Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of temperature and the use of macroreticular resins were studied in lithium isotope separation by an ion-exchange method. The isotope separation factors obtained decreased by increasing the temperature, and the factors for macroreticular resins were identical with those for the usual gel-type resins. However, the performance of isotope separation per unit band length in displacement chromatography was found to be improved by increasing the temperature and using macroreticular resins, because accelerating the interphase mass transfer caused the reduction of HETP (Height Equivalent to a Theoretical Plate).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Components of various forest and agricultural residue biomass-including the polyphenolic compounds-were converted into aqueous solution and/or suspension by extraction and digestion. Some biomass components reacted vigorously under alkaline catalysis with formaldehyde and initially showed a high degree of exothermic reaction; however, other components did not react as vigorously under these conditions, indicating that different biomass materials require different methods to obtain optimum reactivity for the copolymerization with phenol. Our primary goal is to develop adhesives capable of producing acceptable bond quality, as determined by the wood products industries` standards, under a reasonable range of gluing conditions. Copolymer resins of phenol, formaldehyde, and biomass components were synthesized and evaluated for gluability of bonding exterior grade structural replaced with chemicals derived from peanut hulls, pecan shell flour, pecan pith, southern pine ...

CERN Document Server

Reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester resins

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polycarbonate (PC), a non-crystalline resin, and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a crystalline resin, can be achieved by means of alloying of improving such various properties as chemical resistance, heat and impact resistance, and formability. This paper describes its manufacturing methods, properties, and market trends. A PC/PBT alloy improves the chemical resistance if the PBT composition ratio is high, but reduces thermal deformation temperature and impact strength. It is regarded adequate, therefore, that the PBT component ratio is set to 20% to 30%. The impact strength is improved by adding elastomer as a third component. The national production amount in 1992 was 4,800 tons a year; price per kilogram is 700 to 800 yen; and the main application is interior and exterior parts for automobiles. While PP and urethane are often used for interior and exterior automotive parts, there is a high possibility of transferring ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Oils in Jinghu sag are abundant with high content of polar compounds and have a low ratio of saturate to aro-matic hydrocarbons and a high ratio of resin to asphaltene. The gross composition of oils in the Jinghu sag suggests typical immature to low mature characteristics. Some compounds with low thermal stability were identified. Light hy-drocarbons, a carbon preference index, an odd even index, n-alkane and hopane maturity parameters show mature fea-tures and little differences in the maturity level among oils. Sterane isomerization parameters indicate an immature to low mature status of oil. Transfer of the sedimentary center during sedimentation has led to different thermal histories among subsags and thus generated oils with different maturities. On the basis of source analyses, four ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reduction of occupational radiation exposure dose in a BWR plant is achieved by an elimination of crud in a BWR primary loop condensate stream by condensate demineralizer. Crud removal by condensate polisher improves year by year, a phenomenon called the Aging Effect of Ion Exchange Resins. The cause of this phenomenon is assumed to be mainly due to changes in the cation resin property becoming more crud adsorptive, where a typical change in physical property of aged cation resin is an increase in water retention capacity. Assuming that the crud removal efficiency was influenced by a crosslinkage of cation resin, an attempt was made to enhance this removal efficiency by decreasing the crosslinkage and satisfactory results were obtained. As a result, new gel type cation resins were developed with lower crosslinkage and larger surface areas, as compared with conventional gel type ...

Science.gov (United States)

The beater additive process for manufacturing combustible cartridge cases is superior to the solvent resin, post-impregnation process. However, the current beater additive resins do not produce as good a product as the solvent-resin system. The objective ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Dowex 50W-X8 and 50W-Xl2 resin samples are both strong acid cation materials in the hydrogen form. Each material has a water retention capacity characteristic of its respective marketed degree of cross-linking. Dowex 21K gives confirmatory responses to tests for a strong anion exchange resin in the nitrate form. All three resins have the manufacturer's specified ionic type and form, and the Dowex 50W resins have characteristic water retention capacities. These tests conclude that the ion exchange resins in use in FB-Line meet the approved safety document criteria for cross-linking, ionic form, and resin type.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of crud removal technology has started with the finding of the resin aging effect that an old ion exchange resin, aged by long year of use in the condensate demineralizer, had an enhanced crud removal capability. It was confirmed that some physical properties such as specific surface area and water retention capacity were increased due to degradation caused by long year of contact with active oxygens in the condensate water. So, it was speculated that those degradation in the resin matrix enhanced the adsorption of crud particulate onto the resin surface, hence the crud removal capability. Based on this, crud removal resin with greater surface area was first developed. This resin has shown an excellent crud removal efficiency in an actual power plant, and the crud iron concentration in the condensate effluent was drastically reduced by this ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 177 underground storage tanks at the DOE's Hanford Site contain an estimated 180 million tons of high-level radioactive wastes. It is desirable to remove and concentrate the highly radioactive fraction of the tank wastes for vitrification. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (R-F) resin, an organic ion-exchange resin with high selectivity and capacity for the cesium ion, which is a candidate ion-exchange material for use in remediation of tank wastes. The report includes information on the structure/function analysis of R-F resin and the synthetic factors that affect performance of the resin. CS-100, a commercially available phenol-formaldehyde (P-F) resin, and currently the baseline ion-exchanger for removal of cesium ion at Hanford, is compared with the R-F resin. The primary structural unit of the R-F resin was determined to consist of a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Considerations were given on typical applications of nylon resin parts to automotive use and their future trends through news topics. GF strengthened nylon resin is used in cylinder head covers substituting aluminum because of advantages in nylon resin of weight reducibility, vibration suppressibility, and noise shielding capability. Radiator tank uses N66GF 30% strengthened nylon in more than 60% of bonnet type passenger cars. Nylon resin is used most in harness connectors installed in locations that require heat resistance. External car parts such as bumpers, fenders, and wheel caps use to some extent nylon resin in the form of strengthened and up-graded polymer alloy. BMW in Germany used in its high-class production cars intake manifolds made of GF strengthened Nylon 66. The majority of engine{prime}s gas intake system parts has been replaced with Nylon blow-formed parts. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russian 1977. USSR Dubinskaya, NA Kolomijtsev, MA Dundua, V.Yu.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1974). Hungary Kolomit'sev, MA Ambardanashvili, TS Dundua, V.Yu. AN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A number of ion exchange materials are being evaluated as part of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) Pretreatment Project for the removal of "1"3"7Cs from aqueous tank wastes. Two of these materials are organic resins; a phenol-formaldehyde resin (Duolite CS-100) produced by Rohm and Haas Co. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin produced by Boulder Scientific Co. (Mead, Colorado). One of the key parameters in the assessment of the organic based ion exchange materials is its useful lifetime in the radioactive and chemical environment that will be encountered during waste processing. The focus of the work presented in this report is the radiation stability of the CS-100 and the RF resins. The scope of the testing included one test with a sample of the CS-100 resin and testing of two batches of the RF ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this report, the quantitative relation between the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) and the size of ion exchange resin is studied by enriching lithium isotopes with high pressure ion exchange displacement chromatography. The dependence of HETP on the size of the resin can be expressed as H = C x (anti r)sup( ) in which = 2.4 and it is found that Snyder's equation is suitable for such a system of isotope separation as may be explained by the simple displacement mechanism.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radiation polymerization of multifunctional unsaturated polyester-monomer mixtures in wood forms interpenetrating network system. The mechanical resistance (compression, abrasion, hardness, etc.) of these composite materials are generally well over the original wood, however the impact strength is almost the same or even reduced, in comparison to the wood itself. An attempt is made using elastic polyester resins to produced wood-polyester composite materials with improved modulus of elasticity and impact properties. For the impregnation of European beech wood two types of elastic unsaturated polyester resins were used. The exothermic effect of radiation copolymerization of these resins in wood has been measured and the dose rate effects as well as hardening dose was determined. Felxural strength and impact properties were examined. Elastic unsaturated polyester resins improved the impact strength of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benthic invertebrates can uptake metals through diffusion of free ion solutes, or ingestion of sediment-bound forms. This study investigated the efficacy of the metal chelating resin SIR 300TM in adsorbing porewater metals and isolating pathways of metal exposure. A field experiment (Botany Bay, Sydney, Australia) and a laboratory toxicity test each manipulated the availability of porewater metals within contaminated and uncontaminated sediments. It was predicted that within contaminated sediments, the resin would adsorb porewater metals and reduce toxicity to invertebrates, but in uncontaminated sediments, the resin would not significantly affect these variables. Whereas in the laboratory, the resin produced the predicted results, in the field the resin increased porewater metal concentrations of contaminated sediments for at least 34 days and decreased abundances of four ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The treatment and disposal of oily waters from oil production and refining processes represent an important technological pass for attendance of the ambient legislation and to the politics of the Cia of search of the environmental excellence. The reuse or reinjection of the co-produced water has been considered an interesting strategical alternative, however, the water quality requirement for these processes demands a pretreatment step, considering the exit effluent from primary and secondary treatment processes currently used. This work presents resulted of the polymeric resin development for tertiary treatment of oily waters with low oil and grasses content and fine solids, including the dissolved fraction. These resins can adsorb, in reversible form, organic components. Its high adsorption capacity is determined by the polarity, superficial area, range of porosity and a wide distribution of particle size and pore. Another important ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of the rate of resin addition and moisture content (MC) on the static bending properties and creep behavior of phenol-resin-treated particleboards are investigated. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of phenol-resin-treated boards shows the maximum value at 7 to 9 percent MC and large decreases at 19 to 28 percent MC, retaining values about 30 to 40 percent lower than those in the oven dry condition. The bending property is improved with the increase of low molecular weight resin content, and the tendency is obvious when MC is high. Creep compliance tends to increase with the increase of MC, and the rate of increase is larger with smaller resin content. The value of creep compliance after 48 hours under load becomes about 1.8 times the value in the dry condition at 7 to 9 percent MC, and about 2 times the value when MC increases to 19 to 27 percent from 7 to 9 percent. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper describes uptake of gaseous lodine-131 on silver impregnated organic resin, Amberlite IR-120, available at the Secondary Steam Generator (S.S.G.) Opening at T.A.P.S. in comparison with activated charcoal. The experiments are conducted in dry and wet conditions by soaking the impregnated resin and activated charcoal in distilled water for wet condition. The paper also describes the iodine sampler specially designed and fabricated for these experiments.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The report is divided into three sections. The first section contains a general introduction to ion exchange resins used in various processes, the second section describes characteristic properties of the polymer materials and the inter relation between them. This will, in turn, be useful to interpret the data obtained from the various tests carried out on the resins in the laboratory. In the third section of the report, are given the details of each method used for a particular test to be carried out on a routine basis. Each method describes the principle involved, the reagents and apparatus used in the experiment, the actual procedure and calculations and recording of the data. 3 refs. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

Three bonding agents were evaluated to determine which were most effective in enhancing the bond of resin composite to stainless steel. A light-activated resin composite was bonded to a total of 60 stainless steel specimens using Panavia, Cover-Up, or Silicoating. Tensile bond strength measurements revealed that all three agents provide a satisfactory means of increasing adherence of the esthetic veneer without decreasing bonding through thermocycling of the specimens. Panavia and Cover-Up were significantly more effective than Silicoating and appear to be easier to use. PMID:8297460

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aesthetic dentistry continues to evolve through innovations in bonding agents, restorative materials, and conservative preparation techniques. The use of direct composite restoration in posterior teeth...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the present work is to investigate the effects of matrix resin and fiber content on the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in continuous-glass-fiber-mat reinforced CP-resin composites. For this purpose, ductile matrix resin and brittle one are used. These two kinds of resins have the characteristic that the elastic modulus and tensile strength are nearly the same with each other while the elongation is different. The composite specimens are made of these resins and continuous grass fiber mat of 20 wt.% and 60 wt% fiber contents. The fatigue crack propagation test was conducted by using the tapered DCB specimens to control the stress intensity factor range, {delta}K, during the test. The results obtained are as follows; (1) The relation between the crack propagation rate, da/dN, and {delta}K for all the present materials is shown by a straight line in logarithmic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The synthesis, characterization, and some analytical applications of a new triazine resin are described. Separation of group IB, IIB, VIB, and VIIB metal ions from group VIII metal ions is achieved by this PDT-4 resin. Calcium(II) and magnesium(II) are taken up at pH = 6, 0.1 M acetate and are eluted at pH = 6, 0.1 M sodium nitrate. Copper(II) is retained at pH = 6, 0.1 M acetate and pH = 1 hydrochloric acid and is eluted subsequently by 5 M perchloric acid. Molybdenum(VI) is sorbed selectively from 0.1 N sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid and is eluted in a tight band by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Numerous rapid column chromatographic separations are reported using this new resin, including analysis of NBS standard samples.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novel and unprecedented ion exchange resin cleaning system, for use in BWR plants and featuring a vibration separator and basic design factors of Radiological Solutions, Inc., had been delivered to Tokai No. 2 Power Station, Japan Atomic Power Company, in October 2005. This compactly-designed system effectively separates crud and resin fines from ion exchange resins, with no clogging of separation screens. It generates minimized waste liquid and has a specially designed over-pack cleaning tank. The system has been in operation for about 2 years and half now and favorable operational data, such as crud and sulfate concentration decrease in feed water and reactor water respectively, and evaluation results have been reported from Japan Atomic Power Company and so on. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of Chelex resin for the synthesis of radioactive lead complexes has been explored. The process involved immobilization of {sup 203}Pb on the resin and subsequent elution of complexed lead by chelating agents. {sup 203}Pb complexes derived from meso- and racemic dimercaptosuccinic acid (meso-DMSA, rac-DMSA) were prepared and assessed for stability in vitro.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wood/polymer composites (WPC) have been prepared from pinewood with different compounds using gamma irradiation: butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and unsaturated polyester styrene resin. The polymer loading was determined with respect to the compound concentration and the irradiation dose. The polymer loading increases generally with increase in the monomer or polymer concentration. Tensile and compression strength have been improved in the four cases, but no improvement was observed using unsaturated polyester styrene resin or acrylamide.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent nuclear power plants require high purity water to protect nuclear reactors or steam generators from SCC and maintain in good condition. In this connection, it is especially important to minimize sulfate, which is a corrosive chemical originated from oxidative degradation of cation exchange resins during operation. Recently, uniform particle size (UPS) strong acid cation gel resin with 14% cross-linkage, which has excellent stability against oxidization, has been applied to several condensate purification systems. For further improvement of water quality, some methods for changing the configuration of condensate demineralizer's resin bed have been examined. For example, these methods correspond to anion under layer and cation over layer. We have tested these methods by cold column tests. Furthermore, we have developed the newly anion exchange resin having higher efficiency and capacity for ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To reduce the cost of the formed coke briquettes which can be used as a substitute fuel to the metallurgical coke for the blast furnace from the coke breeze alternative binders and their blends were used. The high temperature behavior was investigated. The binders tested were: the nitrogen blown, air blown coal tar pitch and the blend of air blown coal tar pitch with the phenolic resins blends. The phenolic resin blends were prepared by mixing equal amount of resole and novalac. From the results, nitrogen blowing resulted in the weakest briquettes. The air blowing procedure should be preferred in place of nitrogen blowing for this purpose. When the air blown coal tar pitch was used alone as a binder, the briquettes must be cured at 200^oC for 2h, then carbonized at a temperature above 670^...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Flame retardants (FRs) are used for in protection against fire. Organic inorganic hybrids could become one of the most promising FR solution in the future. In this paper, the synthesis, the characterization and the use as FRs and filler of grafted titania and alumina with 2 chloroethylphosphonic acid are presented. These hybrids contain 3.8 3.24% P and have good flame retardance when they are incorporated into unsaturated polyester resins. Alumina treated with 2 chloroethylphosphonic acid performed better than titania. The advantage of this approach is the use of these hybrid materials as filler and FR, in the same time, and the increase in flame retardancy by synergistic effect between alumina phosphorus and chlorine, for unsaturated polyester resins. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anion-exchange chromatography of element 105, dubnium (Db), produced in the "2"4"8Cm("1"9F, 5n)"2"6"2Db reaction is investigated together with the homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa in 13.9 M hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The distribution coefficient (K_d) of Db on an anion-exchange resin is successfully determined by running cycles of 1702 chromatographic column separations. The result clearly indicates that the adsorption of Db on the resin is significantly different from that of the homologues and that the adsorption of anionic fluoro complexes of these elements decreases in the sequence of Ta#approx#Nb>Db#>=#Pa. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) has been measured hourly from waking to sleeping in 29 workers with respiratory symptoms exposed to the fumes of soft soldering fluxes containing colophony (pine resin)....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A laminated material composed of glass cloth/polyimide film/epoxy resin will be used as an insulating material for superconducting coil of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). In order to keep safe and stable operation of the superconducting coil system, it is indispensable to evaluate radiation resistance of the material, because the material is exposed to severe environments such as high radiation field and low temperature of 4 K. Especially, it is important to estimate the amount of gases evolved from the insulating material by irradiation, because the gases affect on the purifying system of liquid helium in the superconducting coil system. In this work, the gas evolution from the laminated material by gamma ray irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) was investigated, and the difference of gas evolution behavior due to difference of composition in the epoxy resin was discussed. It was found that the main gases ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Low molecular weight epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A was synthesized and mixed at constant percentages with natural rubber. The rubber epoxy system was cured with various types of curing agents such as ethylene diamine, maleic anhydride as well as the prepared resole phenol formaldehyde. A study of the photo-induced crosslinking of the prepared elastic adhesives and film samples was carried out by exposure to ultraviolet lamp (300 w) for 2 weeks at 20 deg. C. Samples containing ethylene diamine were cured at 25 + - 1 deg. C. for 24 h while samples containing maleic anhydride or resole phenol formaldehyde resins were thermally cured at 150-170 deg. C. for 10 min. Cured adhesive compositions were tested mechanically and physically and evaluated as wood adhesives. While hardness, chemical resistance as well as heat stability of the prepared cured film sample were investigated. The obtained data indicate that the highest epoxy ...

Science.gov (United States)

The structural features of 25mm combustible cartridge cases, manufactured for this program and having nitrocellulose/resin/fiber ratios of 85/10/5, 80/15/5, 75/20/5 and 75/10/15, were characterized through permeability measurements, respectively, about 10...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) show the potential for toxicity on the basis of their ratio. Accordingly, the authors spiked cadmium in a range for which Cd/AVS ratios were from 0.2 to 10 in the sediment with its weight about 8 kg in each batch. Dialysis samplers with a cation ion-exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X4) collection were used in a laboratory for the determination of free cadmium concentrations in pore water of the collected sediment. When equilibrium was reached among cadmium in pore water, sediment, and ion-exchange resin, cadmium exchanged onto resin phase was regenerated with 1 N hydrochloric acid (OPTIMA grade) and determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Zeeman 5000) with a graphite furnace accessory. Cadmium determined using the dialysis sampler is considered as free cadmium which is related to the metal bioavailability toward aquatic biota. The developed ...

Science.gov (United States)

... To maximise heat transfer rates, many heatshield designs make use of heat transfer augmentation devices such as large numbers of pin-fin ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of an evaluation of 18 different products that can be used as waterstops in hydraulic dams to minimize or eliminate leaks at construction joints, were discussed. The materials were tested for permeability and adherence at 23, 15 and 5 degrees C. A two-component polyurethane resin product was found to be the one that best fulfilled the evaluation criteria. It was also found that the successful injection of a borehole depends not only on selecting the product with the best performance characteristics, but also on the technique used. Hence the preparation of the resin and the pressure at which it is injected are important performance criteria. 5 refs., 6 photos, 4 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The following are reported: colorimetric determination of Ti in Cr, decontamination of metals by anodic dissolution, computer code for x-ray peak identification, gel-permeation chromatography of CoRezyn 1664 polyester resin, infrared monitoring of gases and vapors, particle size analysis of dusts, nondestructive analysis of Oralloy for removable alpha contamination, dissolution (digestion) of high-fired oxides, assay of U in a Pu-U alloy, measurement of oxide thickness on Pu metal by x-ray diffraction, analysis of precipitated Pu peroxide, differentiation of Dowex SBR and 11 resins, and determination of Pu solubility in simulated lung fluid.

CERN Document Server

A simple model is outlined to describe the collision of cast phenol-formaldehyde resin spheres such as the balls used in the parlor game of pocket billiards, based in part on the famous analysis of elastic collisions developed by Heinrich Hertz over 100 years ago. The analysis treats the normal and tangential components of the initial sphere's velocity independently as it collides with a stationary identical second sphere. The collective effects of these and other parameters on the trajectory of the second sphere are provided in the conclusions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Epoxy-resin based neutron shielding material, NS-4-FR, is used for spent fuel transport and/or storage cask. In this paper the outline of thermal aging test performed to evaluate the heating effect on this neutron shielding material, NS-4-FR, is introduced. The test is consisted of two kinds of thermal aging test, one is 'Basic Test' and the other is 'Block Heating Test'. The former is cooperatively performed by ten Japanese Electrical Power Companies, and the latter is done by GESC and NOF Corporation. (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadolinium removal during the first approach to criticality of TAPP-4 540 MWe reactor using mixed bed resin (strong acid cation resin and weak base anion resin) topped with strong acid cation exchange resin yielded IX column outlet pH of >6 during the first 6 h of run during which [Gd] decreased from 2.1 to 1 mg/kg. However, the main moderator system pH was between 5.0-5.5. Technical specification for pH of moderator is in the range 5.0-5.5 as long as Gd is present. This is to avoid any precipitation of Gd in the core and a pH of 5.8 or even a pH of 5.6 when carbonate is present is specified as the upper limit of the moderator system pH for this purpose. The situation of IX column outlet pH being #>=# 6 mixing with a system water having Gd results in local mixing zone pH in the range of 6- 5.4. In order to have an iso-pH regime (5-5.5) both with respect to the IX outlet as well as in the system, ...

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Safe Transference of Spent Fuel Assemblies from Near-Reactor Storage Pools to Long-term "Dry" Storage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of the study is to prepare ionic exchangers using the polymerization of unsaturated polyster with monomeric styrene units in a ratio of 60%: 40% respectively. The type of method involved in this preparation, is called An Emulsion Polymerization. Such type of polymerization was carried out by two techniques: chemical and irradiation techniques. The first techniques requires the formation of free radical monomers by use of methyl Ethy Ketone Peroxide capable of decomposing into free radicals upon heating, while the other technique involves the use of gamma rays (using Co-60 source) capable of activating monomers towards free radical formations. A number of very effective chemical parameters and physical factors were used and investigated throughout the reactions such as: dispersant matrix, viscosity, rate of mixing, and irradiation dose. Besides, the study has included the study of the rate of Resin Beads Swelling which is thought to be another important part ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The chemical fixation of tritium in stearic acid followed by embedding the tritiated stearic acid into an epoxy resin proved to be a good method for permanent waste disposal of tritium gas. Tc-126 and Tc-136 hardener were used for this purpose. The polymerization temperature of the polymer products was found to be highly decreased by adding stearic acid and slightly decreased by adding stearic acid or by raising the temperature of the leachant medium and slightly decreased by irradiation. On the other hand, small improvement in the compressive strength of the polymer products was achieved by adding silica powder. The polymer product showed high flame points above 573 K although it contains stearic acid. DTA and TG analysis indicate that the thermal stability of polymer products containing stearic acid and silica powder is better than samples containing only stearic acid. Stearic acid was found to possess good resistance to irradiation and the amount of hydrogen and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the stereolithography process, three dimensional parts are built layer by layer using a laser to selectively cure slices of a photocurable resin, one on top of another. As the laser spot passes over the surface of the resin, the ensuing chemical reaction causes the resin to shrink and stiffen during solidification. When laser paths cross or when new layers are cured on top of existing layers, residual stresses are generated as the cure shrinkage of the freshly gelled resin is constrained by the adjoining previously-cured material. These internal stresses can cause curling in the compliant material. A capability for performing finite element analyses of the stereolithography process has been developed. Although no attempt has been made to incorporate all the physics of the process, a numerical platform suitable for such development has been established. A methodology and code architecture have been ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iron concentration control in feedwater is one of the most important subjects in water chemistry. Especially for the BWR plants without 100% flow volume of hollow fiber filter (HFF), rather high iron concentration in feedwater is one of the big issues as this causes relatively high radiation dose rate in drywell area. Cation exchange resins especially used in the plants with partial flow rate of HFF are expected to have the important role of capturing iron in feedwater. For this purpose, we have investigated the effective method for using iron absorption characteristics of cation exchange resin. The Cation-Over Layer method (COL) in condensate demineralizers (CD) effectively utilizes these characteristics. In order to demonstrate a performance of the cation overlay method, we had applied this method for three CD vessels at Fukushima Daiichi NPP Unit 3 for testing purpose. The result of this actual plant test indicated that the iron ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this study is to acquire fundamental knowledge about the factors for production and the physical properties of boards when wood powder is used as the main material and powder adhesive is used as the binder in the formation of wood boards under heat and pressure. The effects of temperature for pressing, specific gravity of board, and the ratio of adhesive on bending strength, internal binding force, and size and stability against moisture are investigated. The temperature behavior at the central area of boards under heat and pressure shows similar tendency of stagnation near 140degC which increases thereafter irrespective of the temperature of the hot plate in this experiment. The bending property increases linearly when the resin content is low, and shows the tendency of leveling off gradually when the resin content is larger than 20%. Linear relation with specific gravity if obtained in the 0.6 to 1.0 specific gravity range. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The preparation of wood-plastic combinations (WPC) using combined methods for curing intermediate products and final products is described. In the first step, impregnated wood was irradiated using doses of 1 to 10 kGy in the presence of chemical initiators of polymerization. Thereafter, curing of this partly cured impregnating mixture was accomplished in the wood at elevated temperatures with the aid of chemical initiators of polymerization. Impregnation mixtures based on unsaturated polyester resins and methyl methacrylate, and the wood species European Beech (Fagus silvatica) and Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa) were used. The results indicate that this method of preparing WPC allows substantially lower radiation doses to be used, i.e., doses in the range of 1 to 2.5 kGy. These doses gelatinate the impregnation mixture in the wood so that the subsequent curing by chemical polymerization initiators proceeds without the impregnation mixture flowing out of the wood, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by valonia tannin resin was investigated as a function of particle size, initial pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms that govern copper removal and find a suitable equilibrium isotherm and kinetic model for the copper removal in a batch reactor. The experimental isotherm data were analysed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm. The experimental data were analysed using four sorption kinetic models - the pseudo-first- and second-order equations, the Elovich and the intraparticle diffusion model equation - to determine the best fit equation for the biosorption of copper ions onto valonia tannin resin. Results show that the pseudo-second-order equation provides the best correlation for the biosorption process, whereas the Elovich equation also fits the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between micro-tensile bond strength (mTBS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of resin composite restorations in cavities filled by a bulk or incremental technique using the micro-tensile test.MethodsClass I cavities (4mm long, 3mm wide, 3mm deep) were prepared into dentine of sixteen human molars. All cavities were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond and restored with AP-X composite with either a bulk or incremental technique. After storage in water for 24h, the teeth were vertically sectioned to yield two slabs. Each slab was sectioned into three sticks. Sticks of one slab were trimmed into an hourglass of 0.7mm2 area at resin-dentine interface for bond strength measurement while the other sticks were trimmed at the centre of the...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The project is intended to yield information on the transfer factors describing the transfer of ingested radionuclides to breast milk for the following elements: antimony, cerium, chromium, cobalt, gallium, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, radium, ruthenium, silver, thorium, titanium, and uranium. Those yet unknown or poorly known transfer factors are required in order to be able to develop a reliable model for description and assessment of the transfer of the radionuclides and the possibly resulting hazardous doses to infants, and for subsequent formulation of recommendations for radiological protection of the population. (orig./CB)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heat transfer augmentation by straight grid spacers in rod bundles is studied for single phase flow and for post critical heat flux dispersed flow. The heat transfer effect of swirling grid spacers in single phase flow is also examined. Governing heat transfer mechanisms are analyzed, and predictive formulations are established. For single phase flow, the local heat transfer at a straight spacer and at its upstream or downstream locations are treated separately. 18 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book contains nine selections. Some of the titles are: High Heat-Flux, Forced-Convection Heat Transfer for Tubes with Twisted-Tape Inserts; Heat Transfer Augmentation by Interrupted Surfaces - Experimental Consideration; Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer from Externally Roughened Tubes in Axial Flow in Concentric Pipe Heat Exchangers; and Heat Transfer Enhancement of Turbulent Flow in Pipes with an Internal Circular Rib.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To enable the use of a vacuum container under a relatively high temperature or a high level radioactive dose. Constitution: Vacuum sealing materials for use in a vacuum container are made of resins such as polyimide and polyamide. The sealing materials are joined to the both surfaces of a plate-like insulator by means of adhesives or sealants, or the sealing materials are joined between two plate-like insulators by means of adhesives or sealants. They are situated within grooves of both of flanges, which are clamped tightly by insulation bolt and nut. Since the vacuum sealing materials are joined to the insulator by means of the adhesives or sealants, the reliability of the vacuum sealing can be improved without impairing the electrical insulation. The resin of the vacuum sealing material can be used for the radiation dose up to 10"8 rad, temperature up to 250"0C or more. (Seki, K.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We prepared macromer-grafted polymers (MGPs) containing suitable polymer side chains for improving solubility and pyrene units for improving adsorption on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) surfaces, and demonstrated that these MGPs act as MWCNT solubilizers that improve solubility of MWCNTs in typically poor solvents such as alkanes and that improve flowability of polymer/MWCNT composites. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-MGPs, synthesized using PDMS macromers and pyrene-containing monomers, improved solubility of MWCNTs not only in chloroform but also in hexane, which is a poor solvent for MWCNTs. Moreover, the addition of PDMS-MGP-adsorbed MWCNTs (MWCNT/PDMS-MGPs) to epoxy resin monomers or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) drastically reduced the viscosity of the obtained epoxy resin mo...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple method is presented for the separation of lead-203 from copper-backed thallium cyclotron targets. The procedure involves cation-exchange chromatography in hydrochloric acid and hydrochloric acid-acetone mixtures. Further purification involves anion-exchange chromatography in nitric acid-hydrobromic acid mixtures. A cation-exchange column containing 3.0 g of resin can handle as much as 15 g of thallium and 160 mg of copper. An anion-exchange column containing 3.0 g of resin can separate lead from up to 200 mg of thallium and 10 mg of copper. Separations are extremely sharp and less than 0.1 ..mu..g of thallium and less than 0.1 ..mu..g of copper remain in the lead-203 fraction.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, the use of the weakly basic anion exchange resins of phenol-formaldehyde (Amberlyst A 23), polyacrylate (Amberlite IRA 67) and polystyrene (Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62) matrices for removal of the reactive dye Remazol Black B (RBB) from aqueous solution and wastewater were investigated. RBB sorption on the anion exchangers was a time dependent process. Color reduction percentiles of 75.2, 33.9 and 25.1% in wastewater treatment were found after 216 h of phase contact time with Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, Amberlyst A 23 and Amberlite IRA 67, respectively. Inorganic salts and anionic surfactant action influenced RBB uptake by the anion exchangers. The amounts of dye retained by the anion exchangers increased with a rise in temperature. The maximum sorption capacities calculated from the...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using the radiation chemical method it is possible to prepare wood-plastic composites using doses of 1 to 2.5 kGy. The impregnation mixture in the wood gelatinates and subsequent curing using chemical initiators takes place without outflow of the mixture from the wood and without formation of incrustations. The basic components of the impregnation mixtures used were unsaturated polyester resins; styrene or methyl methacrylate was used as the thinner. The proven initiator of polymerization was 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. The technology is described of wood impregnation and radiation or chemical curing. The effects were monitored of viscosity, temperature, radiation dose and the concentrations of the individual components of the impregnation mixtures and initiators of polymerization on the process of the preparation of wood-plastic composites.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The improving uranium extraction efficiency of yellow cake production from shale deposit by acid pugging and curing with D263B resin adsorption is described in this paper. The analysis and examination show that the composition of uranium minerals in one of uranium ores is very complex, which directly influence the extraction efficiency of uranium and processing technology. Conventional experimental results indicate that uranium leaching efficiency is changed between 50?60% by conventional agitation method. In this case, acid pugging and curing experiments are employed in order to improving the extraction efficiency. A series of acid pugging and curing experiments are carried out to get parameters for heap leaching in pilot plant experiment. The experiment results by acid pugging and curing technology showed that uranium leaching efficiency can reach to 90% of extraction efficiency mixed with 1% manganese dioxide, 12% sulfuric acid pugging, curing 3 days and leached ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electrical penetration assemblies mounted on the containment wall are used to carry electrical power and signals from the equipment inside this containment (e.g. recirculation pumps, control rod position indications etc.) Todays BWR nuclear power plants apply epoxy resin sealed electric penetration. Contrariwise, the epoxy resin (organic sealant) was replaced with sodium barium glass (inorganic) by way of trial in search for a quality sealant. The glass sealant has been proved to have high temperature airtightness at 300 degC above from an evaluation test involving full-scale model parts. Environmental tests were conducted continuously as to heat cycle, vibration and LOCA etc. the specimens (module) of five types. They were made certain of conformity to the design requirements for boiling water operation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC) was prepared from recycled films of agricultural use and wood wastes, and LLDPE and neat PE resin mixture were also utilized in order to compare the properties. Maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide were used as an adhesion promoter and an initiator, respectively. Tensile properties of WPC were measured via tensile test as a function of wood filler and MA content, and fracture surface was also investigated with SEM. As the content of wood filler increased, elongation decreased but modulus increased. However, tensile strength of WPC increased only when MA was used, and 1 wt.% of MA may be high enough to increase the tensile properties. The tensile properties of WPC prepared from recycled PE films were almost same as those of neat PE resin mixture. (author). 18 refs., 5 figs.

CERN Document Server

Preparation of covalently modified organic-inorganic composite nanoparticles and their interfacial electron transfer researches

Science.gov (United States)

heat transfer augmentation was found to increase with decreasing length scale but no optimum length scale was found. Heat transfer augmentation due to turbu- ...

CERN Multimedia

An ion beam has been successfully transfered from the SPS to the LHC for the first time on 12 November 2007.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As a new production technique of yellow cake, resorption with loaded resin-elution with acid ammonium nitrate-precipitation in two steps is studied. The results show that the produced yellow cake by the new production technique has better performance of settlement, filtration and dehydration. Each index of yellow cake accords with the first grade level issued by CNNC without washing, uranium and water content are 70% and 25%, respectively

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A description is given of sinterable powders and methods of producing sintered products using such powders. The powders consist of (a) a particulate ceramic material, e.g. SiC, having specified particle size and surface area; (b) a carbon source material, e.g. sugar or a phenol-formaldehyde resin; and (c) a residue from a solution of H3BO3, B2O3, or mixtures of these as sintering aid. (U.K.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A phantom simulation imaging quality control device is described that effectively simulates one centimeter lesions, using steel ball bearings as gamma ray attenuators. The bearings are mounted in a synthetic resinous sheet in an orthogonal pattern. The phantom can provide uniformity, resolution, linearity, distortion and field size checks, all with a single exposure.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Achievements in the field of sorption recovery of uranium from sea water are considered in brief. Polyacryl amidoxime chelate iorites are shown to exceed in sorption properties both titanium dioxide base natural adsorbents and styrene base synthetic resins. Merits of sorbents containing fixed layer of humic acid are pointed out, different methods of their application are considered. The cost of uranium recovery from sea water using different sorbents is estimated.

Science.gov (United States)

The long-term durability of bonds between adhesive resins and dentin is of significant importance for the longevity of bonded restorations. We carried out an in vivo one-year study to evaluate the durability of resin-dentin bonds in the oral cavity, as well as to test the hypothesis that the adhesive interface would show morphological changes in vivo over time. Very shallow saucer-shaped dentin cavities were prepared in 12 intact teeth of one Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) under general anesthesia. The cavities were restored with Clearfil Liner Bond II and Clearfil Photo Posterior resin composite. The teeth were extracted at three different times: immediately, and 180 and 360 days after placement of the restorations. One day after the monkey was killed, specimens of the three time periods were subjected to the micro-tensile bond test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The surfaces of the failed bonds were observed under a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A radiochemical method of separation of {sup 203}Hg from {sup 181}Hf is described. The method involves separation by Dowex 50W- X 8, 100-200 mesh, cation exchange resin using 1 M hydrochloric acid as the eluant. The chemical yield for the separation of mercury is > 85% and the decontamination factor is >10{sup 4}. The {sup 181}Hf can be eluted from the column by 4 M HCl.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proton and neutron transfer populating low-lying states have been studied in the system {sup 144}Sm+{sup 88}Sr at an energy below the Coulomb barrier. The experimental cross sections for the single proton transfer are well reproduced by DWBA-calculations using spectroscopic information from light ion reactions. The two-proton transfer appears enhanced relative to the uncorrelated sequential transfer of single protons. The same holds for the transfer of proton pairs, the enhancement is kept for the second pair. This is interpreted as a supercurrent between two superfluid nuclear proton-pair wave functions: More mass and charge is transported per time unit in pairs than by single nucleons. Neutron transfer is observed with large cross sections and is found to contribute to the energy loss observed in the transfer reactions. For mixed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method of augmenting heat transfer in the interior of a fluid or from the interface of a solid in contact to a fluid by utilizing electro hydrodynamic (EHD) phenomena has the following advantages: the heat transfer can be effected by using a relatively small, light-weight high voltage source and some simple structural members; no vibration and noise are generated; the method has a control function to control heat transfer by adjustment of field and voltage; and this method is effective in cost-saving. It is mass transfer by the electric force caused by interaction between true charges or polarized charges in a fluid and external electric filed that plays an important role in most of such heat transfer augmentation methods by EHD. Examples of heat transfer augmentation by EHD phenomena include electricaly induced convection, contribution of EHD effect to heat ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... females in vitro intestines lead 203 mucous membranes radionuclide kinetics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... administrative procedures developing countries economic development nuclear

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper deals with construction types of high temperature heat exchangers, their circulation loops and temperature differences. Most attention is given to gas dynamics, convective heat transfer, convection and radiant heat transfer interaction in high temperature heat exchangers. The ways of heat transfer augmentation and efficient heat exchanger construction are discussed.

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental investigation was carried out for friction factor and heat transfer coefficient in the case of a rotating tube with a twisted-tape insert for heat transfer augmentation. The data obtained were compared with existing data for a stationary tube with a twisted-tape insert. It has been observed that the enhancement in heat transfer offsets the rise in friction factor due to rotation, with respect to a plain tube under stationary conditions. A correlation has been proposed for the data obtained.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, numerical simulation of a concentric tube heat exchanger is presented to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in a smooth tube. Increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient can increase heat transfer rate in a concentric tube heat exchanger from a given tubular surface area. This can be achieved by using heat transfer augmentation devices. This work constitutes the initial phase of the numerical simulation of heat transfer from tubes employing augmentation devices, such as twisted tapes, wire-coil inserts, for heat transfer enhancement. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tool was developed with CFX software and the results obtained from the simulations are validated with the empirical correlations for a smooth tube heat exchanger. The difficulties associated with the simulation of a heat ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This experiment investigated the effects of free-stream turbulence intensity, length scale, Reynolds number, and leading-edge velocity gradient on stagnation-region heat transfer. Heat transfer was measured in the stagnation region of four models with elliptical leading edges downstream of five turbulence-generating grids. Stagnation-region heat transfer augmentation increased with decreasing length scale but an optimum scale was not found. A correlation was developed that fit heat transfer data for isotropic turbulence to within #+-#4 percent but did not predict data for anisotropic turbulence. Stagnation heat transfer augmentation caused by turbulence was unaffected by the velocity gradient. The data of other researchers compared well with the correlation. A method of predicting heat transfer downstream of the stagnation point was developed. 28 refs., 12 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This investigation concerns the nonlinear dynamics of heat transfer from a surface using an upstream eddy promoter. A numerical model is developed for the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer process based on a modified MacCormack scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the response and heat transfer enhancement due to the promoter. The average heat transfer from a cavity floor is seen to be increased by a factor of approximately five over the unpromoted'' flow. Another interesting feature of the study is the nonlinear viscous flow dynamics from the cylinder-wall interaction which differ significantly from the familiar cylinder-free stream patterns.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat transfer augmentation in a rib-roughened duct is affected by the rib configurations, such as rib height, angle of attack, shape, rib to rib pitch, and aspect ratio of a duct. These have been the main subjects in studying the average heat transfer and the friction loss of the fully developed flow. Investigating distributions of local heat transfer coefficients and flow patterns in a duct with the rib turbulators is necessary to find the characteristics of heat transfer augmentation and to decide the optimal configurations of ribs. In the present study the numerical analyses and the mass transfer experiments are performed to understand the flow through a rib roughened duct and the heat transfer characteristics with various angles of attack of ribs. A pair of counter-rotating secondary flow in a duct has a main effect on the lateral distributions of local mass ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors discuss a two-phase two-component experimental system developed to study enhancement of heat transfer from a vertical chip size heater to surrounding liquid (Freon 113 or Ethanol) due to air jet impingement. Heat transfer coefficient was measured as function of jet velocity, heat flux and the distance between exit of jet tube and heated surface. The injector was placed very close to the hot surface. It was found that the heat transfer was notably enhanced with foreign gas impingement, especially in the cases of small temperature differences between wall and coolant. In fact for higher jet velocities the heat transfer coefficients tended to infinite while the temperature differences between wall and coolant were zero. The heat transfer coefficients decreased with the increasing of heat flux. High-speed camera was used to study the behaviour of the gas bubbles which play ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat fusion is the most common joining method for polyethylene gas distribution piping. Butt fusion was studied with the intent of relating the quality of the joint to the joining conditions. A semi-empirical approach was used. The thermofluid consequences of joining conditions such as heater temperature, heating time and joining parameter were calculated using a computer model. The model was validated by instrumented tests. The strength of the joints was gauged by destructive mechanical testing. Tensile and tensile impact tests were used. Over 150 joints were fabricated using four different polyethylene resins. Most of the data are given in GRI Report No. 88/0276.2 -- Volume 2: Technical Reference on Butt Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Gas Pipes. A parameter, termed the Joining Parameter, was found to characterize the joining conditions. Of the mechanical tests parameters, the impact energy was found to have the best correlation with the joining parameter. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boron carbide is a high-technological ceramic material (it is used for lightweight armor, neutron absorbers, wear pieces, etc.). Hot pressing (2200"0C, 40 MPa, Ar atmosphere) and recently high isostatic pressing, are the best know ways for industrial preparation of boron carbide items. Pressureless sintering using metallic, inorganic, B+C, additives is not successful, since, despite having a high density, impurities remain present. Pressureless sintering of boron carbide (or silicon carbide composite) using free carbon addition, produced by in-situ pyrolysis of a Novolaque-type phenol-formaldehyde resin (#approx =# 9 wt%), is now possible in industry. A promising new method is the use of organic precursors, e.g. polycarbosilane with a small amount of phenolic resin, giving CSi and C by in-situ pyrolysis; the resulting boron carbide ceramics have high density (> 92%) and contain no free carbon and a small amount of SiC (#approx =# 5 wt%). The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inexpensive activated carbon assembly(ACA) was prepared with glass fabrics coated by 10 wt%, 25 wt%, 50 wt% phenolic resin solution, followed by activation at 700{sup o} C under N{sub 2} atmosphere and subsequent surface modification with N{sub 2}, NH{sub 3}, CO{sub 2} gas, respectively. The conversion chemistry of resin to carbon was analyzed by using FT-IR, TGA, SEM, XPS, and the SO{sub 2} adsorption characteristics of the ACA were compared to that of commercial activated carbon fabrics(ACF). The ACA modified by NH{sub 3} showed the best SO{sub 2} adsorption behavior due to the presence of basic functional groups such as amine on the surface, confirmed by XPS. The ACA modified by NH{sub 3} displayed relatively high adsorption capacity of 116.5 mg/g carbon, which is corresponding to 75% adsorption of the commercial ACF(153.4 mg/g) treated with the same method. 14 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of atmospheric pressure on tracking resistance of organic insulating materials were investigated in the range of 500 to 1007 hPa. The tracking resistance for Polycarbonate (PC), Modified Polyphenylene Oxide (M-PPO) and Paper Base Phenolic Resin Laminate (PL) increase with the decrease in atmospheric pressure. The scintillating discharges on these samples surface lead to the ignition. The tracking failure on these results from the ignition on the surface. For Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), the tracking resistance decrease with the decrease in atmospheric pressure. The discharges observed on the these surface are the glow-like. The discharge area spreads on the surface between the electrodes at the lower pressure. The failure on this group results from the carbonization by the discharges on the surface. However, the tracking resistance for Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UP) has no significant ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to gain a wider knowledge of corrosion phenomena in OFHC (oxygen free high conductivity) copper pipes of the stator cooling circuit of a power plant turboalternator, a research program was laid out which is based on the use of an experimental loop simulating real operating conditions as closely as possible. The samples examined were either copper foils or hollow conductors of the type that is normally used in the stator cooling system, and the circulating fluid was high purity water with controlled O/sub 2/, H/sub 2/ and C0/sub 2/ contents. Investigations were focused on the kinetics of O/sub 2/ removal through catalytic resins covered with metallic palladium (at different temperatures and pressures) and on the kinetics of CO/sub 2/ removal through mixed bed resins. Subsequently, attention was directed to the corrosion of copper (in the form of foils or hollow conductors) under different experimental conditions simulating either ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The interaction between a lower hybrid wave and a fusion alpha particle displaces the alpha particle simultaneously in space and energy. This results in coupled diffusion. Diffusion of alphas down the density gradient could lead to their transferring energy to the wave. This could, in turn, put energy into current drive. Here we calculate numerical solutions for the alpha energy transfer and study a range of conditions that are favourable for wave amplification from alpha energy. We find that it is possible for fusion alpha particles to transfer a large fraction of their energy to the lower hybrid wave. The numerical calculation shows that the net energy transfer is not sensitive to the value of the diffusion coefficient over a wide range of practical values. An extension of this idea, the use of a lossy boundary to enhance the energy transfer, is investigated. This technique is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heat-transfer augmentation by straight grid spacers in rod bundles is studied for single-phase flow and for post-critical heat flux dispersed flow. The heat transfer effect of swirling grid spacers in single-phase flow is also examined. Governing heat-transfer mechanisms are analyzed, and predictive formulations are established. For single-phase flow, the local heat transfer at a straight spacer and at its upstream or downstream locations are treated separately. The effect of local velocity increasing near swirling spacer is considered. For post critical heat flux (CHF) dispersed flow, the heat transfer by thermal radiation, fin cooling, and vapor convection near the spacer are calculated. The predictions are compared with experimental data with satisfactory agreement.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work was to study the energy transfer mechanisms from the ligand to the central lanthanide ion of tetracycline-europium (Tc-Eu) complex. The absorption spectra of a EuCl{sub 3}.H{sub 2}O solution was measured and absorption cross-section of Eu{sup 3+} was estimated. The observed overlap predicts a resonant energy transfer from Tetracycline to Eu{sup 3+}. The microscopic parameter of energy transfer was obtained using the overlap integral calculation considering a dipole-dipole energy transfer mechanism and results were compared considering an energy transfer by exchange. In this work, we report also the optical properties of Tc-Eu complex when urea hydrogen peroxide is added to the aqueous solution.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fundamental phenomena of condensation heat transfer at a steam-water interface have been studied related to the thermo-hydrodynamics of the emergency core cooling system for light water reactors. In this study temperature fluctuations near the interface and in the liquid phase were measured using fine thermocouples for a saturated steam-subcooled water co-current stratified two-phase flow in a nearly horizontal rectangular channel, and heat transfer coefficients were determined experimentally. The values of the condensation heat transfer coefficients in this experiment are from 6 to 40 kW/m"2K. In the regions of high Reynolds numbers, as the steam Reynolds numbers become larger, the average interfacial heat transfer coefficients tend to increase. The corelations of Nusselt numbers were obtained from the heat transfer data. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document reports the results of testing of spent ion exchange media pretreatment technologies. Emphasis of the testing activities has been on screening pretreatment technologies, such as drying and emulsification, which are compatible with vitrification, cementation, and incineration. Ion exchange media tested for cementation and incineration pretreatment technologies were typical organic ion exchange resins and inorganic zeolites. The ion exchange medium tested for vitrification pretreatment technologies was inorganic zeolite. The results of testing activities are discussed in detail in this report.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Separations of metal ions on the basis of Donnan dialysis across anion-exchange membranes should be possible if the receiver electrolyte composition favors the formation of selected anionic complexes of the sample metal ions. Moreover, such a separation has the possibility of being better suited from some applications than batch or column experiments with anion-exchange resins. The above hypothesis are tested on the platinum-group metal ions, Pt(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Ir(III), and Ir(IV). 13 references, 4 tables.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This year was spent in perfecting details of the new design blood irradiator, i.e., having male fittings made for shunt insertion and in acquiring preliminary biological data on its effectiveness. Fabrication of units was slowed by an unanticipated reaction of the resin with the steel injection mold, by occasional thrombogenic flaws in the blood interface layer, by thrombus formation at the points of connection to the shunt and by nonavailability of a reactor for activating the "1"6"9Tm to "1"7"0Tm. The remaining unsolved problem is that of thrombus formation at the connectors.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process is disclosed for the preparation of liquid, storage-stable, polyisocyanate compositions containing a release agent formed in situ which compositions are useful, for example, as binder resins in the formation of particle boards which latter, because of the presence of the release agent, show no tendency to adhere to the face of metal platens used in their formation. The process comprises heating an organic polyisocyanate (polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate preferred) with an acid phosphate (e.g. a mixture of mono-and di-alkyl acid phosphates) under conditions controlled as to time and temperature so as to yield a product which is storage stable and shows no tendency to deposit solid or to separate into two liquid phases.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The use of finely powdered ion exchange resins improve loading of specific ion exchange materials with better performance but as such these materials are not suitable for column operation. However, by proper selection of ion exchange support medium, it is possible to get better product. The radioactive solution can be treated by suspending this material, stirring and allowing to settle. The present method gives DF in the range of 70 - 80 even after repeated use as compared to DF in the range of 5 to 10 by single conventional chemical treatment process. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the remote plugging of leaks in inaccessible pipework, with main reference to small leaks which frequently appear in ancillary cooling water circuits of nuclear reactors. Initially developed to cure problems of the pre-stressed concrete pressure vessels of UK reactors, the ZORIC sealant has been used to repair leaking biological shield pipework on six CANDU reactors. ZORIC is based on a water-soluble epoxy resin and an aqueous suspension of a refined mineral clay. This paper describes the evolution of the sealant, the qualification and testing program, and their application to CANDU reactor systems. 2 refs., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The chemistries of reactants, plasticizers, solvents and additives in an epoxy paint are discussed. Polyamide additives may play an important role in the absorption of molecular iodine by epoxy paints. It is recommended that the unsaturation of the polyamide additive in the epoxy cure be determined. Experimental studies of water absorption by epoxy resins are discussed. These studies show that absorption can disrupt hydrogen bonds among segments of the polymers and cause swelling of the polymer. The water absorption increases the diffusion coefficient of water within the polymer. Permanent damage to the polymer can result if water causes hydrolysis of ether linkages. Water desorption studies are recommended to ascertain how water absorption affects epoxy paint.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An apparatus was designed and built for the purpose of exposing samples of solid polymers to varying temperatures, atmospheres and stress levels while quantitatively recording the resulting chemiluminescence. Preliminary data were acquired with this apparatus that show a correlation between an enhanced chemiluminescence signal at a low level of applied stress and a decrease in tensile strength for the most commonly used epoxy resin in high performance fiber composites, TGMDA DDS. The studies with cellular silicone cushions (which are used to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction) have defined the temperature regimes in which accelerated aging tests are valid for extrapolation to ambient temperature. Preliminary data on Kevlar fibers is also discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The bituminzation of decontamination and ion exchange resin stripping wastes with four grades of asphalt was investigated to determine the effects of asphalt type on the properties of the final products. All waste forms deformed readily under light loads indicating they would flow if not restrained. It was observed in all cases that product leaching rates increased as the hardness of the asphalt used to treat the waste increased. If bituminization is adopted for any Ontario Hydro aqueous radioactive wastes they should be treated with soft asphalt to obtain optimum leaching resistance and mechanical stability during interim storage should be provided by a corrosion resistant container.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

When solidified products made from low-level radioactive waste with melting treatment are disposed of in near surface repositories, concentrations of the radionuclides contained in the waste package have to be evaluated. Americium-242m is one of the targeted nuclides. In this study, simple analytical methods to evaluate the activity of "2"4"2"mAm are studied. Americium, Cm and Eu in a sample solution made from simulated solidified product and tracer of "1"5"2Eu and "2"4"4Cm and unknown solution of "2"4"1"+"2"4"2"m"+"2"4"3Am were separated from matrix elements with TRU resin. The fraction containing Eu, Am and Cm was passed through pyridine resin to separate Am from Eu and Cm. The contamination factor of "2"4"4Cm/"2"4"1Am was less than 3.0x10"-"3. Curium-242 generated from "2"4"2Am was measured to evaluate the activity of "2"4"2"mAm. The fraction containing Eu, Am and Cm was also passed through TEVA resin to separate Am and ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Title : Technical, TO 31R2-2FRC181-31, F Publication Transfer Using: O'Neil & Associates' Data Supporting ESC/MSL's MILSTAR Program, MIL ...

Science.gov (United States)

Semiclassical analysis of heavy ion induced transfer reactions are discussed for the quasielastic region. Some unique aspects of these reactions are shown, the variety of features which can be understood semiclassically is demonstrated, and some open problems are indicated. 28 refs., 16 figs. (LEW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Subseabed Disposal Program has recently completed a 30-day, 0.286-scale laboratory simulation of an In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment (ISHTE), scheduled for eventual deployment in the deep ocean 600 nautical miles north of Hawaii. 10 figures.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Tetracycline-resistant Lactococcus lactis strains originally isolated from Polish raw milk were analyzed for the ability to transfer their antibiotic resistance genes in vitro, using...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

A compact heat exchanger pedestal array for augmenting heat transfer in a machine is disclosed. The compact heat exchanger pedestal array includes a wall having first and second surfaces. The first surface faces a heated flow path and the second surface p...

Science.gov (United States)

An experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics for various configurations of air jets impinging on the leading edge inner surface of a gas turbine blade wall is presented. Three configurations were investigated, namely a slot jet, a round ...

Science.gov (United States)

Scraped-surface heat transfer augmentation is proposed as a possible technique for use in improved air-cooling designs. Although it has been in common use with liquids, the technique has apparently never been used with gases. An experimental investigation...

Science.gov (United States)

On February 27, 1990, standards for Benzene were promulgated for benzene transfer and benzene waste operations. The benzene enabling document summarizes these standards. The basic purpose of the document is to assist the EPA regional enforcement personnel...

Science.gov (United States)

... TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures UCP Unified ... be sold or transferred to Pakistan, pursuant to ... substantial amounts of those funds being spent ...

Science.gov (United States)

The present study investigates the effect of the shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian fluids on the heat transfer enhancement in a pipe flow. The constant heat flux as thermal boundary condition was adopted in the thermally developed region. The present analytical results show the heat transfer enhancement over those of a shear rate-independent thermal conductivity fluid. The heat transfer coefficient ratio (h/h{sub 0}) linearly increase with the non-dimensional average velocity difference which is the product of the shear rate-dependence of the thermal conductivity and wall-shear rate.

Science.gov (United States)

... table (ASCAMP) system and the Military Strategic and Tactical Relay (Milstar) program. 10 ... Single Channel Antijam Milstar Portable Terminal ...

Science.gov (United States)

Seven papers were presented at the meeting. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper. (LCL)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... brakes lmfbr type reactors breeder reactors epithermal reactors fast reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MINEQL is a subroutine package to calculate equilibrium composition of an aqueous system, accounting for mass transfer.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comprehensive presentation is made of state-of-the-art configurations and design methodologies for heat transfer devices applicable to industrial processes, automotive systems, air conditioning/refrigeration, cryogenics, and petrochemicals refining. Attention is given to topics in heat exchanger mechanical design, single-phase convection processes, thermal design, two-phase exchanger thermal design, heat-transfer augmentation, and rheological effects. Computerized analysis and design methodologies are presented for the range of heat transfer systems, as well as advanced methods for optimization and performance projection.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Unsteady impinging jets are systematically controlled with respect to their time dependence in order to investigate the influence of unsteadiness on the heat transfer performance. This is achieved by a special mass flow control device, which allows almost arbitrary shapes of unsteadiness to be imposed onto the impinging jet. Three different standard signals (sinusoidal, triangular, rectangular) and two specially designed signals are applied and their influence on heat transfer is determined in terms of an enhancement factor. Heat transfer augmentation up to 30% was found and could be physically explained with the help of PIV and hot-wire measurements of the flow field.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation on heat transfer and fluid friction characteristics of a class of spiral spring coil used as a tube side forced convection heat transfer augmentation devices. Based on a lot of experimental data, the heat transfer correlation and fluid friction correlation revised by temperature were reached in terms of linear regression. At the same time, proper criteria were used to evaluate the economic performance of the spiral spring inserted tube according to the demand of practical application and some probing analysis were made.

Science.gov (United States)

Topics covered include: Methods of Helium Injection and Removal for Heat Transfer Augmentation; The

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This book is organized under the following headings: Electrohydrodynamic heat transfer augmentation; Forced convection augmentation and heat transfer control; Turbulent heat transfer; Thermal problems in the environment; Energy conversion systems; Measurement, visualization, and imaging; Thermal problems in space technology; and Thermal properties.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to calculate the nucleon transfer part of the imaginary optical-model potential in colliding heavy ions. In the process of transfer of nucleons from one nucleus to the other, forward and backward neutrons and protons are treated separately by taking into consideration the effect of the Coulomb forces and the potential energy surfaces (driving forces). The Pauli exclusion principle is also incorporated properly in the calculation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The field trial of an unattended monitoring system for SF transfer verification ended in June 2005. The system is aiming to improve the safeguards measures applied during SF transfers and reduce inspection effort currently required by the Operator, NNCA and the IAEA. They were reviewed based on its technical performance and other issues in this paper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In our previous theoretical analyses, solubility-limited mass transfer from waste solids applies if a species is at a constant elemental concentration in liquid at the waste surface. For an element with isotopes that decay appreciably during the time of interest, a solubility boundary condition results in a time-dependent boundary concentration of each isotope. Here we present mass-transfer equations that include the effects of isotopic decay boundary conditions. 9 refs., 1 fig.

Science.gov (United States)

This paper presents a theoretical study of heat transfer from magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) dampers. A lumped system model is developed which is capable of predicting the temperature rise for any size MRF damper. As a case study example, finned and unfinned dampers are compared for automotive-size MRF dampers. The results demonstrate that heat transfer from these devices can be enhanced considerably with the use of fins.

Science.gov (United States)

Analytical solutions are derived for a flow in a semi-infinite vertical porous medium with heat and mass transfer. When the temperature and mass concentration are uniform a constant pressure is possible and sustains a fully developed flow. Thereafter there is a small perturbation on the wall temperature and concentration and the subsequent two-dimensional problem is tackled for a large Prandtl number, free convection parameters and small Reynolds number. The heat transfer rate at the wall is discussed quantitatively.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report focuses on a better understanding of the physical phenomenon related to the enhancement of boiling and non-boiling heat transfer by applying ultrasonic waves. Experimental results obtained both in a pool of water and in a vertically upward water flow proved clearly that macroscopic acoustic stream induced by ultrasonics is a major contribution to heat transfer augmentation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Granted patents are an important source of information on the potential commercialization of augmented heat transfer technology. This report presents a bibliography of US patents pertinent to that technology. The total number of patents cited is 321. They are presented in three separate lists: by patent number, alphabetically by first inventor, and by augmentation techniques (with secondary arrangement according to mode of heat transfer).

Science.gov (United States)

The present study numerically investigates the enhancement of forced convective heat transfer from a single circular cylinder embedded in a packed bed of spherical particles confined by two impermeable parallel plates. The heat transfer results from the heated cylinder, with and without the presence of a porous medium, are compared. The results show that the presence of the porous particles enhances the heat transfer from the cylinder; however, the significant heat transfer augmentation is produced at high Re due to the effect of thermal dispersion. In addition, the effect of Re on Nut is much greater than that of kr and Bi in the porous channel. It is also found that the %?p is much higher than %HTE producing from packing the empty channel.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mass transfer to a wall of a horizontal rectangular channel reactor was investigated by the limiting current technique for Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 32000. Overall mass transfer coefficients at various mass transfer surface angles were obtained while the reactor was operated under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Dimensionless correlations were developed for isothermal flows from 25 to 55{sup o}C and for non-isothermal flows with applied temperature differences up to 30{sup o}C. In the laminar flow range natural convection dominated, but under turbulent conditions combined natural and forced convection prevailed. Mass transfer was approximately doubled under optimum selection of channel surface rotation, temperature gradient and flow rate. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the heat transfer augmentation and the flow situation around a single spacer (a cylindrical rod) on the heated surface of a parallel plate duct in order to examine basically the effects of the spacer in the fuel elements of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor. The ends of the cylindrical rod contact the upper and lower planes. A thermosensitive liquid crystal film is used to indicate the effective area for the heat transfer. The mean Nusselt number, which is estimated within the optional distance from the spacer to the downstream direction, peaks at a dimensionless distance of X/D = 1-3, and after that decreases gradually with the flow direction. The manner in which heat transfer corresponds to the flow situation is also examined. The horseshoe vortex, produced around the spacer, affects the wake and contributes to the increase of the local heat transfer. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The behavior of proton transfer facilitated by a novel thiazole derivative, N-methyl-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (MPPT), across the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface was investigated electrochemically. The ionic partition diagram for MPPT was obtained from interpretation of the cyclic voltammograms. The apparent partition coefficient of MPPT was evaluated by the shaking-flask method under experimental conditions, while that for the protonated form of MPPT was calculated from its transfer potential obtained from the ionic partition diagram. It was suggested that the mechanism for transfer of MPPT across the water/1,2-DCE) interface depends on the pH of the aqueous phase. The parameters of the facilitated proton transfer across the water/1,2-DCE interface were evaluated as ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In order to reduce the size and cost of heat exchangers, an air-side wavy fin-and-tube heat transfer surface with three-row tubes needs to be replaced by two-row tubes with some appropriate enhancing techniques. The major purpose of the present paper is to search for such new structure by numerical simulation. First, longitudinal vortex generators of Delta-winglet type are tried. The influence of number and of arrangement of the winglets on the performance of the heat transfer surface is studied in detail. The numerical results show that the fin with two winglets aligned spanwise in the front and rear of each tube (Fin W6) has higher heat transfer capability than other enhanced structures with vortex generators, but it still unable to meet the heat transfer requirement. Then a combination ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

(Boiling site densities and heat-transfer coefficients have been measured for ethanol-water and ethanol-benzene mixtures at 1.01 bar for a heated vertical brass disk. A strong effect of composition on the boiling site density was observed, which was attributed to the nature of the activation of the boiling surface and mass diffusion effects. The boiling heat-transfer coefficient was found to decrease with increasin subcooling, but for the mixtures at a given level of subcooling the decrease was less than that for the single components and azeotropic mixtures.) The heat-transfer coefficient at a given heat flux was seen to be quite insensitive to the very large increase in boiling site density in comparing the pure water and the ethanol-water azeotrope results, leading one to question pool boiling models that predict heat-transfer rates on the basis of boiling site density.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the heat transfer augmentation and flow situation around a single spacer (a circular cylinder) on a heated surface in a parallel plate duct in order to examine basically the effects of the spacer in the fuel elements of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor. A thermosensitive liquid crystal film was used to clarify the effective region of the heat transfer. The mean Nusselt number, which was estimated within arbitrary distance from the spacer to the downstream direction, took a peak at the dimensionless distance X/D = 1 #approx# 3, and after that decreased gradually with flow direction. How heat transfer corresponds to the flow situation is also examined. The horseshoe vortex, produced around the spacer, affects the wake and contributes to the increase of the local heat transfer. (author).

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The heavy chain (HC) subunits of the bikunin proteins are covalently attached to a single chondroitin sulfate (CS) chain originating from bikunin and can be transferred to different hyaluronan (HA) molecules by TSG-6/HC2. In the present study, we demonstrate that HCs transferred to HA may function as HC donors in subsequent transfer reactions, and we show that the CS of bikunin may serve as an HC acceptor, analogous to HA. Our data suggest that TSG-6/HC2 link HCs randomly on the CS chain of bikunin, in contrast to the ordered attachment observed during the biosynthesis. Moreover, the results show that the transfer activity is indifferent to the new HC position, and the relocated HCs are thus prone to further TSG-6/HC2-induced transfer reactions. The data suggest that HCs may be transferred directly from HA to HA without the involvement of the bikunin CS chain. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-performance heat transfer augmentation methods applicable in the forced convection field of heat exchangers include a method which requires no external drive means, such as the insertion of a turbulence augmentation object into the flow passage and the use of a wave-shaped flow passage, but disturbs the main stream of flow to raise the heat transportation effect thereby to augment heat transfer in the flow passage. The heat transfer characteristics and thermal performance ratio achieved when sinusoidal-shape plates are inserted instead of augmentation objects, such as cylinders, with a high shape-induced resistance were studied. As a result, the relationship between the resistance coefficient, average Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, and pitch was clarified. It has been revealed that the use of eddies with a large gap flow and recirculation area should be considered in order to get a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The studies of forced jet augmentation of natural convection heat transfer are introduced. It investigates experimentally mixed convection and heat transfer augmentation by forced jets in a large rectangular enclosure with a vertical cooling surface. The experiment is designed to measure the key parameters governing the heat transfer augmentation by a forced jet, and to investigate the effects of geometric factors, including the jet diameter, jet injection orientation, interior structures, and enclosure aspect ratio, on conditions simulating those of actual passive containment cooling systems and scales approaching those of actual containment buildings or compartments. The tests that cover a variety of injection modes will contribute to reveal the nature of mixing and stratification phenomena under accident conditions to a new generation of inherently safe reactors. With similarity considerations on governing equations, the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

LEDF(Large Equipment Dismantling Facility) is the solid waste processing technology development facility that carries out high-volume reduction and low dosage processing. The high-volume reduction processing of the high dose {alpha}-waste configured with combustible waste, pvc and rubber, spent ion exchange resin, and noncombustible waste have been planned the incinerating and melting facility using the in-can type high frequency induction heating in LEDF. This test is intended to clarify the design data. It was confirmed that the incinerating and melting performance, molten solid properties and exhaust gas processing performance with pilot testing equipment and bench scale equipment. The result of this test are as follows. 1. Processing speed is 6.7 kg/h for the combustible waste, 13.0 kg/h for the ion exchange resin, and 30.0 kg/h for the noncombustible waste. For above optimum processing conditions are as follows. Operating temperature is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The extraction of rare earth elements, yttrium and aluminium from red mud resulting from alumina production with the ion-exchange resin KU-2-8n was studied. Experimental results are presented. The technology of hydrometallurgical processing of pulps obtained by sorption extraction of scandium from red mud is developed. It is shown that in the process of precipitation from sulfate sulfuric acid desorbate it became possible to obtain a high degree of rare earths deposition. The use of sodium hydroxide makes it possible to obtain a maximum deposition of rare earths and aluminium - 99.9 %. Aluminium leaching from crude composite concentrate gives a possibility to get concentrates which 15 - 20 times richer in yttrium and rare earths

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A procedure was developed for separating rubidium from irradiated aluminum encapsulated uranium. The separations procedure produces a final ultra-high purity RbCl product for subsequent high performance mass spectrometric analysis. The procedure involves first removing most of the macro-components and fission products by strong base anion exchange using, first, concentrated HCl, then oxalic acid media and second, selectively separating rubidium from alkaline-earth ions and other alkali-metal ions, including cesium, using Bio-Rex-40 cation-exchange resin. The resultant RbCl is then put through a final vacuum sublimation step. Ultra-pure reagents and specially clean glassware are used throughout the procedure to minimize contamination by naturally-occurring rubidium.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The small pilot facility of a cyclone type suspension incineration system of radioactive waste was set up in order to evaluate the decontamination efficiency of a high efficiency ceramic filter. The evaluation was made by use of /sup 54/Mn, /sup 59/Fe, /sup 60/Co, /sup 65/Zn and /sup 137/Cs. 1. The decontamination factor by one line of ceramic filter for every species were over 10/sup 5/. 2. The decontamination factor increased by one oder when water vapor exists in off-gas. The same tendency was also observed when iron dioxide existed at the incineration of cation exchange resin.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Optimum processing parameters were searched for the pilot-scale production of wood-polyester composites by irradiation of resin-impregnated wood material. The radiation initiation of the following systems were examined in wood and without wood matrix: methyl methacrylate, mixture of styrene and acrylonitryle, and their combination with unsaturated polyester. In the most cases the over-all rate of the complete polymerization process in wood matrix is proportional to the square root of the initiation rate. The parameters of the radiation technology of wood-polyester composites have been determined, using 260 TBq (7 kCi) "6"0Co radiation source. A pilot plant has been constructed using an underwater irradiation system of 1.85 PBq (50 kCi) "6"0Co. The successful production rate of 200 kg wood-polyester composite per day, as well as the application tests have demonstrated the technical feasibility of this new structural material. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a method of reducing the hydrogen sulfide level in streams containing hydrogen sulfide at concentrations from about 2 ppm up to about 1,000 ppm. It comprises reacting the hydrogen sulfide with an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of an acidic solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of polymeric sulfonic acid resins, solid polyphosphoric acid, supported sulfuric acid, supported boric acid, silica-aluminas, clays, faujasite, mordenite, and L, omega, X or Y zeolites at mercaptan-forming concentrations, and recovering a stream having a reduced hydrogen sulfide concentration and containing no more than 5 ppm hydrogen sulfide.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plants cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control. 65 references.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tests using reconstituted samples have been performed to assess the diffusive transport of 137Cs and 60Co through natural regolith materials from a region in South Australia being considered for a radioactive waste repository. A double diffusion cell apparatus made of polycarbonate resin was developed to estimate the effective diffusion (De) and sorption coefficients (Kd) that allowed large withdrawals from the source and collector cells and has enabled tests with low concentrations of radioactivity. An alternative to porous stainless steel filter plates has also been used to reduce uncertainty in test interpretation. Analysis of the transient data used a staged method of the Laplace transform to take into consideration the volume of the samples withdrawn from the apparatus during testing....

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The losses of Hg from phenol formaldehyde resin - bound standards and hair samples in neutron activation analysis in case of their irradiation in the water filled nuclear reactor channel is studied. The mean losses of Hg during 20-30 hrs irradiation at (2-3)x10"1"8 n/cm"2 are 15-20% with their stopping at double Al-covers. The mean losses of Hg from standards at 200, 250 and 300 deg C are 30, 61 and 86% respectively and do not occur at 150 deg C after their 5 hour heating. The losses of Hg from hair samples packed in polyethylene tubes through the package walls in experimental conditions are not observed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro behaviour of all-ceramic zirconia molar crowns in regard to different core designs and marginal fit. Methods: Identically shaped methacrylate molars were prepared according to the ceramic restoration directives resulting in a 1-mm deep circular shoulder preparation. They were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate resin after covering their roots with a polyether layer to simulate periodontal mobility. The crown cores were made of yttria-stabilized zirconia veneered with a corresponding veneering ceramic. The crowns were divided into 5 groups (n=8) which differed in core design and cement gap thickness: #1: simple core, 40mm cement; #2: core with minimal occlusal support, 40mm cement; #3: core with optimized cusp support, 40mm ceme...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Statement of problem Although the esthetic outcome of a collarless metal ceramic restoration is superior to that of a restoration with a metal margin, its mechanical strength has not been evaluated. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of metal ceramic restorations with metal margins to that of metal ceramic restorations with circumferential porcelain margins, after exposure to masticatory simulation. Material and methods Twenty-four metal ceramic restorations were fabricated and paired with 24 cobalt-chrome tooth analogs. Twelve of the specimens had metal margins, while the remainder had circumferential porcelain margins. The restorations were cemented on the metal tooth analogs with a resin-modified glass ionomer luting agent (FujiCEM). Al...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate the in-vitro fluoride release from a glass ionomer orthodontic bonding system (Fuji I, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) over a 2-month period and the in-vivo enamel fluoride uptake after 6 months. Methods Ten metal brackets were bonded with either glass ionomer or composite resin (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif; Light Cure), which served as controls, to recently extracted molars. The bonded teeth, cut at the level of their roots, were stored in distilled water that was renewed after every fluoride measurement at 1, 3, 7, 30, and 60 days. The in-vitro fluoride release was measured by using a fluoride ion-selective electrode, connected to an ion analyzer. Fifteen pairs of premolars were bonded with metal brackets with either ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Lysis and extraction of cells are essential sample processing steps for investigations pertaining to metabolism of xenobiotics in cell culture studies. Of particular importance to these procedures are maintaining high lysis efficiency and analyte integrity as they influence the qualitative and quantitative distribution of drug and toxicant metabolites in the intra- and extracellular milieus. In this study we have compared the efficiency of different procedures viz. homogenization, sonication, bead beating, and molecular grinding resin treatment for disruption of HT-29 colon cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound and a suspected colon carcinogen. Also, we have evaluated the efficiency of various procedures for extracting BaP parent c...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The project is intended to yield information on the transfer factors describing the transfer of ingested radionuclides to breast milk for the following elements: antimony, cerium, chromium, cobalt, gallium, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, radium, ruthenium, silver, thorium, titanium, and uranium. Those yet unknown or poorly known transfer factors are required in order to be able to develop a reliable model for description and assessment of the transfer of the radionuclides and the possibly resulting hazardous doses to infants, and for subsequent formulation of recommendations for radiological protection of the population. (orig./CB) [German] Ziel des Projektes ist die Ermittlung von Transferfaktoren fuer den Uebergang von Radionukliden aus der Nahrung der Muetter in die Muttermilch fuer die Elemente Antimon, Cer, Chrom, Cobalt, Gallium, Lanthan, Molybdaen, Niob, Radium, Ruthenium, Silber, Thorium, Titan ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are 4 CANDU reactors at Wolsung site together with a spent fuel dry storage associated with unit 1. These CANDU reactors, classified as On-Load Reactor (OLR) for Safeguards application, change 16- 24 fuel bundles with fresh fuel in everyday. Especially, the spent fuel bundles are transferred from spent fuel bays to dry storage throughout a year because of the insufficient capacity of spent fuel pond. Safeguards inspectors verify the spent fuel transfer to meet safeguards purposes according to the safeguards criteria by means of inspector's presence during the transfer campaign. For the verification, 60-80 person-days of inspection (PDIs) are needed during approximately 3 months for each unit. In order to reduce the inspection effort and operators' burden, an Unattended Monitoring System (UMS) was designed and developed by the IAEA for the verification of spent fuel bundles ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The transfer kinetics of the monosiaylated glycosphingolipid, GM_1, between different size phospholipid vesicles was measured using molecular sieve chromatography. At desired time intervals, small unilamellar donor vesicles were separated from large unilamellar acceptor vesicles by elution from a Sephacryl S-500 column ["3H]-GM_1 net transfer was calculated relative to ["1"4C]-cholesteryl oleate, which served as a nontransferable marker in the donor vesicles. The initial GM_1 transfer rate between 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles at 45"0C deviated slightly from first order kinetics and possessed a half time of 3.6 days. This transfer half time is an order of magnitude shorter than that observed from the desiaylated derivative of GM_1. The transfer kinetics are consistent with the authors recent electron microscopic results suggesting a molecular distribution of GM_1 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) which is a 330 MWt advanced integral PWR was developed by the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Institute) for electricity generation and seawater desalination. A thermal hydraulic evaluation and analysis of the SMART is performed by the TASS /SMR-S (Transient And Setpoint Simulation/System integrated Modular Reactor-Safety). The TASS/SMR-S code has various models reflecting the design features of the SMART such as the drift flux model, the core models (core power and core heat transfer model), the component models, and the specific models. One of the core models is the core heat transfer model. The role of this model is to calculate the heat flux and radial temperature profiles at a fuel rod surface using the relevant heat transfer correlations for all of the heat transfer modes. Also it is modeled to meet the requirements of the 10 CFR 50 appendix K EM ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An impinging jet is a widely used technique for realizing high heat-transfer rates between a fluid and a surface. However, the area of enhanced heat transfer is limited to the neighborhood of the stagnation point. In this study, heat transfer is augmented remote from the stagnation point in an impinging plane jet system by a rod array located near the wall. Each square rod in the array was positioned normal to the flow direction and parallel to the flat plate surface. The distance between the nozzle and the flat plate (H) and the spacing between the rods and the flat plate surface (C) were changed to find the optimum values. The largest heat-transfer augmentation was obtained for C = 1 mm, H/B = 10, where the jet nozzle width is B. In this case, the heat-transfer coefficient averaged over an area 2B from the stagnation point is about 1.6 times greater compared to that without a rod ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heat transfer and flow characteristics of water boiling flow were experimentally investigated in narrow horizontal rectangular channels with the gaps of 0.6mm-2.03mm. The heat transfer of two-phase boiling flow was weakend in smaller gap. The two-phase friction pressure drop decreased with the gap size and the two-phase friction multipliers were smaller compared with those in normal channels. Correlations to predict te boiling heat transfer coefficients were obtained. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large amount of energy has been consumed so far in so called matured industries such as iron and steel, oil refinery, petrochemical, ceramic, paper and pulp manufacturing and so forth. A successive stimulation on the preceding industries has to be enhanced from a technological viewpoint in order to maintain a further development based on novel and innovative technologies. In this regard, energy technology has become and will be increasingly important in a high temperature system so that the basic concept for heat transfer augmentation methods by thermal radiation is reviewed briefly in accord with the recent developments together with theoretical background and the prominent features. The heat transfer augmentation related to thermal radiation is summarized.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper focuses on the design and modeling of the humidification dehumidification desalination (HDH) process. The process is only found on experimental or very small pilot scale. Literature studies are rather limited and it includes a number of experimental investigations, performance evaluation, and measurements of the heat and mass transfer coefficients. This study includes useful and new data on the evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient of the humid air stream in the condenser unit. The analysis develops a correlation for the heat transfer coefficient for the humid air stream as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Also, detailed evaluation of the system performance is presented as a function of the system temperatures and the inlet relative humidity of the air strea...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Analytical solutions are derived for a flow in a semi-infinite vertical porous medium with heat and mass transfer. When the temperature and mass concentration are uniform a constant pressure is possible and sustains a fully developed flow. Thereafter there is a small perturbation on the wall temperature and concentration and the subsequent two-dimensional problem is tackled for a large Prandtl number, free convection parameters and small Reynolds number. The heat transfer rate at the wall is discussed quantitatively. (author). 4 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A computer code ICRKFLO was used to simulate the multiphase reacting flow of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactors. The simulation provided a fundamental understanding of the hydrodynamics and heat transfer processes in an FCC riser reactor, critical to the development of a new high performance unit. The code was able to make predictions that are in good agreement with available pilot-scale test data. Computational results indicate that the heat transfer and droplet evaporation processes have a significant impact on the performance of a pilot-scale FCC unit. The impact could become even greater on scale-up units.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The energy spectra of few-nucleon transfer reactions obtained by bombarding a /sup 197/Au nucleus with the 341 MeV /sup 20/Ne beam of the Berkeley cyclotron have been analysed successfully in terms of direct surface transfer reactions populating the continuum states. At the grazing angle we are dealing with one-step processes; at forward angle two-step processes have to be taken into account.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Excitation transfer between the 3S[sub 1/2] states of the lithium isotopes [sup 6]Li and [sup 7]Li is measured in a thermionic diode. The 3S level is excited by off-resonant two-photon transitions with a single mode cw laser. The relative densities of the directly excited and collisionally populated levels are probed by further laser excitation to the 12P levels. An energy transfer cross section of 585 A[sup 2] [+-] 160 A[sup 2] is found at the experimental temperature of about 850 K. A simple semiclassical calculation yields a cross section of 450 A[sup 2]. (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The humidification?dehumidification process is an interesting technique that has been adapted for water desalination. Previous works experimentally investigated desalination processes in the shell and tube columns, where the humidification and dehumidification were thermally coupled and simultaneously performed at the tube and shell sides, respectively. In this work, a comprehensive steady-state mathematical model was developed for such a humidification?dehumidification desalination process by taking into account the heat and mass balances on both sides of the desalting column, the mass transfer rate at the humidification side, and the heat transfer rate between the dehumidification side and humidification side. Meanwhile, the mass transfer coefficient at the humidification side and the to...

Science.gov (United States)

If you are a FERS employee (the current retirement system), you lose your sick leave if you do not return to Federal service. If you separate from the Federal ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Transfer factors of "2"1"0Po from soil to parsley and mint have been determined. Artificial polonium isotope ("2"0"8Po) was used as a tracer to determine transfer factor of Po from soil to plant in pot experiments. Two plant growing systems were used for this study namely, an outdoor system and a sheltered system by a polyethylene tent. "2"0"8Po and "2"1"0Po were determined in soil and different parts of the studied plants (stem and leaf), using alpha spectroscopy. The results have shown that there was a clear uptake of "2"0"8Po by roots to leaves and stems of both plants. Higher values of transfer factors using the "2"1"0Po activity concentrations than the "2"0"8Po activity concentration were observed. Transfer factors of "2"1"0Po from soil to parsley varied between 20 x 10"-"2 and 50 x 10"-"2 and 22 x 10"-"3 and 67 x 10"-"3 in mint, while "2"0"8Po transfer factors varied between 4 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The experimental survey about the heat transfer between the working fluid and the combustion chamber wall with a direct injection diesel engine has shown the production of a soot layer with increasing loads on the combustion chamber wall. Because the combustion process of methanol occurs without the formation of wall deposits, the same engine spark ignitioned with methanol at the same conditions has shown a higher heat transfer coefficient. Because the heat losses do not only depend on the heat transfer coefficient but also on the driving temperature difference between the working fluid and the combustion chamber wall, the methanol engine with corresponding process management showed lower heat losses than the diesel engine at nearly the same load. (orig./HW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Based on the enhanced cooperation between Republic of Korea (ROK) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA installed new safeguards equipment (Unattended Monitoring System, UMS) at Wolsung unit 2 on January, 2005. The UMS was utilized in parallel with traditional human surveillance during the transfer campaign of Wolsung unit 2 (7 March - 22 July). Installation of UMS at all Wolsung units will be decided on the basis of the result of this test. The transfer campaign with UMS at Wolsung units 2 and 4 was started from September 1, 2006 at the same time. Implementation of UMS to the transfer campaign in Wolsung site will be considerably reduced the IAEA's inspection effort and burden of operator.

Science.gov (United States)

Page 1. - AERE-' R-7310 THIS DOCUMENT 15 INTENDED FOR PUBLICATION IN THE OPEN LITERATURE. ... Y Page 3. AERE R I 7318 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corrosion of steam generator heat transfer tubes (SGHTT) is one of the important problems which affect safety operation of nuclear power plants (NPP), and the hazard of pitting corrosion of heat transfer tubes is the most serious. With an acoustic emission device, the signals during a corrosion test on SGHTT were collected and analyzed, and the corrosion points in the tubes were located accurately. The results show that pitting corrosion of heat transfer tubes has passed through three periods in its development: expansion phase, stationary phase and rapid developing phase. The corrosion damage of HTT can be found earlier with acoustic emission than any other non-destructive testing methods. Acoustic emission can be used for on-line and real-time monitoring of the safety and operation of the steam generator and has therefore a great significance. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper describes the construction of PWR horizontal steam generator in Soviet Union, the water chemistry treatment for secondary side, the design of steam separator, the test of heat transfer characteristics and operation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a set of heuristics useful for optimal design of heat-exchange networks and integrated heat and power systems. These heuristics consolidate other approaches reported in the literature in a formalism useful for design purposes.

Science.gov (United States)

A waterjet coating-removal system was developed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., to remove thermal protective coatings from the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetic energy transferred to some elements by an electron of kinetic energy 100 to 400 kV is discussed. The displacement rates are compared to the signal generation. (DCL)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The efficiency of dendrosome (a gene porter) was assessed in transferring recombinant human rotavirus VP2 cDNA into A549, a human lung cell line. After gene transferring, transmission electron microscopy showed core-like particles (CLPs) formation in the transfected cells both with dendrosome and lipofectamine porters. In addition, western blotting analysis showed that the expression of VP2 gene was almost equal in the dendrosome and lipofectamine-transfected cells. Also, the cytotoxicity studies revealed that dendrosome had a lower cytotoxicity than lipofectamine. Therefore, our study may introduce dendrosome as a possible carrier for gene transferring into the human lung cell line, especially, for intranasally administration of DNA vaccines.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Means of intensifying heat transfer with nucleate boiling, based on boiling under constrained conditions (in slots, on a capillary-porous surface) are the most promising since a high intensity of heat transfer is ensured. In the present work we attempt to evolve the main assumptions for the physical model of the process of vapour formation under constrained conditions and to extend them to the boiling of cryogenic liquids on surfaces with a capillary-porous deposit; also, the results are given of experimental investigations of heat transfer with the boiling of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen at atmospheric perssures and below on capillary-porous surfaces of various metals of different structure produced by an electric arc method of gasothermal spray coating.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A numerical investigation for forced convection in a constant-temperature parallel plate channel with porous cavity and block alternately emplaced on the bottom plate is presented in this work. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model, which accounts for the effects of impermeable boundary and inertia, is used to characterize the flow field inside the porous region. Solutions of the coupled governing equations are carried out through the stream function-vorticity analysis. The characteristics of fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer have been obtained by the examinations of various governing parameters, such as the Reynolds number, Darcy number, inertial parameter, Prandtl number, and two geometric parameters. Several interesting phenomena such as the heat transfer augmentation in the channel were presented and discussed. The results of this investigation indicate that the size of recirculation caused by porous block will have a ...