British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work, a powerful analytical method, called He's parameter-expanding methods (HPEM) is used to obtain the exact solutions of non-linear modified Van der Pol's oscillator. The classical Van der Pol equation with delayed feedback and a modified equation where a delayed term provides the damping are considered. It is shown that one term in series expansions is sufficient to obtain a highly accurate solution, which is valid for the whole solution domain. Comparison of the obtained solution with those obtained using perturbation method shows that this method is effective and convenient to solve this problem. This method introduces a capable tool to solve this kind of non-linear problems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A non-linear analysis of a Cerenkov maser is presented. The system consists of a ring configuration of a cylindrical waveguide filled with a dielectric material. A single transverse-magnetic mode is assumed to propagate in the system. A low-density pencil electron beam travels in part of the ring, confined by a strong axial magnetic field. Using the single-particle description for the beam and the wave equation for the field, we obtain a set of two coupled non-linear differential equations describing the slowly varying amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic mode. The gain per path is assumed to be small and the spatial growth of the field is neglected. The resulting time dependent amplitude includes the exponential gain of the linear stage and the saturation to its maximum value. The time dependent frequency is also calculated. The two equations are combined to a single Van Der Pol equation with a non-linear restoring force. This ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The compressive and torsional buckling behavior of carbon nanotube bundles at room temperature is examined with classical molecular dynamics simulation. The critical compressive load and stiffness of a single carbon nanotube in the bundle are found to be similar to those of individual carbon nanotubes. However, the critical torsional moment and stiffness of a single carbon nanotube in the bundle are found to be higher than those of individual carbon nanotubes. In addition, this study demonstrates that van der Waals interactions between the nanotubes in the bundle significantly affect the critical compressive load of the nanotube bundle.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents fundamental studies on natural biosorption to algae of heavy metals. The investigations were carried out by TU Berlin University in a special research project (Sfb 193, 'Biologische Behandlung industrieller und gewerblicher Abwaesser'). The chlorophyceae C. vulgaris was used as reference alga, and 38 further algae were analzyed with regard to their sorption characteristics for lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. The most effective algae were the chlorophyceae C. salina, the cyanophyceae S. hofmani and L. taylorii. The biosorption characteristics of C. salina and L. taylorii were investigated in detail. L. taylorii was found to be exploitable successfully in a technical process, so the investigations were extended to include copper. Knowledge about the chemical processes of biosorption is important for any attempt to modify the biosorption characteristics. Experiments on the incorporation of additional functional groups in the cell ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The primary charge separation in photosynthetic bacteria generates a dimeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cation and a bacteriopheophytin (BPheo) anion which lie within close proximity of each other (approx. 10 A). The two radicals also lie within van der Waals contact on opposite sides of a lone BChl bridging molecule. Spectral changes in the red (Q/sub y/) band of the bridge BChls have been observed on picosecond time scales following excitation of the reaction center (RC) and have been variously attributed to the formation of a BChl anion, to a charge-transfer state, or to electrochromic effects. They present calculations here which suggest that electrochromic effects caused by the photogenerated cation and/or anion can rationalize the optical changes observed in the flash photolyses as well as in trapping experiments.

Science.gov (United States)

Jan 22, 2011 ... Items for Author "van den Bosch, J." ... Green, R.; Chrien, T.; Chovit, C.; Nielsen, P.; Eng, B.; Simmonds, J.; Conel, J.; van den Bosch, J. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

60 patients between 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The length of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A numeric method for predicting mineral ash deposition in coal dust furnaces is presented which is based on a bidirectional working time coupling of thermodynamic calculation routines (ChemApp{sup TM}) with the commercial CFD code FLUENT{sup TM}. The deposition characteristics of particles and wall surfaces is assessed on the basis of evaluations of flow simulation parameters and results of thermodynamic calculations for the mineral matter contained in the fuel particles, taking into account the complete energy, momentum and mass exchange history of the ash and the mineral conversion. The models enables calculations of the gaseous release of mineral components (e.g. alkaline substances and chlorine) from ash during combustion and its distribution inside a combustion chamber. The method and model are validated using experimental data. (orig.) [German] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein numerisches Verfahren beschrieben, mit dem die ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The application of the phased array technique was limited to heavy and thick wall components as present in the nuclear industry. With the improvement of the equipment and probes other application areas are now open for the phased array technique, e.g. the inspection of the turbine blade root, weld inspection in a wall thickness range between 12 and 40 mm, inspection of aircraft components, inspection of spot welds or inspection of concretes. The aim of the use of phased array techniques has not been changed related to the first applications, i.e. the adaptation of the sound beam to the geometry by steering the angel of incidence or the skewing angle as well as the focussing of sound fields. Due to the fact, that the new applications of the phased array techniques in some cases don't leave the laboratories for the time being, the examples of this contribution will focus applications with practical background. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

We study from a critical perspective several quantum-electrodynamic phenomena commonly related to vacuum electromagnetic (EM) fluctuations in complex media. We compute the resonance-shift, the spontaneous emission rate, the local density of states and the van-der-Waals-Casimir pressure in a dielectric medium using a microscopic diagrammatic approach. We find, in agreement with some recent works, that these effects cannot be attributed to variations on the energy of the EM vacuum but to variations of the dielectric self-energy. This energy is the result of the interaction of the bare polarizability of the dielectric constituents with the EM fluctuations of an actually polarized vacuum. We have found an exact expression for the spectrum of these fluctuations in a statistically homogeneous dielectric. Those fluctuations turn out to be different to the ones of normal radiative modes. It is the latter that carry the zero-point-energy (ZPE). Concerning spontaneous ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poly-Lactic-Acid (PLA) was evaluated for coating of vascular endoprotheses in the treatment of experimental arterio-venous-fistulae (AVF). Bilateral carotid-external jugular AVF were created in 5 adult dogs. 7 PLA coated nitinol stents were placed via a transfemoral approach covering 5 AVF. The contralateral AVF remained untreated. Angiography was performed immediately after stent placement, at weeks 1 and 3 and at months 3, 6 and 9. All grafts were removed and underwent histologic examination. In 2 cases the occlusion of the AVF was successful, while misplacement occurred in 3 cases. Occlusion of the parent vessel was disclosed in 3 cases. Histologic examination revealed a mild inflammatory reaction with the presence of macrophages. There was no foreign-body reaction or fragmentation of the arterial vessel wall. PLA, which is a well-known biodegradable material, showed a good mid-term biocompatibility. Elastic mismatch of the non-elastic coating and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: To report the detection of con-compacted ventricular myocardium (NVCM) with MRI compared to echocardiography in 8 patients. Material and methods: Non-compaction of the ventricular myocardium is a congenital disorder characterized by an altered structure of the myocardial wall resulting from an intrauterine arrest in endomyocardial embryogenesis. The morphological findings consist of a prominent meshwork of multiple myocardial trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses, communicating with the left ventricular cavity. 8 consecutive patients (mean age 7.3 years) with clinical and echocardiographic signs of NCVM were examined by MRI (1.5 T, Vision, Siemens) in short axis and 2- and 4-chamber views, using T{sub 1}-weighted TSE and Cine-GRE in 6 patients and true FISP sequences in 2 patients. MRI and echocardiography were evaluated for visibility, signs of NCVM and involvement of myocardial wall segments. Thickness was measured for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: For planning the therapeutic strategies and estimating the prognosis in esophageal cancer, N-staging is very important. To date, MRI still is of minor importance as imaging modality of the mediastinum despite promising developments in the past, like ECG-gating or 'averaging' sequences, e.g. LOTA (Long-term averaging), which facilitate mediastinal and thoracic MR-imaging. In a prospective approach, the value of MRI based N-staging was examined with respect to LOTA-sequences. Material and Methods: Within from weeks prior to esophagectomy, standardized MRI of the esophagus was performed in 15 patients (10 squamous-cell-carcinomas and 5 adenocarcinomas) using a 1.5 T whole body scanner. Imaging quality was classified based on depiction of aortic wall or tracheal wall layers. Criteria for malignant infiltration were a diameter of more than 15 mm or a round appearance of a lymph node together with GD-DTPA enhancement. All ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

FLUTAN is a highly vectorized computer code for 3D fluiddynamic and thermal-hydraulic analyses in Cartesian or cylinder coordinates. It is related to the family of COMMIX codes originally developed at Argonne National Laboratory, USA, and particularly to COMMIX-1A and COMMIX-1B, which were made available to FZK in the frame of cooperation contracts within the fast reactor safety field. FLUTAN 2.0 is an improved version of the FLUTAN code released in 1992. It offers some additional innovations, e.g. the QUICK-LECUSSO-FRAM techniques for reducing numerical diffusion in the k-{epsilon} turbulence model equations; a higher sophisticated wall model for specifying a mass flow outside the surface walls together with its flow path and its associated inlet and outlet flow temperatures; and a revised and upgraded pressure boundary condition to fully include the outlet cells in the solution process of the conservation equations. Last but not least, a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments for lifetime prediction of the first wall are being carried out within the framework of the European fusion reactor programme. Defects such as notches and cavities may develop in the first wall and may initiate under cyclic thermal stress cracking processes which may reduce the service life of the material. For examination of crack growth, specimens with defined initial notches were prepared and subjected to cyclic thermal loads. The paper shows that the eddy current method is suitable for detecting and revealing the crack growth processes even under conditions of complex geometry, as e.g. cracks in inner bores. The experiments indicated particularly susceptible, critical spots in the first wall and yielded crack growth rates of use for lifetime calculations. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Im Rahmen des europaeischen Fusionsreaktorprogramms werden Untersuchungen zur Lebensdauervorhersage der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a result of a lower value of the energy efficiency coefficient (EPC) for houses and the implementation of the Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), both in 2006, the interest in applying renewable energy systems is growing. Therefore, this issue is dedicated to renewable energy and related energy systems. [Dutch] Het begrip 'duurzaam' is van toepassing op twee pijlers: een pijler betreft het gebruik van duurzame materialen, de tweede pijler is duurzame energie. Door verlaging van de Energieprestatiecoefficient (EPC) voor woningen per 2006 en de invoering van de Europese richtlijn Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) in 2006, krijgt duurzame energie een nieuwe impuls. Reden voor de redactie van ThemaTech om deze aflevering te wijden aan duurzame energie en verwante ystemen.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neutron reflectometry (NR) was used to measure the concentration profile of a symmetric PEP/dPEP polymer blend with nanometer-scale resolution in the one-phase region. The shape of the profile near the surface was found to differ significantly from mean-field theory predictions for all bulk concentrations and temperatures surveyed. The profile shape is flattened at the surface over a distance about half the bulk correlation length, a length scale far greater than that of the dispersive forces that are the dominant microscopic interaction in such blends. We introduce a new method for extracting the surface energy difference that drives segregation based on the Gibbs adsorption equation (GAE) and compare it to a previous method based on mean-field theory. While both methods produce qualitatively similar results (the surface energy of pure dPEP is {approx}0.21 mJ/m{sup 2} smaller than pure PEP), the GAE method is much less model dependent, requiring knowledge of only the free energy of ...

Science.gov (United States)

No abstract available.

Science.gov (United States)

... CVn) consisting of a dM3 star and a cool white dwarf that must have evolved through the common-envelope stage of binary star evolution (Else van ...

CERN Document Server

Eigenschaften von Atomuhren und ihre Verwendung bei der Zeitskalenherstellung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This is the first interdisciplinary approach to urban water and waste water managment. The author presents the knowledge acquired during the project. [German] Die ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Wasserwirtschaft in urbanen Gebieten ist sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Praxis neu. Zwischen der Bearbeitung eines Forschungsprojektes und eines Ingenieurprojektes gibt es grundsaetzliche Differenzen, trotzdem sind wir der Meinung, dass es bezueglich der interdisziplinaeren Aspekte und der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Wasserwirtschaft sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Praxis aehnliche Probleme gibt. Aus diesem Grunde wird in dieser Arbeit versucht ueber einige Erfahrungen aus dem interdisziplinaeren und ganzheitlichen Forschungsprojekt zu berichten. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report focuses on the question whether a further increase in environmental taxes can contribute to achieving a sustainable economy in which depletion and climate risks should be reduced to an acceptable level for 2050. The strategy to achieve this consists of four main elements: (1) Introduction of a new CO2 tax as part of the Energy Tax; (2) Broadening of the Energy Tax to sectors such as agriculture and industry and the cancellation of subsidies and tax rebates; (3) Expansion of new tax bases for import / production of natural resources (wood, fish, meat) and space; and (4) European agenda on 'greening'. [Dutch] In dit rapport staat de vraag centraal of een verdere groei van milieubelastingen een bijdrage kan leveren aan het realiseren van een duurzame economie waarin klimaat- en uitputtingsrisico's tot een aanvaardbaar niveau moeten zijn teruggebracht voor 2050. De strategie om dit te bereiken bestaat uit vier ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Netherlands Chemical Industry Association (VNCI) is investigating the potential for expansion of the CHP capacity in the Dutch chemical industry. This report discusses the return on investment for CHP installations and the market conditions. Moreover, scenario results are presented for the CHP potential and the development of CHP in the chemical industry until 2020. [Dutch] De Vereniging van de Nederlandse Chemische Industrie (VNCI) heeft onderzoek laten uitvoeren om vast te stellen welke economische en beleidsmatige voorwaarden er zijn om het WKK-potentieel in de Nederlandse chemie te realiseren. Dit rapport brengt de marktpositie van WKK en de rentabiliteit van investeringen in WKK in beeld. Verder worden resultaten gegeven voor de potentiele energiebesparing en emissiereductie en wordt een scenario gepresenteerd voor het WKK-potentieel in de chemische industrie tot 2020.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Die Festigkeitshypothesen und Flie?fl?chen aus den klassischen Kursen der Mechanik (die Normalspannungshypothese, die Modelle nach von Mises und Tresca) reichen oft nicht aus, das tats?chliche Verhalten von Bauteilen unter Belastung zu erfassen. Deshalb werden in der Literatur weitere Modelle mit einem oder mehreren Parametern vorgeschlagen. Diese Modelle beschr?nken allerdings die Geometrien der zul?ssigen Formen der Fl?chen im Spannungsraum. In dieser Arbeit wird ein auf die Zugspannung normiertes Druck-Torsion-Diagramm vorgestellt, in dem sich die Modelle inkompressiblen Materialverhaltens miteinander vergleichen lassen. Mit diesem Diagramm wird der Begriff der Symmetrie der Fl?che in der ?-Ebene verdeutlicht. Die konvexen Fl?chen inkompressiblen Materialverhaltens sind ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Robert van Gulik was a respected Dutch sinologist and author who first translated a collection of traditional Chinese detective stories into English and then created additional fictional stories based...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of a comprehensive infrared imaging search for the putative 0.06 M{sub {circle_dot}} astrometric companion to the 4.4 pc white dwarf van Mannen 2 are reported. Adaptive optics images acquired at 3.8 {micro}m reveal a diffraction limited core of 0.09 inch and no direct evidence of a secondary. Models predict that at 5 Gyr, a 50 M{sub J} brown dwarf would be only 1 magnitude fainter than van Maanen 2 at this wavelength and the astrometric analysis suggested a separation of 0.2 inch. In the case of a chance alignment along the line of sight, a 0.4 mag excess should be measured. An independent photometric observation at the same wavelength reveals no excess. In addition, there exist published ISO observations of van Maanen 2 at 6.8 {micro}m and 15.0 {micro}m which are consistent with photospheric flux of a 6750 K white dwarf. If recent brown dwarf models are correct, there is no substellar companion with T{sub eff} ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A procedure has been developed for judging one-pile foundations for wind turbines. It appears that these foundations are good alternatives for block foundations. It is recommended to develop a program for testing one-pile foundations and to carry out a further research into their dynamic behavior.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PCR was used with the primer pair VANS1-NS21 to detect the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices (commercial inoculum source) on roots of lettuce, zinnia, leek, pepper, and endive plants....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report gives an overview of Dutch R&D efforts in the field of energy supply. For a wide range of energy carriers and groups of technologies information is gathered on a number of aspects: the current status of relevant technologies, the current and potential application in the Netherlands, the governmental budget and the non-governmental budget for R&D, the parties involved in R&D, the main R&D topics, and environmental and societal aspects of application. 3 tabs., 98 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1972). Germany Raab, A. Kraftwerk Union AG, Muelheim an der Ruhr (FR

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Der folgende Artikel setzt die Reihe unserer ChiuZ-Beitrge zur Chemi- und Biolumineszenz mit einer interessanten und neuen experimentellen Arbeit zum -kalten Licht- spezieller ungesttigter Verbindungen fort, deren Anwendung auch in der modernen Zeit der Nanotechnologie im biochemischen bzw. medizinisch-chemischen Labor vllig neue Akzente gesetzt hat.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Terminal differentiation of many vascular cells involves cell wall changes. Cells first elongate their primary wall, then lay down a lignified secondary wall, which is often followed by digestion of...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

We study the production of gravitational waves from cosmic domain walls created during phase transition in the early universe. We investigate the process of formation and evolution of domain walls by running three dimensional lattice simulations. If we introduce an approximate discrete symmetry, walls become metastable and finally disappear. We calculate the spectrum of gravitational waves produced by collapsing metastable domain walls. Extrapolating the numerical results, we find the signal of gravitational waves produced by domain walls whose energy scale is around 10^10-10^12GeV will be observable in the next generation gravitational wave interferometers.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The molecular structure, chemical properties, and biological function of the xyloglucan polysaccharide isolated from cell walls of suspension-cultured sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus)...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MPA research activities focus on fracture prevention and on the development of a generally applicable method of component integrity testing which, independent of the safety relevance of the components involved, is also part of ageing management. (orig.) [German] Die Forschungsaktivitaeten an der MPA im Hinblick auf die Erhoehung der Sicherheit und Zuverlaessigkeit komplex beanspruchter Bauteile orientieren sich an den Grundgedanken des Basissicherheitskonzepts (Prinzip des Bruchausschlusses). Zielsetzung war dabei die Entwicklung eines allgemein anwendbaren Nachweisverfahrens zur Komponentenintegritaet, das, abhaengig von der sicherheitstechnischen Relevanz der zu betrachtenden Komponenten, auch Bestandteil des Alterungsmanagements ist. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview is given of the developments with regard to the ease of operation of water heaters in houses, in particular the option to use remote control (e.g. the telephone) to adjust the temperature. [Dutch] Woonkwaliteit betekent voor de meeste mensen een combinatie van luxe, comfort en gemak. Vertaald naar ons vakgebied, houdt dat onder andere in: luxe badkamers met bijvoorbeeld massagedouches, waarvoor grote volumestromen warmtapwater benodigd zijn, een comfortabel binnenklimaat en een stuk bedieningsgemak om een en ander te realiseren. Nu is Nederland een uitgesproken combiketel land, waarbij de ketel over het algemeen met behulp van eenvoudige (klok)thermostaten wordt geregeld. Onze Oosterburen kiezen veel vaker voor separate ketel-boilercombinaties voor een groot warmtapwater comfort en uitgebreide regelapparatuur voor de (ruimte)temperatuurregeling. Maar ook in Nederland neernt de vraag naar meer warmwater toe en worden steeds ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the first part of the nineties many office buildings were equipped with indoor climate installations which do not meet present standards. Several options are available to improve such installations for ventilation capacity, cooling capacity, thermal comfort and air quality. One of the options concern the installation of an air conditioner in combination with heat recovery. In this article attention is paid to the renovation of the air conditioning system in the Printer house, an office building in Zwolle, Netherlands. [Dutch] Begin jaren negentig zijn veel kantoorpanden gebouwd waarvan de klimaatinstallatie tegenwoordig niet meer voldoet. De ventilatiecapaciteit is ontoereikend en koeling is mondjesmaat aanwezig, of slechts als topkoeling. Het comfort en de luchtkwaliteit zijn dan ook onder de maat. Er zijn verschillende mogelijkheden om dit te verbeteren. Plaatsing van een nieuwe luchtbehandelingskast met warmteterugwinning is daar een van. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In a prospective study 102 patients with malignant tumors of the tongue, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx were staged by means of MRI. Special attention was directed at those tumour extensions that could influence the treatment strategy. The MR findings were correlated with the results of palpation, endoscopy, ultrasound, computerised tomography and histopathological findings. MRI showed a good delineation of pT{sub 2} to pT{sub 4} tumours. However, visualisation of small tumours in the soft palate, the tonsils, the pyriform sinuses and vocal cords was difficult. In conclusion our results suggest that in addition to endoscopy MRI is a valuable tool for the examination of tumours of tongue, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. (orig.) [Deutsch] In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 102 Patienten mit malignen Tumoren der Mundhoehle, des Oro- und Hypopharynx sowie des Larynx mit der Mgnetresonanztomographie (MRT) untersucht, wobei besonders Wert ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The most important aim of the title program is to investigate the possibility to convert long-lived actinides and mobile fission products in short-lived and stable isotopes by means of nuclear transmutation and recycling. First, an overview is given of the present situation regarding fission material waste, the origin of such waste in light water reactors and the options for interim and ultimate storage. Next, attention is paid to the aim of the the RAS program, the working method and the results so far of national and international research on the transmutation of actinides and fission products. Speculative expectations for the future are briefly outlined. The report also contains four appendices with technical aspects of the title subject: the RAS program of ECN, chemical aspects of reprocessing fission material, transmutation in fission reactors and in accelerators. 12 figs., 7 tabs., 4 appendices, 57 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Electric Fuel Limited (EFL) refuelable zinc-air battery system is currently being tested in a number of electric vehicle demonstration projects, the largest of which is a field test of zinc-air postal vans sponsored chiefly by Deutsche Post AG (the German Post Office). The zinc-air battery is not recharged electrically, but rather is refueled through a series of mechanical and electrochemical steps that will require a special infrastructure in commercial application. As part of the German Post Office field test program, Electric Fuel designed and constructed a pilot zinc anode regeneration plant in Bremen, Germany. This plant is capable of servicing up to 100 commercial vans per week, which is adequate for the field test vehicle fleet. This paper will describe the design and operation of each of the areas and devices within the plant.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To represent a heterogeneous unsaturated fractured rock by its homogeneous equivalent, Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain upscaled (effective) flow properties. In this study, we present a numerical procedure for upscaling the van Genuchten parameters of unsaturated fractured rocks by conducting Monte Carlo simulations of the unsaturated flow in a domain under gravity-dominated regime. The simulation domain can be chosen as the scale of block size in the field-scale modeling. The effective conductivity is computed from the steady-state flux at the lower boundary and plotted as a function of the averaging pressure head or saturation over the domain. The scatter plot is then fitted using van Genuchten model and three parameters, i.e., the saturated conductivity K{sub s}, the air-entry parameter {alpha}, the pore-size distribution parameter n, corresponding to this model are considered as the effective K{sub s}, effective {alpha}, and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We discuss geochemical and sedimentological characteristics of 12 tephra layers, intercalated within the finely laminated sediments of Lake Van. Within the about 15 kyr long sediment record studied, volcanic activity concentrated in the periods 2.6-7.2 and 11.9-12.9 kyr B.P. Concentrations of 25 elements provide the geochemical fingerprint of each tephra layer and allow comparison to literature values of potential source volcanoes such as Mts. Nemrut and Suephan. The youngest two tephra layers (and probably also the other three ashes from the 2.6-7.2 kyr B.P. eruptions) originate from the Nemrut volcano. The source of the older tephra (11.9-12.9 kyr B.P.), however, remains unidentified.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this project attention is paid to possibilities to improve the cost-effectiveness of co-fermentation and thus reduce the dependency of subsidies. A calculation model has been developed by means of which is possible to change relevant parameters and determine the exploitation cost. A sensitivity analysis shows which conditions are required to improve the cost-effectiveness of the energy and CO2, produced by fermentation. [Dutch] In dit project is gezocht naar oplossingen waarmee co-vergisting financieel aantrekkelijk wordt zonder subsidies. Daarvoor is een rekenmodel ontwikkeld waarmee het mogelijk is relevante parameters te wijzigen en vervolgens de exploitatie door te rekenen. De uitgevoerde gevoeligheidsanalyse geeft aan welke randvoorwaarden noodzakelijk zijn om het vermarkten van met behulp van vergisting geproduceerde energie en CO2 rendabel te maken.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSensitization to house dust mite allergens is strongly correlated with asthma. Der p 7 elicits strong IgE antibody and T-cell responses in mite allergic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An aqueous house dust mite extract was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes by Western Blotting. Two major allergens, Der pI and Der pII associated with the mite faeces...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of this project was to develop a new technology for preparing samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the basis of ion fine beam processing. For this purpose processes of ion-beam-assisted removal (sputtering), separation, sample handling and ion-beam-assisted chemical etching as well of system-inherent components were examined. As an alternative to a Ga-source a liquid-metal ion source based on a AuGeSi alloy was developed, characterised and used in the FIB 4400. [German] Aufgabe des Projektes war die Entwicklung einer neuen Technologie zur Probenpraeparation fuer die Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie (TEM) auf der Basis der Ionenfeinstrahlbearbeitung. Dazu wurden Prozesse der ionenstrahlgestuetzten Abtragung (Sputtern), der Abscheidung, des Probenhandling, des ionenstrahlgestuetzten chemischen Aetzens sowie systemeigener Komponenten untersucht. Als Alternative zur Ga-Quelle ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The analyses were carried out using real climate data for the years 1987 and 1989. The course of the indoor climate for year-round free ventilation with a constant flow volume is discussed. Numerous diagrams inform on ambient temperature, water vapour content, the condition of space air, and temperature drops below dew point. For the event of heating of the central part of the church, space air condition, the annual air humidification requirement, and the temperature field in this part of the building are described. (MSK) [Deutsch] Die Untersuchungen wurden mit aktuellen Klimadaten fuer die Jahre 1987 und 1989 durchgefuehrt. Der Verlauf des Raumklimas bei ganzjaehrig freier Klimatisierung mit konstantem Foerderstrom wird erlaeutert. Dabei wird die Raumlufttemperatur, der Wasserdampfgehalt, der Raumluftzustand sowie die Taupunktunterschreitung in zahlreichen Diagrammen aufgezeigt. Weiter werden fuer den Fall ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... females in vitro intestines lead 203 mucous membranes radionuclide kinetics

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Medline Plus

... presentation will be archived on the OR-Live website. 00:46:02 ANNOUNCER: This has been a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: In an experimental study, the correlation between the trabecular bone density of the different regions of the proximal femur and the fracture load in the setting of femoral neck fractures was examined. Methods: The bone mineral density 41 random proximal human femora was estimated by single-energy quanitative CT (SE-QCT). The trabecular bone density was measured at the greatest possible extracortical volume at midcapital, midneck and intertrochanteric level and in the 1 cm{sup 3} volumes of the centres of these regions in a standardised 10 mm thick slice in the middle of the femoral neck axis (in mg/ml Ca-hydroxyl apatite). The proximal femora were then isolated and mounted on a compression/bending device under two-legged stand conditions and loaded up to the point when a femoral neck fracture occurred. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a linear correlation between the trabecular bone density and the fracture load for the greater regions, with the highest value in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of inflammatory spine disease in patients with chronic back pain. The contribution of imaging modalities for the diagnostic evaluation of back pain is discussed. A systematic literature search based on the classification of seronegative spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis was performed. The results of this search and the experiences in a large collective of rheumatological patients are analyzed. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (1-2%) is comparable to that of spondyloarthropathies (1.9%). The etiology of these entities is not fully elucidated. Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used for early detection and surveillance of therapy with TNF-{alpha} antagonists. Bone marrow edema, which is only detectable with MRI, represents an early sign of inflammation. Therapy with TNF-{alpha} antagonists is based on clinical and laboratory criteria, and signs of inflammation in MRI. MRI is useful for assessment of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this book the notion of time in classical physics and relativity theory is discussed. After a criticism of the absolute time some alternative measures of time in mechanics are considered. Thereafter the problem of equal time at different points of the space as well as the time in different inertial systems are considered. In this framework the clock paradox is discussed. Then the Lorentz transformation is considered. Thereafter the reconstruction of the absolute time in relativity theory is described. Finally the notion of time in general relativity theory is considered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In an effort to accelerate deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) such as wind, solar, and conventional backup generators to our nation's electrical grid, Northern Power Systems (NPS), the California Energy Commission (CEC), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collaborated to create a prototype universal interconnect device called the DER Switch.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radiological findings of chest and abdominal wall involvement in Hodgkin's disease are reported. This manifestation was diagnosed in one patient in the primary staging and in two patients during the course of the disease. Typical radiological findings are soft tissue masses in the chest and abdominal wall, in two cases with continous tumor growth of enlarged mediastinal lymphnodes into the anterior chest wall. The axial computed tomography is the best method to evaluate the extent of chest and abdominal wall involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lung cancer staging according to the TNM system is based on morphological assessment of the primary cancer, lymph nodes and metastases. All aspects of this important oncological classification are measurable with MRI. Pulmonary nodules can be detected at the clinically relevant size of 4-5 mm in diameter. The extent of mediastinal, hilar and supraclavicular lymph node affection can be assessed at the same time. The predominant metastatic spread to the adrenal glands and spine can be detected in coronal orientation during dedicated MRI of the lungs. Search focused whole body MRI completes the staging. Various additional MR imaging techniques provide further functional and clinically relevant information during a single examination. In the oncological context the most important techniques are imaging of perfusion and tumor motion. Functional MRI of the lungs complements the pure staging and improves surgical approaches and radiotherapy planning. (orig.) [German] Das Staging des ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This annual report describes research activities which have been performed with the JAERI tandem accelerator and the Van de Graaff accelerator from April 1, 2000 to March 31, 2001. Summary reports of 46 papers, and lists of publication, personnel and cooperative research with universities are contained. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of a time-resolved study of the avalanche and streamer formation phases leading to breakdown in atmospheric nitrogen and dry air. Results of experiments and two-dimensional simulations are presented. It is shown what processes are responsible for the formation of a streamer. The trends of externally measured quantities correspond with those predicted by our model. 3 figs., 5 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This action plan describes the working group's ideas on how the grid operators should prepare themselves for the implementation of decentralized applications in the next four years. The action plan contains three main lines that reflect the main actions expected from the grid operators by the government and society: knowledge development of grid operators; definition of standard solutions; and realization through investment. Installing smart meters in dwellings in the Netherlands is being prepared and will take several years. The working group sketches the options of the smart meter cupboard and the smart meter to support the developments under the Energy Transition (ET) and assigns actions. In 2007 the working group drafted 'position papers' of the twelve transition paths and Energy Transition working groups which they anticipate will lead to several developments for the decentralized infrastructure. The working group then indicates how these developments ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coordination chemistry on transition metal chalcogenides offer better conditions for multielectron charge transfer processes on solid/electrolyte interfaces. In this contribution, materials whose band energies are derived from d-states of the transition metal will be shown. Problems related to the reactivity, stability and photoactivity toward the generation and conversion of fuels will also be discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die an halbleitenden Uebergangsmetall-Elektroden beobachtete Koordinationschemie bietet guenstige Voraussetzungen fuer den Mehrelektronen-Transfer an der Festkoerper/Elektrolyt Grenzflaeche. Beispielhaft werden in diesem Beitrag Elektrodenmaterialien vorgestellt, deren Energiebaender sich von d-Zustaenden der Uebergangsmetalle herleiten. Diskutiert werden Probleme der Reaktivitaet, der Stabilitaet und der Photoaktivitaet im Hinblick auf die Erzeugung und Umsetzung ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The early diagnosis of such disorders is of major importance because, in most cases, severe consequences can only be averted by early treatment. The value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in many orthopaedic and traumatological conditions is generally accepted. The value of MRI in this particular field is illustrated by typical case reports on common clinical problems [Deutsch] Der Fruehdiagnose von Erkrankungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters kommt grosse Bedeutung zu, da oftmals nur durch eine daraus resultierende Fruehbehandlung schwerwiegende Folgen vermieden werden koennen. Die Kernspintomographie (Magnetresonanztomographie=MRT) ist in zahlreichen orthopaedischen-traumatologischen Fragestellungen bereits etabliert. An ausgewaehlten Fallbeispielen haeufiger klinischer Problemstellungen soll in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Stellenwert der MRT dargestellt werden. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Early in 1988 RWE decided to overhaul the power station at Goldenberg. This was necessary due to the age of the plant, the obligation to supply heat and process steam and recent amendments of environmental legislation. After analysing demands and needs one developed a plant concept with a 290 t/h and a 400 t/h steam generator. Due to lack of space the decision was made in favour of a circulating atmospheric fluidised bed combustion instead of steam generators with pulverised lignite combustion as these steam generators take up much more space due to the legally required desulphurisation plants for gaseous emissions. Apart from generating steam RWE wishes to gain experience with this combustion technology and test it for suitability and use in large-scale plant. (orig./KO) [Deutsch] Aufgrund des fortgeschrittenen Alters, der aktuellen Umweltschutzgesetzgebung sowie bestehender Versorgungsverpflichtungen fuer Waerme und Prozessdampf wurde Anfang 1988 von ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We reported three cases of acute intracranial tuberculosis including miliary tuberculosis, basal meningitis, tuberculomas and neuritis of cranial nerves. All patients had native and contrast enhanced CT and MRI scans. MRI revealed more granulomas and a better imaging contrast in the detection of basal meningitis. Neuritis was diagnosed only with the MRI. MRI scans should be prefered as the imaging procedure in clinically presumed intracranial tuberculosis. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Befunde von drei Patienten mit intrakranieller Tuberkulose (intrakranielle Miliartuberkulose, Meningitis tuberculosa, Neuritis und Tuberkulome) in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) wurden mit der Computertomographie (CT) verglichen. Sowohl die MRT als auch die CT wurden nativ und nach Kontrastmittelgabe durchgefuehrt. Die MRT zeigte sich im Nachweis von Granulomen insbesondere im Bereich des Hirnstamms ueberlegen. Ebenso wurde ein hoeherer Bildkontrast bei ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The pilot project of the conversion of the green forage drying plant Lengenfeld to biomass firing could not be realized without problems. But the experience until now shows that it is in principle possible. The farmers involved are devoted to the project. For them the cultivation of biomass is an alternative to the abandonment of fields. The present low oil price sets limits to the positive income effect. The aim is an increase of the biomass share in heating energy supply to about 80%. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Umstellung der Gruenfuttertrocknung Lengenfeld auf Biomassefeuerung ist als Pilotprojekt nicht ohne Probleme moeglich gewesen. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen jedoch die grundsaetzliche Praktikabilitaet. Die beteiligten Landwirte sind engagiert bei der Sache und schaetzen die Produktionsmoeglichkeit als Alternative zur Flaechenstillegung. Der derzeit niedrige Oelpreis setzt der positiven ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wall thickness measurement of pipe is very important of the structural integrity of the industrial plant. However, the radiography method has an advantage because the ability of penetrating the insulated pipe. This will have economic benefit for industry. Moreover, the era of digital radiography has more advantages because the speed of radiographic work, less exposure time and no chemical used for film development. Either the conventional radiography or digital radiology, the wall thickness measurement is using the tangential radiography technique (TRT). In case, of a large diameter, pipe (more than inches) the determination maximum penetration wall thickness must be taken into the consideration. This paper is revisited the mathematical derivation of the determination of wall thickness measurement based on tangential radiography technique (TRT). The mathematical approach used in this derivation is the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper summarizes the findings from an exploratory definition of a usage strategy for multiple control centre wall displays in CANDU nuclear power plants. Wall displays are defined as large sized, vertically oriented display surfaces that may be positioned in various locations about a control room to support user information needs. The paper begins by discussing the need for a usage strategy for all control room information resources, and then reviews the history in wall display implementation and usage in nuclear power plant control rooms. The balance of the paper discusses the approach used in characterization and review of control room task information needs and definition of a wall display usage strategy. The paper concludes by outlining some of the possible impacts on future control room design and operations that the introduction of wall displays may imply. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Functional imaging of the pharynx used to be the domain of cineradiography, CT and ultrafast CT. The development of modern MRI techniques led to new access to functional disorders of the pharynx. The aim of this study was to implement a new MRI technique to examine oropharyngeal obstructive mechanisms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sixteen patients suffering from OSA and 6 healthy volunteers were examined on a 1.5 T whole-body imager (`Vision`, Siemens, Erlangen Medical Engineering, Germany) using a circular polarized head coil. Imaging was performed with 2D flash sequences in midsagittal and axial planes. Patients and volunteers were asked to breathe normally through the nose and to simulate snoring and the Mueller maneuver during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior to MRI, all patients underwent an ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination, functional fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and polysomnography. A temporal resolution of 6 images/s and an in-plane resolution of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The position paper will provide the basis for further strategies on offshore wind power development in consideration of ecological and conservation aspects. [German] Das Positionspapier des Bundesministeriums fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) einschliesslich des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) und des Bundesamtes fuer Naturschutz (BfN) ist Ergebnis der Arbeiten der BMU-Projektgruppe 'Windenergienutzung im Offshore-Bereich im Hinblick auf die BMU-Anliegen'. Es beschreibt den derzeitigen Stand einer Strategie zur umwelt- und naturvertraeglichen Erschliessung der Windenergienutzung auf See (Offshore). Es bildet die Grundlage fuer die Weiterentwicklung dieser Strategie und dabei insbesondere zur Abstimmung mit den Anliegen anderer Bundesressorts und den Kuestenlaendern, sowie zur intensiveren Einbeziehung beteiligter Verbaende und Fachkreise. Vor dem Hintergrund der zur ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ash of biomass fuels was analysed in order to identify its inorganic chemical characteristics. The experiments were carried out using different methods of extraction. The accuracy of the measurements was verified by comparative analyses using certified samples. The composition was shown to vary with the fuel type and ash fraction. In the case of arsenic and the toxic heavy metals cadmium, mercury and lead, accumulation factors of 1.4 to 43 were measured in the tissue filter ash. [German] Fuer die Bestimmung der stofflichen Eigenschaften von Biobrennstoffaschen werden neben der fuer die Ermittlung von Stoffbilanzen notwendigen Analyse der Gesamtgehalte, in Abhaengigkeit von der Zielsetzung und den gesetzlichen Vorgaben, unterschiedliche Extraktionsverfahren eingesetzt. Fuer die Gesamtgehaltsbestimmung wurden aus laborinternen Wiederholungsuntersuchungen sowie einem laborexternen Analysenvergleich ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For purposes of assessing the dumpability of wastes, Article 1 - Ordinance on the Environmentally Responsible Landfilling of Household Wastes (AbfAblV) - of the Ordinance on the Environmentally Responsible Landfilling of Household Wastes and Biological Waste Treatment Plants defines classificaton criteria for biologically and mechanically treated wastes destined for landfilling. The practical experiences that have been gathered with these classification criteria and values were evaluated in a questionnaire-based survey. This was done in particular for the purpose of verifying and validating proposals on the methodology of respiration and fermentation tests. A general finding has been that the application and implementation of the regulations of the AbfAblV is fraught with difficulties. This is evident for one thing in the frequency of analyses and for another in the difficulty of complying with the limit values of the classification criteria. The authors are in support of demands that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dwelling is equipped with solar collectors which heat the air circulating in the cavity walls and the space beneath the floors. The thermal aspects of such a building are described. Heat balance, losses, heating by the sun in different seasons are described. Different measures taken to reduce the energy losses are described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report describes a field-test program to determine the effectiveness of a polymeric wall sealant to reduce the escape of naturally occurring radioactive gas radon from the walls of an underground uranium mine into the ventilation air.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Poland's anomaly is an uncommon congenital aberration of the chest wall characterized by absence of the pectoralis major muscle and other nearby musculoskeletal components. In this series, a wide spectrum...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Blunt chest-wall trauma is common; however, resultant tricuspid valve rupture is rare and can be subtle in its presentation. Transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in diagnosis.Herein,...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. It is most prevalent between the ages of 10 and 15 years. There are present two cases of Ewing's sarcoma of the chest wall. The clinical, radiological and pathological features are described and the therapeutic options are discussed. (Author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDuring normal breathing, the mesothelial surfaces of the lung and chest wall slide relative to one another. Experimentally, the shear stresses induced by...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A general model for wakefield-generated instabilities in linear accelerators, originally developed for cumulative beam breakup [1], is applied to the resistive wall instability. The general solution for various bunch charge distributions and application to various accelerator configurations are presented.

Science.gov (United States)

... 1981. Retention of diphenyls, terphenyls, phenylalkanes and fluorene on graphitized thermal carbon black. Chromatographia 14:510-514. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Although other authors had made cross-spectral density measurements, Corcos pointed to the importance of this function as indicative of the true ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modern oscillation- and analysis systems are often mentioned in the context of oscillation diagnosis which implies that this is a method of establishing the causes of the mechanical changes that cause the unwanted oscillation. Experience shows, however, that oscillation monitoring instruments can merely indicate oscillation symptoms at an early point in time. These findings must be interpreted in a machine-specific way and seen in the context of previous developments in order to establish the mechanical root cause of the matter. A 1000 MVA-generator shows that conventional oscillation measuring systems may also serve for diagnostic purposes within certain limits.(orig.) [German] Im Zusammenhang mit modernen Schwingungsmess- und Analysensystemen wird haeufig der Begriff der Schwingungsdiagnose verwandt und inpliziert, damit auch die Ursache von mechanischen Veraenderungen finden zu koennen, welche das beanstandete Schwingungsverhalten ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Im Jahre 1910 f?hrte der schwedische Internist Hans-Christian Jacobaeus den ersten laparoskopischen Eingriff am Menschen in Stockholm durch. Grundlage seiner Pioniertat waren die tierexperimentellen Studien von Georg Kelling (1866?1945) aus Dresden, der im Jahre 1901 die erste Laparoskopie mittels eines Nitze-Zystoskops am Hund durchf?hrte. Jacobaeus ver?ffentlichte 1910 in der M?nchener Medizinischen Wochenschrift seine Erfahrungen mit den ersten 17 Laparoskopien unter dem Titel: ??ber die M?glichkeit die Zystoskopie bei Untersuchungen ser?ser H?hlen anzuwenden?. Hierbei nutzte er die neue Technik insbesondere zu diagnostischen Zwecken bei unklaren abdominellen Beschwerden und Funktionsst?rungen. Er war auch der Erste, der explizit auf die Gefahr der Darmverletzung bei Er?...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fundamental investigations into the biosorption of environmentally relevant heavy metals were carried out with different microbial adsorbents, and processes were proposed for industrial effluents. In order to improve the technology of biosorption processes, attempts were made to improve the sorption efficiency of biological sorbents, and investigations were carried out on the immobilisation of biological adsorbents. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es wurden Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Biosorption von umweltrelevanten Schwermetallen mit verschiedenen mikrobiellen Adsorbentien durchgefuehrt und an technischen Abwaessern Technologievorschlaege erarbeitet. Zur Verbesserung der Technologie von Biosorptionsprozessen wurden Moeglichkeiten der Steigerung der Sorptionsleistung von Biosorbentien erarbeitet und Untersuchungen zur Immobilisierung der biologischen Adsorbentien durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A theoretical analysis of two-dimensional unsteady flow in a porous medium bounded by a horizontal wall is presented as a perturbation on a basic flow. It is assumed that the perturbation is occasioned by a sudden suction at the wall. Even for a highly permeable medium the characteristic Reynolds number in porous media flow is usually small and asymptotic solutions are developed by the Laplace transform technique. It is observed that the perturbed shear stress at the wall decays exponentially with time. (author). 5 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in seven new type wall materials were surveyed. The radioactivity was determined with HPGe-#gamma# spectrometer. The red mud has the highest radioactivity concentration, followed by slag building blocks, fly-ash building blocks (bricks), gangue bricks and light weight board materials, gypsum blocks. Fly-ash and slag contain higher NORM, which contributes the major part of the radioactivity in new wall materials. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a part of a phenomenological model, a method for simulating the wall/jet interaction in a direct injection diesel engine is proposed. The method is based on the application of the momentum conservation equation in the different directions in which the wall jet is spread, and takes into account both the interaction with the combustion chamber geometry and with swirl. It takes as initial conditions the results of calculating the free jet, which is divided into packages. The predictions provide good agreement with those by other researchers. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During their life, intervertebral discs undergo degenerative changes which need not necessarily become lesions. Conventional X-rays do not provide information on the condition of the intervertebral discs, so MRT or CT are recommended as primary techniques as they are non-invasive. Invasive methods like myelography and especially discography should not be used unless a case is highly problematic. In infants with pains in the back, MRT should be carried out as early as possible as there is nearly always an organic cause. (orig.) [German] Die Bandscheibe ist im Laufe des Lebens degenerativen Veraenderungen unterworfen, die klinisch zu Beschwerden fuehren koennen, aber nicht fuehren muessen. Konventionlle Roentgenaufnahmen lassen zwar die Hoehenminderung des Bandscheibenfachs und begleitende knoecherne Veraenderungen erkennen, nicht aber den Zustand der Bandscheibe selbst. Die Beurteilung der Bandscheibe und des Knochens gelingt mit ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minimally invasive thermotherapies for focal tissue destruction on the basis of laser-, microwave-, focused ultrasound-, or cryogeninduced changes of tissue temperature represent an alternative to surgical tissue ablation, particularly in the treatment of tumors. The thermotherapy modalities listed necessitate indirect guidance and monitoring, since they often do not lend themselves to immediate visual control. In the brain, in head and neck tumors, in the liver, and in the prostate, MRI reliably and accurately delineates both the positions of interstitial thermotherapy applicators and - in contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted images - the perfusion defects in tissue necrosis induced by thermotherapy. The transfer of results of in-vitro and in-vivo model studies to assess interstitial temperature and lesion development during thermotherapy to the actual treatment of patients, however, is still in an initial phase. Further development of both rapid MRI sequences and MRI scanners suited for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vol. 4 comprises 23 papers on the following subjects: General aspects (effects in the human/environment systeme); Trends in space HVAC engineering; Heating systems engineering; Air quality and thermal comfort. [German] Der Tagungsband 4 enthaelt 23 Aufsaetze. Sie sind in die folgenden vier Themen-Bloecke aufgeteilt: Allgemeines (Wirkungen in der wahrgenommenen Wirkungssystem: Mensch-Umwelt); Entwicklungen in der Raumlufttechnik; Heizungstechnik; Luftqualitaet und Behaglichkeit. (AKF)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The situation of natural gas in the Federal Republic of Germany is described, with particular emphasis on the advantages and consequences of natural gas supply. The brochure discusses the role of natural gas on the energy market, the reliability of natural gas supply, the environmental impacts, the energy-saving effect of natural gas, natural gas prices, the competitive strength of the German gas industry, and the long-term reliability of natural gas supply. (orig.) [German] Die Situation des Erdgases in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird beschrieben, wobei die wichtigsten Vorteile und Auswirkungen der Erdgasversorgung besonders hervorgehoben werden. Es geht um die Stellung des Erdgases im Energiemarkt, die Sicherheit der Energieversorgung, Umweltschutz, Energieeinsparung durch Erdgaseinsatz, Erdgaspreise, Leistungsfaehigkeit der deutschen Gaswirtschaft und um die langfristig gesicherte ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 2. K. Dorenwendt, "Das verhalten kommerzieller Casium-Atomuhren und die Zeitskalen der PTBn, Proceedings of the 31st International Congress ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

So far, publications in turbomachinery engineering have tended to neglect the description of control systems and strategies which could be converted into practical guidelines for turbine operation. The contribution describes the power station turbine as a basis for modelling the control stage. The solutions will serve as a basis for further type-specific investigations of the problem. [German] Eine vornehmlich regelungstechnisch ausgerichtete Beschreibung des thermodynamisch-mechanischen Wirkungsgeschehens im Bereich der Regelstufe von Dampfturbinen sowie deren Umsetzung in schluessige, betriebsrelevante Aussagen fehlen bislang in der Turbomaschinenliteratur. Im Beitrag werden am Beispiel der Kraftwerksturbine die Grundlagen fuer eine modelltechnische Nachbildung der Regelstufe entwickelt. Die Loesungen dienen als Ausgangsbasis fuer weitere typenspezifische Bearbeitungen dieses Problems. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the group of persistent aromatic hydrocarbons, the highest values were determined for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), total DDT and hexachlorobenzene (HBC). Comparisons of the relevant median values for the past six years led to the conclusion that the steep initial decline in the breast milk concentrations of DDT and HBC was followed by reductions at a much lower pace in the years after 1987. The time course of the concentration of the total PCB did not appear to follow any particular pattern. The mean contents of lead and cadmium remained by a wide margin below the threshold values for these heavy metals and thus were of no relevance from the toxicological point of view. It was found that the 134 and 137 cesium isotopes constituted no particular health hazard for breast-fed infants, as the relevant concentrations in breast milk were low. (VHE) [Deutsch] In der Gruppe der persistenten Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe werden die hoechsten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apart from condensing the off-air condensers have a number of additional functions, which have been added more or less incidentally as development progressed. Advanced development of certain types of turbine condensers justifies the hope that these additional functions can be improved as power plants become cheaper and simpler.(orig.) [German] Kondensatoren haben neben ihrer Hauptaufgabe, der Kondensation des Turbinenabdampfes eine Reihe zusaetzlicher Funktionen, die sich z.T. im Laufe der Entwicklung eher beilaeufig ergeben haben. Der hohe Entwicklungsstand bei bestimmten Bauarten von Turbinenkondensatoren laesst die Erwartung zu, dass im Zuge der Vereinfachung und Verbilligung von Kraftwerksanlagen 'Nebenfunktionen' verbessert werden koennen. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Only two types of 110-kV-cables: Namely XLPE-Cables and External-Gas-Pressure-Cables will be reinstalled in the Federal Republic of Germany. XLPE-Cables have been already developed for higher voltages. An idea how the external-gas-pressure-cable could be made fit for higher voltage levels will be given in this paper. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden in der Zukunft nur noch zwei Kabeltypen der 110-kV-Ebene den Kabelmarkt beherrschen, naemlich: VPE-Kabel und Gasaussendruck-Kabel. Waehrend VPE-Kabel auch fuer hoehere Spannungsebenen bereits entwickelt worden sind, wird im folgenden vorgeschlagen, wie auch das Prinzip der Gasaussendruck-Kabel zu hoeheren Spannungen hin erweitert werden kann. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

verse pressure gradient, makes it susceptible to flow separation, ...... AGARD, Lecture Series LS-167. [25] Eifler, J., 1975, Zur Frage der freien ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shortened excerpt from the head notes: The emission limits laid down in the TA Luft concretize the scope of the measures ordered by the law to provide for protection against harmful effects on the environment. Air pollution abatement measures imposed by the competent authority as post-licensing requirements based on the BImSchG (German Federal Emission Control Act) in general are in compliance with the principle of reasonableness considering the terms allowed by the TA Luft for backfitting measures. With this decision, the court qualified the emission limits defined in the TA Luft to be substantial and legally binding standards, to be applied by the competent authorities in licensing and post-licensing administrative procedures, also in order to fulfill the intended task of concretizing the less definite concepts of law laid down in the relevant legislation. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Verkuerzte Zitierung aus den Leitsaetzen: Die in der TA Luft aufgestellten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knowledge, assessment and understanding of phenomena caused by ageing, together with systematic utilization and extension of the technical life-time of components and systems, are of critical importance to the safety and economy of electricity generation in nuclear power stations. Economic use can be optimized by integrated ageing and life-time management; it can also be used to improve performance characteristics. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fuer die Sicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit der Stromerzeugung in Kernkraftwerken sind die Kenntnis, Bewertung und Beherrschung alterungsbedingter Phaenomene und systematische Ausnutzung bzw. Verlaengerung der technischen Lebensdauer der Komponenten und Systeme von zentraler Bedeutung. Durch ganzheitliches Alterungs- und Lebensdauermanagement, das auch auf die Verbesserung von Leistungsmerkmalen abzielt, kann der wirtschaftliche Nutzen optimiert werden. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An investigation was carried out to determine the significance of a large input of cogeneration units for the electric power generation, next to the input of coal and uranium. Thereto a production plant has been set up to generate heat and electric power. The plant serves as a basis for a number of comparative calculations: basic calculations to investigate the influence of some strategies on the cogeneration input, and sensitivity calculations to determine the influence of a few changes in the starting points. Some variants have been deduced from this plant, which is based on prognosis for the year 2000. By means of the computer calculation program OPINIE (Optimale Inzet en Instelling van Eenheden: Optimal Input and Installation of Units) the minimal variable costs were calculated for different situations. Finally for each considered situation the total annual costs have been calculated. 53 figs., 13 refs., 30 tabs., 3 apps.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The general usefulness of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for samples containing the platinum group elements (PGE) and Au, either as major or trace constituents, is discussed. Charged particle activation is shown to be a viable or complementary alternative. Proton (6-10 MeV) and alpha particle (9-15 MeV) beams, produced in a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator, have been established to be the most effective choice. By taking advantage of the Coulomb barrier effect and the fact that many charged particle induced reactions have relatively large threshold values, the same instrumental technique can be applied, with minor modifications, to a wide range of materials.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the 1988 February issue of this magazine the units olf and decipol were introduced. Olf is a measure for the pollution load and decipol for the indoor air quality. This article discusses a new ventilation theory which is quantified by the new indoor air quality thermal comfort balance based on the units olf and decipol. This balance requires more ventilation air than for the present regulations. It takes into account all pollution sources. 2 figs., 9 refs., 3 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Within about 10 years, microelectronic devices will be made with more than a billion (10"9) electronic components per chip. To implement such a sophisticated technology it will be essential to have a fundamental understanding of the solid state interaction between the different materials in thin film semiconductor structures. This is the main purpose of this research program. Characterization and analysis is carried out mainly by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and channelling using accelerated nuclear particles from the Van de Graaff accelerator, while radioactive isotopes provide information about interaction mechanisms. 6 figs., 1 ref.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic behavior in three compounds RTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} (R = Nd, Eu and Ho) with defect-perovskite structures has been investigated by DC magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility of NdTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} shows strong influence of crystal field. For EuTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} a typical Van Vleck paramagnetism has been observed. HoTa{sub 3}O{sub 9} obeys a Curie-Weiss law above 20 K. (orig.) 8 refs.

Wastenet

...May 2011, 693-709 On the valuation of fader and discrete barrier options in Heston's stochastic volatility model by Susanne Griebsch & Uwe Wystup [Downloadable!... (restricted)] 863-881 Nonlinearities in stochastic clocks: trades and volume as subordinators of electronic markets by Rafael Velasco-Fuentes & Wing Lon Ng [...and estimation of stock prices and trading volume in Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard stochastic volatility models by Friedrich Hubalek & Petra Posedel [Downloadable!... (restricted)] 665-691 Generic pricing of FX, inflation and stock options under stochastic interest rates and stochastic volatility by Alexander van Haastrecht & Antoon ...

CERN Document Server

We study a percolation process on the planted binary tree, where clusters freeze as soon as they become larger than some fixed parameter N. We show that as N goes to infinity, the process converges in some sense to the frozen percolation process introduced by Aldous. In particular, our results show that the asymptotic behaviour differs substantially from that on the square lattice, on which a similar process has been studied recently by van den Berg, de Lima and Nolin.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The experimental survey about the heat transfer between the working fluid and the combustion chamber wall with a direct injection diesel engine has shown the production of a soot layer with increasing loads on the combustion chamber wall. Because the combustion process of methanol occurs without the formation of wall deposits, the same engine spark ignitioned with methanol at the same conditions has shown a higher heat transfer coefficient. Because the heat losses do not only depend on the heat transfer coefficient but also on the driving temperature difference between the working fluid and the combustion chamber wall, the methanol engine with corresponding process management showed lower heat losses than the diesel engine at nearly the same load. (orig./HW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Improved separation of heavier material from a dispersoid of gas and heavier material entrained therein is taught by the method of this invention which advantageously uses apparatus embodied in an inertial separator having rotary partition means comprising wall members dividing a housing into a plurality of axially-extending through passages arranged in parallel. Simultaneously with the helical transit of a moving stream of the dispersoid through the parallel arrangement of axially-extending through passages at a constant angular velocity, the heavier material is driven radially to the collecting surfaces of the rotational wall members where it is collected while the wall members are rotating at the same angular velocity as the moving stream. The plurality of wall members not only provides an increased area of collecting surfaces but the positioning of each of the wall members ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The awareness of health issues related to buildings has heightened past decades. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) has been addressed in most Green Building Rating Systems nowadays. This article analyses the scope of IEQ (Indoor Environmental Quality) within Rating Systems GPR Gebouw, BREEAM-NL (Dutch version of Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method) and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). Each Rating System allocates health aspects. However, none of these Rating Systems addresses a complete set of relevant aspects. High ratings do not guarantee healthy buildings. It is concluded that, in general, credits for energy efficiency do not interfere with credits for enhanced indoor environmental quality. [Dutch] Gezondheidsaspecten van gebouwen hebben afgelopen decennia steeds meer en integraler aandacht gekregen. In de instrumenten GPR Gebouw, BREEAM-NL (Nederlandse versien van ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

From the results of the In-Service Inspection (ISI) measuring the wall thickness of outlet (hot-leg side) feeder pipes performed at two Canadian nuclear power plants, Point Lepreau and Gentilly-2 in 1995 and 1996, respectively, the wall thinning degradation of feeder pipes at the bend part was found to be much more severe than expected. It has been well known that such wall thinning of feeder pipes is caused by the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) which is one of the mechanical-chemical degradation mechanisms affecting the integrity of piping systems. For the Wolsung unit 1, the wall thickness measurements have been performed during every overhaul period since 1996. The wall thinning rates at the bends of outlet feeder pipes were assessed to exceed the design value. However, for the Wolsung units 2, 3 and 4, the wall thinning rates of all the outlet feeder pipes ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

From autumn this year, the FRJ-2 of the Research Center Juelich will be supplying molybdenum targets to the Institut National des Radioelements in Fleurus, Belgium - which deals in medical radio-isotopes worldwide - thus helping to meet the need for technetium-99, which is used in the medical profession for diagnostic purposes because of its favourable radiological characteristics. Technetium-99 is formed as a result of the radioactive decay of molybdenum-99. For many years now, molybdenum has been produced by the irradiation of uranium in research reactors, so that the initiation of molybdenum production in the FRJ-2 is not especially new. What is unusual, however, are the particular peripheral conditions which result from the combination of the irradiation requirements, a predetermined target design and the technical characteristics of the reactor and which necessitated special solutions. This applies especially to the handling of the targets after irradiation, which is much more ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: To evaluate the success rates of the implantation of stent grafts in the treatment of peripheral aneurysms. Materials and methods: in 13 patients with 15 aneurysms at the common iliac artery (n = 6), external iliac artery (n = 1), hypogastric artery (n = 2), femoral artery (n = 2) or popliteal artery (n = 4), implantation of dacron-covered nitinol stents was performed. The patients were followed up for three to 20 months (mean, 8.8 months) with intravenous digital subtraction angiography, CT or colour-coded Doppler sonography. Results: In all cases, the aneurysm was successfully occluded after stent implantation. In one case with a popliteal aneurysm, kinking of the vessel caused thrombosis of the stent. The stent was successfully reopened. The aneurysm however, had to be surgically treated 9 months later. The primary and secondary patency rates at 6 months were 93% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The method described might be an alternative therapy to surgery. There are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the year 1996 the spheres of competence of several DLR-Institutes working in the areas of fluid dynamics, reaction kinetics, combustion, numerical methods and laser measuring techniques have been brought together while contributing to the internal DLR project 'combustion chamber modelling (BKM)', in order to proceed with the computational simulation of combustion processes in combustion chambers of gas turbines. The main issue was the development of a research code for numerical simulation of fluid flow in real combustion chambers. Here the development of computational models of physical and chemical processes was emphasized, among other processes the formation of soot was treated. Moreover, a worldwide outstanding database of measured data for the purpose of code validation has been created within the framework of the BKM project using the laboratory facilities of the DLR, which are in Germany unique for the experimental investigation of the various processes in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: To determine the value of MRI in the postoperativ evaluation of a singular ventricle compared to echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Materials and methods: Thirty-one patients (range: 6 months to 30 years) with a functional single ventricle following palliative corrective operations. Five patients had a Blalock-Taussig-Shunt, 8 patients a Glenn-Anastomosis and 18 a cavopulmonary shunt (6 with classic Fontan-Circulation, 12 with modified cavopulmonary anastomosis). The results in terms of postoperative morphologic changes were compared to percutaneous echocardiography (31/31) and cardiac catheterization (6/31). Results: Echocardiography, which was performed on all patients, could not visualize the entire length of the tunnel, the Glenn-Anastomosis or the central pulmonary arteries in 70% of the patients due to an inadequate acoustic window. MRI was able to show the entire tunnel in 11/12 patients and the central pulmonary arteries in 30/31 patients. The exact anatomy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many features from the background for an intensified application of fracture mechanics concepts in many industries world-wide. These include requirements for a permanent increase of the level of performance of technical components and structures by the introduction of new materials, joining technologies and design principles, the problem of ageing components and life extension, an increased emphasis on non-destructive in-service inspection combined with improved NDT techniques, and also a number of failure events caused by fatigue and fracture The aim of the present paper is to give a brief state-of-the-art review on how fracture mechanics is applied in different industrial branches today. This is based on standards and guidelines in the aerospace industry, in the nuclear and fossil power generation, in the chemical and petrochemical and the pipeline industry, in civil engineering, offshore technique and other fields. Based on the review an outlook is given on a future development that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The presented paper describes the formulation of the fractional mass balances which are used to calculate the concentration and size distribution of char in the balance cells of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. In case of using the shrinking core model additionally the distribution of conversion of the char particles is calculated. Basically two reaction models (a shrinking particle and a shrinking core model) are available to describe the combustion process. The model considers all essential physico/chemical phenomena (primary fragmentation, attrition, mass transfer to gas phase) which have to be taken into account for the description of the combustion process. The model is part of an overall simulation program for circulating fluidized bed boilers. This engineering simulator has been developed to return the main performance parameters of such systems like temperature along the furnace height, size distribution of balanced solid components, heat flows at the different heat ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experts tend to disagree about the economic effects of air pollution abatement measures. This book, which addresses also non-experts, explains the analytical background on the basis of available data. The authors conclude that there is a wide range of political options for achieving the goal of air pollution abatement. They differentiate between the various levels of discussion and show how misinterpretations of scientific results come about, thus making an important contribution to a discussion that is based on facts rather than emotions. [German] Die Einschaetzungen zur wirtschaftlichen Bewertung von Klimaschutzmassnahmen, insbesondere zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz, sind sehr widerspruechlich. Dieses Buch erlaeutert anhand von Zahlenmaterial die analytischen Hintergruende und ist auch fuer Nicht-Oekonomen verstaendlich geschrieben. Die Autoren kommen zu dem Schluss, dass in vielen Bereichen rentable Energiesparpotentiale nicht erkannt und umgesetzt werden. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MRI provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool complementing echocardiography on one hand, and showing advantages over echocardiography, on the other hand, especially after corrective procedures. The multiple different MRI sequences need to be adapted to examinations of children and patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and can be used to detect morphologic changes, blood-flow in the heart and thoracic vessels and diastolic or systolic function of myocardium. Several factors determine the success of the examination of a complex congenital heart disease or a postoperative situs. Pediatric radiologists and radiologists experienced in congenital heart diseases have to work in close cooperation. Echocardiography should be performed before MRI. The results of prior examinations and the clinical history of the patients, including possible palliative or reconstructive operations, must be available before MRI to guide the planning of the examination. With a systematic segmental approach ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in the measurement of cartilage thickness of the ankle joint in comparison to pathologic and histologic specimens. Patients and methods: The ankle joints of four fresh cadaver feet were imaged on a 1.5 T MR-unit in the coronal plane. Standard T{sub 1}-weighted spin echo (SE) and a T{sub 1}-weighted 3D-GE (FLASH-3D) sequence with fat saturation were applied. Following MR imaging, the talus was explanted and cut parallel to the MR images for macroscopic evaluation and histologic specimens were prepared. MRI measurements of the cartilage thickness of the talus were carried out in two ways: Without and with consideration of a transition zone of intermediate signal intensity between hyperintense cartilage and hypointense cortical bone. The data were compared with the anatomic specimens as the gold standard expressing the difference as a percentage value. On histologic specimens thickness of deep calcified cartilage layer was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, the bend properties of the single-crystalline molybdenum brazed by using Mo-40%Ru alloys containing boron of 1-6 mass%Ru alloy for the improvement of the joint strength was determined. (orig.) [Deutsch] Durchgefuehrt wurde die Herstellung von Verbindungen aus einkristallinem Molybdaen. Hierbei kamen Mo-40%Ru-Legierungen mit 1 bis 6 Gew.-% Bor als Lotmaterialien zum Einsatz. Festigkeit und Duktilitaet der Verbindungen wurden mittels 3-Punkt-Biegepruefung bei Raumtemperatur und unter fluessigem Stickstoff ermittelt. Die Bruchflaechen der Proben wurden mit Hilfe eines Rasterelektronenmikroskopes untersucht. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: Der optimale Borgehalt bezueglich Festigkeit und Duktilitaet der geloeteten Verbindung liegt bei 2 Gew.-%. Die entsprechende Probe hat bei einem Biegewinkel von 100 bei Raumtemperatur nicht versagt. Auch unter fluessigem Stickstoff ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For the laying of natural gas transport pipelines severe soil protection guidelines are in force in Switzerland. These guidelines influence, above all, the course of the construction in a substantial way. The Federal Office of Energy promulgated these guidelines in May 1993. They have provisional character and shall be reviewed based on the experiences with the in 1994 executed pipeline constructions. The protection of the soil from mechanical-physical loads, specially from soil erosion and compaction, is also a part of the modification of the federal legislation concerning environmental protection which is being dealt with at present by the federal parliament. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fuer die Verlegung von Erdgas-Transportleitungen gelten in der Schweiz strenge Bodenschutzrichtlinien, die vor allem den Bauablauf nachhaltig beeinflussen. Die Richtlinien wurden im Mai 1993 durch das Bundesamt fuer Energiewirtschaft erlassen. Sie haben provisorischen Charkater und sollen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The adaption of the Muster-VAwS (model ordinance on the handling of water endangering substances in plants and specialized facilities) in the ordinances of the different German states, means that the legislator has laid down concrete - technical and organizational - requirements concerning the handling of water-endangering substances for all plants. The present example of the systematic stocktaking of all environmentally relevant substances in the context of the operation of the pumped storage plants of Schluchseewerk AG, Freiburg, an the application of the model operating instructions for hydropower plants shall serve to illustrate two important aspects for the implementation of this extensive ordinance. (orig.) [Deutsch] Durch Umsetzung der Muster-VAwS (Muster-Verordnung ueber Anlagen zum Umgang mit wassergefaehrdenden Stoffen und Fachbetriebe) in entsprechende Laenderverordnungen wurden durch den Gesetzgeber konkrete Anforderungen, technisch und organisatorisch, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wider coal lines and larger power plant units necessitate measures for increasing the capacity of the mills without driving up power consumption and installation costs. The result of this development is the modern ALSTOM bowl mill. This paper indicates the stages of development which were necessary for this and the experience which could be accumulated through these measures. The paper also describes in detail the areas of flow in the mills, of design of milling equipment, of mill power supply and of grading in this development. (orig.) [Deutsch] Breitere Kohlebaender und groessere Kraftwerkseinheiten zwingen zu Massnahmen, um die Leistung der Muehlen zu vergroessern, ohne jedoch den Kraftbedarf und die Installationskosten in die Hoehe zu treiben. Das Ergebnis dieser Entwicklung ist die moderne ALSTOM-Schuesselmuehle. Der Beitrag zeigt, welche Entwicklungsschritte hierzu erforderlich waren und welche Erfahrungen mit den Massnahmen gesammelt ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the last few years the supercharging of Otto-cycle-engines has regained popularity, as demonstrated by a number of series-production engines. After listing the aims to be met by a modern supercharger the paper describes the technical status of mass-produced or close to production superchargers. This is followed by a comparative evaluation of the systems, enabling the reader to select possible solutions for a projected supercharger-engine-system by means of a comparison chart. The paper is concluded by a list of possible directions for further development and additional potential for twin-screw superchargers. (orig.) [German] In neuerer Zeit hat die Aufladung von Ottomotoren wieder ein verstaerktes Interesse gefunden, das sich auch in einer Anzahl serienmaessig gefertigter aufgeladener Motortypen wiederspiegelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt, nach einer Darstellung der Anforderungen an ein modernes Aufladegeraet, den Stand ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zone modeling permits taking account of the effect of load-relieving air conduction systems in the planning of HVAC plants. Although this only supplies average values for the degree of load and height of the fresh air layer rather than a detailed description of concentration and temperature distributions in the room, it is quite sufficient for the planning of load-relieving air conduction systems. Moreover, the cost of zone modeling in the planning of HVAC plants remains within reasonable limits. Upscale planning, instruments can thus be reserved for more exacting problems. (orig.) [Deutsch] Zonenmodelle erlauben die Wirkung lastmindernder Luftfuehrungen bei der Planung von RLT-Anlagen zu beruecksichtigen. Sie liefern zwar nur Mittelwerte fuer den Belastungsgrad und die Hoehe der Zuluftschicht und keine detaillierte Konzentrations- und Temperaturverteilungen im Raum. Diese Werte reichen jedoch fuer die Planung lastmindernder ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Report by a participant in the International Nuclear Law School. In 2001, this advanced training course was first offered by the OECD-NEA together with the University of Montpellier and other international partners. This effort is intended to provide an overview of nuclear law, a discipline normally playing a subordinate role in curricula. In this way, a contribution is to be made to the important preservation of the existing knowledge base and to increasing know-how in this field. In 2003, the International Nuclear Law School will be continued with a new curriculum addressed to all interested participants. (orig.) [German] Erfahrungsbericht eines Teilnehmers der Internationalen Schule fuer Nuklearrecht 2002 an der Universitaet Montpellier. Erstmals im Jahr 2001 wurde diese Fortbildungsveranstaltung von der Nuclear Energy Agency der Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD-NEA) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The issue of projecting policies ensuring appropriate energy supply in the future has become more important in Germany after conclusion of the agreement on a long-term nuclear power phase-out. A recent comparative analysis of a selection of scientific studies forecasting the implications of a nuclear power phase-out has shown that there is demand for more studies examining the issue in greater detail, and on the basis of an enlarged scope of research topics. Hence the present study, intended as a preliminary analysis, will investigate the potential, conditions of successful application, conceivable support schemes, and effects of those policy options that in any case, apart from the nuclear power phase-out scenario, are of essential importance in the context of building the proper conditions for sustainable development of Germany's energy sector. The options and strategies examined are: stepping up energy efficiency programmes and incentives, enhancing exploitation of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung is challenging because of substantial drawbacks. However, lung pathologies that are associated with increased attenuation values in CT enhance visualization in MRI: proton density is increased and tissue-air interfaces, resulting in susceptibility artifacts, are reduced in pneumonia, pneumonitis, edema, and carcinoma. On the other hand, many lung diseases result in shortness of breath, so that patients cannot hold their breath for long periods. Therefore, fast imaging techniques are required which should also allow for high spatial resolution so that small lesions can be detected. Calcifications and air pockets within lesions are not readily recognized with MRI. Thin section CT is standard for the diagnosis of pneumonia. With parallel imaging techniques, MRI examination of the lungs can be performed with short periods of breath holding, which allow for sub-centimeter resolution in the z-axis. Especially for follow-up examinations in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Already in 1998, the city of Hanover, the Stadtwerke Hannover and six further cities of the region initiated the funding programme 'Hannover proKlim' for promoting energy-relevant modernization measures in domestic buildings. One year later, the social marketing campaign 'Haus-Partner Hannover / Der (H)Eissbaer'' was started, which addresses building owners in Hanover with the intention to induce them to action. The 'Energiepass Hannover' is another important instrument of the campaign. This report takes stock of the results achieved so far. [German] Beim Klimaschutz im Gebaeudebestand lassen sich in Hannover drei Ansaetze hervorheben, die parallel zueinander entwickelt wurden und die in besonderer Weise dazu beitragen, die CO{sub 2}-Emissionen im Gebaeudebestand zu reduzieren: Bereits 1998 hat die Landeshauptstadt Hannover gemeinsam mit den Stadtwerken Hannover und sechs weiteren Staedten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis deals with the analysis of dominant loss mechanisms in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) and hydrogen fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEFC) by means of experimental characterization and modeling work. Due to different fuels used in these two fuel cell types, the dominant loss mechanisms are different in their nature. All in-situ characterization techniques that are used in this work are based on a novel test fuel cell with embedded reference electrodes. The first part of this work presents a new concept for realizing a reference electrode configuration in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by means of laser ablation. The laser beam is used to evaporate a small gap into the electrode surface of a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) to isolate the reference electrode from the working/counter electrode (WE/CE). This method enables the simultaneous ablation of the electrodes on both sides of the CCM because the membrane is transparent for the laser beam. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Within its competence for energy research, the Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Arbeit (BMWA) (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology) sponsors investigations into the safety of nuclear power plants. The objective of these investigations is to provide fundamental knowledge, procedures and methods to contribute to realistic safety assessments of nuclear installations, to the further development of safety technology and to make use of the potential of innovative safety-related approaches. The Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) mbH, by order to the BMWi, continuously issues information on the status of such investigations by publishing semi-annual and annual progress reports within the series of GRS-F-Fortschrittsberichte (GRS-F-Progress Reports). Each progress report represents a compilation of individual reports about the objectives, work performed, results achieved, next steps of the work etc. The individual reports are prepared in a standard form by the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: The determination of tumor volume in ocular tumors is very important for the planning and success of radiation therapy. This study uses an animal model to evaluate the accuracy of MR-based volumetry of ocular tumors. Materials and methods: In a total of 25 porcine eyes obtained from the slaughterhouse, ocular tumors were produced by injecting a mixture of hand creme and Gd-DTPA under ophthalmoscopic guidance. The injected volume varied between 0.05 ml and 2.7 ml. The eyes were examined with a 1.5 Tesla scanner and a 4 cm circular surface coil especially developed for ocular MRI. After data transfer to a separate workstation, volumetric analysis was carried out by three independent radiologists using semiautomated software. The determined volume was compared with the injected volume. Results: Of the 25 prepared porcine eyes, 23 were suitable for volumetric analysis. The injection of the mixture of hand creme and GD-DTPA produced two different types of tumors. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) was evaluated in 7 normal volunteers and 31 patients with cardiac diseases. Adequate cut off value of a prefilter was 0.45. In phantom, the left ventricular volume value was 93.9% of determined value by 180-degree projection in L type and 98.8% by 360-degree projection in opposed type. In normal volunteers, LVEF measured by QGS program related to value by first pass method. As for functional map, regional EF and wall motion decreased at the septum side, and wall thickening at base side of heart. Good correlation was recognized (p<0.0001) between blood flow image and functional map (regional EF and wall thickening). In 20 cases of acute myocardial infarction, lesion was detected conspicuously in regional EF and wall motion. The accuracy of coronary arterial stenosis improved in functional map (regional EF 92%, wall motion 92% and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is postulated that a break of a thin-walled pipe does not cause a subsequent break in the pipe in the vicinity of a plastic hinge even when the wall is weakened by a 60 circumferential crack of a depth of 30% of the wall thickness on the tension side. This pipe behavior is the result of plastic buckling in the compression side and applies to pipes of diameter-to-thickness ratio larger than 20. For this type of pipe, the axial strains decrease with increasing diameter-to-thickness ratio in the tension side. As the pipe is only loaded in one direction, there is no cyclic behavior that can trigger a subsequent break. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several recent experiments on micro- (or nano-) structured samples of ferromagnetic materials are introduced. Magnetization reversal phenomena are investigated on submicron wire samples of trilayer structure using the giant magnetoresistance effect. Domain wall movements are sensitively monitored by resistivity measurements and the velocity of propagation is determined. The contribution of domain wall to the resistivity is argued from the results on artificially designed samples of a spring-magnet system. In circular dots of permalloy, the existence of vortex magnetization is confirmed and the reversal of the vortex core magnetization is studied from magnetic force microscopy measurements. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper describes an analytical study of two parallel-flowing boundary layers of free and forced convection modes on the facing sides of a vertical thin wall. The two layers are analyzed separately within the framework of boundary layer theory, and coupled by the matching conditions at wall. Numerical data are obtained for a wide range of a dimensionless conjugation parameter {zeta} relating the heat transfer effectiveness of two convection modes. Based on these data, an expression for calculating the conjugate mean Nusselt number as a function of {zeta}-parameter is found by means of a curve-fitting method. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Technical innovations such as the availability of movable patient platforms and the introduction of 32-channel systems have made whole-body MRI for tumor staging feasible. In addition, the development of dual-modality PET/CT systems offers the opportunity to perform anatometabolic tumor staging with whole-body coverage in a single session. Based on an increase in patient survival when applying a stage-adapted therapy in different malignant diseases the relevant question relates to the accuracies of whole-body MRI and whole-body PET/CT for TNM staging. This review article addresses whole-body tumor staging with MRI and FDG-PET/CT with special emphasis on diagnostic accuracies for staging different malignant diseases. (orig.) [German] Technische Neuerungen, wie die Verfuegbarkeit beweglicher Tischaufsaetze oder die Einfuehrung von 32-Kanal-Systemen, haben die Ganzkoerperbildgebung mit der MRT ermoeglicht. Die Entwicklung kombinierter PET/CT-Systeme bereitet den Weg ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

On the 28{sup th} of May in 1998, the regulation of the ''Application of roof bolt support in coal mines'' came into force. Afterwards, the new roof bolt permission guidelines have been worked out by the Landesoberbergamt (Inspectorate of mines) in co-operation with the Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, with the Deutsche Steinkohle AG and with bolt manufacturers. These guidelines have been put into force on the 31{sup st} of August in 2000. Topics of this paper are the new regulation and first experiences. (orig.) [German] Nach der Erarbeitung der ''Richtlinien ueber die Verwendung von Ankerausbau im Steinkohlenbergbau (Anker-Richtlinien)'' vom 28. Mai 1998 wurden unverzueglich auch die ''Richtlinien ueber die Genehmigung von Ankerausbau (Ankergenehmigungs-Richtlinien)'' in Angriff genommen. Diese Richtlinien, die das Landesoberbergamt ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Jansen pumped-storage plants owned by Bayernwerk Wasserkraft AG are located on the river Pfreimd in eastern Bavaria, Germany. The group comprises the three power plants at Reisach, Tanzmuehle and Trausnitz, as well as the Rabenleite upper reservoir and two weirs. After forty years of service, the power plant group has recently been rehabilitated. The rehabilitation and modernization scheme included, inter alia, replacing the surface sealing on the upstream side of the upper reservoir dam, installing a state-of-the-art leakage and stability monitoring system, and renewing the instrumentation and control equipment in the power plants and in the central control room. Finally, the paper describes the operating experience with the new I and C systems. (orig.) [German] Die Pumpspeicherkraftwerke Jansen der Bayernwerk Wasserkraft AG befinden sich an der Pfreimd in Ostbayern. Die Kraftwerksgruppe besteht aus den 3 Kraftwerken Reisach, Tanzmuehle ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Policy strategies for the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources differ significantly among the Member States of the European Union with respect to the amount of additional installed capacity as well as concerning the country-specific support costs. The present report aims to assess the effectiveness and the economic efficiency of the support policies in the EU based on both historical experiences and prospective model-based analysis. The main message of the investigation is that the most effective policy instruments tend to be cost-efficient at the same time. In particular, feed-in tariff systems were identified as a successful instrument for supporting renewable energies in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, whereas quota systems still have to prove themselves in practice. (orig.) [German] Bezueglich des Erfolges bei der Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger im Stromsektor bestehen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In view of current trends in motor car development, the author investigates the increasing conflict between higher comfort and lower fuel consumption. The conflict results mainly from insufficient cooling water heating with consumption-optimized engines. So far, it was never necessary to analyze heat flow after cold starting and heat-up of the powertrain, to develop strategies for heat storage and distribution, to remove heat sinks and to use components multifunctionally. The contribution shows that a general heat management strategy for the whole vehicle will result in high potential fuel savings and improved thermal comfort. Using the example of a latent heat store, heating strategies for the engine and transmission system on the one hand and the passenger compartment on the other hand are developed, and the advantages are presented in detail. [German] Abgeleitet aus den Trends in der Fahrzeugentwicklung wird auf den immer staerker werdenden Konflikt zwischen den ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fibre reinforcement of ceramic materials is used above all to improve the toughness and tolerance of damage, compared to unreinforced monolithic ceramics. This improvement is made possibly by the bridging effect of the cracks by the fibres in crack propagation in the matrix. In this work, the crack bridging effect of the fibres is included in a bridge stress equation, in which a clear relationship between bridge stress and crack opening is determined. The most important step for deriving the bridge stress law was determining the probability of failure of a fibre for a given axial stress curve. One relied on the micromechanical analysis of Hutchinson and Jensen here, by which the boundary conditions in multi-fibre materials can be included and realistic assumptions can be made for the load transfer mechanisms in the fibre/matrix boundary surface. (orig./MM) [Deutsch] Die Faserverstaerkung keramischer Werkstoffe dient vor allem zur Verbesserung der Zaehigkeit und ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Isothermal reaction experiments were performed in the temperature range of 1000 - 1300 C in order to determine the chemical interactions between Zircaloy-4 fuel rod cladding and Inconel-718 spacer grids of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) under severe accident conditions. It was not possible to apply even higher temperatures since fast and complete liquefaction of the components occurred as a result of eutectic interactions during heatup. The liquid reaction products formed enhance and accelerate the degradation of the material couples and the fuel elements, respectively. Only small amounts of Inconel are necessary to liquefy large amounts of Zircaloy. Thin oxide layers on the Zircaloy surface delay the beginning of the chemical interactions with Inconel but cannot prevent them. In this work the reaction kinetics have been determined for the system: as-received and pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4/Inconel 718. The interactions can be described by parabolic rate laws; the Arrhenius equations for ...

Science.gov (United States)

... necessary to allow for the effata nr the finits size of the oressure tranaducer on both the root mean square and power spectral density measurements ...

Science.gov (United States)

Eckert, B., "Axial Kompressoren und Radial Kompressoren," Springer. Verlag, Berlin, 1953. 3. Lebot, Y., et al., "Theoretical and Experimental Determination ...

Science.gov (United States)

... After strip- ping off the chloroform, the dibromo ethyl (EDBEB) compounds are separated from the m-BDBEB using a thin film evaporator. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Hydro- gen gas is fed through a temperature- controlled Pd-Ag leak 161 into a cylindrical double-walled Pyrex bulb, 15 cm long and 1.9 cm in ...

CERN Document Server

This mechanical version was soon after changed into a hydraulic jack one (the reason being a number of serious constructional defects).

Science.gov (United States)

... 2.2.1 Polymerization of DVB Under Pressure DVB was polymerized at 300*C in thin-walled Pd-Ag capsules at pressures up to 60,000 psi. ...

Science.gov (United States)

was deemed adequate and a cooling system designed utilizing the Melcor CP2-15- 10B thermoelectric module. Wall temperature achieved with this system was - 36 ...

Science.gov (United States)

Figure 23 presented detailed layout of the cooling system designed for the Mach 6 hypersonic- transport. The distribution system consisted of thin-wall ...

Science.gov (United States)

... roughness. Since T u'v' and q v'"F the heat transfer augmentation is the square root of the skin friction augmentation: - 1/2 (( St - ,Cf 0 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transport-relevant basic data recorded within the framework of a federation-wide transport data survey made in 1986 are the best-founded source at present for determining the transport volume of other radioactive materials in different economic areas of the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the high recording rates, a sufficiently complete survey can be provided in particular with regard to the transport volume (e.g.transports/consignments/cargos, transport distance) - with the exception of transport by ship - for the ranges of application in reserach, medicine and technology. However, as regards the radiologically relevant basic data and transport modalities, the information supplied by the transporting agencies is incomplete. A table gives a comprehensive survey of type and scope of the transport volume of other radioactive materials in the Federal Republic of Germany (excluding the GDR) for transport by road, rail and air. The table also includes data on the dose rate of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In comparison to deterministic criteria, probabilistic reliability indices like interruption frequency and unavailability give a more differentiated insight into reliability in an electrical energy network. One possibility for network planning based on these indices is the definition of limits for customer nodes, another is the monetarisation of reliability in terms of interruption costs. Because of numerous disadvantages, interruption cost methods could not up to now win broad recognition in network planning in Western Europe. A more recent method for the monetarisation of reliability circumventing most of these disadvantages is the insurance system. In this system the customer selects a tariff class in an insurance system, and the utility reimburses its customers in the case of an interruption. In its first section, the paper describes a method for the flexible and realistic optimisation of MV networks. This method based on Genetic optimisation is able to integrate probabilistic ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Endograftimplantationen im oder am Aortenbogen stellen besondere Herausforderungen an die Implantationstechnik und an die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Stentgrafts und ihren Einf?hrungssystemen, bedingt durch die Notwendigkeit, die Prothesen punktgenau abzusetzen und durch die mit der Biegung im Aortenbogen zunehmende Reibungswiderst?nde innerhalb der Einf?hrungssysteme. Die Endograftsysteme der 1. Generation (Talent?, Zenith TX 1?, TAG?) zeigten in dieser Lokalisation technisch bedingte Limitationen. Neue Prothesen Bei den seit 2004 und 2005 verf?gbaren neuen Stentgrafts (E-vita?, Zenith TX 2?, Valiant?, Relay?) sind diese Limitationen weitgehend ?berwunden. Durch technische Verbesserungen von Stentgrafts und Einf?hrungssystemen ist es nun m?glich, auch lange ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the first part of this contribution, the definition of reference values is given and the theoretical and practical problems in the application of this concept are discussed. In this connection, the present resources on instrumentation and the technical requirements for dose assessment are described. In the second part, some consequences are taken and proposals for further actions are made. (orig.) [German] Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes werden Definitionen von Referenzwerten in der radiologischen Diagnostik untersucht und die theoretischen und praktischen Probleme der Umsetzung des gesamten Konzepts eroertert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch der gegenwaertige Geraetebestand und die technischen Voraussetzungen zur Dosisermittlung beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil werden daraus Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Vorschlaege zum weiteren Vorgehen gemacht. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Das Lungenkarzinom ist eine der h?ufigsten Krebserkrankungen und die h?ufigste Krebstodesursache. Mit der Einf?hrung innovativer Substanzen ist die M?glichkeit einer individualisierten Therapie gegeben, die eine Verbesserung von Prognose und Lebensqualit?t verspricht. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Therapeutika basiert auf spezifischen molekularen Eigenschaften des Lungenkarzinoms und stellt neue Anforderungen an die pathohistologische Diagnostik. Neben dem Histotyp haben sich molekulare Alterationen, insbesondere EGFR-Mutationen, als pr?diktive Marker erwiesen. Die histologische Typisierung umfasst daher nicht nur die Unterscheidung von SCLC und NSCLC, sondern die Subtypisierung der NSCLC unter Einbezug immunhistologischer und molekularer Untersuchungen. Zusammenfassend werden Kri...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Elektrochemische Potentialmessungen (auch Potentialfeldmessungen) haben sich seit Jahren bewahrt, Bereiche mit aktiver chloridinduzierter Korrosion an tausalzexponierten Bauwerken, wie z. B. Bruckentafeln sowie Zwischendecks und Bodenplatten von Parkhausern und Tiefgaragen nachzuweisen. Bereits 1990 erschien die erste Fassung des Merkblatts B3 der DGZfP. Das DAfStb Heft 422 (1991) - Prufung von Beton Empfehlungen und Hinweise zu DIN 1048 - enthielt die Potentialfeldmessung bzw. das Merkblatt B3 im Anhang. In Deutschland liegen somit zwei Jahrzehnte Erfahrungen mit den entsprechenden Regelwerken und naturlich auch in der praktischen Anwendung vor. In der Praxis zeigte sich jedoch auch, dass die Anwendung verbessert werden muss. Die Potentialmessung wurde vielfach sogar falsch durchgefuhrt, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

More than 200 years after the birth of the steam engine, the first thermal engine ever invented, thermal engines such as steam turbines, gas turbines or internal combustion engines are still driving most generators for electric power generation, most machines, and most vehicles, and this will remain so until far into the next century. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit Waermekraftmaschinen wie Dampfturbinen, Gasturinen und Verbrennungsmotoren werden auch heute - mehr als 200 Jahre nach der technischen Reife der Dampfmaschine (der ersten Waermekraftmaschine) - die meisten Generatoren zur Stromerzeugung, die meisten Arbeitsmaschinen und die meisten Fahrzeuge angetrieben. Und dabei wird es auch bis weit in das 21. Jahrhundert bleiben. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: With intracranial tumors a flat, contrast-enhancing, probably dural structure adjacent to the tumor can occasionally be observed on gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MR images. Therefore we have attempted to evaluate a tumor infiltration of this enthancement on MRI. Material and Methods: This study included 50 patients. 19 patients had a dural thickening at the tumor base (13 meningiomas and 6 metastases), while 31 patients did not (12 meningiomas and 19 metastases). Studies included plane T{sub 2}-weighted spin echo (SE) images as well as T{sub 1}-weighted axial, coronal, or sagittal plains with and without contrast agent. Histopathological examinations, were done on the tumor base adjacent to the dura mater. Results: 7 of 12 meningiomas showed a meningeal thickening on MRI with histopathologically proven tumor infiltration as did also 5 of 6 metastases. But 3 of 12 meningiomas and 15 of 19 metastases without dural thickening at the tumor base also showed tumor invasion into the dura ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The research project aimed at the selection or development of wear-reducing measures for submerged components of hydroelectric power plants. This comprised the optimisation of hydraulic profiles as well as materials testing for abrasion and cavitation. Another field of research was the development of appropriate application processes. (orig.) [German] Das Hauptziel des Forschungsvorhabens bestand in der Auswahl bzw. Entwicklung geeigneter Schutzmassnahmen zur Verschleissminderung an wasserberuehrten Komponenten von Wasserkraftanlagen. Diesem Ziel untergeordnet waren neben der Optimierung hydraulischer Profile auch Materialuntersuchungen hinsichtlich Verschleissbestaendigkeit gegenueber Abrasion und Kavitation. Ebenso war die Entwicklung geeigneter Applikationsprozesse ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Aufgabenstellung. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Trapezblechstege im Bruckenbau kommen trotz der groen Vorteile, die diese Bauweise bietet, in Deutschland bisher nur an einem Pilotprojekt zur Anwendung. Durch die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Trapezbleches entstehen konstruktive und wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenuber herkommlichen Bruckenbauweisen. Allerdings lassen die aktuell gultigen Regelwerke aufgrund fehlender Kenntnis zum Tragverhalten und mangelnder Erfahrung keine wirtschaftliche Ausbildung zu. Dies zeigt sich am Beispiel des Pilotprojekts. Die Ausbildung der Verbundfuge wurde hier nur sehr unbefriedigend gelost und verdeutlicht somit die Notwendigkeit einfacher und praktikabler Verbindungsmoglichkeiten. Am Institut fur Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren der Universitat Stuttgart wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The mature spermatozoon of Cricocephalus albus is filiform, tapered at both ends and shows the following features: 2 axonemes of different lengths presenting the 9+''1'' trepaxonematan pattern, 2 bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, a mitochondrion and a nucleus. Nevertheless, the particularity of the spermatozoon of C. albus is its anterior extremity with an apical electron-dense material associated with extramembranar ornamentation, a cytoplasmic dorsolateral expansion and spine-like bodies. To our knowledge, such an anterior extremity of the spermatozoon has not previously been described from a species of the superfamily Pronocephaloidea. Our study provides new data on the mature gamete of C. albus in order to improve our understanding of the pronocephaloidean phylogenetic relatio...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using gasoline as an example of additives for cold start improvement, fuel vapor composition of methanol-gasoline mixtures, fuel evaporation rate in consideration of temperature drop due to heat of fuel evaporation, air fuel ratio, stoichiometric air fuel ratio and excess air ratio of fuel vapor were calculated. The mixture formation of methanol-gasoline mixtures at low temperature in otto cycle engines was studied. Van Laar's empirical formula was used to estimate the partial pressure of high-percentage methanol blends. It was found that the most part of fuel vapor is occupied by gasoline, even when a small amount of gasoline is added to methanol resulting to an extremely small excess air ratio. It is obvious that this vapor pressure adjustment using gasoline is the dominant factor for improvement in cold startability. (10 figs, 1 tab, 10 refs)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A three-dimensional numerical study is performed to explore the effect of pulsed spanwise-periodic surface thermal perturbation (also denoted as thermal bump) in a Mach 1.5 flat plate laminar boundary layer. A high-resolution upwind-biased Roe method is used with the compressive Van Leer harmonic limiter on a suitably refined mesh. The dependence of flow stability characteristics on the variation of thermal bump geometry (shape and dimension) and pulsing properties (disturbance amplitude and frequency) is assessed. It is shown that the finite-span thermal bumps generate streamwise vortices. When the thermal bump is pulsed, vortex shedding is observed, and the streamwise vorticity grows with the downstream distance. Analysis of the integrated disturbance energy indicates that the streamwise...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A kinetic model based on the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism that allows to describe the microkinetics of the heterogeneously catalysed partial oxidation of {alpha}, {beta}-unsaturated aldehydes is presented. This conversion is represented by a network, composed of the oxidation of the {alpha}, {beta}-unsaturated aldehyde towards the {alpha}, {beta}-unsaturated carboxylic acid and the consecutive oxidation of the acid as well as the parallel reaction of the aldehyde to products of deeper oxidation. The reaction steps of aldehyde respectively acid oxidation and catalyst reoxidation have been investigated separately in transient experiments. The combination of steady state and transient experiments has led to an improved understanding of the interaction of the catalyst with the aldehyde and the carboxylic acids as well as to a support of the kinetic model assumptions. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A multivariate logistic regression model, based upon National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) data for calendar years 1999-2008, was developed to predict the probability that a crash-involved vehicle will contain one or more occupants with serious or incapacitating injuries. These vehicles were defined as containing at least one occupant coded with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of greater than or equal to 15, in planar, non-rollover crash events involving Model Year 2000 and newer cars, light trucks, and vans. The target injury outcome measure was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-led National Expert Panel on Field Triage in their recent revision of the Field Triage Decision Scheme (American College of Surgeons, 2006). The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At the 7th Healthy Buildings Conference, which was held in Singapore, 7-11 December 2003, more than 500 articles to improve public health and productivity of workers in buildings and the performance of installations. Special attention is paid to indoor air quality and thermal comfort in relation to energy efficiency. [Dutch] Op de laatste Healthy Buildings conferentie, december 2003 in Singapore, werden meer dan 500 artikelen gepresenteerd over het creeren van gezonde, productiviteit verhogende gebouwen en installaties. Deze keer lag de nadruk op binnenluchtkwaliteit en thermisch binnenklimaat, onder andere op het aspect energiezuinigheid. Opvallend was ook de aandacht die de problemen met binnenluchtkwaliteit in ontwikkelingslanden kreeg.

CERN Document Server

Limiters are nonlinear hybridization techniques that are used to preserve positivity and monotonicity when numerically solving hyperbolic conservation laws. Unfortunately, the original methods suffer from the truncation-error being first-order accurate at all extrema despite the accuracy of the higher-order method. To remedy this problem, higher-order extensions were proposed that relied on elaborate analytic and geometric constructions. Since extremum-preserving limiters are applied only at extrema, additional computational cost is negligible. Therefore, extremum-preserving limiters ensure higher-order spatial accuracy while maintaining simplicity. This report presents higher-order limiting for (i) computing van Leer slopes and (ii) adjusting parabolic profiles. This limiting preserves monotonicity and accuracy at smooth extrema, maintains stability in the presence of discontinuities and under-resolved gradients, and is based on constraining the interpolated ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dimensioning of actinides waste packages for long duration storage has to take into account helium production from natural decay and release rates from the material. For the latter, we propose here an improved method for the determination of the helium diffusion coefficient in britholite, to be used for minor actinides storage. This work is based on results we previously published using the classical three steps method: "3He implantation on a Van de Graaff facility, "3He profile determination analysing the protons resulting from the "3He(d,p)"4He reaction in a nuclear microprobe, evolution of the helium profile during annealings. Taking explicitly into account the incident deuterons energy stragglings allows us to show that the implanted helium profiles are bimodal, each component leading to a different helium diffusion coefficient.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A mobile gamma-ray scanning system has been developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for use in the U.S. Department of Energy's remedial action survey programs. The unit consists of NaI(Tl) detectors housed in a specially equipped van. The system is operator controlled through an on-board minicomputer with data output provided on the computer video screen, strip chart recorders, and an on-line printer. Data storage is provided on floppy disk. Multichannel analysis capabilities are included for qualitative radionuclide identification. A /sup 226/Ra-specific algorithm is currently employed to identify locations containing residual radium-bearing materials.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors investigated the development of tribochemical reaction layers and surface-level structural changes in a fuel-lubricated roller bearing steel 100Cr6 in the limiting friction range, using two different variants of surface treatment and heat treatment. Tribological experiments were carried out in a laboratory test stand with reversing sliding wear under varying loads and with a varying number of friction cycles. [German] Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Entstehung von tribochemischen Reaktionsschichten und oberflaechennahen Gefuegeaenderungen am Waelzlagerstahl 100Cr6 bei Kraftstoffschmierung im Grenzreibungsbereich fuer je zwei Oberflaechenbearbeitungen und Waermebehandlungen zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden tribologische Kurzversuche in einem Laborpruefstand mit reversierender Gleitbeanspruchung unter Variation der Last und der Anzahl der Reibzyklen durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

Wastenet

Buizer, Arizona State University, USA; Gernot Klepper, Kiel Institute of World Economics, ...der Leeuw School for Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, USA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article deals with the following topics: reliability calculation as a basis of a maintenance strategy leads to the knowledge which equipment seems to be critical in the context of a supply interruption; procedure of a risk management; information for a risk assessment: probability of an equipment malfunction, reliability calculation on the system level, failure cost, maintenance cost, further conditions. The article shows an example for a calculation. [German] Die Zuverlaessigkeitsberechnung als Grundlage einer Instandhaltungsstrategie fuehrt zu der Kenntnis, welche Betriebsmittel kritisch im Hinblick auf eine Versorgungsunterbrechung sind. Eine anschliessende Risikobetrachtung schliesst deshalb neben der Betrachtung der nichtgelieferten Energie auch die uebrigen Kosten einer Stoerung ein, die mit den finanziellen Aufwendungen fuer eine Instandhaltung zu vergleichen sind. Im Folgenden wird ein Vorschlag fuer eine ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proactive qualification is today an integral part of the development process for steam turbines used in steam and combined cycle power plants. By providing experimentally based `random` variables, such as the steam path efficiency and blading reliability, it makes a valuable contribution to the economic `random` variables of the power plant, e.g. the rate of return, as viewed by the customer. One of the areas in which proactive product and process qualification plays an important role is the development of LP steam paths. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die proaktive Qualifikation ist heute fester Bestandteil des Entwicklungsprozesses bei Dampfturbinen, die fuer den Einsatz in Dampf- und Kombikraftwerken bestimmt sind. Sie leistet mit Hilfe experimentell ermittelter `Zufalls`-Variablen, wie z.B. Wirkungsgrad der Fluten und Zuverlaessigkeit der Beschaufelungen, einen wertvollen Beitrag zu den fuer die Kunden wichtigen wirtschaftlichen `Zufalls`-Variablen des ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors introduce the above electric car. They deal particularly with the vehicle concept, the energy consumption and the emission balance. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuel cells can make an important contribution to ecologically acceptable energy supply. There are many pilot projects in the 1 W to 1 MW range. Especially the motor car industry is quite interested, and a breakthrough seems to be in sight. The second part of this series discusses the physical and chemical fundamentals of the fuel cell, the function of the electrolyte and catalyst, and the functional principle. (orig.) [German] Brennstoffzellen koennen bei der Riesenaufgabe, den weiter wachsenden Energiebedarf oekologisch vertraeglicher als bisher zu decken, einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. Bis heute (2004) gibt es zahllose Pilotprojekte im Leistungsbereich 1 W bis ueber 1 MW, die die Alltagstauglichkeit der BZ beweisen. Verschiedenste Branchen - vor allem auch die Automobilindustrie - zeigen grosses Interesse fuer kommerzielle Anwendungen. Die Brennstoffzelle als effizienter Energiewandler, scheint vor dem Durchbruch zu stehen. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first equipment installed at KfK-HDB was a system with a thin-film evaporator. This was later replaced by two vapor compression evaporating units with forced circulation, for evaporation of liquid LAW, and a steam-heated natural circulation evaporator, for evaporation of liquid MAW. Nuclear activities of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center phasing out, the liquid radwaste quantities to be treated have been shrinking accordingly, so that the current system is planned to be replaced by a smaller system with a thin-film evaporator. (orig./HP) [Deutsch] Im Laufe der Jahre wurde die Anlage mit Duennschichtverdampfer durch zwei Bruedenkompressionsverdampfer mit Zwangsumwaelzung fuer die Eindampfung leicht aktiver waessriger Abfaelle und einem dampfbeheizten Naturumlaufverdampfer fuer die Eindampfung mittelaktiver waessriger Abfaelle ersetzt. Mittlerweile sinkt der Abwasseranfall seit Jahren stetig aufgrund der sinkenden ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The austenitic nitrided Cr-Mn steels CrMnN 1812, CrMnNMo 1714 and CrNiTi 1810 has been investigated in chloride nitric acid at temperature 20-60 C. The Potentials of pitting nucleation and the time for pitting initiation has been determinate by the hronoamperometric method. It was established that alloying only with nitrogen is not sufficient procedure for obtaining of resistive to localised corrosion steel structure. Of importance for the resistance to localised corrosion of Cr-Mn steels is alloying with molybdenum. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die austenitischen stickstoffhaltigen Cr-Mn Staehle CrMnN 1812, CrMnNMo 1714 und der klassische CrNiTi 1810 wurden in chloridhaltigen Salpetersaeureloesungen im Temperaturbereich 20-60 C untersucht. Durch die hronoamperometrische Methode wurden die Potentiale der Lochfrassbildung und die Zeit zur Initiierung der Lochfrasskorrosion bestimmt. Man stellte fest, dass das Legieren ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The new multi-purpose oxygen cupola furnace is a coke-fired shaft furnace that is operated on pure oxygen. The top gas is recirculated, and the fumes are drawn off at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1 000 C. The furnace offers the possibility of melting down contaminated and zinc-bearing scrap without the occurrence of any environment-polluting gas emissions. The absence of nitrogen ballast permits a high energy efficiency. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der neue Mehrzweck-Sauerstoff-Kupolofen ist ein koksbeheizter Schachtofen, der mit reinem Sauerstoff betrieben wird. Das Gichtgas wird im Kreislauf gefuehrt, und das Abgas wird aus einem Bereich mit Temperaturen von 800 bis 1 000 C abgefuehrt. Der Ofen bietet die Moeglichkeit, verunreinigte und zinkhaltige Schrotte einzuschmelzen, ohne dass umweltbelastende Gasemissionen auftreten. Der fehlende Stickstoffbalast bewirkt einen hohen energetischen Wirkungsgrad. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results of these investigations can be summarised as follows: At simulated operating stress most naturally occuring faults in welded- and cast iron parts develop cracks and can be assessed for reliability under fatigue-,creep- and creep fatigue behaviour according to the laws of fracture mechanics. The empirically determined correlation between the real fault size and the ultrasonic inspection results (height of echo, echo dynamics, sound weakening) lead to better assessment of real fault extension in turbine components. It is very important to adapt the method of inspection and assessment to the type of possible fault.(orig.) [German] Die bei diesen Untersuchungen ermittelten Ergebnisse lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: - Die Mehrzahl der untersuchten natuerlichen Fehlstellen in den Schmiede- und Gussstuecken verhalten sich unter den simulierten Betriebsbeanspruchungen rissartig und sind damit mittels den bruchmechanischen Gesetzen in ihrem ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report provides and overview of calculation models for the simulation of airflows and deals comprehensively with field and multi-zone models as well as the coupling of individual zone and multi-zone models. Examples of calculations are given. figs., tabs., refs.