Available

1983-12-01

154

The Heparan and Heparin Metabolism Pathway is Involved in Regulation of Fatty Acid Composition

Objective. To determine relative influences of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth on risks of cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic dysfunction in adolescent...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

155

SirT3 suppresses hypoxia inducible factor 1? and tumor growth by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production

Six genes involved in the heparan sulfate and heparin metabolism pathway, DSEL (dermatan sulfate epimerase-like), EXTL1 (exostoses (multiple)-like 1), HS6ST1...Full Text Available

156

Prevention of cardiovascular disease: Obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

It has become increasing clear that alterations in cellular metabolism have a key role in the generation and maintenance of cancer. Some of the metabolic changes can be attributed to the activation...Full Text Available

2011-06-30

157

Polyamine Metabolism in Ripening Tomato Fruit ¹

The current obesity pandemic is expected to result in considerable downstream morbidity, mortality and incremental costs to health care systems around the world. The major metabolic complications of...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

158

Pathophysiological, Genetic and Gene Expression Features of a Novel Rodent Model of the Cardio-Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolism of [1,4-¹⁴C]putrescine and [terminal methylene-³H]spermidine was studied in the fruit pericarp (breaker stage) discs of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum...Full Text Available

1990-11-01

159

PDP-1 Links the TGF-? and IIS Pathways to Regulate Longevity, Development, and Metabolism

BackgroundComplex etiology and pathogenesis of pathophysiological components of the cardio-metabolic syndrome have been demonstrated in humans and animal models.Methodology/Principal...Full Text Available

160

Metabolic syndrome in subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

The insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway is a conserved regulator of longevity, development, and metabolism. In Caenorhabditis elegans IIS involves activation of DAF-2 (insulin/IGF-1...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

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161

Metabolic labeling and direct imaging of choline phospholipids in vivo

BACKGROUND: Each component of metabolic syndrome (MS) conveys increased cardiovascular disease risk, but as a combination they become much more powerful. Vigorous early management of the syndrome may...Full Text Available

2004-06-01

162

Metabolic clearance of biologically active luteinizing hormone in man.

Choline (Cho)-containing phospholipids are the most abundant phospholipids in cellular membranes and play fundamental structural as well as regulatory roles in cell metabolism and signaling. Although...Full Text Available

2009-09-08

163

Malolactic fermentation: electrogenic malate uptake and malate/lactate antiport generate metabolic energy.

The plasma metabolic clearance of biologically active luteinizing hormone (bioactive LH) was studied using the rat interstitial cell testosterone (RICT) bioassay in six hypogonadotropic men after single...Full Text Available

1986-04-01

164

METABOLIC REGULATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE SULFURYLASE IN YEAST

The mechanism of metabolic energy production by malolactic fermentation in Lactococcus lactis has been investigated. In the presence of L-malate, a proton motive force composed of a membrane potential...Full Text Available

1991-10-01

165

Listeria monocytogenes Infection Induces Prosurvival Metabolic Signaling in Macrophages?

de Vito, Peter C. (Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.), and Jacques Dreyfuss. Metabolic regulation of adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase in yeast. J. Bacteriol. 88:1341–1348....Full Text Available

1964-11-01

166

Juvenile salmon with high standard metabolic rates have higher energy costs but can process meals faster

Host cells use metabolic signaling through the LXRα nuclear receptor to defend against Listeria monocytogenes infection. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is a natural ligand of LXRs that...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

167

Influence of obesity on the metabolism of apolipoprotein B in humans.

Basal or standard metabolic rate (SMR) has been found to exhibit substantial intraspecific variation in a range of taxa, but the consequences of this variation are little understood. Here we explore...Full Text Available

2009-06-07

168

Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome on the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

The influence of obesity on the metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was investigated...Full Text Available

1985-08-01

169

Histamine Regulation in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism via Histamine Receptors

We sought to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction and its effect on clinical outcomes. Employing data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

170

Functional significance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) variants in the metabolism of active tamoxifen metabolites

Histamine has been proposed to be an important regulator of energy intake and expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate histamine regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and development...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

171

Functional Exoenzymes as Indicators of Metabolically Active Bacteria in 124,000-Year-Old Sapropel Layers of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. A major mode of metabolism of the major active metabolites of TAM, 4-OH-TAM...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

172

Energy metabolism of the untrained muscle of elite runners as observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: evidence suggesting a genetic endowment for endurance exercise.

Hydrolytic exoenzymes as indicators of metabolically active bacteria were investigated in four consecutive sapropel layers collected from bathyal sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. For comparison,...Full Text Available

2000-06-01

173

Effects of Essential Oils on Ruminal Microorganisms and Their Protein Metabolism

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether genetically determined properties of muscle metabolism contribute to the exceptional physical endurance of world-class distance runners. ATP, phosphocreatine,...Full Text Available

1988-12-01

174

Effect of naproxen on glucose metabolism and tolbutamide kinetics and dynamics in maturity onset diabetics.

A commercial blend of essential oil (EO) compounds was added to a grass, maize silage, and concentrate diet fed to dairy cattle in order to determine their influence on protein metabolism by ruminal...Full Text Available

2003-08-01

175

Do insect metabolic rates at rest and during flight scale with body mass?

1 The influence of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen on glucose metabolism and on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been studied in ten maturity-onset diabetics. 2...Full Text Available

1981-03-01

176

Disturbance of inorganic phosphate metabolism in diabetes mellitus: temporary therapeutic intervention trials

Energetically costly behaviours, such as flight, push physiological systems to their limits requiring metabolic rates (MR) that are highly elevated above the resting MR (RMR). Both RMR and MR during...Full Text Available

2005-09-22

177

Calcium Requirements and Metabolism in Chinese-American Boys and Girls

A paradoxical metabolic imbalance in inorganic phosphate occurs from the early onset of diabetes and may lead to a reduction of high energy phosphates and tissue hypoxia. These changes take place in...Full Text Available

178

Association of mineral composition of neonatal intravenous feeding solutions and metabolic bone disease of prematurity.

Calcium requirements of North American adolescents were set at 1300 mg/day based on data from white girls. Calcium requirements for Asian-American adolescents have not been studied. Using metabolic...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

179

Association of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms with osteoporotic fracture risk in postmenopausal Korean women

To assess the effects of increasing the mineral content of parenteral nutrition solutions on the biochemical and radiological indicators of metabolic bone disease of prematurity 27 neonates who required...Full Text Available

1989-04-01

180

Altered myocardial substrate metabolism is associated with myocardial dysfunction in early diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: studies using positron emission tomography

There is increasing evidence of a biochemical link between lipid oxidation and bone metabolism. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and metabolizes biologically...Full Text Available

2011-02-28

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181

BackgroundIn vitro data suggest that changes in myocardial substrate metabolism may contribute to impaired myocardial function in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)....Full Text Available

182

Abscisic Acid Alters the Metabolism of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Senescing Flowers of Cucumis melo L

The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a key regulator of metabolism, stress resistance and longevity. Apart from its role as ...Full Text Available

183

AICAR inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3L1 and restores metabolic alterations in diet-induced obesity mice model

Experiments were conducted to investigate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism associated with postanthesis senescence of ovaries from nonpollinated muskmelon (Cucumis...Full Text Available

1990-11-01

184

A Review of the Biochemistry, Metabolism and Clinical Benefits of Thiamin(e) and Its Derivatives

BackgroundObesity is one of the principal causative factors involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that regulates...Full Text Available

185

A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study of the Acute Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers

Thiamin(e), also known as vitamin B1, is now known to play a fundamental role in energy metabolism. Its discovery followed from the original early research on the ‘anti-beriberi factor’...Full Text Available

2006-03-01

186

A Comparison of the Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids of Different Chain Lengths in Developing Oilseeds

Background and RationaleAtypical antipsychotics exhibit metabolic side effects including diabetes mellitus and obesity. The adverse events are preceded by acute worsening of oral...Full Text Available

187

The Effects of Dietary Chinese Cabbage Kimchi Juice on the Lipid Metabolism and Body Weight Gain in Rats Fed High-Calories-Diet

To determine if medium and long chain fatty acids can be appropriately metabolized by species that normally produce 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids, homogenates of developing Cuphea wrightii, Carthamus...Full Text Available

1989-07-01

188

jahresbericht6.5NEU

Wastenet

The industrial revolution changed the pattern of human interaction with nature profoundly.Not only did social metabolism

189

The Effect of Combined Estrogen/calcium Therapy on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats I. A Study on Biochemical Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

Full Text Available

2004-01-01

190

Effects of the Feeding Mixed Oils of the Butter, Sardine and Safflower Oils on Fatty Acid Metabolism of Serum and Liver in Rats

Full Text Available

1996-12-01

191

Effect of Garlic and Medicinal Plants Composites on the Liver Function and Lipid Metabolism of Rats Administered with Ethanol During the Short-term

Full Text Available

1992-12-01

192

Effect of Dietary Fat Sources and L-arginine Supplementation on Endothelial function and Lipid Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Full Text Available

2009-07-01

193

Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Isotope Ratios of Cellulose from Submerged Aquatic Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and Non-Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plants

Full Text Available

2002-01-01

194

Depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Southern Taiwan

Isotope ratios of cellulose and cellulose nitrate from aquatic Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and non-CAM plants were determined. Cellulose oxygen istope ratios for all plants that grew together...Full Text Available

1984-09-01

195

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Aims.- To examine the relationships between depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Taiwan. Background.- Research suggests associations between depression, metabolic syndrome and quality of life. Despite this fact, few studies have investigated these relationships among Taiwanese. Design.- A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used to conduct this study. Methods.- A convenience sample of 140 adults participated in the study. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson-s correlations, hierarchical regression and t-tests. Results.- Almost a half of the subjects (465%) had metabolic syndrome. The most common combination of metabolic synd...

2011-01-01

196

Homology analyses of the protein sequences of fatty acid synthases from chicken liver, rat mammary gland, and yeast

Topoisomerases of kinetoplastid parasites: why so fascinating?

Homology analyses of the protein sequences of chicken liver and rat mammary gland fatty acid synthases were carried out. The amino acid sequences of the chicken and rat enzymes are 67% identical. If conservative substitutions are allowed, 78% of the amino acids are matched. A region of low homologies exists between the functional domains, in particular around amino acid residues 1059-1264 of the chicken enzyme. Homologies between the active sites of chicken and rat and of chicken and yeast enzymes have been analyzed by an alignment method. A high degree of homology exists between the active sites of the chicken and rat enzymes. However, the chicken and yeast enzymes show a lower degree of homology. The DADPH-binding dinucleotide folds of the {beta}-ketoacyl reductase and the enoyl reductase sites were identified by comparison with a known consensus sequence for the DADP- and ...

1989-11-01

197

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary DNA topoisomerases are the key enzymes involved in carrying out high precision DNA transactions inside the cells. However, they are detrimental to the cell when a wide variety of topoisomerase-targeted drugs generate cytotoxic lesions by trapping the enzymes in covalent complexes on the DNA. The discovery of unusual heterodimeric topoisomerase I in kinetoplastid family added a new twist in topoisomerase research related to evolution, functional conservation and their preferential sensitivity to Camptothecin. On the other hand, structural and mechanistic studies on kinetoplastid topoisomerase II delineate some distinguishing features that differentiate the parasitic enzyme from its prokaryotic and eukaryotic counterparts. This review summarizes the recent advances in research in kin...

2006-01-01

198

The vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) mutation suppresses an HR-like cell death induced by the double knockout mutant of vacuolar Ca2+-ATPases in Arabidopsis

Telomeric recombination induced by dysfunctional telomeres

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

199

Solid-state fermentation of lignocellulotic materials for the production of enzymes by the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta in a modular bioreactor

Telomere maintenance is essential for cellular immortality, and most cancer cells maintain their telomeres through the enzyme telomerase. Telomeres and telomerase represent promising anticancer...Full Text Available

2011-01-15

200

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Trametes hirsuta, a filamentous basidiomycete, was successfully cultivated in solid-state fermentation (SSF) on a mixture of pine wood chips and orange peel in a novel bioreactor that allows mixing of the inoculated solid material during the fermentation. Copper sulfate or xylidine (2,5-dimethylaniline) were added to enhance the production of enzymes, especially laccases. For comparison, Trametes hirsuta was also cultivated in submerged conditions. The effect of additives in SSF was low, whereas the choice of the solid material and the rotation of the reactor vessel showed a significant influence on the enzyme production. The space-time yields for the fermentations were calculated and showed that SSF on low-cost substrates can effectively produce extracellular enzymes at a suffici...

2011-01-01

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201

Pressure Stabilization of Proteins from Extreme Thermophiles

One-electron reduction of chloroperoxidase by radiolytically generated electrons

We describe the stabilization by pressure of enzymes, including a hydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii, an extremely thermophilic deep-sea methanogen. This is the first published...Full Text Available

1994-03-01

202

One-electron reduction of chloroperoxidase by radiolytically generated electrons

Upon irradiation of aqueous ethylene glycol/water solutions of native chloroperoxidase (CPO) with {sup 60}Co-gamma rays at 77K one observes the one-electron reduction of the enzyme active site by radiolytically generated thermolyzed electrons. In the present study the first absorption spectrum of a low-spin ferrous form of CPO is reported which has peaks at 438, 532 and 563 nm, similar to those observed previously for cytochrome P-450. All previously described ferrous forms of CPO are high spin. In order to observe the final results of the CPO reaction with electrons, the spectral changes of native enzyme after room temperature-gamma-irradiation have also been investigated. Evidence of changes is also presented probably connected with disruption of the tertiary structure of enzyme, correlated with decrease of enzyme activity.

1990-05-16

203

Kinetics of inhibition of green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase by sodium (2,2'-bipyridine) oxodiperoxovanadate.

Upon irradiation of aqueous ethylene glycol/water solutions of native chloroperoxidase (CPO) with "6"0Co-gamma rays at 77K one observes the one-electron reduction of the enzyme active site by radiolytically generated thermolyzed electrons. In the present study the first absorption spectrum of a low-spin ferrous form of CPO is reported which has peaks at 438, 532 and 563 nm, similar to those observed previously for cytochrome P-450. All previously described ferrous forms of CPO are high spin. In order to observe the final results of the CPO reaction with electrons, the spectral changes of native enzyme after room temperature-gamma-irradiation have also been investigated. Evidence of changes is also presented probably connected with disruption of the tertiary structure of enzyme, correlated with decrease of enzyme activity.

1990-05-01

204

Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Knockouts

Green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) is a metalloenzyme, which catalyzes the nonspecific hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters. The kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme by sodium (2, 2'-bipyridine) oxodiperoxovanadate, pV(bipy), has been studied. The time course of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-phosphate catalyzed by the enzyme in the presence of different pV(bipy) concentrations showed that at each pV(bipy) concentration, the rate decreased with increasing time until a straight line was approached, the straight line slopes are the same for all concentrations. The results suggest that the inhibition of the enzyme by pV(bipy) is a slow, reversible reaction with fractional remaining activity. The microscopic rate constants are determined for the reaction of inhibitor with the enzyme. PMID:10691182

1999-10-01

205

Evaluating concentration estimation errors in ELISA microarray experiments

All treatments for obesity, including dietary restriction of carbohydrates, have a goal of reducing the storage of fat in adipocytes. The chief enzyme responsible for the mobilization of FFA from adipose...Full Text Available

206

Cardiac Enzymes, Renal Failure and Renal Transplantation

BackgroundEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a standard immunoassay to estimate a protein's concentration in a sample. Deploying ELISA in a microarray format permits simultaneous...Full Text Available

207

The biodistribution and effect on hepatic parenchyma with intraarterial injected I-131 lipiodol into hepatic artery

Diagnostic accuracy of the currently available serum markers of cardiac injury, such as myoglobin, creatine kinase and its myocardial isoform, are altered in patients with renal failure. It is shown...Full Text Available

2006-03-01

208

Bidirectional reaction steps in metabolic networks: II. Flux estimation and statistical analysis.

Iodized oil has been used as a contrast agent in lymphangiography. One of the commercially available compounds is Lipidol Ultra-fluid(LUF) which contains 38% iodine by weight. Nakakuma et al(1979) reported that LUF was selectively retained in the hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma when injected directly into the ligated hepatic artery. Since that time, it has been widely utilized in the detection as well as the therapeutic attempts of hepatocellular carcinoma, where it has been mixed with chemotherapeutic agents or labeled with radioactive I-131. Like all significant advances, the mechanism of lipid retention within the hepatocellular carcinoma is not clearly understood, and also there is a lack of information about the biodistribution and kinetics of I-131 Lipiodol. The apparent safety of this technique require confirmation. The present study was aimed to assess the biodistribution and kinetics of intraarterially injected I-131 Lipiodol and the histologic changes in canine livers. ...

1989-08-15

209

The Acidic Domain of Hepatitis C Virus NS4A Contributes to RNA Replication and Virus Particle Assembly?

Metabolic carbon labelling experiments enable a large amount of extracellular fluxes and intracellular carbon isotope enrichments to be measured. Since the relation between the measured quantities and the unknown intracellular metabolic fluxes is given by bilinear balance equations, flux determination from this data set requires the numerical solution of a nonlinear inverse problem. To this end, a general algorithm for flux estimation from metabolic carbon labelling experiments based on the least squares approach is developed in this contribution and complemented by appropriate tools for statistical analysis. The linearization technique usually applied for the computation of nonlinear confidence regions is shown to be inappropriate in the case of large exchange fluxes. For this reason a sophisticated compactification transformation technique for nonlinear statistical analysis is developed. Statistical analysis is then ...

1997-07-01

210

Synthesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug analogues for selective studies on the COX-II enzyme

Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that exhibits serine protease, RNA helicase, and RNA-stimulated ATPase activities. This enzyme complex is essential for viral genome replication...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

211

Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations in degS and degU.

Synthesis of the azido substituted non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenylacetic acid and isotope labeling of this compound have been performed and are described. Initial evaluation of the binding ability and photoreactivity indicates that this compound has potential for photoaffinity labeling as well as enzyme selectivity studies. (author).

212

Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting immunoglobulin M antibodies to Sindbis virus and further evidence that Pogosta disease is caused by a western equine encephalitis complex virus.

The rates of synthesis of a class of both secreted and intracellular degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis are controlled by a signal transduction pathway defined by at least four regulatory genes:...Full Text Available

1990-02-01

213

Radial distribution of dose and cross-sections for the inactivation of dry enzymes and viruses

An antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was adapted for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to Sindbis (SIN) virus. Sera from humans with a febrile illness characterized by rash and...Full Text Available

1985-10-01

214

Physiological effects of manipulating the level of insulin-degrading enzyme in insulin-producing cells of Drosophila

A new semi-empirical algorithm for the radial distribution of dose is compared with available data. The algorithm is used to calculate the inactivation cross section for dry enzymes and viruses using an extended target model of a 1-hit detector. Agreement with data is at about the 15% level, approximating the precision of the data itself. (author).

1985-05-01

215

Evolution of a bifunctional enzyme: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase.

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades insulin and other peptides, including the Aβ peptide of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism by which IDE acts on its substrates...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

216

Enzymic Synthesis of Indole-3-Acetyl-1-O-?-d-Glucose ¹

The bifunctional rat liver enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-phosphotransferase/D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase, EC 2.7.1.105/EC...Full Text Available

1989-12-01

217

Determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA to Brucella melitensis major outer membrane proteins and whole-cell heat-killed antigens in sera of patients with brucellosis.

The first enzyme-catalyzed reaction leading from indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the myo-inositol esters of IAA is the synthesis of indole-3-acetyl-1-O-β-d-glucose...Full Text Available

1988-12-01

218

DNA-new combination: a practical application in the sugar industry

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to compare Brucella melitensis major outer membrane proteins (MOMP) and whole-cell heat-killed antigens (HK) in measuring antibrucella immunoglobulin G...Full Text Available

1989-08-01

219

DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes from aluminum production plant workers determined by 32P-postlabeling and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

One of the first technical applications of gene technology is reported here. The DNA of E. coli cells was rearranged such that these cells produce large quantities of the enzyme ..cap alpha..-galactosidase. This enzyme is used to split the trisaccharide, raffinose, which is formed during the production of sugar from sugar beet. By this means sugar yields can be increased and the energy required for sugar crystallisation reduced.

1983-04-01

220

Comparison of indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western immunoblot for the diagnosis of Lyme disease in dogs.

32P-Postlabeling analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been used to detect DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes from primary aluminum production plant workers who were exposed...Full Text Available

1993-03-01

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221

Changes in the profile structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane induced by phosphorylation of the Ca2+ ATPase enzyme in the presence of terbium: a time-resolved x-ray diffraction study.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay (IFA), and Western immunoblot were used to test serum samples from 128 dogs for the presence of antibody to Borrelia...Full Text Available

1990-01-01

222

Inborn Errors of Metabolism Presenting in Childhood

The design of the time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments reported in this and an accompanying paper was based on direct measurements of enzyme phosphorylation using [gamma-32P]ATP that were employed...Full Text Available

1994-05-01

223

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Neurodegenerative and neurometabolic disorders may cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. Imaging is important in early diagnosis of metabolic disorders and in determining the extent of brain injury. Especially after the development of new techniques such as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), neuroimaging plays more important role in the diagnosis and management of these disorders. In these disorders, usually a mutation causes a clinically significant block in one or more metabolic pathways. This blockage usually results in either a deficiency of the product or in an accumulation of substrate with damage induced by either storage or toxicity. The presenting symptoms are usually nonspecific. In some of the ...

2011-01-01

224

Hypothalamic control of energy and glucose metabolism

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The central nervous system (CNS), generally accepted to regulate energy homeostasis, has been implicated in the metabolic perturbations that either cause or are associated with obesity. Normally, the CNS receives hormonal, metabolic, and neuronal input to assure adequate energy levels and maintain stable energy homeostasis. Recent evidence also supports that the CNS uses these same inputs to regulate glucose homeostasis and this aspect of CNS regulation also becomes impaired in the face of dietary-induced obesity. This review focuses on the literature surrounding hypothalamic regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis and discusses how dysregulation of this system may contribute to obesity and T2DM.

2011-01-01

225

[F-18]FDG PET metabolic indices for the evluation of glioma

Tuberculous Granulomas Are Hypoxic in Guinea Pigs, Rabbits, and Nonhuman Primates?

[F-18]FDG PET brain imaging is an accurate predictor of primary brain tumor grading and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate simplified [F-18]FDG PET metabolic indices as indicators of proliferative activity of brain tumor cells. Twenty-five patients with glioma were studied with [F-18]FDG PET. From the tissue radioactivity ratios, following tumor metabolic indices were calculated: 1) the tumor-to-whole brain ratio (T/WB), 2) the ratio of tumor-to-contralateral gray matter at the level of centrum semiovale (T/GM), 3) the ratio of tumor-to-contralateral white matter at the level of centrum semiovale (T/WM), 4) the tumor-to-ipsilateral cerebella ratio (T/iCB) and 5) the tumor-to-contralateral cerebellar ratio (T/cCB). A standardized threshold method was used to define ROIs in the tumor areas having representative metabolic activites. Correlations of the tumor metabolic indices with ...

1997-05-16

226

Transformation of Verapamil by Cunninghamella blakesleeana

Understanding the physical characteristics of the local microenvironment in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides is an important goal that may allow the targeting of metabolic processes...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

227

The diagnosis of young-onset dementia

A filamentous fungus, Cunninghamella blakesleeana AS 3.153, was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to transform verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist. The metabolites...Full Text Available

2004-05-01

228

The cardiomyopathy associated with methylsalicylate

A diagnosis of dementia is devastating at any age but diagnosis in younger patients presents a particular challenge. The differential diagnosis is broad as late presentation of metabolic disease...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

229

Dogs challenged with toxic doses of methylsalicylate developed acute myocardiopathy. Metabolic manifestations of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by methylsalicylate (MS) were observed. Oxygen...Full Text Available

1975-05-01

230

Obesity and periodontal disease

High resolution of NMR spectroscopic data of biosamples are a rich source of information on the metabolic response to physiological variation or pathological events. There are many advantages...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

231

Mitochondrial uncoupling and lifespan

Obesity is characterized by the abnormal or excessive deposition of fat in the adipose tissue. Its consequences go far beyond adverse metabolic effects on health, causing an increase in oxidative stress,...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

232

Mitochondria and PGC-1? in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases

The quest to understand why we age has given rise to numerous lines of investigation that have gradually converged to include metabolic control by mitochondrial activity as a major player. That...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

233

JMassBalance: mass-balanced randomization and analysis of metabolic networks

Aging is the most significant risk factor for a range of degenerative disease such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. While the cause of aging and its associated diseases...Full Text Available

234

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary: Analysis of biological networks requires assessing the statistical significance of network-based predictions by using a realistic null model. However, the existing network null model, switch randomization, is unsuitable for metabolic networks, as it does not include physical constraints and generates unrealistic reactions. We present JMassBalance, a tool for mass-balanced randomization and analysis of metabolic networks. The tool allows efficient generation of large sets of randomized networks under the physical constraint of mass balance. In addition, various structural properties of the original and randomized networks can be calculated, facilitating the identification of the salient properties of metabolic networks with a biologically meaningful null model. Availability and Imp...

2011-01-01

235

Issues in the Pharmacokinetics of Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolites

If I Had - A Family Member with Metabolic Syndrome

Much progress has been made in understanding the complex pharmacokinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE). Qualitatively, it is clear that TCE is metabolized to multiple metabolites either locally or into...Full Text Available

2006-09-01

236

Medline Plus

... elevated blood sugar levels, but not full-blown diabetes. What are the keys to preventing the disease? ... been well studied, in a study called The Diabetes Prevention Program, in several thousand people with this ...

237

Homocysteine and Familial Longevity: The Leiden Longevity Study

HbA1c: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Homocysteine concentrations are a read-out of methionine metabolism and have been related to changes in lifespan in animal models. In humans, high homocysteine concentrations are an important predictor...Full Text Available

238

Francisella Tularensis Metabolism and its Relation to Virulence

MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed...

2011-08-30

239

Focal fits during chlorambucil therapy

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing the zoonotic disease tularaemia in a large number of mammalian species and in arthropods. F. tularensis...Full Text Available

240

Effects of the Feeding Mixed with Various Levels of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on the Lipid Components and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Serum Lipoprotein in Hyperlipidemic Rats

An elderly man receiving chlorambucil for chronic lymphatic leukaemia developed focal fits. The onset and frequency were dose related. There was no evidence of metabolic disturbance or of meningeal...Full Text Available

1979-11-01

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241

Effects of the Feeding Mixed Oils with Various Level of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on the Fatty Acid Metabolism of Brain, Heart and Spleen in Dietary Hyperlipidemic Rats

Full Text Available

1993-10-01

242

Diabetic complications and dysregulated innate immunity

Full Text Available

1993-12-01

243

Current Projects - Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging ...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that leads to the development of a number of complications. The etiology of each diabetic complication is undoubtedly multifactorial. We will focus...Full Text Available

244

Citrate Fermentation by Lactococcus and Leuconostoc spp

diet and genetic obesity metabolic defects and inflammation. To determine the role of adipocyte death in promoting adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in animal...

2011-08-31

245

Apheresis affects bone and mineral metabolism

Citrate and lactose fermentation are subject to the same metabolic regulation. In both processes, pyruvate is the key intermediate. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis...Full Text Available

1991-12-01

246

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background: Apheresis is a procedure to selectively obtain blood components. For the collection process citrate is routinely used. It inhibits coagulation by binding to ionized calcium and leads to metabolic alkalosis. Objective: Whether regular apheresis affects bone and mineral metabolism is unknown. The intention of this study was to investigate 1) the acute effects of apheresis on acid-base balance, bone and mineral metabolism and 2) to compare bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and hip of donors to matched control subjects. Design: In this open, observational, single-center, cross-sectional study we enrolled 102 regular plasma and thrombocyte donors to pursue objective 1) and compared those to 102 matched controls (CTR) for objective 2). Results: Platelet donation led to s...

2010-01-01

247

Quantum Transition State Theory for proton transfer reactions in enzymes

CERN Document Server

We consider the role of quantum effects in the transfer of hyrogen-like species in enzyme-catalysed reactions. This study is stimulated by claims that the observed magnitude and temperature dependence of kinetic isotope effects imply that quantum tunneling below the energy barrier associated with the transition state significantly enhances the reaction rate in many enzymes. We use a path integral approach which provides a general framework to understand tunneling in a quantum system which interacts with an environment at non-zero temperature. Here the quantum system is the active site of the enzyme and the environment is the surrounding protein and water. Tunneling well below the barrier only occurs for temperatures less than a temperature $T_0$ which is determined by the curvature of potential energy surface near the top of the barrier. We argue that for most enzymes this temperature is less than room ...

2009-01-01

248

GENERIC ENZYME TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED PAPER RECYCLING

Environmental Research Database

Objectives- Investigate the potential for the use of enzymes to bring about improvements in the recycling of recovered waste paper sources~%~~%~- Optimise enzyme formulations and process conditions to maximise benefits. - Produce recovered fibre at lower energy and chemical costs than is currently achievable using 'classical' de-inking techniques.~%~~%~- Improve recycled fibre quality and~%~~%~- All of the above will allow a greater use of recovered paper resources, which would otherwise be diposed of by [continued...]DescriptionThe project proposes to carry out an initial literature review to update the consortium on the currently available publications relating to the use of enzymes in de-inking.. This will be followed by an intensive laboratory study in an upgraded facility which will allow enzyme formulations and mechanisms to be studied. This ...

2003-01-05

249

Ribose metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis in normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum.

Review of tritium metabolism based on urine bioassay results

The metabolism of pentose-phosphate was investigated in Plasmodium falciparum-infected normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient human red blood cells in vitro. 5'-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate...Full Text Available

1986-04-01

250

Nuclear receptor co-repressor SMRT regulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and mediates aging related metabolic deterioration

The effective half-life based on urine bioassay results of Wolsung NPP's worker was calculated. The effective half-life for tritiated water vapour obtained was 5 {approx} 9 days. In comparison to 10 days reported for ICRP-30, it is lower than the corresponding half-life for Reference Man. Also, the half-life was calculated based on intake amount of daily water. According to this result, the metabolism was reviewed.

2001-05-01

251

Myocardial metabolic regulation through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha after myocardial infarction

SummaryThe transcriptional co-repressor SMRT utilizes two major receptor interacting domains (RID1 and RID2) to mediate nuclear receptor (NR) signaling through epigenetic modification....Full Text Available

2010-12-01

252

Metabolism of Gibberellin A₁₂ and A₁₂-Aldehyde in Developing Seeds of Pisum sativum L. ¹

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is closely associated with myocardial fatty acid metabolism, the pathophysiological role of PPARα in myocardial infarction...Full Text Available

2003-01-01

253

Metabolism and Binding of ¹⁴C-Maleic Hydrazide ¹

Metabolism of [¹⁴C]gibberellin (GA) A₁₂ (GA₁₂) and [¹⁴C]gibberellin A₁₂-aldehyde (GA₁₂-aldehyde) was examined in cotyledons and seed...Full Text Available

1991-09-01

254

Dietary effects on body composition, glucose metabolism, and longevity are modulated by skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in mice

Maleic hydrazide (MH) is taken up by corn and pea seedling roots and bound to some material which is insoluble in 80% ethanol or 5% trichloroacetic acid. ¹⁴C-MH is stable metabolically; chromatography...Full Text Available

1970-01-01

255

Clinical and metabolic consequences of two regimens of total parenteral nutrition in the newborn

Little is known about how diet and energy metabolism interact in determination of lifespan under ad libitum feeding. From 12 weeks of age until death, male and female wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG)...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

256

A heteromeric complex containing the centromere binding factor 1 and two basic leucine zipper factors, Met4 and Met28, mediates the transcription activation of yeast sulfur metabolism.

The clinical and metabolic effects of two regimens of total parenteral nutrition delivering the same amino-acid (2·8 g/kig per 24 h), fat (4·8 g/kg per 24 h), and glucose (12 g/kg per...Full Text Available

1983-03-01

257

Reversal of brain metabolic abnormalities following treatment of AIDS dementia complex with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine): a PET-FDG study

Transcription activation of sulfur metabolism in yeast is dependent on two DNA binding factors, the centromere binding factor 1 (Cbf1) and Met4. While the role of Met4 was clearly established by showing...Full Text Available

1996-05-15

258

Sucrose synthesizing enzymes and /sup 14/C-assimilation in the chlorophyllous layer of developing grapefruit. [Citrus paradisi Macf

Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex using ["1"8F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans at the beginning of therapy with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine), and later in the course of therapy. In two patients, baseline, large focal cortical abnormalities of glucose utilization were reversed during the course of therapy. In the other two patients, the initial PET study did not reveal pronounced focal alterations, while the post-treatment scans showed markedly increased cortical glucose metabolism. The improved cortical glucose utilization was accompanied in all patients by immunologic and neurologic improvement. PET-FDG studies can detect cortical metabolic abnormalities associated with AIDS dementia complex, and may be used to monitor the metabolic improvement in response to ...

259

Optimized assay and storage conditions for enzyme activity profiling of ectomycorrhizae

Fixation of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ and activities of sucrose-synthesizing enzymes, sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS), were assayed in tissues of developing fruit and source leaves from Citrus paradisi Macf. SPS activity of both the outer, chlorophyllous layer of the fruit (flavedo) and source leaves was 10-fold greater than that of the inner, largely non-chlorophyllous layer of the fruit peel (albedo). In contrast, SS activity of the flavedo was 2-fold greater than that of the albedo and 10-fold greater than that of leaves. Fixation of /sup 14/C-photosynthates in isolated tissues (flavedo 2x > albedo) and their redistribution in intact fruit indicated that flavedo functions as both source and sink. Activities of sucrose-synthesizing enzymes were consistent with this dual function.

1986-04-01

260

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of a joint effort by different research teams was to provide an improved procedure for enzyme activity profiling of field-sampled ectomycorrhizae, including recommendations on the best conditions and maximum duration for storage of ectomycorrhizal samples. A more simplified and efficient protocol compared to formerly published procedures was achieved by using manufactured 96-filter plates in combination with a vacuum manifold and by optimizing incubation times. Major improvements were achieved by performing the series of eight enzyme assays with a single series of root samples instead of two series, reducing the time needed for sample preparation, minimizing error-prone steps such as pipetting and morphotyping, and facilitating subsequent DNA analyses due to the reduced sequencing ...

2011-01-01

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261

Effect of age-at-weaning on digestive capacity of white seabream (Diplodus sargus)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

White seabream (Diplodus sargus) is today recognized as a potential species for Mediterranean aquaculture. Still, scarce information exists on weaning practices in order to reduce the live food period. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an early weaning on fish larvae digestive enzymes activities. In order to accomplish this, larvae were weaned with an inert diet at 20days after hatching (DAH) (feeding regime W20) and a control group was weaned at 27DAH (feeding regime W27). Before weaning, the onset and development of the main digestive enzymes were studied. The pattern of variation of digestive enzymes activities were analyzed at 0, 2, 9, 13 and 20DAH, and from then on at 0, 1 and 3weeks after diet introduction; that is, at 20, 27 and 41days for feeding regime W20, and days 27, 34...

2010-01-01

262

Vitamin E Is Essential for Seed Longevity and for Preventing Lipid Peroxidation during Germination

Uracil DNA glycosylase uses DNA hopping and short-range sliding to trap extrahelical uracils

Tocopherols (vitamin E) are lipophilic antioxidants synthesized by all plants and are particularly abundant in seeds. Despite cloning of the complete suite of tocopherol biosynthetic enzymes and successful...Full Text Available

2004-06-01

263

Understanding Enzyme Activity Using Single Molecule Tracking (Poster)

The astonishingly efficient location and excision of damaged DNA bases by DNA repair glycosylases is an especially intriguing problem in biology. One example is the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG),...Full Text Available

2008-08-05

264

Two tandemly linked identical genes code for the glycosomal glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase in Trypanosoma brucei.

This poster describes single-molecule tracking and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. It discusses whether the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) moves on cellulose, how the CBM binds to cellulose, and the mechanism of cellulosome assembly.

2009-06-01

265

Toxic Myopathy in a Dog Associated with the Presence of Monensin in Dry Food

Trypanosoma brucei contains two isoenzymes for glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); one enzyme resides in a microbody-like organelle, the glycosome, the other one is found in the cytosol....Full Text Available

1986-05-01

266

The endogenous hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine-? synthase contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome

This report describes a case of toxic myopathy in a two year old sheltie dog with clinical signs of profound weakness, myoglobinuria, and muscle enzyme elevations. The clinical signs were likely related...Full Text Available

1980-01-01

267

The effects of zinc deficiency on pancreatic carboxypeptidase activity and protein digestion and absorption in the rat

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity, a characteristic pathophysiological feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), remains elusive. Recent studies suggest a...Full Text Available

268

The control of sulphate reduction in bacteria

1. Proteolytic enzyme activities were examined in the pancreas of zinc-deficient and control rats. 2. No change was detected in trypsin-plus-chymotrypsin activity. 3. Carboxypeptidase activity was...Full Text Available

1967-03-01

269

The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a low dose combination of ramipril and felodipine ER in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

1. An enzyme from Escherichia coli 9723 that reduces adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate to inorganic sulphite is described. Extracts of E. coli...Full Text Available

1965-07-01

270

The Mitochondrial Isovaleryl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase of Arabidopsis Oxidizes Intermediates of Leucine and Valine Catabolism1

1. The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a low dose combination of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril (2.5 mg) and the extended release formulation of the dihydropyridine...Full Text Available

1993-10-01

271

Targeted plasmid integration into the human genome by an engineered zinc-finger recombinase

We recently identified a cDNA encoding a putative isovaleryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis (AtIVD). In animals, this homotetrameric enzyme is located in mitochondria and catalyzes the...Full Text Available

2001-06-01

272

Taking the plunge: integrating structural, enzymatic and computational insights into a unified model for membrane-immersed rhomboid proteolysis

The development of new methods for gene addition to mammalian genomes is necessary to overcome the limitations of conventional genetic engineering strategies. Although a variety of DNA-modifying enzymes...Full Text Available

2011-09-01

273

Subunits of the Drosophila CCR4-NOT complex and their roles in mRNA deadenylation

SYNOPSISRhomboid proteases are a fascinating class of enzymes that combine a serine protease active site within the core of an integral membrane protein. Despite having key roles...Full Text Available

274

Some Enzymic Activities in the Germinating Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Seedling 1

The CCR4-NOT complex is the main enzyme catalyzing the deadenylation of mRNA. We have investigated the composition of this complex in Drosophila melanogaster by immunoprecipitation...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

275

Single-Step Production of a Recyclable Nanobiocatalyst for Organophosphate Pesticides Biodegradation Using Functionalized Bacterial Magnetosomes

In germinating oil palm (Elaeis guineensis var D × P) seedling, an active lipase was present in the shoot but absent from both the kernel and the haustorium. It has an optimum...Full Text Available

1983-12-01

276

Reversible Inactivation of Nitrate Reductase by NADH and the Occurrence of Partially Inactive Enzyme in the Wheat Leaf 1

Enzymes are versatile catalysts in laboratories and on an industrial scale; improving their immobilization would be beneficial to broadening their applicability and ensuring their (re)use. Lipid-coated...Full Text Available

277

Recent changes in the epidemiology and management of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Nitrate reductase from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Bindawarra) leaves is inactivated by pretreatment with NADH, in the absence of nitrate, a 50% loss of activity occurring in 30...Full Text Available

1983-03-01

278

Rare Homologous Gene Targeting in Histoplasma capsulatum: Disruption of the URA5_Hc Gene by Allelic Replacement

Since 2000, Escherichia coli producing CTX-M enzymes (especially CTX-M-15) have emerged worldwide as important causes of community-onset urinary tract and blood stream infections due...Full Text Available

279

Purification and properties of an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase from Clostridium josui.

URA5 genes encode orotidine-5′-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (OMPpase), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. We cloned the Histoplasma capsulatum URA5...Full Text Available

1998-10-01

280

Production, Purification, and Characterization of ?-Galactosidase from Monascus pilosus

An enzyme active against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was purified from the stationary-phase-culture supernatant of Clostridium josui grown in a medium containing ball-milled cellulose. The purification...Full Text Available

1989-07-01

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281

Preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of Bacillus subtilis SpeA protein

A Monascus pilosus strain was selected for production of intracellular α-galactosidase. Optimum conditions for mycelial growth and enzyme induction were determined. Galactose...Full Text Available

1986-11-01

282

Polyamine Oxidase from Water Hyacinth

The speA gene in Bacillus subtilis encodes arginine decarboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of arginine to agmatine. Arginine decarboxylase is an important enzyme...Full Text Available

283

Plant and algal interference in bacterial beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase assays.

Polyamine oxidase was purified to homogeneity from leaves of water hyacinth by the criterion of sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS disc PAGE). The enzyme showed a high specificity for spermidine...Full Text Available

1987-12-01

284

Physiological calcium concentrations regulate calmodulin binding and catalysis of adenylyl cyclase exotoxins

Several commonly occurring freshwater and marine plants and algae were screened for beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase activities by using a 60-min enzyme assay based on the hydrolysis by...Full Text Available

1994-11-01

285

Permeability of frog mesenteric capillaries after partial pronase digestion of the endothelial glycocalyx.

Edema factor (EF) and CyaA are calmodulin (CaM)-activated adenylyl cyclase exotoxins involved in the pathogenesis of anthrax and whooping cough, respectively. Using spectroscopic, enzyme kinetic and...Full Text Available

2002-12-16

286

Peripartal changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cows.

1. The proteolytic enzyme pronase, which degrades the endothelial cell glycocalyx, was perfused through single capillaries of frog mesentery. Hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of each vessel was determined...Full Text Available

1990-09-01

287

Pathogenic Role of NKT and NK Cells in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury is Dependent on the Presence of DMSO

Peripartal serum alkaline phosphatase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured in 30 dairy cows in order to examine the association between retained fetal membranes and enzyme activity....Full Text Available

1987-10-01

288

On the General Mechanism of Selective Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Chemicals: Some Theoretical Considerations

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in biological studies to dissolve drugs and enzyme inhibitors with low solubility. While DMSO is generally thought of as being relatively inert, it...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

289

Neutral endopeptidase inhibits prostate cancer cell migration by blocking focal adhesion kinase signaling

Importance of the fieldThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms that are selectively induced following exposure to structurally-diverse chemicals often are the ones capable...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

290

NasFED Proteins Mediate Assimilatory Nitrate and Nitrite Transport in Klebsiella oxytoca (pneumoniae) M5al

Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP, CD10) is a cell-surface enzyme expressed by prostatic epithelial cells that cleaves and inactivates neuropeptides implicated in the growth of androgen-independent prostate...Full Text Available

2000-12-01

291

N-acetyltransferase 2 slow acetylator genotype associated with adverse effects of sulfasalazine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Klebsiella oxytoca can use nitrate and nitrite as sole nitrogen sources. The enzymes required for nitrate and nitrite assimilation are encoded by the nasFEDCBA operon....Full Text Available

1998-03-01

292

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the beta-lytic protease gene from Achromobacter lyticus.

AIM:N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an important enzyme catalyzing N-acetylation of sulfasalazine (SASP). The aim of the present study was to investigate...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

293

Molecular basis of the inhibition of human aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens: A site-directed mutagenesis study.

Two bacteriolytic enzymes secreted by Achromobacter lyticus M497-1 were purified and identified as being very similar (considering their amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence) to alpha- and...Full Text Available

1990-11-01

294

Molecular and Kinetic Comparison of the Novel Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamases CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26

Flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens are plant chemicals and are known to be competitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 aromatase with respect to the androgen substrate. Aromatase is the enzyme that...Full Text Available

1998-02-01

295

Lead and ?-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Polymorphism: Where Does It Lead? A Meta-Analysis

CTX-M-25 is a novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolated from a single Canadian Escherichia coli isolate. Susceptibility testing demonstrated that this enzyme confers resistance...Full Text Available

2004-12-01

296

Kinetics of complexing activation by the magnesium ion on green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase.

BackgroundLead poisoning affects many organs in the body. Lead inhibits δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme with two co-dominantly expressed alleles, ALAD1...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

297

Isozymes of the Glycolytic Enzymes in Endosperm from Developing Castor Oil Seeds ¹

As with mammalian enzymes, green crab (Scylla serrata) alkaline phosphatase can be activated by Mg2+ through a time-dependent course. The activation is mainly a Vmax effect. Tsou's method was used to study the kinetic course of activation. The results show that the enzyme was activated by a complexing scheme that had not been previously identified: the enzyme first reversibly and quickly binds Mg2+ and then undergoes a slow reversible course to activation, with a relatively high activation energy (78 +/- 4 kJ/mol) and a slow conformational change. The activation reaction is a single molecule reaction, and the apparent activation rate constant is independent of Mg2+ concentration if the concentration is sufficiently high. The microscopic rate constants of activation and the association constant were determined from the measurements. The proposed scheme may also be applied to the Mg2+ activation mechanism for mammalian ...

2001-01-01

298

Involvement of chlA, E, M, and N loci in Escherichia coli molybdopterin biosynthesis.

Ion filtration chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-25 has been used to separate two isozymes each of triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerate 3-phosphate...Full Text Available

1982-04-01

299

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing leukemic dendritic cells impair a leukemia-specific immune response by inducing potent T regulatory cells

All molybdenum enzymes except nitrogenase contain a common molybdenum cofactor, whose organic moiety is a novel pterin called molybdopterin (MPT). To assist in elucidating the biosynthetic pathway of...Full Text Available

1987-01-01

300

Increased Expression and Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases Characterize Embolic Cardiac Myxomas

BackgroundThe immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine, is expressed in a significant subset of patients...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

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301

Incidence and Determinants of Birth Defects and Enzyme Deficiencies among Live Births in Oman

Tumor embolism occurs in 30 to 50% of all cases of cardiac myxoma, but the causes are still uncertain. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix...Full Text Available

2005-06-01

302

Identification of PITX1 as a TERT Suppressor Gene Located on Human Chromosome 5 ^?

ObjectivesIn 2003, the Omani Ministry of Health Child Health Care Program initiated a national Birth Defects (BD) Register. This paper reviews the magnitude and risk factors of birth...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

303

Hysteretic Behavior of Proprotein Convertase 1/3 (PC1/3)

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that maintains telomere length, is crucial for cellular immortalization and cancer progression. Telomerase activity is attributed primarily to the expression of...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

304

Host plant shifts affect a major defense enzyme in Chrysomela lapponica

The proprotein convertases (PCs) are calcium-dependent proteases responsible for processing precursor proteins into their active forms in eukariotes. The PC1/3 is a pivotal enzyme of this family that...Full Text Available

305

Gynura procumbens Merr. decreases blood pressure in rats by vasodilatation via inhibition of calcium channels

Chrysomelid leaf beetles use chemical defenses to overcome predatory attack and microbial infestation. Larvae of Chrysomela lapponica that feed on willow sequester plant-derived salicin...Full Text Available

2011-03-22

306

Glutamate 2,3-aminomutase: a new member of the radical SAM superfamily of enzymes

INTRODUCTION:Gynura procumbens has been shown to decrease blood pressure via inhibition of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme. However, other mechanisms that...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

307

Genetics of the mammalian phenylalanine hydroxylase system. Studies of human liver phenylalanine hydroxylase subunit structure and of mutations in phenylketonuria.

SUMMARYA gene eam in Clostridium difficile encodes a protein that is homologous to lysine 2,3-aminomutase (LAM) in many other species but does...Full Text Available

2007-02-01

308

Gene-enzyme telationships in somatic cells and their organismal derivatives in higher plants. Progress report

Phenylalanine hydroxylase was purified from crude extracts of human livers which show enzyme activity by usine two different methods: (a) affinity chromatography and (b) immunoprecipitation with an...Full Text Available

1979-08-01

309

Functional and Structural Analysis of a Key Region of the Cell Wall Inhibitor Moenomycin

Progress is reported in the following subject areas: (1) chemistry of the arogenate molecule; (2) plant enzymology at the organismal level; (3) isolation of regulatory mutants in tobacco; and (4) stability of the haploid state in Nicotiana sylvestris.

1980-04-21

310

Formate Dehydrogenase of Clostridium thermoaceticum: Incorporation of Selenium-75, and the Effects of Selenite, Molybdate, and Tungstate on the Enzyme

Moenomycin A (MmA) belongs to a family of natural products that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs), the enzymes that make the glycan...Full Text Available

2010-07-16

311

Finasteride-Its Impact on Sexual Function and Prostate Cancer

The formation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent formate dehydrogenase in Clostridium thermoaceticum is stimulated by the presence of molybdate and selenite...Full Text Available

1973-11-01

312

Fermentability of Corn Syrups with Different Dextrose Equivalents Added to Various Grape Juices¹

Finasteride, a specific and competitive inhibitor of 5α-reductase enzyme Type 2, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In adults, DHT acts as primary androgen...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

313

Expression and prognostic significance of cox-2 and p-53 in hodgkin lymphomas: a retrospective study

It was found that neither the enzymes of the grapes nor those of wine yeast Saccharomyces ellipsoideus strain 223 attacked the higher polysaccharides present in corn syrups. The alcohol...Full Text Available

1967-03-01

314

Examination of the Rotazyme II enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis.

BackgroundCyclooxygenase (cox) is the rate-limiting enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and contributes to the inflammatory process. Cyclooxygenase-2...Full Text Available

315

Evolutionary history of a specialized P450 propane monooxygenase

Rotazyme II, which is a shorter version of Rotazyme (less than 3 h), was compared with electron microscopy and Rotazyme for sensitivity and specificity on 229 human stool specimens. Compared with electron...Full Text Available

1985-09-01

316

Evolutionary Trajectories of Beta-Lactamase CTX-M-1 Cluster Enzymes: Predicting Antibiotic Resistance

SummaryThe evolutionary pressures that shaped the specificity and catalytic efficiency of enzymes can only be speculated. While directed evolution experiments show that new functions...Full Text Available

2008-11-28

317

Evaluation of protector potential of extracts from Cymbopogon citratus, Maytenus ilicifolia, Baccharis genistelloides against the effects of stannous chloride: role of exonuclease III enzyme

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) constitute a key antibiotic-resistance mechanism affecting Gram-negative bacteria, and also an excellent model for studying evolution in real time. A shift in...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

318

Ellman's-reagent-mediated regeneration of trypanothione in situ: substrate-economical microplate and time-dependent inhibition assays for trypanothione reductase.

Portuguese 2003 [1 p.] Brazil Soares, SF Melo, SF Costa, RF Silva, CR

2003-11-20

319

Effects of PKA phosphorylation on the conformation of the Na,K-ATPase regulatory protein FXYD1

Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a key enzyme involved in the oxidative stress management of the Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, which helps to maintain an intracellular reducing environment...Full Text Available

2003-02-01

320

Effects of Leupeptin on Proteinase and Germination of Castor Beans ¹

FXYD1 (phospholemman) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of membrane proteins that regulate the function of the Na,K-ATPase enzyme complex in specific tissues and specific physiological...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

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321

Effects of Kombucha on oxidative stress induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Leupeptin, a tripeptide inhibitor of some proteinases, was shown previously to maintain the stability of several enzymes (isocitrate lyase, fumarase, and catalase) in crude extracts of castor bean endosperm....Full Text Available

1981-10-01

322

Diurnal Variations of Mouse Plasma and Hepatic Bile Acid Concentrations as well as Expression of Biosynthetic Enzymes and Transporters

BackgroundTrichloroethylene (TCE) may induce oxidative stress which generates free radicals and alters antioxidants or oxygen-free radical scavenging enzymes.MethodsTwenty...Full Text Available

323

Dissemination of CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamase Genes to Unusual Hosts

BackgroundDiurnal fluctuation of bile acid (BA) concentrations in the enterohepatic system of mammals has been known for a long time. Recently, BAs have been recognized as signaling...Full Text Available

324

Delineating Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Targets in Mycobacteria Using IPTG Inducible Antisense Expression

A Citrobacter amalonaticus and a Morganella morganii producing the CTX-M-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) were isolated from an area where this enzyme...Full Text Available

2005-08-01

325

Deglutathionylation of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin Is Specifically Catalyzed by Sulfiredoxin*

In order to identify novel high value antibacterial targets it is desirable to delineate whether the inactivation of the target enzyme will lead to bacterial death or stasis. This knowledge is particularly...Full Text Available

326

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human liver ?-enolase

Reversible protein glutathionylation plays a key role in cellular regulation and cell signaling and protects protein thiols from hyperoxidation. Sulfiredoxin (Srx), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction...Full Text Available

2009-08-28

327

Cottonseed Malate Synthase ¹

Enolase is a multifunctional enzyme that plays important roles in many biological and disease processes. α-Enolase from human liver (hENO1) was expressed as a soluble protein and purified by...Full Text Available

328

Coordination of PAD4 and HDAC2 in the regulation of p53 target gene expression

Malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2), an enzyme unique to the glyoxylate cycle, was purified to homogeneity from cotyledons of 72-hours, darkgrown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings....Full Text Available

1987-08-01

329

Complete sequence of the chicken glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.

Histone Arg methylation and Lys acetylation have been found to cooperatively regulate the expression of p53 target genes. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that citrullinates...Full Text Available

2010-05-27

330

Cloning and sequencing of a dehalogenase gene encoding an enzyme with hydrolase activity involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in Pseudomonas paucimobilis.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an evolutionarily conserved glycolytic enzyme, is constitutively expressed in most cell types yet is induced to high levels during the development of...Full Text Available

1985-03-01

331

Clinical outcomes and management of mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4

In Pseudomonas paucimobilis UT26, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) is converted by two steps of dehydrochlorination to a chemically unstable intermediate, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene...Full Text Available

1993-10-01

332

Chemoprevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer With Celecoxib: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is characterized by NADPH-, time-, and concentration-dependent enzyme inactivation, occurring when some drugs are converted by CYPs to reactive...Full Text Available

2005-03-01

333

Characterization of psychrotrophic microorganisms producing beta-galactosidase activities.

BackgroundPreclinical studies indicate that the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 plays an important role in ultraviolet-induced skin cancers. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of celecoxib,...Full Text Available

2010-12-15

334

Changes in N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase and B-glucuronidase activities in milk during bovine mastitis.

Investigations of psychrotrophic microorganisms have been limited even though the dominant environment of the Earth is cold and enzymes with high activities at low temperatures could have commercial...Full Text Available

1994-01-01

335

Cerebrospinal fluid zinc concentrations in febrile convulsions.

To determine the N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and B-glucuronidase (B-Gase) activities in mastitic milk, basic enzyme assay conditions, distribution of NAGase and B-Gase, comparison of their...Full Text Available

1987-01-01

336

Carotenoid Crystal Formation in Arabidopsis and Carrot Roots Caused by Increased Phytoene Synthase Protein Levels

Zinc modulates the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Low cerebrospinal...Full Text Available

1995-10-01

337

Capacity of deoxycytidine to selectively antagonize cytotoxicity of 5-halogenated analogs of deoxycytidine without loss of antiherpetic activity.

BackgroundAs the first pathway-specific enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, phytoene synthase (PSY) is a prime regulatory target. This includes a number of biotechnological approaches...Full Text Available

338

CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamases in Italy: Molecular Epidemiology of an Emerging Countrywide Problem

Enzyme kinetic studies from this laboratory (M. Dobersen and S. Greer, Biochemistry 17:920-928, 1978) suggested that deoxycytidine could antagonize the toxicity of 5-halogenated analogs of deoxycytidine...Full Text Available

1982-09-01

339

Associations between dairy production indices and lipoarabinomannan enzyme-immunoassay results for paratuberculosis.

A nationwide survey of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae, carried out in 2003, showed that CTX-M-type enzymes have achieved a sizeable...Full Text Available

2006-08-01

340

Association of COMT Val^108/158Met Genotype and Cigarette Smoking in Pregnant Women

Data from an epidemiological study in Ontario, involving 304 dairy herds, were used to identify associations between selected production indices and lipoarabinomannan antigen serological test results...Full Text Available

1991-10-01

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341

Antioxidant enzyme activities are not broadly correlated with longevity in 14 vertebrate endotherm species

Introduction:Smoking behaviors, including heaviness of smoking and smoking cessation, are known to be under a degree of genetic influence. The enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

342

Antibody avidity in swine lymphocyte antigen-defined miniature pigs.

The free radical theory of ageing posits that accrual of oxidative damage underlies the increased cellular, tissue and organ dysfunction and failure associated with advanced age. In support of this...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

343

Anti-beta-endorphin immunoglobulin G in humans.

Antibody avidity to hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was measured by thiocyanate ion elution enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in swine lymphocyte antigen (SLA) defined miniature pigs. Serum antibody...Full Text Available

1992-10-01

344

Analysis of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Cephalexin and Quinapril by a Nonlinear Mixed-Effect Model

Human IgG specific for beta-endorphin was identified by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and isolated by affinity chromatography. From a sample of 27 subjects, three individuals with major depression...Full Text Available

1986-11-01

345

Amastigote stage-specific monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania major.

Oligopeptidic drugs such as β-lactams and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors share the same carriers in humans and animals, which results in possible pharmacokinetic interactions. To model...Full Text Available

1998-06-01

346

Adenosine 5?-triphosphate sulphurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against gamma-irradiated amastigotes of Leishmania major. Five antibodies (T16 through T20) were selected which reacted in enzyme-linked immunoassays with the intracellular...Full Text Available

1989-12-01

347

Acetaldehyde and Ethanol Biosynthesis in Leaves of Plants ¹

1. ATP sulphurylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified 140-fold by using heat treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sepharose 6B gel filtration. 2. The enzyme was stable...Full Text Available

1973-07-01

348

Absence of Ataxin-3 Leads to Enhanced Stress Response in C. elegans

Leaves of terrestrial plants are aerobic organs, and are not usually considered to possess the enzymes necessary for biosynthesis of ethanol, a product of anaerobic fermentation. We examined the ability...Full Text Available

1987-08-01

349

ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase, a Regulatory Enzyme for Bacterial Glycogen Synthesis

Ataxin-3, the protein involved in Machado-Joseph disease, is able to bind ubiquitylated substrates and act as a deubiquitylating enzyme in vitro, and it has been involved in the modulation of protein...Full Text Available

350

A study in molecular contingency: glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase is a promiscuous and evolvable phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase

The accumulation of α-1,4-polyglucans is an important strategy to cope with transient starvation conditions in the environment. In bacteria and plants, the synthesis of glycogen and starch occurs...Full Text Available

2003-06-01

351

A novel enzyme-based acidizing system: Matrix acidizing and drilling fluid damage removal

SummaryThe prevalence of paralogous enzymes implies that novel catalytic functions can evolve on preexisting protein scaffolds. The weak secondary activities of proteins, which...Full Text Available

2008-03-21

352

A cytochrome P450 terpenoid hydroxylase linked to the suppression of insect juvenile hormone synthesis

A novel acidizing process is used to increase the permeability of carbonate rock cores in the laboratory and to remove drilling fluid damage from cores and wafers. Field results show the benefits of the technology as applied both to injector and producer wells.

1995-12-31

353

A Hyperactive NAD(P)H:Rubredoxin Oxidoreductase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

A cDNA encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme was isolated from a cDNA library of the corpora allata (CA) from reproductively active Diploptera punctata cockroaches. This P450 from the endocrine...Full Text Available

1998-10-27

354

Carcinogenicity of Black Rock Harbor sediment to the eastern oyster and trophic transfer of Black Rock Harbor carcinogens from the blue mussel to the winter flounder

NAD(P)H:rubredoxin oxidoreductase (NROR) has been purified from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. The enzyme is exceedingly active in catalyzing the NADPH-dependent...Full Text Available

1999-09-01

355

Identification of a nucleoside triphosphate binding site on calf thymus RNA polymerase II

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) developed neoplastic disorders when experimentally exposed both in the laboratory and field to chemically contaminated sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport, Connecticut. Neoplasia was observed in oysters after 30 or 60 days of continuous exposure in a laboratory flow-through system to a 20 mg/L suspension of BRH sediment plus postexposure periods of 3, 30, or 60 days. Composite tumor incidence was 13.6% for both exposures. Tumor occurrence was highest in the renal excretory epithelium, followed in order by gill, gonad, gastrointestinal, heart, and embryonic neural tissue. Regression of experimental neoplasia was not observed when the stimulus was discontinued. In field experiments, gill neoplasms developed in oysters, deployed in cages for 30 days at BRH and 36 days at a BRH dredge material disposal area in Central Long Island Sound, and kidney and gastrointestinal neoplasms developed in caged oysters deployed 40 days in Quincy ...

1991-01-01

356

Strain differences in the responsiveness between Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats to nephropathy induced by FYX-051, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor

A nucleoside triphosphate binding site on calf thymus RNA polymerase II was identified by using photoaffinity analogues of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate. Both radiolabeled 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3ATP) and radiolabeled 8-azidoguanosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3GTP) bound to a single polypeptide of this enzyme. This polypeptide has a molecular mass of 37 kilodaltons and an isoelectric point of 5.4. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was necessary for photolabeling to occur. In addition, no labeling occurred when the probe was prephotolyzed or when the enzyme was inactivated. Furthermore, photolabeling of the enzyme could be decreased by preincubation with natural substrates. To provide evidence that the radiolabeled polypeptide forms a part of the domain of the nucleoside triphosphate binding site, experiments were performed using unlabeled 8-N3ATP. Although ...

1986-01-14

357

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To determine a rat strain appropriate for carcinogenicity testing of FYX-051, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, we performed a 4-week oral toxicity study by administering 0.3, 1 and 3?mg/kg, and 1, 3 and 10?mg/kg of FYX-051 to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Fischer (F344) rats, respectively. Histopathology revealed that the degree of FYX-051-induced nephropathy was 3-fold stronger in SD rats than in F344 rats. Our previous study demonstrated that the key factor of species differences in FYX-051-induced nephropathy is purine metabolism. This observation led us to examine the involvement of purine metabolism in differences among two strains of rats. However, purine metabolism was proven not to be implicated as an important factor. Subsequently, other factors responsible for the strain diffe...

2006-01-01

358

Reductive metabolism of the dinitrobenzamide mustard anticancer prodrug PR-104 in mice

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose PR-104, a bioreductive prodrug in clinical trial, is a phosphate ester which is rapidly metabolized to the corresponding alcohol PR-104A. This dinitrobenzamide mustard is activated by reduction to hydroxylamine (PR-104H) and amine (PR-104M) metabolites selectively in hypoxic cells, and also independently of hypoxia by aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3 in some tumors. Here, we evaluate reductive metabolism of PR-104A in mice and its significance for host toxicity. Methods The pharmacokinetics of PR-104, PR-104A and its reduced metabolites were investigated in plasma and tissues of mice (with and without SiHa or H460 tumor xenografts) and effects of potential oxidoreductase inhibitors were evaluated. Results Pharmacokinetic studies identified extensive non-tumor reduction of PR-104A to t...

2011-01-01

359

Metabolic engineering of carotenoid accumulation by creating a metabolic sink

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Carotenoids are highly beneficial for human nutrition and health because they provide essential nutrients and important antioxidants in our diets. However, many food crops, especially the major staple crops contain only trace to low amounts of carotenoids. Although significant progress has been made in developing food crops rich in carotenoids by altering the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, in many cases it has proved to be difficult to reach the desired levels of carotenoid enrichment. The recent identification and characterization of a novel gene mutation in cauliflower reveals that creating a metabolic sink to sequester carotenoids is an important mechanism to control carotenoid accumulation in plants. The successful demonstration of increased carotenoid accumulation in ass...

2007-01-01

360

Inhibition of Metabolism of Diethylene Glycol Prevents Target Organ Toxicity in Rats

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an industrial chemical, the misuse of which has led to numerous epidemic poisonings worldwide. The mechanism of its toxicity has not been defined as to the precise relationship between the metabolism of DEG and target organ toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism for the acute toxicity of DEG, and the effect of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole (fomepizole), by determining the relationship between accumulation of DEG or its metabolites and the resulting kidney and liver toxicity. Rats were treated by oral gavage with water, 2 g/kg DEG (low dose), 10 g/kg DEG (high dose), or 10 g/kg DEG + fomepizole, and blood and urine were collected over 48 h. Rats treated with high-dose DEG had metabolic acidosis, increased BUN an...

2010-01-01

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361

Honokiol enhances adipocyte differentiation by potentiating insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Adipose tissue plays an essential role in energy homeostasis as a metabolic and endocrine organ. Accordingly, adipocytes are emerging as a major drug target for obesity and obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Dysfunction of enlarged adipocytes in obesity is involved in obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin released from small adipocytes, are able to prevent these disorders. In this study, we found that honokiol, an ingredient of Magnolia officinalis used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines, enhanced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oil Red O staining showed that treatment with honokiol in the presence of insulin dose-dependently increased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipoyctes although its activity was weak compared with r...

2011-01-01

362

Effects of swimming training at the intensity equivalent to aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition in alloxan diabetic rats

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was designed to determine the exercise intensity equivalent to the metabolic aerobic/anaerobic transition of alloxan diabetic rats, through lactate minimum test (LMT), and to evaluate the effects of swimming exercise at this intensity (LM) on the glucose and protein metabolism of these animals. Adult male Wistar rats received alloxan (SD, alloxan-injected rats that remained sedentary) intravenously (30 mg kg?1 body weight) for diabetes induction. As controls (SC, vehicle-injected rats that remained sedentary), vehicle-injected rats were utilized. Two weeks later, the animals were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and LMT. After the tests, some of the animals were submitted to swimming exercise training [TC (vehicle-injected rats that performed a 6-week exerc...

2007-01-01

363

Distinctive Responses of Metabolically Active Microbiota to Acidification in a Thermophilic Anaerobic Digester

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Acidification is one of the most common and serious problems inducing process failure in anaerobic digesters. The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) mainly triggers acidic shock. However, little is known about the bacteria involved in the processes of acidogenic metabolism, such as fermentation and reductive acetogenesis. Here, the metabolic responses of a methanogenic community to the acidification and resulting process deterioration were investigated using transcriptional profiling of both the 16S rRNA and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) genes. The 16S rRNA-based analyses demonstrated that the dynamic shift of bacterial populations was closely correlated with reactor performance, especially with VFA accumulation levels. The pH drop accompanied by an increase in VFAs stim...

2011-01-01

364

Development of an internet based system for modeling biotin metabolism using Bayesian networks

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Biotin is an essential water-soluble vitamin crucial for maintaining normal body functions. The importance of biotin for human health has been under-appreciated but there is plenty of opportunity for future research with great importance for human health. Currently, carrying out predictions of biotin metabolism involves tedious manual manipulations. In this paper, we report the development of BiotinNet, an internet based program that uses Bayesian networks to integrate published data on various aspects of biotin metabolism. Users can provide a combination of values on the levels of biotin related metabolites to obtain the predictions on other metabolites that are not specified. As an inherent feature of Bayesian networks, the uncertainty of the prediction is also quantified and reported to...

2011-01-01

365

Cyclosporine metabolic side effects: association with the WNK4 system

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Background- Cyclosporine is used for treatment of transplanted patients and for immune-mediated diseases. Cyclosporine is known to cause a combination of metabolic side effects including hypertension, hyperkalemia, hypercalciuria and hypomagnesemia. These side effects except for hypomagnesemia are the cardinal features of familial hyperkalemia and hypertension (FHHt), also called pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA II). FHHt is caused by mutations in the kinases WNK1 and WNK4 resulting in an increase in renal Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) apical distribution and function. Therefore, we studied whether cyclosporine-s metabolic side effects are mediated by WNK4 and NCC. Design- Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated by cyclosporine 25-mg-kg-1 subcutaneously for 14-days. Blood pressure, ...

2011-01-01

366

Comparison of Plasma Antioxidant Levels and Related Metabolic Parameters Between Smokers and Non-smokers

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The relationship between cigarette smoking and cell damage is complicated, particularly considering the role of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships among plasma nicotine metabolites, lipophilic antioxidants, and metabolic parameters in smokers and non-smokers. This cross-sectional study recruited 100 subjects who visited the Department of Family Medicine at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Excluding 14 ineligible cases, 46 smokers and 40 non-smokers were enrolled. Plasma nicotine metabolites, lipophilic antioxidants (including retinol, lycopene, a-carotene, b-carotene, d-tocopherol, g-tocopherol and a-tocopherol), related metabolic parameters, and body composition (including height, weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference) were...

2009-01-01

367

Biochemical basis of circadian rhythms and diseases: With emphasis on post-traumatic stress disorder

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Circadian rhythms affect several processes in the body physiology. This commentary revisits the topic of `metabolic basis of diseases' with a view to shed light on how cellular energy requirements feed-forward to a sequential signaling of hormonal response, blood glucose metabolism, antioxidant activities, and pathophysiology. Attempt is made to explain how diseases that may not appear to be closely related, such as bone metabolism and vasculopathy, have an increase in oxidative damage as a common underlying biochemistry. Importantly, this article identifies oxidative damage as an outcome of sleep disturbance and hypothesize that sleep complaint is not merely one of many resulting symptoms of PTSD, but a core feature that arise from trauma and gives rise to the stress biochemistry, which i...

2011-01-01

368

Application of radiolead to metabolic studies

Universal model for water costs of gas exchange by animals and plants

A review is presented of the literature through 1977 on the uses of radioactive lead isotopes in metabolic studies in man, animals, and plants. These studies have been done mainly with the naturally-occurring, long-lived (22-yr half life) "2"1"0Pb, but a few were with 53-hr "2"0"3Pb or 10.6-hr "2"1"2Pb. Such studies have made possible estimates of the metabolic parameters of lead in man and animals, such as intestinal absorption, the ratio of fecal-to-urinary excretion of endogenous lead, residence time of lead in the body and in various organs, and the distribution in the body (skeleton, liver, kidney, and blood). Subsequently, these parameters and data have been used to trace the sources of lead for man, such as those from the atmosphere, food, cigarette smoke, and automobile exhaust.

369

Twist-1 is a PPAR ?-inducible, negative feedback regulator of PGC-1 ? in brown fat metabolism

For terrestrial animals and plants, a fundamental cost of living is water vapor lost to the atmosphere during exchange of metabolic gases. Here, by bringing together previously developed models for...Full Text Available

2010-05-04

370

Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1? promotes peroxisomal remodeling and biogenesis

SummaryBrown fat is specialized in energy expenditure, a process that is principally controlled by the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α. Here we describe a molecular...Full Text Available

2009-04-03

371

Toxic Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate on Metabolic Activity, Growth Rate, and Microcolony Formation of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira Strains

Mitochondria and peroxisomes execute some analogous, nonredundant functions including fatty acid oxidation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and, in response to select metabolic cues, undergo...Full Text Available

2010-11-23

372

Total pancreatectomy for cancer. An appraisal of 65 cases.

Strong inhibitory effects of the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on four strains of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are reported. Two Nitrosospira...Full Text Available

2001-06-01

373

The structural design of the bat wing web and its possible role in gas exchange

Sixty-five patients operated with total pancreatectomy were reviewed with respect to factors influencing operative mortality and morbidity, long-term survival, and metabolic sequelae. The diagnoses...Full Text Available

1977-12-01

374

The role of the antioxidant and longevity-promoting Nrf2 pathway in metabolic regulation

The structure of the skin in the epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi) wing and body trunk was studied with a view to understanding possible adaptations for gas metabolism and...Full Text Available

2007-12-01

375

The preparation of a `metal-free' nappy and its application to metabolic balances in children

Purpose of ReviewThe vertebrate cap’n’collar family transcription factor Nrf2 and its invertebrate homologs SKN-1 (in worms) and CncC (in flies) function...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

376

The oxidative stress theory of aging: embattled or invincible? Insights from non-traditional model organisms

Disposable nappies (diapers) have been satisfactorily demineralized and used for the collection of excreta from infants and young children during mineral and trace metal balances. It was possible to...Full Text Available

1972-11-01

377

The metabolism of hexachlorocyclohexanes and pentachlorocyclohexenes in flies and grass grubs

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), inevitable byproducts of aerobic metabolism, are known to cause oxidative damage to cells and molecules. This, in turn, is widely accepted as a pivotal determinant of...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

378

The human peripheral subunit-binding domain folds rapidly while overcoming repulsive Coulomb forces

1. γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-pentachlorocyclohexene and δ-pentachlorocyclohexene were converted by houseflies and grass grubs into metabolites that had chromatographic properties...Full Text Available

1969-06-01

379

The effects of thiamin on lead metabolism: organ distribution of lead 203.

Peripheral subunit binding domains (PSBDs) are integral parts of large multienzyme complexes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. PSBDs facilitate shuttling of prosthetic groups between different catalytic...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

380

The conversion of DDT to DDE by some anophelines

The effect of thiamin on the organ distribution of lead was evaluated in CD-1 mice exposed intragastrically or intraperitoneally to a single dose of lead acetate (100 micrograms) containing 100 microCi...Full Text Available

1992-07-01

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381

The between and within day variation in gross efficiency

The metabolism of DDT has been followed in pure lines of laboratory-reared resistant and susceptible anophelines using gas-liquid chromatography. Relatively large amounts of DDE were formed in...Full Text Available

1964-01-01

382

The URE2 protein regulates nitrogen catabolic gene expression through the GATAA-containing UASNTR element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Before the influence of divergent factors on gross efficiency (GE) [the ratio of mechanical power output (PO) to metabolic power input (PI)] can be assessed, the variation in GE between days, i.e. the...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

383

The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Testicular Development and Function

Many of the gene products that participate in nitrogen metabolism are sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR), i.e., their expression is decreased to low levels when readily used nitrogen...Full Text Available

1994-12-01

384

The Metabolism of Oat Leaves during Senescence

Thyroid hormone is a critical regulator of growth, development and metabolism in virtually all tissues, and altered thyroid status affects many organs and systems. Although for many years testis...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

385

The Association of Alcohol and Alcohol Metabolizing Gene Variants with Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in a White Population

When the detached first leaves of green or etiolated oat (Avena sativa cv. Victory) seedlings senesce in the dark, their oxygen consumption shows a large increase, beginning after 24...Full Text Available

1974-09-01

386

Studies on the nutrition and metabolism of reindeer-caribou in Alaska with special interest in nutritional and environmental adaptation. Progress report, July 1973--December 1974

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown a J- or U-shaped relation between alcohol and type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). The underlying mechanisms are not clear....Full Text Available

387

Stressed-Induced TMEM135 Protein Is Part of a Conserved Genetic Network Involved in Fat Storage and Longevity Regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans

7 Oct 1974. 114 p. United States Luick, JR Alaska Univ., College (USA).

388

Spacelab Science Results Study - NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS)

Disorders of mitochondrial fat metabolism lead to sudden death in infants and children. Although survival is possible, the underlying molecular mechanisms which enable this outcome have not yet been...Full Text Available

389

Some New Aspects of the in Vivo Assay for Nitrate Reductase in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Leaves

Microbial/epithelial tissue. Szylit, O. Metabolic potential/microflora. Szylit, O. Lipid peroxidation. Popova, I.A. SLS-2. STS-58. 1993 ...

390

Short-term effects of tumor necrosis factor on energy and substrate metabolism in dogs.

Experiments were carried out to clarify problems encountered in measuring metabolic and storage pool sizes of nitrate in wheat leaf sections with an in vivo nitrate reductase assay....Full Text Available

1980-01-01

391

Serum hepcidin as a diagnostic test of iron deficiency in premenopausal female blood donors

In vivo short-term effects of recombinant human TNF-alpha on lipolysis, FFA flux, fat oxidation, triglyceride-fatty acid cycling, and glucose kinetics were evaluated with stable isotopic tracers and...Full Text Available

1993-06-01

392

Seasonal proteomic changes reveal molecular adaptations to preserve and replenish liver proteins during ground squirrel hibernation

BackgroundCurrently used indicators of iron status have limitations. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is reduced in iron deficiency. We sought to determine the properties...Full Text Available

2011-08-01

393

Role of serum carrier proteins in the peripheral metabolism and tissue distribution of thyroid hormones in familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia and congenital elevation of thyroxine-binding globulin.

Hibernators are unique among mammals in their ability to survive extended periods of time with core body temperatures near freezing and with dramatically reduced heart, respiratory, and metabolic rates...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

394

Retardation of Bean Leaf Senescence by Benzyladenine and Its Influence on Phosphate Metabolism ¹

To investigate the role of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and albumin in the availability of thyroid hormones to peripheral tissues, comprehensive kinetic studies of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine...Full Text Available

1987-08-01

395

Regulation of Energy Metabolism Pathways by Estrogens and Estrogenic Chemicals and Potential Implications in Obesity Associated with Increased Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors

The levels of glucose, sugar phosphates, and adenosine phosphates were determined in primary leaves of intact bean plants during normal senescence and compared to leaves in which senescence was delayed...Full Text Available

1970-10-01

396

Rapid oscillations in omental lipolysis are independent of changing insulin levels in vivo

The prevalence of obesity among children, adolescents and adults has been dramatically increasing worldwide during the last several decades. The obesity epidemic has been recognized as one of...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

397

Rapid Phytochrome-mediated Changes in Adenosine 5?-Triphosphate Content of Etiolated Bean Buds ¹

Abnormal fat metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined whether free fatty acid levels (FFAs), like insulin levels, oscillate...Full Text Available

2000-08-01

398

Radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging of functional abnormalities of the developing brain

This study was designed to determine the effects of red and far red irradiation on ATP metabolism in etiolated bean buds (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Red Kidney). Compared to dark controls,...Full Text Available

1974-01-01

399

Protons and glucose metabolism in shock

The measurement of physiological parameters in man is possible with the help of positron emission tomography (PET) and radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short lived positron emitters as C 11, N 13, O 15 and F 18. With the use of this substances it is possible to make a tomographic map defining regional metabolic parameters in normal and diseased brain. This technique has therefore also be named 'in vivo autoradiography'. The possibility of applying C 11 or F 18 labeled deoxyglucose with PET for detecting regional and local changes in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in brain development in children of 5 days to 1 year of age is discussed. Beyond this a relationship between cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen by use of this technique after inhalation of O 15 and C 11-labeled CO_2 is shown. Attention is drawn to the application of C ...

400

Prolonged signaling at the parathyroid hormone receptor by peptide ligands targeted to a specific receptor conformation

When oxygen is limiting, animals can ferment glucose via several metabolic pathways varying in energetic efficiency and leading to various end products (such as lactate, succinate, or propionate). Because the pH dependence of H/sup +/ production by fermentation is opposite to that by hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate formed in the fermentation, the total number of moles of protons generated is always two per mole of fermentable substrate. However, two and three times more adenosine triphosphate can be turned over per mole of protons produced in succinate and propionate fermentations, respectively, than in lactate fermentation. At its limit, this advantage would achieve the same balance between H/sup +/ production and H/sup +/ consumption during ATP cycling that is observed in aerobic metabolism, a situation observed in certain alcohol fermentations. Since proton balance during anaerobiosis is clearly adaptable, we consider possible impact ...

1983-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Proline Betaine Accumulation and Metabolism in Alfalfa Plants under Sodium Chloride Stress. Exploring Its Compartmentalization in Nodules1

The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor that plays critical roles in bone and mineral ion metabolism. Ligand binding to the PTHR involves interactions to both...Full Text Available

2008-10-28

402

Plasminogen-¹²⁵I responses in dogs to a single injection of urokinase and typhoid vaccine and to vascular injury

The osmoprotectant Pro betaine is the main betaine identified in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). We have investigated the long-term responses of nodulated alfalfa plants to salt stress,...Full Text Available

2004-07-01

403

Pharmacological Stimulation of NADH Oxidation Ameliorates Obesity and Related Phenotypes in Mice

In vivo plasminogen responses to various stimuli were studied. Plasminogen-¹²⁵I was prepared and used first for metabolic studies of plasminogen in control dogs. The average results were:...Full Text Available

1972-06-01

404

PGM2 overexpression improves anaerobic galactose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

OBJECTIVENicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD⁺ and NADH) play a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, and a dysregulated NAD⁺-to-NADH ratio is implicated...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

405

PAS Domain Residues Involved in Signal Transduction by the Aer Redox Sensor of Escherichia coli

BackgroundIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose is initially metabolized through the Leloir pathway after which glucose 6-phosphate enters glycolysis. Galactose...Full Text Available

406

Opposing function of mitochondrial prohibitin in aging

SummaryPAS domains sense oxygen, redox potential and light, and are implicated in behavior, circadian rhythmicity, development and metabolic regulation. Although PAS domains are...Full Text Available

2000-05-01

407

Novel Pathologic Findings Associated with Urinary Retention in a Mouse Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB

While specific signalling cascades involved in aging, such as the insulin/IGF-1 pathway, are well-described, the actual metabolic changes they elicit to prolong lifespan remain obscure. Nevertheless,...Full Text Available

408

Non-traumatic fractures following seizures: two case reports

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB; Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is a metabolic disorder with devastating clinical characteristics starting in early childhood and leading to premature death. A...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

409

Near-infrared spectroscopy technique to evaluate the effects of red blood cell transfusion on tissue oxygenation

IntroductionSeizures with or without trauma may cause fractures that occur commonly in epileptic seizures. Fracture risk is less reported in non-epileptic seizures. Some metabolic...Full Text Available

410

Near Infrared Dyes as Lifetime Solvatochromic Probes for Micropolarity Measurements of Biological Systems

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions on muscle tissue oxygenation, oxygen metabolism and microvascular reactivity in...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

411

Natural variation in life history and aging phenotypes is associated with mitochondrial DNA deletion frequency in Caenorhabditis briggsae

The polarity of biological mediums controls a host of physiological processes such as digestion, signaling, transportation, metabolism, and excretion. With the recent widespread use of near-infrared...Full Text Available

2007-10-15

412

Morphological and metabolic responses to starvation by the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga BrY.

BackgroundMutations that impair mitochondrial functioning are associated with a variety of metabolic and age-related disorders. A barrier to rigorous tests of the role of mitochondrial...Full Text Available

413

Metabolism of the benzidine-based azo dye Direct Black 38 by human intestinal microbiota.

The response of the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga BrY to carbon and nitrogen starvation was examined. Starvation resulted in a gradual decrease in the mean cell volume from...Full Text Available

1996-12-01

414

Metabolism of iodomethane in the rat

Benzidine-based azo dyes are proven mutagens and have been linked to bladder cancer. Previous studies have indicated that their initial reduction is the result of the azo reductase activity of the intestinal...Full Text Available

1985-07-01

415

Metabolic, Endocrine, and Immune Consequences of Sleep Deprivation

1. The LD₅₀ of iodomethane orally administered to rats is 76mg./kg. body wt. but repeated daily doses of 30–50mg./kg. body wt. are without effect. 2. Oral doses of iodomethane to...Full Text Available

1966-01-01

416

Metabolic Engineering of Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates): From DNA to Plastic

Over the last three to four decades, it has been observed that the average total hours of sleep have decreased to less than seven hours per person per night. Concomitantly, global figures relating to...Full Text Available

417

Metabolic Engineering of Lactobacillus plantarum for Production of l-Ribulose?

Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are a class of microbially produced polyesters that have potential applications as conventional plastics, specifically thermoplastic elastomers. A wealth of biological...Full Text Available

1999-03-01

418

l-Ribulose is a rare and expensive sugar that can be used as a precursor for the production of other rare sugars of high market value such as l-ribose. In this work we describe a production...Full Text Available

2007-11-01

419

Manganese

Mammalian life-span determinant p66^shcA mediates obesity-induced insulin resistance

Sources of manganese are identified. Uptake and distribution of manganese in plants and man are discussed, and the role of manganese in metabolism is described. The epidemiology of manganese toxicity is outlined, permissible air concentrations are listed, and the symptoms of manganese toxicity and deficiency are described. 555 references, 32 tables.

1973-01-01

420

Mammalian Sirtuins and Energy Metabolism

Obesity and metabolic syndrome result from excess calorie intake and genetic predisposition and are mechanistically linked to type II diabetes and accelerated body aging; abnormal nutrient and insulin...Full Text Available

2010-07-27

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421

Magnetic iron compounds in the human brain: a comparison of tumour and hippocampal tissue

Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD⁺-dependent protein deacetylases and/or ADP-ribosyltransferases that can extend the lifespan of several lower model organisms including yeast, worms and flies....Full Text Available

422

Macropinocytosis is decreased in diabetic mouse macrophages and is regulated by AMPK

Iron is a central element in the metabolism of normal and malignant cells. Abnormalities in iron and ferritin expression have been observed in many types of cancer. Interest in characterizing iron compounds...Full Text Available

2006-12-22

423

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO METHOPRENE IN THE AMERICAN LOBSTER, HOMARUS AMERICANUS

BackgroundMacrophages (MΦs) utilize macropinocytosis to integrate immune and metabolic signals in order to initiate an effective immune response. Diabetes is characterized...Full Text Available

424

Long-lasting inhibition of presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmitter release by protein S-nitrosylation

... hepatopancreas (1.55 ppm), gonad (5.18 ppm), epithelial tissue (6.17 ppm) and, most significantly, the eyestalks ( ... by Day 1 Stage I larvae and by epithelial tissue of postmolt juvenile lobsters. Postmo...

425

Life Span Extension in Mice by Food Restriction Depends on an Energy Imbalance12

Nitric oxide (NO) and related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a major role in the pathophysiology of stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. One of the poorly understood consequences...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

426

Lack of association between dietary fructose and hyperuricemia risk in adults

In this study, our main objective was to determine whether energy restriction (ER) affects the rate of oxygen consumption of mice transiently or lastingly and whether metabolic rate plays a role in...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

427

Isoenzymes of Sugar Phosphate Metabolism in Endosperm of Germinating Castor Beans ¹

BackgroundHigh serum uric acid concentration (hyperuricemia) has been studied for its relationship with multiple adverse health outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome. Intervention...Full Text Available

428

Iron Metabolism in the Anaemia of Chronic Renal Failure. Effects of Dialysis and of Pareuteral Iron

Two isoenzymes each of phosphoglucomutase, hexose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, fructose diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase have been separated by DEAE-cellulose...Full Text Available

1981-06-01

429

Interrelationships in trace-element metabolism in metal toxicities in a cobalt-resistant strain of Neurospora crassa

Serial studies of iron transport in patients on maintenance dialysis showed normal or raised values in almost all subjects and a transient increase soon after the start of dialysis in three. These...Full Text Available

1969-07-26

430

Interleukin-7 mediates glucose utilization in lymphocytes through transcriptional regulation of the hexokinase II gene

A strain of Neurospora crassa was isolated by training the mould to grow on media containing high concentrations of Co²⁺. This strain, the Co^R strain, exhibited...Full Text Available

1973-04-01

431

In Silico Atomic Tracing by Substrate-Product Relationships in Escherichia coli Intermediary Metabolism

The cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7) has essential growth activities that maintain the homeostatic balance of the immune system. Little is known of the mechanism by which IL-7 signaling regulates metabolic...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

432

Identification of Potential Calorie Restriction-Mimicking Yeast Mutants with Increased Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and Nitric Oxide Levels

We present a software system that computationally reproduces biochemical radioisotope-tracer experiments. It consists of three main components: A mapping database of substrate-product atomic correspondents...Full Text Available

2003-11-01

433

Identification and Characterization of Retinoid-Active Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases in Drosophila melanogaster

Calorie restriction (CR) induces a metabolic shift towards mitochondrial respiration; however, molecular mechanisms underlying CR remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that CR-induced mitochondrial...Full Text Available

434

Growth and Energy Generation by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis during Citrate Metabolism

BackgroundIn chordates, retinoid metabolism is an important target of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). It is not known whether SDRs play a role in retinoid...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

435

Functional pools of oxidative and glycolytic fibers in human muscle observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during exercise.

Growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis was observed on media with citrate as the only energy source. At pH 5.6, steady state was achieved in...Full Text Available

1993-12-01

436

Fatty Acid- and Retinoid-binding Proteins Have Distinct Binding Pockets for the Two Types of Cargo*

Quantitative probing of heterogeneous regions in muscle is feasible with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy because of the differentiation of metabolic patterns of glycolytic and oxidative...Full Text Available

1987-12-01

437

Expression of a coriander desaturase results in petroselinic acid production in transgenic tobacco.

Parasitic nematodes cause serious diseases in humans, animals, and plants. They have limited lipid metabolism and are reliant on lipid-binding proteins to acquire these metabolites from their hosts....Full Text Available

2009-12-18

438

Exploring the Temperature-Stress Metabolome of Arabidopsis1[w

Little is known about the metabolic origin of petroselinic acid (18:1 delta 6cis), the principal fatty acid of the seed oil of most Umbelliferae, Araliaceae, and Garryaceae species. To examine the possibility...Full Text Available

1992-12-01

439

Enhanced Levels of the Aroma and Flavor Compound S-Linalool by Metabolic Engineering of the Terpenoid Pathway in Tomato Fruits1

Metabolic profiling analyses were performed to determine metabolite temporal dynamics associated with the induction of acquired thermotolerance in response to heat shock and acquired freezing tolerance...Full Text Available

2004-12-01

440

Elevated BMI Is Associated With Decreased Blood Flow in the Prefrontal Cortex Using SPECT Imaging in Healthy Adults

The aromas of fruits, vegetables, and flowers are mixtures of volatile metabolites, often present in parts per billion levels or less. We show here that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum...Full Text Available

2001-11-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Effects of p-Synephrine alone and in Combination with Selected Bioflavonoids on Resting Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Self-Reported Mood Changes

Obesity is a risk factor for stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Excess body fat has been linked to impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and impulsivity and may be a precursor to decline...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

442

Effects of Cycling Temperatures on Fiber Metabolism in Cultured Cotton Ovules ¹

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract is widely used in dietary supplements for weight management and sports performance. Its primary protoalkaloid is p-synephrine....Full Text Available

443

Effect of long-term caloric restriction on oxygen consumption and body temperature in two different strains of mice

The effects of temperature on rates of cellulose synthesis, respiration, and long-term glucose uptake were investigated using cultured cotton ovules (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala...Full Text Available

1992-10-01

444

Effect of Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) on the Developmental Quotient of Children with Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Influence of Thyroid Status

The hypothesis, that a decrease in metabolic rate mediates the life span prolonging effect of caloric restriction (CR), was tested using two strains of mice, one of which, C57BL/6, exhibits...Full Text Available

2007-10-01

445

Early metabolism evaluation making traditional Chinese medicine effective and safe therapeutics*

BackgroundSeven genes involved in folate metabolism are located on chromosome 21. Previous studies have shown that folate deficiency may contribute to mental retardation in Down's...Full Text Available

446

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Increasing attention is being paid to the scientific evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As many TCMs are capable of biotransformation in the gastrointestinal tract, attention to biotransformation...Full Text Available

2006-02-01

447

Diversity of Microbial Sialic Acid Metabolism

Social stress is prevalent in many facets of modern society. Epidemiological data suggest that stress is linked to the development of overweight, obesity and metabolic disease. Although there...Full Text Available

2007-07-24

448

Dissolved Hydrocarbons and Related Microflora in a Fjordal Seaport: Sources, Sinks, Concentrations, and Kinetics

Sialic acids are structurally unique nine-carbon keto sugars occupying the interface between the host and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms. An important function of host sialic acid is to regulate...Full Text Available

2004-03-01

449

Differentially regulated malate synthase genes participate in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of S. cerevisiae.

The continuous addition of toluene as a solute of treated ballast water from oil tankers into a well-defined estuary facilitated the study of the dynamics of dissolved hydrocarbon metabolism in seawater....Full Text Available

1981-10-01

450

Cyclic Diguanylate Signaling Proteins Control Intracellular Growth of Legionella pneumophila

We have isolated a second gene (MLS1), which in addition to DAL7, encodes malate synthase from S. cerevisiae. Expression of the two genes is specific for their physiological roles in carbon and nitrogen...Full Text Available

1992-11-11

451

Creatine and Phosphocreatine: A Review of Their Use in Exercise and Sport

Proteins that metabolize or bind the nucleotide second messenger cyclic diguanylate regulate a wide variety of important processes in bacteria. These processes include motility, biofilm formation, cell...Full Text Available

452

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and Epiphytism Linked to Adaptive Radiations in the Orchidaceae1[OA

Objective: Creatine and phosphocreatine (PCr) are important compounds in the normal energy metabolism of muscle. Recently, it has been shown that dietary creatine (5 to 20 g/day)...Full Text Available

1997-01-01

453

Continuous monitoring of receptor-mediated changes in the metabolic rates of living cells.

Species of the large family Orchidaceae display a spectacular array of adaptations and rapid speciations that are linked to several innovative features, including specialized pollination syndromes,...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

454

Consequences of Low Neonatal Iron Status due to Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on Explicit Memory Performance in Childhood

Activation of beta-adrenergic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in transfected cells or epidermal growth factor receptors in human keratinocytes produces 15% to 200% changes in cellular...Full Text Available

1990-05-01

455

Comparison of the Survival and Metabolic Activity of Psychrophilic and Mesophilic Yeasts Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Stress

Diabetic pregnancies are characterized by chronic metabolic insults, including iron deficiency, that place the developing brain at risk and for memory impairment later in life. A behavioral...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

456

Comparing and Contrasting the Roles of AMPK and SIRT1 in Metabolic Tissues

A mesophilic yeast, Candida utilis, and a psychrophilic yeast, Leucosporidium stokesii, were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling over the range 25 to -60 C. Viability...Full Text Available

1975-06-01

457

Comparative transcripts profiling reveals new insight into molecular processes regulating lycopene accumulation in a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) red-flesh mutant

The ability to adapt and respond to nutrients is an ancient cellular function, conserved from unicellular to the most complex multicellular organisms, including mammals. Mammals adapt to changes...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

458

Comparative aspects of pesticide metabolism in plants and animals.

BackgroundInterest in lycopene metabolism and regulation is growing rapidly because accumulative studies have suggested an important role for lycopene in human health promotion....Full Text Available

459

Citrate Uptake in Exchange with Intermediates in the Citrate Metabolic Pathway in Lactococcus lactis IL1403?

Pesticide chemicals are an important component of modern agriculture. Through their use, plants and animals are exposed to pesticides directly and indirectly from transport through soil, water, and...Full Text Available

1978-12-01

460

Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disease: Findings from Animal Models

Carbohydrate/citrate cometabolism in Lactococcus lactis results in the formation of the flavor compound acetoin. Resting cells of strain IL1403(pFL3) rapidly consumed citrate while...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Metabolic Links and Therapeutic Considerations

Social opportunities and work demands have caused humans to become increasingly active during the late evening hours, leading to a shift from the predominantly diurnal lifestyle of our ancestors...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

462

Calculating Radiation Exposures during Use of ¹⁴C-Labeled Nutrients, Food Components, and Biopharmaceuticals To Quantify Metabolic Behavior in Humans

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is increasing in incidence, creating worldwide public health concerns and impacting morbidity and mortality rates. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated shared...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

463

Auxin-Induced Ethylene Production as Related to Auxin Metabolism in Leaf Discs of Tobacco and Sugar Beet 1

¹⁴C has long been used as a tracer for quantifying the in...Full Text Available

2010-04-28

464

Age- and Gender-Related Differences in the Geometric Properties and Biomechanical Significance of Intracortical Porosity in the Distal Radius and Tibia

Exogenously supplied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) stimulated ethylene production in tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) leaf discs but not in those of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris...Full Text Available

1983-11-01

465

Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of Factors Related to Lipid Processing in Obesity

Cortical bone contributes the majority of overall bone mass and bears the bulk of axial loads in the peripheral skeleton. Bone metabolic disorders often are manifested by cortical microstructural changes...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

466

Adipocyte Apoptosis, a Link between Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic Steatosis*

BackgroundAdipose tissue lipid storage and processing capacity can be a key factor for obesity-related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. Lipid uptake is...Full Text Available

467

Ab binding alters gene expression in Cryptococcus neoformans and directly modulates fungal metabolism

Adipocyte death has been reported in both obese humans and rodents. However, its role in metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation associated with obesity...Full Text Available

2010-01-29

468

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cross-talks with canonical Wnt signaling via phosphorylation of ?-catenin at Ser 552

Abs facilitate humoral immunity via the classical mechanisms of opsonization, complement activation, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and toxin/viral neutralization. There is also evidence that some...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

469

A small RNA promotes siderophore production through transcriptional and metabolic remodeling

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy metabolism; its activity is regulated by a plethora of physiological conditions, exercises and many anti-diabetic drugs. Recent...Full Text Available

2010-04-23

470

A novel fluorescent pH probe for expression in plants

Siderophores are essential factors for iron (Fe) acquisition in bacteria during colonization and infection of eukaryotic hosts, which restrain iron access through iron-binding protein, such as lactoferrin...Full Text Available

2010-08-24

471

A direct role for serum albumin in the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids.

BackgroundThe pH is an important parameter controlling many metabolic and signalling pathways in living cells. Recombinant fluorescent pH indicators (pHluorins) have come into vogue...Full Text Available

472

A comparative analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism, N utilization, and carbon partitioning in fast- and slow-growing Populus hybrid clones

The interaction of long-chain fatty acids with cells is important for their uptake and metabolism, as well as their involvement in signalling processes. The majority of long-chain fatty acids circulating...Full Text Available

1995-05-15

473

A Comparison between Quin-2 and Aequorin as Indicators of Cytoplasmic Calcium Levels in Higher Plant Cell Protoplasts ¹

The biosynthetic costs of phenylpropanoid-derived condensed tannins (CTs) and phenolic glycosides (PGs) are substantial. However, despite reports of negative correlations between leaf phenolic content...Full Text Available

2009-08-01

474

1,3-Butadiene: linking metabolism, dosimetry, and mutation induction.

Assessment of the regulation of plant metabolism by the calcium ion requires a knowledge of its intracellular levels and dynamics. Technical problems have prevented direct measurement of the concentration...Full Text Available

1989-06-01

475

PET/CT cardiology: an area whose boundaries are still out of sight

There is increasing concern for the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to chemical mixtures. To better understand the complex interactions of chemicals within a mixture, it is essential...Full Text Available

1994-11-01

476

Nutrition and Physical Activity in Aging, Obesity, and Cancer

Positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) performed with PET/CT cameras allow us to obtain concurrently information on the presence and degree of alterations of myocardial perfusion and metabolism and on coronary arteries calcification. Furthermore, by gated myocardial perfusion studies, PET may provide crucial information on regional coronary blood flow reserve and endothelial dysfunction. A number of recent papers provide some insight on the potential of PET/CT in cardiology and in the assessment of various cardiovascular diseases including various types of vasculitis and metabolic diseases.

2006-05-01

477

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The liver is a primary target of growth hormone (GH). GH signals are mediated by the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Here, we focus on recent discoveries about the role of GH-STAT5 signaling in hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. We discuss roles of the GH-STAT5 axis in body growth, lipid metabolism, and the cell cycle pertaining to hepatosteatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we discuss recent discoveries about the role of GH-STAT5 in sex-specific gene expression and bile acid, steroid, and drug metabolism.

2011-01-01

478

Microbiological Transformations of Radionuclides in the Subsurface

Influence of anaerobic microbial activity on biosorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in subsurface environments although their populations sizes and metabolic activities can vary considerably depending on energy and nutrient inputs. As a result of their metabolic activities and the chemical properties of their cell surfaces and the exopolymers they produce, microorganisms can directly or indirectly facilitate the biotransformation of radionuclides, thus altering their solubility and overall fate and transport in the environment. Although biosorption to cell surfaces and exopolymers can be an important factor modifying the solubility of some radionuclides under specific conditions, oxidation state is often considered the single most important factor controlling their speciation and, therefore, environmental behavior.

2010-01-04

479

Fluoride induced changes in protein metabolism in the tissues of freshwater crab Barytelphusa guerini.

Biosorption is an important removal mechanism in treating hydrophobic toxic organics in biological reactors. Equilibrium sorption isotherms and sorption kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenol on live and chemically inactive anaerobic granules were studied. A metabolic inhibitor was used to inactivate the biological activity of the biomass. Results showed that the difference in the biosorption of live and chemically inactive anaerobic granules is not significant. This would suggest that anaerobic biosorption is mainly a physical-chemical process and that metabolic-mediated diffusion in the process is negligible. 12 refs., 3 tabs., 7 figs.

1995-12-31

480

Effect of protein malnutrition on the metabolism of bone collagen in albino rats

Exposure of the freshwater field crab Barytelphusa guerini to a sublethal concentration of NaF (30 mg litre(-1)) caused significant alterations in protein metabolism. After an exposure time of 15 days, the crab was found to have a marked depletion of total protein and free amino acid content. A significant elevation in transaminases, Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities was reflected in the free amino acid levels of the tissues. PMID:15092215

1990-01-01

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481

Effect of repeated benzene inhalation exposures on benzene metabolism, binding to hemoglobin, and induction of micronuclei

The effect of protein malnutrition on the metabolism of collagen in bone was studied in young female albino rats after a single injection of "3H-proline. Both specific and total radioactivities of hydroxyproline in the total collagen of the bone were found to decrease in the protein-deficient animals, indicating decreased rate of collagen synthesis. In the urine the amount of hydroxyproline excreted and total radioactivity of "3H-hydroxyproline were greatly decreased. The results of the present investigation therefore clearly indicate decreased synthesis and catabolism of collagen in bones of protein deficient animals compared to controls. (auth.).

1981-01-01

482

Two and 8-azido photoaffinity probes. 2. Studies on the binding process of 2-5A synthetase by photosensitive ATP analogues

Metabolism of benzene is thought to be necessary to produce the toxic effects, including carcinogenicity, associated with benzene exposure. To extrapolate from the results of rodent studies to potential health risks in man, one must know how benzene metabolism is affected by species, dose, dose rate, and repeated versus single exposures. The purpose of our studies was to determine the effect of repeated inhalation exposures on the metabolism of [14C]benzene by rodents. Benzene metabolism was assessed by characterizing and quantitating urinary metabolites, and by quantitating 14C bound to hemoglobin and micronuclei induction. F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed, nose-only, to 600 ppm benzene or to air (control) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. On the last day, both benzene-pretreated and control animals were exposed to 600 ppm, 14C-labeled benzene for 6 hr. Individual benzene metabolites in ...

483

Structures of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase-fungicide complexes: implications for structure-based design and catalysis

The photoaffinity probes [#gamma#-"3"2P]2-azidoATP (2-N_3ATP) and [#alpha#-"3"2P]8-azido-ATP (8-N_3ATP) were used to investigate the binding of ATP to highly purified 2-5A synthetase. 2-N_3APT and 8-N_3ATP are substrates for 2-5A synthetase. In this study the authors show that 2- and 8-N_3ATP are competitive inhibitors of the enzymatic conversion of ATP to 2-5A. Ultraviolet irradiation results in the photoinsertion of 2-N_3ATP and 8-N_3ATP into the enzyme. The covalent photoinsertion of [#alpha#-"3"2P]8-N_3ATP into the 2-5A synthetase is proportional to the inactivation of the enzyme as UV irradiation is increased. Photolabeling of 2-5A synthetase is saturated at 1.5 mM 2-N_3ATP and 2.0 mM 8-N_3ATP. Computer analysis of the curvilinear Scatchard plots of the 2-5A synthetase suggest the presence of high-affinity and low-affinity binding sites that may correspond to the acceptor and the 2'-adenylation sites of the enzyme. The ...

484

Mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed phospho group transfer

Trihydroxynaphthalene reductase catalyzes two intermediate steps in the fungal melanin biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme, a typical short-chain dehydrogenase, is the biochemical target of three commercial fungicides. The fungicides bind preferentially to the NADPH form of the enzyme. Three X-ray structures of the Magnaporthe grisea enzyme complexed with NADPH and two commercial and one experimental fungicide were determined at 1.7 {angstrom} (pyroquilon), 2.0 {angstrom} (2,3-dihydro-4-nitro-1H-inden-1-one, 1), and 2.1 {angstrom} (phthalide) resolutions. The chemically distinct inhibitors occupy similar space within the enzyme's active site. The three inhibitors share hydrogen bonds with the side chain hydroxyls of Ser-164 and Tyr-178 via a carbonyl oxygen (pyroquilon and 1) or via a carbonyl oxygen and a ring oxygen (phthalide). Active site residues occupy similar positions among the three ...

2010-03-08

485

Interplay Between Oncoproteins and Antioxidant Enzymes in Esophageal Carcinoma Treated Without and With Chemoradiotherapy: A Prospective Study

To understand more fully the mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed phospho group transfer, the stereochemical course at phosphorus of four enzymes has been determined. First, using adenosine (..gamma..-(S)-/sup 16/O, /sup 17/O, /sup 18/O)triphosphate as the substrate, the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase has been found to proceed with overall inversion of configuration at phosphorus. Second, using adenosine (..beta..-(S)-/sup 16/O, /sup 17/O, /sup 18/O)diphosphate as the substrate, the reaction catalyzed by adenylate kinase has been found also to proceed with overall inversion. Third, the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has been studied using ((S/sub p/)-/sup 16/O, /sup 17/O)thiophospoenolpyruvate as the substrate in H/sub 2/ /sup 18/O. Fourth, using adenosine 5'-O-((..gamma..S/sub p/)-..beta gamma..-/sup 17/O,..gamma..-/sup 17/O,/sup 18/O)(3-thiotriphosphate) as the substrate, the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate ...

1986-01-01

486

Formation of an intramolecular cystine disulfide during the reaction of 8-azidoguanosine 5'-triphosphate with cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) causes inactivation without photolabeling

Purpose: To analyze p53, bcl-2, c-myc, and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression changes and examine their relationship with various antioxidant enzymes in esophageal carcinoma patients. Methods and Materials: Patients in Group 1 underwent transhiatal esophagectomy and those in Group 2 were administered chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery after 4 weeks of neoadjuvant therapy. Results: The relationship analysis among the various protein markers and antioxidant enzymes showed an inverse correlation between bcl-2 and superoxide dismutase/catalase in tumor tissues, irrespective of the treatment arm followed. An important positive association was observed between bcl-2 and reduced glutathione levels in the tumor tissue of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Another apoptosis-modulating marker, c-myc, in the tumor tissue of Group 2 patients showed similar pattern levels (high and low) as that of superoxide dismutase/catalase. The association of ...

2008-02-01

487

Formation of an intramolecular cystine disulfide during the reaction of 8-azidoguanosine 5 prime -triphosphate with cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) causes inactivation without photolabeling

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) specifically utilizes a guanosine or inosine nucleotide as a substrate, yet it does not share extended sequence homology with other GTP-binding proteins, and the molecular basis for its nucleotide specificity is not understood. In an effort to locate the enzyme's nucleotide-binding site, the authors have studied the interaction of cytosolic PEPCK from rat liver with the photoprobe 8-azidoGTP, which fulfills the criteria of a specific photoaffinity label for PEPCK. The photoprobe binds reversibly to the enzyme prior to modification and at low concentrations causes greater than 60% inactivation-GTP provides nearly complete protection against inactivation by 8-azidoGTP, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate and metal ions provide partial protection. In addition, the photoprobe is a substrate for the enzyme and has a K_m similar to that for GTP. However, the extent of covalent modification ...

488

Enzyme-induced growth of silver nanoparticles studied on single particle level

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) specifically utilizes a guanosine or inosine nucleotide as a substrate, yet it does not share extended sequence homology with other GTP-binding proteins, and the molecular basis for its nucleotide specificity is not understood. In an effort to locate the enzyme's nucleotide-binding site, the authors have studied the interaction of cytosolic PEPCK from rat liver with the photoprobe 8-azidoGTP, which fulfills the criteria of a specific photoaffinity label for PEPCK. The photoprobe binds reversibly to the enzyme prior to modification and at low concentrations causes greater than 60% inactivation-GTP provides nearly complete protection against inactivation by 8-azidoGTP, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate and metal ions provide partial protection. In addition, the photoprobe is a substrate for the enzyme and has a K{sub m} similar to that for GTP. However, the extent of covalent ...

1989-11-28

489

Enhancement of starch conversion efficiency with free and immobilized pullulanase and alpha-1,4-glucosidase.

Based on their interesting properties, metal nanoparticles show the potential as an analytical tool in electronic (Burmeister et al. 2004), optical (Yguerabide and Yguerabide 1998), and catalytic applications (Liu 2006). Their characteristics depend on the composition, shape, and size of the single particles. These various properties are utilized in many different approaches such as optics, magnetics (Lang et al. 2007), and laser technology (Csaki et al. 2007). We investigated an alternative method for the synthesis of nanoparticles. In this case, an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, induces a silver deposition and replaces a metal nanoparticle as the reaction seed. Depending on the reaction time, we could obtain particles in a range of few nanometers up to more than 250 nm. For a better understanding of the enzymatic silver deposition process, the silver particles produced by this process were analyzed by SEM, TEM, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on a single ...

2009-05-15

490

Purification and characterization of four keratinases produced by Streptomyces sp. strain 16 in native human foot skin medium

Glucoamylase and pullulanase were immobilized on reconstituted bovine-hide collagen membranes using the covalent azide linkage method. A pretanning step was incorporated into the immobilization procedure to enable the support matrix to resist proteolytic activity while accommodating an operating temperature of 50 degrees C. The immobilized glucoamylase and pullulanase activities were 0.91 and 0.022 mg dextrose equivalent (DE) min(-1) cm(-2) of membrane, respectively. Immobilized glucoamylase had a half-life of 50 days while the immobilized pullulanase had a half-life of 7 days. This is a considerably improved stability over that reported by other researchers. The enzymes were studied in their free and immobilized forms on a variety of starch substrates including waxy maize, a material which contains 80% alpha-1-6-glucosidic linkages. Substrate concentrations ranged from 1% to a typical commercial concentration of 30%. Conversion efficiencies of 90-92% DE were ...

1982-02-01

491

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Four extracellular keratinases (designated KI, KII, KIII, and KIV) were produced during submerged aerobic cultivation in a medium containing native human foot skin (NHFS) for enzyme synthesis. The molecular weights, determined by SDS-PAGE, were 25, 50, 34, and 19kDa, respectively. Gel filtration of the four purified enzymes in native conditions indicated that active keratinase KI is a novel homo-octamer, KII a homo-dimer, and KIII and KIV monomers. All four keratinases exhibited high activities at pH 8.0-10.0 with an optimal pH of 9.0. The optimal temperature for keratinolytic activity of KI, KII, and KIII was approximately 50, and 60degreeC for KIV. One millimolar of PMSF completely inhibited the keratinolytic activities of the four enzymes. The N-terminal sequences of KI, KII, and KIII s...

2010-01-01

492

New Insights into the Design of Inhibitors of Human S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase: Studies of Adenine C[superscript 8] Substitution in Structural Analogues of S-Adenosylmethionine

Lipid domain formation modulates activities of snake venom phospholipase A(2) enzymes.

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a critical enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and depends on a pyruvoyl group for the decarboxylation process. The crystal structures of the enzyme with various inhibitors at the active site have shown that the adenine base of the ligands adopts an unusual syn conformation when bound to the enzyme. To determine whether compounds that favor the syn conformation in solution would be more potent AdoMetDC inhibitors, several series of AdoMet substrate analogues with a variety of substituents at the 8-position of adenine were synthesized and analyzed for their ability to inhibit hAdoMetDC. The biochemical analysis indicated that an 8-methyl substituent resulted in more potent inhibitors, yet most other 8-substitutions provided no benefit over the parent compound. To understand these results, we used computational modeling and X-ray crystallography to study C{sup ...

2009-04-02

493

5,10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism as a risk factor for neural tube defects

The goal of the present study is to elucidate the effect of lipid domain formation on activities of Naja naja atra and Bungarus multicinctus phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes. Sphingomyelin inhibited enzymatic activity and membrane-damaging activity of PLA(2) against egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC), while cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate abrogated the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin. The ability of cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate to abolish the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin was closely related to their capacity to induce domain formation in EYPC/sphingomyelin vesicles. Laurdan fluorescence measurement revealed that membrane packing of EYPC/sphingomyelin vesicles was differently affected by cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate. Unlike cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate was unable to promote domain formation in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles. Cholesterol increased but cholesterol sulfate reduced PLA(2) activity against DPPC. ...

2010-08-10

494

The anti-snake venom properties of Tamarindus indica (leguminosae) seed extract

Persons with a thermolabile form of the enzyme 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have reduced enzyme activity and increased plasma homocysteine which can be lowered by supplemental folic acid. Thermolability of the enzyme has recently been shown to be caused by a common mutation (677C{sup {r_arrow}}T) in the MTHFR gene. We studied 41 fibroblast cultures from NTD-affected fetuses and compared their genotypes with those of 109 blood specimens from individuals in the general population. 677C{sup {r_arrow}}T homozygosity was associated with a 7.2 fold increased risk for NTDs (95% confidence interval: 1.8-30.3; p value: 0.001). These preliminary data suggest that the 677C{sup {r_arrow}}T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is a risk factor for spina bifida and anencephaly that may provide a partial biologic explanation for why folic acid prevents these types of NTD. 13 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

1996-06-28

495

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In Indian traditional medicine, various plants have been used widely as a remedy for treating snakebites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tamarindus indica seed extract on the pharmacological as well as the enzymatic effects induced by V. russelli venom. Tamarind seed extract inhibited the PLA2, protease, hyaluronidase, L-amino acid oxidase and 5prime-nucleotidase enzyme activities of venom in a dose-dependent manner. These are the major hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the early effects of envenomation, such as local tissue damage, inflammation and hypotension. Furthermore, the extract neutralized the degradation of the Bb chain of human fibrinogen and indirect hemolysis caused by venom. It was also observed that the extract exerted a moderate effect on the clotting ...

2006-01-01

496

Effect of Tong Luo Jiu Nao on Ab-degrading enzymes in AD rat brains

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tong Luo Jiu Nao (TLJN) is a modern Chinese formula based on Traditional Chinese Medicine theory that has been used to treat ischemic cerebral stroke and vascular dementia. TLJN belongs to the ethnopharmacological family of medicines. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the TLJN effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of TLJN on b-amyloid-degrading enzymes and learning and memory in the AD rat brain. Materials and methods: AD rats whose disease was induced by Ab25-35 injection into the bilateral hippocampus CA1 region were subjected to intragastric administration of various preparations. The experimental animals were healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats which were randomly divided into normal, sham, model, TLJN...

2011-01-01

497

Chitinolytic enzyme production and genetic improvement of a new isolate belonging to Streptomyces anulatus

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained from different sources and sites at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on chitin agar medium; 9 of the 30 isolates were cultured in liquid medium containing chitin as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Isolate SM21, which was isolated from shrimp shells, showed the best growth and chitinase production in liquid medium. According to its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, SM21 belongs to the genus Streptomyces and was identified as Streptomyces anulatus SM21. Identification was confirmed using 16S rDNA analysis. The chitinase enzyme was precipitated with 80% NH4SO4 and purified using DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The molecular weight determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylam...

2011-01-01

498

Characterization of enzyme-deproteinized skim rubber

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Skim natural rubber latex is a protein-rich byproduct obtained during the centrifugal concentration of natural rubber latex. Skim latex has a very low dry rubber content (4-8%), and the rubber particles are smaller in size. It has a higher proportion of nonrubber solids, which are mostly proteinaceous in nature. It is difficult to coagulate, and it takes more processing time. The proteins in skim latex can be decomposed by proteolytic enzymes. This article discusses the use of stabilized liquid papain from the papaya plant (Carica papaya) for deproteinization followed by creaming for quick and easy coagulation of skim latex. The technological properties and aging characteristics of the deproteinized skim rubber are compared with those of conventionally prepared skim rubber and block rubber...

2009-01-01

499

Bioconvertion of spent cellulose sausage casings

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Cellulose sausage cellulose casings are used extensively in the manufacture of sausages in meat packaging. After stripping the meat, spent casings mainly contain cellulose and residual meat juice with salt, nitrate and nitrite. Disposal of spent sausage casings has serious economic and environmental concerns for the sausage industry. This work describes bioconversion of spent cellulose casings (SCC) into enzymes, lactic acid and ethanol by using cellulolytic fungi, lactobacillus and yeasts. The solid substrate cultivation (SSC) of Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 on SCC and blends gave a maximum of 152 filter paper cellulase (FPase) activity and about 100 carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase)/g dry weight substrate. The SSC produced enzyme-rich casing with 50 FPase when directly mixed as suc...

2008-01-01

500

Ability of a solid state fermentation technique to significantly minimize catabolic repression of. alpha. -amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis M27