Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As evidence of its effectiveness rapidly accumulates, the Lomi process has most recently been used to decontaminate the recirculation loops and the reactor water clean-up unit of a BWR at Monticello in the United States. An average decontamination factor of 23 was achieved in the recirculation loops.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project evaluated the feasibility of using a low-concentration (approx. 0.5 wt %) chemical cleaning process to remove corrosion product deposits from steam generator surfaces and magnetite from tube-to-support plate crevices of PWR steam generators. The primary objective was to develop a dilute process that could be safely applied at scheduled intervals, such as during normal refueling outages, to maintain a clean operating condition in the steam generator. The dilute chemical cleaning process developed in this project was demonstrated successfully on two model generators which were operated on faulted chemistry by DOE/CRC at Commonwealth's State Line Facility. Unit 5 was cleaned after 48 days of operation with 1% seawater fouling, and Unit 6 was cleaned after 112 days of operations with Lake Michigan water. This report describes work leading to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Contamination and blockages of the cooling tubes in the turbine condenser disturb the heat transfer, thereby causing power losses at the turbine and increasing the fuel demand. Corrosions cause tubing leakages which require operating downtimes and reduce the lifetime of the pipes. Tube cleaning systems and backflushing cooling water filters eliminate these problems. Nevertheless it can come to coatings in the condenser tubes, if the tube cleaning equipment does not operate optimally or if coarse dirt is entered. Under this aspect, the author of the contribution under consideration reports on these problems on the basis of practical examples. The author gives references to the optimized operation of the tube cleaning system and the cooling water filtration.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Some of the origins of corrosion encountered in the secondary side of pressurized water reactor steam generators are:-sludge accumulation (a mixture of metal oxides, primarily magnetite and copper) on tube sheet and attack of tube support plates by aggressive impurities leading to denting. Although Electricite de France has not suffered from these problems, it has developed a chemical cleaning process to dissolve corrosion products at both locations. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Reference Book contains a current copy of the Clean Water Act (Section 404) and the Rivers and Harbors Act (Sections 9 and 10) and those regulations that implement those sections of the statutes and appear to be most relevant to DOE activities. The document is provided to DOE and contractor staff for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as legal guidance. Updates that include important new requirements will be provided periodically. Questions concerning this Reference Book may be directed to Mark Petts, IH-231 (FTS 896-2609 or Commercial 202/586-2609).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novel and unprecedented ion exchange resin cleaning system, for use in BWR plants and featuring a vibration separator and basic design factors of Radiological Solutions, Inc., had been delivered to Tokai No. 2 Power Station, Japan Atomic Power Company, in October 2005. This compactly-designed system effectively separates crud and resin fines from ion exchange resins, with no clogging of separation screens. It generates minimized waste liquid and has a specially designed over-pack cleaning tank. The system has been in operation for about 2 years and half now and favorable operational data, such as crud and sulfate concentration decrease in feed water and reactor water respectively, and evaluation results have been reported from Japan Atomic Power Company and so on. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biosorption means the storage of substances at the cell envelope. Different microbial biomasses were tested for the separation of radionuclides from mining waters. Results of a pilot plant demonstrate the ability of these techniques for water cleaning processes. An effluent concentration of lower than 1 mg/l (in most cases 0.1 mg/1) could be realized in a pilot plant by using pure cells of a methylotrophic strain of bacteria as well as using of a fungal mycelia.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When completed, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be the world's largest laser with experimental capabilities applicable to stockpile stewardship, energy research, science and astrophysics. As construction of the conventional facilities nears completion, operations supporting the installation of specialized laser equipment have come online. Playing a critical role in the precision cleaning of mechanical parts from the NIF beamline are three pieces of aqueous cleaning equipment. Housed in the Optics Assembly Building (OAB), adjacent to NIF's laser bay, are the large mechanical parts gross cleaner (LMPGC), the large mechanical parts precision cleaner (LMPPC), and the small mechanical parts gross and precision cleaner (SMPGPC). These aqueous units, designed and built by Sonic Systems, Inc., of Newtown, Pennsylvania, not only accommodate parts that vary greatly in size, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A collection of 14 papers from a June 1981 seminar assess the costs of damage caused by water pollution. The seminar focused on the economic rather than the legal standpoint by evaluating the cost of the clean-up operations themselves and other costs, such as direct or indirect economic losses, and converting into money terms the damage to the environment, the loss of recreational facilities, and biomass losses. The papers are grouped into four sections which look at the scale of risk, the clean-up costs for specific oil spills, other costs inflicted on coastal zones, and legal aspects of compensation. Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 16 papers selected for the Energy Data Base.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Contents of this report are under the following topical sections: Legal Authority; Summary and Scope; Data Collection Activities; Industry Description; Industry Subcategorization; Water Use and Wastewater Characterization; Pollutants Selected for Regulation; Pollution Prevention and Wastewater Treatment Technologies; Development of Control and Treatment Options; Costs of Technology Bases for Regulations; Pollutant Reduction Estimates; Non-Water Quality Impacts; Implementation of Proposed Effluent Limitation Guidelines and Standards; Analytical Methods; and Glossary.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vertical U-tube steam generators in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) operating an All Volatile Treatment (AVT) secondary chemistry have experienced corrosion problems, particularly denting and sludges. The studies reported evaluate the feasibility of using a low-concentration (0.5 wt%) chemical cleaning process to remove corrosion product deposits from steam generator surfaces and magnetite from tube-to-support plate crevices of PWR steam generators. The process potentially may be applied at schedule intervals, such as during normal refueling outages, to maintain a steam generator in clean operating condition. This report describes the results of testing to evaluate the effectiveness of several chelant acids for dissolving steam generator sludges and crevice magnetite. Corrosion of carbon steel by the chelant acids and the effects of various inhibitors are evaluated. The effectiveness of ion-exchange regeneration of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of this project is to develop a bench-scale procedure to produce clean, desulfurized, premium-quality chars from the Illinois basin coals. This goal is achieved by utilizing the effective capabilty of smectites in combination with methane to manipulate the char yields. The major objectives are: to determine the optimum water- ground particle size for the maximum reduction of pyrite and minerals by the selective-bitumen agglomeration process; to evaluate the type of smectite and its interlamellar cation which enhances the premium-quality char yields; to find the mode of dispersion of smectites in clean coal which retards the agglomeration of char during mild gasification; to probe the conditions that maximize the desulfurized clean-char yields under a combination of methane+oxygen or helium+oxygen; to characterize and accomplish a material balance of chars, liquids, and gases produced during ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the action of reagents used for cleaning cyan-containing waste water for conditioning of the overflow of copper concentrate thickners of the Belousovskiy enrichment before sorption extraction of gold by activated charcoal. It was established that conditioning of the overflow by iron sulfates (II), copper and zinc diminshes, and by hypochlorite increases the capacitance of the activated charcoal for gold.

Wastenet

... The products can be categorised as glazed flat-plate collectors, evacuated glass-tube collectors, and unglazed plastic or low temperature collectors. Glazed flat-plate collectors and vacuum tubes are widely used for solar water heating and space heating systems in all types of buildings. Unglazed plastic collectors are used exclusively for lower temperature applications, such as outdoor swimming pools or the agrarian business. Flat-plate solar collectors are likely to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic impact which could result from the application of effluent limitations guidelines and standards issued under Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, 308, and 501 of the Clean Water Act to the plastics molding and forming industry.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper discusses clean coal technology developments in India. 2 photos.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Technical Development Document supporting proposed water discharge regulations for the Coal Mining Industry authorized by the Clean Water Act. Proposed regulations include revised best practicable technology limitations, best available technology limitations and new source performance standards for the Coal Mining Industry. Industry operations include: coal preparation and amillary operations, active mining, F bituminous, anthracite and lignite coal, and the reclamation phase of mining.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study was focused on the possibility to inactivate thermosensitive Listeria monocytogenes ATCL3C 7644 and thermoresistant 56 Ly strain by Na-Chlorophyllin (Na-Chl)-based photosensitization in vitro and on the surface of packaging. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial efficiency of photosensitization with conventional surface cleaning was performed. Data indicate that both Listeria strains, after incubation with Na-Chl and following illumination (l=400nm, 20mWcm-2), were inactivated by 7 log in vitro. This treatment cleaned both Listeria strains from packaging surfaces. Comparative analysis indicates that washing with water diminishes pathogens by less than 1 log, 200ppm Na-hypochlorite by 1.7 log, Na-Chl-based photosensitization by 4.5 log. Listeria biofilms were totally removed from...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A chemical-looping process is proposed for the clean combustion of solid fuels for electric power or heat generation. The process is based on coal gasification with CO_2 to produce CO. The CO then reduces CaSO_4, which is used as an oxygen carrier, in a separate reactor to give CaS and CO_2. A portion of the CO_2 is recycled for the gasification stage and the rest can be sent for sequestration. The CaS is sent to another reactor for oxidation with air and to generate heat or power. The overall thermal effect is the same as direct combustion, but separation of CO_2 and other pollutants, such as sulphur, is achieved. In comparison with conventional chemical-looping combustion of natural gas, much less water is present in the CO_2 product, and hence the loss of heat energy and corrosion of the fuel-reactor system can be reduced.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report identifies and analyzes the economic impacts of water pollution control regulations on the battery manufacturing industry. These regulations include effluent limitations and standards based on BPT (best practical control technology currently available), BAT (best available technology economically achievable), PSES (pretreatment standards existing sources), NSPS (new source performance standards), and PSNS (pretreatment standards new sources), that have been promulgated under authority of Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, 308, and 501 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as Amended (the Clean Water Act). The primary economic impact variables of interest include price changes, plant closures, substitution effects, changes in employment, shifts in the balance of foreign trade, changes in industry profitability, structure, and competition, and impacts on small business.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When performing trenchless pipe renovation work - whichever process you use - the success of the job depends on the careful removal of all scale, sediments and rust from the innerwall surfaces. The VACUJET process - in which the pipe is cleaned with water at pressures of up to 2 500 bar using a technique jointly developed by Preussag Rohrsanierung GmbH and Fabex GmbH - meets all requirements. The equipment includes a mobile waste water treatment unit which is small enough to fit on a standard trailer. Despite its compact dimensions this plant is so effective that it can treat all the waste water generated during the high pressure cleaning jobs so that it is suitable for reuse in the cleaning process or for release into the sewerage system. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der grabenlosen Rohrsanierung, ganz gleich nach welchem Verfahren saniert wird, ist die sorgfaeltige ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A high pressure waterjet has been used to study the surface roughening of superalloys as preparation for thermal spraying. Designed experiments for Mar-M 509 and Rene 80 were carried out for the effects of jet pressure and mass of water delivered per unit area. Comparisons were made of several superalloys in terms of erosion, surface roughness and topology. The mechanism of jet erosion of Rene 80 was studied in relation to its metallurgical microstructure. An MCrAlY coating by shrouded plasma spray was made over a waterjet prepared surface with excellent bonding and having an ideally clean interface.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes innovations in new-boiler startups, based on experiences at United Development Group`s 50-MW Niagra cogeneration facility, Niagra Falls, NY. The plant comprises: a circulating coal fluidized bed boiler supplying steam to a nearby factory and electricity to the grid. Before operation the system was flushed with demineralized water, and the boiler degreased, the steam blow relied on a new procedure involving a continuous flow of steam. Startup was then initiated, following manufacturers heatup rate and soak times closely. After startup boiler tube sections were checked, and cleaned if necessary. 1 fig.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Georgia Power`s primary boiler cleaning solvent in the past has been hydrochloric acid. Citric acid has recently been used on two boilers in an effort to move to a safer and more environmentally acceptable cleaning solvent. As with any change, there is a learning curve and the (new) cleaning process has to be proven with regard to process consistency and cleaning effectiveness. This paper describes our experiences with citric acid along with comparisons of past hydrochloric acid cleanings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The methods introduced for the field of cleaning waste water can be classified under various processes. Chemical oxidation is done with ozone, hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation with subsequent biological decomposition. Another method is ultra-filtration with recovery of valuable materials or waste water ponds with algae biomass to decompose ammonium compounds, nitrates and phosphates. (EF) [Deutsch] Die auf dem Gebiet der Abwasserreinigung vorgestellten Methoden kann man in verschiedene Verfahren einordnen. Die chemische Oxidation erfolgt mit Ozon, Wasserstoff-Peroxid, UV Bestrahlung und anschliessenden biologischen Abbau. Eine andere Methode ist die Ultrafiltration mit Rueckgewinnung von Wertstoffen oder Abwasserteiche mit Algenbiomasse zum Abbau von Ammoniumverbindungen, Nitraten und Phosphaten. (EF)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This article reviews the principal evidences about aluminum neurotoxicity in vitro, and some evidences in brain tissues of Alzheimer patients; and also show some studies realized with human that suffer renal deficiencies, dealing whit the principal osteodystrophy. The problem of analyzing low aluminum concentration in human fluids is overcome with very sensitive analytical methods as electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAS) and voltammetric methods as Anodic Striping Voltammetry with complexing agents that easing adsorption over solid electrodes or mercury hanging drops. Is a vital question to know with accuracy the aluminum concentration in water used in hemodialysis or in fluids used in ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, as a first stage to prevent contamination by aluminum. So the prevention of contamination during sapling storage and analysis of biological fluids should be the first need and the sources of water used in renal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The coke plant at the Sparrows Point Plant consist of three coke oven batteries and two coal chemical plants. The by-product coke oven gas (COG) consists primarily of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and contaminants consisting of tars, light oils (benzene, toluene, and xylene) hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, water vapor and other hydrocarbons. This raw coke oven gas needs to be cleaned of most of its contaminants before it can be used as a fuel at other operations at the Sparrows Point Plant. In response to environmental concerns, BSC decided to replace much of the existing coke oven gas treatment facilities in the two coal chemical Plants (A and B) with a group of technologies consisting of: Secondary Cooling of the Coke oven Gas; Hydrogen Sulfide Removal; Ammonia Removal; Deacification of Acid Gases Removed; Ammonia Distillation and Destruction; and, Sulfur Recovery. This combination of technologies will replace the existing ammonia ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

BIBRA "t"r"a"d"e"m"a"r"k, is the new bio-technological method developed in Gundremmingen for treating radioactive waste water, using bacteria in a process analogous to the long-established principle of communal sewage treatment plants. The method exploits the behaviour of the micro-organisms found there, to establish optimum adaptation of their population for decomposing the typical pollutants found in this washing water. This procedure is particularly suitable for nuclear engineering plants, because in such plants the waste water composition changes little so that the bacteria can achieve optimum adaptation to this waste water. The organic ingredients of the washing media are decomposed by introducing air. The advantage of the procedure is not only the significant reduction of the amount of waste material, but also enhanced efficiency of the cleaning process. The decontamination ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The generation of thermal energy is the great importance for the agribusiness of dairy industry to conservation the quality of milk, taking into account that the electricity is the main source currently used for the thermal energy input. The small agribusiness dairy industry currently practiced in Brazil faces several problems related to the cost of electricity and the distance of rural properties of networks of power. In the current scenario of Brazilian dairy production, there is need for the generation of cold for the milk cooling, and also the heat for the production of hot water around 50 deg C to 60 deg C and also for cleaning of equipment used for milk production and processing. The main objective of this study is the modeling and simulation of integrated recovery process of solid waste, effluents and bioconversion. The specific project objectives are: comparison study of options and technological routes of low cost material for power ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Water repellency en the microstructure super-hydrophobic cured surface is important for research and industrial purposes. This microstructure film can be cured on polyethylene terephthalate PET surface by electron beam (EB) at different irradiation doses 10-100 kGy. The microstructure formulation composed from hydrophobic acrylate oligomer (EB 244) and monomer (SR 440). The irradiation induced cross linking of the prepared microstructure was proved by FTIR spectroscopy and the adhesion force by abrasion test. Some factors affecting the adhesion force of the prepared microstructure film such as oligomer/monomer composition ratio and the thickness of the microstructure cured film were studied. The contact angles (8) were measured on cured surfaces before and after adding the super hydrophobic nanoparticles (Zonyl 9361). The super-hydrophobic cured surface showed the self-cleaning property. The volume of water droplet affected ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Several thin film composite nanofiltration membranes have been prepared by spin coating a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) solution on a polyethersulfone support, followed by thermal treatment. The most optimal developed nanofiltration membrane shows a clean water permeance of ~4.5Lm^-^2h^-^1bar^-^1 and a molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of ~500gmol^-^1. No irreversible changes in membrane performance have been observed after prolonged exposure (up to several weeks) of this membrane to solutions with a pH in the range 0-14. Compared to Desal-5-DK, the developed membrane displays a similar water permeance and a higher NaCl retention. In comparison to commercially available pH stable membranes, MPF-34 and NP030P, it reveals a higher water permeance. Permeance and MWCO analysis at varying p...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the early years of the INEL, the USGS conducted extensive studies (sitewide drilling program) of the geology and hydrology of the area collecting varied data over the years. The unsaturated zone has not received much attention until recently. The studies that have been done are a result of problems or concerns arising from liquid radioactive waste disposal. The TRA facility has the most information published about its waste disposal activities. The ICPP has less data about the unsaturated zone due to the fact that most waste water disposal has been to a well. Little is known about the effect of waste water disposal at the NRF on the unsaturated zone. Essentially no information was found about waste disposal activities at other facilities, primarily because there does not appear to be any reported problems associated with waste water disposal at these locations. The RWMC has received much attention in the last few ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments on aqueous TiO{sup 2} photocatalytic reaction characteristics of 4 nitrogen-containing and 12 aromatic organic compounds were carried out. Based on the values calculated for the distribution of ionic species and atomic charge, the characteristics of their photocatalytic decomposition were estimated. It was shown that the dependence of decomposition of the N-containing compounds were linearly proportional to their nitrogen atomic charge values, while that of the aromatic compounds were inversely proportional. The effects of aqueous pH, oxygen content and concentration on the TiO{sup 2} photocatalytic characteristics of EDTA-Cu(II) and EDTA-Fe(III) were experimentally investigated. All EDTA systems were decomposed better in the pH range of 2.5{approx}3.0 and with more dissolved oxygen. These results could be applied to a unit process for removal of organic impurities dissolved in a source water of the system water, and for treatment ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper provides information on activities undertaken in a non- production oriented metal finishing operation to minimize waste and conserve resources. The facility is a 6000 sq foot shop that typically only deals with prototype parts. Utilizing a plan that includes employee awareness, common sense and existing technology, a noticeable reduction in waste volume has been obtained. Initiatives that are covered include: segregation of cyanide plating solutions, elimination of copper cyanide plating, elimination of hexavalent chromium plating, elimination of vapor degreasing, changing of rinsing practices, and changing a process for cleaning of aluminum parts. Some discussion is also presented on the effectiveness of combining the technologies of physical vapor deposition and electrodeposition to help minimize waste. Plans for additional initiatives including water recycling, elimination of cyanide plating and substitution of electrodeposition ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Despite the current global economic crisis, the Cleantech industry has excellent growth prospects. Especially technologies for water treatment, energy efficiency in buildings and combined heat and power will face high demand and high growth rates in the coming years, just like the suppliers for the wind and solar industry. Today German companies are market leaders in these segments. However, there is a threat that they will lose this competitive position as international competition increases. Besides attractive incentive schemes and regulatory framework, access to venture capital and the fast expansion to international markets is an important factor to secure the leading market position of German Cleantech companies. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A typical form of change in runoff characteristics caused by the widespread use of hydroelectric power in Switzerland is the intermittent draining (torrent operation). It is the aim of the present work to help elucidate possible consequences of these changes in drain onto the benthobiocoenosis. The study was carried through on the Secklisbach at Oberrickenbach (in the semicanton of Nidwalden) and one of its side streamlets (800m above sea level). The macroinvertebrate coenosis was studied at four locations with similar conditions of drainage basin, population density and topography but varying in the degree of impairment to the draining. There were monthly benthos samples taken using a Surber sampling-device. Results show that the locations not only varied in drain, but also in temperature, this being a consequence of water storage by the power plant. The readings pointed out different values for the locations in daily average temperature, day amplitudes and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new procedure for an efficient and sparing cleaning procedure of turbines was developed. The procedure uses cleaning and passivation chemicals that solve effectively and homogeneously salt and ferrous oxide coatings from turbines, avoiding attacks from corrosion, plugging and unbalances. In several high-pressure and condensation turbines the cleaning procedure has been already put into practice. (orig.)

Wastenet

... Most of the received offers were ecolabelled cleaning products and were not more expensive than conventional products. Case 3: The procurement of sustainable cleaning services 104kB Eight cooperating municipalities in the Netherlands needed a new contractor for cleaning services. They wanted to use SPP criteria as well as finding a social employment organisation. SPP criteria for cleaning services were used to set minimum requirements in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coal demineralization mechanism and its optimum condition were studied by hydrothermal reaction between Ca(OH)2 and quartz as a coal demineralization model. In experiment, the mixture of powder quartz and Ca(OH)2 water slurry was subjected to reaction in an autoclave under spontaneous pressure at 175-340{degree}C. After dried in N2 gas atmosphere at 105{degree}C, the reaction product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, thermo-balance and differential thermal analysis. In measurement of quartz conversion, the specimen was analyzed by X-ray diffraction after removal of bound water by heat treatment at 850{degree}C. The mixture of clean coal deashed by NaOH and a fixed amount of quartz was also used as specimen for experiment. As the experimental result, dicalcium silicate hydrate was mainly produced at 175{degree}C, and the product changed into xonotlite through tobermorite by longer treatment at higher temperature. For ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Outstanding Achievement Award in Water Pollution Control' is intended to recognize the water pollution control program that best demonstrates achieving significant, lasting, and measurable excellence in water-quality improvement in preventing water-quality degradation in a region, basin, or water body. This article is about the 1991 Award. This year, WPCF honored Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant with a citation of outstanding achievement. To qualify for this honor, Hyperion has remarkably improved the quality of wastewater discharged to Santa Monica Bay since 1985. Capital programs developed by Los Angeles to achieve this rapid improvement, coined the Hyperion Improvement Program (HIP), reflect the city's commitment to protect the valuable resource of Santa Monica Bay. The HIP was conceived in 1986 to cease sludge ocean disposal by the end of 1987 and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the progress made during this reporting period of a two year project to demonstrate that the air pollution from a traveling grate stoker being used to heat water at a central heating plant in Krakow, Poland can be reduced significantly by (1) substituting the unwashed, unsized coal currently being used with a mechanically cleaned, double-sized stoker fuel and by (2) optimizing the operating parameters of the stoker. It is anticipated that these improvements will prove to be cost effective and hence be adopted by the other central heating plants in Krakow and indeed, throughout Eastern European cities where coal continues to be the primary source of fuel. EFH Coal Company has formed a partnership with two Polish institutions -- MPEC, a central heating company in Krakow, and Naftokrak-Naftobudowa, preparation plant designers and fabricators, for the execution of this effort. The washability data from a 20mm x 0.5mm size ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An initial review was conducted of the current treatment operations for remediation of groundwater contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) at the Fort lewis Logistics Center. Results from this review indicate the two pump-and-treat systems are effectively containing the TCE plume within the upper unconfined aquifer (Vashon Drift). However, mass balance calculations show the existing treatment systems alone will not accomplish the remedial action objective of cleaning up the aquifer to drinking water standards within 30 years as specified in the Record of Decision (ROD). This conclusion is based on the estimated mass of TCE at the source term (51,000 kg), the calculated mass of TCE in the aquifer (4,900 kg), and the removal rate of the pump-and-treat systems that currently ranges from 324 to 667 kg of TCe per year. Four areas within the TCE plume have been identified where enhancements could be made to the existing treatment operations. These ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the last decade, interest has increased in coastal and freshwater wetland restoration and creation at all levels of government, in the scientific community, and in the private sector. US Environmental Protection Agency personnel agreed that there was a pressing need to determine how well created and restored wetlands compensate for losses permitted under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. An effort was made to capture information not published elsewhere and incorporate it with published literature to produce a unique resource. The status report is the first major publication resulting from research initiated on wetland creation and restoration. Conceived as a mechanism for identifying the adequacy of the available information, this status report will help set priorities for the research program and provide Agency personnel with an analytical framework for making Section 404 permit decisions based on the status of the science of wetland ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In nuclear power plant Paks, Hungary, alkaline oxidative (NaOH, KMnO_4, H_2O) and acidic reductive (citric- and oxalic acid, water) liquids are using for the decontamination of primary circuit equipment (main liquid circulating pumps, steam generators, pipelines etc). The above mentioned decontamination liquids are containing "1"1"0"mAg, "9"5Nb, "5"4Mn, "5"8 Co, "6"0Co, "5"1 Cr, "1"2"4 Sb radioisotopes, summarized radioactivity is between 10"3-8x10"4 kBq/dm"3 liquid. The decontamination liquid can be cleaned with reactive adsorption (active carbon) and ion-exchange process at elevated temperature (333-368 K) in multilayered columns. After purification the summarized radioactivity for "5"4Mn, "6"0Co, and "1"1"0"mAg are in the outlet liquid below 1 kBq/dm"3. Decontamination factor DF#approx =#10"3-10"4, volumetric reduction factor VRF#approx =#50-500.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natural resource valuation has always had a fundamental role in the practice of cost-benefit analysis of health, safety, and environmental issues. Today, this role is becoming all the more apparent in the conduct of natural resource damage assessments (NRDA) and cost-benefit analyses of environmental restoration (ER) and waste management (WM) activities. As such, environmental professionals are more interested in how natural resource values are affected by ER and WM activities. This professional interest extends to the use of NRDA values as measures of liability and legal causes of action under such environmental status as the Clean Water Act (CWA); the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA, as amended); and the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) of 1990. Also, environmental professionals are paying closer attention to NRDA values in cost-benefit analyses of risk and pollution-abatement standards, and in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The EMP consists of a Compliance Monitoring Sampling Program and a Supplemental monitoring Sampling Program. The Compliance Monitoring Sampling Program will be conducted during a summer and a winter Baseline periods during the Pre-Construction/Construction phases of the Project and during a summer and a winter period following the successful Startup and Operational phase of the completed Project. compliance monitoring consist of conducting all the sampling and observation programs associated with existing required Federal, State, and Local Regulations, Permits and Orders. These include air, water, and waste monitoring and OSHA and NESHAP monitoring. The Supplemental Monitoring Program will also be conducted during a summer and a winter Baseline periods during the Pre-Construction/Construction phases of the Demonstration Facility and during a summer and a winter period following the successful startup and Operational phase of the completed Facility. Supplemental ...

Science.gov (United States)

Persistently high concentrations of carbon monoxide and low-altitude ozone in the air of the Nation's major urban centers led Congress in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments to mandate changes to the composition of gasoline and diesel fuel. Those gasoline c...

Science.gov (United States)

The manual describes a combined coal-cleaning and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) computerized design and cost-estimate model and gives detailed procedures for using it. All inputs and outputs are described, as well as the various options available. Design and economic premises ar...

Science.gov (United States)

Fact sheet describes the goals, strategies, and top accomplishments of the Clean Cities program.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Safety Institute, GRS, Cologne (Germany) INIS-UA--089 456 p. APPLIED LIFE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report describes the following: overview of the Russian power industry; electric power equipment of Russia; power industry development forecast for Russia; clean coal technology demonstration program of the US Department of Energy; reduction of coal TPS (thermal power station) environmental impacts in Russia; and base options of advanced coal thermal power plants. Terms of the application of clean coal technology at Russian TPS are discussed in the Conclusions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The precipitation of heavy metals as hydroxides is the standard technique for the decontamination of waste water streams polluted by these elements. On the other side, progress in research has been made concerning the biosorption onto dead biomass and bioprecipitation supported by physiologically active bacteria. As the aim of this study, a flexible strategy has been envisaged cleaning a waste water with definite heavy metal load underlying the process mentioned above. Suitable bacteria were enriched and the process was tested in a technical plant. As result, a very high efficiency of heavy metal elimination has been found. The field of application covered by the acquired process is identical with the whole range of the waste water streams polluted by heavy metals. In addition, a second stage may be necessary if there are any further contaminants to be removed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der Reinigung von ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Development of a comprehensive and effective global clean technology cooperation framework will require years of experimenting and evaluation with new instruments and institutional arrangements before it is clear what works on which scale and in which region or country. In presenting concrete examples, this paper aims to set the first step in that process by highlighting successful models and innovative approaches that can inform efforts to ramp up clean energy technology cooperation. This paper reviews current mechanisms and international frameworks for global cooperation on clean energy technologies, both within and outside of the UNFCCC, and provides selected concrete options for scaling up global cooperation on clean energy technology RD&D, enabling environment, and financing.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Protecting Earth and planets against the invasion of 'alien life forms' is not military science fiction, but it is the peaceful daily job of engineers and scientists of space agencies. 'Planetary Protection' is preventing microbial contamination of both the target planet and the Earth when sending robots on interplanetary space mission. It is important to preserve the 'natural' conditions of other planets and to not bring with robots 'earthly microbes' (forward contamination) when looking for 'spores of extra terrestrial life'. The Earth and its biosphere must be protected from potential extraterrestrial biological contamination when returning samples of other planets to the Earth (backward contamination). The NASA-Caltech Laboratory for Planetary Protection of Dr. Kasthuri Venkateswaran at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) (California, USA) routinely monitors and characterizes the microbes of NASA spacecraft assembly rooms and space robots prior to flight. They have repeatedly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The procedure for field corrosion tests in sea water is decribed in DIN 50 917, Part II. Distinction is made thereby between long-term undisturbed test specimens, which remain at the exposure site up to the time of sampling, and disturbed test specimens, which are cleaned at certain time intervals for intermediate examination and subsequently exposed again. The comparability of results obtained with the two different types of test was to be investigated at the Helgoland test installation. At an exposure period of up to four years, undisturbed specimens of unalloyed and low-alloy steel grades feature considerably lower corrosion losses than disturbed specimens. At a longer exposure period of up to seven years, the corrosion rate can increase substantially again with the exposure time. This can be attributed to sulphate reduction in the anaerobic zone under the top coating. An effect of the alloying elements is also possible. With good and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method for cleaning timing optimization in a parallel steam generator system is described. The method is based on the minimization of a suitable objective function, and takes into account the load allocation on steam generators. In order to establish appropriate fouling growth models the mechanism of the particle deposition and removal on heat transfer surfaces is analyzed. The objective function is related to the short time management costs which are based on depreciation of steam generators, fuel costs and the costs of cleaning interventions. The optimization problem is described; a direct one level method is compared with a two level method. Some applications and their results are reported and discussed. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

... keyboards, door knobs and counter tops, such surfaces should be cleaned with common household disinfectants regularly and after increased crowd contact. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of China Lake Naval Weapons Center, California. ... Figure 4: The Space-Based Laser cleaning ... of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Space 2001 ...

Science.gov (United States)

Aug 6, 2009 ... be cleaned with common household disinfectants regularly and after increased crowd contact. Marshall's Emergency Operations Center and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (NPR-3), also known as Teapot Dome, is a government-owned oil field in Natrona County, Wyoming. It is an asymmetrical anticline located on the western edge of the Powder River Basin, just south of the Salt Creek Anticline. Production started in 1922, and today the field is a marginally economic stripper field with average production of less than 3 BOPD (0.5 m{sup 3}/D) per well. Total field production is about 1,800 BOPD (286 m{sup 3}/D). The Second Wall Creek Formation was waterflooded from 1979 until June 1992 with poor results due to the extensive natural fracture system in this sandstone unit. Since water injection ceased, reservoir pressure has declined to very low levels. Liquids extraction and reinjection of the gas produced from high-GOR wells along the gas-oil contact continues, but the average gas cap pressure has fallen to approximately 150 psi (1.03 MPa) from an original pressure of 1,120 psi (7.72 MPa). Since the oil is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Waste management, like many other issues, has experienced major milestones. In 1971, the Calvert Cliff's decision resulted in an entirely different approach to the consideration of environmental impact analysis in reactor siting. The accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl have had profound effects on nuclear power plant design. The high-level waste repository program has had many similar experiences that have modified the course of events. The management of radioactive, hazardous chemical and mixed waste in all of the facilities of the Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) Office of the Department of Energy (DOE) took on an entirely different meaning in 1984. On April 13, 1984, Federal Judge Robert Taylor said that DOE should proceed 'with all deliberate speed' to bring the Y-12 plant into compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Clean Water Act. This decision resulted from a suit brought by the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The impacts of federal projects on wetlands should be included in documents prepared to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). NEPA assessments of impacts on wetlands are often related to requirements of other laws, regulations, and executive orders, such as permitting requirements under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and those contained in Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands. This paper reviews recent NEPA environmental impact statements that contained assessments of impacts on wetlands or that involved projects likely to affect wetlands. It covers documents prepared by several federal agencies, including the Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Energy, Federal Highway Administration, Soil Conservation Service, and Tennessee Valley Authority. The extent and depth of analyses of wetlands issues was found to be highly variable, both within and among agencies. Most analyses did not provide adequate geographical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article described a full-scale green renovation project undertaken by a construction management firm in Newton, Massachusetts. Chapman Construction and Design began renovating its own office building in late 2007 and completed it in September 2008. The firm set out to achieve LEED Platinum certification from the United States Green Building Council. The project involved energy saving modifications to its mechanical systems; replacing plumbing fixtures with high efficiency alternatives to reduce water consumption by at least 40 per cent; installing skylights and additional windows to allow more natural light into the interior space; salvaging doors, lighting, metal studs and masonry whenever possible; and using sustainable products such as recyclable carpets, tiles and low-VOC paint. The main feature of the renovation was a new 47 kW (DC) photovoltaic (PV) solar power array installed on the rooftop. The PV array includes 208 panels and a SunPower SPR-225 system ...

Science.gov (United States)

Programs & Services Technical Resources Land Use Soils Water Snow Survey & Water Supply Water Management Water Quality Watersheds Wetlands Air Plants & Animals Energy Climate...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mechanism of chemical poisoning of model heterogeneously catalyzed reactions on transition metal surfaces is studied. Clean Mo(001) surfaces were characterized; results suggest a first-layer contraction of 10% of the bulk interlayer spacing. Characterization of clean Co(0001) surfaces is underway. Decomposition of formic acid on Mo(001) surfaces is being studied. (DLC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for the ``Engineering Design and Analysis of Advanced Physical Fine Coal Cleaning Technologies: The major goal is to provide the simulation tools for modeling both conventional and advanced coal cleaning technologies. This DOE project is part of a major research initiative by the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) aimed at advancing three advanced coal cleaning technologies-heavy-liquid cycloning, selective agglomeration, and advanced froth flotation through the proof-of-concept (POC) level. The commercially available ASPEN PLUS process simulation package will be extended to handle coal cleaning applications. Algorithms for predicting the process performance, equipment size, and flowsheet economics of commercial coal cleaning devices and related ancillary equipment will be incorporated into the coal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bethlehem Steel Corporation (BSC), in conjunction with the Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting a Clean Coal Technology (CCT) project at its Sparrows Point, Maryland Coke Oven Plant. This innovative coke oven gas cleaning system combines several existing technologies into an integrated system for removing impurities from Coke Oven Gas (COG) to make it an acceptable fuel. DOE provided cost-sharing under a Cooperative Agreement with BSC. This Cooperative Agreement requires BSC to develop and conduct and Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Clean Coal Technology project and to report the status of the EMP on a quarterly basis. It also requires the preparation of a final report on the results of the Baseline Compliance and Supplemental Sampling Programs that are part of the EMP and which were conducted prior to the startup of the innovative coke oven gas cleaning system. This report is the Baseline ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The removal of paraffinic bottom accumulations from refinery storage tanks represents an increasingly costly area of petroleum storage management. Microorganisms can be used to reduce paraffinic bottoms by increasing the solubility of bottom material and by increasing the wax-carrying capacity of carrier oil used in the cleaning process. The economic savings of such treatments are considerable. The process is also intrinsically safer than alternative methods, as it reduces and even eliminates the need for personnel to enter the tank during the cleaning process. Both laboratory and field sample analyses can be used to document changes in tank material during the treatment process. These changes include increases in volatile content and changes in wax distribution. Several case histories illustrating these physical and chemical changes are presented along with the economics of treatment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A highly effective and economical apparatus was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Energy and Nonferrous Metallurgy for cleaning waste gases from cupola and electric arc steel melting furnaces --- the ''Ural'' rotoclone, which has been successfully introduced in many enterprises. Research results are presented for the efficiency of operation of these aggregates on equipping them on cupola and electric furnaces. With a 2 kPa aerodynamic resistance of the rotoclone the flue gas of the cupola furnace is cleaned to the sanitary standard. Highly effective collection of sublimates and aerosols from the electric arc furnace takes place with a ''Ural'' rotoclone aerodynamic resistance

Science.gov (United States)

for? Learn the Issues Science & Technology Laws & Regulations About EPA Contact Us Water: Water Quality Criteria You are here: Water Science & Technology Surface Water Standards &...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... hydrology norway water pollution pollution scandinavia surface waters

Science.gov (United States)

In this study the technical and economical possibilities of burning carbon monoxide (CO) of the flue gas and utilizing of the released heat in hot air cupola furnace used for melting have been studied. As basis for examining was burning of cleaned furnace...

Science.gov (United States)

retirement of the Dean H. Mitchell Station Installation of three new flue gas desulfurization systems (FGD) at Schahfer 14, Schahfer 15, and Michigan City 12 Upgrades to...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cleaning and disinfection of open surfaces in food industry premises leave some microorganisms behind; these microorganisms build up a resident flora on the surfaces. Our goal was to explore the phenomena...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

/Stabilization Nov 16: NARPM Presents...In Situ Sediment Remediation Using Benthic Waterjet Amendment Placement Nov 17: Use of Risk Assessment in Management of Contaminated...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The main compositions of iron-base amorphous self-fluxing alloy powders of 150 mesh, used in this work, are Fe, Cr, Ni, W, Mo, B, Si and C. The ranges of each element in at% are (65-70)Fe, (3-5)Cr, (2-4)Ni, (2-4)W, (1-2)Mo, (10-14)B, (4-7)Si and (2-3)C. The atomic ratio of metal-metalloid is about 80:20, so this alloy is abbreviated as M_8_0X_2_0. The material on which coatings were deposited is 1020 steel, austenitized for 1h at 880 C, water quenched, and tempered at 180 C for 1h. This heat treatment resulted in a low carbon martensite structure with a hardness of HRC35-45. After cleaning, shot blasting and preheating the steel to about 200 C, the authors sprayed a thin Ni-Al alloy layer of about 0.1--0.15mm in thickness onto the specimen by means of an oxygen-acetylene torch to provide better bonding of the coating with substrate. Then the M_8_0X_2_0 and M_8_0X_2_0+8%CeO_2 alloy coatings were sprayed to a thickness of about 0.6--0.8mm. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the five plus years this Cooperative Agreement existed, more than 45 different projects were funded. Most projects were funded for a one year period but there were some, deemed of such quality and importance, funded for multiple years. Approximately 22 external agencies, businesses, and other entities have cooperated with or been funded through the WVU Cooperative Agreement over the five plus years. These external entities received 33% of the funding by this Agreement. The scope of this Agreement encompassed all forms of hazardous waste remediation including radioactive, organic, and inorganic contaminants. All matrices were of interest; generally soil, water, and contaminated structures. Economic, health, and regulatory aspects of technologies were also within the scope of the agreement. The highest priority was given to small businesses funded by the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) and Department of Energy (DOE) involved in research and development ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Passage of neon gas through activated charcoal is planned to be the primary method of removing impurities from the liquid neon scintillator in the CLEAN experiment. In order to quantify this technique, the breakout curves for hydrogen, nitrogen, argon and krypton impurities in neon-saturated activated charcoal were measured. Adsorption coefficients and the number of theoretical stages were measured for hydrogen in the temperature range between 300 and 80 K, nitrogen between 300 and 200 K, and argon between 300 and 190 K. The adsorption coefficient for krypton was measured at 300 K.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ash fallout from the Mount Saint Helens eruptions affected high-voltage transmission in a four-state area as volatile gases caused conductivity changes and corrosion. The Bonneville Power Authority (BPA) found that it was possible to maintain electric service except for a few short, localized outages. Cleaning ash from transformers and substations was the first priority. Tests were underway within 48 hours to determine ash characteristics and cleaning procedures. A summary to what happened and what was learned is presented in two lists. (DCK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Air pollution abatement measures are being intensified at the moment: Power plants and district heating systems are being retrofitted with high-efficiency desulphurisation and NO/sub 2/ reduction systems, the 3rd amendment of the Clean Air Technical Guide sets more rigid emission limits, and unleaded petrol and catalysts will significantly reduce car exhaust emissions. The author presents pollutant balances from 1966 to 1982 to contradict the popular notion that pollutant emitters formerly failed to take preventive measures.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Volume 2 of the water resources data for the 1992 water year for Oklahoma consists of record of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes or reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water well. The report contains discharge records for 136 gaging stations; stage and contents for 31 lakes or reservoirs; water quality for 50 gaging stations. Also included are 61 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations and 28 ground-water sites.

Science.gov (United States)

Hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) is a promising technology for the treatment of aqueous-fluid hazardous and mixed waste streams. Waste streams identified as likely candidates for treatment by this technology are primarily aqueous fluids containing hazardous organic compounds, and often containing inorganic compounds including radioisotopes (mixed wastes). These wastes are difficult and expensive to treat by conventional technologies (e.g. incineration) due to their high water content; in addition, incineration can lead to concerns related to stack releases. An especially attractive potential advantage of HTO over conventional treatment methods is the total containment of all reaction products within the overall system. The potential application of hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) technology for the treatment of DOE hazardous or mixed wastes has been uncertain due to concerns about safe and efficient operation of the technology. In principle, aqueous DOE wastes, including ...

Science.gov (United States)

We examined whether perceived susceptibility to and severity of two injection-related health conditions (i.e., non-fatal overdose and bacterial infections), and perceived benefits of, barriers to, self-efficacy to, social acceptance of, and recent use of two harm-reduction behaviors (i.e., injecting test shots and pre-injection skin cleaning), predicted injecting drug users' near-term intentions to engage in these two strategies. Recent past use of these two behaviors consistently and positively predicted near-term intentions in each of four drug-use situations (i.e., in withdrawal, not in withdrawal, alone, and with others). Perceived susceptibility to non-fatal overdose predicted intentions to do test shots, but only when participants imagined not being in withdrawal or injecting when alone. Perceived self-efficacy to clean one's skin predicted intentions to engage in this behavior, but only when participants imagined injecting while not in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Water-resources data for the 1991 water year for Minnesota consist of records of stage, discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. The volume contains discharge records for 60 gaging stations; stage and contents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 18 stream stations, 1 lake station, 22 partial-record sites, 1 precipitation station, 108 wells; and water levels for 119 observation wells. Also included are 59 high-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements or low-flow investigations.

Science.gov (United States)

swimmers in or around the water. Designate a responsible adult who can swim and knows CPR to watch swimmers in or around water. The supervisor should not be involved in any...

Science.gov (United States)

Although remarkable progress has been made in developing technologies for the clean and efficient utilization of coal, the biggest challenge in the utilization of coal is still the protection of the environment. Specifically, electric utilities face increasingly stringent restriction on the emissions of NO{sub x} and SO{sub x}, new mercury emission standards, and mounting pressure for the mitigation of CO{sub 2} emissions, an environmental challenge that is greater than any they have previously faced. The Utah Clean Coal Program addressed issues related to innovations for existing power plants including retrofit technologies for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) or green field plants with CCS. The Program focused on the following areas: simulation, mercury control, oxycoal combustion, gasification, sequestration, chemical looping combustion, materials investigations and student research experiences. The goal of this program was to begin to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The future e"+e"- linear colliders can also operate in the e#gamma# or #gamma##gamma# modes. In the context of the top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) model, we study the single charged top-pion production process #gamma##gamma# #-># tb-bar#PI#_t"-. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of tens fb with reasonable parameter values. So one can expect that enough signals could be produced in future high-energy linear collider experiments. Furthermore, the flavor-changing (FC) decay mode #PI#_t"- #-># bc-bar is the best channel to detect the charged top pion due to the clean standard model background. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top pion should be observable at future linear colliders operating in #gamma##gamma# mode at the TeV energy scale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This is a process for the manufacture of a filter material for cleaning industrial or internal combustion engine exhaust gases and filter material manufactured according to the process. The filter material is manufactured from the mineralized combustion product of peel of tropical fruits burnt at a temperature of 820/sup 0/C to 840/sup 0/C in an oxidising atmosphere excluding the production of carbon, particularly using banana skins and orange peels, which product is granulated with carrier materials or compressed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The objective of this work was to compare seasonal variations of reproduction physiology of the ragworm Nereis diversicolor -a key species in estuarine ecosystems-originating from a clean (Authie) and multi-polluted (Seine) estuaries. A particular attention was carried out in female worms, on relationships between sexual maturity stages, energy reserves (glycogen and lipids) and steroid hormone levels (progesterone, 17b-estradiol, and testosterone). Sexual maturity index (SMI), energy reserves and steroid hormones are clearly influenced by season in worms from both sites. Depleted steroid hormone levels were depicted in specimens exhibiting high sexual maturity stage and energy reserves. Intersite analysis has revealed all over the sampling period:-a sexual precocity in worms from Seine,-g...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the ever-increasing demand for electric power in India, the production of steam (non-coking) coal will continuously increase. Since most Indian coals contain high ash-forming minerals which result in the increased costs of transportation, boiler maintenance and refuse handling, the use of pre-combustion washing becomes a viable concept. However, many professionals in the Indian mining industry have debated on which of the many benefication techniques is the most appropriate for the pre-combustion cleaning. Through the comprehensive study presented herein, it is found that heavy media separation is more suitable than the jig process for most of the Indian coals. A discussion and flowsheet for the state-of-the-art plant design called the High Capacity Processor (HCP) using advanced coal cleaning techniques are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electrostatic beneficiation of dry coal has received significant attention in the last decade. In this process the coal is ground and then charged, either by corona charging or by triboelectrification (friction charging). Coal and minerals receive different levels of charge -- often opposite polarities in the case of triboelectrification -- and can then be separated based on differences in electrical mobility. Problems associated with the techniques include rapid deposition of particles on the electrodes, thus, effecting further separation. The goal of this project is to optimize the electrostatic coal cleaning process to remove pyrites and inorganic materials through studies of the electrostatic properties of powdered coal, in-situ measurements of the electrodynamics of coal and mineral particles inside the separator, and development of self-cleaning collector plates for continuous separation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses the work done on EPRI program S149-1. In this program the feasibility of cleaning steam generators off line with organic chelants as a means of arresting denting corrosion was investigated. The rationale behind this program is to make use of those periods during which nuclear steam generators are in cold shutdown or wet layup to carry out a low-temperature soak with a combined chelant-inhibitor solution in order to dissolve some of the magnetite which has built up in crevices and to concomitantly remove entrained corrodents such as chloride ion. It was hoped that these soaks would be effective in reducing carbon steel support plate corrosion which produces tube denting.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is a joint Department of Energy/Industry sponsored engineering-scale facility for testing advanced coal-based power generation technologies. High temperature, high pressure gas cleaning is critical to many of these advanced technologies. Barrier filter elements that can operate continuously for nearly 9000 hours are required for a successful gas cleaning system for use in commercial power generation. Since late 1999, the Kellogg Brown & Root Transport reactor at the PSDF has been operated in gasification mode. This paper describes the test results for filter elements operating in the Siemens-Westinghouse particle collection device (PCD) with the Transport reactor in gasification mode. Operating conditions in the PCD have varied during gasification operation as described elsewhere in these proceedings (Martin et al, 2002).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Turbidimetric method for determining sulfite in inhibited ethylene glycol-water solutions

Science.gov (United States)

water and of the ethylene glycol-water solutions are shown as functions of temperature in figures 4 and 5, respectively. (data from reference 4). ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the United States, economic growth increasingly requires that greater volumes of freshwater be made available for new users, yet supplies of freshwater are already allocated to existing users. Currently, water for new users is made available through re-allocation of xisting water supplies-for example, by cities purchasing agricultural water rights. Water may also be made available through conservation efforts and, in some locales, through the development of ''new'' water from non-traditional sources such as the oceans, deep aquifer rackish groundwater, and water reuse.

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Combustible cartridge cases, *Water repellents, *Protective coatings, *Patents, Silica gel, Aluminum compounds, Binders ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The water and steam circuits of steam generators in pressurized-water nuclear power plants are described together with the mechanism of denting, and the corrosion of spacer plates that leads to cracks in tubes by constriction. The different chemical specifications applicable to the water of the secondary circuit of the generators in normal operation and on first commissioning are listed. The results obtained and the measurements of chemical values taken in operation on the water in the secondary circuits of steam generators at Fessenheim and Bugey are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inorganic acids are commonly used for surface cleaning and finishing of metals. The acids become unuseable due to contamination with metals or diluted and weakened. Diffusion dialysis has become a way to recover the useable acid and allow separation of the metals for recovery and sale to refineries. This technique is made possible by the use of membranes that are strong enough to withstand low ph and have long service life.

Wastenet

... Carbon capture and storage Waste Prevention and Recycling EU clean air strategy Environmental liability: Applying the 'polluter pays' principle What goes around ...comes around: Recycling and climate change Behind closed doors: Air quality in buildings Keeping cool with refrigerants: The F-gas review Regions fighting climate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Room air quality and thus thermal comfort for the occupiers in closed spaces depend on several factors: temperature and humidity of the air, temperature of the surrounding surfaces, content of foreign matter of the air, acoustical perceptions, electric fields and ions as well as colours and light. Air humidification, cleaning and ionization largely contributes to improved room air quality. The article goes into problems of too dry and polluted air as well as into measures with which these problems can be solved. (BWI).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Requirements and guidelines are provided for the control of activities to be exercised during procurement of items and services which affect the quality of nuclear facilities. These requirements and guidelines apply to procurement activities for items and services such as designing, purchasing, fabricating, handling, shipping, storing, cleaning, constructing, erecting, installing, inspecting, texting, maintaining and modifying.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vietnam is beginning its industrialization process, and it currently lacks the capital necessary for expensive pollution control and treatment systems. Pollution strategies are critical for the country. This study evaluates the present status of industry and the pollution problems associated with industrial development in Vietnam. The purpose of the study is to identify sectors that may have potential for promoting cleaner production practices. 4 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As oil supplies diminish, Britain will have to rely more and more on coal as one of the energy alternatives. To burn coal cleanly and efficiently coal will have to be converted into gas and liquid fuels to replace natural gas and oil. The research and development programme of the National Coal Board is directed towards meeting these new challenges. This paper outlines some of the Coal Board's current projects in the fields of industrial combustion, power generation, domestic combustion, coal gasification and coal liquefaction. 10 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This work presents and describes the natural radioactive occurrence in oil facilities. The origins of the detected radioactivity and the reasons of its settlement are discussed. The measurements results carried out in oil facilities in the Neuquina basin (Argentine) are shown in this work. The aim is to describe the actual situation and to evaluate the magnitude of the problem. Finally, recommendations are proposed to protect the health of the workers, especially of those who carry out the cleaning of the equipment, and to guarantee an appropriate final disposal for the generated radioactive residuals. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In developing countries with rapidly growing economies, energy consumption will more than triple by 2030. This will require more than 8 trillion euros in investments in energy in these countries. The way these investments are made will be crucial in determining whether greenhouse gas emissions will rise proportionately. By creating a worldwide, lucrative market for clean technologies, countries can use the money they set aside for fighting climate change to stimulate large-scale private investment in clean energy production and efficient energy consumption. A well-functioning market ensures that money is invested where it will be the most cost-effective and will have the greatest impact in helping to solve a generally recognised problem. This also means making sure that innovations get to the market, so as to take advantage of economies of scale. The conference on 16 and 17 October 2006 in Amsterdam was the official start of the collaboration ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two different reverse osmosis systems were investigated. The first was a 50-element plant-scale system that is used to treat 2200 m"3 of AECL liquid radwastes annually.It uses thin-film composite (TFC) membranes and operates at an applied pressure of 2760 kPa, with a fixed crossflow of about 40 L/min. The other system uses the same thin-film composite membranes for waste processing but is a two-element pilot-scale system. It is operated at pressures m ranging between 1500 and 7000 kPa, at a fixed crossflow of 55 L/min. The average lifetime of the thin-film composite membranes in the plant-scale processing application at AECL is about 3000 h. After this service life has expired the rejection efficiency declines rapidly from 99.5% to about 95% as the membranes become impaired from chemical cleaning procedures that are required after each 100 m"3 of waste is treated. The permeation flux for the plant-scale system decreases from about 2.2 L/min/element to below 0.5 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This ISB in conjunction with the new TSRs, will provide the required basis for interim operation or restrictions on interim operations and administrative controls for the Facility until a SAR is prepared in accordance with the new requirements. It is concluded that the risk associated with the current operational mode of the Facility, uranium closure, clean up, and transition activities required for permanent closure, are within Risk Acceptance Guidelines. The Facility is classified as a Moderate Hazard Facility because of the potential for an unmitigated fire associated with the uranium storage buildings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 1991/1992, VEAG decided to convert its 500 MW plants at Jaenschwalde and Boxberg to the latest state of technology. This even included the discharge of the cleaned flue gas through the existing cooling towers. The site of the flue gas desulphurization plant and also the existing cooling tower shells required routeing of the clean gas lines similar to the routes in the existing plants of RWE. The positive experience accrued with the pipework material `glass-fibre reinforced vinyl ester resin` has also led to the selection of this material here. The universally positive experience gained from existing clean gas lines via cooling towers by very different power station operators induced VEAG and its partners also to equip new construction operations in the new Federal states with this technology. (orig.) [Deutsch] In den Jahren 1991/1992 entschloss sich die VEAG, ihre 500-MW-Anlagen Jaenschwalde und Boxberg auf den neuesten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Space HVAC systems are to provide hygienical room air. Air change is necessary because of pollutants released from materials or production processes but also because of the presence of humans or animals who consume oxygen. Poor room climate and/or poor air hygiene do not only reduce the felt comfort but may also result in a loss or profitability and higher sickness rates. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This guide is one of the actions following from the recommendations of the Thermie B project that aimed to support the development of a new European Integrated Clean Coal (CCT) Program concept (STR - 1121 - 96), November 1998. The concept aimed to enhance the market deployment of EU CCTs. This guide is prepared for EU industry to help them finding support for their CCT exports to the target markets. The guide will include easy accessible information on the most relevant EC-programs and is intended as a practical tool for EU CCT industry, to assist them in identifying and selecting the export support and programs best able to support their specific export assistance. The guide is a manual (signpost) through the 'jungle of assistance' and therefore does not include extensive information on application procedures, since this kind of information can be easily obtained, once the relevant program is identified. Also information will be presented on EU ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The combustion/emissions control island of the CFTCC plant produces cleaned coal combustion gases for expansion in the gas turbine. The gases are cleaned to protect the turbine from flow-path degeneration due to coal contaminants and to reduce environmental emissions to comparable or lower levels than alternate clean coal power plant tedmologies. An advantage of the CFTCC system over other clean coal technologies using gas turbines results from the CFTCC system having been designed as an adaptation to coal of a natural gas-fired combined cycle plant. Gas turbines are built for compactness and simplicity. The RQL combustor is designed using gas turbine combustion technology rather than process plant reactor technology used in other pressurized coal systems. The result is simpler and more compact combustion equipment than for alternate technologies. The natural effect is lower cost and improved ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A historical overview of corrosion problems found in power plant condensers and mitigation procedures is presented. The paper is organized according to alloy type and failure mode. Alloys considered are copper-base alloys, stainless steels and titanium. Failure modes discussed include erosion-corrosion, sulfide attack, environmentally assisted cracking, galvanic corrosion, steam condensate corrosion, pitting corrosion, and dealloying. Mitigation procedures discussed include cathodic protection, ferrous ion injection, as well as tube cleaning and layup practices.

Science.gov (United States)

In addition to an executive summary and glossary, the following sections are included: Clean Boiler Fuel Demonstration Plant; Development of Coal Feeders for Coal Gasification Operations; Development of a Continuous Dry Coal Screw Feeder; Coal Feeder Development Program; Engineering and Technical Support; and Technical Assistance Services. (EJH)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spark ignition internal combustion engines perform satisfactorily when the fueled with biomass producer gas from a fluidized bed gasifier. Although power output is reduced compared to natural gas levels, full power recovery can be achieved with a relatively low level of supercharging. Important considerations are an adequate fuel delivery system and adquate gas cleaning. ref.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A string sieve is proposed which includes a frame, a sifting surface made of string, a device for attaching the strings made in the form of rollers installed in staggered order and a tensing device attached to traverses. To improve the effectiveness of sifting by self cleaning of the sifting surface during operation, the rollers are installed on the traverses by means of a unit of hinges, whose elastic elements are made with varying rigidity.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Water-resources data for the 1993 water year for Texas are presented in four volumes, and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; and stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3 contains records for water discharge at 134 gaging stations; stage only at 1 gaging stations; stage and contents at 13 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 81 gaging stations; and data for 30 partial-record and 4 flood-hydrograph partial-record stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations; crest-stage and flood-hydrograph partial-record stations, reconnaissance ...

Wastenet

...Species - see CITES Trade of Dangerous Chemicals Transport and Environment U Urban Environment Use of natural resources V Volatile Organic Compounds W Waste Landfills Waste electrical and electronic equipment - see WEEE Waste incineration Waste legislation - reporting Waste management planning Waste oils Waste shipments Waste water - see Urban waste water Water Bathing Water Drinking water Floods Marine environment Urban waste water Water Framework Directive WEEE - Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Wildlife ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This procedure describes the formulation and make-up of Simulated Dilute Water (SOW), a low-ionic-content water to be used for Activity E-20-50, Long-Term Corrosion Studies. This water has an ionic content which is nominally a factor of ten higher than that of representative waters at or near Yucca Mountain. Representative waters were chosen as J-13 well water [Harrar, 1990] and perched water at Yucca Mountain [Glassley, 1996]. J-13 well water is obtained from ground water that is in contact with the Topopah Spring tuff, which is the repository horizon rock. The perched water is located in the Topopah Spring tuff, but below the repository horizon and above the water table. A nominal times ten higher ionic content was chosen to simulate the effect of ionic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The research committee of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan on water chemistry standard aims at establishing the private standard of water chemistry of nuclear power plants. The committee gathers up 'BWR water chemistry management manual', 'PWR primary system water chemistry management manual' and 'PWR water chemical analysis standard method', and furthermore aims at the standardization of those in future. Looking back on the committee's activities for the past four years, latest results of research of water chemistry mainly contributing to safe and reliable nuclear power plants were described with the future perspective of water chemistry and a demanded break-through. (T.T.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In equipment industries, the equipments handling industrial water and pure water are numerous. In power generation including nuclear power generation, water serves as a working medium. Review is made on the experiences in the corrosion of iron and nickel base alloys in high temperature, high pressure water and the results of researches derived from them. Under high temperature and high pressure, carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and high nickel alloy cause corrosion even in pure water. But in the case of serious corrosion, chlorine, oxygen, alkali and others in water take part. The following matters are described: corrosion by steam; stress corrosion cracking in pure water; corrosion by impurities in high temperature, high pressure pure water, i.e. chlorine ions, dissolved oxygen, and alkali; corrosion under ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a novel domestic hot water heater model to be used in a multi-objective demand side management program. The model incorporates both the thermal losses and the water usage to determine the temperature of the water in the tank. Water heater loads are extracted from household load data and then used to determine the household water usage patterns. The benefits of the model are: (1) the on/off state of the water heater and temperature of the water in the tank can be accurately predicted, and (2) it enables the development of water usage profiles so that users can be classified based on usage behaviour. As a result, the amount of ancillary services and peak shaving that can be achieved are accurately predictable and can be maximized without adversely affecting users. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Indicators of source water use in different economic branches, water consumption in recycling and recycling-successive water supply in 1980?2006 are analyzed. Trends were identified in variations in specific water consumption in industry, agriculture, and municipal economy. Territorial differentiation of wetness indicators of regional product over federal districts and constituent territories of the RF is shown. Wetness values of gross domestic product in different economies are compared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background Microbial water-quality indicators, in high concentrations in sewage, are used to determine whether water is safe for recreational purposes. Recently, the use of these indicators...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Before the implementation Water Framework directive, it was usual to forget that a good environment protection of the receiving waters needs a correct and coordinated operation of the subsystems of the water cycle, specially sewerage system, WWTP and receiving waters. This explains that most of the countries have focused their efforts in the treatment of dry weather flows forgetting the management of wet weather flows. Actually the idea that a sewerage system or a WWTP can not be planned or managed independently without considering the effects on the receiving waters is commonly accepted because not only each one of these systems must work correctly but also it is required a minimum impact in the receiving waters of the sewerage and WWTP overflows in dry and wet weather. All these links will affect the management strategy of the sewerage system (storm ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of water stress on patterns of nitrate reductase activity in the leaves and nodules and on nitrogen fixation were investigated in Medicago sativa L. plants watered 1 week...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model was developed to compute concentration of impurities in the WWER 440 steam generator (SG) secondary water along the tube bundle. Calculated values were verified by concentration values obtained from secondary water sample chemical analysis. (orig.). 2 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

By the time of primary 21st century, water hyacinth had become a serious environmental problem in China. Water hyacinth contributes to the major part of ecological hazards from the invasion of foreign...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

average bulk water temper ature rise, OF bulk water temperature at elevation z, OF bulk water temperature in channels 0 and 1, O F film temperature, OF ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese (Jul 1976). Japan Kametani, Katsuaki Tomura, Kayoko . National

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

THMs are disinfection by-products (DBPs) generated during water chlorination. Concentration of individual and total THMs, depends on treatment process and THMs precursors level. ATLL water utility has two DWTP (Llobregar and Ter) that produce and supply drinking water to Barcelona and regional area. This work studies the levels of THMs along the ATLL distribution system (450 km). Although, no differences were observed along water pipes system, changes of water resource and mix procedures were related. (Author) 12 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper the diffusion of tritiated water vapor into concrete walls is studied to evaluate tritiated water retention capacity of a fusion reactor concrete building. Using a model of the tritiated water diffusion determined form experimental results, depth profiles of tritiated water in concrete are calculated in the case of being exposed to air containing tritiated water vapor during the normal operational condition of a fusion reactor. A 0.5-m-thick concrete is sufficient for reactor hall walls from a viewpoint of the tritium containment.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The transport of liquid water and gaseous reactants through a gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important water management issues in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this work, the liquid water breakthrough dynamics, characterized by the capillary pressure and water saturation, across GDLs with and without a microporous layer (MPL) are studied in an ex-situ setup which closely simulates a real fuel cell configuration and operating conditions. The results reveal that recurrent breakthroughs are observed for all of the GDL samples tested, indicating the presence of an intermittent water drainage mechanism in the GDL. This is accounted for by the breakdown and redevelopment of the continuous water paths during water drainage as demonstrated by Haines jumps. For GDL ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most plans for the disposition of surplus nuclear materials involve storage in sealed containers where the evolution of gases from reactions of adsorbed water could present both pressure and flammability hazards[l] . Despite efforts such as calcining the material to minimize the water content prior to packaging, both residual moisture and readsorbed water may be present in the final containers . Given the anticipated temperature excursions during transportation and storage, this water may thermally desorb, increasing the pressure, and/or thermally dissociate to produce H2 gas, increasing flammability hazards . In addition, the radiation from the nuclear material may induce radiolysis of the water with the likely products being water vapor, H2, 02 and H2O2. In order to better understand the relative importance of the thermal- and radiationinduced chemistry, we ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ground water is treated in the Czech Republic so that small water tanks are built above each water source to serve the primary ground water treatment; water so pretreated is then concentrated in large basins for subsequent treatment. Some water tanks where the first contact of the ground water with air takes place were selected as sites predisposed to radon accumulation. The examination was carried out near the town of Jihlava, where the bedrock contains slightly elevated radium concentrations. The average radon concentrations lay within the region of 2-4 kBq/m"3; the instantaneous values, however, exhibited appreciable periodical variations during the day. The relatively high radon concentrations will not pose a marked hazard for the personnel because the employees only reside at the sites in question for 10 to 15 minutes within 2 days, not ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conference paper regarding research in the use of freeze prevention for passive solar domestic water heating systems.

Science.gov (United States)

... Marine transport and oil disposal by boats and Matadi pose threats in the region. When the water ... Marine transport and oil disposal by boats and Matadi pose threats in the region. When the water ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

This site explains how temperature, pressure, and salinity work together to determine the density of ocean water. The three density layers of the ocean are described by means of text description and a graphic illustration.

Science.gov (United States)

... will utilize man-made habitats, including artificial wetlands, waste water ponds, water hazards on golf courses, and an abandoned ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

The largest outbreak of cryptosporidiosis reported in the United Kingdom, involving 575 confirmed cases (of which 474 met an agreed case definition), occurred in the county of Devon during August and September of 1995. The descriptive epidemiology supports the hypothesis that the outbreak was associated with the consumption of cold tap water in the area served by a particular water treatment works. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples at the time of the outbreak. Although the epidemiological analysis provided strong circumstantial evidence of a waterborne outbreak, the data were not recorded in a manner that made them admissible in criminal proceedings taken by the Drinking Water Inspectorate against the water company involved. The need to carry out an analytical study in conjunction with the identification and characterisation of the pathogen in the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... should give full con- As for the effects of the Three Gorges on the mouth of sideration to the rising water process and water temper- the river, the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Where Suck Creek enters the river, a formidable whirlpool and 2 Ground-water data for the Suck Creek area of Walden Ridge, Southern ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The very low-pressure expansion tank of the title invention is connected to the water in the central heating installation via a connecting pipe with a pump and valves on one side, and on the other side the tank is connected via a connecting pipe with valve to the tap water mains, so that the supply of water can be regulated automatically. Within the expansion tank contact with the outside air is not possible because of an air/water separating floater. By means of recording and control (also remote) of the contents of the expansion tank, the installation pressure and the quantity of supplied water from the expansion tank and the tap water mains, failures and water damage are prevented. 4 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

density is slightly higher, its electrical conductivity is much higher, and it is slightly ... Sea water has characteristic properties (e.g. density) that are independent of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The inclusion of neodecanoic acid in aqueous water-soluble soap lubricants reduces viscosity, and improves lubricity effectiveness.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes an outline of solid fuel production process from brown coal and the investigation results of its elemental techniques. Dried coal is produced by this process which consists of a dewatering of crushed brown coal in oil-based solvent, a solid and liquid separation of slurry, and a remained oil recovery by heating. This process is characterized by the higher thermal efficiency compared with usual drying and the restraint of spontaneous combustion of product coal. It was revealed that solid fuel with low moisture, low ash, low sulfur, and suppressed spontaneous combustion property can be produced from Australian brown coal through this process. From the comparison between kerosene and fuel oil A, it was confirmed that the oil content during dewatering was smaller and the oil recovery by heating was easier by using a solvent with lower boiling point. It was also confirmed that the spontaneous combustion property can be suppressed using small amount of asphalt by solving ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

One of the design targets for the ITER Tokamak Exhaust Processing system is not to lose more than 10"-"5 g h"-"1 into the Normal Vent Detritiation System of the Tritium Plant. The plasma exhaust gas, therefore, needs to be processed in a way that an overall tritium removal efficiency of about 10"8 is reached. Such a high decontamination factor can only be achieved by multistage processes. The third step of the three step CAPER process developed at the TLK is based on a so-called permeator catalyst (PERMCAT) reactor, a direct combination of a Pd/Ag permeation membrane and a catalyst bed. The PERMCAT principle is based on isotopic swamping in a counter current mode. Previous tritium experiments employing laboratory scale PERMCAT reactors have revealed decontamination factors as high as 10"5 for the third CAPER step. First tritium tests with a technical scale PERMCAT reactor led to similar decontamination factors and clearly demonstrated that the required overall ITER decontamination ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dry desulfurization, denitrification and air toxics removal process using activated coke (AC) has been commercially adapted for flue gas clean up of a power plant, an oil refinery plant, an iron ore sintering plant, and a refuse incinerator. This process can achieve 100% removal of SO{sub x}, over 80% removal of NO{sub x} and effective removal of air toxics such as Hg, HCL, dioxines, etc., by contacting flue gas with AC and injecting NH{sub 3} for DeNO{sub x} at temperature range of about 100-200{degrees}C. For flue gas treatment, AC has several functions, which basically depends on the chemical surface group on AC inner surface. As adsorbent, AC can adsorb SO{sub x} at the relatively basic oxygen group site, where the adsorbed SO{sub x} is stored as sulfuric acid into micropore structure of AC. As catalyst, AC can decompose NO{sub x} catalytically with addition of NH{sub 3}. The catalytic activity (NO{sub x} removal efficiency) correlates with oxygen and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The future e{sup +}e{sup -} linear colliders can also operate in the e{gamma} or {gamma}{gamma} modes. In the context of the top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) model, we study the single charged top-pion production process {gamma}{gamma} {yields} tb-bar{pi}{sub t}{sup -}. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of tens fb with reasonable parameter values. So one can expect that enough signals could be produced in future high-energy linear collider experiments. Furthermore, the flavor-changing (FC) decay mode {pi}{sub t}{sup -} {yields} bc-bar is the best channel to detect the charged top pion due to the clean standard model background. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top pion should be observable at future linear colliders operating in {gamma}{gamma} mode at the TeV energy scale.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Many types of maintenance activities are performed on contaminated (radioactive) machines and components at the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). When personnel dose levels are within permissible limits, maintenance is performed in contaminated work areas or in gloveboxes. Otherwise, maintenance is performed in the Interim Examination and Maintenance (IEM) Cell, a hot cell that is used to perform tasks that require remote operation. Maintenance is often a combination of manual and remote operation. One such operation was the cleaning of the closed loop ex-vessel machine (CLEM) core component grapple (CCG). The CLEM is used to transfer core components in and out of the reactor vessel. The CCG had not been operating properly due to buildups of metallic sodium and sodium compounds on the outside surface and internal moving parts. This paper tells how the CCG was disassembled and cleaned. Part of this task was done in a glovebox and part in the IEM ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A preliminary assessment of the future refining impacts of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 has been performed with the Navy Mobility Fuels Forecasting Systems. The assessment suggests that gasoline reformulation costs in domestic coastal and near-coastal refining regions in the year 2000 could be 3.5 to 5.6 cents per gallon (in terms of 1989 currency). For heating value equivalent to one gallon of conventional gasoline, the regional total added costs (including reformulation costs) for reformulated gasoline could be 5.9 to 8.0 cents. In blending reformulated gasolines, the reduction of butane for lower Reid vapor pressure and the reduction of reformate for lower aromatics are generally compensated by increased percentages of alkylate and/or straight run naphthas. Relatively larger refinery process capacity additions are required for butane isomerization, alkylation, aromatics recovery, and distillate hydrotreating. 21 refs., 3 figs., 18 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

Attempt to form the Schottky barrier on mercury indium telluride (MIT) surface by deposition transparent conducting electrode (TCE) and avoid the negative results by non-rectifier contacts nature, we have investigated the oxidation of clean MIT surfaces to form an insulating layer to overcome this disadvantage by metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photodetectors designing. Oxide film is grown on the MIT surface by plasma enhance chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Previously cleaned MIT wafers were dipped and boiled in solution, which consists of mixture of bromine and an organic solvent in ratio of 1:50. By the way of using these films as intermediate slightly conducting insulator, a fast-response MIT based surface-barrier photodetectors have been developed. Pt films were used as TCE frontal electrode by vacuum magnetron sputtering (VMS). The current-voltage characteristic is described quantitatively based on the energy diagram and the found ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Work on this coke oven gas cleaning demonstration project (CCT-II) this quarter has been focused on Phase IIB tasks, and include engineering, procurement, construction, and training. Additionally, plans for changes in the operating schedule of the coke plant that affect the demonstration project are described. Engineering efforts are nearly complete. Remaining to be finalized is an assessment of electrical heat tracing/insulation needs for pipe lines, assessment of fire protection requirements, and instrument modifications. Procurement of all major equipment items is complete, except for possible additions to fire fighting capabilities. Major focus is on expediting pipe and structural steel to the project site. Civil construction is complete except for minor pads and bases as required for pipe supports, etc. Erection of the hydrogen sulfide and ammonia scrubber vessels is complete. Installation of scrubber vessel internals is underway. A subcontractor has been ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The linearized-augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) method for thin films is generalized by removing the remaining shape approximation to the potential inside the atomic spheres. A new technique for solving Poisson's equation for a general charge density and potential is described and implemented in the film LAPW method. In the resulting full-potential LAPW method (FLAPW), all contributions to the potential are completely taken into account in the Hamiltonian matrix elements. The accuracy of the method: already well known for clean metal surfaces: is demonstrated for the case of a nearly free (noninteracting) O_2 molecule which is a severe test case of the method because of its large anisotropic charge distribution. Detailed comparisons show that the accuracy of the FLAPW results for O_2 exceeds that of existing state-of-the-art local-density linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals (LCAO)-type calculations, and that taking the full potential LAPW results as a reference, the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NO[sub x] emission legislation requirements for large-bore internal combustion engines have required engine manufacturers to continue to develop and improve techniques for exhaust emission reduction. This paper describes the development of the Cooper-Bessemer Clean Burn gas-diesel (dual-fuel) engine that results in NO[sub x] reductions of up to 92 percent as compared with an uncontrolled gas-diesel engine. Historically, the gas-diesel and diesel engine combustion systems have not responded to similar techniques of NO[sub x] reduction that have been successful on straight spark-ignited natural gas burning engines. NO[sub x] levels of a nominal 1.0 g/BHP-h, equal to the spark-ignited natural gas fueled engine, have been achieved for the gas-diesel and are described. In addition, the higher opacity exhaust plume characteristic of gas-diesel combustion is significantly reduced or eliminated. This achievement is considered to be a major breakthrough, and the concept can ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national center for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and other research into the physics of high temperatures and high densities, and a vital element of the DOE`s nuclear weapons Stockpile Stewardship and Management Program. It will be used by scientists from a numerous different institutions and disciplines to support research advancements in national security, energy, basic science, and economic development. Multiple powerful laser beams will `ignite` small fusion targets, helping liberate more energy than is required to initiate the fusion reactions. This paper discusses the Design for Environment process for NIF, some of the subsequent activities resulting from the initial study, and a few of the lessons learned from this process. Subsequent activities include the development of a Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Plan (P2/WMin) for the facility, which includes Pollution Prevention Opportunity ...

Science.gov (United States)

This cost-effectiveness analysis presents an evaluation of the technical efficiency of pollutant control options for the proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Transportation Equipment Cleaning Industry based on Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) and Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES). Section 2 discusses EPA`s cost-effectiveness methodology and identifies the pollutants included in the analysis. This section also presents EPA`s toxic weighting factors for each pollutant and considers the removal efficiency of each pollution control option. Section 3 describes the options evaluated for each subcategory. Section 4 presents the results of the cost-effectiveness analysis. In Section 5, cost-effectiveness values for proposed TEC industry options are compared to cost-effectiveness values for other promulgated rules. Section 6 discusses the two-part cost-reasonableness test for BCT options. Appendix A presents ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Developments in the past 10 -15 years in the fiels of `steel`, `boilers`, `steam turbines` and `environmental protection` show that the advanced coal dust furnace technology is another option of clean coal technology. The contribution discusses some of the current problems facing the main partners of the coal sector, e.g. coal producers, public utilities and suppliers of steel, boilers and turbines. (orig./GL) [Deutsch] Die Entwicklung der vergangenen 10-15 Jahre in den Bereichen `Stahl`, `Kessel`, `Dampfturbinen` und `umweltschutztechnische Anlagen` verdeutlicht, dass die fortgeschrittene Kohlestaubfeuerungstechnologie ebenfalls eine Option der `Clean Coal Technologies` ist. Im Rahmen dieses kurzen Aufsatzes wird nun versucht, einige zeitgemaesse Problemkreise der Hauptakteure des Strommarktes, wie z.B. des Kohlefoerderers, der Stromproduzenten und der Stahl-, Kessel- sowie Turbinenhersteller anzudeuten. (orig./GL)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ventilation systems must ensure high room air quality with minimum energy consumption in all states of operation. Systems for ventilation on demand are increasing their market share. (orig./MSK) [Deutsch] Oberste Aufgabe von Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen ist die Sicherstellung guter Raumluftqualitaet bei minimalem Energieverbrauch unter allen Betriebsbedingungen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, setzt sich am Markt zunehmend die bedarfsgeregelte Lueftung durch. (orig./MSK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gasification experiments were performed using urban waste wood (Altholz) with additions of polymers typical for separately collected waste plastics. The resulting tar product distributions are discussed in this paper. The amount of tars is shown to be a function of operation parameters of the gasifier as well as the fuel. Plastics admixture yields higher concentrations of aromatic tar compounds in the gases, even if the plastic used is not aromatic in its structure. Such mixtures can be gasified for the production of synthesis gas, but clearly a larger effort will be required in cleaning the gases. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The DOE`s clean-up of its nuclear complex require the development of innovative technologies to convert soils contaminated by hazardous and/or radioactive wastes to forms which can be readily disposed in accordance with current waste disposal methods. The unique features of Votec CMS technology should make it particularly cost-effective process for the vitrification of soils, sediments, sludges, and mill tailings containing organic metallic and/or radioactive contaminants. This article describes the technology (Votec`s combustion and melting system), the results of testing, the demonstration plant system, and summarizes the future schedule and the equipment needed. 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As concern regarding global environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect and acid rain has increased, so too has the demand for commercially viable solar cells as a clean energy source. Interest in amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells has been particularly high, due to their low cost. Technological developments in the field of a-Si solar cells are discussed from the viewpoints of fabrication process, materials, and cell structures. Various applications and systems that take advantage of the a-Si solar cell are then introduced. Finally, future prospects are mentioned

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The product of several advanced physical coal cleaning processes is a dry, ultrafine coal (DUC), in the order of 10 microns mean mass diameter. To utilize this fuel commercially, cost-effective, environmentally safe systems must be provided for the storage, transport, and handling of this finely divided form of fuel. The objective of the project described herein is the development of total logistics systems for DUC, including experimental verification of key features. The systems to be developed will provide for safe, economic, and environmentally protective storage and delivery of DUC for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. 20 figs.

CERN Document Server

The top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) mode predicts the existence of a pair of charged top-pions $\\pi^{\\pm}_t$. In this paper, we study the production of the charged top-pions pair $\\pi^{\\pm}_t$ at next generation $\\gamma\\gamma$ colliders. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of $10^2$ fb with reasonable parameter space. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top-pion should be observable at the $\\gamma\\gamma$ colliders. Therefore, our studies can help us to search for charged top-pion, and furthermore, to test the TC2 model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of and emission factors for the air-polluting matters sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (esp. benz(a)pyrene), aldehyde and soot with regard to natural gas, excluding process furnaces, are dealt with. The comparison with other fuels indicates that only as to nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are emission factors equal in order of magnitude. As a summary measure of all air-polluting matters the emission index as proposed already in 1972 is applied. It shows emissions with single-room furnaces for heating oil EL to be six times as high as with natural gas; with black-coal briquettes the factor is at least 33, with wood chimneys about 200.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The application of medium energy ion scattering in combination with channelling and blocking to the study of the initial stages of palladium silicide formation is discussed. After a brief description of the experimental arrangement and method, the effects on the Rutherford backscattering spectra of depositing small quantities of palladium on clean Si(111) are reported. The uniformity and thermal stability of thin palladium silicide films grown at room temperature were measured. Finally, channelling and blocking results were used to carry out a structural analysis of thin epitaxial Pd/sub 2/Si layers.

Science.gov (United States)

The Eighth Indirect Liquefaction Contractors' Review Meeting was held November 15-17, 1988 at the Pittsburgh Hyatt Hotel. Twenty-eight presentations were made by contractors, invited speakers, and Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center R and D personnel. Six areas of research were covered: synthesis gas conversion to oxygenates; light hydrocarbon gas conversion; slurry reactor hydrodynamics; production, clean-up and conversion to hydrocarbon fuels; Fischer-Tropsch products upgrading; and, synthesis gas bioconversion. The meetings also included a panel discussion on direct methane conversion research. Individual projects are processed separately for the data bases.

Science.gov (United States)

This report--the forty-fifth of a series--is a compendium of monthly progress reports for the ORNL research and development programs that are in support of the increased utilization of coal and other fossil fuel alternatives to oil and gas as sources of clean energy. The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion process development, materials engineering, alkali metal vapor topping cycles, a coal equipment test program, an AFB coal combustor for cogeneration (CCC), engineering and support studies, process and program assistance, evironmental assessment studies, magnetic beneficiation, and AFBC demonstration plant.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the framework of the Low Emittance Gun (LEG) project, high gradient acceleration of a low emittance electron beam will be necessary. In order to achieve this acceleration, a -500 kV, 250 ns FWHM, pulse will be applied between two electrodes. Those electrodes should sustain the pulsed field without arcing, must not outgas and must not emit electrons. Ion back bombardment, and dark current will be damaging to the electron source as well as for the low emittance beam. Electrodes of commercially available OFE copper, aluminium, stainless steel (SS), titanium and molybdenum were tested, following different procedures including plasma glow discharge cleaning.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production and uses are described for extracellular microbial polysaccharides (generically called emulsans) and for a new class of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (collectively called alpha-emulsans) produced by Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012, its mutants or recombinants. Also included are the deproteinized lipopolysaccharides (collectively called apoemulsans) obtained from such emulsans, as well as to the divalent metal, ammonium, and quaternary ammonium salts of such emulsans and apoemulsans. The materials can be used (1) in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels used to transport or store crude oil or petroleum fractions in such a manner that the residual oil may be recovered for fuel value or for refining and (2) in enhanced oil recovery.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The decontamination factor is studied as a function of laser fluence for three kinds of clad surfaces viz., plain zircaloy, autoclaved zircaloy and SS with cesium as the test contamination. It has been found that the decontamination factor exhibits a maximal behaviour with the laser fluence and its maximum value occurs at different laser fluences in the three cases. The maximal behaviour is attributed to reduced coupling of energy from the laser beam to the substrate due to the initiation of surface-assisted optical breakdown. The results obtained in the experiment carried out in helium environment qualitatively support this explanation (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bunker Hill Co. v. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) challenged EPA's right to make on-site inspections. A review of the arguments in three Circuit Court Cases shows that the inspection would be meaningless if the chemical company retained exclusive control over inspections and the generated information, but neither court held the company in contempt for refusing admission to inspectors. Industry's claim that on-site monitoring is unconstitutional and the compromises in lawsuits suggest a lack of compliance by both industry and EPA in monitoring regulations. Congress needs to rewrite less-ambiguous regulations. 59 references. (DCK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report contains a partial catalog of recent accomplishments of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)in collaboration with its many private- and public-sector partners. This compendium of success stories illustrates the range and diversity of EERE programs and achievements. Part of an ongoing effort, the principal goal of this collection is to provide stakeholders with the evidence they need to assess the value they are receiving from investments in these DOE programs. The report begins with an introduction and a description of the methodology. It then presents an overview of the accomplishments of EERE programs. This is followed by the stories themselves.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The composition and thickness of etch residues on the base of submicrometer via holes cannot be surmized from data on larger features. Auger sputter depth profiles were used to compare etch residues in 0.55 {mu}m via holes produced by different etch processes and remaining after different cleans. These residues varied significantly in composition and thickness with the processing history of the sample and from those on larger features. A focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation was developed to expose the bases of via holes and to help reduce sample charging. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present research has been made to develop and review critically the functional requirements of the specific safety systems of CANDU such as SOS-1, SOS-2, ECCS and containment. Based on R documents for this, a systematic study was made to develop the domestic regulation statements. Also, the conventional laws are carefully reviewed to see the compatibility to CANDU. Also, the safety assessment method for CANDU was studied by reviewing C documents and recommendation of IAEA. Through the present works, the vague policy in the CANDU safety regulation is cleaning up in a systematic form and a new frame to measure the objective risk of nuclear power plants was developed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The theme of the conference was 'The paradox: today's coal technologies versus tomorrow's promise'. The sessions covered: today's technologies, tomorrow's potential; economic stability; energy security; transition to sustainable energy future; new coal power technologies leading to zero emission coal; existing power plants - improved performance through use of new technology; and carbon capture and storage R & D - challenges and opportunities. Some of the papers only consist of the viewgraphs/overheads.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper, firstly, introduces the background in developing a high quality water supply system, in which the drinking water system is isolated inside a building. Results of questionnaire on the high quality service water are illustrated. The results of questionnaire have revealed that the high quality service water is extremely interested. Then, are described the target quality of high quality water, the constitution of high quality water supply system, the treatment process, the measures to secure safety and sanitary, and the method of maintenance. The high quality water is produced through the activated charcoal absorption treatment, membrane treatment, ozonation, cooling, mineral addition, and disinfection of city water. Furthermore, application examples of this system adopted to a department store and a bachelor ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During cleanup of contaminated sites, Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) frequently encounters soils with low-level radioactive contamination. The contamination is not uniformly distributed, but occurs within areas of clean soil. Because it is difficult to characterize heterogeneously contaminated soils in detail and to excavate such soils precisely using heavy equipment, it is common for large quantities of uncontaminated soil to be removed during excavation of contaminated sites. This practice results in the commingling and disposal of clean and contaminated material as low-level waste (LLW), or possibly low-level mixed waste (LLMW). Until recently, volume reduction of radioactively contaminated soil depended on manual screening and analysis of samples, which is a costly and impractical approach and does not uphold As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principles. To reduce the amount of LLW and LLMW generated during the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steam generators for nuclear plants require access to the primary and secondary side for various inspection, cleaning and repair procedures and upon achieving access various inspection and cleaning tasks must be carried out. Steam generators currently at manufacture are therefore provided with; primary side access via the primary manways, steam drum access via the steam drum manway, U-bend region access via the secondary manway and drum-internals access passages, tubesheet secondary side access via tubesheet level inspection ports and tube support plate access via tube support level access ports. Many CANDU steam generators were built with only primary and drum manways and either no tubesheet ports or ports which were located ineffectively. The steam generators at Wolsong 1 were built with secondary side inspection ports that provided only limited access away from the no-tube-lane. In addition they have very difficult internal no-tube-lane ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The PPCC technology, a combined cycle, requires comprehensive cleaning of the flue gases because coal contains a large variety of minerals and other substances. This would lead to fast destruction of the gas turbine blades due to erosion and corrosion. The present specifications of the turbine manufacturers for the required flue gas quality are at a maximum particulate content of 5 mg/m3 s.t.p., diameter of < 5 {micro}m, and a maximum alkali content < 0.01 mg/m3 s.t.p. The PPCC project is aimed at cleaning the flue gases of pressurized coal combustion. This method will be applied at temperature ranges where the ash is in a liquid state and which will be thus cleaned from coarse particulate material by agglomeration and inertial force separators. Appropriate separating methods are also being investigated and developed for the hazardous gaseous contents, e.g. alkali compounds, which are released during the coal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the five projects selected for funding within the Clean Coal Technology Program is a project proposed by the Pennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec) of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Penelec proposes to enter into a cooperative agreement with DOE to design, construct and operate a 600 ton-per-day, 66-megawatt (MWe), coal-fueled, externally-fired combined cycle (EFCC) electric power generation facility. The EFCC is an emerging technology with promise for operating highefficiency combined gas- and steam-turbine cycles on coal. The central feature of EFCC is its coupling of the gas turbine to an external, atmospheric-pressure, coal combustor via a hightemperature ceramic heat exchanger (CerHx{reg_sign}) developed by Hague International. The EFCC technology is attractive because, unlike competing combined cycles such as Integrated Gasification (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), it eliminates the need for a costly gas cleanup system to protect the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes progress on the Advanced Coal Liquefaction project by the Gulf Research and Development Company's Merriam Laboratory during the months of January through March 1983. The liquefaction behavior of Illinois No. 6 coal beneficiated in various ways was studied in both single-stage recycle (SRC II) and short contact time (SCT) modes of operation. The distillate yield increased as the iron level in the feed slurry increased in both modes of operation. In the SCT mode, the conversion increased at greater depths of cleaning. In the SRC II mode, the distillate yield and conversion were much higher with deep cleaning and add-back of pyrite than with conventional cleaning. Pyrite addition resulted in a significant increase in short contact time conversion of subbituminous Belle Ayr coal in both high and low quality solvents. Solvent quality itself, however, had little effect on conversion. With Loveridge ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Pakistan, the agricultural sector is the largest water user with 95%, leaving only marginal quantities for households and industry. On one hand, agriculture is a very important sector in Pakistan's economic development, contributing about 23 % to the national GDP -but industry contributes slightly more using only about 2 % of the available water resources. As Pakistan faces a growing problem of water shortage, significant achievements in water conservation have to be materialized, predominantly on the agricultural sector. There is scope for a higher degree of efficiency in water use, as water losses, namely in irrigation, are still rather high. There is another good reason for water conservation in agriculture: Over-irrigation results in rising water tables and increased soil salinity, which has reduced Pakistan's ...