International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Negative ions have attractive features as drivers for inertial confinement fusion, because they will avoid electron cloud effects, and could be efficiently photodetached to neutrals after the final focus, which could also be beneficial in heating warm dense matter targets. The halogens have large electron affinities, and thus should be able to produce high current densities of relatively robust negative ions. Recent experiments comparing chlorine beams to argon beams using the same source, extraction optics, and diagnostics have demonstrated that Cl"- beams can be produced with similar emittance to Ar"+ beams, and with about 34 the current density from the same configuration. The observed effective beam temperature of about 13eV, and the similarity of current densities show that negative halogen beams can meet the current density and emittance requirements of heavy ion fusion. The near equivalence of ...

CERN Document Server

We calculated the matter effect, including both the Earth and supernova, on the detection of neutrinos from type II supernovae at the proposed Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment. It is found that apart from the dependence on the flip probability P_H inside the supernova and the mass hierarchy of neutrinos, the amount of the Earth matter effect depends on the direction of the incoming supernova neutrinos, and reaches the biggest value when the incident angle of neutrinos is around 93^\\circ. In the reaction channel \\bar{\

CERN Document Server

It is a pity that the real state of matter in pulsar-like stars is still not determined confidently because of the uncertainty about cold matter at supranuclear density, even 40 years after the discovery of pulsar. Nuclear matter (related to neutron stars) is one of the speculations for the inner constitution of pulsars even from the Landau's time more than 70 years ago, but quark matter (related to quark stars) is an alternative due to the fact of asymptotic freedom of interaction between quarks as the standard model of particle physics develops since 1960s. Therefore, one has to focus on astrophysical observations in order to answer what the nature of pulsars is. In this presentation, I would like to summarize possible observational evidence/hints that pulsar-like stars could be quark stars, and to address achievable clear evidence for quark stars in the future experiments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of this DOE-supported exhibition is to demystify Einstein`s formula E = mc{sup 2} by illustrating the interchangeability of matter (m) and energy (E), c{sup 2} being the exchange rate. The exhibition has two major parts, {open_quotes}matter into energy{close_quotes} and {open_quotes}energy into matter{close_quotes}, plus a video to connect them. {open_quotes}Matter into energy{close_quotes} has now been completed and has been placed on the museum floor. Positrons from a {sup 22}Na source are annihilated to produce gamma rays that are caught in NaI detectors. The viewer can alter the alignment of the detectors and observe the consequences for the rates of single and coincident counts. The viewer can also observe the effects of placing absorbers in front of the counters. Prototype explanatory graphics were placed around the exhibit and those will probably be changed after we have some ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this experiment, a beam incident from an oblique direction is reflected by a spherical lens toward the direction of incidence. When the surface of a matter is vibrated by elastic waves, the spherical lens comes into a translation motion that accompanies the vibration. It follows accordingly that the vibration on the surface of the matter may be detected by sensing the spherical lens travelling speed. Three components of the vibration may be determined if beams are focused at one spot from three directions. Detection of the S-wave component by LDV (laser Doppler vibrometer) discloses the complicated wave field in a heterogeneous material, and this physical model experiment may be utilized in various fields of study. For instance, information about problems that may surface in the field work may be collected beforehand in a physical model experiment for developing an S-wave-aided ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Data Acquisition System for the CDMS II dark matter experiment was designed and built when the experiment moved to its new underground installation at the Soudan Lab. The combination of remote operation and increased data load necessitated a completely new design. Elements of the original LabView system remained as stand-alone diagnostic programs, but the main data processing moved to a VME-based system with custom electronics for signal conditioning, trigger formation and buffering. The data rate was increased 100-fold and the automated cryogenic system was linked to the data acquisition. A modular server framework with associated user interfaces was implemented in Java to allow control and monitoring of the entire experiment remotely.

CERN Document Server

We investigate the signatures of antimatter in cosmic rays that would result from annihilations of the scalar dark matter candidate of the Inert Doublet Model. We consider three benchmark candidates, all consistent with the WMAP cosmic abundance and existing direct detection experiments, and confront the predictions of the model with the recent PAMELA, ATIC and HESS data. For a light IDM WIMP candidate, M_{DM} = 10 GeV, we argue that the positron and antiproton fluxes are large, but consistent with expected backgrounds, unless there is an enhancement in the local density of dark matter. For an IDM WIMP candidate with M_{DM} = 70 GeV, the contribution is lower than the expected backgrounds unless there is a large boost factor. However, the candidate is enable to explain the excesses observed by the recent experiments. Finally, for an IDM WIMP candidate with M_{DM}=10 TeV, it is possible to fit the PAMELA ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to achieve the safe core cooling during normal operation and upset conditions, HANARO adopted an upward forced convection cooling system with dual containment arrangements instead of the forced downward flow system popularly used in the majority of forced convection cooling research reactors. This kind of upward flow system was selected by comparing the relative merits of upward and downward flow systems from various points of view such as safety, performance, maintenance. However, several operational matters which were not regarded as serious at design come out during operation. In this paper are presented the design and operational experiences on the unique cooling features of HANARO. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimentalist looking for free tachyons is faced with the following two related problems: A) How does a tachyon interact with bradyonic matter. Is it an object more or less localized in space-time. B) How should a (bradyonic) detector for tachyons look. To answer B) you should necessarily know something about A). But a theory which provides sufficient information doesn't exist at the moment. Therefore it is necessary to make some simple assumption to tackle problem B). In the second part of this contribution two possibilities of tachyon detectors are proposed assuming that a free charged tachyon (if it exists) exhibits normal electromagnetic interaction with bradyonic matter. Another possibility to look for tachyons produced in high energy reactions of bradyons is the missing mass method using the fact that the four-momentum of a collection of particles can be spacelike if at least one tachyon is present. Such ...

CERN Document Server

An anisotropic power spectrum will have a clear signature in the 21cm radiation from high- redshift hydrogen. We calculate the expected power spectrum of the intensity fluctuations in neutral hydrogen from before the epoch of reionization, and predict the accuracy to which future experiments could constrain a quadrupole anisotropy in the power spectrum. We find that the Square Kilometer Array will have marginal detection abilities for this signal at z~17 if the process of reionization has not yet started; reionization could enhance the detectability substantially. Pushing to higher redshifts and higher sensitivity will allow highly precise (percent level) measurements of anisotropy.

CERN Document Server

In the quest to understand the ultimate nature of WIMPs, we propose the use of a hybrid detection technique: cylinders filled with liquefied noble gasses, acting as targets, are immersed inside a tank of Gd-doped ultra-pure water that provides an active and efficient veto against neutrons. The evaluation of the background rejection capabilities and physics potential of this instrument have been carried out through a full GEANT4 simulation, assuming the detector will be located at the Canfranc underground laboratory (in the Spanish Pyrenees). Our results compare very favourably with existing or planned experiments in the field. This technique is scalable and will allow to reach target masses of few tonnes in the next future.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

On the 15th of June 2006 the PAMELA experiment, mounted on the Resurs DK1 satellite, was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. PAMELA is a satellite-borne apparatus designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation, to investigate the nature of dark matter, measuring the cosmic-ray antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved, and to search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle identification over a wide energy range.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The cost of transporting biogas digestate can be decreased by reducing its water content. However, the digestate emits volatile compounds during drying. This study investigated the drying behaviour and the change of digestate composition. Drying took place in a hybrid solar/waste-heat dryer that used solar energy as well as waste heat from a combined heat and power unit (CHP) and the exhaust air of a microturbine. The experiment involved the use of 60 t of liquid digestate. Climatic conditions were measured inside and outside the drying hall. Dry matter (DM) and organic dry matter (ODM) were also measured on a daily basis. In addition, the energy consumption of waste and solar heat were recorded and related to the quantity of dried feedstock. The total nitrogen, ammonium, phosphate, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the digestate were subjected to chemical analysis before and after the drying process. ...

CERN Document Server

AMS is a particle detector designed to perform high precision measurements of the cosmic rays fluxes with the main goals of searching for anti-nuclei, as remnants of primordial anti-matter, and of measuring the faintest components of the cosmic flux, anti- protons, positrons and high energy photons. To fulfill the requirements of large acceptance, long exposure time and excellent particle identification needed to achieve the intended results, AMS will operate in space as an attached payload to the International Space Station (ISS), being the first full featured particle physics experiment to operate in the Earth orbit. The AMS-02 accurate measurements of cosmic-ray nuclei, protons, antiprotons, electrons and positrons will be completed by high energy gamma rays detection. The experiment will detect gamma-rays, either by reconstructing e+e? pairs generated by photons converted upstream the tracker (conversion mode), or based ...

Science.gov (United States)

We adapt the Jain-Taylor (2003) shear-ratio geometric lensing method to measure the dark energy equation of state, w = pv/?v and its time derivative from dark matter haloes in cosmologies with arbitrary spatial curvature. The full shear-ratio covariance matrix is calculated for lensed sources, including the intervening large-scale structure and photometric redshift errors as additional sources of noise, and a maximum likelihood method for applying the test is presented. Decomposing the lensing matter distribution into dark matter haloes we calculate the parameter covariance matrix for an arbitrary experiment. Combining with the expected results from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) we design an optimal survey for probing dark energy. This shows that a targeted survey imaging 60 of the largest clusters in a hemisphere with five-band optical photometric redshifts to a median galaxy depth of zm = 0.9 ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Identity is one of the most important matters in social theory, especially in recent decades. Identity is a fluid phenomenon which forms in the process of every day activities. Individuals get practical knowledge of society to do intentional practices. They operate actively in identitizing process. Gender identity is one of important dimensions of individual identities constituting in social relations to others. Different socio-economic classes experience different social relations and engage in different identity processes. This research studies the formation process of feminine identity in the process of marriage (in contrast with the concept of virginity) in lower socio-economic classes of Bam. Body as site of identity and focus of close contact between agency and structure becomes the ...

CERN Document Server

After two decades of direct dynamical simulation of large-scale structure in the universe, it is safe to say the subject is now mature. Still, there are parts of the problem that are less well developed than others. In general, the collisionless dynamics of the dark matter component is better understood than the collisional gas dynamics of the baryonic component. In situations where the gas dynamics is relatively simple, such as the Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest and the intracluster medium in X-ray clusters, our ability to reproduce observational data has evolved rapidly, and the interpretive and predictive power of such experiments should now be taken seriously. A comparison of twelve gas dynamic codes to the problem of forming a single X-ray cluster shows that numerical inaccuracies are modest (typically below ten percent), leaving missing physics as the main source for large systematic differences between theory and observation. Galaxy formation, ...

CERN Document Server

Cosmic ray antiprotons provide an important probe for the study of cosmic ray propagation in the interstellar space and to investigate the existence of Galactic dark matter. The ARGO-YBJ experiment is observing the Moon shadow with high statistical significance at an energy threshold of a few hundred GeV. Using all the data collected until November 2009, we set two upper limits on the antip/p flux ratio: 5% at an energy of 1.4 TeV and 6% at 5 TeV with a confidence level of 90%. In the few-TeV range the ARGO-YBJ results are the lowest available, useful to constrain models for antiproton production in antimatter domains.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In equipment industries, the equipments handling industrial water and pure water are numerous. In power generation including nuclear power generation, water serves as a working medium. Review is made on the experiences in the corrosion of iron and nickel base alloys in high temperature, high pressure water and the results of researches derived from them. Under high temperature and high pressure, carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and high nickel alloy cause corrosion even in pure water. But in the case of serious corrosion, chlorine, oxygen, alkali and others in water take part. The following matters are described: corrosion by steam; stress corrosion cracking in pure water; corrosion by impurities in high temperature, high pressure pure water, i.e. chlorine ions, dissolved oxygen, and alkali; corrosion under radiation. (J.P.N.).

CERN Document Server

CR-39 detectors have been exposed to a 5.9-MeV antiproton beam using the low energy antiproton ring (LEAR) facility at CERN. At this energy, tracks of antiprotons appear in a CR-39 detector after 135 min of etching in 6 M NaOH at 70C. Fluence of the antiproton beam has been determined using track density. We have also found tracks in the etched CR-39 detector at different depths (250-500 mum). These tracks have resulted from the annihilation of antiprotons with the constituents (H, C and O) of the CR-39 detector. The goal of the experiment is to develop a simple and low-cost method to study properties of antiparticles and those formed after annihilation of these particles with the target matter.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Until recently little more was known than that dark matter appears to exist; there was little systematic information about its properties. Only in the past several years was progress made to the point where dark matter density distributions can be measured. For example, with accurate rotation curves extending over large ranges in radius, decomposing the effects of visible and dark matter to measure dark matter density profiles can be tried. Some regularities in dark matter behaviour have already turned up. This volume includes review and invited papers, poster papers, and the two general discussions. (Auth.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This topical review provides an overview of quantum dot micropillars and their application in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) experiments. The development of quantum dot micropillars is motivated by the study of fundamental cQED effects in solid state and their exploitation in novel light sources. In general, light-matter interaction occurs when the dipole of an emitter couples to the ambient light field. The corresponding coupling strength is strongly enhanced in the framework of cQED when the emitter is located inside a low mode volume microcavity providing three-dimensional photon confinement on a length scale of the photon wavelength. In addition, coherent coupling between light and matter, which is essential for applications in quantum information processing, can be achieved when dissipative losses, predominantly due to photon leakage out of the cavity, are strongly reduced. In this paper, we will demonstrate ...

CERN Document Server

Cosmic ray antiprotons provide an important probe for the study of cosmic-ray propagation in the interstellar space and to investigate the existence of Galactic dark matter. Cosmic rays are hampered by the Moon, therefore a deficit of cosmic rays in its direction is expected (the so-called "Moon shadow"). The Earth-Moon system acts as a magnetic spectrometer. In fact, due to the geomagnetic field the center of the Moon shifts westward by an amount depending on the primary cosmic ray energy. Paths of primary antiprotons are therefore deflected in an opposite sense in their way to the Earth. This effect allows, in principle, the search of antiparticles in the opposite direction of the observed Moon shadow. The ARGO-YBJ experiment, in stable data taking since November 2007 with an energy threshold of a few hundreds of GeV, is observing the Moon shadow with high statistical significance. Using about 1 year data, an upper limit of the antip/p flux ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Alice experiment is one of the four main LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments. It is dedicated to the study of a new state of matter: the quark gluon plasma, where quarks and gluons are no longer confined within hadrons. In this document, the physics issues that led to the construction of Alice dimuon spectrometer, are described. Then, the research and development on the dimuon spectrometer is presented. The different absorbers are described and experimental tests used to determine their dimensions are presented. The dimuon trigger built using the RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) streamer mode is then described along with the associated beam and cosmic tests and results. Finally, the tracking system is described in detail and more particularly all its electronics and the first station. The physics constraints on the expected performances of all these systems are clearly defined. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stable strange quark matter produced in the QCD phase transition in the early universe will trap neutrons and repel protons, thus reducing primordial helium production, Ysub(p). For reasonable values of Ysub(p), the radius of strange droplets must exceed 10/sup -6/ cm if strange matter shall solve the dark-matter problem without spoiling Big Bang helium synthesis. (orig.).

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A composition of matter to treat particles entrained in flue gas, is described comprising: a caustic liquid used to adjust resistivity of the entrained particles; and inert particulate matter supporting the caustic liquid for inhibiting chemical action of the caustic liquid until used to adjust the resistivity of the entrained particles, the inert particulate matter supporting sufficient caustic liquid to adjust the resistivity of the entrained particles.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 2003, Vehicle Emissions Team of the Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) decided to explore ways to reduce vehicle emissions such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel engines. One of the options for reducing emissions from diesel engines, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), is the subject of a demonstration project to test the effectiveness of the Johnson Matthey diesel particulate filter called Continuously Regenerating Technology (CRT) under cold weather conditions. The project involved filter testing between January 2003 and January 2004 on two diesel buses in Edmonton Transit System's (ETS) fleet. Vehicle exhaust emissions were tested for total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. The objectives of the project were to: prove the effectiveness of DPF under cold weather conditions in Alberta; provide an opportunity for hands-on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Renewable energy sources have received increased interest from the international community with biomass being one of the oldest and the most promising ones. In the concept of exploitation of agro-industrial residues, the present study investigates the pre-treatment and ethanol fermentation potential of the olive pulp, which is the semi solid residue generated from the two-phase processing of the olives for olive oil production. Wet oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis have been applied aiming at the enhancement of carbohydrates' bioavailability. Different concentrations of enzymes and enzymatic durations have been tested. Both wet oxidation and enzymic treatment were evaluated based on the ethanol obtained in a subsequent fermentation step by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Thermoanaerobacter mathranii. It was found that a four-day hydrolysis time was adequate for a satisfactory release of glucose and xylose. The combination of wet oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in the ...

Science.gov (United States)

None of the materials presently in common use for polarized proton targets has a pure carbon nuclear background. The alcohols and diols contain some oxygen, and the ammonia and amine-based materials contain nitrogen and/or other noncarbon species. In the latter cases the noncarbon nuclei are measurably polarized as a concomitant of the process used to polarize the hydrogen nuclei. The relative simplicity of a pure carbon background would be advantageous for most types of scattering experiments and perhaps crucial for some. In addition to simplifying the kinematics of background events, pure carbon is relatively easy to prepare as a dummy'' target for background subtraction. Also, in such a target material, [sup 13]C-enrichment would yield a clean polarized [sup 13]C material. In this note I explore the possibilities for such materials, touching upon only what I consider to be the high'' points. The subject ...

CERN Document Server

We propose to investigate the in-medium properties of vector $\\omega$ mesons at the normal nuclear density in Ap(pA) collisions and at higher density in AA collisions at the ITEP accelerator facility TWAC. Using of the inverse Ap kinematics will permit us to study the $\\omega$ meson production in a wide momentum interval included the not yet explored range of small meson momenta relative to the projectile nuclei where the mass modification effect in nuclear matter is expected to be the strongest. Momentum dependence of the in-medium $\\omega$ meson width will be studied in the traditional pA kinematics. We intend to use the electromagnetic calorimeter for reconstruction of the $\\omega$ meson invariant mass by detecting photons from the $\\omega \\to \\pi^{0}\\gamma \\to 3\\gamma$ decay. The model calculations and simulations with RQMD generator show feasibility of the proposed experiment. Available now intensity of the ion beams provides a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 1984 American Association of the Academy of Sciences study of more than 150 successful science in-service programs developed a list of their characteristics, which included: Strong academic component in mathematics, science, and communications, focused on enrichment rather than remediation; academic subjects taught by teachers who are highly competent in the subject matter and believe that students can learn the materials; heavy emphasis on the applications of science and mathematics and careers in these fields; integrative approach to teaching that incorporates all subject areas, hands-on opportunities, and computers; multiyear involvement with students; recruitment of participants from all relevant target populations; opportunities for in-school and out-of-school learning experiences; parental involvement and development of base of community support; specific attention to removing educational inequalities related to race and gender; ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of compost addition to soil on fractionation and bioavailability of Cu, Mn, and Zn to four crops. Soils growing Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were amended (by volume) with 0, 20, 40, and 60% Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (SS-MSW) compost, and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and peppermint (Mentha X piperita L.) were amended with 0, 20, 40, and 60% of high-Cu manure compost (by volume). The SS-MSW compost applications increased the concentration of Cu and Zn in all fractions, increased Mn in acid extractable (ACID), iron and manganese oxides (FeMnOX), and organic matter (OM) fractions, but decreased slightly exchangeable-Mn. Addition of 60% high-Cu manure compost to the soil increased Cu EXCH, ACID, FeMnOX, and OM fractions, but decreased EXCH-Mn, and did not change EXCH-Zn. Addition of both composts to soil reduced bioavailability and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

KM3NeT is a future deep-sea research infrastructure hosting a neutrino telescope with a volume of at least one cubic kilometer to be constructed in the Mediterranean Sea. The experiment aims to detect high-energy cosmic neutrinos using a 3D array of optical modules to collect the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles in the water. Upward going muons and showers produced in neutrino interactions with the surrounding matter will allow the search and study of possible sources of extra-terrestrial neutrinos. The design of optical modules makes an important impact on the performance and cost of the KM3NeT project. Several different optical module configurations are under consideration; based on glass pressure spheres containing: a large (10 in.) hemispherical photomultiplier tube (with a multi-anode version as an option); 25-31 3 in. photomultiplier tubes, or a crystal scintillator-based hybrid device (X-HPD). The features and advantages of ...

CERN Document Server

Neutrino emission drives neutron star cooling for the first several hundreds of years after its birth. Given the low energy ($\\sim$ keV) nature of this process, one expects very few nonstandard particle physics contributions which could affect this rate. Requiring that any new physics contributions involve light degrees of freedom, one of the likely candidates which can affect the cooling process would be a nonzero magnetic moment for the neutrino. To illustrate, we compute the emission rate for neutrino pair bremsstrahlung in neutron-neutron scattering through photon-neutrino magnetic moment coupling. We also present analogous differential rates for neutrino scattering off nucleons and electrons that determine neutrino opacities in supernovae. Employing current upper bounds from collider experiments on the tau magnetic moment, we find that the neutrino emission rate can exceed the rate through neutral current electroweak interaction by a factor two, signalling ...

Science.gov (United States)

A one-year technology-transfer project involving ERDA installations and Hawaii consisted of sending teams from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory on week-long field trips every two months to test the effectiveness of different methods of transferring technology information from federal sources to civilian clients. The team was questioned primarily on non-energy matters, and the energy questions asked related mostly to individuals or small industries. The team responed to all questions and found that a wide range of knowledge was more effective than having a sequence of experts. Hawaiians considered current major ERDA projects to be irrelevant to their needs. The team was most successful on a one-to-one basis because large groups and state agencies tend to be more policy- than action-oriented. Personal followup was considered essential. The team also learned that their visits generated ten times as many inquiries as were received unsolicited by the laboratory. Most ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel composite film, comprising of hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and gold nanoparticles (GNP), was fabricated and characterized. The GNP was introduced through electrochemical deposition on IL-MWNT gel film coated glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). Experiments showed that both IL and MWNTs could facilitate the GNP deposition. With GNP the composite film exhibited smaller electron transfer resistance and higher sensitivity in sensing guanine (G) and adenine (A). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the anodic peak currents were linear to the analyte concentration in the ranges of 0.008-2.0 {mu}M. The detection limits were down to nanomole level after an accumulation of 150 s on open-circuit. In addition, on the composite film coated GCE, the anodic peaks of G and A were well separated, and their response sensitivities kept almost unchanged no matter whether they coexisted or not. This proposed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A G-matrix, derived from a meson-exchange potential in nuclear matter, is applied to finite, semi-magic nuclei. For the open shell the broken-pair model, which can accommodate many single-particle levels, is used. The excitations of the closed shell are treated as particle-hole states. Energy spectra and electromagnetic transition densities are calculated for /sup 88/Sr and /sup 58/Ni. The energies of the non-collective states are well described. Pairing correlations in the ground state have almost the correct strength in a multishell model space. To improve the energies of the collective 2/sup +/ and 3/sup -/ states the inclusion of core-polarisation effects in the force is required. Transition charge densities for collective states become strongly surface-peaked by core-polarisation effects, as is observed in experiments. The effects of pairing correlations and core polarisation on the magnetic form factor of the 3.486 MeV 1/sup +/ state in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rehabilitation of open-cut coal mining spoils at Collie, Western Australia, requires amelioration before adequate survival and growth of rehabilitation species can occur. Lolium ridgidum was used in a greenhouse pot experiment to assess the ability of lime (CaCO/sub 3/) and two waste-products of regional industry, bauxite processing caustic waste (red mud) and timber milling refuse (sawdust), to render the low pH spoils suitable for plant growth. CaCO/sub 3/ at 1% and red mud at 18% were both effective in reducing acidity and levels of available Al in the overburden. Red-mud treatment produced 10-fold increases in plant dry matter accumulation over the CaCO/sub 3/ treatment when no fertilizer was used. This is due to the presence of significant amounts of phosphorus in the red mud. With additions of a balanced NPK fertilizer at 0.077%, CaCO/sub 3/ treatment produced the best plant growth in this overburden. The re-use of the red-mud wastes for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anomalous fading of the feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal hampers possibilities of using feldspar IRSL to obtain burial ages for sediments beyond the dating range of quartz optically stimulated luminescence. Here, we propose a new approach to quantify anomalous fading of the feldspar IRSL signal over geological burial times based on laboratory fading experiments. The approach builds on the description of the quantum mechanical tunnelling process recently proposed by Huntley [2006. An explanation of the power-law decay of luminescence. J. Phys. Condensed Matter 18, 1359-1365]. We show that our methods allow the construction of un-faded and natural IRSL dose-response curves as well as anomalous fading rates in field saturation. The predicted level of field saturation closely approximates the measured saturation level for five samples from fluvial deposits (Lower Rhine) known to be older than 1 Ma. The modelled anomalous ...

Science.gov (United States)

... s the matter with Kansas?Legislative debates over stem cell research in Kansas and MassachusettsBonnie StabileSchool of Public Policy, ... examines the contextual factors shaping legislative debates affec...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hypoxia–ischemia (H/I) in the premature infant leads to white matter injury termed periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the leading cause of subsequent neurological deficits. Glutamatergic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact white matter hyperintensities (WMH) detected on MRI have on motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment in non-demented elderly...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Massive particle candidates for dark matter provide a potentially observable signature by virtue of their annihilations in the galactic halo at a known but model-dependent rate. Possible signatures are described, including cosmic ray antiproton and gamma-ray production. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Report of activity displays the work developed at Centre d`Etude Nucleaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan (CENBG) in the period 1995-1996. A number of 68 short progress notes are presented in the fields of Cosmic particles (3), Nuclear Astrophysics (4), High Spins-Large Deformations (8), Basic Interactions (9), Exotic Nuclei (10), Hybrid Systems (4), Theoretical Physics (28), Cellular Microanalysis by means of Nuclear Probes (3) and Technical Development (3). The main problems attacked at CENBG, established as orientations by scientific board of IN2P3 (CENBG is a UMR of Bordeaux-1 Univ. and CNRS-IN2P3) are the following: the research of Majorana/Dirac nature of neutrino (in the framework of NEMO Experiment) in relation with the problem of origin of mass in the Universe and the cosmological puzzle of dark matter, the investigation of the origin of high energy (20 to 200 GeV) cosmic radiation (in the framework of CELESTE ...

ScienceCinema

...of this article he quotes um i am told by my english ...

CERN Document Server

Recent experimental results in direct dark matter detection may be interpreted in terms of a dark matter particle of mass around 10 GeV/c^2. We show that the required scenario can be realized with a new dark matter particle charged under an extra abelian gauge boson Z' that couples to quarks but not leptons. This is possible provided the Z' gauge boson is very light, around 10-20 GeV/c^2 in mass, and the gauge coupling constant is small, alpha' ~ 10^(-5). Such scenarios are not constrained by accelerator data.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Features of deep inelastic nuclear reactions proceeding on dense fluctuations of nuclear matter (fluctons) are briefly considered. Fluctons, which can be many-quark bags or drops of quark-gluon plasma, are studied. Their properties are discussed, viz., characteristic parameters of nuclear matter inside a flucton - temperature and density close to the critical values for a phase transition. These values can be reached or exceeded if the flucton-flucton collision events are separated. The separation method is discussed

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Recovery of soil organic matter, organic matter turnover and mineral nutrient cycling is critical to the success of rehabilitation schemes following major ecosystem disturbance. We investigated successional changes in soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass and activity, C utilisation efficiency and N cycling dynamics in a chronosequence of seven ages (between 0 and 26 years old) of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest rehabilitation that had been previously mined for bauxite. Recovery was assessed by comparison of rehabilitation soils to non-mined jarrah forest references sites. Mining operations resulted in significant losses of soil total C and N, microbial biomass C and microbial quotients. Organic matter quantity recovered within the rehabilitation chronosequence soils to a level co...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The spectrum of antiprotons from dark matter annihilation are calculated using the Lund Monte Carlo program, and simple analytic expressions for the spectrum and low-energy antiproton/proton ratio are derived. Comparing the results with recent upper limits on low energy antiprotons, it is concluded that the reported 4-13 GeV antiproton flux cannot be accounted for by dark matter annihilation. The new upper limits do not provide useful constraints on dark matter particles. They restrict the annihilation rate and imply that annihilation gamma ray and e(+) fluxes would be far below the fluxes produced by cosmic-ray collisions. It may be possible to look for a dark matter halo annihilation signal at antiprotons energies below 0.5 GeV, where the flux from cosmic-ray collisions is expected to be negligible. 32 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper summarizes studies on the water treatment by adsorption, as for the adsorption during water treatment, reactivation of activated charcoal, and clarification of heating process. Reactivation of activated charcoal for the water treatment is carried out through drying in the heating furnace. Basic problems are the recovery degree of adsorption performance of reactivated activated charcoal and the recovery yield. Behavior of the activated charcoal in the heating reactivation furnace is divided into three stages including drying process, heating process, and gasification process. Among these processes, behaviors of organic matters during heating process are described. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were conducted for activated charcoals adsorbing various organic matters in aqueous solutions. Three types of organic matters were classified from the TGA pattern, i.e., organic matters with ...

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Statoil is operating an increasing number of offshore and onshore pipelines in the North Sea area and elsewhere. Cathodic protection is a significant part of the corrosion management for these lines and we have collected a significant amount of experience with respect to design and operation of the systems. This paper deals with our comprehensive program for the onshore cathodic protection systems and the various challenges in different countries with respect to technical matters, such as operating conditions and different terrain. Generally, the systems are based on automatically controlled rectifier systems with a wide range of current drainage and very comprehensive monitoring of potentials and current flowing. The use of coupons, polarisation cells and buried reference cells are essential, as well as the use of intensive measurements along the route. The use of online monitoring of selected test posts and all rectifier units is considered ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy from biomass is a CO{sub 2} neutral, sustainable form of energy. Anaerobic digestion is an established technology for converting biomass to biogas, which contains around 60% methane, besides CO{sub 2} and various contaminants. Most types of biomass contain material that cannot be digested; in woody biomass, this portion is particularly high. Therefore, conventional anaerobic digestion is not suited for the production of biogas from woody biomass. While wood is already being converted to energy by conventional thermal methods (gasification with subsequent methanation), dung, manure, and sewage sludge represent types of biomass whose energy potential remains largely untapped (present energetic use of manure in Switzerland: 0.4%). Conventional gas phase processes suffer from a low efficiency due to the high water content of the feed (enthalpy of vaporization). An alternative technology is the hydrothermal gasification: the water contained within the biomass serves as reaction ...

CERN Document Server

Statistical Analysis of Designed Experiments

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Many countries which do not produce oil are rich with other sources of energy that are not fully utilised, such as tar sand, oil shale and olive cake. Limited previous work was done on producing carbonaceous matter and separating volatile matter from combinations of tar sand, oil shale and olive cake. In this study, a process is designed and tested to produce carbonaceous matter from combinations of three materials mentioned above. Results indicate that the process is successful in producing carbonaceous matter. The minimum temperatures to achieve complete carbonisation was found to be 500degC for a minimum heating time of 1.5h. Carbonised materials were tested for their calorific values, which indicated a successful carbonisation process. The proposed process can be scaled up and automated, and is expected to be economically feasible. Moreover, the process allows for control of unwanted exiting ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The components with masses 32 and 64M _s_u_n, evolved with the matter mixing in the semiconvective zone and filling their Roche lobes, after the main-sequence evolution overflow their Roche lobes and lose matter during the first part of the helium core burning. After the overflow end, the components lose the matter by stellar wind. The components shrink in the nuclear timescale. At first, they have the blue supergiant character with anomalous CNO abundance, then - the Wolf-Rayet stars character.

CERN Document Server

We propose an X-ray mission called Xenia to search for decaying superweakly interacting Dark Matter particles (super-WIMP) with a mass in the keV range. The mission and its observation plan are capable of providing a major break through in our understanding of the nature of Dark Matter (DM). It will confirm, or reject, predictions of a number of particle physics models by increasing the sensitivity of the search for decaying DM by about two orders of magnitude through a wide-field imaging X-ray spectrometer in combination with a dedicated observation program. The proposed mission will provide unique limits on the mixing angle and mass of neutral leptons, right handed partners of neutrinos, which are important Dark Matter candidates. The existence of these particles is strongly motivated by observed neutrino flavor oscillations and the problem of baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In super-WIMP models, the details of the ...

Science.gov (United States)

as one of the first Materials Research Laboratories to be funded by the forerunner of DARPA. In 1972 funding was taken over by the National Science Foundation's Division of...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of the recommendation is to prevent, to detect, and to remove soiling of guide and retrating blades of steam turbines, e.g. on account of foreign matter in steam dissolved. (TK/LN).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo examine the extent to which the regional and neighborhood distribution of HIV in Tanzania is caused by the differential distribution of individual correlates...Full Text Available

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"Physics in America is at a crossroads and in crisis, just as humanity stands on the verge of great discoveries about the nature of matter and the universe, a panel from the National Academy of sciences concludes in a new report."

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

NEWTON's first law prohibits the coupling of free tachyons to ordinary matter, if it is interpreted as selection rule interdicting emission without change of the rest-mass of the emitting system.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In recent years increasing evidence is pointing toward white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. The present paper will provide an overview over the role of...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

FT-IR spectroscopic studies of major organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites using microscopic technique and comparison with terrestrial kerogen. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The erosion of rocks rich in organic matter typically leads to the complete mineralization of the organic material. However, in some cases, it is re-deposited to become a part of sediments once more. This process should be considered to be a part of global carbon cycle, possibly much more significant than assumed to-date. The research presented here aims to characterize re-worked organic matter occurring in post-glacial sediments of southern part of Poland, in the Oder river valley (the Racib?rz town region, Miocene, Pleistocene and Holocene age). Organic substances extracted from the sediments originated from organic matter that had resided in rocks eroded by glaciers. Sediments were sampled in two boreholes which sediments were correlated. Sediments were extracted and extracts analyzed w...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Governments are increasingly concerned to compare the quality and effectiveness of healthcare interventions but find this a complex matter. Crude hospital statistics can be dangerously misleading and...Full Text Available

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... mammography or on ultrasound but not found on physical examination, we consider them non-palpable or not ... lot of this. We send every patient for physical therapy, no matter what type of reconstruction we ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The existence of thresholds for toxicants is a matter of debate in chemical risk assessment and regulation. Current risk assessment methods are based on the assumption that, in the absence of sufficient...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As the nuclear world is changing, the non-proliferation and safeguard systems have to change along the global development. Nuclear security as well as safety must be involved in all phases. Thus, modernization of thinking is a must. State system of accounting for and control of nuclear material (SSAC) is a basis, but now it is time to move ahead. Safeguards is not any more only to verify the declared nuclear materials but it is to inform the international safeguards society transparently but confidentially about the nuclear fuel cycle related activities and trade, and to confirm that there are no undeclared activities related to the nuclear fuel cycle in the states. Only strong SSAC with enhanced capabilities, activities and rights can meet the demand. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is a threat that also urges cooperation at all levels. International, regional and state systems must work closely together, and there is need and space for everyone. State systems must step forward ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A summary of the off-gas behavior in the HARVEST pot vitrification process is presented. Experimental runs were carried out on 3 representative wastes (MAGNOX - thermal reactor, metal fuel, THORP - thermal oxide fuel and PFR - fast reactor oxide fuel) using 2 methods of feeding the glass-formers (slurry and crizzle). Materials were carried over from the vitrification vessel into the off-gas system by entrainment supplemented by volatilization. The main volatile elements were Ru, B, Cs. Some volatility was also shown by Na and Li. The overall behavior of the off-gas was consistent with the presence in it of 5 separate aerosols of particulate matter. Sources of entrainment gave rise to 3 aerosols, and a further 2 aerosols were formed as a result of chemical reaction (Ru) and condensation (Cs) proceses involving the volatile species. Entrainment was enhanced when the feed contained free alkali nitrate. The Ru volatility correlated directly with the amount of salt ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alter both oil crisis, of 1973 and 1979, a bad effect of the elevated costs and continuously increment of the oil prices was noted, for this reason, the interest for renewable energies sources widely available in developing countries was increased. All over the world, governments have formulated main objectives for energies savings and search for friendly technologies, taking into account the effects related with the environment. The imminent scarcity of fossil fuels has made humanity the rational use of primary energies, as a result of these; new plants with improved technology have been conceived taking into account energy savings and efficiency improvement. In this context, biomass gasification technologies are important, since they consist in techniques of parallel production of electricity and heat from just one fuel. This work consists in the development of a gasifier down draft of 100 kW for an internal combustion engine, which includes its sizing process and its energy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental study was performed to provide the combustion and emission characteristics resulting from fuel-reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion mode utilizing dual-fuel approach in a light-duty, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel injection of gasoline before intake valve opening (IVO) and early-cycle, direct injection of diesel fuel was used as the charge preparation and fuel blending strategy. In order to achieve the desired auto-ignition quality through the stratification of the fuel-air equivalence ratio ( ), blends of commercially available gasoline and diesel fuel were used. Engine experiments were performed at an engine speed of 2300rpm and an engine load of 4.3bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). It was found that significant reduction in both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) was realized successfully through the RCCI combustion mode even without ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Modern nuclear spectroscopy boosts the study of the nuclear matter towards extreme conditions: large excitation energies, high spins, and new nuclear species with unusual ratio between the numbers of neutrons and protons. One of the 'exotic' nuclear regions, practically not studied until now, is the upper part of the N=Z line, from about N#approx#Z#approx#36 to Sn-100, probably the heaviest bound nucleus with N=Z. These nuclei lie close to the proton-drip line. Due to their special composition, it is expected that their study will reveal some phenomena which are less encountered in the nuclei studied till now. In particular, of outstanding interest is the fact that these are the only nuclei which may provide information on the properties of the neutron-proton pairing forces. In spite of its large interest, this nuclear region is exceedingly difficult to reach with the present techniques. The lecture follows the latest results and efforts in the study of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The calibration of cylindrical detectors using different types of radioactive sources is a matter of routine. The most accurate method, that of experiment, is limited by several factors when the energy interval is broad, requiring a relatively large number of primary standards, implying considerable investment of money and time. Several other techniques can be used instead, including Monte Carlo simulations and semi-empirical methods. Calculations based on the first technique require good definition of the geometry and materials, including the dead layer and window thickness together with an accurate set of cross-sections. The second technique requires two different types of experimental input, the first being from use of sources emitting cascade {gamma} rays and the second from use of sources emitting isolated {gamma} rays in order to cover the wide energy range and provide coincidence-summing corrections, respectively. Here, we introduce a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Typical beam lines are comprised of an assembly of vacuum valves and shutters referred to as a ''front end'', optical elements to monochromatize, focus and split the photon beam, and an experimental area where a target sample is placed into the photon beam and data from the interaction is detected and recorded. Windows are used to separate sections of beam lines that are not compatible with storage ring ultra high vacuum. Some experimental beam lines share a common vacuum with storage rings. Sections of beam lines are only allowed to vent up to atmospheric pressure using pure nitrogen gas after a vacuum barrier is established to protect ring vacuum. The front end may only be bled up when there is no current in the machine. This is especially true on the VUV storage ring where for most experiments, windows are not used. For the shorter wavelength, more energetic photons of the x-ray ring, beryllium windows are used at various beam ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study aims to investigate the difference in the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with two classes of zwitterionic peptides, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC). Further experiments were performed on model membranes prepared from specific bacterial lipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Salmonella minnesota. The structure of the lipid-peptide aqueous dispersions was studied by small-and wide-angle X-ray diffraction during heating and cooling from 5 to 85 C. The lipids and peptides were mixed at lipid-to-peptide ratios 10-10000 (POPE and POPC) or 2-50 (LPS). All experiments were performed at synchrotron soft condensed matter beamline A2 in Hasylab at Desy in Hamburg, Germany. The phases were identified and the lattice parameters were calculated. Alamethicin and melittin interact in similar ways with the lipids. Pure POPC forms only lamellar phases. POPE forms lamellar phases at low ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The PAMELA (a Payload for Antimatter-Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) space mission has been launched on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15{sup th} 2006 from the Baikonur cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan. PAMELA is a particle spectrometer designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation with special focus on the investigation of the nature of dark matter, by mean of the measure of the cosmic-ray antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A compartment model, including removal of organic matter in a forest ecosystem, is developed to describe matter cycling and net CO{sub 2} flux of the ecosystem especially of managed forests. The model consists of five carbon stocks: atmosphere, foliage, woody matter, underground matter, and dead organic matter in the soil. Employing appropriate values of ecophysiological parameters in the model and simulation of man-made sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation forests shows that these forests have high growth potential with a maximum total phytomass of over 750 t ha{sup -1} in dry matter basis. When the typical pattern of thinning regime for sugi plantation forests in Japan is applied to the present model, the simulated forest biomass developments compare well with mensuration data from various forestry sites. The CO{sub 2} balance between the sugi forest ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loss of organic matter is one of the main forms of soil degradation in Mediterranean agricultural soils, and external sources of organic matter are required to improve soil properties. the two-phase centrifugation system in the olive-oil extraction industry produces a large amount of olive mill waste sludge (TPOMW) which can be used to add organic C to degraded soils. (Author)

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The correlation between baryon number and strangeness elucidates the nature of strongly interacting matter. This diagnostic can be extracted theoretically from lattice QCD calculations and experimentally from event-by-event fluctuations. The analysis of present lattice results above the critical temperature severely limits the presence of q{bar q} bound states, thus supporting a picture of independent (quasi)quarks. Details may be found in [1].

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigated the isotropic diffusion coefficient (D') and fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter (WM) during brain development, using an optimised diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) method with whole brain coverage in a clinically acceptable time. We images 52 children with no evident neurological abnormality (30 boys, 22 girls aged 1 day-16 years) using high-angle DTI with optimised temporal gradient performance. D' and FA were calculated in 10 regions of interest in white matter. We saw that the age-related reduction in D' and increase in FA follow a mono- or biexponential model in white matter, probably depending on the compactness and myelination rate of the fibre tracts. In contrast to other areas, in which adult values were reached during the third year, there is a trend to continuous increase in FA in all deep white-matter areas, suggesting continuing maturation and organisation of deep tracts ...

CERN Document Server

In this work we investigate the multivariate statistical description of the matter distribution in the nonlinear regime. We introduce the multivariate Edgeworth expansion of the lognormal distribution to model the cosmological matter field. Such a technique could be useful to generate and reconstruct three-dimensional nonlinear cosmological density fields with the information of higher order correlation functions. We explicitly calculate the expansion up to third order in perturbation theory making use of the multivariate Hermite polynomials up to sixth order. The probability distribution function for the matter field includes at this level the two-point, the three-point and the four-point correlation functions. We use the hierarchical model to formulate the higher order correlation functions based on combinations of the two-point correlation function. This permits us to find compact expressions for the skewness and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this letter we discuss the connection between so-called homoclinic chaos and the violation of energy conditions in locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type IX models, where the matter is assumed to be nontilted dust and a positive cosmological constant. We show that homoclinic chaos in these models is an artifact of unphysical assumptions: it requires that there exist solutions with positive matter energy density #rho#>0 that evolve through the singularity and beyond as solutions with negative matter energy density #rho#<0. Homoclinic chaos is absent when it is assumed that the dust particles always retain their positive mass. In addition, we discuss more general models: for solutions that are not locally rotationally symmetric we demonstrate that the construction of extensions through the singularity, which is required for homoclinic chaos, is not possible in general.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The early Miocene Pedregoso Formation is one of the numerous formations rich in organic matter within the stratigraphic record of the Urumaco Trough, in the central area of the Falcon Basin. Due to its lithological characteristics and stratigraphic position, this formation is of great interest regarding the basin's petroliferous systems. The evaluation of various inorganic and organic geochemical parameters indicates that the organic matter is primarily of marine origin, deposited in a marine carbonate environment typical of reefal systems, under oxic-to-dysoxic conditions. The low variability in the TOC concentrations and in the distributions of the biomarkers extracted from the samples suggests that the paleoenvironmental conditions and the organic-matter supply remained approximately co...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Patient decision support systems have a promising role in the delivery of health care. However, the best approach for further development of these systems is a matter of speculation. To help chart a...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We calculated the energies of asymmetric nuclear matter at zero and finite temperatures with the cluster variational method. At zero temperature, the expectation value of the two-body Hamiltonian composed of the kinetic energies and the AV18 two-body forces is calculated with the Jastrow wave function in the two-body cluster approximation. The obtained two-body energy is in good agreement with the result with the Fermi Hypernetted Chain (FHNC) calculation by Akmal et al. The energy caused by the UIX three-body forces is treated somewhat phenomenologically so that the total energy reproduces the empirical saturation point. Furthermore, the parameters included in the three-body energy are readjusted so that the Thomas-Fermi (TF) calculations with use of the obtained energy of nuclear matter reproduce the gross feature of the experimental data on atomic nuclei. The nuclear species in the neutron star crust obtained by the TF calculation are ...

CERN Document Server

In a recent paper by Hooper and Goodenough, data from the Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope was analyzed and an excess of gamma rays was found in the emission spectrum from the Galactic Center Region. Hooper and Goodenough show that the excess can be well explained by 7-10 GeV annihilating dark matter with a power law density profile if the dark matter annihilates predominantly to tau pairs. In this paper we present such a dark matter model by extending the MSSM to include four Higgs doublets and one scalar singlet. A Z2 symmetry is imposed that enforces a Yukawa structure so that the up quarks, down quarks, and leptons each receive mass from a distinct doublet. This leads to an enhanced coupling of scalars to leptons and allows the model to naturally achieve the required phenomenology in order to explain the gamma ray excess. Our model yields the correct dark matter thermal relic density and avoids collider ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Biomass fuel burning leads to high levels of suspended particulate matter and hazardous chemicals in the indoor environment in countries where it is in common use, contributing significantly to indoor...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe optimal treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is still a matter of debate. This study assessed the outcome of LRRC patients treated with multimodality...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is proven that there do not exist any diagonal Bianchi type-IX universes which expand for an infinite time, provided only that the matter satisfies the dominant energy condition and has non-negative average principal pressures.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Objective:We examine the extent to which body weight affects three types of perceived interpersonal mistreatment, and evaluate whether these patterns vary by race,...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Weak lensing measurements are entering a precision era to statistically map the distribution of matter in the universe. The most common measurement has been of the variance of the projected surface density of matter, which corresponds to the induced correlation in alignments of background galaxies. This measurement of the fluctuations is insensitive to the total mass content, like using waves on the ocean to measure its depths. But when the depth is shallow as happens near a beach, waves become skewed. Similarly, a measurement of skewness in the projected matter distribution directly measures the total matter content of the universe. While skewness has already been convincingly detected, its constraint on cosmology is still weak. We address optimal analyses for the CFHT Legacy Survey in the presence of noise. We show that a compensated Gaussian filter with a width of 2.5 arc minutes optimizes the ...

Science.gov (United States)

This report is designed to cover the overall Operation Castle radiological safety matters from the viewpoint of those issues of direct concern to Headquarters, Joint Task Force Seven. It was written for the express purpose of assisting in the development ...

Science.gov (United States)

In order to understand how matter 15 billion years ago in the form of quarks, gluons and leptons at a temperature of 2 (times) 10(sup 12) (degrees)K evolved to become today's Universe, the goal of relativistic and ultra-relativistic heavy ion physics is t...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The major neuropathological correlate of cerebral palsy in premature infants is periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a disorder of the immature cerebral white matter. Cerebral ischemia leading...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Main features of star evolution are recalled. Then the general structure of white dwarf stars is examined. From the equation of state of an electron gas completely degenerated are deduced: mechanical equilibrium, Viriel theorem, mass-radius relationship and Chandrasekhar limit. These results are applied to neutron stars.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Data from 8,032 Manitoba respondents to the 1996/97 Canadian National Population Health Survey were linked to the 1996 census to study whether measures of morbidity, both self-reported and objectively...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The importance of algal and detrital food supplies to the planktonic food web of a highly disturbed, estuarine ecosystem was evaluated in response to declining zooplankton and fish populations. We assessed...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The tendency for some individuals to partake in high-risk behaviors (eg, substance abuse, gambling, risky sexual activities) is a matter of great public health concern, yet the characteristics and neural...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

...2010-10-01 false Department of Energy Directives. 970.0470 Section...Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AGENCY SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS ...Matters 970.0470 Department of Energy...

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Language: English ...

CERN Document Server

Big Bang experiment given green light

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We have investigated the effect of the rho tensor coupling on binding energies, matter root-mean-square radii and spin orbit splittings of Ca isotopes in the relativistic mean-field theory with sigma, omega, and rho mesons. It is shown that binding energies and matter root-mean-square radii are insensitive to an alteration in the strength of the rho tensor coupling and an explanation of this is given. We have further shown that inclusion of the rho tensor coupling will give isospin-dependent spin-orbit splittings and this will greatly affect spin-orbit splittings of nuclei near the neutron drip line. (author). Letter-to-the-editor.

CERN Document Server

We perform a detailed phase-space analysis of various phantom cosmological models, where the dark energy sector interacts with the dark matter one. We examine whether there exist late-time scaling attractors, corresponding to an accelerating universe and possessing dark energy and dark matter densities of the same order. We find that all the examined models, although accepting stable late-time accelerated solutions, cannot alleviate the coincidence problem, unless one imposes a form of fine-tuning in the model parameters. It seems that interacting phantom cosmology cannot fulfill the basic requirement that led to its construction.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of and emission factors for the air-polluting matters sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (esp. benz(a)pyrene), aldehyde and soot with regard to natural gas, excluding process furnaces, are dealt with. The comparison with other fuels indicates that only as to nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are emission factors equal in order of magnitude. As a summary measure of all air-polluting matters the emission index as proposed already in 1972 is applied. It shows emissions with single-room furnaces for heating oil EL to be six times as high as with natural gas; with black-coal briquettes the factor is at least 33, with wood chimneys about 200.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The concentrates of scattered organic matter???kerogen-like polymer, which is insoluble in acids and organic solvents???were isolated from rock samples taken at different depths from various stratigraphic units at the productive deposits of the Orenburg oil-gas condensate field using chemical methods. The chemical composition of the kerogen-like polymer and the concentrations of trace elements in it were studied. The regularities of evolutionary changes in the composition of the organic matter and the concentrations of trace elements in it in the order of the kerogen-like polymer and the following its consecutive derivatives were established: asphaltenes, ethanol-benzene tars, benzene tars, oils, and paraffins

Science.gov (United States)

Lecture notes (pdf) on Ceramics is part of a physics course on the properties of matter from the University of Auckland, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering. The following topics are covered: types of chemical bonding, degree of ionic character, structure of ceramics and crystallography, interstitial sites in different crystal structures, silicate structures, glasses, glass transition temperature, glass viscosity, thermal and mechanical properties of ceramics and glasses, fracture properties of ceramics and processing of ceramic materials. Keywords: ionic bonds; covalent bonds; coordination numbers; thermal shock; grain growth; sintering; green body

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A noninvasive, simplified method using inhalation of stable xenon (Xe{sup s}) and computed tomographic (CT) scanning to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional partition coefficient (r{lambda}) is described. Twenty-four patients with cerebrovascular occlusive disease and six volunteer controls inhaled 30% Xe{sup s} and 70% oxygen for 180 seconds and exhaled for 144 seconds during serial CT scanning without denitrogenation. The end-tidal Xe{sup s} concentration was continuously monitored with a thermoconductivity analyzer to determine the build-up range (A value) and build-up rate constant (K value) for arteries with the curve fitting method. The time-CT number (Hounsfield unit) curve for cerebral tissue during the Xe{sup s} washin and washout phases was used to calculate r{lambda} and rCBF using least squares curve fitting analysis. The resultant r{lambda} and rCBF map demonstrated a reliable distribution between the gray and white matter, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ulrich in the forward to the Zenger and Folkman (2002) book, ''The Extraordinary Leader'', wrote about the importance of character in leadership stating, ''Everything about great leaders radiates from character. Character improves the probability of exhibiting strong interpersonal skill. Some of this perceived character is innate . . . but more is driven by the leader's self-awareness and interactions with others'' (p. ix). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between leadership effectiveness and character using leader-managers of knowledge workers as the subject sample. Findings indicated that character, particularly those factors associated with honesty, setting the example, and valuing and strengthening others, were what set the most effective leader-managers apart from their peers. Technical competence and self-efficacy were found to be common characteristics of the study sample as ...

Science.gov (United States)

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk, brain vulnerability, and clinical symptoms. The ZNF804A risk variant, rs1344706, confers susceptibility for both disorders. This study aimed to identify neural mechanisms common to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through this variant's potential effects on cortical thickness, white matter tract integrity, and cognitive function. Imaging, genetics, and cognitive measures were ascertained in 62 healthy adults aged between 18 and 59 years. High-resolution multimodal MRI/DTI imaging was used to measure cortical thickness and major frontotemporal and interhemispheric white matter tracts. The general linear model was used to examine the influence of the ZNF804A rs1344706 risk variant on cortical thickness, white matter tract integrity, and cognitive measures. Individuals homozygous for the risk variant ('A' allele) demonstrated reduced cortical gray ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:15343431

KoreaScience (Korea)

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No abstract prepared

CERN Document Server

Dynamic system identification

CERN Document Server

The Last Unknown Neutrino Mixing Angle $\\theta_{13}$ and the Daya Bay Experiment

CERN Document Server

Within the context of space-time (D-particle) foam in string/brane-theory it is demonstrated that it is possible to generate non-extensive statistics. The D-particle foam model involves point-like brane defects (D-particles), which provide the topologically non-trivial foamy structures of space-time. The D-particles can capture and emit stringy matter and this leads to a recoil of D-particles. It is indicated how one effect of such a recoil of D-particles is a back reaction on the space-time metric of Finsler type which is stochastic. We show that such a type of stochastic space-time foam can lead to cosmological effects similar to those induced by modifications of particle distributions within the framework of Tsallis entropies. The restrictions placed on the free parameters of the Finsler type metric are obtained from solving the Boltzmann equation in this background for relic abundances of a Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) dark matter ...

CERN Document Server

We study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect potentially generated by relativistic electrons injected from dark matter (DM) annihilation or decay in the Galaxy, and check whether it could be observed by Planck or ALMA, or even imprint the current CMB data as e.g. the specific fluctuation excess claimed from an recent re-analysis of the WMAP-5 data. We focus on high-latitude regions to avoid contamination of the Galactic astrophysical electron foreground, and consider the annihilation or decay coming from the smooth DM halo as well as from subhalos, further extending our analysis to a generic modeling of spikes arising around intermediate-mass-black-holes (IMBHs). We show that all these dark Galactic components are unlikely to produce any observable SZ effect. For a self-annihilating DM particle of 10 GeV with canonical properties, the largest optical depth we find is $\\tau_e \\lesssim 10^{-7}$ for massive isolated subhalos hosting IMBHs. We conclude that dark ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, the combustible value (i.e. 100-Ash) and combustible recovery of coal flotation concentrate were predicted by regression and artificial neural network based on proximate and group macerals analysis. The regression method shows that the relationships between (a) in (ash), volatile matter and moisture (b) in (ash), in (liptinite), fusinite and vitrinite with combustible value can achieve the correlation coefficients (R{sup 2}) of 0.8 and 0.79, respectively. In addition, the input sets of (c) ash, volatile matter and moisture (d) ash, liptinite and fusinite can predict the combustible recovery with the correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.63, respectively. Feed-forward artificial neural network with 6-8-12-11-2-1 arrangement for moisture, ash and volatile matter input set was capable to estimate both combustible value and combustible recovery with correlation of 0.95. It was shown that the proposed neural ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To systematically analyze the dynamical implications of the matter content in cosmology, we generalize earlier dynamical systems approaches so that perfect fluids with a general barotropic equation of state can be treated. We focus on locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type IX and Kantowski-Sachs orthogonal perfect fluid models, since such models exhibit a particularly rich dynamical structure and also illustrate typical features of more general cases. For these models, we recast Einstein's field equations into a regular system on a compact state space, which is the basis for our analysis. We prove that models expand from a singularity and recollapse to a singularity when the perfect fluid satisfies the strong energy condition. When the matter source admits Einstein's static model, we present a comprehensive dynamical description, which includes the qualitative asymptotic behavior, of models in the neighborhood of the Einstein model; the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different oxygenated compounds, diglyme, diethyl maleate and dibutyl maleate, on emissions from a Volkswagen 1.9 litre, turbocharged, direct injection diesel engine. Sampling was performed using a mini-dilution tunnel technique to obtain particulate matter and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer for gaseous emissions. The particulate samples were analysed using thermal analysis and Soxhlet extraction to determine the fraction of volatile and soluble organic material respectively. All three oxygenated compounds were found to be effective at reducing particulate emissions, with the maleate compounds being more effective overall than the diglyme. Analysis of the relative contributions of changes in the soot and soluble organic fraction (SOF) to the reduction of particulate matter indicated that, for diethyl maleate and diglyme, reductions in soot were the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The consequences of converting a facility from brown coal fuel to gas fuel were analyzed by model simulation. Treated were a district heating plant with an output of 700 TJ/yr and minor local heating sources (stoves) at a density of 1 family house per 100 m"2. Emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons before and after the conversion are given for the two types of source. Conversion of a major air pollution source to gas fuel would result in a reduction of the contribution of sulfur dioxide emissions of the order of 10"-"4, of particulate matter and carbon monoxide of the order of 10"-"3, and of hydrocarbons of the order of 10"-"2. The decrease will be lowest for nitrogen oxides, viz. about 40%. Analogous data for local heating sources in towns would be 10"-"5 for sulfur dioxide, 10"-"4 for particulate matter, 10"-"3 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and roughly ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is proposed to extract, independently of any nuclear model, the "4"0Ca matter density from an analysis of the elastic scattering of "1"6"6 MeV alpha particles. The scattering is described using an optical potential whose real part is evaluated by folding the matter density with a nucleon-alpha interaction. Following the procedure proposed by Sick (Nucl. Phys. A; 218: 509 (1974)) and Phys. Lett.; 44B; 62 (1975)) for the analysis of electron scattering data, the density is represented by a sum of gaussians whose amplitudes are deduced in fitting, via a chi"2 minimization, the experimental cross section data. This method determines the envelope of densities for different parameters of gaussians: width, spacing. The envelope of the moments of these densities are presented and the root-mean-square radius is extracted. It is concluded that only the nuclear surface is well studied by the alpha particle scattering. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study analyzes argument in jury deliberations by using the Conversational Argument Coding Scheme (CACS) and the content of juror argument using Subject Matter Argument Assessment (SMAA) (Pettus, 1990). The main purpose is to illustrate how the two coding schemes can complement each other to provide rich yet systematic characterization of argument in jury deliberation. Jury deliberations drawn from In the Jury Room, a televised news series on jury deliberation, are coded and analyzed using CACS and SMAA. The researchers found that using two argument coding schemes is beneficial in learning about the types of arguments jurors make and the subject matter about which they argue. The study results are compared with findings from previous studies of juror argument behavior, suggestin...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High-resolution observations are presented of the 300-kpc jet in the giant radio galaxy NGC 6251. The width of the jet is resolved over most of its length, and the axis of the jet wiggles with an amplitude increasing linearly with distance from the nucleus. Polarization data are used to derive densities of cold matter in the jet and, from the argument that the jet must form the lobe in a time equal to the age of the lobe, the speed of the jet is estimated as c/20. The energetics of the jet are then dominated by the bulk flow along it of cold matter at a rate of 1 solar mass yr"-"1. The jet appears to be confined; the wiggle of its axis is probably due to oscillations of the direction of the collimator with a period of about 6 x 10"6 yr. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) predicts an inverse U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income. The literature with respect to the EKC is vast but far from conclusive. This paper adds firm size to the standard EKC reduced form regression and analyses whether firm size matters once income and composition are controlled for. Results suggest that large firm countries are initially associated with higher levels of environmental damage. However, as economies develop, large firm countries find it easier to adopt more stringent environmental legislation. Once environmental damage starts to decrease, the decrease is much larger in large firm countries.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mechanistic studies on a charged ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouled with natural organic matter (NOM) and colloidal particles are systematically investigated to understand the relative role of each NOM fraction and the presence of colloidal particulate to membrane fouling. Humic acid (HA), dextran, and kaolin were employed as surrogate model foulants representing the organic hydrophobic acid NOM, hydrophilic neutral NOM, and inorganic colloidal materials, respectively. The results obtained showed that the organic NOM of hydrophilic surrogate (dextran) plays a primary role in promoting membrane fouling, followed by hydrophobic acids and inorganic kaolin, but to a lesser extent than organic NOM compounds. Significant differences in the extent of fouling between dextran and HA have been obs...

Science.gov (United States)

Examinations of polished and dry cut sections of feed and tuyere coke revealed some possible mechanisms for the physical influence of mineral compounds on the reactivity and strength of coke. It was observed that rounded particles of mineral phases that are exposed to the pore walls and surface of coke at high temperature create an inorganic cover, thus reducing the surface available for gas-solid reactions. The particles of mineral matter that have a low melting point and viscosity can affect the coke at earlier stages in the blast furnace process, acting in the upper parts of the blast furnace (BF). The temperature-driven redistribution of mineral phases within the coke matrix probably leads to the creation of weak spots and in general to anisotropy in its properties, thus reducing its strength. 9 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

CERN Document Server

Dark Matter annihilation (DMA) may yield an excess of gamma rays and antimatter particles, like antiprotons and positrons, above the background from cosmic ray interactions. The excess of diffuse Galactic Gamma Rays from EGRET shows all the features expected from DMA. The new precise measurements of the antiproton and positron fractions from PAMELA are compared with the EGRET excess. It is shown that the charged particles are strongly dependent on the propagation model used. The usual propagation models with isotropic propagation models are incompatible with the recently observed convection in our Galaxy. Convection leads to an order of magnitude uncertainty in the yield of charged particles from DMA, since even a rather small convection will let drift the charged particles in the halo to outer space. It is shown that such anisotropic propagation models including convection prefer a contribution from DMA for the antiprotons, but the rise in the positron fraction, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study has confirmed large seasonal and daily variations of Rn in soil gas, developed models for the effects of temperature and moisture on air-water Rn partition, inhibited Rn diffusion from wet soil into sparse large air-filled pores and effects of diffusion into bedrock, demonstrated that organic matter is a major host for 226Ra in soils and that organic-bound Ra largely determines the proportion of 222Rn emanated to pore space, shown that in contrast 220Rn is emanated mainly from 224Ra in Fe-oxides, detected significant disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U in organic matter and in some recent glacial soils, demonstrated by computer models that air convection driven by temperature differences is expected in moderately permeable soils on hillsides.

CERN Document Server

We review various field theory approaches to the description of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and external fields. First we discuss a relativistic quantum mechanics based approach which involves the temporal evolution of massive neutrinos. To describe the dynamics of the neutrinos system we use exact solutions of wave equations in presence of an external field. It allows one to exactly take into account both the characteristics of neutrinos and the properties of an external field. In particular, we examine flavor oscillations an vacuum and in background matter as well as spin flavor oscillations in matter under the influence of an external electromagnetic field. Moreover we consider the situation of hypothetical nonstandard neutrino interactions with background fermions. In the case of ultrarelativistic particles we reproduce an effective Hamiltonian which is used in the standard quantum mechanical approach for the description of neutrino ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background, aim and scope Treatment performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) is largely dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater. Although livestock wastewater is readily biodegradable in general, its variety in biodegradability can still be significant in practice. In addition, it is a common practice to periodically use disinfectants in livestock activities for health concerns. Obviously, the residual of the disinfectants in livestock wastewater may have serious inhibitory effect on the microbial activities during wastewater treatment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the variety of livestock wastewater in biodegradability and its effect on the performance of a pilot scale tidal flow CWs (TFCWs) in organic matter and nitrogen removal. Furthermore, investig...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Composting of sawdust and paper mill sludge, using a 'Kneer' process reactor, was studied in an attempt to elaborate upon organic matter transformation during the process and to define parameters to measure the compost maturity level. Temperature, electron paramagnetic resonance data, ash and C, H, N and S contents, and a spectroscopic method using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) for alkaline (pH = 8.5) and solid samples was used to study the maturity of the compost samples. These parameters were measured in 6 humic acids extracted from the compost samples during 29 days. The results of this work show that the 'Kneer' process is efficient in transforming ligno-celulitic residues in a short time (29 days), into an organic fertilizer material with application perspectives (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is essential that alumina used for manufacturing electronic devices should contain an extremely low level of alpha-radiation. The principal source of alpha-radiation in alumina is uranium, a minor source being thorium. Uranium in bauxite dissolves into the liquor in the digestion process and is fixed to the red mud as the desilication reaction progresses. A part of uranium remaining in the liquor precipitates together with aluminum hydroxide in the precipitation process. The uranium content of aluminum hydroxide becomes lower as the precipitation velocity per unit surface area of the seed becomes slower. Organic matters in the Bayer liquor has an extremely significant impact on the uranium content of aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide free of uranium is obtainable from the liquor that does not contain organic matters.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The article deals with the effects of various hazardous materials in the working environment. Some of these may be detrimental to the safety and health of the worker. The absorption of hazardous substances by the human body is discussed, as well as the effects of toxic substances. The hazardous substances are classified into the following categories: irritants, asphyxiants, anaesthetics and narcotics, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, systemic poisons, hazardous particulate matter and the biotransformation of toxic substances. Examples of hazardous substances include: industrial solvents, fumes and vapours, lead, mercury and uranium.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We consider gauge theories in a string field theory-inspired formalism. The constructed algebraic operations lead, in particular, to homotopy algebras of the related Batalin-Vilkovisky theories. We discuss an invariant description of the gauge fixing procedure and special algebraic features of gauge theories coupled to matter fields.

Science.gov (United States)

Spectral absorption properties of total suspended matter (TSM) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are important for the use of the bio-optical model to estimate water quality parameters. This study aims to investigate the variation in the absorption coefficients of TSM and CDOM of inland waters. A total of 92 water samples were collected from Shitoukoumen Reservoir and Songhua Lake in Northeast China, analyzed for TSM and Chl-a, and measured for the absorption coefficient of TSM, CDOM and total pigments using a laboratory spectrophotometer. The absorption coefficient of TSM has been decomposed for phytoplankton and inorganic sediments. The results show that for Shitoukoumen Reservoir, CDOM has strong absorptions with shallow absorption slopes (i.e., the coefficient S in a(?)=a(?0)exp[-S(?- ?0)]) and large absorption at 355 nm; and for Songhua Lake, CDOM follows similar spectral absorption curves but less variation in the S value. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The investigations carried out on Alloy 800 in aqueous high-temperature environments in France as well as in other countries are reviewed. These studies are mainly concerned with nuclear industry where Alloy 800 can be used as structural material for steam generators of PWR, breeders or HTR. As results referred to in the literature on cracking in caustic environmens do not always agree, a discussion is presented on the matter. The behaviour of Alloy 800 in superheated steam is examined. (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aimed at post-graduate and post-doctoral researchers in geochemistry, this book reflects the rapid changes in the applications of radioactive and stable isotope analysis to a range of geological and geochemical problems. Isotropic chemistry and methods used in mass spectroscopy are discussed initially. The second section deals with radiometric dating methods. The role of isotopes in climate and environmental research is also explored. The book closes with a section on extra-terrestrial matter, geothermometry and the isotopic geochemistry of the Earth`s lithosphere. (UK).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigate the q-deformation of the BRST algebra, the algebra of the ghost, matter and gauge fields on one spacetime point using the result of the bicovariant differential calculus. There are two nilpotent operations in the algebra, the BRST transformation #delta#_B and the derivative d. We show that one can define the covariant commutation relations among the fields and their derivatives consistently with these two operations as well as the *-operation, the antimultiplicative inner involution. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is proven that there do not exist any Bianchi type-IX universes which expand for an infinite time, provided only that the matter satisfies the dominant energy condition and has non-negative average pressure (i.e., a non-negative trace of the spatial projection of the stress-energy tensor). This generalizes a proof recently given by us for the case of diagonal Bianchi type-IX solutions.

CERN Document Server

At the beginning of the seventies, physicists discovered a new scale in the matter structure. Protons and neutrons, components of the atomic nucleus, seemed to be constituted by even more elementar particles: the quarks. But while they seemed to move freely inside the protons, it was impossible to isolate one of these quarks. The Nobel Prize for physics rewarded the explanation of this phenomenon (3 pages)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed on a case of neuro-Behcet's syndrome. In accordance with the clinical signs, FDG PET (using /sup 18/F-labeled 2-F-2'-desoxyglucose) revealed disseminated storage defects in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Focal regions of enhanced signal intensity were demonstrated in the parietal white matter of the cerebrum in T2-weighted images and in the brain stem by MRI. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

This report is designed to cover the overall Operation Castle radiological safety matters from the viewpoint of those issues of direct concern to Headquarters, Joint Task Force Seven. It was written for the express purpose of assisting in the development of future radiological safety plans by presenting detailed discussion of the problems and solutions arising during Operation Castle. Included is a discussion of fallout forecasting techniques.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proper estimation of shipping emissions is essential for an impact assessment of shipping on air quality and health in port cities and coastal regions. In the Netherlands shipping is an important source of particulate matter. This report provides an internationally accessible and transparent summary and description of the methodologies used in the Netherlands Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) to estimate PM emissions from shipping, including recently implemented updates.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A number of interactions between magnetic fields and matter is reviewed. The resulting forces range in magnitude from the very large, obtained in high-energy fields, to the weak ones caused by the magnetostriction of ferromagnets. The fundamentals of these interactions are highlighted, and the examples discussed are forces on dipoles, particle alignment, magnetostrictive forces, magnetic forming, magnetic stirring, levitation melting, and magnetic pulsing of tool steels. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The etching method developed made it possible to observe under the microscope the finest components of the anatomical structure of coal-forming plants. The dependence of the effectiveness of etching of tissues on the concentrations of geopolymers (protocellulose and protolignin) in them was found. The study of tissues of this kind by the methods of local analysis (for example, X-ray microanalysis) allowed us to obtain the characteristics of the above geopolymers and to use them for the identification of the primary biochemical composition of fossil organic matter.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Effect of proton backscattering on inelastic pd-scattering is discussed in detail. The discussion was carried out on the basis of interaction mechanism if bombarding particle with flucton. It is noted that fluctons are assumed presently as time multiquark formations of nuclear matter with the size of nucleon size order and density above nucleon one. 35 refs., 10 figs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundStudies of chronic health effects due to exposures to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) are often limited by sparse...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUNDSeveral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and series have reported higher perioperative stroke and death rates for women...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundGene mutation is an important mechanism of myeloid leukemogenesis. However, the number and combination of gene mutated in myeloid malignancies is still a matter of investigation.MethodsWe...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

Canonical gravity in real Ashtekar-Barbero variables is generalized to allow for fermionic matter. The resulting torsion changes several expressions in Holst's original vacuum analysis, which are explicitly displayed here. This in turn requires adaptations to the known canonical (loop) quantization of gravity coupled to fermions, which is discussed on the basis of the classical analysis.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book presents the current knowledge about the effects of electromagnetic fields on living matter. The three-part format covers dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of biological materials; effects of direct current and low frequency fields; and effects of radio frequency (including microwave) fields. The parts are designed to be consulted independently or in sequence, depending upon the needs of the reader. Useful appendixes on measurement units and safety standards are also included.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The high nutrient nitrogen and organic matter contents of sewage sludge (SS) make it a potential organic fertilizer for sandy soil. In this study, "1"5N-labelled ammonium sulphate was used to investigate the availability of nitrogen from irradiated and non-irradiated sewage sludge to tomato plants. The application of sewage sludge to sandy soil increased dry matter production (DMP), nitrogen yield (NY) and nitrogen recovery (NR) over two successive years. A positive relationship was found between sludge application rate and DMP and NY. The increase was significantly higher (P=0.05) in irradiated than non-irradiated sewage sludge. Total nitrogen derived from non-irradiated sewage sludge are : 48.0, 63.7, 73.5, 105.2 Kg/ha, whereas, the total nitrogen derived from irradiated sewage sludge are: 55.1, 72.5, 88.9, 141.4 Kg/ha corresponding to application rates of 10 t/ha, 20 t/ha, 30 t/ha, respectively. This was attributed to higher dry ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The numerous types of plastic materials and their varying structures of use call for different recycling techniques. This situation is illustrated by the survey of the most important recycling methods. Depending on origin and type of plastic waste, not only different recycling methods have to be adopted, but the resulting recycling materials are also used for different purposes. Disintegration of thermoplastic particles and waste into granular matter and grains which can be directly reused is particularly important.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study examined the life histories of a group of emerging scholars in the field of mathematics education who identify themselves as having a particular interest in and concern for issues of equity and diversity. Experiences of being the "other," "bearing witness" to "othering experiences," and "orienting experiences" in relation to issues of equity proved to be prominent themes in participants' life histories. These experiences were then linked to the positionality that these scholars now have in relation to their research in mathematics education.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary The First Nations people of British Columbia experience reincarnation as a revitalization of their culture. This article documents the perseverance of reincarnation experiences among the Beaver, Witsuwit'en, and Gitxsan peoples of British Columbia, as well as my own growth in understanding such experiences. It recounts examples of rebirth cases. It explains what rebirth experiences mean to the First Nations people. It describes how these experiences are embedded in their perception of this world and embodied in their beliefs of spiritual realms, which include the interconnected and parallel worlds of fish and land animals, on this world and in spiritual dimensions. While the rebirth worldview contrasts with that of the Western scientific world, this is a worldview I have come to en...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Four experiments investigated the novel issue of learning to accommodate the coarticulated nature of speech. Experiment 1 established a co-articulatory mismatch effect for a set of vowel-consonant...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Two experiments are reported on the influence of cognitive aging on grammatical choice in language production. In both experiments, participants from two age-groups (young and old) produced...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finland has some 10 million hectares of peatland, accounting for almost a third of its total area. Macroclimatic conditions have varied in the course of the Holocene growth and development of this peatland, and with them the habitats of the peat-forming plants. Temperatures and moisture conditions have played a significant role in determining the dominant species of mire plants growing there at any particular time, the resulting mire types and the accumulation and deposition of plant remains to form the peat. While in a natural state the mires of Finland have functioned as carbon dioxide sinks throughout the post-glacial period, but the ditching of peatland for forestry and agriculture, amounting to some 5,7 million hectares in Finland, has affected their water balance, especially over the last hundred years, and has thereby altered the quantity and species composition of the mire vegetation. The invasion of trees and woody plants to replace the typical mire plants following ditching ...

CERN Document Server

Observations of redshift-space distortions in spectroscopic galaxy surveys offer an attractive method for measuring the build-up of cosmological structure, which depends both on the expansion rate of the Universe and our theory of gravity. Galaxies occupy dark matter halos, whose redshift space clustering has a complex dependence on bias that cannot be inferred from the behavior of matter. We identify two distinct corrections on quasilinear scales (~ 30-80 Mpc/h): the non-linear mapping between real and redshift space positions, and the non-linear suppression of power in the velocity divergence field. We model the first non-perturbatively using the scale-dependent Gaussian streaming model, which we show is accurate at the 10 (s>25) Mpc/h for the monopole (quadrupole) halo correlation functions. We use perturbation theory to predict the real space pairwise halo velocity statistics. Our fully analytic model is accurate at the 2 per cent level ...

CERN Document Server

We analyse how the structure of the inner curst is influenced by the pairing correlations. The inner-crust matter, formed by nuclear clusters immersed in a superfluid neutron gas and ultra-relativistic electrons, is treated in the Wigner-Seitz approximation. The properties of the Wigner-Seitz cells, i.e., their neutron to proton ratio and their radius at a given baryonic density, are obtained from the energy minimization at beta equilibrium. To obtain the binding energy of baryonic matter we perform Skyrme-HFB calculations with zero-range density-dependent pairing forces of various intensities. We find that the Wigner-Seitz cells have much smaller numbers of protons compared to previous calculations. For the dense cells the binding energy of the configurations with small proton numbers do not converge to a well-defined minimum value which precludes the determination of their structure. We show that for these cells there is a significant ...

CERN Multimedia

If you missed the ARTE programme entitled "L'Ultime Particule" broadcast in February, you have another chance to catch it in CERN's Main Auditorium on 13 March. "L'Ultime Particule" is a documentary by the French director Michel Andrieu that seeks to explain particle physics through a contemplative quest for the research physicists of matter of today and yesteryear. Invariably kitted out in a red parka and a soft hat, the programme's investigator scours the planet and the archives in search of the research physicists who are stalking the ultimate particle, the Higgs boson, in their quest to understand the structure of matter. Naturally enough, CERN is an important stage of his journey where Michel Andrieu and his team spent several days last year. Both from the physics and metaphysical points of view, "L'Ultime Particule" is worth seeing. The film's director, Michel Andrieu, will introduce his documentary and answer questions from the audience ...

CERN Document Server

We study the evolution of an isolated, spherical halo of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) in the gravothermal fluid formalism. We show that the thermal relaxation time, $t_r$, of a SIDM halo with a central density and velocity dispersion of a typical dwarf galaxy is significantly shorter than its age. We find a self-similar solution for the evolution of a SIDM halo in the limit where the mean free path between collisions, $\\lambda$, is everywhere longer than the gravitational scale height, $H$. Typical halos formed in this long mean free path regime relax to a quasistationary gravothermal density profile characterized by a nearly homogeneous core and a power-law halo where $\\rho \\propto r^{-2.19}$. We solve the more general time-dependent problem and show that the contracting core evolves to sufficiently high density that $\\lambda$ inevitably becomes smaller than $H$ in the innermost region. The core undergoes secular collapse to a singular state (the ...

CERN Document Server

Recent measurements of cosmic ray leptons by PAMELA, ATIC, HESS and Fermi revealed interesting excesses. Many authors suggested particle Dark Matter (DM) annihilations could be at the origin of these effects. In this paper, we critically assess this interpretation by reviewing some results questioning the naturalness and robustness of such an interpretation. Natural values for the DM particle parameters lead to a poor leptons production so that models often require signal enhancement effects that we constrain here. Considering DM annihilations are likely to produce antiprotons as well, we use the PAMELA antiproton to proton ratio measurements to constrain a possible exotic contribution. We also consider the possibility of an enhancement due to a nearby clump of DM. This scenario appears unlikely when compared to the state-of-the-art cosmological N-body simulations. We conclude that the bulk of the observed signals most likely has no link with DM and is rather a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool in the radiologic diagnosis of diseases of the brain as it measures molecular motion of water that characterizes the microstructure of tissues. Its most important clinical use to date is the early detection of cerebral ischemia by revealing the ischemic injury shortly after vessel occlusion and simultaneously providing therapy-relevant information on the tissue at risk. Furthermore, diffusion MRI is diagnostically promising in other diseases of the brain and is thus increasingly becoming part of routine clinical protocols in the diagnosis of tumors, inflammation, trauma, demyelination, dysmyelination and neurodegeneration. Although abnormalities of diffusion are generally not pathognomonic, diffusion MRI affords information about tissue changes for specific disorders that complements information obtained with standard MR techniques and frequently shows pathology earlier. In addition, diffusion MRI can be applied to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mechanisms that govern transport, accumulation and toxicity of persistent pollutants at interfaces in aquatic ecosystems were the foci of this thesis. Specific attention was paid to humic substances, their occurrence, composition, and role in exchange processes across interfaces. It was concluded that: The composition of humic substances in aquatic surface microlayers is different from that of the subsurface water and terrestrial humic matter. Levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the aquatic surface microlayer reflect the DOC levels in the subsurface water. While the levels and enrichment of DOC in the microlayer generally show small variations, the levels and enrichment of particulate organic carbon (POC) vary to a great extent. Similarities exist between aquatic surface films, artificial semi-permeable and biological membranes regarding their structure and functioning. Acidification and liming of freshwater ecosystems affect DOC:POC ratio and humic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pre-stacking depth migration treatment is studied for the estimation of the fold configuration from seismic survey cross sections. The estimation of a velocity structure is necessary for the execution of such treatment, and the utilization of structural-geological knowledge is required for its interpretation. The concept of balanced cross section in relation to the fault-bend fold constructs a stratum structure model under conditions that the deformation during fold and fault formation is a planar strain, that there is no change in volume due to deformation, and that a fold is a parallel fold. In addition to the above geometric and kinetic approach, there is another fold formation process simulation model using a Newtonian fluid for study from the viewpoint of dynamics. This simulation stands on the presumption that the boundary contains a ramp that had been in presence before fold formation and that an incompressible viscous matter is mounted on the top surface. ...

CERN Document Server

We propose to use alternative cosmic tracers to measure the dark energy equation of state and the matter content of the Universe [w(z) & Omega_m]. Our proposed method consists of two components: (a) tracing the Hubble relation using HII galaxies which can be detected up to very large redshifts, z~4, as an alternative to supernovae type Ia, and (b) measuring the clustering pattern of X-ray selected AGN at a median redshift of z~1. Each component of the method can in itself provide interesting constraints on the cosmological parameters, especially under our anticipation that we will reduce the corresponding random and systematic errors significantly. However, by joining their likelihood functions we will be able to put stringent cosmological constraints and break the known degeneracies between the dark energy equation of state (whether it is constant or variable) and the matter content of the universe and provide a powerful and alternative ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wastewater from a food-manufacturing plant with a low concentration of organic matter was treated at 37 centigrade in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor or in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. As the influent TOC (total organic carbon) concentration decreased, the TOC removal efficiency in these reactors decreased from 85% to 65%. The concentration of suspended solids in the effluent could be reduced to 20 mg/l, which corresponded to 7% of that in the influent. The effluent from both reactors was treated aerobically in a fixed-bed reactor. The TOC concentration and optical density of effluent from the aerobic treatment were reduced to 5 mg/l and 0.005, respectively. When the effluent treated anaerobically or aerobically was passed over an activated carbon column, the effluent TOC concentration was reduced to 2 to 3 mg/l. The conductivity in raw wastewater was remarkably reduced on an ion-exchange resin column. Ultra-pure water for industrial use was obtained by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study on brain CT was made in 20 cases of typical endemic cretinism and 15 cases of normal persons. These patients from severely iodine deficient area were diagnosed as neurological endemic cretinism characterized by severe mental retardation with impairment of hearing, speech, neuromotor, etc. to varying degrees. The brain CT showed that there were many and deep depressions in cerebral cortex, especially in frontal and parietal lobes of some cretins, the lateral ventricle system was dilated, particularly in posterior part of it, and the interhemisphere fissure, lateral fissure and subarachnoid cisterns were also expanded. The CT value of cortex was higher and white matter was lower than that of normal persons. In some severe cases, the two hemispheres of brain were not the same in size. These findings above indicated that these endemic cretins had a severe retardation of brain development including cerebral cortex and white matter. In ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21305303

Science.gov (United States)

... above. In the initial round of experiments, the venom of Dendroaspis augustepsis was tested for its actions on neuromuscular transmission. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is designed to study the disappearance of antineutrinos from the Daya Bay nuclear power plant in China. The goal of this experiment is to measure the remaining unknown neutrino mixing parameter ?13 with high precision: sin2(2?13)<0.01. The experiment is presently under construction and it is anticipated that data acquisition will begin in 2011.

CERN Multimedia

It was in the intersection I-6 that the experiment R603 was located

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

CERN Document Server

First test with new ASACUSA trap show promise for future antihydrogen beam experiments.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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The author resumes what is actually known about the behaviour of war projectiles in the target (wound ballistics). This is function of their nature, their velocity, their air trajectory. The difference between lesions due to slow moving bullets and these due to projectiles with a high kinetic energy is outlined. The last ones create, through the temporary cavitation effect, lesions at distance from the residual visible tract, particularly in the vascular conduits. The therapeutic conclusions, which derive from those ballistic behaviours, are briefly described in matter of repair of vascular war injuries [Acta chir. belg., 1982, 82, 457-461]. PMID:7148288

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of the rate of heat transfer, enhanced by electroconvection, between two parallel plates have been carried out. Results show that the non-dimensional heat flux, or the Nusselt number, increases when an electric field acts on an injected space charge within the insulating liquid. The motion of the liquid depends on the electrical forces (Coulomb force) and the buoyancy effects have little or no influence. This is evident from steady state and time dependent results which show that for a given voltage, the Nusselt number takes the same value no matter what the flux of heat supplied to the bottom plate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An equation of state of neutron star matter with strange baryons has been obtained. The effects of the strength of hyperon-hyperon interactions on the equations of state constructed for the chosen parameter sets have been analysed. Numerous neutron star models show that the appearance of hyperons is connected with the increasing density in neutron star interiors. The performed calculations have indicated that a change of the hyperon-hyperon coupling constants affects the chemical composition of a neutron star. The obtained numerical hyperon star models exclude a large population of strange baryons in the star interior.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article examines the potential threat of marine pollution caused by offshore oil and gas development activities in the disputed areas of the South China Sea (SCS) and the Spratly Islands. After addressing the potential threat of marine pollution, it discusses the legal obligations and political commitment of the SCS littoral states regarding the protection of the marine environment in the area. The role that Taiwan can play in these matters is also examined.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper we discuss the supersymmetric tachyon and its applications. Both unitary and non-unitary representations for the superalgebra are examined. If we abandon the standpoint that any elementary particle in relativistic quantum theory must be described by unitary irreducible representations of the Poincare algebra or the superalgebra, then we can construct the supersymmetric invariant action for supersymmetric tachyons. The scalar neutrino's mass is lighter than the photino's mass if the neutrino is the tachyon, and the photon is a massless particle in the simplest supersymmetry-breaking model. There is a possibility that the cold dark matter consists of scalar neutrinos.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-resolution spectroscopy of 13 bright red giants and Ba stars shows selective enhancement of Ba in three of them, HD 65699 (Ba 2), ..cap alpha..TrA (K4 III), and epsilonPeg (K2 Ib). Infrared spectra available for HD 65699 show that Sr is enhanced, too. This selective enhancement is discussed in terms of a modified s-process which converts some of the pre-existing r- and s-process matter into the magic nuclei /sup 88/Sr and /sup 138/Ba.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The polarized triple-axis spectrometer TASP at SINQ has been optimized for measuring magnetic cross sections in condensed matter. The neutrons are polarized or analyzed either by means of benders or Heusler monochromators. The beam divergence, i.e. the intensity, and the spectral range of the neutrons is rather large because of the supermirror coatings of the feeding neutron guide. The intensity can be further increased at the sample position by means of a focussing monochromator and a focussing anti-trumpet. The end position of TASP allows the tailoring of the neutron beam already before the monochromator and to scatter neutrons over very wide ranges of angles. (author) 6 figs., 1 tab., 8 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A ''coherent flucton'' nuclear model is proposed which provides for new possibilities for particle scattering studies on nuclei. It is based on the data of nuclear matter density distribution and is used for calculating the ground state energy of Fermi system terminals. The ''coherent flucton'' model is applied to the distribution of 1 GeV protons on "2"8Si, "3"2S, "4"0Ca, "4"8Ca, "5"8Ni, "2"0"8Pb nuclei. The calculations by the model agree well with experimental data.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The atlas presents sequences of MRI sections parallel to the orbito-meatal plane in children from birth through the age of sixteen years. Each child was studied horizontally and sagitally and three-dimensional brain images were reconstructed to facilitate accurate identification of sulci and gyri. The images show crucial aspects of brain development such as the constancy of the brain stem and primitive brain from birth onward; the development of the telencephalon, characterized by deepening of sulci and growth of the cerebral cortex surface; and the different stages of white matter myelinization.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gravitational radiation produced by the big bang is calculated in order to provide a condition for the unification of the gravitational and electromagnetic forces. By analogy with electromagnetic radiation and under the assumption that gravity is also quantized, it is shown that matter would have decoupled from gravitational radiation at a time of approximately 10 to the -43rd sec and would have dominated it at 10 to the -17th sec. Furthermore, the theory predicts a background gravitational radiation temperature of 0.003 K which peaks at a wavelength of about 1 m, which may be detected by the comparison of the synchronization of clocks at increasing distances.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 1976 decision of the US Supreme Court made it clear that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (then the Federal Power Commission) has a responsibility to consider and determine allegations that proposed wholesale electric rates create a price squeeze against customers who compete with the wholesaler in making retail electric sales. This article reviews how the commission has approached the matter of discharging its newly recognized responsibility since that time, and describes its current position regarding the several issues and questions that price squeeze allegations raise. 35 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the development of a geothermal heat pump a water source heat pump was connected to a 1-1/2'' water line, 2200' long, buried in an endless loop 10' deep. The system is closed, circulating the same water continuously through the heat pump back to the field again. This water line 10' deep is the geothermal heat source. No matter how cold the air temperature gets on a winter day the water temperature to the heat pump will always be above 45/sup 0/F. This system has efficiently heated our house the past year using no supplemental heat.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with a Si/Li semiconductor detector and "2"3"8Pu exciting source was used in the study of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb content of solid emissions, raw and final materials of a brick factory. From the point of view of metal content, the working environment if the brick factory is safe for workers. (author) 2 refs.; 2 figs.; 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We consider a D-brane probe in the unstable string background associated with flux branes. The twist in the spacetime metric reponsible for supersymmetry breaking is shown to manifest itself in the mixing of open Wilson lines with the phases of some adjoint matter fields, resulting in a nonlocal and nonsupersymmetric form of Yang-Mills theory as the probe dynamics. This provides a setup where one can study the fate of a large class of unstable closed string theories that includes as a limit type 0 theories and various orbifolds of type II and type 0 theories. We discuss the limit of C/Z_n orbifold in some detail and speculate on the couplings with closed string tachyons.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A previously studied theory of gravitation in flat space-time is applied to homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models. There exist two different classes of models without singularities: (i) ever-expanding models, (ii) oscillating models. The first class contains models with hot big bang. For these models there exist at the beginning of the universe-in contrast to Einstein's theory-very high but finite densities of matter and radiation with a big bang of very short duration. After short time these models pass into the homogeneous and isotropic models of Einstein's theory with spatial curvature equal to zero and cosmological constant ALPHA >= O.