Science.gov (United States)

... K. E. T,-us, "Clo:ei Chamber Burning Characteristics of Selected Liquid Monopropellants," 14th JANAP Combustion Meeting, CPIA Publication No. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method is described for controlling fuel injection in a diesel engine having a fuel injection nozzle, comprising the steps of: detecting an idling state of the diesel engine and pressure in a combustion chamber; obtaining a pressure increment rate from the pressure detected by the detecting step; selecting a valve opening pressure of the fuel injection nozzle at a relatively low level when the idling state is detected by the detecting step, thereby setting a two peaks characteristics of a fuel injection rate; and controlling the fuel injection nozzle in response to the pressure increment rate so that the pressure increment rate in the combustion chamber is maintained within a predetermined value by changing a fuel injection quantity of a pilot injection from the fuel injection nozzle.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract is widely used in dietary supplements for weight management and sports performance. Its primary protoalkaloid is p-synephrine....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This investigation involves a study of the influence of key processing parameters on the heating of materials using microwave energy. Selective and localized heating characteristics of microwaves will be utilized in the sintering of ceramics without hydrostatic pressure. In addition, combustion synthesis will be studied for the production of powders, carbides, and nitrides by combining two or more solids or a solid and a gas to form new materials. The insight gained from the interaction of microwaves with various materials will be utilized in the mobilization and subsequent redeposition of uranium.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book presents the basic ideas of the physics of non-gravitational perturbations and the mathematics required to compute their orbital effects. It conveys the relevance of the different problems that must be solved to achieve a given level of accuracy in orbit determination and in recovery of geophysically significant parameters. Selected Contents are: Orders of Magnitude of the Perturbing Forces, Tides and Apparent Forces, Tools from Celestial Mechanics, Solar Radiation Pressure-Direct Effects: Satellite-Solar Radiation Interaction, Long-Term Effects on Semi-Major Axis, Radiation Pressure-Indirect Effects: Earth-Reflected Radiation Pressure, Anisotropic Thermal Emission, Drag: Orbital Perturbations by a Drag-Like Force, and Charged Particle Drag.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A metal spray apparatus is provided with a supersonic nozzle. Molten metal is injected into a gas stream flowing through the nozzle under pressure. By varying the pressure of the injected metal, the droplet can be made in various selected sizes with each selected size having a high degree of size uniformity. A unique one piece graphite heater provides easily controlled uniformity of temperature in the nozzle and an attached tundish which holds the pressurized molten metal. A unique U-shaped gas heater provides extremely hot inlet gas temperatures to the nozzle. A particularly useful application of the spray apparatus is coating of threads of a fastener with a shape memory alloy. This permits a fastener to be easily inserted and removed but provides for a secure locking of the fastener in high temperature environments.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 170 million people worldwide. Acute HCV infection is often asymptomatic, but many infected individuals develop persistent infections that may lead to development of end-stage liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, an HCV vaccine that could significantly lower the chronicity rate would have a major impact on the disease burden. Unfortunately, HCV is a highly mutable virus, and escape mutations can undermine vaccine-induced virus-specific immunity. Also, HCV exists as multiple genotypes, and so genotype-specific vaccines might be required to achieve broad protection. Finally, vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of a small animal model and cell culture systems, but these are currently being established. Despite these obstacles, several vaccine candidates tested in the chimpanzee HCV model have shown some encouraging results.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A low pressure nuclear thermal rocket (LPNTR) is configured to meet the requirements of a nuclear stage for manned Mars exploration. Safety, reliability and performance are given equal consideration in selecting the stage configuration. Preliminary trade studies are conducted to size the engine thrust and determine the thrust chamber pressure. A weight breakdown and mechanical configuration for the selected LPNTR concept are defined. A seven engine stage configuration is selected which gives a two engine out capability and eliminates the need for engine gimbaling. The stage can be ground assembled and launched as a unit including tankage for trans Earth injection and Earth orbital capture. The tankage is configured to eliminate the need for an inert shield. The small engine will be cheaper to develop than a single engine providing full thrust, and will be compatible with stages for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

High-pressure waterjet equipment is now technically and economically viable and commercially available for the following mining and construction applications: (1) drilling soft to medium-hard rock; (2) slotting, discing, chambering, and reaming in all types of rock. However, additional field experience is needed to prepare detailed economic evaluations. Extensive development of new explosives techniques and blasting methods will be required to take full advantage of the unique waterjet hole slotting, discing, and chambering capabilities.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a method of hydraulically mining a surface of a mining location comprising: a. determining the dimensions of the surface of the mining location from a fixed point at the location; b. constructing at a second location remote from the mining location a visual representation of the surface form the determined dimensions of the mining location with respect to the fixed point; c. jetting water under high pressure against a selected area on the surface of the mining location; d. determining changes in the dimensions of the selected area of the surface of the mining location; e. reconstructing at the second location a new visual representation of the surface from the determined changes of the location during the jetting of the water; and f. redirecting the jetted water under high pressure utilizing data from the reconstructed visual representation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) is a very useful technique for recovering bioactive molecules from natural materials using subcritical compressed liquid water in the temperature range of 50-150degreeC. A novel process has been developed for making a natural sweetener from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots involving selective chemical reaction and easy separation, for recovering mono-ammonium glycyrrhizate (MAG) using hot water with dissolved ammonia and pressurized with carbon dioxide. The performance of the novel PHWE process has been evaluated to ascertain the optimum process parameters to maximize the recovery of MAG by varying the parameters, such as temperature (30-120degreeC), pressure (1-10atm), extraction time (60-120min), water-to-feed ratio (20-40ml/g), number of stages...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process is described for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in about 90% or greater yield with a minimum of nitrogen or dinitrogen oxide (N/sub 2/O) as by-products, comprising: (1) contacting gaseous ammonia in an oxygen containing gas optionally with an inert gaseous diluent with a mixed metal perovskite catalyst of the general formula: ABO/sub 3/, wherein: A is selected from the alkali, alkaline earth, lanthanide, or actinide metals or a mixture of these metals having a relatively large ionic, radius, and B is selected from an element or a combination of elements selected from Groups IB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, or VIII of the Periodic Table, wherein the perovskite phase of the catalyst has an equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen at 1000/sup 0/C of greater than about 10/sup -15/ bar; and (2) heating the reactants of step (1) at greater than about 500/sup 0/C under ...

Science.gov (United States)

Because hydrogenation of coal to liquid products (oils) is accompanied by distributions of complex by-product mixtures (IOM, preasphaltenes, asphaltenes and gases) which change as a function of reaction variables (time, temperature and pressure) and reactor configuration, the determination of selectivity relationships for coal liquefaction catalysts has been a difficult and time-consuming task involving numerous experiments to adequately describe catalyst performance over a range of conditions. This paper describes a method for analyzing the experimental results of coal liquefaction reactions which may be applied to a number of aspects of coal liquefaction research and process control, including: rapid selectivity and performance screening for catalysts; correlation of laboratory results with process parameters; and optimization of product yield for plant process conditions. Catalyst selectivity and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study presents a rapid and selective method for the recovery of lanthanides and yttrium, existing in economically interesting concentrations, from red mud, the byproduct of the alumina production. The leaching process is based on the extraction of these elements with diluted nitric acid from red mud under moderate conditions and without using any preliminary treatment. Several parameters such as leaching agents, contact time, temperature, pressure and solid to liquid ratio were investigated in order to achieve an optimum recovery. The process followed here was selected taking into account its efficiency for the selective recovery of yttrium and lanthanides, but also its suitability for the subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the leaching solution for the separation of the individual lanthanides. The achieved recovery percentages were for Y about 90%, for the investigated heavy lanthanides (Dy, ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Recent technological developments have facilitated intensified searches for genetic markers under selection in nonmodel species. Here, we present an approach for the identification of candidate gene variation in nonmodel organisms. We report on the characterization of 82 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and on the development of a specific genotyping assay for 30 SNPs in 18 candidate genes for growth and reproduction in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). These markers can be used for scanning natural populations for signatures of selection in both contemporary and archived historical samples, for example in retrospective studies assessing the effects of environmental changes, such as increasing temperatures, and selection imposed by high fishing pressure. Furthermore, these gene markers may be of interest to aquaculture, serving as a starting point for linking phenotypic traits important for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Various kinds of decontaminations are carried out in atomic power plant. Here current decontamination technologies such as chemical decontamination with chemical solution or blast decontamination have a problem of reduction of secondary radioactive waste generated in the decontamination process. On the other hand, a low pressure arc plasma can remove metal oxide film on the metal substrate without heavy damage on the metal substrate when the object to be treated was set as a cathode. Dry surface decontamination technology with using low-pressure arc plasma can decrease secondary radioactive waste because low-pressure arc plasma does not need any chemical solution. In addition, the time required for treatment can be shorter, so it is possible for the low-pressure arc plasma decontamination technology to interpolate the current decontamination technologies such as spot decontamination technology etc. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A Gross Decontamination Experiment was conducted on various levels and surfaces of the TMI - Unit 2 reactor building in March 1982. The polar crane, D-rings, missile shields, refueling canals, refueling bridges, equipment, and elevations 305' and 347'-6'' were flushed with low pressure water. Additionally, floor surfaces on elevation 305' and floor surfaces and major pieces of equipment on elevation 347'-6'' were sprayed with high pressure water. Selective surfaces were decontaminated with a mechanical scrubber and chemicals. Strippable coating was tested and evaluated on equipment and floor surfaces. The effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of several decontamination techniques were established for the large, complex decontamination effort. Various decontamination equipment was evaluated and its effectiveness was documented. Decontamination training and procedures were documented and evaluated, as were the support system ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study characterized selected commercial volume reduction technologies as to performance and associated costs. VR facility designs were developed for each of the reference VR technologies. Associated on-site storage requirements and cost were also determined. Eight VR technologies were selected for consideration: improved compactor; high pressure compactor (supercompactor); incinerator; fluid bed dryer and incinerator; evaporator crystallizer; evaporator extruder; mobile incinerator; and mobile thin-film evaporator. A representative facility design was developed for each VR technology and for several combinations of technologies. Thirteen separate cases are noted in the following table when retrofit and new facilities are considered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) study was conducted to assess the new design concept introduced to solve the issues on the flow deviation between SG cassettes and the supporting structure design of the flow distributing plate subjected to the flow induced vibration. Flow field from MCP to the bottom of SG was modeled for 2-dimensional(2D) CFD analysis and then sensitivity analysis on major design parameters was conducted using commercial CFD code, Fluent. The cases for detailed 3D analysis were selected based on the result of 2D analysis and the detailed 3-dimensional(3D) analysis was conducted for these selected cases using Fluent code. Flow field was modeled by RNG model and wall function, 2nd upwind scheme, porous model, structured or hybrid grid. The analysis result shows that the maximum deviation of flow distribution between SG cassettes was reduced upto about 0.1% and the pressure loss from the SG header to SG ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The oxidation of Cr(III) hydroxides, mixed Fe(III)-Cr(III) hydroxides, and specimens of spinel phases NiCr2O4 and Fe(Cr,Fe)2O4 have been investigated in alkaline suspensions under the action of air and pure oxygen (1-3 atm). The rate of reaction increases with increasing alkali concentration, temperature, and oxygen pressure. Pu(IV) fixed on chromium hydroxides is not oxidized by oxygen under these conditions but is retained in the precipitate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents a reassessment of the design of Resistive Cryogenic Cable Systems with regard to dielectric material selection, thermal insulation selection, conductor design, and refrigeration subsystem design. An algorithm using test data generated as part of the program and available from the literature was developed and used to assess the driving parameters for system cost analysis. The results of this cost sensitivity analysis are presented. An electric utility, Public Service Electric and Gas of New Jersey (PSE and G), performed an economic viability evaluation comparing two selected Resistive Cryogenic Cable Systems to a conventional cable system (high pressure oil-filled). The comparison was made for a 35-mile network application on the PSE and G transmission system scheduled to be placed in service in 1995. Consideration was given to equipment capital, installation, and operating costs. It ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This final report summarizes the results of our research under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC92112, Novel Catalysts for Methane Activation. In this research we prepared and tested fullerene soots for converting methane into higher hydrocarbons. We conducted the methane conversions using dehydrocoupling conditions, primarily in the temperature regimes of 600{degrees}-1000{degrees}C and atmospheric pressures. The research was divided into three sections. The first section focused on comparing fullerene soots with other forms of carbon such as acetylene black and Norit-A. We found that the fullerene soot was indeed more reactive than the other forms of carbon. However, due to its high reactivity, it was not selective. The second section focused on the effect of metals on the reactivity of the soots, including both transition metals and alkali metals. We found that potassium could enhance the selectivities of fullerene soot to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the electronic band structure of the semiconductor mineral iron pyrite FeS_2 have been investigated theoretically by an ab initio full-potential linearized-augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within a local approximation (LDA/GGA) to the density functional theory. The calculations predict that at a pressure of 94.1 GPa the indirect band gap of pyrite FeS_2 vanishes and the material becomes a metal. This is due to the presence of the S-S and Fe-S bonds, which provide novel energy band distortions in the process of attaining the metallic state. Analysis indicates that, under increasing high pressure, the conduction bands (3p_z of sulfur and 3d_x_"2_-_y_"2+3d_x_y of iron) intrude downwards into the valence bands, which are predominantly 3d in nature. At normal pressure, the lattice constant, the bulk modulus, sulfur position parameter u, S-S bond length, and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This fourteenth quarterly technical progress report of the MHD Integrated Topping Cycle Project presents the accomplishments during the period November 1, 1990 to January 31, 1991. Testing of the High Pressure Cooling Subsystem electrical isolator was completed. The PEEK material successfully passed the high temperature, high pressure duration tests (50 hours). The Combustion Subsystem drawings were CADAM released. The procurement process is in progress. An equipment specification and RFP were prepared for the new Low Pressure Cooling System (LPCS) and released for quotation. Work has been conducted on confirmation tests leading to final gas-side designs and studies to assist in channel fabrication.The final cathode gas-side design and the proposed gas-side designs of the anode and sidewall are presented. Anode confirmation tests and related analyses of anode wear mechanisms used in the selection of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this thesis is to study the behaviour of the simultaneous flow of oil and water in horizontal pipes. In this connection, two test facilities are used. Both facilities have horizontal test sections with inner pipe diameters equal to 2 inches. The largest facility, called the model oil facility, has reservoirs of 1 m{sub 3} of each medium enabling flow rates as high as 30 m{sub 3}/h, which corresponds to mixture velocities as high as 3.35 m/s. The flow rates of oil and water can be varied individually producing different flow patterns according to variations in mixture velocity and input water cut. Two main classes of flows are seen, stratified and dispersed. In this facility, the main focus has been on stratified flows. Pressure drops and local phase fractions are measured for a large number of flow conditions. Among the instruments used are differential pressure transmitters and a traversing gamma densitometer, respectively. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Very High Temperature gas cooled nuclear Reactor (VHTR), which was coupled with Sulfur-Iodine (SI) thermo-chemical cycle, has been selected for the Nuclear Hydrogen Development and Demonstration (NHDD) project in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. Among the various hydrogen production methods, Sulfur-Iodine (SI) thermo-chemical cycle is a good method as a massive hydrogen production without CO2 emission. In SI cycle, the sulfuric acid decomposition is one issue for the material corrosion on high temperature and pressure condition. For the simulation of the sulfuric acid decomposition, we designed a sulfuric acid loop with a small-scale gas loop which is simulated for the integrity and feasibility tests on a H2SO4 decomposition process. The primary objective of the loop is to validate the corrosion and the mechanical performances of a key component of the NHDD, Process Heat Exchanger (PHE). In this paper, we discussed the preliminary ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the past decades polymer membrane technology has been applied in various industries for a myriad of separation duties. They are also an important candidate for the solution of separation problems associated with the recovery of carbon dioxide in power plants. The application of membrane technology for carbon dioxide removal is discussed for two different ways of operation in present and future power plants. First, pressure driven operations are discussed, followed by a discussion of the use of membranes in absorbers. The pressure driven processes based on currently available gas separation membranes are shown to have poor separation characteristics. Further membrane development work appears to be necessary, especially in the area of temperature resistant membranes. Membrane selectivity goals are presented for present and future power plants. Membrane absorbers making use of commercially available absorption liquids ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This guide teaches the basic fundamentals of cavitation to provide the reader with an understanding of what causes cavitation, when it occurs, and the potential problems cavitation can cause to a valve and piping system. The document provides guidelines for understanding how to reduce the cavitation and/or select control valves for a cavitating system. The guide provides a method for predicting the cavitation intensity of control valves, and how the effect of cavitation on a system will vary with valve type, valve function, valve size, operating pressure, duration of operation and details of the piping installation. The guide defines six cavitation limits identifying cavitation intensities ranging from inception to the maximum intensity possible. The intensity of the cavitation at each limit Is described, including a brief discussion of how each level of cavitation influences the valve and system. Examples are included to demonstrate how to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results of analysis of selected data from the NRU test series dealing with heatup and reflood heat transfer during postulated PWR LOCA conditions. These tests used nuclear fuel rods and some considered clad ballooning and rupture. Also included was an electrically-heated rod ballooning test, REBEKA-6. The COBRA-TF computer program, renamed PYTHONS, was modified and used for the analytical tool. Modifications included provisions for fuel rod gas flow and pressure, creep deformation and rupture, channel blockage, and blockage heat transfer. Calculated clad temperatures for NRU unpressurized rods show quite good agreement with experimental data. The calculated amount and axial extent of clad ballooning for pressurized rods agrees reasonably well with post-test examinations of the NRU bundles. Time to failure was underpredicted in the MT-3 test as a result of the high strength of NRU clad material which ...

Science.gov (United States)

This double-blind, multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of nebivolol, a selective beta1-adrenoreceptor blocker with vasodilating effects, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure [SiDBP] > or =95 mm Hg and < or =109 mm Hg). A total of 909 patients were randomized to receive placebo or nebivolol 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg once daily for up to 84 days. The primary end point was the change in trough SiDBP from baseline to study end. Nebivolol significantly reduced trough SiDBP (8.0-11.2 mm Hg compared with 2.9 mm Hg with placebo; P<.001) and trough sitting systolic blood pressure (a 4.4-9.5-mm Hg decrease compared with a 2.2-mm Hg increase [corrected] with placebo; P< or =.002). The overall adverse event experience was similar in the nebivolol (46.1%) and placebo (40.7%) groups (P=.273). Once-daily nebivolol ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two-phase flow patterns and frictional pressure gradients in flow in small, rectangular channels are being studies as part of a larger research program addressing phase-change heat transfer of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures in plate-fin heat exchangers. Small rectangular flow channels were selected as representative of plain fin geometries. The particular channel reported herein has dimensions of 19.05 {times} 3.18 mm. Adiabatic flows of air/water mixtures, with the flow channel horizontal and the channel exit at near-atmospheric conditions, were utilized in the experiments. Analysis and interpretation of the pressure data relative to observed flow pattern transitions led to an objective method for determining the plug/bubble-to-slug flow transition. This method, together with visual observations, supplemented with photographic data, was used to develop a flow pattern man. A comparison of existing flow pattern ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The oxidative dehydrodimerization of propylene to C/sub 3/-dimers (1,5-hexadiene and benzene) has been examined at 600/sup 0/C and atmospheric pressure using a (Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/)/sub 0.85/(La/sub 2/O/sub 3/)/sub 0.15/ oxide ion-conducting catalyst in a reactor where a catalyst disk separates a feed of propylene in helium from air. The surface of the disk exposed to propylene was reoxidized not by gaseous O/sub 2/, but by the dissociative adsorption and reduction of dioxygen at the oxidant side of the disk, followed by oxide ion conduction to replace spent lattice oxygen. Selectivity to C/sub 3/-dimers when using lattice oxide migration to reoxidize the catalyst was considerably greater than when O/sub 2/ was added to the propylene feed under the same reaction conditions. This result supports the proposal that lattice oxygen is predominantly involved in the selective oxidation of propylene to C/sub 3/-dimers, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The five thermal-hydraulic concepts chosen for advanced PWR have been studied as follows: (1) Critical Heat Flux: Review of previous works, analysis of parametric trends, analysis of transient CHF characteristics, extension of the CHF date bank, survey and assessment of correlations, design of a intermediate-pressure CHF test loop have been performed. (2) Passive Cooling Concepts for Concrete Containment system: Review of condensation phenomena with noncondensable gases, selection of a promising concept (i.e., use of external condensers), design of test loop according to scaling laws have been accomplished. and computer programs based on the control-volume approach, and the conceptual design of test loop have been accomplished. (4) Fluidic Diode Concepts: Review of previous applications of the concept, analysis major parameters affecting the performance, development of a computational code, and conceptual investigation of the verification test ...

Science.gov (United States)

Oncospheres produced by a nonirradiated worm and oncospheres produced by a worm that had been subjected to high gamma radiation (successive generations of cysticercoids were irradiated with 15,000 r until a cumulative dose of 120,000 r was obtained) were compared. Radiation had no effect on the sizes of the embryos, the shell, and the median hooks. Radiation may have resulted in certain large, hookless embryos that did not occur in the normal worm. Two anomalies, reduced hook number and failure of growth, were more frequent in the normal than in the irradiated worm. This result, although surprising, can be explained by the high selection pressure operating under the experimental conditions. (auth)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Previous analyses of binary cycles for conversion of geothermal energy from moderate temperature resources to electrical energy have shown potential gains in net geofluid effectiveness of on the order of 8%, resulting from selection of turbine-expansion processes whose equilibrium states pass through the two-phase region (assuming major condensation does not occur). If condensation occurs, this gain could be reduced or eliminated by the resulting loss in turbine efficiency. Experience with many fluids, however, indicates that vapor supersaturation (or subcooling) permits metastable pure-vapor states to exist at temperatures considerably below the saturation temperature at a given pressure; thus, by better understanding the condensation process, and properly structuring the cycle, substantial performance gains may be achievable. The present study assessed, qualitatively, the probability for attaining this performance gain.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The detection of explosives is a notoriously difficult problem, especially at stand-off distances, due to their (generally) low vapor pressure, environmental and matrix interferences, and packaging. We are exploring optimal dynamic detection to exploit the best capabilities of recent advances in laser technology and recent discoveries in optimal shaping of laser pulses for control of molecular processes to significantly enhance the standoff detection of explosives. The core of the ODD-Ex technique is the introduction of optimally shaped laser pulses to simultaneously enhance sensitivity of explosives signatures while reducing the influence of noise and the signals from background interferents in the field (increase selectivity). These goals are being addressed by operating in an optimal nonlinear fashion, typically with a single shaped laser pulse inherently containing within it coherently locked control and probe sub-pulses. With sufficient ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Samples of vitamin D fortified orange juice obtained from retail food stores were analyzed for vitamin D3 content using a method developed by combining the best features of two AOAC methods. Detection by ultraviolet absorption at 265nm was compared to detection by selected ion monitoring (SIM) using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS). Furthermore, an ion trap (IT) mass spectrometer was employed in a 'dual parallel MS' arrangement to simultaneously obtain qualitative APCI-ITMS data. The method was applied to 33 samples of 3 national American orange juice brands and 7 samples of 5 other American brands collected using a statistically designed sampling plan as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program to provide values for the USDA National Nu...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results of an investigation into currently used methods for installation of underground high voltage power transmission cable, and offers recommendations for potentially improving these methods. Suggested enhancements cover the emplacement of both high pressure oil filled (HPOPT) pipe type and self contained oil filled (SCOF) cable systems. Cost comparisons of conventionally installed cable systems versus systems using proposed techniques and equipment are developed for a specific site selected for study. The report also documents the test results of laboratory experiments conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using interference fit pipe couplings in place of welded pipe joints. 10 refs., 31 figs., 15 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper examines cupric chloride solid conversion during hydrolysis in a thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle for hydrogen production. The hydrolysis reaction is a challenging step, in terms of the excess steam requirement and the decomposition of cupric chloride (CuCl_2) into cuprous chloride (CuCl) and chlorine (Cl_2). The hydrolysis and decomposition reactions are analyzed with respect to the chemical equilibrium constant. The effects of operating parameters are examined, including the temperature, pressure, excess steam and equilibrium conversion. A maximization of yield and selectivity are very important. Rate constants for the simultaneous reaction steps are determined using a uniform reaction model. A shrinking core model is used to determine the rate coefficients and predict the solid conversion time, with diffusional and reaction control. These new results are useful for scale-up of the engineering equipment in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natural circulation experiments carried out in the REWET-III facility in 1985 have been used for RELAP5/MOD2 assessment. The REWET-III facility is a scaled-down model of VVER-440 type reactors. The facility consists of a pressure vessel in which the downcomer is simulated with an external pipe assembly, hot and cold legs with loop seals and a horizontal steam generator. The volume scaling factor compared to the reference reactor is 1:2333. The present paper summarizes the experiences gained in the RELAP5/MOD2 calculations of selected REWET-III single- and two-phase natural circulation experiments. The code`s ability to represent the main phenomena of experiments in both cases was satisfactory.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Self Actuated Shutdown System (SASS) is now under development for use in a large scale FBR, in order to establish the passive shutdown capability against the postulated ATWS events, i.e. ULOF, UTOP and ULOHS. The function of SASS makes use of the safety characteristics of a liquid metal cooled FBRs such as a large subcooling and low pressure system. The insertion of the control rods insertion is assured even in the most conservative seismic design condition by employing articulate rods and the SASS will be installed into the detaching mechanism employing a curie point the magnet alloy. ULOF analysis of the present FBR shows that coolant boiling inception is prevented if a control rod of the SASS is detached at the uppermost temperature of 680degC for the Curie point magnet, and after the reactor shutdown the coolant temperature is kept below 600degC by the pony motor flow. Therefore the SASS will establish passive shutdown capability without affecting the core ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Proposals for use of Alloy 800 as a H.T.R. boiler material have prompted studies of its creep and high temperature fatigue properties in impure helium with comparative tests in air. In impure helium, as expected in a H.T.R., reactions of potential importance are selective oxidation (of chromium, aluminium and titanium) and possibly carburisation from carbon monoxide or methane. In air, general oxidation will occur, possibly accompanied by nitridation. The effects of these reactions will depend on specimen geometry and the nature of the deformation. Two important possibilities are: (i) that environment affects the structure and properties of a surface zone of material undegoing uniform deformation (this may modify creep rate and crack nucleation); and (ii) that environment affects behaviour of a small region (e.g. at the root of a notch or ahead of a crack) in a specimen undergoing non-uniform deformation (this will modify crack growth and hence rupture life or ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Within the framework of the French inter lab SPACT project (Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation Applications), the behavior of a 5 kW PEM fuel cell stack, fed by humidified hydrogen and compressed air, is investigated in a test platform at Belfort, France. A set of polarization curves are recorded, under various conditions of stack temperature, gas pressure, and stoichiometry rates, in order to obtain a kind of cartography, representing the static stack performance. Initially, the tests are defined considering experimental design techniques. In order to study the relative impacts of the physical factors on the fuel cell voltage, some polarization curve results are selected from the static tests available applying experimental design methodology. First, several analyses are used to estimate the impact of the stack temperature, gas pressure, and stoichiometry rate on the fuel cell voltage. Statistical sensitivity analyses ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order for fuel cells to be successful, a full-scale hydrogen infastructure is required. The HyTra concept is presented here (HYdrogen TRAnsform, Transfer and TRAnsport) involves combined production, storage and supply of hydrogen in a transportable trailer, i.e. it is both a hydrogen production unit and a mobile filling station. The trailer can be transported to the selected site, where it will produce gaseous hydrogen from electricity and water by electrolysis. A compressor pumps the gas into an internal pressure tank and compresses it to filling pressure. Filling takes place by the overflow principle via a flexible high-pressure line with a standardised H{sub 2} filling unit. (orig.) [German] Um die Marktdurchdringung der Brennstoffzellentechnik gewaehrleisten zu koennen, muss eine flaechendeckende Wasserstoffinfrastruktur aufgebaut werden. Das neue HyTra-Konzept (HYdrogen TRAnsform, TRAnsfer and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the design of natural gas compressor stations, a check valve is a critical element which is commonly placed on the discharge side of the compressor to prevent reverse flow that can cause serious damage to the compressor itself and other components such as seals and bearings. One of the selection criteria of the check valve for this particular application is the valve flow characteristics in steady flow, and its dynamic characteristics in unsteady flow operation. With regards to steady flow valve characteristics, current models for the determination of the check valve open angle versus mean flow velocity are based on semi-empirical data obtained from water tests, which were found to deviate from measurements involving fluids of relatively higher compressibility. This paper presents results of steady flow testing of an NPS 4 swing-type check valve in air. Mean flow velocities versus disk angles were measured together with several local ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments are reported in which a methane plasma is created, and the methyl ions and hydrogen ions are accelerated within a microchannel array so that they interact with neutral methane molecules on the inside surfaces of the microchannels. No catalysts are used, and the device operates at room temperature. Impact energies of the ions are in the range of 10 eV to greater than 100 eV, and the energy delivered in the interaction at the surfaces causes the production of larger hydrocarbon molecules, such as C{sub 2}H{sub 2}, C{sub 2}H{sub 4}, and C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, along with C{sub 3}, C{sub 4}, C{sub 5}m C{sub 6}, C{sub 7}m and C{sub 8} molecules. There is a decreasing percentage of larger molecules produced, in comparison with the C{sub 2} and C{sub 3} types. Conversion effectiveness is greater at higher pressure, due to the increased ionic activity. The yield of the higher hydrocarbons depends upon the external voltage used, and voltage can be used as a control ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new controlled-clearance pressure balance is under development with the aim of improving the hydraulic high-pressure standard up to 1 GPa. This pressure balance consists of three parts: (i) a pressure generation device up to 1 GPa, (ii) a weight-loading unit which can load/unload weights automatically and independently, (iii) a controlled-clearance piston-cylinder which is designed to allow the jacket pressure to be applied independently. Some adjustments were made for loading heavy weights on/off the piston safely, keeping them in balance, then generating the pressure stably. Stability of the generated pressure was checked for several piston-cylinders, and it was found that pressure fluctuation was less than a few parts per million. The jacket pressure coefficient of a 500 MPa controlled-clearance ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 1995-Nov

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oxide superconducting thin films were irradiated with X-rays and ultra-violet (UV) light, and induced radiation effects on electrical and chemical properties were examined by transport measurement, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), diamagnetization measurement and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). After irradiation for ErBa_2Cu_3O_x films with X-rays emitted from a Rh tube for 100 hours, superconductivity was remarkably damaged, destroying the zero-resistance state. The UV-light irradiation for Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_x films was performed in He gas of about 500 Pa with a low pressure mercury lamp. The superconductivity was gradually degraded with the UV irradiation time up to 70 minutes. In both cases, adequate oxygen-annealing treatments restored superconductivity. The X-ray photoemission spectra showed that the mean Cu valence of the films was decreased approximately from +2 to +1 by the irradiation. From these results we can find that irradiation with the X-ray ...

Science.gov (United States)

Proposed future space-based beam weapons systems will most probably require an intense neutral particle beam for effective operation across geomagnetic field lines. Such neutral beams can most efficiently be obtained by stripping excess electrons from negative ion beams. The objective of this work is to study the process of dissociative attachment of electrons. Specifically, to measure the cross sections for polar dissociation and dissociative attachment for production of H(-). It is suspected that these dissociative attachment cross sections for the production of H(-) from alkali hydrides are large. The insight gained from this study will be extremely helpful in the fabrication of high current density H(-) beam sources for use in the production of intense neutral hydrogen beams. A selection of alkali hydride molecules will be investigated in order to determine the largest cross sections for the production of H(-) by electron impact. The angular distribution of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Previous analyses of binary cycles for conversion of geothermal energy from moderate temperature resources to electrical energy have shown potential gains in net geofluid effectiveness on the order of 8%, resulting from selection of turbine-expansion processes whose equilibrium states pass through the two-phase region. If condensation occurs, this gain could be reduced or eliminated by the resulting loss in turbine efficiency. Experience with many fluids, however, indicates that vapor supersaturation permits metastable pure-vapor states to exist at temperatures considerably below the saturation temperature at a given pressure; thus, by better understanding the condensation process, and properly structuring the cycle, substantial performance gains may be possible. The purpose of the present study was to assess the probability for attaining this performance gain by estimating the extent of condensation which might be expected during such an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A porous tooling system was selected for the processing of Graphite/PMR-15 Polyimide laminates in thickness up to 3.2 mm. (0.125 inch). This tool system must have a reasonable strength, permeability dimensional stability, and thermal conductivity to accomplish curing at 600 F and 200 psi and 200 psi autoclave temperature and pressure. A permeability measuring apparatus was constructed and permeability vs. casting water level determined to produce tools at three different permeability levels. On these tools, laminates of 5, 11, and 22 plies (.027, .060, and 0.121 inch) were produced and evaluated by ultrasonic, mechanical, and thermal tests to determine the effect of the tool permeability on the cured laminates. All tools produced acceptable laminates at 5 and 11 plies but only the highest permeability produced acceptable clear ultrasonic C-Scans. Recommendations are made for future investigations of design geometry, and strengthening techniques ...

Science.gov (United States)

Therapeutic hypothermia is a promising method for controlling intracranial pressure (ICP) in severely brain-injured patients. However, clinical data regarding the effect of brain hypothermia on overall outcome of these patients is limited. This may be because there are specific pitfalls associated with the clinical management of induced hypothermia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). These pitfalls may be avoided by preventing specific risk factors when cooling is induced and with rewarming. However, these risk factors have not been well systematically discussed in the literature. In this paper, three categories of clinical issues regarding the management of brain hypothermia are discussed: (1) stress-induced secondary brain injury mechanisms; (2) technical aspects of intensive care unit (ICU) cooling management; and (3) rewarming rates and methods. For patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 8, management of stress-induced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of ionic liquids for post combustion capture was discussed. Compared to other solvents, ionic liquids can be used in higher concentrations. Other advantages include the large variation in physical and chemical properties and the non measurable vapor pressure. In this study, 78 different ionic liquids were synthesized and the carbon dioxide absorption rate was measured. The most promising ionic liquids were produced and various tests were made to identify the most suitable absorption solvent. The vapor-liquid equilibrium curve was measured between 40 and 110 degrees C. Pilot plant tests with MEA and one selected ionic liquid test with 30 per cent MEA at the pilot plant at the EVNs Duernrohr Power Station in Lower Austria are running successfully with a capture performance of approximately 87 per cent. The experiments will provide a direct comparison of the energy demand and capture performance between the MEA and the ionic liquids.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to effectively recover uranium, rotation speed of solid cathode was examined, and effect of uranium concentration and current density on electrodeposition were confirmed. And the potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrorefining experiments were conducted. Element used in the experiments were Zr, Nd, La chlorides. The reduction potentials of chlorides metals on liquid Cd cathode were measured by cyclic voltammetry experiments. The electrowinning experiments were performed in order to recover small amounts of uranium in salt. Experimental set-up for the batch type reductive extraction experiments were developed and installed. On the base of experimental results of batch type, multi-stage extraction equipment was set-up, and optimum number of stage and recover yield were measured. In the oxidative extraction study is examine selective separation behavior of the rare earth metals from alloy composed of actinide and lanthanide metals to determine the effective ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Options for successfully using biogas depend on project scale. Almost all biogas from anaerobic digesters must first go through a gas handling system that pressurizes, meters, and filters the biogas. Additional treatment, including hydrogen sulfide-mercaptan scrubbing, gas drying, and carbon dioxide removal may be necessary for specialized uses, but these are complex and expensive processes. Thus, they can be justified only for large-scale projects that require high-quality biogas. Small-scale projects (less than 65 cfm) generally use biogas (as produced) as a boiler fuel or for fueling internal combustion engine-generators to produce electricity. If engines or boilers are selected properly, there should be no need to remove hydrogen sulfide. Small-scale combustion turbines, steam turbines, and fuel cells are not used because of their technical complexity and high capital cost. Biogas cleanup to pipeline or transportation fuel specifications is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the work performed during FY 1995 by Pacific Northwest Laboratory in developing and optimizing analysis techniques for identifying organics present in Hanford waste tanks. The main focus was to provide a means for rapidly obtaining the most useful information concerning the organics present in tank waste, with minimal sample handling and with minimal waste generation. One major focus has been to optimize analytical methods for organic speciation. Select methods, such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, were developed to increase the speciation capabilities, while minimizing sample handling. A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to improve separation capabilities while minimizing additional waste generation. In addition, considerable emphasis has been placed on developing a rapid screening tool, based on Raman and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method to select, among several commercial diameter options, the most economic combination of pipeline networks is presented. These networks comply with the discharge conditions in the pipes and pressure in the knots. It is applied a static method for the hydraulics analysis of the Engineering Institute of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) and an optimization technique to reduce the number of calculations. [Spanish] Se presenta un metodo para seleccionar, de entre varias opciones de diametros comerciales, la combinacion que forma la red de tuberias mas economica que satisface las condiciones de gasto en los tubos y de presion en los nudos de la misma. Para el analisis hidraulico se emplea un metodo estatico del Instituto de Ingenieria de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) y se aplica una tecnica de optimacion para reducir el numero de calculos y alcanzar la solucion.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:4317460

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Artificial selection and experimental evolution document natural selection under controlled conditions. Collectively, these techniques are continuing to provide fresh and important insights into the...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The COSA II (computer codes for salt) benchmark problem has been pursued with the ADINA (Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis) program code. With the use of this, the code should be validated by means of experimental data and the ability to reproduce real-life calculation results of the KfK (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Nuclear Research Center in Karlsruhe) should be proven. A successful validation of the code then forms the foundation stone for the ability to use different calculation problems in the final (ultimate) storage. This also accompanies the consequent reaction of replacing the STEALTH (Solids and Thermal Hydraulics Code for EPRI Adapted from LAGRANGE TOODY and HEMP) program which has a number of program-specific weaknesses compared to the ADINA computer code. In order to reproduce the approximate values from the KfK, the same values have been used. Differences were evident in the discretion and the selection of the initial values for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental investigation of the effect of nickel content on irradiation hardening of reactor pressure vessel steels was conducted. The alloys studied, with nickel contents ranging from 0 to 1.7%, included five sets of steels representing variations in copper contents and other metallurgical variables. Various subsets of the alloys were irradiated at selected combinations of flux, fluence, and irradiation temperature. Irradiation hardening was measured by either changes in the uniaxial yield stress or diamond pyramid hardness. Higher hardening rates with increasing nickel were observed in controlled experiments on commercial-type steels containing high copper concentrations (0.4% Cu). The effect of nickel increased with increasing fluence and decreasing temperature. At high fluence (>10"1"9 n/cm"2) the hardening increased with nickel at an average rate of about 100 MPa/%Ni. There also appeared to be an influence of heat treatment on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of the focused ion beam (FIB) systems has increased to a high level in recent years. The imaging, milling, and deposition capabilities of the FIB make it the ideal instrument for e.g., site-specific failure analysis, specimen preparation and nano-machining. Ion channelling contrast allows for selective imaging of polycrystalline and polyphase microstructures. In addition, the FIB and CrossBeam registered instruments are unique stand-alone analytical tools. Their vast capabilities have enabled numerous applications into the semiconductor and materials sciences applications. These integrated CrossBeam registered Tools enable the observation and direct control of the FIB operation in real time. In addition to the improved accuracy and resolution the electron beam adds analytical capabilities as STEM, EDS and EBSP to the instruments. To ensure a safe and reliable operation of the instrument, a dedicated vacuum system is needed. This type of instrument combines ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selected case studies of auroral structure/activity observed at different local times on the dayside are presented and discussed in the context of electrodynamic coupling between the different magnetospheric boundary regions and the ionosphere. The first case addresses the question of the auroral signatures of the two boundary regions referred to as cusp and cleft/LLBL. Combined ground-based and satellite data reveal the different latitudinal zones of auroral forms/particle precipitation/field-aligned current and the relationship with the respective magnetospheric plasma populations, i.e. CPS, BPS, LLBL, and the plasma mantle. Midday auroral breakup events and the related ionospheric ion drift and magnetic observations show many of the features that have been predicted to be ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events. An alternative explanation that has been proposed by others, i.e. ionospheric effect of magnetopause perturbations excited by dynamic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the five projects selected for funding within the Clean Coal Technology Program is a project proposed by the Pennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec) of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Penelec proposes to enter into a cooperative agreement with DOE to design, construct and operate a 600 ton-per-day, 66-megawatt (MWe), coal-fueled, externally-fired combined cycle (EFCC) electric power generation facility. The EFCC is an emerging technology with promise for operating highefficiency combined gas- and steam-turbine cycles on coal. The central feature of EFCC is its coupling of the gas turbine to an external, atmospheric-pressure, coal combustor via a hightemperature ceramic heat exchanger (CerHx{reg_sign}) developed by Hague International. The EFCC technology is attractive because, unlike competing combined cycles such as Integrated Gasification (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), it eliminates the need for a ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For the construction of underground facilities comprising access tunnels, connecting tunnels, main tunnels and disposal tunnels, a large number of tunnels will be excavated in deep rock formations. These excavations will extend hundreds kilometers in total length. Therefore, special attention must be paid, to transporting large volume of debris, ventilation, emergency escape routes in case of accident, and other factors. In addition, special attention must also paid to potential accidents which might in underground excavations, including unstable facing phenomena (such as collapse and swelling of facing at weak layer sections), spring water flow resulting collapse of rock, gas eruption, and rock burst. While considering these factors to be emphasized during the construction of geological disposal facilities, the investigation reviewed the existing working methods on individual construction technologies of access tunnels, main tunnels, connecting tunnels, disposal tunnels, and disposal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) for selective removal of hydrogen sulfide from acid gas streams has been studied in a 2 inch column packed with 1/4 inch ceramic Intalox saddles. The column was operated in a counter-current, steady state fashion. The feed gas composition varied between 1 and 5 mole % hydrogen sulfide and between 0 and 50 mole % carbon dioxide. In order to assist the development of packed column absorption models, the rate at which pure carbon dioxide absorbs into 2 M MDEA was measured as a function of pressure, liquid flow rate and packed bed length. The importance of end effects was carefully evaluated. In addition, draining and tracer methods were used to estimate the amount of static holdup present in the column. Using classical draining methods, as much as 50 % of the total holdup was found to be static. However, according to the step decrease in tracer method, less than 5 % of the total holdup was static. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the increasingly stricter regulations for deep reduction of fuel sulfur content, development of new deep desulfurization processes for liquid transport fuels has become one of the major challenges to the refining industry and to the production of hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cell applications. The sulfur compounds in the current transport fuels corresponding to the S level of 350-500 ppm account for only about 0.12-0.25 wt % of the fuel. The conventional hydrotreating approaches will need to increase catalyst bed volume at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions for treating 100 % of the whole fuel in order to convert the fuel mass of less than 0.25 wt %. In the present study, we are exploring a novel adsorption process for desulfurization at low temperatures, which can effectively reduce the sulfur content in gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel at low investment and operating cost to meet the needs for ultra-clean transportation fuels and for fuel cell ...

Science.gov (United States)

When withdrawing a fluid sample (for additional chromatographic analyses) from an apparatus operated at a reduced pressure, a typical syringe proves to be ineffective (even if it is equipped with a gas tight plunger). It simply does not create enough pressure differential to remove a fluid sample from a reduced pressure environment. We encountered such a situation as part of efforts to extend the operation of the advanced distillation curve protocol to reduced pressures. The problem was solved by the development of a pressure balance syringe that allows reliable and precise sampling from an apparatus operating at sub-ambient pressures. This new device uses an external vacuum source to evacuate a syringe barrel, allowing a user to withdraw fluid samples from environments with pressures as low as 0.5kPa. To demonstrate the operation of the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A new method is described for continuously measuring cell turgor pressure (P), hydraulic conductivity (L_p), and volumetric elastic modulus (ε) in higher plant cells, using a pressure...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE: The risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases has been shown to be higher for systolic blood pressure than diastolic blood pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the differential control...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The hydraulic characteristics of flow control multiorifice plate assemblies designed for the FFTF reactor were investigated. The pressure drop flowrate characteristics determined in the test are presented. (JWR)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

When withdrawing a fluid sample (for additional chromatographic analyses) from an apparatus operated at a reduced pressure, a typical syringe proves to be ineffective (even if it is equipped with a gas tight plunger). It simply does not create enough pressure differential to remove a fluid sample from a reduced pressure environment. We encountered such a situation as part of efforts to extend the operation of the advanced distillation curve protocol to reduced pressures. The problem was solved by the development of a pressure balance syringe that allows reliable and precise sampling from an apparatus operating at sub-ambient pressures. This new device uses an external vacuum source to evacuate a syringe barrel, allowing a user to withdraw fluid samples from environments with pressures as l...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved installation having a pressurized fluid circuit incorporating fluidic brakes for restricting fluid flow through a breach of the installation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of hydrogen adsorption capacity by activated charcoal has been made at a pressure minus than 10/sup -4/ Pa and at 18 K.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:Cemented hip arthroplasty is an established treatment for femoral neck fracture in the mobile elderly. Cement pressurization raises intramedullary pressure and...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

In order to understand not only the mechanisms of earthquakes, but also the origin of diverse behavior of faults and plate boundaries, one must integrate (1) field studies on faults to understand deep intrafault processes, (2) laboratory work to reproduce those processes and determine mechanical and transport properties of fault zones, (3) theoretical and numerical studies analyzing fault motion, including earthquake generation processes, based on the constitutive properties determined by laboratory studies, and (4) seismological and geodetic studies revealing dynamic fault motion during earthquakes and diverse aseismic fault behavior. Ideally, such integrated studies should be carried out for a selected fault that produced an earthquake with good seismic/geodetic records so the prediction from (1) to (3) can be fully tested with (4), rather than selecting favorite data in the literature. Present session is organized to promote such integrated ...

Science.gov (United States)

Economic and performance criteria that should be used in the selection of a scrubber system are presented. Selection should be based on the type of emissions put out by a plant and the removal efficiency required by pollution control standards. Costs and efficiencies for 10 different scrubber systems are reported. (10 diagrams)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundFeature selection is an important pre-processing task in the analysis of complex data. Selecting an appropriate subset of features can improve classification or clustering...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... TITLE (Include Security Classification) Sorption of Selected Volatile Organic Constituents of Jet Fuels and Solvents on Natural Sorbents from Gas ...

Science.gov (United States)

Sep 21, 2006 ... NASA has selected Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa., to design, furnish and install a plant to produce liquid nitrogen for ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... power reactors pressure tube reactors reactors THERMAL REACTORS.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report resistivity and thermopower measurements of the heavy fermion compound CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} at pressures up to 56 kbar. At pressures from 21 to 34.5 kbar, we measured the resistivity down to 30 mK, for all other pressure steps the temperature range was 1.2-300 K. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In nuclear fuel, in approximately one quarter of the fissions, one of the two formed fission products is gaseous. These are mainly the noble gases xenon and krypton with isotopes of xenon contributing up to 90% of the product gases. These noble fission gases do not combine with other species, and have a low solubility in the normally used uranium oxide matrix. They can be dissolved in the fuel matrix or precipitate in nanometer-sized bubbles within the fuel grain, in micrometer-sized bubbles at the grain boundaries, and a fraction also precipitates in fuel pores, coming from fuel fabrication. A fraction of the gas can also be released into the plenum of the fuel rod. With increasing fission, and therefore burn-up, the ceramic fuel material experiences a transformation of its structure in the 'cooler' rim region of the fuel. A subdivision occurs of the original fuel grains of few microns size into thousands of small grains of sub-micron sizes. Additionally, larger ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The relationship of lead exposure to blood pressure has been examined in a longitudinal study of a cohort of 89 Boston, Massachusetts, policemen. At the baseline examination, subjects had a blood lead determination and three consecutive blood pressure measurements. Triplicate blood pressure measurements were also taken at years 3, 4, and 5. Multivariate analysis revealed that, after correction for previous systolic blood pressure, body mass index, age, and smoking, a high level of blood lead was a significant predictor of subsequent elevation of systolic pressure. Bootstrap simulations of these models provided supporting evidence for the observed associations. These data suggest that lead exposure can significantly affect systolic pressure.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two-phase pressure drop and fluctuating static pressures were measured in a small horizontal rectangular channel (hydraulic diameter = 5.44 mm). The two-phase fluid was an air/water mixture at atmospheric pressure tested over a mass flux range of 50 to 2,000 kg/m[sup 2] [center dot] s. Two-phase flow patterns were identified and an objective method was found for determining the flow pattern transition from bubble or plug flow to slug flow. The method is based on an RMS static pressure measurement. In particular, it is shown that the transition is accompanied by a clear and abrupt increase in the RMS pressure when plotted as a function of mass quality. Use of the RMS pressure as a two-phase flow pattern transition indicator is shown to have advantages over pressure-versus-time trace evaluations reported in the literature. The transition is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To improve operational safety of the fuel channel for Wolsung units the recommended primary heat transport system (PHTS) operating guidelines were developed, which provides a safe operation window in terms of pressure and temperature to maintain fuel channel integrity, which is similar to pressure-temperature curves used for primary pressure boundary integrity in PWRs and deterministic Leak-Before Break (LBB) analyses were conducted using recent understanding of delayed hydride cracking (DHC) mechanism. In addition, a comparative assessment of LBB analysis was made using the procedures of Fitness For Service Guidelines(FFSG) for pressure tubes rev. 0 and rev. 1.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The integrity of a pipeline system is determined by its weakest links which may be the joints. Heat fusion is the most common method for joining gas distribution polyethylene (PE) piping. There are procedural, thermal, and mechanical aspects of making fusion joints. Acceptable procedural aspects, such as heater calibration and cleanliness, can be assured by rigorous training and certification of the operators. Thermal and mechanical aspects consist of specifying joining conditions such as the heater temperature, heating time, and joining pressure. In the absence of procedural errors, the strength of a fusion joint should depend on the pipe material, pipe dimensions, and the thermal and mechanical joining conditions. Socket heat fusion was studied both experimentally and analytically to determine how the strength of the joint varied with the conditions under which it was made. The standard tensile impact test was modified to test socket fusion joint samples in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Intensification of forest management and harvesting will lead to increased pressures on relatively infertile forest soils with possible reductions in levels of nitrogen and organic matter. It will be necessary for foresters to manage the soils, along with trees, if they wish to maintain site productivity. Nitrogen fixation should be considered as a supplementary or alternative soil amendment method. Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria appear to contribute minor amounts of combined nitrogen to forest soils, but it is possible that this contribution has been underestimated. The nitrogen-fixing symbioses of higher plants with bacteria contribute up to 300 kg year of nitrogen, more than sufficient to replace potential losses of nitrogen in intensive forestry. The nitrogen-fixing process, however, requires sufficient supplies of certain elements and is sensitive to environmental factors. There are numerous examples of nitogen-fixing symbioses improving tree growth and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study deals with testing the capability of the code PARET to simulate natural convection cooling phenomena under different boundary conditions. In addition to applying and testing some new options related to simulation of the control rod movement and studying the reactivity effect of thermal expansion fuel elements. The experiments of the simple thermal hydraulic loop of Missouri university about natural cooling phenomena in two narrow paralled channels were used to validate the code. The study indicate good results regarding the distribution of coolant flux velocity and clad temperature. In particular the heat transfer coefficient of natural convection has been calculated in good agreement with the experiment. On the other hand, the core of MNSR reactor has been modelled to simulate the reactor dynamic behaviour under natural convection cooling conditions for different initial power level. The observed oscillation during the initial phase vanishes gradually with passing time. In ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is a review of waste form options for the immobilization of high-level-liquid wastes from the nuclear fuel cycle. This review covers the status of international research and development on waste forms as of May 1979. Although the emphasis in this report is on waste form properties, process parameters are discussed where they may affect final waste form properties. A summary table is provided listing properties of various nuclear waste form options. It is concluded that proposed waste forms have properties falling within a relatively narrow range. In regard to crystalline versus glass waste forms, the conclusion is that either glass of crystalline materials can be shown to have some advantage when a single property is considered; however, at this date no single waste form offers optimum properties over the entire range of characteristics investigated. A long-term effort has been applied to the development of glass and calcine waste forms. Several additional waste forms have ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present work discusses the effect of the plasma nitriding temperature on the physical and chemical properties of the compound layer formed on pure iron samples. The samples were plasma nitrided in a mixture of H{sub 2}-20% N{sub 2} under a pressure of 6 mbar by using dc glow discharges. The treatment temperature T{sub N} was selected in the interval 400-600 C in steps of 50 C. X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer spectroscopy techniques were used as analytical tools to study the composition of the near-surface compound layer. Our results indicate that the effective thickness of the compound layer is smaller than 0.2 {mu}m for T{sub N} {<=}450 C and greater than this value for T{sub N} {>=}500 C. Also, we found that the compound layer is formed by a mixture of the phases {epsilon}-Fe{sub x}N(3.2{>=} x {>=}2) and {gamma}'-Fe{sub 4}N. In this case, the relative fractions of each phase depend on T{sub N}. As ...

Science.gov (United States)

In the self-cooling blankets of the Tokamak fusion reactor, a liquid metal, namely liquid lithium, is pumped through a system of ducts to transfer heat and capture neutrons. One of the blanket designs proposed in Argonne National Laboratory's Blanket Comparison and Selection study uses a combination of poloidal and toroidal ducts in order to maximize heat transfer while minimizing net pressure drop. In the design, the poloidal and toroidal ducts meet at sharp, abrupt corners. They were modelled as two identical, straight, semi-infinite, thin-walled, rectangular ducts with 45{degree} miters and joined at a 90{degree} angle in the plane of a strong, uniform magnetic field. While in the toroidal containment vessel (i.e. the blanket), the liquid lithium is subjected to a large electromagnetic body force due to the presence of a strong magnetic field. This body force so dominates the flow as to make the inertial and viscous forces ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of inhalational agents on the intestinal circulation in an isolated loop preparation. Sixty dogs were studied, using three intestinal segments from each dog. Selected intestinal segments were pumped with aortic blood at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg. A mixture of _8_6Rb and 9-microns spheres labeled with "1"4"1Ce was injected into the arterial cannula supplying the intestinal loop, while mesenteric venous blood was collected for activity counting. A very strong and significant correlation was found between rubidium clearance and microsphere entrapment (r = 0.97, P less than 0.0001). Nitrous oxide anesthesia was accompanied by a higher vascular resistance (VR), lower flow (F), rubidium clearance (Cl-Rb), and microspheres entrapment (Cl-Sph) than pentobarbital anesthesia, indicating that the vascular bed in the intestinal segment was constricted and flow (total and nutritive) decreased. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As stated last quarter, we discovered potassium as an impurity in the mixed metal oxides. The potassium was probably incorporated into the solid during the coprecipitation using K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}. Currently NH{sub 4}OH is being used as the precipitating base. We have discovered that the precipitation agent influences the surface composition of the mixed-metal oxides. Chemical analysis of the surface and bulk compositions showed significant differences in surface compositions of the K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and NH{sub 4}OH precipitated catalysts. In TPR experiments we have discovered that the precipitating pH markedly affects the reducibility of the ZnMnCr oxides. This shows that the choice of base as well as the pH strongly affects the surface composition of the mixed metal catalysts. Additional studies are in progress in which we are studying how the precipitating agents affect the surface composition of the mixed metal oxide catalysts and how the different surface compositions affect their ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy has been used for the determination of the line strengths of 41 CO and CO_2 absorption lines at temperatures between 295 and 1250 K. The CO vibrational-rotational lines were from the P branch of the fundamental absorption band (2150--1950 cm"-"1) while the CO_2 vibrational-rotational lines were from the far wing of the R branch of the #nu#_3 fundamental band (2395--2380 cm"-"1). The intensities of the lines were measured from absorption spectra recorded in a high-temperature gas cell containing known concentrations of CO/CO_2/N_2 gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Absorption spectra were recorded through the cell with the use of a moderate-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The absorption spectra were mathematically corrected for distortions resulting from the finite resolution of the spectrometer and for peak overlap. Line strength measurements were made from the corrected peaks by using the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effective commercial liquid absorption technology currently applicable for CO{sub 2} capture from power plant flue gases uses a conventional chemical solvent, MEA(monoethanolamine), which was developed over 60 years ago as general non selective solvent to remove acid gases from natural gas streams. The application to CO{sub 2} capture from almost atmospheric pressure flue gases required modification of the technology on account of the oxygen content to incorporate inhibitors to resist solvent degradation and equipment corrosion, as well as upstream treatment of the flue gases to remove both SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} present. The solvent strength used by such processes is relatively low in comparison with high strength modern chemical solvents. The resultant effect is large equipment and high regeneration energy requirements which is a parasitic load on the power plant. Using current technology for CO{sub 2} capture from flue gas derived from ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Studies are made in this program to enhance our understanding of the role of 5f electrons in chemical bonding. Most of our studies on the macroscopic scale emphasize certain isotopes available from the National Transplutonium Production Program centered at HFIR/TRU -namely, _9_6"2"4"8Cm, _9_7"2"4"9Bk, _9_8"2"4"9Cf, _9_9"2"5"3Es, and _9_9"2"5"4Es. Particular classes of compounds, such as hydrides, chalcogenides, and pnictides are often selected for study on the basis of their utility in bringing out significant chemical differences between the lanthanides and the actinides. High temperature/high pressure experiments on actinide metals and compounds reveal characteristics about the degree of 5f electron localization as a function of atomic number in the series. Magnetic properties of metals and compounds are investigated using ultra-sensitive methods and hydration numbers of ions in solution are investigated by neutron scattering at HFIR. As a ...

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The five thermal-hydraulic concepts chosen for conceptual study of advanced PWR systems have been studied as follows: (1) Critical Heat Flux in passive PWR Conditions: review of previous works (various of correlations, analysis of parametric trends) on CHF, assessment and improvement of CHF prediction models for round tubes, development of the prediction model on bundle CHF with considering the correction factor calculated from the tube data base, design and construction of the intermediate-pressure CHF experimental loop, extension of CHF data base by performing the experiments at low-flow, and low-quality conditions (2) Passive Cooling Concepts for Concrete Containment Systems: Selection of the external condenser by comparing and reviewing between passive cooling concepts for concrete containment system concepts, survey and review of previous studies (theoretical mechanism of condensation heat transfer and effect of non-condensable gases) on ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only.

Science.gov (United States)

... biologically important compounds is sharply lowered with passage of the solutions to the cell an organ, where their sensitivity ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new two-phase friction multiplier correlation has been developed to predict the pressure profile in two-phase flow with heat addition. The main difference from other pressure drop prediction routines is that in addition to the effect of quality, the effects of system pressure, heat and mass flux on the two-phase multiplier are included. The inception of two-phase flow is defined to occur at the onset of significant void in the subcooled boiling regime instead of the boundary between negative and positive thermodynamic equilibrium quality. Pressure drop data from an experiment with a fully segmented 6-metre long, 37-element fuel string were used to optimize the constants and exponents of this correlation for the friction multiplier. This pressure drop prediction technique was shown to successfully predict the measured pressure profiles. The more than one ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The pressure dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) transition associated with the fundamental band gap of ZnO nanowires has been studied at pressures up to 15 GPa. ZnO nanowires are found to have a higher structural phase transition pressure around 12 GPa as compared to 9.0 GPa for bulk ZnO. The pressure-induced energy shift of the near band-edge luminescence emission yields a linear pressure coefficient of 29.6 meV/GPa with a small sublinear term of -0.43 meV/GPa{sup 2}. An effective hydrostatic deformation potential -3.97 eV for the direct band gap of the ZnO nanowires is derived from the result.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Measurements of the statistical characteristics of channel wall static pressure fluctuations in parallel one-component boiling flow are reported. The measurements span a wide range of local subcooling and vapor volume fraction, and correspond to flow regimes ranging from highly subcooled bubbly to saturated slug-annular. Vapor volume fraction measurements at the pressure measurement station are also reported in conjunction with visual observation of the flow structure. Variation of static pressure fluctuation intensity and spectral content with local thermal-hydraulic condition is demonstrated. Finally, it is suggested that diagnosis of local two-phase flow regime on the basis of (i) statistical characteristics of the pressure data, and (ii) time trace of pressure signal, may be possible. 15 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Despite the rapid development of literature pertaining to fundamental (1-4) studies of oxidation catalysis, a general theory of heterogeneous selective oxidation catalysis explaining the selectivity behavior of different metal oxide systems has not yet been developed. Redox mechanisms have been widely invoked in the kinetic and mechanistic descriptions of selective oxidation reactions, suggesting a dynamic behavior of hydrocarbon and oxygen interactions with the catalyst surface. Nevertheless, most of the recent theoretical approaches of this subject matter (5-7) are essentially static in nature. Correlations are made with surface structure on the basis of crystallographic considerations with selectivity being related to the nature, number, bond-strength and nearness of oxygen atoms in the neighborhood of adsorption centers. The effect of the reaction medium on the configuration of the catalyst surface, ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Many older homes are equipped with mercury-containing gas regulators that reduce the pressure of natural gas in the mains to the low pressure used in home gas piping. Removal of these regulators can...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A combination of degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy and a low-pressure sampling technique has been studied for isotopic analysis in an air-acetylene flame. Hyperfine spectra of D lines of sodium and several mixtures of lithium isotopes obtained in this way are presented.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community pharmacist–based home blood pressure (BP) monitoring program.DesignTrial of a high-intensity...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

The A-15 compounds Nb3Sn, V3Si, etc., have been studied extensively as high temperature superconductors. High pressure studies were carried ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A rise in blood pressure associated with oral contraceptives is well established but the frequency with which it develops is not known. Early results from a controlled long-term prospective study have...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cells of the terrestrial plant species bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) are not naturally adapted to withstand the hydrostatic pressures encountered in aquatic environments. However,...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis deals with the evaluation of Solar Grade Silicon (SoG-Si) purified by different techniques, and also the fabrication and characterization of high efficiency and advanced bifacial solar cells. In the beginning of Chapter 1, various SoG-Si production methods relevant for this work are qualitatively described. The three feedstock materials used in this work are from the Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) process, metallurgical feedstock-I and feedstock-II process. In metallurgical feedstock-I, the lifetime of the minority charge carriers in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) samples at the grain boundaries are found to be higher than the grains themselves possibly due to lower resistivities in the grain boundaries. The efficiency of the best solar cell obtained using the mc-Si metallurgical feedstock-I is 16.1%. It has been identified that the fast light induced degradation, whose magnitude is lower than that of a reference cell suggests the formation of a B-metal complex in the SoG-Si ...

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... Although other authors had made cross-spectral density measurements, Corcos pointed to the importance of this function as indicative of the true ...

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Isosteric heats and adsorption isotherms of methane on nanometer active carbon were measured at supercritical temperature (273-373 K) and pressure from 0 to 10 MPa. The measured data agreed well with Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) model at lower pressure but failed when pressure exceeded a special range. General Freundlich (GF) equation was used to modify the DA equation at high pressure and thus formed a combined bisection model GFDA. The adsorption mechanism of methane on nanometer active carbon was raised according to GFDA model and the heterogeneous energy distribution of the adsorbent was analyzed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1977). United States Parvez, A. Becker, M. Boguslawski, D. Harris,

Science.gov (United States)

... TANK GUNS, GUNS, CHAMBERS, IGNITERS, INTERIOR BALLISTICS, INTERNAL PRESSURE, COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, METALS. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... within an accuracy of +5 psig. 2. Starting Pressure and Diffuser Geometra Preliminary, tests indicated that the geometry suggested by Ref. ...

CERN Document Server

Educational data mining (EDM) is a new growing research area and the essence of data mining concepts are used in the educational field for the purpose of extracting useful information on the behaviors of students in the learning process. In this EDM, feature selection is to be made for the generation of subset of candidate variables. As the feature selection influences the predictive accuracy of any performance model, it is essential to study elaborately the effectiveness of student performance model in connection with feature selection techniques. In this connection, the present study is devoted not only to investigate the most relevant subset features with minimum cardinality for achieving high predictive performance by adopting various filtered feature selection techniques in data mining but also to evaluate the goodness of subsets with different cardinalities and the quality of six filtered feature ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method is described for increasing pressure in geologic oil-bearing structures by gas production due to microbial activity. There is added to an oil-bearing structure an anaerobic micro-organism (Methanobacterium termoautotroficum), a culture medium and formic acid. The formic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and methane gases resulting in increased pressure in the structures. Methanobacterium termoautotroficum cannot split formic acid into CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/ but it can produce methane from these 2 gases. 4 claims.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The requirements of high-pressure compressors increase. The customers wish still larger quantities of delivery with smaller employment of achievement, minimal oil consumption, service amenability, long intervals of maintenance and so forth. For this, the author of the contribution under consideration presents two series of modular developed high-pressure compressors in compact design for industrial air and technical gases which exactly fulfil these requirements.

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The use of oil-filled high-pressure electric cables has increased significantly. In recent years, the electric cable industry has developed new designs, manufacturing technology, and has mastered the production of 110 to 220 kV cables without using a temporary lead sheath. The design, fabrication, and performance of high-pressure electric cables for power systems are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raman and infrared spectroscopy of para-H{sub 2} to pressures in excess of 200GPa and to 8K using new ultrapure synthetic diamond anvils reveals numerous new vibrational excitations in the three high-pressure phases. Highly resolved Raman-active librons indicate differences in orientational ordering between phasesII and III, including evidence for changes within phaseII. The librons in phaseIII are strongly pressure dependent and reflect a substantial increase in ordering with pressure. Multiple vibrons in all three phases (I, II, and III) are observed. The results place new bounds on predicted crystal structures and dynamics of the dense molecular solid. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Lithium phosphorous oxynitride(Lipon) thin films as a lithium ion conductive electrolyte were prepared by radio frequency reactive sputtering in N2 plasma. The properties of the amorphous Lipon solid electrolyte were investigated as a function of N2 pressure during reactive sputtering. The ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability of Lipon thin films improved drastically as the N2 pressure decreased. The ionic conductivity closed to 10?6 S cm?1 and obtained a stability window of 1.0?5.0 V with an N2 pressure of 5 mTorr, where the number of nitrogen bonds between the phosphate groups were more than those formed at higher pressure. It was possible to fabricate the Li//LiCoO2 complete thin film battery using this Lipon solid electrolyte, which exhibited excellent discharge characte...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BackgroundWave reflection during the systole increases left ventricular (LV) pressure, tension-time index (TTI) and myocardial oxygen requirement. The purpose of this study was to extract that component of extra myocardial oxygen requirement that is due to early systolic wave reflection, define it as wasted effort (?Ew), and examine its relationship to LV hypertrophy (LVH).MethodsRadial artery pressure waveforms were recorded using applanation tonometry and central aortic waveforms generated in 98 patients with untreated hypertension. Aortic augmentation index (AIa), wave reflection amplitude (i.e., aortic augmented pressure (AG)) and systolic duration (ED?Tr), ejection duration (ED) and round-trip travel time of the pressure wave (Tr) were calculated from the aortic waveform, a...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify patterns of brain activation elicited by erotic visual stimuli in patients treated with either Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) represent a class with a growing number of compounds that act as either estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists in a tissue-specific manner. This article...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundUnderstanding the interactions between ion channels and blockers remains an important goal that has implications for delineating the basic mechanisms of ion channel function...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Direct identification of group B streptococci from a selective broth medium was performed with the Phadebact streptococcus test to determine the feasibility of this technique for early detection of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Importance of the fieldThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms that are selectively induced following exposure to structurally-diverse chemicals often are the ones capable...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the commercial microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), Abbott IMx Select Chlamydia, for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in women and to compare its performance with endocervical...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we propose an antenna selection method in a wireless cognitive radio (CR) system, namely difference selection, whereby a single transmit antenna is selected at the secondary transmitter out of $M$ possible antennas such that the weighted difference between the channel gains of the data link and the interference link is maximized. We analyze mutual information and outage probability of the secondary transmission in a CR system with difference antenna selection, and propose a method of optimizing these performance metrics of the secondary data link subject to practical constraints on the peak secondary transmit power and the average interference power as seen by the primary receiver. The optimization is performed over two parameters: the peak secondary transmit power and the difference selection weight $\\delta\\in [0, 1]$. We show that, difference ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVES: Although the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline is extensively used in the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache, only few studies have investigated the efficacy of...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experiments have been conducted to study the effect of injection pressure on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with Orange Skin Powder Diesel Solution (OSPDS). Earlier investigation by the authors revealed that 30% OSPDS was optimum for better performance and emissions. In the present investigation the injection pressure was varied with 30% OSPDS and the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics were compared with those of diesel fuel. The different injection pressures studied were 215 bar, 235 bar and 255 bar. The results showed that the cylinder pressure with 30% OSPDS at 235 bar fuel injection pressure, was higher than that of diesel fuel as well as at other injection pressures. Similarly, the ignition delay was longer and with shorter combustion duration with 30% OSPDS at 235 bar injection ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selection of detailed-items for Periodic Safety Review on PWR radwaste management system, the main component could be faithfully clarified according to the purpose of establishment on each system and basic purpose. It is proper to select detailed-items those of radioactivities in the reactor coolant activity levels and the released volume of liquid and gaseous radioactive material on safety performance. It's also proper to select solid radwaste production quantities as detailed-item that it would be predict the next ten years trends after PSR.

Science.gov (United States)

with full-scale component test data, a final requirement for completing general materials selection criteria. It also should be pointed out that, ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... The genus Ipomea contains a species, Ipomea , which contains a purgative (Jl). Ipomea batatus is not known to contain this substance. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... The total hemispherical emittance rig has been returned to service and the quality of temperature measurement has been investigated. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Combustible cartridge cases, *Polymers, *Test equipment, *Patents, Combustion chambers, Breech mechanisms, Gas generating ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

San Francisco bus drivers have an increased prevalence of hypertension. This study examined relationships between blood lead concentration and blood pressure in 342 drivers. The analysis reported in this study was limited to subjects not on treatment for hypertension (n = 288). Systolic and diastolic pressure varied from 102 to 173 mm Hg and from 61 to 105 mm Hg, respectively. The blood lead concentration varied from 2 to 15 ..mu..g/dL. The relationship between blood pressure and the logarithm of blood lead concentration was examined using multiple regression analysis. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, race, and caffeine intake. The largest regression coefficient relating systolic blood pressure and blood lead concentration was 1.8 mm Hg/ln (..mu..g/dL). The coefficient for diastolic blood pressure was 2.5 mm Hg/ln (..mu..g/dL). These findings suggest effects of lead ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, a new design methodology for determining the size, location, type and number of capacitors to be placed on a radial distribution system is presented. The objective is to minimize the peak power losses and the energy losses in the distribution system considering the capacitor cost. A sensitivity analysis based method is used to select the candidate locations for the capacitors. A new optimization method using a Genetic Algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal selection of capacitors. Test results have been presented along with the discussion of the algorithm.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isotopically selective IR multiphoton dissociation of molecules (SF_6, CF_3I) in a pulsed gas-dynamic flow interacting with a solid surface was studied for the first time. A noticeable (severalfold) increase in the yield of products (compared to excitation of molecules in an unperturbed flow) without a substantial decrease in the selectivity of the process was observed. Possible reasons for the effect are discussed. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coatings and sensors having both steric and chemical selectivity. Controlled porosity provides the steric selectivity, whereas chemically tailored film properties, using controlled composition or modification by coupling agents, chemical species replacement, or chemical species within pores, provide the chemical selectivity. Single or multiple layers may be provided.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selective formation of ZnO nanodots was accomplished by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on nanopatterned SiO_2/Si substrates. Self-organized ZnO nanodots were selectively formed in nanopatterned lines of Si created by etching of SiO_2 with focused ion beam (FIB), whereas any nanodots were hardly observed on the SiO_2 surface in the vicinity of the FIB-sputtered Si areas. The mechanism of the selective formation of ZnO nanodots on FIB-nanopatterned lines is mainly attributed to the effective migration of Zn adatoms diffusing on the SiO_2 surface into the Si lines followed by the nucleation at surface atomic steps and kinks created by Ga"+ ion sputtering. Cathodoluminescence measurements confirmed that the emission originated from the selectively grown ZnO nanodots.

CERN Document Server

Feature selection refers to the problem of selecting relevant features which produce the most predictive outcome. In particular, feature selection task is involved in datasets containing huge number of features. Rough set theory has been one of the most successful methods used for feature selection. However, this method is still not able to find optimal subsets. This paper proposes a new feature selection method based on Rough set theory hybrid with Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) in an attempt to combat this. This proposed work is applied in the medical domain to find the minimal reducts and experimentally compared with the Quick Reduct, Entropy Based Reduct, and other hybrid Rough Set methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In relation to coal gasification and combustion under high pressure as highly efficient coal utilization, the effect of total pressure and sintering on the SO2 capture ability of Ca-ion exchanged coal and other desulfurizing agents were studied. In experiment, specimens were filled into a small pressurized reactor to heat them under high-pressure N2 atmosphere. After the completion of combustion reaction of char at 850{degree}C, SO2, CO2 and CO gases were measured at an outlet while flowing SO2/N2. As the experimental result, all of the S content in Ca-ion exchanged coal was not absorbed by Ca content in coal during pyrolysis and combustion, resulting in discharge of 36% of the S content. Since Ca-ion exchanged coal is fast in combustion reaction, most of the S content was desulfurized by coal ash. The ash content yielded from Ca-ion exchanged coal was more excellent in SO2 capture ability than ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ultra-high pressure waterjet technology was being evaluated at Florida International University (FIU) as a baseline technology. In conjunction with FIU's evaluation of efficiency and cost, this report covers the evaluation conducted for safety and health issues. It is a commercially available technology and has been used for various projects at locations throughout the country. The ultra-high pressure waterjet technology acts as a cutting tool for the removal of surface substrates. The Husky trademark pump feeds water to a lance that directs the high pressure water at the surface to be removed. The safety and health evaluation during the testing demonstration focused on two main areas of exposure. These were dust and noise. The dust exposure was found to be minimal, which would be expected due to the wet environment inherent in the technology, but noise exposure was at a significant level. Further testing for noise is ...

CERN Document Server

Several observational studies suggest that solar wind dynamic pressure fluctuations can drive magnetospheric ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves on the dayside. To investigate this causal relationship, we present results from Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction. These simulations are driven with synthetic solar wind input conditions, where idealized ULF dynamic pressure fluctuations are embedded in the upstream solar wind. In three of the simulations, a monochromatic, sinusoidal ULF oscillation is introduced into the solar wind dynamic pressure time series. In the fourth simulation, a continuum of ULF fluctuations over the 0-50 mHz frequency band is introduced into the solar wind dynamic pressure time series. In this numerical experiment, the idealized solar wind input conditions allow us to study only the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In an existent emergency reactor core cooling device, if a ruptures should occure in a pipeline of a gravitational dropping type reactor core cooling system pool (GDCS) due to some or other causes, a portion of GDCS pool water was flown out of the ruptured port and could not be used for reactor core cooling. Then, a difference pressure detector is disposed to a GDCS pipeline at the inlet of a reactor pressure vessel. When it is judged by the detector, that coolants flow to the outside of the injection pipeline, an injection value disposed to the GDCS pipeline is closed by the difference pressure signal. Even if a rupture should occur on the side of the pressure vessel at downstream to the check value of the GDCS pipeline, since backflow is caused at the pressure container inlet of the GDCS pipeline with the rupture port, the rupture is detected by the difference ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of KNGR (Korean Next Generation Reactor) is now in progress. KAERI is developing KNGR which is a advanced active PWR (pressurized water reactor) and 1350 MW electric capacities and is by based on UCN(Ulchin) 3 and 4 nuclear power plant which is a Korean standard PWR. In this report, the PZR (pressurizer) and Related System Design Features for KNGR which include PZR volume, PPCS (pressurizer safety valve)were analyzed. First, the Design Parameters between KNGR compared to UCH 3 and 4 were compared, and second, advanced design features of KNGR compared to UCN 3 and 4 were analyzed. After the present analysis, it has been concluded that the safety margins for the PZR level and pressure of KNGR were more increased by the larger PZR volume than those of UCN 3 and 4, for PZR minimum water level at reactor/turbine trip and PZR maximum pressure at LOCV(loss of condenser ...

Science.gov (United States)

In this paper we consider the adsorption of argon on the surface of graphitized thermal carbon black and in slit pores at temperatures ranging from subcritical to supercritical conditions by the method of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. Attention is paid to the variation of the adsorbed density when the temperature crosses the critical point. The behavior of the adsorbed density versus pressure (bulk density) shows interesting behavior at temperatures in the vicinity of and those above the critical point and also at extremely high pressures. Isotherms at temperatures greater than the critical temperature exhibit a clear maximum, and near the critical temperature this maximum is a very sharp spike. Under the supercritical conditions and very high pressure the excess of adsorbed density decreases towards zero value for a graphite surface, while for slit pores negative excess density is possible at extremely high ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reports on the electron current to a Langmuir probe in a moving high-pressure plasma. The plasma is an atmospheric-pressure propane flame, and the probe's speed relative to the plasma is varied from 10 to 30 ms"-"1. The current is linearly dependent on the speed and appears to be comprised of two components - one driven by diffusion and the other by convection. A model is devised which can be used to measure the electron density. By comparing the density computed from this model to that measured from the ion current, it has been possible to measure the electron mobility in the flame gases. The value obtained here is in good agreement with theoretical calculations found in the literature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sigma 1) examines ways to reduce the number of breakdowns of pressure-regulating stations and to minimize the energy consumed in warming the gas, 2) determines the optimal gas temperatures upstream from the pressure reduction, and 3) shows the dependence of energy consumption upon the water dewpoint. The method of calculating the optimal input temperature relies on Mollier's diagram. Tables and nomographs for natural gas and water dewpoint at 19/sup 0/F and 580 psi (-7/sup 0/C and 4 MPa) are useful in achieving the desired gas temperatures. Heating the regulators' control valves is important.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements of the expansion rate of pure-electron plasmas have been performed on the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG) device at background helium gas pressures in the 5 x 10(superscript -8) Torr to 1 x 10(superscript -5) Torr range, where plasma expansion due to electron-neutral collisions dominates over plasma expansion due to trap asymmetries. It is found that the expansion rate, defined as the time rate of change of the particles' mean-square radius, scales approximately linearly with pressure and inversely as the square of the magnetic field strength in this regime, in agreement with classical predictions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A back-up system is provided for a pumping plant or a pressure reservoir system used to maintain insulating oil under pressure in high voltage submarine power cables which includes a gas driven membrane pump to insure a small outflow of oil at a rupture point in the power cable to prevent water from penetrating the cable. The proper operation of the membrane pump is insured by introducing degasified oil at the drive side of the pump during the stand-by and test modes of operation of the back-up system. 11 drawings.

Science.gov (United States)

Mar 1, 2011 ... Initial post-buckling behavior of cylindrical shells under external pressure. Author: Amazigo, J. C.; Budianski, B. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

On all steam turbines operating with condensation the air leakage penetrating from the part of the plant which is under vacuum must be eliminated, in order to maintain the vacuum created by physical conditions. In order to attain effective air bleed-off, the water-steam-air mixture is conveyed via the super-cooling bundles in the condenser. In this way the steam partial pressure decreases and the air partial pressure increases at a constant condenser pressure. In this procedure the mixture is supercooled by about 4"0C compared with the saturate steam temperature appertaining to the condenser pressure. The values of volume of air leakage are the result of a year's experience on existing plant. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect the adoption of cloud computing by firms belonging to the high-tech industry. The eight factors examined in this study are relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, top management support, firm size, technology readiness, competitive pressure, and trading partner pressure. Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from 111 firms belonging to the high-tech industry in Taiwan. Relevant hypotheses were derived and tested by logistic regression analysis. Findings - The findings revealed that relative advantage, top management support, firm size, competitive pressure, and trading partner pressure characteristics have a significant effect on the adoption of cloud computing...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report measurements of the electrical resistivity of the amorphous alloys Fe"4"0Ni"4"0P"1"4B"6 (Metglas 2826), Fe"3"2Ni"3"6Cr"1"4Pr"1"2B"6 (Metglas 2826A) Fe"8"0B"2"0 (Metgals 2605) and Fe"7"5B"2"5 as a function of pressure and temperature. The pressure is varied between 0 and 12 GPa, the temperature between 1.2 and 380 K. At low temperatures the pressure dependence yields additional information on the scattering mechanism. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnetic ordering temperature of some rare-earth-based heavy-fermion compounds is strongly pressure dependent and can be completely suppressed at a critical pressure, p{sub c}, making way for novel correlated electron states close to this quantum critical point. We have studied the clean heavy-fermion antiferromagnets CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and CeIn{sub 3} in a series of resistivity measurements at high pressures up to 3.2 GPa and down to temperatures in the mK region. In both materials, superconductivity appears in a small window of a few tenths of a GPa on either side of p{sub c}. We present detailed measurements of the superconducting and magnetic temperature-pressure phase diagram, which indicate that superconductivity in these materials is enhanced, rather than suppressed, by the closeness to magnetic order. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Nobel lecture of Chandrasekhar is printed in which he describes the basic processes that determine the life history of a star with particular emphasis on the roles of stellar mass and radiation pressure. (AIP)

Science.gov (United States)

Cardiovascular effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 20 cmH2O were examined in six mongrel dogs (11.3-15.0 kg). The dogs were anesthetized through a combination of intramuscular Innovar and gaseous anesthesia (60% N2O-40% O2). For volume measurements, radiodense tantalum screws were placed on the endocardial surface of the left and right ventricle. Esophageal and left and right ventricular pressures were measured. With the use of this preparation, the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP = 20 cmH2O) on cardiovascular function were examined. PEEP caused right ventricular transmural pressures to decrease, 3.4 +/- 1.0 to 2.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg end-diastolic (P less than 0.05) and 29.2 +/- 2.2 to 27.9 + 2.2 mmHg peak systolic; left ventricular transmural pressures decreased, 5.9 +/- 1.6 to 1.2 +/- 1.4 mmHg end-diastolic (P less than 0.05) and 117.2 +/- 8.0 to 76.2 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This renewal request for DOE grant DE-FG02-86ER45238, is dedicated to providing a complete thermodynamic profile of solids fluids, and fluid mixtures, over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. We are partially motivated by technological interest in detonation, combustion, superhard high pressure materials, and high temperature superconductors, which are important components of interest of various DOE laboratories. Our work on fluids and solids, composed of simple molecules, involves the determination of structures, phase transitions, pressure-volume relations, phonon, vibron, and libron modes of excitation, sound velocities, specific heats, thermal expansion, virial coefficients, sublimation energies, and orientational translational, and magnetic correlations. We hope that the study of these systems under extreme thermodynamic conditions will lead to exotic new materials of value, as well as enhanced fundamental ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Red laser diodes emitting at 636 nm and 645 nm are studied as a function of pressure up to 20 kbar and temperature from 300 K down to 80 K. The 636 nm samples reveal anomalous L-I-V dependence at low temperatures and at high pressures. The 645 nm samples do not show these anomalies and can be tuned by pressure and temperature down to 575 nm, i.e., in the 70 nm range with powers above 200 mW and low threshold currents. (copyright 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A high pressure piezometer is described with which pVT-measurements on solutions of gases in liquids like oils can be performed at pressures and temperatures up to 2000 bar and 440 K, respectively. The present investigations deal mainly with the system squalaneCO/sub 2/ at different mole fractions, but also with squalaneN/sub 2/. The high accuracy of the measurements reveals a pronounced structure of the pV-curves in dependence on temperature and mole fraction. At larger mole fractions is the unequivocal assignment of the phases ambiguous, and the representation of the experimental data in terms of an equation of state not possible for the whole pressure and temperature range. However, for solutions with lower mole fractions could be determined the saturation pressures and the isothermal compressibility in the unsaturated region. Furthermore, the molar excess volumes of the mixture have been calculated ...

Science.gov (United States)

The emphasis of combustion research efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is on collaborating

Science.gov (United States)

(e.g. enclosed cooktop with built in emissions capture and treatment) . " Test hardware in laboratory, reduced pressure and analog habitat. " Objective 1. ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study examined whether elevated intravascular pressure stimulates asynchronous Ca2+ waves in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells and if their generation contributes to myogenic tone development. The endothelium was removed from rat cerebral arteries, which were then mounted in an arteriograph, pressurized (20 100 mmHg) and examined under a variety of experimental conditions. Diameter and membrane potential (VM) were monitored using conventional techniques; Ca2+ wave generation and myosin light chain (MLC20)/MYPT1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit) phosphorylation were assessed by confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis, respectively. Elevating intravascular pressure increased the proportion of smooth muscle cells firing asynchronous Ca2+ waves as well as event frequency. C...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Hybrid power plants consisting of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a gas turbine show high electrical efficiencies, however require pressurisation of the SOFC to several bar. This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the pressure influence on SOFC performance and durability. A two-dimensional elementary kinetic model is used to predict the performance of a single cell in the pressure range of 1-20-bar. The influence of pressure on thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, porous electrode diffusion, channel transport and efficiency is assessed. It was found that polarisation resistance decreases with increasing pressure due to increased diffusion through porous electrodes and a higher electrode surface coverage with reactant species. Furthermore, open-circuit voltage increases...

Medline Plus

... Pressure Monitoring Better Than Office-Based, Stressful Work Environment Increases Cardiovascular Risks, Diesel Exhaust Linked to COPD ...

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... In: Separated Flows, AGARD CP No. ... on thin wings in two-dimensional incompressible flow. ... fields in the region of separating and reattaching flows. ...

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The Sulige gas field and the Yulin gas field are located in the north of the Ordos Basin. Reservoir pressure in the Sulige area is subnormal, whereas reservoirs in the Yulin area have normal hydrostatic pressure. This paper provides an explanation of this difference. The characteristics of reservoir sediment and formation water chemistry in the gas reservoirs of these two areas were analyzed. The results showed that both reservoirs have good sealing ability. Data of numerical simulation showed that tectonic uplift resulted in a great reduction in formation pressure in the northern Ordos Basin during the late Cretaceous period, and the decrease was greater in the Yulin gas field than in the Sulige gas field. However, because the total hydrocarbon-generating intensity of the Sulige area (<24...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The intermediate valent behaviour of YbPd_2Si_2 has been studied under pressure in the temperature range from 1.2 K to 90 K by using the 84 keV Moessbauer transition in "1"7"0Yb. At 54 kbar and 4.2 K we obtain an increase of the electric field gradient (EFG) by a factor of #approx =# 3. In addition, the EFG varies strongly with temperature, in contrast to the behaviour at ambient pressure. At 1.2 K a change of the hyperfine pattern is observed indicating a magnetic character of the Yb ion. These results provide evidence of a pressure induced change of the valence state close to 3+. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

verse pressure gradient, makes it susceptible to flow separation, ...... AGARD, Lecture Series LS-167. [25] Eifler, J., 1975, Zur Frage der freien ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The recent paper by Heyer et al. indicates that observations of size, linewidth and column density of interstellar clouds do not agree with simple virial equilibrium (SVE) as a balance between gravitational and kinetic energies in the sense that the clouds either have too much kinetic energy or too little mass to be bound. This may be explained by violation of SVE as suggested by Dobbs et al., by observational underestimation of the masses as suggested by Heyer et al. or by an external pressure acting as an additional confining force as suggested earlier by Heyer et al. The data of Heyer et al. cannot be explained with a single value for the external pressure, but if different clouds in the sample have different external pressures in the range of Pe/k= 104-107 cm-3-K, then most of...