Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A combination of degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy and a low-pressure sampling technique has been studied for isotopic analysis in an air-acetylene flame. Hyperfine spectra of D lines of sodium and several mixtures of lithium isotopes obtained in this way are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of warm rolling under various conditions on the microstructure and mechanical property was investigated using an AZ31 Mg alloy sheet. Several processing parameters such as initial thickness, thickness reduction by a single pass rolling, rolling temperature, roll speed, and roll temperature were varied to elicit an optimum condition for the warm rolling process of AZ31 Mg alloy. Microstructure and mechanical properties were measured for specimens subjected to rolling experiments of various conditions. Warm rolling of 30% thickness reduction per pass was possible without any side-crack at temperatures as low as 200 C under the roll speed of 30 m/min. The initial microstructure before rolling was the mixed one consisting of partially recrystallized and cast structures. Grain refinement was found to occur actively during the warm rolling, producing a very fine grain size of 7 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a nitrogen oxides decreasing combustion method which comprises: a first step of mixing a fuel and air with each other; a second step of bringing the mixture obtained in the first step into contact with a packed catalyst such that only catalytic combustion occurs; and a third step of adding a fresh supply of the fuel to a stream obtained from the second step to form a mixed gas and causing the mixed gas to undergo non-catalytic thermal combustion. The temperature of the packed catalyst is lower than the ignition temperature of the mixture and the adiabatic flame temperature of the mixed gas is lower than a temperature at which the nitrogen oxides occur.

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...that global warming is cost ...just global warming ...global warming ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

NaCl doped MgCl_2.nEtOH adducts were prepared by ball-milling MgCl_2.2.5EtOH with NaCl. Both the ball-milled MgCl_2.nEtOH/NaCl mixture and pure MgCl_2.2.5EtOH adducts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetry (TG) and differencial scanning calorimetry (DSC). A simple MgCl_2.nEtOH/NaCl mixture without ball-milling treatment was also studied for comparison. Two kinds of mixed crystals, Na_2MgCl_4 and NaMgCl_3, were found to be formed in a ball-milled mixture that contained 16 mol.% NaCl. TG and DSC analysis of the samples also provided indirect evidences supporting the presence of the mixed crystals in the ball-milled mixture. Adding certain amounts of NaCl in MgCl_2.2.5EtOH adduct, either by co-milling or by simple mixing, greatly increased the thermal stability of the adduct, but ...

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...contribution to global warming ...states i think impact of global warming ? and ...contributor to global warming ...

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...global warming ...

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...global warming um ? know he's been right into our our ...who was a little bit about global warming and cooling ...global warming ...america uh we can help ? global warming and reduce the demand for electricity and and ...now means that those who immediately combat global warming ? ...global warming ...global warming ...global warming by ...we ? in terms of the contribution to global warming is a small i mean anything else ...global warming and ...among scientists are speaking out about global warming the only thing they really talk about a year to ...the other factors that affect global warming and i i just feel that ...problem of global warming would have to ...global warming ...global ...

Science.gov (United States)

... predicting potential increases in human mortality due to global warming....

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...global warming situation is more than evaporation around ...background red ? which was the global warming the ...

CERN Document Server

In the standard model of neutrino oscillations, the neutrino flavor states are mixtures of mass-eigenstates, and the phenomena are well described by the neutrino mixing matrix, i.e., the PMNS matrix. I review the recent progress on parametrization of the neutrino mixing matrix. Besides that I also discuss on the possibility to describe the neutrino oscillations by a non-standard model in which the neutrino mixing is caused by the Lorentz violation (LV) contribution in the effective field theory for LV. We assume that neutrinos are massless and that neutrino flavor states are mixing states of energy eigenstates. In our calculation the neutrino mixing parts depend on LV parameters and neutrino energy. The oscillation amplitude varies with the neutrino energy, thus neutrino experiments with energy dependence may test and constrain the Lorentz violation scenario for ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Top Ten Things You Need to Know About Global Warming and a note about why there is so ... create your own unit on climate change and global warming."...

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...that the term global warming is actually misleading because ...global warming here ...a global warming of point seven four degrees in a hundred-years ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molar excess volumes, VE, molar excess enthalpies, HE, and speeds of sound, u, of o-toluidine (i) + cyclohexane or n-hexane or n-heptane (j) binary mixtures have been determined over entire range of composition at 308.15 K. Speeds of sound data have been utilized to predict isentropic compressibility changes of mixing, ?SE of (i + j) mixtures. The observed VE, HE and ?SE data have been analyzed in terms of Graph theory. The analysis of VE data by Graph theory reveals that o-toluidine exists as an associated molecular entity and (i + j) mixtures contain 1:1 molecular complex. It has been observed that VE, HE and ?SE values calculated by Graph theory compare well with their corresponding experimental values. The observed data have also been analyzed in term of Flory theory.

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...the effects of global warming ...

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of the degree of degradation of the components of a model municipal plastic waste (a mixture of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and high-impact polystyrene) on the toughness and stability of recyclates compatibilised with a cooperative compatibilisation system (a mixture of ethylene-propylene statistical and styrene-butadiene block copolymers with a secondary amine-based stabiliser) was studied. It was shown that good impact strength was achieved for recyclates having components with a low or medium degree of degradation. Mechanical properties of recyclates having the components with a high degree of degradation are deteriorated. The addition of the cooperative compatibilisation system leads to a higher thermo-oxidative stability of recyclates ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to improve the handling capability of red mud, it is mixed with fine-grain coal material such as brown coal or lignite in dust form, in a ratio by weight of between 0.5-10:1. The liquid present in the red mud is bound by the very fine coal admixed therewith so that the resulting mixture can be stored in a silo and even pneumatically conveyed, and the oily properties of the red mud are removed by the treatment. The mixture is particularly suitable for use in connection with the hydrogenating liquefaction of coal in which the red mud is used as a catalyst.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An analysis based on Jaroniec's theory of mixed gas adsorption showed that for two arbitrary adsorbing gas components the ratio of their surface coverages is a simple power function of the ratio of their partial pressures. This result was verified with available experimental data on the adsorption of C/sub 1/-C/sub 4/ hydrocarbon binary mixtures, CO/sub 2//C/sub 2/H/sub 4/, and N/sub 2//CO on various carbons, silica gel, and cesium iodide.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Low energy (<100 eV) Ar"+ ion bombardment of the growing film during the deposition of amorphous GaSb+Ge mixtures was found to affect both the transformation rate kinetics as well as the reaction path during subsequent annealing. Ion bombardment induced collisional cascades resulted in more random mixing in the growing films thus retarding the rate of the amorphous to equilibrium state phase transformation during annealing and allowing the formation of homogeneous metastable randomly oriented single phase (GaSb)/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloys. The films were approx.1.5 #mu#m thick and the average grain size in the metastable state was approx.300 A.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A class II atomistic force field with Lennard-Jones 6-9 nonbond interactions is used to investigate equations of state (EOS) for important high explosive detonation products N{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O in the temperature range 700-2500 K and pressure range 0.1-10 GPa. A standard 6th order parameter-mixing scheme is then employed to study a 2:1 (molar) H{sub 2}O:N{sub 2} mixture, to investigate in particular the possibility of phase-separation under detonation conditions. The simulations demonstrate several important results, including: (1) the accuracy of computed EOS for both N{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O over the entire range of temperature and pressure considered; (2) accurate mixing-demixing phase boundary as compared to experimental data; and (3) the departure of mixing free energy from that predicted by ideal mixing law. The results provide comparison and guidance to state-of-the-art ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of species extinctions in around the world if global warming continues unabated, according to a new study published ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

... of coastal marsh survival in the face of global warming and sea-level rise. It discusses sea-level ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

... different information resources that have to do with global warming and its effects in the state of Alabama. ... ...

ScienceCinema

...global warming is going on we're gonna start to see that ...global warming ...offset the trend of global warming due to greenhouse gases so we gotta get this ...global warming ...the timing and just exactly how global warming will be feedback ...problem with global warming and that the increasing greenhouse gases substantially ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Real fuels are complex mixtures of thousands of hydrocarbon compounds including linear and branched paraffins, naphthenes, olefins and aromatics. It is generally agreed that their behavior can be effectively reproduced by simpler fuel surrogates containing a limited number of components. In this work, an improved version of the kinetic model by the authors is used to analyze the combustion behavior of several components relevant to gasoline surrogate formulation. Particular attention is devoted to linear and branched saturated hydrocarbons (PRF mixtures), olefins (1-hexene) and aromatics (toluene). Model predictions for pure components, binary mixtures and multicomponent gasoline surrogates are compared with recent experimental information collected in rapid compression machine, shock tube and jet stirred reactors covering a wide range of conditions pertinent to internal combustion engines (3-50 atm, 650-1200K, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estimation of mixed Weibull distribution by maximum likelihood estimation and other methods is frequently difficult due to unstable estimates arising from limited data. Bayesian techniques can stabilize these estimates through the priors, but there is no closed-form conjugate family for the Weibull distribution. This paper reduces the number of numeric integrations required for using Bayesian estimation on mixed Weibull situations from five to two, thus making it a more feasible approach to the typical user. It also examines the robustness of the Bayesian estimates under a variety of different prior distributions. It is found that Bayesian estimation can improve accuracy over the MLE for situations with low mixture ratios so long as the prior on the weak subpopulation's characteristic life has an expected value less than or equal to the true characteristic life.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In-situ compaction method is an alternative technology for the construction of a buffer at HLW final disposal. Understanding of the compaction characteristics of the proposed material is important for this method of construction. In this report, paying attention to the relation between compaction energy and the achieved maximum dry density, dynamic compaction characteristic of bentonite and silica sand mixture material is examined. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Occupational and environmental exposure to organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls are linked with increased risk of hematologic malignancies. DOE facilities and waste sites in the U.S. are contaminated with mixtures of potentially hazardous chemicals such as metals, organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and radioactive isotopes. A major goal of this project was to establish linkage between chemical/radiation exposure and induction of genomic damage in target populations with the capability to undergo transformation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The basic principle of the green building philosophy is to design buildings that consider environmental performance. Residential and commercial buildings in Canada consume about 30 per cent of the total secondary energy use and are responsible for approximately 29 per cent of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions and many other wastes. An optimization model was developed which minimizes life cycle cost and life cycle environmental impact. The model distinguishes different energy sources and incorporates their impacts, such as resource depletion, global warming and acidification. The model also considers design variables such as window type, orientation, building orientation, window-to-wall ratio, wall type and roof type. The model can be used to identify optimum green building designs for given conditions. The model uses expanded cumulative exergy consumption as the indicator for life cycle environmental performance. As such, it can be simplified by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molar excess volumes, V{sup E}, molar excess enthalpies, H{sup E}, and speeds of sound data, u, of chloroform (i) + aniline or o-toluidine (j) binary mixtures have been measured as a function of composition at 308.15 K. Isentropic compressibility changes of mixing, {kappa}{sub S}{sup E} have been determined by employing speed of sound data. Topological investigations of V{sup E} data reveals that aniline, chloroform and o-toluidine are associated entities and these (i + j) mixtures contain a 1:1 molecular complex. The IR studies lend further support to the nature and extent of interaction for the proposed molecular entity in the mixtures. H{sup E} and {kappa}{sub S}{sup E} values have also been calculated by employing Moelwyn-Huggins concept [Polymer 12 (1971) 387] taking topology of the constituents of the mixtures. It has been observed that calculated H{sup E} and {kappa}{sub ...

Science.gov (United States)

A method of producing blast furnace coke from bituminous coals, particularly coals having poor coking capacities in which the coal to be carbonized is ground, predried or preheated, mixed with binders, compressed or formed into briquets having small mechanical resistances and charged into oven chambers, is characterized by fine coals or fine coal mixtures having a swelling index in mixture according to DIN 51741, smaller than 7, and preferably, below 6, and comprising more than 50% of poorly or non-baking coal having a content of volatile matter in excess of 30% or less than 20% which coals or coal mixtures are ground up to attain a surface per unit mass, according to DIN 66145, of from 400 cm/sup 2/ to 1200 cm/sup 2/ per gram, with from 3% to 8% by weight of organic binders, compressing the mixture to form it into a briquet at a temperature range of from 70/sup 0/C to 300/sup 0/C ...

Science.gov (United States)

The objective of this study was to simplify the opacifying mixing process of the bone cement and contrast used for percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). We performed a biomechanical study of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (Corinplast{sup TM} 3) using three different mixtures of PMMA, monomer, and contrast: group I, 2:1; group II, 3:2; group III, 3:2:1 ratio of powder/monomer/iodinated contrast (Omnipaque). In vitro biomechanical testing of ultimate compressive strength was carried out in all samples. Following the conclusion of a proper bone cement mixture regimen drawn from the in vitro study, PVP was performed in 125 patients: 58 with cancer, 12 with hemangioma, and 54 with osteoporotic fracture. The ultimate compressive strength in group III was decreased by 38% compared to groups II and I. Proper fluoroscopic visualization was achieved in all PVP procedures using this mixture. There were no major ...

Science.gov (United States)

Estimates of global warming during the mid-Piacenzian Age of the Pliocene Epoch suggest temperatures were 2 degrees C greater than today. ... million years approaches this level of warming. PRISM/Global Warmin...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work an experimental study is carried out to determine the thermo-hydraulic performance of an intercooler (IC) with flat tubes provided with triangular plain internal fins and louvered external fins when it is used on a car equipped with a low pressure EGR. The main unknowns to be answered are the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of the IC working under humid conditions induced by EGR, the conditions under which the water content in the mixture of air and exhaust gases begins to condense and the conditions under which the condensed water will be retained inside the IC. The exhaust gases are here replaced by a mixture of dry air and water vapour which are mixed upstream of the IC. The IC is submitted at the following testing conditions: on the ambient air side, the air temperature i...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An inorganic particulate adsorbent of a titania-alumina is described for treating a superheated water containing radioactive materials such as cobalt ions, which is free from release of corrosive impruities, and which has a high adsorption capacity of radioactive materials and a high mechanical strength is prepared by hydrolyzing a titanium alkoxide and an aluminum alkoxide, thereby forming a hydrous titanium oxide and a hydrous aluminum oxide, respectively; precalcining the hydrous titanium oxide and aluminum oxide, mixing and molding the resulting titania and alumina into a particulate mixture thereof having a titania mole fraction of 0.2 to 0.9, and calcining the particulate mixture at 500/sup 0/-700/sup 0/C. This absorbent is effectively used in treat boiling water-type nuclear reactor core-circulating water to remove radioactive substances therefrom.

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...policy issues global warming global climate change ? there's a famous hockey ...global warming the greatest hopes for betray them and kind of forgotten ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To analyze the effect of containment spray on gas mixing and depressurization, two experiments (ST3_1 and ST3_2) were performed with two interconnected vessels. These experiments were conducted in the frame of the OECD/SETH-2 project using the PANDA facility. The vessels were preconditioned such that a helium-rich layer is formed in the upper section of the first vessel, henceforth referred to as Vessel-1. In the case of the first experiment (ST3_1), the remaining volume of Vessel-1 and the entirety of the second vessel, Vessel-2, were filled with pure steam. For ST3_2, the second experiment presented here, pure steam was replaced with a steam-air mixture instead. Water was injected from the top of Vessel-1 with a spray nozzle projecting downwards. Transient behavior of system pressure, as...

CERN Document Server

Mono-layers of stearic and behenic acids and mixtures of them in different proportions, deposited with the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, were used to study the alignment and the alignment dynamics in nematic liquid crystal cells. A relaxation process from a splay-bend flow induced metastable orientation to the homeotropic one occurs. The lifetime of the metastable state was found to depend on the mono-layer composition. The transition between the homeotropic and the conical anchoring was found to be irreversible in the case of the mixed aligning mono-layers: on cooling from the isotropic phase a quasi-planar nematic state (schlieren texture) appears. It is stable in a range of a few degrees below the clearing point and, on decreasing the temperature, relaxes to the homeotropic state in form of expanding domains.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermal energy storage performance and phase change stability of mix phase change materials consisted of stearic acid and Na{sub 2}PO{sub 4}.12H{sub 2}O are studied by means of Fourier transformation infrared spectrum analyses (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The specific heat capacity of mix materials is also determined experimentally. The results show that all absorption peaks of functional groups and chemical bonds of stearic acid still exist, which suggests that these crystal materials composed of stearic acid and Na{sub 2}PO{sub 4}.12H{sub 2}O have good phase change stability and chemical compatibility. Thus, disadvantages caused by the subcooling of Na{sub 2}PO{sub 4}.H{sub 2}O and the low specific heat capacity of stearic acid can be solved, it is speculated that complement each other on the basis of organic/inorganic characteristics in itself is carried out for these two component materials of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this work is a study for the application of a new technology that will be used in the engine management system in the vehicle; where the final consumer can opt for the inquiry performance or seeking an economy for the fuel consumption depending on its daily use and of the prices offered in the gas stations. Flexible Fuel is a technology in development for the automobile market that mixes the use of two fuels (gasoline and ethanol) and their mixtures in the internal combustion engine. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minimum critical fissile concentrations are calculated for U-233, U-235, Pu-239, and Am-242m mixed homogeneously with hydrogen at temperatures to 15,000K. Minimum critical masses of the same mixtures in a 1000 liter sphere are also calculated. It is shown that propellent efficiencies of a gas core fizzler engine using Am-242m as fuel would exceed those in a solid core engine as small as 1000L operating at 100 atmospheres pressure. The same would be true for Pu-239 and possibly U-233 at pressures of 1000 atm. or at larger volumes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volumetric properties of liquid mixtures of neon and hydrogen have been calculated using path integral hybrid Monte Carlo simulations. Realistic potentials have been used for the three interactions involved. Molar volumes and excess volumes of these mixtures have been evaluated for various compositions at 29 and 31.14 K, and 30 atm. Significant quantum effects are observed in molar volumes. Quantum simulations agree well with experimental molar volumes. Calculated excess volumes agree qualitatively with experimental values. However, contrary to the existing understanding that large positive deviations from ideal mixtures are caused due to quantum effects in Ne - H_2 mixtures, both classical as well as quantum simulations predict the large positive deviations from ideal mixtures. Further investigations using two other Ne - H_2 potentials of Lennard - Jones (LJ) type show that excess ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The possibility of a positive agricultural use of flue gas filter ash from brown coal power plants is investigated. The suggested measure is mixing ash dump surfaces with extremely acidic spoil bank soils, which balances the high pH value of the alkaline ash and contributes to improved nutrient and soil sorptive conditions. Optimum quantity of spoil bank sands in the mixture with ash is between 10% and 40%. The optimum quantity must be determined for each type of ash considering improvement of soil chemical conditions and water retention capacity. Filter ash properties vary widely; the required amount of spoil bank sand added to investigated ash surfaces near 3 brown coal power plants was between 25% and 30% of the mixture. The same favourable soil and ash mixture can be produced by adding 60% to 75% filter ash to acidic raw spoil bank soil surfaces forming a top soil layer in a thickness of minimum 60 ...

CERN Document Server

This paper addresses the problem of blind separation of convolutive mixtures of BPSK and circular linearly modulated signals with unknown (and possibly different) baud rates and carrier frequencies. In previous works, we established that the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) is able to extract a source from a convolutive mixture of circular linearly modulated signals. We extend the analysis of the extraction capabilities of the CMA when the mixing also contains BPSK signals. We prove that if the various source signals do not share any non zero cyclic frequency nor any non conjugate cyclic frequencies, the local minima of the constant modulus cost function are separating filters. Unfortunately, the minimization of the Godard cost function generally fails when considering BPSK signals that have the same rates and the same carrier frequencies. This failure is due to the existence of non-separating local minima of the Godard ...

Science.gov (United States)

... relaxation and a sense of well-being. Warm whirlpool baths, molten paraffin application to the hands and ...

Science.gov (United States)

This fact sheet summarizes the potential impact of climate change as it relates to public health in California....

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...of the and global warming signal so ...

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...carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming anything that could ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stainless steel is pickled in pickling bath with the sulfuric acid and a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Suitable equipment based on speedy and accurate chemical analysis for actual production lines has not been developed yet. The concentration of sulfuric acid can be analyzed by using the neutralization titration method. As a method of analyzing hydrofluoric acid in the mixed acid, the iron-acetylacetone complex discoloration absorbance method was adopted. For the concentration, of nitric acid, the method of subtracting the concentration of hydrofluoric acid from the total mixed acid amounts obtained by neutralization titration is adopted. Furthermore, the iron-salicylic acid complex absorbance method is adopted as a method of analyzing the iron content. By adopting these methods, the fully automated analyzer is developed. Completing analysis work can be shortened to 40 minutes by automated sampling from the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of longer ice-free periods on the seasonal variation and total annual values of phytoplankton primary production was considered along with the efficiency and productivity of the phytoplankton communities at different water temperatures by constant light. The studied pond, Vasikkalampi, is located in the town Jvyaskyla in central Finland. The pond is slightly eutrophic and its water is used for cooling purposes by a 35 MW thermal powerplant. The cooling water is taken in the middle of the pond and it returns as heated effluent to the northern part, near the surface, about 100 m from the intake pipe. This circulation and warming of the water keeps the pond open throughout the year except during the coldest weeks in the winter when some parts freeze over. The increase of the water temperature was not sufficient to be optimal for photosynthesis in the spring. The phytoplankton biomass starts to increase early in the spring when the zooplankton grazing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To prove that two-layer, TBP-nitric acid mixtures can be safely stored in the canyon evaporators, it must be demonstrated that a runaway reaction between TBP and nitric acid will not occur. Previous bench-scale experiments showed that, at typical evaporator temperatures, this reaction is endothermic and therefore cannot run away, due to the loss of heat from evaporation of water in the organic layer. However, the reaction would be exothermic and could run away if the small amount of water in the organic layer evaporates before the nitric acid in this layer is consumed by the reaction. Provided that there is enough water in the aqueous layer, this would occur if the organic layer is sufficiently thick so that the rate of loss of water by evaporation exceeds the rate of replenishment due to mixing with the aqueous layer. This report presents measurements of mass transfer rates for the mixing of water and butanol in two-layer, ...

Science.gov (United States)

The summertime tropical cyclogenesis rate per unit area in the eastern Pacific ocean is arguably higher than in any other location in the world. Many if not most of these cyclones form from African easterly waves which cross Central America into the Pacific. Of order 25% of these waves intensify into cyclones. A significant fraction of east Pacific tropical cyclones undergoes landfall on the Mexican coast. Those which do not, generally dissipate over cold ocean waters north of the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone, often not far from land. The layer of warm ocean water which supports the development of east Pacific cyclones is unusually shallow and is structured by anticyclonic vortices which form by various processes and propagate slowly to the west. These vortices locally deepen the oceanic mixed layer and support stronger convection than their surroundings, possibly promoting cyclogenesis and cyclone intensification. Cyclones ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In order to achieve efficient d-lactic acid fermentation from a mixture of xylose and glucose, the xylose-assimilating xylAB operon from Lactobacillus pentosus (PXylAB) was introduced into an l-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhL1)-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum (?ldhL1-xpk1::tkt-?xpk2) strain in which the phosphoketolase 1 gene (xpk1) was replaced with the transketolase gene (tkt) from Lactococcus lactis, and the phosphoketolase 2 (xpk2) gene was deleted. Two copies of xylAB introduced into the genome significantly improved the xylose fermentation ability, raising it to the same level as that of ?ldhL1-xpk1::tkt-?xpk2 harboring a xylAB operon-expressing plasmid. Using the two-copy xylAB integrated strain, successful homo-d-lactic acid production was achieved from a mixture of 25?g/l xylos...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies of basic binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixtures of hydrocarbons have shown better performance than for pure fluids for a moderate temperature (360/sup 0/F) resource. However, a loss is net geofluid effectiveness (watt-hours net plant output/1bm geofluid) results when the geofluid outlet temperature is limited to temperatures in excess of 160/sup 0/F to alleviate a silica precipitation problem. This study examined three working fluids consisting of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons to see if use of regenerative preheating techniques such as turbine exhaust recupation and/or turbine bleed could recover the loss in geofluid effectiveness for a 160/sup 0/F geofluid outlet temperature. Results showed that with the most promising of the three working fluids a turbine exhaust recuperator alone is sufficient to recover all the lost effectiveness while maintaining the geofluid outlet temperature at 160/sup 0/F. A brief study to investigate ...

ScienceCinema

...same sort of handle ? religious that we have on global warming or energy policy or ...other words my claim is that we need to study religion the way we study global warming and all the other really serious phenomena on this planet ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Alumina-reinforced carbon nanofiber nanocomposites were prepared using different routes; powders mixture, colloidal route and sol?gel process followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). CNFs/xAl2O3 (x = 10?50 vol.%) were prepared through nanopowders mixing in a high-energy attrition milling. The main limitations in the preparation of this kind of nanocomposites are related to the difficulty in obtaining materials with a homogeneous distribution of both phases and the different chemical nature of CNFs and Al2O3, which causes poor interaction between them. A surface coating of CNFs by wet chemical routes with an alumina precursor is proposed as a very effective way to improve the interaction between CNFs and Al2O3. An improvement of 50% in fracture strength was found for similar nanocomposite ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A protective film has been developed on the surface of carbon steel in low chloride aqueous environment using a synergistic mixture of an environmentally friendly phosphonic acid, N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl) glycine (BPMG), and zinc ions. Impedance studies of the metal/solution interface indicated that the surface film is highly protective against the corrosion of carbon steel in the chosen environment. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor is a mixed inhibitor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS) of the film showed the presence of the elements iron, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and zinc. Deconvolution spectra of these elements in the surface film showed the presence of oxides/hydroxides of iron(III), Zn(OH)2, and [Zn(II)-BPMG] complex. This infe...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present investigation, the properties of plasma nitrided AISI 304 steel were studied by changing the presence of nitrogen in the gas mixture. The plasma nitriding was performed at temperature -560 deg C, pressure -4 mbar and duration 24 hours. The nitrided samples were characterized by evaluating the phase composition, micro hardness, and diffusion layer thickness. The phase analysis indicates the mixed phases of CrN and Fe_3N, Fe_3N and Fe_4N which has the highest intensity. The results show the glow discharge plasma nitriding in presence of N_2 (80 vol. %) and H_2 (rest) produced higher hardness as well as higher case depth. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Part of the crushed activated charcoal (about 20-50%) designed for manufacture of electrodes is made water repellant with the help of an aqueous suspension of water repelling agent containing 3-15% (preferably 10%) dry substance. After this the remaining part of the activated charcoal and the other additives are mixed with the water repelling part. The plates or tape which is rolled to an assigned thickness are pressed from the obtained mixture. The electrodes obtained by this method have a thin active layer and a porous structure and have good diffusion properties. They can be loaded by currents up to 80 mA/cm/sup 2/ without causing excessive polarization losses, and their service life is greater than or equal to 100 h.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Project has been established to convert the high-level radioactive waste associated with nuclear defense production at the Hanford Site into a waste form suitable for disposal in a deep geologic repository. The Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant will mix processed radioactive waste with borosilicate material, then heat the mixture to its melting point (vitrification) to forin a glass-like substance that traps the radionuclides in the glass matrix upon cooling. The Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Quality Assurance Program has been established to support the mission of the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant. This Quality Assurance Program Description has been written to document the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Quality Assurance Program.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, we investigated the effect of alcohol solvents (ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol) and isomeric alcohol solvents (iso-propanol, iso--butanol, and tert-butanol). In addition, we observed the effect of the mixed alcohol solvents on the particle formation as using a mixture od ethanol and butanol at a ratio od 30/70, 50/50 and 70/30 vol %, respectively. In case of ethanol solvent, particle size of silica showed the smallest and the narrowest size distribution among the various solvent. On the contrary, for the n-butanol solvent, largest broad distribution of particle size was observed. For the synthesis of particles having better spherical morphology and less agglomeration, alcohol solvent having no branches was considered appropriate. When mixed alcohol solvents were used, large silica particles with narrow size distribution were obtained, regardless of the ratio. 8 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the two-body decay modes {rho}{rho}, {pi}{pi}{sup *} (1300) and {sigma}{sigma} of the f{sub 0}(1500), all leading to the four pion decay channel, in a three-state mixing scheme, where the f{sub 0}(1500) is a mixture of the lowest lying scalar glueball with the nearby isoscalar states of the 0{sup ++}Q Q-bar nonet. In the leading order of this scheme, the decay mechanism of the f{sub 0}(1500) proceeds dominantly via its quarkonium components, which can be described in the framework of the {sup 3}P{sub 0} pair creation model. We predict the hierarchy of decay branching ratios B with B({rho}{rho}) {>=} B({pi}{pi}) {>=} B({sigma}{sigma}) > B({pi}{pi}{sup *}), providing a key signature of the proposed mixing scheme in this leading order approach. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Red mud, the by-product of alumina fabricating industry by the Bayer process, was investigated to produce light-weight aggregates for structural concrete. Owing to very high concentration of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the red mud, no light-weight aggregates could be sintered from the red mud alone. Thus, red mud being mixed with sewage sludge that is in its chemical composition very similar to the clay mineral, very light-weight aggregates with the apparent density smaller than 1.0 g/cm{sup 3} was able to be fired at 1,200 deg. C, by the bloating effect. For this purpose, the mixing ratio of red mud to sewage sludge must be held less than a unity. On the other hand, a mixture containing more red mud than sewage sludge required the addition of, for instance, limestone in 20-30 percent, so that medium-light weight aggregates of the apparent density ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 g/cm{sup 3} were prepared. The suitable sintering ...

ScienceCinema

...changes consistent with global warming ? uh how to regional scale within ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The long term objective of the Oil Sands Business Unit of Alberta Energy is to pave the way for Alberta's bitumen production to reach 3 million barrels per day by 2020. This presentation described the national government's role in resource development. It was emphasized that since the Crown is the owner of the oil sands resource, it would benefit by providing strategic leadership and by generating a larger royalty base. The oil sands fiscal regime was described with reference to generic royalty, risk sharing, investment, and project economics. Business rule principles were also outlined along with criteria for project expansions. Both upstream and downstream challenges and opportunities were listed. 4 figs.

ScienceCinema

...prediction of involvement and saying hasta la vista to global warming and also be a celebrating president obama ...too late to save our planet from the perils of global warming ? john f. kennedy once said ...grandchildren and say we did little to stop the advance of global warming ? we will make a difference ...

Science.gov (United States)

We report on the effect of potato maltodextrins with variable dextrose equivalent (Paselli SA-2, SA-6 and SA-10) on the surface behavior at the air-water interface of the mixture: legumin+small-molecule surfactant. Distinct in nature small-molecule surfactants (model: sodium salt of capric acid, Na-caprate; and commercially important: a citric acid ester of monoglyceride, CITREM) have been under our consideration. The role of the structure of both of the maltodextrins and the small-molecule surfactants in the effect studied has been elucidated by measurements in a bulk aqueous medium of the enthalpy of their interaction from mixing calorimetry, value of weight average molecular weight of the maltodextrins and the thermodynamics of the pair maltodextrin-solvent and maltodextrin-protein interactions from laser static light scattering. The combined data of mixing calorimetry and light scattering suggest some complex formation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The primary objective of this task was to perform a variability study of the high activity waste (HAW) acidic feed to determine the impact of feed variability on the quality of the final grout and on the mixability of the salt solution into the dry powders. The HAW acidic feeds were processed through the neutralization/pH process, targeting a final pH of 12. These fluids were then blended with the dry materials to make the final waste forms. A secondary objective was to determine if elemental substitution for cost prohibitive or toxic elements in the simulant affects the mixing response, thus providing a more economical simulant for use in full scale tests. Though not an objective, the HAW simulant used in the full scale tests was also tested and compared to the results from this task. A statistically designed test matrix was developed based on the maximum molarity inputs used to make the acidic solutions. The maximum molarity inputs were: 7.39 HNO{sub 3}, 0.11618 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Small unilamellar vesicles which form when gel-state long-chain phosphatidylcholines are mixed with micellar short-chain lecithins undergo an increase in size as the long-chain species melts to its liquid-crystalline form. Analysis of the vesicle population with quasi-elastic light scattering shows that the particle size increases from 90-A radius to greater than 5000-A radius. Resonance energy transfer experiments show total mixing of lipid probes with unlabeled vesicles only when the Tm of the long-chain phosphatidylcholine is exceeded. This implies that the large size change represents a fusion process. Aqueous compartments are also mixed during this transition. 31P NMR analysis of the vesicle mixtures above the phase transition shows a great degree of heterogeneity with large unilamellar particles coexisting with oligo- and multilamellar structures. Upon cooling the vesicles below the Tm, the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The warm caliber rolling was experimented using the AZ31 magnesium alloy round bar of 20 mm in diameter machined from cast ingot materials. In warm caliber rolling in final size of 10 mm in diameter at 623 K via 8passes, each width-spreading, the change of each microstructure, X-ray analysis of final texture and final mechanical properties were investigated. Microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of warm caliber rolled round bar at 473 K via latter 4passes were compared with those at 623 K consistently. Obtained results are as follows: (1) The width-spreading in caliber rolling of round bar is relatively large, compared with that in flat rolling of the flat bar. The largeness of width-spreading of round bar makes the shape control of cross section difficult, and causes the cracks around the free surface. (2) Finer microstructure and inclined c axis of hexagonal lattice of 10 degrees to vertical direction of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is now a scientific consensus that current rates of accumulation of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere will result in significant global warming and climate change. These changes are likely to have important impacts on a wide range of human activities and the natural environment. There has now been a considerable weight of literature published on the impacts of global warming, much of it very recent. This report seeks to summarise the important results, to analyse the uncertainties and to make a preliminary analysis of the feasibility of monetarising these environmental costs. The impacts of global warming are divided into ten major categories: agriculture, forests and forestry, terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity, hydrology and water resources, sea level rise and coastal zones, energy, infrastructure/transport/industry, human health and air quality, oceans, and cryospheric impacts. The results of major summary ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract A large remaining source of uncertainty in global model predictions of future climate is how ecosystem carbon (C) cycle feedbacks to climate change. We conducted a field manipulative experiment of warming and nitrogen (N) addition in a temperate steppe in northern China during two contrasting hydrological growing seasons in 2006 [wet with total precipitation 11.2% above the long-term mean (348 mm)] and 2007 (dry with total precipitation 46.7% below the long-term mean). Irrespective of strong intra- and interannual variations in ecosystem C fluxes, responses of ecosystem C fluxes to warming and N addition did not change between the two growing seasons, suggesting independence of warming and N responses of net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) upon hydrological variations in the temperate ...

CERN Document Server

We briefly review capabilities and requirements for future instrumentation in UV- and X-ray astronomy that can contribute to advancing our understanding of the diffuse, highly ionised intergalactic medium.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Similar to many other countries, an educational reform anchored in a managerial discourse was proposed in Israel in 2004 by the Dovrat Committee, encouraged by the 'inter-state education gap' social problem that economist Dan Ben-David formulated on the basis of international examinations, such as PISA and TIMMS. Through a neo-Weberian approach this study follows the construction of a managerial discourse from the 1970s onwards that led to the Dovrat report. In the first period, managerial discourse was constructed around decentralization, parent choice and school autonomy 'social objects' by an expanding reformist network of educational scholars and figures from the Ministry of Education and local authorities. The pervasion of managerial discourse paved the way for the nomination of Shlom...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper shows how molecular theory paves the way for accelerated aging tests of safety-related equipment in nuclear power plants, as required by NRC qualification programs. Arrhenius' model, based on an equation, provides useful information regarding the extent of molecular change as a function of time and temperature. Critical to determining the aging characteristics and qualified life of organic materials is the activation energy concept, which is derived from information gathered when the molecular reaction of the material is documented over the entire life cycle. In accelerated-aging applications, the importance of the model lies in characterizing the chemical related reactions of materials. The problem with the Arrhenius approach is that, in generating a testing period of reasonable duration, a rather high test temperature must be selected which may lead to an added and unrelated environmental effect.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new characteristics temperature, an adiabatic limit flame temperature, was proposed as the basis to evaluate an effective energy emission and to examine a self combustion limit. Its characteristics were discussed using the reaction system between diatomic molecules as an example, and the low calorific limit of flammability was also discussed. Since the adiabatic limit flame temperature was the inherent temperature of a combustible mixture based on the thermochemical properties of constituents, it was, in particular, very important as considering a combustion system with energy recirculation between products and reactants. The available energy and efficiency of the combustion system should have been estimated on the basis of this temperature, instead of on an adiabatic flame temperature. It was also considerably high even in an extremely lean mixing ratio, however, the flame temperature in a lean region was strongly affected by heat loss in a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process is described for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in about 90% or greater yield with a minimum of nitrogen or dinitrogen oxide (N/sub 2/O) as by-products, comprising: (1) contacting gaseous ammonia in an oxygen containing gas optionally with an inert gaseous diluent with a mixed metal perovskite catalyst of the general formula: ABO/sub 3/, wherein: A is selected from the alkali, alkaline earth, lanthanide, or actinide metals or a mixture of these metals having a relatively large ionic, radius, and B is selected from an element or a combination of elements selected from Groups IB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, or VIII of the Periodic Table, wherein the perovskite phase of the catalyst has an equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen at 1000/sup 0/C of greater than about 10/sup -15/ bar; and (2) heating the reactants of step (1) at greater than about 500/sup 0/C under conditions of 10 to 100,000 hr/sup -1/ hourly space velocity.

Science.gov (United States)

The Vortec Cyclone Melting System (CMS) facility; to be located at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, is designed to treat soil contaminated with low levels of heavy metals and radioactive elements, as well as organic waste. The primary components of Vortec`s CMS are a counter rotating vortex (CRV) reactor and cyclone melter. In the CMS process, granular glass forming ingredients and other feedstocks are introduced into the CRV reactor where the intense CRV mixing allows the mixture to achieve a stable reaction and rapid heating of the feedstock materials. Organic contaminants in the feedstock are effectively oxidized, and the inert inorganic solids are melted. The University of North Dakota Energy {ampersand} Environmental Research Center (EERC) has been contacted to help in the development of sampling plans and to conduct the sampling at the facility. This document is written in a format that assumes that the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Artificial bone cements (BCs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) powders and methyl methacrylate (MMA) liquid monomer also present in their formulation small amounts of other substances, including a chemical initiator compound and radiopaque agents. Because inadequate mixing of the recipe components during the manufacture of the bone cement may compromise the mechanical properties of the final pieces, new techniques to incorporate the fillers into the BC and their effect upon the mechanical properties of BC pieces were investigated in the present study. PMMA powder composites were produced in situ in the reaction vessel by addition of X-ray contrasts to the reacting MMA mixture. It is shown that this can lead to much better mechanical properties of test pieces, when compared to standard bone cement formulations, because enhanced dispersion of the radiopaque agents can be achieved. Moreover, it is shown that the addition of hydroxyapatite ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The association of Finnish Plastics Industry examined the possibilities to utilize energy content of plastic wastes in spring 1990. A bark fuelled boiler plant of forest industry was used as test power plant. The power of the plant was 60 Mw. This report discusses shortly the theory of combustion of plastics. About 130 000-15 000 tons of plastic waste, corresponding to 7 % of the solid municipal waste, is dumped annually in Finland. Utilization of the plastic waste recovered from municipal wastes for energy production is technically viable in present power plants among present energy production. The chipping and mixing of the plastic in the other fuel are the only pretreatment required for the plastic waste. In Finland there are several power plants using suitable fuels for plastic mixture combustion. The portion of the plastic of the total fuel power was 10 %. No problems occurred during the tests. The results of the tests are presented in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weight loss measurements were performed in 20% and 28% hydrochloric acid at 90/sup 0/C on carbon steel, 22Cr5Ni duplex stainless steel, and two superaustenitic steels - 27Cr31Ni3Mo and 19Cr25Ni4Mo -, in presence of organic substances used singly or mixed. The organic substances examined were quaternary ammonium salts (1-4-pyridyl)-pyridinium chloride hydrochloride, dodecylpyridiniumchloride, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide), alkynols (1-octyn-3-ol, propargyl alcohol) and trans-cinnamaldehyde. The synergistic effect of potassium iodide on the inhibitive efficiency of the organic substances was studied. The variations of corrosion rate during the test time (normally six hours) were recorded by means of polarization resistance measurements. Polarization curves were also recorded. The results showed that the corrosion rates of the four steels examined can be reduced to less than 1 mg/cm/sup -2/ . h/sup -1/ using ternary ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this project was to develop a explosion suppression system capable to confine and extinguish gas explosions of the type produced in sub level caving faces when blasting to the coal pillar. Existing systems, such as triggered barriers, were considered not to be valid because of size, weight, cost, and other operational constraints. The research activities have been focused in the development of a mixed water/air spray system that should be manually activated some second before blasting. Two prototypes have been developed and tested, the first one using nozzle operating at the standard ranges of pressure that are normally available in underground coal mines, and a second one based in high-pressure nozzles. In this case, bottles containing a pressurized air/water mixtures are required. The works carried out included theoretical studies, hydraulic nozzles characterization, and modelling of the explosion phenomena using the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acid mine drainage is a serious environmental problem caused by the oxidation of sulfide minerals that releases highly acidic, sulfate, and metals-rich drainage. In this study, alkaline industrial wastes were mixed with acid mine tailings in order to obtain neutral conditions. A series of column leaching tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of reactive mine tailings amended with alkaline-additions under dynamic conditions. Column tests were conducted of oxidized mine tailings combined with cement kiln dust, red mud bauxite, and mixtures of cement kiln dust with red mud bauxite. The pH results show the addition of 10% of alkaline materials permits the maintenance of near neutral conditions. In the presence of 10% alkaline material, the concentration of toxic metals such as Al, Cu, Fe, Zn are significantly reduced as well as the number of viable cells (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) compared to control samples.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The potential hazard of landfill wastes was previously evaluated by examining the extraction procedures for individual waste, although various wastes were co-disposed of in actual landfills. This paper investigates the reduction of extraction-procedure toxicity by co-disposing various combinations of two wastes. When two wastes are mixed homogeneously, the extraction of heavy metals from the waste mixture is critically affected by the extract pH. Thus, co-disposal wastes will have a resultant pH between the pH values of its constituent. The lower the resultant pH, the lower the concentrations of heavy metals in the extract. When these wastes are extracted sequentially, the latter extracted waste has a stronger influence on the final concentration of heavy metals in the extract. Small-scale lysimeter experiments confirm that when heavy-metal-bearing leachates Generated from hazardous-waste lysimeters are passed through a nonhazardous-waste ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the great development occurred in the world after the Second World War and the establishment of patterns of increasingly intense, the energy demand amounted to the point, putting at risk the non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal minerals, among others, with growing interest in renewable energies, among which the biodiesel has been detached. In this sense, the present work had for objective to evaluate the fuel consumption of a tractor Valtra BM100 4x2 TDA, running with ethyl biodiesel from soybean filtered in seven mixture proportions mixed with the diesel, subject to two forces in the traction bar. The work was conducted in the Department of Rural Engineering of the Paulista State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, in an entirely randomized designed, in a factorial diagram 2 x 7, with three repetitions. The treatments were a combination for two forces in the traction bar (10 and 22 kN) and seven ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this investigation was to perform a preliminary evaluation of the utility of residual materials prepared from Green River Formation (western) and New Albany Shale (eastern) shale oils as recycling agents for aged asphalt pavement. Four petroleum asphalts were first aged by a thin-film accelerated-aging test, which simulates long service life of asphalt in pavement. The aged asphalts were mixed (recycled) with Green River Formation shale oil distillation residua to restore the original viscosities. Separately, for comparison, a commercial recycling agent was used to recycle the aged asphalts under the same circumstances. The recycled asphalts were reaged and the properties of both binder and asphalt-aggregate mixtures studied. Originally, the same study was intended for an eastern shale residua. However, the eastern shale oil distillation residua with the required flash point specification also had the properties of a viscosity ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article surveys studies into the global warming which have found that the OECD countries are responsible for less than half of the total registered warming. Calculation and analysis methods for estimating the global contributions from the blocks of OECD, Africa/America/Middle East, Asia and former Soviet Union/Eastern Europe are presented. The results and some pollution abatement measures are discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ultrafine grained steels with different carbon contents were produced through warm caliber rolling and evaluated for their stress-strain behavior along with the reduction in area. It was found that the reduction in area-tensile strength balance is far better than the conventional ferrite+pearlite steels and even superior to bainitic steels for all materials tested in the present study.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We fabricated lauric acid (LA) doped MgB{sub 2} wires and investigated the effects of the LA doping. For the fabrication of the LA-doped MgB{sub 2} wires, B powder was mixed with LA at 0-5 wt.% of the total amount of MgB{sub 2} using an organic solvent, dried, and then the LA-treated B and Mg powders were mixed stoichiometrically. The powder mixture was loaded into an Fe tube and the assemblage was drawn and sintered at 900 deg. C for 3 h under an argon atmosphere. We observed that the LA doping induced the substitution of C for the B sites in MgB{sub 2} and that the actual content of C increased monotonically with increasing LA doping level. The LA-doped MgB{sub 2} wires exhibited a lower critical temperature (T{sub c}), but better critical current density (J{sub c}) behavior in a high magnetic field: the 5 wt.% LA-doped sample had a J{sub c} value of 5.32 x 10{sup 3} A/cm{sup 2}, which was 2.17 times higher than that of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An improved labeling procedure for peptides attached to organometallic 99mTc(III) '4+1' mixed-ligand complexes in which the radiometal is coordinated by a tripodal tetradentate chelator 2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanethiol (NS3) and a monodentate isocyanide ligand is presented. The labeling procedure was evaluated by the synthesis of [99mTc(NS3)(L2-RGD)]. The containing radiopharmaceutically interesting RGD-peptide cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys] was modified with 4-isocyanobutanoic acid (L2) as linker conjugated to N6-Lys to get the monodentate ligand L2-RGD. The structural identity of the 99mTc-conjugate was confirmed by comparison to a Re reference compound. The Tc- and Re-conjugates had matching retention times under identical HPLC conditions. The 99mTc-labeling was performed in a novel one-step procedure using the eluate of a 99Mo/99mTc generator, NS3, the isocyanide modified peptide, SnCl2, Na2EDTA, mannitol and ascorbic acid in the reaction ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The chemical composition and evolution of formation waters associated with gas production in the Palm Valley field, Northern Territory, has important implications for reservoir management, saline water disposal, and gas reserve calculations. Historically, the occurrence of saline formation water in gas fields has been the subject of considerable debate. A better understanding of the origin, chemical evolution and movement of the formation water at Palm Valley has important implications for future reservoir management, disposal of highly saline water and accurate gas reserves estimation. Major and trace element abundance data suggest that a significant component of the highly saline water from Palm Valley has characteristics that may have been derived from a modified evaporated seawater source such as an evaporite horizon. The most dilute waters probably represent condensate and the variation in the chemistry of the intermediate waters suggests they were derived from a ...

CERN Document Server

There may be circumstances when a sector has to be partially or totally warmed-up to temperatures above 80 K, that is when thermal dilatation starts to play a role. Some equipment have been identify as presenting a risk, like the non-conform "plug-in" modules in the arcs. Because of motion induced by thermal dilatation, the electrical (ElQA) quality control may also have to be done again after cool-down. The main reason identified so far for partial warm-up is the required maintenance of the cooling towers and the cryogenics plants. There is also the request from the vacuum group to periodically warm-up the beam screen to temperatures in the 100 K region to release and pump-out the gas crysorbed on the surface of the beam screen. Observed and expected temperature conditions and statistics on failures of PIMs in sectors which have been warmed-up will be presented in this contribution. Methods to detect ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The invention relates to a method for purifying a gas mixture containing at least one undesirable gas compound utilizing certain sulfonamide or sulfamide solvents.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Page 1. ANALYSIS OF REACTION MIXTURE OF LAURIC ACID WITH MONO-

Science.gov (United States)

For the last four years, scientists at the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory have been searching for alternative soil and crop management practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon and nitrogen sequestration. ¿If we can redu...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization due to economic growth and concentration of social function in the urban areas in Japan have had an adverse effect on the urban environment. In most cities, it has become evident that the increase in energy consumption is causing environmental problems, including a temperature rise in the urban atmosphere (urban heat island) and air pollution. This paper reports the results of field observations and three dimensional simulations of the urban heat island using a three-dimensional modelling vorticity-velocity vector potential formation, in the Tokyo metropolitan area. According to the simulation for urban warming in the study area for the year 2031, the maximum temperature of a summer evening (18:00) would exceed 43 degrees celsius, indicating that Tokyo would no longer be comfortable for its inhabitants. It is concluded that in the near future, the problem of the urban heat island will become a more important ...

CERN Document Server

The 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab has identified two new large spectrometers as Physics detectors for the project. The first is a 7.5 Gev/c 35 m-sr. spectrometer that requires a pair of identical Combined Function Superconducting Magnets (CFSM) that can simultaneously produce 1.5 T dipole fields and 4.5 T/m quadrupole fields inside a warm bore of 120cm. The second is an 11 GeV/c 2 m-sr. spectrometer that requires a CFSM that simultaneously produces a dipole field of 4.0 T and a quadruple field of 3.0 T/m in a 60 cm warm bore. Magnetic designs using TOSCA 3D have been performed to realize the magnetic requirements, provide 3d fields for optics analysis and produce field and force information for the engineering feasibility of the magnets. A two-sector cos( theta )/cos(2 theta ) design with a low nominal current density, warm bore and warm iron design has been selected and analyzed. These low current ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundBlood sampling through heel lancing is the most common invasive painful procedure performed on newborn infants.Case PresentationWe report...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have exploited {open_quotes}progeny testing{close_quotes} to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the genetic variation of milk production in a selected dairy cattle population. A total of 1,518 sires, with progeny tests based on the milking performances of >150,000 daughters jointly, was genotyped for 159 autosomal microsatellites bracketing 1645 centimorgan or approximately two thirds of the bovine genome. Using a maximum likelihood multilocus linkage analysis accounting for variance heterogeneity of the phenotypes, we identified five chromosomes giving very strong evidence (LOD score {ge} 3) for the presence of a QTL controlling milk production: chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10 and 20. These findings demonstrate that loci with considerable effects on milk production are still segregating in highly selected populations and pave the way toward marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle breeding. 44 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Science.gov (United States)

Website hosted by the American Ceramics Society with history of ceramics education, along with notable ceramic engineering educators. "In May 1894, two rooms in the basement of The Ohio State University?s College of Engineering were set aside to create a new department: Clay-Working and Ceramics. Founded with a $10,000 grant from the State of Ohio, the department was the first of its kind anywhere in the nation. The course of study was the idea and personal project of Edward Orton Jr., a young mining engineer. Orton had gathered his ceramic knowledge, piece by piece, from various jobs in coalmines, glass factories and steel plants. In 1893 he was the superintendent for a factory that made paving bricks. Orton?s factory, hit by an ?acute crisis,? closed, leaving him with some unexpected extra time. He used the opportunity to lobby for the passage of what some people dubbed the ?Mud Pie Bill? ? legislated funding to establish a school to train professionals in the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A cross-flow atmospheric plasma jet with distilled water or analyte solution nebulization has been investigated. The plasma gas flows perpendicularly to the RF powered electrode (11.21 MHz) and a grounded electrode was added for plasma stabilization. The working parameters of the plasma generator can be controlled in order to maximize either the plasma power (75 W) or the voltage on the RF powered electrode (plasma power, 40 W). The plasma gas, pure argon (0.4 l min-1) or a mixture of argon (0.3-0.4 l min-1) and helium (0-0.2 l min-1), was also used for liquid nebulization. Optical emission of the plasma, collected in the normal viewing mode, was used for plasma diagnostics and for evaluating its excitation capabilities. The influence of helium content in the mixed-gas plasma on the plasma characteristics and on the emission axial profiles of the plasma gas constituents and of the analytes originate from the wet aerosol was studied. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A method for the analysis of three-component mixtures is described. The method is used for contact-free determination of component concentration in the mixtures transported via a product duct. Formulae as an aid in choosing the gamma radiation source and estimating the efficiency of measurement are given. The errors of measurement by the method of formaline-water-carbamide mixture is 1-2 %. 9 refs.; 1 fig.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... A simple representation of multiple scattering in simulation and reconstruction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report provides a brief overview of the history and planning for a proposed mixed waste disposal site on the Nevada Test Site. 8 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

Silanization of the silica gel surface in the synthesis of silica gel polyamine composites uses (chloropropyl)-trichlorosilane (CPTCS). It is possible to substitute a molar fraction of reagent CPTCS with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), creating a mixed silane surface layer. Two types of silica gels were modified with a series of MTCS:CPTCS molar ratios. Solid-state CP/MAS 29Si and 13C NMR spectroscopies were used to evaluate the surface silane composition. Surface silane coverage was markedly improved for the resulting gels. When polyamines were grafted to the resultant MTCS:CPTCS silane layers, it was shown that the decrease in the number of propyl attachments to the polyamine resulted in increased quantities of ''free amines''. Optimum MTCS:CPTCS ratios were determined for three polyamines grafted onto one silica gel. A substantial free amine increase was observed for poly(allylamine) (PAA). Metal uptake studies show increases in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Individual nanoscale building blocks exhibit a wide range of size-dependent properties, since their size can be tuned over known characteristic length scales of bulk materials. In the last several years, the possibility of combining different materials in the form of two and three component nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively explored. Also multi-component materials can be obtained via self-assembly of NPs from their binary colloidal mixtures. These new nanocrystal solids may possess tunable collective properties that originate from interactions between size and composition controlled building blocks. Exchange coupling between neighboring NPs of magnetically soft and hard materials enhances the magnetic energy product of the nanocomposite material. Randomly mixed solids of small and large semiconducting CdSe NPs revealed enhancement of photoluminescence intensity of large semiconductor particles accompanied by quenching of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Microcapsules consisting of alginate and hyaluronic acid that can be decomposed by radiation are currently under development. In this study, the composition of the microcapsule material was optimized by changing the amounts of alginate and hyaluronic acid. Solutions of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% (wt./vol.) hyaluronic acid were mixed into a 0.2% alginate solution. To these mixtures, carboplatin (0.2 mmol) was added and the resulting material was used for the capsule preparation. The capsules were prepared by spraying the material into a CaCl{sub 2} solution (0.34 mol/l) using a microatomizer. These capsules were irradiated by a single dose of 2, 5, or 10 Gy {sup 60}Co {gamma}-ray radiation. Immediately after irradiation, the releasing of core content of microcapsule was determined, using a micro particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) camera. The average diameter of the microcapsules was 22.3 {+-} 3.3 {mu}m, and that of the liquid core ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nitric acid leaching from the weak base anion (WBA) exchanger had been evaluated and based on this a 5% mixture of nitric acid loaded weak base anion exchanger with fresh weak base anion exchanger (NLWBA) at the bottom of the ion exchange column has been devised to maintain an outlet pH in the range of 5.0 to 5.5 during Gd removal from the moderator system of TAPP - 3 and 4. A three layered bed had been constituted wherein strong acid cation (SAC) exchanger is placed as the top layer while a mixed bed of SAC and WBA or pure WBA is used as the middle layer and the 5% NLWBA was used as the bottom most layer. This bed configuration would result in an iso-pH regime in the moderator system during the Gd removal along with quantitative removal of Gd. Two three-layer bed columns were prepared at TAPS - 3 and 4 in July 07. The resin was loaded in batches and after preparing the column, the column was deuterated with heavy water (> 99.75 % w/w) at a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility and the opportunity of photochemical pretreatment on the biodegradation and detoxification of Methyl Tert Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl Tert Butyl Ether (ETBE) and Tert Amyl Methyl Ether (TAME), the most common oxygenates used as octane enhancers in unleaded gasoline. The production, storage, uses and disposal of oxygenates result in an unknown amount of groundwater pollution. Because of their high solubility, MTBE, ETBE and TAME are detected in large portions in saturated zones of aquifers. The biodegradation of these oxygenates is difficult and slow, and information regarding their biodegradability is scarce. Photo-decomposition of oxidants under appropriate UV radiation has been shown to be very effective because the hydroxyl radicals produced possess high oxidation potential. In this study, the H{sub 2}O{sub 2}/UV process was used to generate hydroxyl radicals. Maximal oxygenates transformation was obtained in a few minutes. The ...

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Chemical admixtures are used in dam construction to improve plasticity of the dry materials mixture over time. Roller compacted concrete (RCC) has been used on many dam projects in China. However, the use of RCC has frequently resulted in water reduction problems. This paper provided details of an admixture based on polycarboxylate ether (PCE) which was developed to improve the quality of RCC constructions at the JinHong dam in China. Use of the polymer at the JinHong dam resulted in a vibration sensitive concrete that was sustained over time. Under identical mix-design and compaction conditions in the laboratory, specific gravity of the RCC was increased from 2417 kg/m{sup 3} to 2463 kg/m{sup 3}. The high specific gravity of the material resulted in satisfactory strength data from the dam project. The key-ratio of the splitting tensile strength versus compressive strength was higher than 8 per cent in all cases. A key advantage of the tailored ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Wastenet

...of Mixing Sections 9 Interacting Rotor/Stator Mixers 10 Floating Ring Mixing Devices 11 Static (or Motionless) Mixers 12 Incorporation of Liquid Additives and Dispersions by Direct Addition 13 Dispersive Mixing of Fillers and Pigments 14 Dispersive Mixing Applied to Polymer Blending 15 Compounding with Single Screw Extruders Appendix - Preparation of Microtome Sections for Assessment of Dispersive In order to get a feel for this book, you can view Chapter 1 now, simply follow the link ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The phenomenon of global warming, its causes and implications for the future, and the relationship between global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer are discussed. The Shindell model of the greenhouse effect, which is responsible for planetary warming, also contributes to the high altitude thinning of the ozone layer. While greenhouse gas emissions contribute to retaining infrared radiation, thus warming the surface of the earth, their effect is reduced at stratospheric altitudes resulting in reduced temperatures in this region. At this altitude temperatures can reach minus 90 degrees C, creating a whirlwind effect, with ice crystals forming at the heart of the vortex, causing the surface to accelerate chemical reactions which in turn leads to destruction of ozone. Although since the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 the industrialized countries have significantly reduced their ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molar excess volumes have been determined by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter for binary liquid mixtures of cycloalkanones (cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone) + cyclohexane, + benzene, and + tetrachloromethane. The V/sup E/ data are reported over the complete mole fraction range at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15{Kappa}. The obtained excess volumes are positive for mixtures of cyclopentanone with cyclohexane and are negative for mixtures of the cycloalkanones with benzene and tetrachloromethane; for the system cyclohexanone-cyclohexane the V/sup E/ values are positive for a wide range of mole fraction, but at very low cyclohexane mole fraction an inversion of the sign of V/sup E/ is observed. The data show that in the considered range of temperature the values of the temperature coefficient ({partial derivative}V/sup E//{partial derivative}T) are negative for mixtures of the cycloalkanones with benzene ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study concerns mixtures of triacetone triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane, TATP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) with added water (W), as the case may be, and dry mixtures of TATP with urea nitrate (UN). Relative performances (RP) of the mixtures and their individual components, relative to TNT, were determined by means of ballistic mortar. The detonation energies, E_0, and detonation velocities, D, were calculated for the mixtures studied by means of the thermodynamic code CHEETAH. Relationships have been found and are discussed between the RP and the E_0 values related to unit volume of gaseous products of detonation of these mixtures. These relationships together with those between RP and oxygen balance values of the mixtures studied indicate different types of participation of AN and UN in the explosive decomposition of the respective ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A general method is described to sequester peptides containing azides from complex peptide mixtures, aimed at facilitating mass spectrometric analysis to study different aspects of proteome...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Convolutive mixtures of signals, which are common in acoustic environments, can be difficult to separate into their component sources. Here we present a uniform probabilistic framework to separate...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dispersion mechanism of highly loaded coal-water mixture (CWM) in the presence of a polyelectrolyte additive was investigated. Two important factors have been found: the ability of the additive to apply a sufficient electric repulsive force to the coal particles, and an appropriate affinity of the additive to the coal surface.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There is increasing concern for the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to chemical mixtures. To better understand the complex interactions of chemicals within a mixture, it is essential...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... ATROPINE, HI-6 AND TOXOGONIN MIGHT OFFER THE SOLUTION FOR THE OVERALL PROTECTION AGAINST NERVE GAS POISONING HAS ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) focusing solenoid magnets focus the muon beam within the MICE cooling channel on a liquid or solid absorber that is within the warm bore of solenoid. The focusing magnet has a warm bore of 470 mm. his magnet consists of two coils 210-mm long that is separated by an aluminum mandrel that is 200 mm long. Each of the coils has its own leads. The coils may be operated in either the non-flip mode (solenoid mode with both coils at the same polarity) or the lip mode (quadrupole focusing mode where both coils are at opposite polarity). This report describes the focusing solenoid magnet design that will be built by the vendor. The progress on the construction of the first of the focusing magnets will also be discussed in this report. Ultimately three of these magnets will be built. These magnets will be cooled using a pair 1.5 W (at 4.2 K) pulse tube coolers.

CERN Document Server

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) arises from shock-heated gas collapsing in large-scale filaments and probably harbours a substantial fraction of the baryons in the local Universe. Absorption-line measurements in the ultraviolet (UV) and in the X-ray band currently represent the best method to study the WHIM at low redshifts. We here describe the physical properties of the WHIM and the concepts behind WHIM absorption line measurements of H I and high ions such as O VI, O VII, and O VIII in the far-ultraviolet and X-ray band. We review results of recent WHIM absorption line studies carried out with UV and X-ray satellites such as FUSE, HST, Chandra, and XMM-Newton and discuss their implications for our knowledge of the WHIM.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Esters of dihydric alcohols with alkenylphosphonic or alkenylphosphinic acids which are polymerizable by free radicals are described. They are combined with polymer binders, in particular water-soluble polymers, and photoinitiators forming free radicals to give photopolymerizable mixtures which are suitable for the production of photoresists and printing plates. The mixtures display low heat-sensitivity and have long shelf lives. (author) 1 tab.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents a compilation of data and model interpretation of CO{sub 2} with mixtures of amines. The data includes both absorption and desorption conditions in the 288-313K range. The combined mass transfer/equilibrium model can effectively represent CO{sub 2} mass transfer rates for the various mixtures under a wide range of conditions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This feasibility study of the uve Institut fuer Technische Chemie und Umweltschutz GmbH discusses the scientific and technical fundamentals of a catalytic process for complete removal of organic pollutants (PAH, H-HC, PCB, phenols, nitro-aromatics and organometallic compounds, e.g. from polluted soil and groundwater) by thermal-catalytic cracking and conversion into simple gases. The process is based on the catalytic reaction of the hydrocarbon compounds with water vapour in the temperature range of 700-900 degrees centigrade. The resulting gas mixtures consist mainly of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane which can be used as fuels, e.g. for heating or in gas engines. The process is an alterntive to combustion. It is therefore well suited whenever the pollutant to be removed is already mixed with water or water vapour and wherever in-situ removal would be too great a hazard. [Deutsch] Die vorliegende Machbarkeitsstudie aus ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study aims to investigate the difference in the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with two classes of zwitterionic peptides, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC). Further experiments were performed on model membranes prepared from specific bacterial lipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Salmonella minnesota. The structure of the lipid-peptide aqueous dispersions was studied by small-and wide-angle X-ray diffraction during heating and cooling from 5 to 85 C. The lipids and peptides were mixed at lipid-to-peptide ratios 10-10000 (POPE and POPC) or 2-50 (LPS). All experiments were performed at synchrotron soft condensed matter beamline A2 in Hasylab at Desy in Hamburg, Germany. The phases were identified and the lattice parameters were calculated. Alamethicin and melittin interact in similar ways with the lipids. Pure POPC forms only lamellar phases. POPE forms lamellar phases at low temperatures that upon heating transform ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liver paste or foie gras, which is a French term meaning fatty liver, was produced traditionally from goose and duck. Chickens are also used in the making of foie gras. The present study deals with the properties and quality of raw chicken and duck liver in comparison with manufactured liver paste (foie gras). Raw chicken liver contained 24.60% protein, 6.00% fat, 1.40 % ash, and 66.80% moisture. The average mineral values were 83.65, 50.75, 5.29, 1.15, 0.154, 0.683, 0.317 and 0.066 {mu}g/g of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr, respectively. The processing of liver paste (Foie gras) changed the composition of raw liver due to a loss in moisture, a release of fat and the addition of butter as a fat source. Chicken liver paste contained 27.8% moisture, 10.1% protein, 58.2% fat, and 0.8% ash. Mineral contents were 68.90, 40.50, 1.60, 1.1, 0.08, 0.22, 0.04 and 0.04 {mu}g/g of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr, respectively. The chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation of liver ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molar excess volumes, VE and molar excess enthalpies, HE of 1,3-dioxolane (D) (i) + propan-1-ol, 1,3-dioxolane (i) + butan-1-ol and 1,3-dioxolane (i) + butan-2-ol (j) binary mixtures have been measured as a function of composition at 308.15 K. The analysis of VE data by graph, theoretical approach reveals that while propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol exist as associated entities in the pure state; 1,3-dioxolane and butanol exist as monomers in their pure state. These (i+j) binary mixtures are characterized by interactions between ethereal oxygen atom of D(i) and hydrogen atom of alkanols. The IR studies lend additional support to the proposed structure of molecular entitles in these mixtures. The energetics of the mixtures have also been studied.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To test whether the dose addition and independent action models can predict the combined toxicity of the mixtures of phenol and aniline derivatives, six phenolic and two aniline derivatives were selected as the test components. The inhibition toxicity of the derivatives and their mixtures to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 indicated that all dose?response relationships could be effectively described by the Weibull function with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The combined toxicity of two equivalent-effect concentration ratio mixtures and eight uniform design concentration ratio mixtures could be predicted successfully by the dose addition model within 95% confidence intervals. However, it was also well predicted by the independent action model, especially at lower concentrations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NUPEC has carried out hydrogen mixing tests to investigate hydrogen distribution behavior within a model containment and to provide a set of experimental data for validation of severe accident analysis codes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy-momentum tensor of a massless spinor field is constructed and studied based on the previously proposed interpretation of quantum effects of such a field in the anisotropic metric of Bianchi type IX. The characteristic properties of the energy-momentum tensor in the mixed universe model are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bi-U mixed oxides were synthesized by two methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples were tested for the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen. A stepwise redox mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is proposed. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

This is an inquiry-based module created specifically for use with the PhET simulation Geometric Optics. It includes a lesson plan for teaching about convex lenses, step-by-step student directions, and a set of Power Point "clicker" questions for use as warm-up questions or informal assessment. This resource is part of a larger collection of interactive Java simulations for students of physics, developed by the Physics Education Technology project at the University of Colorado.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peculiarities of metastable #beta#-solid solution decmposition in titanium alloy VT30 in the process of isothermal ageing in the range 500-650 deg C are investigated. Using the methods of transmittion electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, etc., it is shown that in the case of alloy quenching from the temperature below the point of complete polymorphous transformation (T_t_._t_.), as well as after warm rolling the course of subsequent decomposition of solid solution can be consierably complicated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Center for Environmental Technology`s (CET) mission is to provide a fully integrated system for accelerated evaluation, development, commercialization, and public acceptance of creative environmental solutions which match the foremost demands in today`s environmentally sensitive world. In short, CET will create a means to provide quick, effective solutions for environmental needs. To meet this mission objective, CET has created a unique and innovative approach to eliminating the usual barriers in developing and testing environmental technologies. The approach paves the way for these emerging, cutting-edge technologies by coordinating environmental restoration and waste management activities of industry, universities, and the government to: efficiently and effectively transfer technology to these users, provide market-driven, cost-effective technology programs to the public and DOE, and aid in developing innovative ideas by initiating efforts between DOE ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Interest in energy systems based on hydrogen is growing rapidly. Countries including the USA, Japan and Germany have been active in this area for a number of years, but recently a large number of new countries have appeared on the hydrogen scene. These include Australia, Romanla, Greece, China and India. The main reason for this renewed interest is that a future hydrogen society may be one of the solutions to the two major challenges facing the future global economy: climate change and security of energy supply. Both these challenges require the development of new, highly-efficient energy technologies that are either carbon-neutral or emit only small amounts of carbon dioxide. While demand for oil is expected to keep on growing, the supply of oil is forecasted to peak within the next 10-20 years. In a longer time-perspective, there is thus a strong need for new fuels, especially in the transport sector. Several existing and emerging low-carbon energy technologies, including ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... and Security..........................13 Materials Science ... hybrid system theory, Internet analysis, materials science, mixing, physiology, iterative control ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... mixing coupled channel theory differential cross sections excited states helium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnitude of the isospin mixing in the decay of the T/sub greater-than/ giant dipole resonance has been estimated, using the (..gamma.., n) and (..gamma..,p) cross sections available for the medium-weight nuclei /sup 60/Ni, /sup 88/Sr, /sup 89/Y, /sup 90/Zr, and /sup 92/Mo. The deduced values show a fair correspondence with the existing data for mixing between compound states. From these results the mean mixing Coulomb matrix elements between compound states could also be derived.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Condensing curves are presented for a number of two-component mixed hydrocarbon working fluids which are potentially usable in binary geothermal cycles. Performance of geothermal thermodynamic cycles incorporating these fluids has been evaluated under separate cover; two figures summarizing the results of those evaluations have been included here for continuity. The purpose of this report is: first, to document the condensing curves which were used in the mixed fluid cycle analyses, and second, to provide background useful in the preliminary evaluation of heat rejection systems for advanced geothermal electric power plants utilizing mixed hydrocarbon working fluids. Some concluding remarks are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Fuels Material Examination Facility/Fuel Assembly Area is proposed to be used for fabrication of mixed oxide fuel to support the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) tritium/medical isotope mission. The plutonium isotope mix for the new mission is different than that analyzed in the FMEF safety analysis report. A reanalysis was performed of three representative accidents for the revised plutonium mix to determine the impact on the safety analysis. Current versions computer codes and meterology data files were used for the analysis. The revised accidents were a criticality, an explosion in a glovebox, and a tornado. The analysis concluded that risk guidelines were met with the revised plutonium mix.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A device for laying cut peat in drying formations is proposed consisting of separate compartments, reinforced on a common frame and with mechanisms for both vertical and horizontal mixing. In order to intensify the drying process, within the scope of laying cut peat, uniform clearances and spacing in formations is applied. The mixing compartments are joined in sections with capabilities for separate mixing in each unit. The compartments are joined together by hinges and can be turned 180 degrees on the hinges horizontal to the plane.

CERN Document Server

We discuss first the flavor mixing of the quarks, using the texture zero mass matrices. Then we study a similar model for the mass matrices of the leptons. We are able to relate the mass eigenvalues of the charged leptons and of the neutrinos to the mixing angles and can predict the masses of the neutrinos. We find a normal hierarchy - the masses are 0.004 eV, 0.01 eV and 0.05 eV. The atmospheric mixing angle is given by the mass ratios of the charged leptons and the neutrinos. we find about 40 degrees, consistent with the experiments. The mixing element, connecting the first neutrino wit the electron, is predicted to be 0.05. This prediction can soon be checked by the Daya Bay experiment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A permeable reactive mixture has been developed using low cost, readily available materials that is capable of providing effective, long-term phosphorous treatment in areas impacted by on-land wastewater disposal. The reactive mixture creates a geochemical environment suitable for P-attenuation by both adsorption and precipitation reactions. Potential benefits include significant reductions in phosphorous loading to receiving groundwater and surface water systems, and the accumulation of P-mass in a finite and accessible volume of material. The mixture may be applied as a component within surface treatment systems or in subsurface applications such as horizontal or vertical permeable reactive walls. The mixture averaged > 90% treatment efficiency over 3.6 years of continuous-flow laboratory column experiments. The mixture was further evaluated at the pilot-scale to treat ...

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The shifts induced by equimolar mixture of typical lanthanide shift reagent such as 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octadionato europium with silver trifluoroacetate in /sup 1/H NMR spectra of aromatic hydrocarbons have been used for analytical purposes; the NMR determination of m- and p-xylenes in mixtures has been chosen as an example. The use has been made of the difference between induced shifts of methyl group signals in the /sup 1/H NMR spectra of m- and p-xylenes. The magnitude of induced shifts of methyl groups signal in m-xylene is always larger than that of p-isomer, irrespective of contents of m- and p-xylenes in mixture.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies the quality of metallurgical coke produced from a mixture of USA (80%) and Soviet (20%) coking coals. Properties of coal were analyzed according to ICCP and ISO international standards, including mechanical and petrographic tests. Content of the coal mixture included 8.2% moisture, 7.6% ash, 0.98% sulfur, 27.7% volatiles. The swelling index was 6 and dilation index 15%. Properties of coke produced from this coal mixture in the Croatian Bakar coking plant are presented for lump sizes of 25-80 mm, 10-25 mm and 0-10 mm. The produced coke was of favorable quality, having a strength index of 4.70, an ASTM stability factor of 61, and an M40 strength of 73.3%. 9 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A rapid and highly reproducible chromatographic technique has been developed for analysis and purification of complex mixtures of oligoribonucleotides. The method utilizes a column of microparticulate...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using the radiation chemical method it is possible to prepare wood-plastic composites using doses of 1 to 2.5 kGy. The impregnation mixture in the wood gelatinates and subsequent curing using chemical initiators takes place without outflow of the mixture from the wood and without formation of incrustations. The basic components of the impregnation mixtures used were unsaturated polyester resins; styrene or methyl methacrylate was used as the thinner. The proven initiator of polymerization was 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. The technology is described of wood impregnation and radiation or chemical curing. The effects were monitored of viscosity, temperature, radiation dose and the concentrations of the individual components of the impregnation mixtures and initiators of polymerization on the process of the preparation of wood-plastic composites.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several experimental runs have been carried out to study nucleate boiling of binary mixtures consisting of Freon-11 and lube oils such as SUNISO 3GS and 4GS in oil concentrations ranging from 0 to 24% by volume. The effect of the heating source temperature on the rate of boiling at various pressures has been studied and the boiling curves at different oil concentrations and pressures have been investigated at an excess temperature of up to 80/sup 0/C. The experimental data have been used to find the effect of pressure, oil concentration and excess temperature on the boiling heat transfer coefficient. The P-T relations for both kinds of mixtures have been measured at different oil concentrations. The heat lost to the atmosphere have also been studied as a function of oil concentration for both kinds of mixtures.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The light gain due to S/sub 2/ molecules in a supersonically cooled gas mixture is calculated. The S/sub 2/ molecules formed due to the recombination of the sulfur atoms, and the combustion gas mixture was preheated in a precombustion chamber. Optimal gas flow and nozzle parameters are found which correspond to the highest possible light gain using Cs/sub 2/-Ar and S/sub 2/-Ar gas mixtures. The steady state gas flow in the nozzle was calculated, taking into account the chemical reactions in the one-dimensional approximation. It is shown that the maximum gain values vary in the 0.0001-0.002 range for gas pressures in the precombustion chamber in the range 10-100 atm. The optimal initial relative concentration of Cs/sub 2/ molecules and S/sub 2/ molecules are given. 32 references.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn biomedical ontologies, mereological relations have always been subject to special interest due to their high relevance in structural descriptions of anatomical entities,...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... The fuel proposed was a medium-thermal carbon black-liquid JP-i1 mixture. JP-iO or exo-tetrahydrodi (cyclopentadieue) is a pure hydrocarbon with ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study compares two series of solvents for application in aluminum electrolytic capacitors: ethylene glycol (EG) and water mixtures, and ethylene glycol and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) ionic liquid (IL) mixtures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were carried out with a previously anodized aluminum disk electrode. Comparative measurements of solution resistance, polarization resistance, AC capacitance, and passive current were made. The results show that EG?IL mixtures with low amounts of IL (10% IL?90% EG v/v) have a low solution resistance. Low values of solution resistance, high values of polarization resistance, small passive current, and uniform capacitance of anodized aluminum in EG?IL mixtures are favorable properties of ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 24 5 Exploding Bridgewire Test Vehicle.... . 0..... 25 ... 18 7 Results of Exploding Bridgewire TestLng of TP-41 and TP-41 Mixtures ..... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the technical options being considered for long term disposition of weapons grade plutonium is geologic storage at Yucca Mountain. Multikilogram quantities of plutonium are to be vitrified, placed within a heavy steel container, and buried in the material know as Nevada tuff. It has been postulated that after ten thousand years, geologic and chemical processes would have disintegrated the steel container and created the possibility for plutonium to form mixtures with Nevada tuff and water that could lead to a nuclear explosion in the range of kilotons. A survey and description of critical homogeneous mixtures of plutonium, silicon dioxide, Nevada tuff, and water which also identified the mixture regimes where autocatalytic dynamic behavior is possible was completed. This study is a follow up of this survey and the major objective is to examine the dynamic behavior of the worst case critical and supercritical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 5. Formation of the annular two-phase flow regime, with a wavy film on the

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

{sup 90}Sr, with a long half-life of 28.5 years, is the most dangerous strontium isotope. The adsorption behavior of radionuclides in the environment are closely related to the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. Since various types of minerals may exist in and around the repositories used for ultimate disposal of nuclear waste, the adsorption behavior of certain radionuclides onto and from these minerals and similar adsorbents should be studied in order to estimate the rates of transport of the nuclides in the event of water penetration into and through the repository. Information on the adsorption properties of the purified individual clay minerals may not be sufficient to predict the adsorption properties of a corresponding mixture, because these clay minerals may interact with each other and lead to modification of the adsorption properties of the mixture as compared to the pure minerals. The adsorption behavior of strontium on kaolinite ...

CERN Document Server

We outline to the community the value of a Magellanic Clouds Survey that consists of three components: I) a complete-area, high resolution, multi-band UV-near-IR broadband survey; II) a narrowband survey in 7 key nebular filters to cover a statistically significant sample of representative HII regions and a large-area, contiguous survey of the diffuse, warm ISM; and III) a comprehensive FUV spectroscopic survey of 1300 early-type stars. The science areas enabled by such a dataset are as follows: A) assessment of massive star feedback in both HII regions and the diffuse, warm ISM; B) completion of a comprehensive study of the 30 Doradus giant extragalactic HII region (GEHR); C) development and quantitative parameterization of stellar clustering properties; D) extensive FUV studies of early-type stellar atmospheres and their energy distributions; and E) similarly extensive FUV absorption-line studies of molecular cloud structure and ISM ...

CERN Document Server

Aims: The production of saturated organic molecules in hot cores and corinos is not well understood. The standard approach is to assume that, as temperatures heat up during star formation, methanol and other species evaporate from grain surfaces and undergo a warm gas-phase chemistry at 100 K or greater to produce species such as methyl formate, dimethyl ether, and others. But a series of laboratory results shows that protonated ions, typical precursors to final products in ion-molecule schemes, tend to fragment upon dissociative recombination with electrons rather than just ejecting a hydrogen atom. Moreover, the specific proposed reaction to produce protonated methyl formate is now known not to occur at all. Methods: We utilize a gas-grain chemical network to probe the chemistry of the relatively ignored stage of hot core evolution during which the protostar switches on and the temperature of the surrounding gas and dust rises from 10 K to over 100 K. During this ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are two major water currents off the coast of Peru in South America. The Humboldt or Peru current travels northwest across latitudes 35/sup 0/S to 6/sup 0/S. To the north, a branch of the equatorial current flows southward down to latitudes 6-7/sup 0/S in normal years. Its warm, less salty water is poor in nutrients and cannot support fishery. In some years, this warm current extends much more southward, down to 12/sup 0/S. This has a catastrophic effect leading to a mass mortality of the anchovies and, in turn, of the guano birds and less production of farm crops. This phenomenon occurs around Christmas (summer in the southern hemisphere) and is, therefore, called El Nino. The main feature of El Nino is to change the sea surface temperature. An abnormal rise in sea surface temperature can give rise to odd air movements which can change the monsoons pattern, even at distant places, profoundly. In the past 26 years, when El Ninos have ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have begun the ExploreNEOs project in which we observe some 700 Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) at 3.6 and 4.5 ?m with the Spitzer Space Telescope in its Warm Spitzer mode. From these measurements and catalog optical photometry we derive albedos and diameters of the observed targets. The overall goal of our ExploreNEOs program is to study the history of near-Earth space by deriving the physical properties of a large number of NEOs. In this paper, we describe both the scientific and technical construction of our ExploreNEOs program. We present our observational, photometric, and thermal modeling techniques. We present results from the first 101 targets observed in this program. We find that the distribution of albedos in this first sample is quite broad, probably indicating a wide range of compositions within the NEO population. Many objects smaller than 1 km have high albedos (?>0.35), but few objects larger than 1 km have high albedos. This result is consistent ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The collision of the Earth with extra-terrestrial ice-volatile bodies is proposed as a mechanism to produce rapid changes in the geologic record. These bodies would be analogs of the ice satellites found for the Jovian planets and suspected for comets and certain low density bodies in the Asteroid belt. Five generic end-members are postulated: (1) water ice; (2) dry ice: carbon-carbon dioxide rich, (3) oceanic (chloride) ice; (4) sulfur-rich ice; (5) ammonia hydrate-rich ice; and (6) clathrate: methane-rich ice. Due to the volatile nature of these bodies, evidence for their impact with the Earth would be subtle and probably best reflected geochemically or in the fossil record. Actual boloids impacting the Earth may have a variable composition, generally some admixture with water ice. However for discussion purposes, only the effects of a dominant component will be treated. The general geological effects of such collisions, as a function of the dominant component would be: (1) rapid sea ...

CERN Document Server

Association rule mining aims to explore large transaction databases for association rules. Classical Association Rule Mining (ARM) model assumes that all items have the same significance without taking their weight into account. It also ignores the difference between the transactions and importance of each and every itemsets. But, the Weighted Association Rule Mining (WARM) does not work on databases with only binary attributes. It makes use of the importance of each itemset and transaction. WARM requires each item to be given weight to reflect their importance to the user. The weights may correspond to special promotions on some products, or the profitability of different items. This research work first focused on a weight assignment based on a directed graph where nodes denote items and links represent association rules. A generalized version of HITS is applied to the graph to rank the items, where all nodes and links are allowed to have ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In areas where radiation dose monitoring has not been performed, it is essential to use material available in the environment be able to rapidly assess doses to individuals for immediate emergency medical care or for general estimation of the radiological consequences. It was shown that certain types of telephone cards containing microchips have the potential to be used as individual radiation dosimeters in emergency situations to detect doses over 250 mGy by luminescence measurements. In order to understand the dosimetric properties of chip cards, the components obtained from INFINIEON Company at various stages of production were used for luminescence measurements. It is found that the protecting layer used above the chips so called 'globe top' is the main source of radiation induced signal in chip cards. The globe top produced by INFINIEON at that stage is found to contain SiO2 and Epoxy. In order to improve the dosimetric properties of the chip cards, the raw material of the globe ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sigma 1) examines ways to reduce the number of breakdowns of pressure-regulating stations and to minimize the energy consumed in warming the gas, 2) determines the optimal gas temperatures upstream from the pressure reduction, and 3) shows the dependence of energy consumption upon the water dewpoint. The method of calculating the optimal input temperature relies on Mollier's diagram. Tables and nomographs for natural gas and water dewpoint at 19/sup 0/F and 580 psi (-7/sup 0/C and 4 MPa) are useful in achieving the desired gas temperatures. Heating the regulators' control valves is important.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Direct electric heating by passing an electrical current directly through a bed of adsorbent may prove to be an efficient means of regenerating activated charcoal in continuous and batch adsorption processes. Obvious advantages of this type of regeneration are its almost complete lack of inertia, which makes it possible to reduce the number and dimensions of the adsorbers, and its highly efficient use of energy due to the small number of steps in the conversion of the energy, as well as the reduction of heat losses involved in warming the structure and making up for losses to the surroundings. The authors consider the kinetics of direct electric heating of a stationary bed of activated charcoal not containing adsorbed substances.

Wastenet

... (restricted)] 251-260 Revisiting new variant famine: the case of Swaziland by Scott Naysmith & Alex Waal & Alan Whiteside [Downloadable! (restricted)] 261-269 Food prices and the HIV response: findings from rapid regional assessments in eastern and southern Africa in 2008[InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.][InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.] by Stuart Gillespie & Paul Jere & John Msuya & Scott Drimie [Downloadable! (restricted)] 271-289 Declining global per capita agricultural production and warming oceans ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The justification, strategies, and technology options for implementing advanced district heating and cooling systems in the United States are presented. The need for such systems is discussed in terms of global warming, ozone depletion, and the need for a sustainable energy policy. Strategies for implementation are presented in the context of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act and proposed new institutional arrangements. Technology opportunities are highlighted in the areas of advanced block-scale cogeneration, CFC-free chiller technologies, and renewable sources of heating and cooling that are particularly applicable to district systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process and apparatus for solidifying radioactive waste liquid containing dissolved and/or suspended solids is disclosed. The process includes chemically treating for pH adjustement and precipitation of solids, concentrating solids with a thin-film evaporator to provide liquid concentrate containing about 50% solids, and drying the concentrate with heated mixing apparatus. The heated mixing apparatus includes a heated wall and working means for shearing dried concentrate from internal surfaces and subdividing dry concentrate into dry, powdery particles. The working means includes a rotor and helical means for positively advancing the concentrate and resulting dry particles from inlet to outlet of the mixing apparatus. The dry particles may also be encapsulated in a matrix material. Entrained particles in the vapor stream from the evaporator and mixer are removed in an integral particle separator and the vapor is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimental and computational studies were performed to confirm the enhancement of turbulent heat transfer performance in the 6x6 simulated rod bundle subchannel by generating the large scale secondary vortex flow. Experimental studies were carried out at Reynolds Number 10,000 with atmospheric condition. Axial variations of mean velocity and turbulent intensity in the rod bundle subchannel were measured by the 2-color LDV measurement system. Computational works were accomplished using the commercial CFD code, FLUENT. Normal operating condition of Uljin 3, 4 nuclear power plant is used in computation works as an initial condition. The LSSVF mixing vanes generate the most strong secondary flow vortices that maintain about 35 D_H after the spacer grid. The LSSVF mixing vane influences strongly to flow mixing in adjacent subchannels because large scale stream wise vortices in subchannel sustain two times more than that in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports the estimates concerning the atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption and storage by living plants all over the world. It is necessary to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations for avoiding global warming. As living plants absorb carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and accumulate carbon in their bodies, they can play an important role to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide. Literatures describing distribution areas, biomass values and net primary productivity (NPP) of forests, marine plants and microorganisms were collected. Examining those data, the biomass and NPP of forests, marine plants and microorganisms can be summarized as follows: (1) Forest biomass and their NPP of the world. The world's forest area is recently estimated as 4 billion hectares, and their biomass is about 400 billion tons of carbon which is equal to 2/3 of the total atmospheric carbon. The NPP of the world's forest is estimated as 25-35 billion tons ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thermodynamic consideration and process calculations at equilibrium conditions showed that processes for separating gas mixtures by partial condensation at low temperatures using turboexpanders have got less energy losses than processes with quasi isobar partial condensation. Compared to the low-pressure parts of condensing steam turbines in turboexpanders less erosion problems are to expected for such separating processes. Separation of liquid in the machine, however, is more difficult withouf additional measures. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A multiple metal oxide sorbent supported on a zeolite of substantially silicon oxide is used for the desulfurization of process gas streams, such as from a coal gasifier, at temperatures in the range of about 1200.degree. to about 1600.degree. F. The sorbent is provided by a mixture of copper oxide and manganese oxide and preferably such a mixture with molybdenum oxide. The manganese oxide and the molybdenum are believed to function as promoters for the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with copper oxide. Also, the manganese oxide inhibits the volatilization of the molybdenum oxide at the higher temperatures.

CERN Document Server

The Rayleigh scattering length has been calculated for rare-gas liquids in the ultraviolet for the frequencies at which they luminesce. The calculations are based on the measured dielectric constants in the gas phase, except in the case of xenon for which measurements are available in the liquid. The scattering length mayplace constraints on the design of some large-scale detectors, using uv luminescence, being proposed to observe solar neutrinos and dark matter. Rayleigh scattering in mixtures of rare-gas mixtures is also discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Results are given of numerical simulation of three-dimensional pattern of flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture in the house of a PGV-1000 horizontal steam generator obtained using the BAGIRA best-estimate thermohydrodynamic computer codes. The space distributions of velocities and local void fractions in the steam generator housing for different modes of operation of power-generating unit are calculated and compared with available experimental data.