A coherent and integrated account of the leading UML 2 semantics work and the practical applications of UML semantics development With contributions from leading experts in the field, the book begins with an introduction to UML and goes on to offer in-depth and up-to-date coverage of: The role of semantics Considerations and rationale for a UML system model Definition of the UML system model UML descriptive semantics Axiomatic semantics of UML class diagrams The object constraint language Axiomatic semantics of state machines A coalgebraic semantic framework for reasoning about interaction des

Aspect-Oriented Modeling approaches propose to model reusable aspects, or cross-cutting concerns, that can be later on composed into various base systems. These approaches are often limited to a particular domain: UML class diagrams, UML sequence diagrams, ... and therefore they cannot easily be ada...

Object Relationship Notation (ORN) is a simple notation that precisely defines relationships by combining UML multiplicities with defined referential actions. This title shows how ORN can be used in UML class diagrams and database definition languages (DDLs) to better model and implement relationships and thus develop database applications.

Most formal method notations are text based, while tools used in industry often use graphical notations, such as UML. This paper demonstrates how the power of both approaches can be combined by providing the automatic translation of VDM++ models to and from UML. The translation is implemented as a plugin for the popular Eclipse development environment by the open-source Overture initiative. Both UML class diagrams and sequence diagrams can be translated, the latter enabling the novel ability to link with the combinatorial test facility of Overture.

Design-complexity metrics, while measured from the code, have shown to be good predictors of fault-prone object-oriented programs. Some of the most often used metrics are the Chidamber and Kemerer metrics (CK). This paper discusses how to make early predictions of fault-prone object-oriented classes, using a UML approximation of three CK metrics. First, we present a simple approach to approximate Weighted Methods per Class (WMC), Response For Class (RFC) and Coupling Between Objects (CBO) CK metrics using UML collaboration diagrams. Then, we study the application of two data normalization techniques. Such study has a twofold purpose: to decrease the error approximation in measuring the mentioned CK metrics from UML diagrams, and to obtain a more similar data distribution of these metrics among software projects so that better prediction results are obtained when using the same prediction model across different software projects. Finally, we construct three prediction models with the source code of a package of an open source software project (Mylyn from Eclipse), and we test them with several other packages and three different small size software projects, using their UML and code metrics for comparison. The results of our empirical study lead us to conclude that the proposed UML RFC and UML CBO metrics can predict fault-proneness of code almost with the same accuracy as their respective code metrics do. The elimination of outliers and the normalization procedure used were of great utility, not only for enabling our UML metrics to predict fault-proneness of code using a code-based prediction model but also for improving the prediction results of our models across different software packages and projects.   

Abstract in spanish Para la generación automática de código fuente a partir de los diagramas de UML, las herramientas CASE convencionales sólo generan el encabezado de los métodos, y algunos esfuerzos adicionales generan parcialmente el cuerpo de los métodos, pero empleando elementos que se alejan de los estándares de modelado y, en todo caso, muy cercanos a la elaboración manual de código fuente. Buscando superar esas limitaciones, en este artículo se propone un proceso para gener (more) ar el cuerpo de los métodos del código fuente a partir de las operaciones del diagrama de clases. Para ello se define la ?semántica de las operaciones?, que es una manera de ligar las operaciones del diagrama de clases y los métodos implementados en la plataforma de desarrollo, tomando como entradas las pre y poscondiciones de las operaciones y el metamodelo de las librerías de la plataforma de desarrollo. Finalmente, el proceso se ejemplifica con un caso de estudio, para el cual fue necesario elaborar una instancia en UML del metamodelo del paquete java.sql. Abstract in english Well-known CASE tools only generate the heading of the methods to automatically generate source code from UML diagrams. Some proposals partially generate the body of the methods; however they use non-standard modeling elements or hand-made source code elements. This paper proposes a process for generating the body of the methods from class diagram operations in an attempt to overcome such constraints. ?Semantics of class operations? was thus defined as a way of linking (more) class diagram operations to development platform implemented methods. These kinds of semantics use pre- and post-conditions belonging to the operations and the development platform library meta-model. This process is also exemplified by giving a case study. An UML instance of the java.sql package meta-model was created for developing the case study.

Abstract in spanish En el ciclo de vida del software, durante las fases de definición y análisis, se realiza una especificación de los requisitos. Para ello, es necesario realizar un proceso de captura de las necesidades y expectativas de los interesados, que se traduce posteriormente en un conjunto de modelos que representan tanto el problema como su solución. Por lo general, la mayoría de esos modelos se expresan en el lenguaje de modelado unificado -UML-, que define un conjunto de ar (more) tefactos que permiten especificar los requisitos del software, los cuales deberían guardar consistencia, cuando se trate del mismo modelo. Sin embargo, la consistencia entre diferentes artefactos no se encuentra definida en la especificación de UML y poco se ha trabajado con este tipo de consistencia. En este artículo se propone un método para verificar la consistencia entre el diagrama de clases y el diagrama de casos de uso de UML de una manera formal. Dicho proceso se lleva a cabo evaluando una serie de reglas definidas en el lenguaje de restricciones de objetos -OCL- que se deben cumplir para garantizar que la información brindada por dichos modelos sea consistente. Como se reconoce la participación de los dos diagramas en la elaboración de las interfaces gráficas de usuario -GUI-, se define adicionalmente la consistencia con este artefacto. Abstract in english In a software lifetime, during definition and analysis stages, a specification of requirements is carried out. For such a purpose, it is necessary to get through a process to capture interested persons? needs and expectations, which will later be translated into a set of models representing both the problem and the solution. Most models are frequently expressed by the UML (Unified Modeling Language) which defines a set of devices for specifying software requirements whic (more) h should be consistent with the same model. However, consistency among several devices is not defined in the UML specification and not too much work has been made with this type of consistence. This article proposes a method to verify consistence among UML class diagram and use case diagram in a formal way. Such a process is carried out through an evaluation of several rules defined in the OCL (Object Constraint Language), which should be fulfilled to assure that information provided by such models is consistent. As both diagrams participation is recognized when preparing GUI (Graphic User Interfaces) consistence with this device is additionally defined

Interoperability, defined as the satisfaction of a communication need between two or more actors, is a sought after quality for enterprises in today's competitive environment. For a decision maker, understanding the effects of a changing market place and understanding how to adapt to the new environment is essential. Sustainable interoperability is an approach where such dynamic environments are considered, including how to adapt to the new environments. This paper presents a modeling language for describing architectures from an interoperability perspective and a formalism for inferring the degree of interoperability from the architecture models, thus supporting sustainable interoperability. The interoperability language is expressed as a Unified Modeling Language, UML, class diagram spec...

Abstract in spanish El OMG define el refinamiento como el proceso de transformación desde un modelo independiente de la plataforma de implementación hacia un modelo específico de la plataforma de implementación. Las herramientas CASE convencionales han experimentado problemas con este tipo de transformación, debido a la definición estática de los modelos incluidos en ellas, a las dificultades para la definición de reglas de transformación y al pobre rendimiento mostrado por ellas en (more) la obtención de código. Las herramientas MetaCASE han surgido con nuevas capacidades para mejorar el refinamiento en el contexto de la transformación entre modelos. En este artículo se presenta una implementación en AToM3 para refinamiento que transforma un diagrama de clases UML independiente de la plataforma de implementación a un diagrama de clases UML dependiente de la plataforma de implementación Oracle® 9i. Además, se muestra el uso de esta clase de refinamiento con un caso de estudio. Abstract in english Defined by OMG, Refinement is a transformation process from a platform independent model to a platform specific model. CASE Tools have experienced problems with this kind of transformation, because of the static definition of metamodels included on them, difficulties for defining transformation rules and the poor performance showed by them in code obtaining. MetaCASE Tools have emerged with new capabilities for improving the refinement in the context of model transformati (more) on. In this paper, we present an AToM3-based implementation for refinement between a platform-independent UML Class Diagram and an Oracle® 9i-platform UML Class Model. Furthermore, we show the use of this kind of refinement with a study case.

Abstract in spanish La enseñanza de la ingeniería de software se ha abordado tradicionalmente con métodos convencionales como clases magistrales y proyectos prácticos. Estas estrategias, si bien han permitido la formación de profesionales en esta área durante las últimas cuatro décadas, se han centrado en el docente como fuente de aprendizaje y dejan de lado estrategias en las cuales los alumnos son el centro del aprendizaje, tales como los juegos, estudios de casos y simulaciones. E (more) n este artículo se propone ?El Juego de la Consistencia?, como una manera de lograr el aprendizaje de los alumnos desde una experiencia lúdica; el juego trabaja el concepto de consistencia entre diagramas de UML (Unified Modeling Language), el estándar más aceptado en la actualidad para el modelado de sistemas informáticos en ingeniería de software. Abstract in english Software Engineering teaching has been traditionally worked with conventional methods like magisterial classes and practical projects. These strategies have been centered in teachers as learning sources, though they have permitted professional formation through four decades, but they apart student-centered learning strategies, like games, case studies, and simulations. In this paper we propose ?Consistency Game?, a way to achieve students learning from a playful experie (more) nce; the game works with the concept UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams consistency. UML is, nowadays, the most accepted standard for information systems modeling in Software Engineering.

Abstract in spanish La generación automática de código a partir de modelos ha sido una de las promesas parcialmente cumplidas en el desarrollo de software. La experiencia de las herramientas CASE, aún distante del automatismo absoluto, se complementa con algunos trabajos teóricos que se alejan de los estándares de modelamiento. En este artículo se proponen reglas para la generación de código a partir de metamodelos de diagramas de clases, secuencias y máquina de estados de UML. Las (more) reglas están definidas en lógica de primer orden, permitiendo una especificación donde se evitan las ambigüedades y la necesidad de aprender un lenguaje de programación específico. Mediante un caso de estudio se representa la aplicación de las reglas de transformación, generando el código fuente de una clase en el lenguaje orientado a objetos Java. Abstract in english Automatic code generation from models has been one of the partially accomplished promises in software development. CASE Tools experiences, even so far from complete automatism, are complemented by some theoretic works, which torn apart modeling standards. In this paper we propose code generation rules from metamodels of the UML class, sequence, and state machine diagrams. The rules are defined on first-order logic, in order to allow the construction of a specification whe (more) re both ambiguity and the need of learning a programming language are avoided. We also represent the application of transformation rules by means of a case study, and we generate source code of a class in the Java object-oriented programming language.

Model defects are a significant concern in the Model-Driven Development (MDD) paradigm, as model transformations and code generation may propagate errors to other notations where they are harder to detect and trace. Formal verification techniques can check the correctness of a model, but their high computational complexity can limit their scalability. In this paper, we consider a specific static model (UML class diagrams annotated with unrestricted OCL constraints) and a specific property to verify (satisfiability, i.e., “is it possible to create objects without violating any constraint?”). Current approaches to this problem have an exponential worst-case runtime. We propose a technique to improve their scalability by partitioning the original model into submodels (slices) which can be verified independently and where irrelevant information has been abstracted. The definition of the slicing procedure ensures that the property under verification is preserved after partitioning.

This paper proposes a new fracture mechanics based OOP tool for damage tolerant evaluation of cracked structural components including tubular joints subjected to constant and variable amplitude loading. To meet requirements of damage tolerant evaluation of structural components, interactive and user-friendly software, has been developed by using OOP concepts. Application of OOP concepts with class and sequence diagrams generated using unified modified language (UML) design tool has been explained with reference to the software. Graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed using VC++, which acts as a client at the front end, while the database developed using MS-ACCESS-XP acts as the server at the back-end. Database design for typical structural components with different crack configur...

Recently, the imaging research group at Russell Research Center, ARS in Athens, Georgia has developed a real-time multispectral imaging system for fecal and ingesta contaminant detection on broiler carcasses. The prototype system includes a common aperture camera with three optical trim filters (515.4, 566.4 and 631-nm wavelength), which were selected by visible/NIR spectroscopy and validated by a hyperspectral imaging system. The preliminary results showed that the multispectral imaging technique can be used effectively for detecting feces (from duodenum, ceca, and colon) and ingesta on the surface of poultry carcasses with a processing speed of 140 birds per minute. The accuracy for the detection of fecal and ingesta contaminates was 96%. However, the system contains many false positives including scabs, feathers, and boundaries. This paper demonstrates calibration of common aperture multispectral imaging hardware and real-time multispectral image processing software. The software design, especially the Unified Modeling Language (UML) design approach was used to develop real-time image processing software for on-line application. The UML models including class, object, activity, sequence, and collaboration diagram were discussed. Both hardware and software for a real-time fecal and ingesta contaminant detection were tested at the pilot-scale poultry processing line.

Since its initiation by Connie Smith, the process of Software Performance Engineering (SPE) is becoming a growing concern. The idea is to bring performance evaluation into the software design process. This suitable methodology allows software designers to determine the performance of software during design. Several approaches have been proposed to provide such techniques. Some of them propose to derive from a UML (Unified Modeling Language) model a performance model such as Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) or Stochastic process Algebra (SPA) models. Our work belongs to the same category. We propose to derive from a UML model a Stochastic Automata Network (SAN) in order to obtain performance predictions. Our approach is more flexible due to the SAN modularity and its high resemblance to UML' state-chart diagram.

A novel intelligent drug delivery system potential for the more effective therapy of the diabetics was proposed, and the composition of system was analyzed. Based on the design of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), an iterative modeling process was introduced. Unified modeling language (UML) was employed to describe the function requirement, and different diagrams were built up to explore the static model, the dynamic model and the employment model. The mapping analysis of different diagrams can simply verify the consistency and completeness of the system model.

Abstract in spanish OO-Method (OOM), es un método basado en modelos orientados a objetos para la generación automática de código. Para la construcción de un producto de software empleando OOM, se debe partir desde los diagramas que propone este método. Esto requiere un gran esfuerzo por parte del analista quien, de manera subjetiva, debe elaborar dichos diagramas. Por otra parte, los Esquemas preconceptuales son diagramas previos a los esquemas conceptuales que permiten representar el (more) conocimiento, presentan una sintaxis cercana a los lenguajes controlados y permiten obtener, automáticamente, diagramas de UML. En este artículo, aprovechando las ventajas anotadas para los Esquemas Preconceptuales, se propone un conjunto de reglas para la obtención de los diagramas de OOM a partir de dichos esquemas. Esta propuesta se ejemplifica con un caso de estudio. Abstract in english OO-Method is an object-oriented method for automated code generation. In order to develop a software application by using OO-Method, the analyst must subjectively create the diagrams included in OO-Method. In this task the analyst must invest too much effort. On the other hand, Pre-conceptual Schemas are controlled-language-based diagrams for knowledge representation. Also, Pre-conceptual Schemas are previous diagrams to conceptual schemas and they are designed for automa (more) tically obtaining UML diagrams. In this paper, we take advantage of Pre-conceptual Schemas and we propose a set of rules for obtaining OO-Method diagrams from these Schemas. We also exemplify the proposal with a case study

Often system developers follow Unified Modeling Language (UML) activity diagrams to depict all possible flows of controls commonly known as scenarios of use cases. Hence, an activity diagram is treated as a useful design artifact to identify all possible scenarios and then check faults in scenarios of a use case. However, identification of all possible scenarios and then testing with activity diagrams is a challenging task because several control flow constructs and their nested combinations make path identification difficult. In this paper, we address this problem and propose an approach to identify all scenarios from activity diagrams and use them to test use cases. The proposed approach is based on the classification of control constructs followed by a transformation approach which take...

We introduce a new class of two-dimensional diagrams, the \\emph{projection diagrams}, as a tool to visualize the global structure of space-times. We construct the diagrams for several metrics of interest, including the Kerr-Newman - (anti) de Sitter family, with or without cosmological constant, and the Emparan-Reall black rings.

We propose the beginnings of a data model for the Virtual Observatory (VO) built up from simple ``quantity'' objects. In this paper we present how an object-oriented, domain (or namespace)-scoped simple quantity may be used to describe astronomical data. Our model is designed around the requirements that it be searchable and serve as a transport mechanism for all types of VO data and meta-data. In this paper we describe this model in terms of an OWL ontology and UML diagrams. An XML schema is available online.

When developing a safety-critical system it is essential to obtain an assessment of different design alternatives. In particular, an early safety assessment of the architectural design of a system is desirable. In spite of the plethora of available formal quantitative analysis methods it is still difficult for software and system architects to integrate these techniques into their every day work. This is mainly due to the lack of methods that can be directly applied to architecture level models, for instance given as UML diagrams. Also, it is necessary that the description methods used do not require a profound knowledge of formal methods. Our approach bridges this gap and improves the integration of quantitative safety analysis methods into the development process. All inputs of the analysis are specified at the level of a UML model. This model is then automatically translated into the analysis model, and the results of the analysis are consequently represented on the level of the UML model. Thus the analysi...

Multiple disciplines - especially those within the earth and physical sciences, and increasingly those within social science and medical fields - require Geographic Information (GI) i.e. information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth [1]. Therefore geographic datasets are increasingly being shared, exchanged and frequently used for purposes other than those for which they were originally intended. The ISO Technical Committee 211 (ISO/TC 211) together with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) provide a series of standards and guidelines for developing application schemas which should: a) capture relevant conceptual aspects of the data involved; and b) be sufficient to satisfy previously defined use-cases of a specific or cross-domain concerns. In addition, the Hollow World technology offers an accessible and industry-standardised methodology for creating and editing Application Schema UML models which conform to international standards for interoperable GI [2]. We present a technology which seamlessly transforms an Application Schema UML model to a relational database model (RDBM). This technology, using the same UML information model, complements the XML transformation of an information model produced by the FullMoon tool [2]. In preparation for the generation of a RDBM the UML model is first mapped to a collection of OO classes and relationships. Any external dependencies that exist are then resolved through the same mechanism. However, a RDBM does not support a hierarchical (relational) data structure - a function that may be required by UML models. Previous approaches have addressed this problem through use of nested sets or an adjacent list to represent such structure. Our unique strategy addresses the hierarchical data structure issue, whether singular or multiple inheritance, by hiding a delegation pattern within an OO class. This permits the object-relational mapping (ORM) software used to generate the RDBM to easily map the class into the RDBM. In other words the particular structure of the resulting OO class may expose a "composition-like aspect" to the ORM whilst maintaining an "inherited-like aspect" for use within an OO program. This methodology has been used to implement a software application to manages the new CEDA metadata model which is based on MOLES 3.4, Python, Django and SQLAlchemy.

SRD 31 NIST/ACerS Phase Equilibria Diagrams Database (PC database for purchase)   The Phase Equilibria Diagrams Database contains commentaries and more than 21,000 diagrams for non-organic systems, including those published in all 21 hard-copy volumes produced as part of the ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibria Diagrams Program (formerly titled Phase Diagrams for Ceramists): Volumes I through XIV (blue books); Annuals 91, 92, 93; High Tc Superconductors I & II; Zirconium & Zirconia Systems; and Electronic Ceramics I. Materials covered include oxides as well as non-oxide systems such as chalcogenides and pnictides, phosphates, salt systems, and mixed systems of these classes.

It is shown that in the description of deuteron knockout the diagram with transfer of an unbound {ital np} pair is important in addition to the Feynman pole diagram. Inclusion of this diagram changes the result significantly and leads to a redefinition of the nuclear vertex in the pole diagram. Rigorous relations between the diagrams with transfer of a deuteron and an {ital np} pair are established. A simple example demonstrates that, because of the existence of nearby singularities of the nuclear vertices, the nonrelativistic Feynman diagram which contains an intermediate loosely bound system does not in general coincide with the quantum-mechanical expression with the same structure. The strong influence of departure of the virtual deuteron from the mass shell on the nuclear vertices, as has been noted in a number of papers, is unphysical and vanishes when a larger class of diagrams is considered.

Aspects have gained attention in the earlier steps of the software life-cycle leading to the creation of numerous ad- hoc Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM) approaches. These approaches mainly focus on architecture diagrams, class diagrams, state-charts, scenarios or requirements and generally propose A...

The power tessellation (or power diagram or Laguerre diagram) turns out to be particular useful in connection to a certain class of stochastic models for a disc process used for generating a random set model. We discuss how to simulate these models and calculate various characteristics of power tess...

This simulation explores the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and those topics necessary to understand the diagram. These topics include the different kinds of spectrum, spectral classification, and luminosity class. This module provides a fairly in-depth tutorial in reading HR diagrams. The user can change the temperature and lumonisity of the star and see how its position changes on the HR diagram. Instructor resources are available including student manuals, assessment materials, and a list of the assumptions used. This is part of a collection of astronomy applets.

Abstract in spanish UML, SysML y WebML son lenguajes de modelado gráfico (LMG) similares que no se pueden interpretar conjuntamente, pues tienen diferencias en tipos de modelos y diagramas. En la literatura se encuentran técnicas que estudian las características de algunos LMG, pero se aplican sobre lenguajes particulares, sin considerar sus características comunes. En este artículo se propone el diseño e implementación de una ontología que resuma los principales conceptos y relacion (more) es de los LMG, utilizando una metodología creada en la Universidad de Stanford. La ontología desarrollada responde 35 preguntas de competencia, de las cuales algunas se ejemplifican en el artículo. Abstract in english UML, SysML, and WebML are graphical modeling languages (GML). Despite their similarities, these languages can not be jointly interpreted, since they exhibit different kinds of models and diagrams. Some studies for examining the features of some GML are proposed in the state of the art, but applied to individual languages, avoiding the common features among such languages. In this paper, we propose an ontology design and implementation for summarizing GML concepts and rela (more) tions. We use a methodology created in the Stanford University. The developed ontology can successfully answer 35 competence questions, some of them exemplified in this paper.

Along with the AGTIVE 2007 conference, a Graph Transformation Tools Contenst invited tool implementers to present their solutions in order to compare the principles and particular strengths and weaknesses of today's graph transformation tools. This paper documents our contribution to the Tools Contest. The second transformation problem, a transformation from UML activity diagrams to CSP processes, i.e. a transformation between two models, is a typical application for Triple Graph Grammars (TGGs). We present our contributed solution, presenting the TGG rules and the implementation of our TGG interpreter. Moreover, we point out the advantages of our soulution as well as some restrictions of the current implementation. This paper will only briefly state the transformation problem and focus on our TGG approach and the discussion of the rules.

GD/JPL S-Band: 10 Mbps data rate class; Harris Ka-Band: > 100 Mbps data rate class ... storage, data routing, power control/distribution, RF signal switching, amplification, ... Simplified Functional Diagram of the SCAN Testbed System .... reception of radio frequency (RF) signals throughout the range of motion of the IGA.

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to investigate the colonisation of Streptococcus mutans and to determine the possibility of horizontal transmission in Chinese nursery children.DesignFifty-six children aged between 3 and 4 years old from a nursery were included in this study. Twenty-four children were from the day and night nursery class, the others were from the day nursery class. Dental plaque samples were collected with sterile toothpicks and cultured on S. mutans-selective tryptone-yeast-cystine agar supplemented with 0.2U/ml bacitracin and 15% sucrose. The typical isolates of S. mutans were identified by classical microbiological methods and genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.ResultsS. mutans was isolated from 41 of t...

We show how N-modular diagrams, suitably modified as to include integer partitions with parts equal to zero, provide a nice interpretation for the general term of Zeilberger's KOH identity. In particular, we determine, using different bijections, two main natural classes of modular diagrams of partitions with bounded parts and length, having the KOH terms as their generating functions. One of our results greatly extends the recent theorems of J. Quinn et al. [3,8], which presented striking applications to quantum physics.

Abstract in spanish Hay muchas posibilidades para diseñar un programa paralelo a fin de obtener el mejor desempeño posible. La selección de una estructura del programa, así como una organización de procesos, impacta sobre el desempeño a lograrse, y depende del problema a resolver. Ahora bien, para seleccionar una estructura del programa como la mejor en términos de desempeño, el diseñador de software requiere de técnicas de modelación para evaluar diferentes opciones. Si la estruc (more) tura de un programa paralelo puede modelarse como un conjunto de procesos interactivos, descritos en términos de Diagramas de Estado de UML, este artículo presenta una modelación para estimar el tiempo de ejecución promedio de un programa paralelo, descrito como un conjunto de procesos que corren en tiempos de ejecución con distribuciones determinística y exponencial. Abstract in english There are many possibilities to design a parallel program in order to obtain the best performance possible. The selection of a program structure, as an organisation of processes, impacts on the performance to be achieved, and depends on the problem to be solved. Now, in order to select a program structure as the best in terms of performance, the software designer requires performance modelling techniques to evaluate different alternatives. If the structure of the parallel (more) program can be modelled as a set of interacting processes, described in terms of UML State Diagrams, this paper presents a performance modelling to estimate the average execution time of a parallel program. Performance modelling is achieved by calculating the average execution time of a parallel program, described as a set of processes which run with deterministically and exponentially distributed execution times.

We determine the gauge invariance classes of tree level Feynman diagrams in spontaneously broken gauge theories, providing a proof for the formalism of gauge and flavor flips. We find new gauge invariance classes in theories with a nonlinearly realized scalar sector. In unitarity gauge, the same gauge invariance classes correspond to a decomposition of the scattering amplitude into pieces that satisfy the relevant Ward Identities individually. In theories with a linear realized scalar sector in R_\\xi gauge, no additional nontrivial gauge invariance classes exist compared to the unbroken case.

The MDSplus data acquisition and management software package is widely used in the international fusion research community. Its core Application Programming Interface (API) remained unchanged since the system was ported to a multiplatform environment in the late nineties. Originally written in C, the MDSplus API did not fully exploit several object-oriented features of the system that were included in the original architecture. In 2008 a project was initiated by the authors to provide the core MDSplus functionality with an object-oriented API. A generic, language-independent class structure has been defined and modeled in Uniform Modeling Language (UML). Based on this description the new API has been implemented so far in C++, Python, and Java. The new API provides data type management, al...

A new class of electronic power converters, based on Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) technology, is compared to classical converter types. Of both types schematic diagrams are shown. Advantages and disadvantages of both types are listed. In a recently concluded Joule project a converter in this new class was designed, built and tested. The operation of the converter is described and test results, in the laboratory as well as in a wind turbine, are given. 14 figs., 1 tab., 3 refs.

Anderson localization is studied for two flavors of massless Dirac fermions in two-dimensional space perturbed by static disorder that is invariant under a chiral symmetry (chS) and a time-reversal symmetry (TRS) operation which, when squared, is equal either to plus or minus the identity. The former TRS (symmetry class BDI) can, for example, be realized when the Dirac fermions emerge from spinless fermions hopping on a two-dimensional lattice with a linear energy dispersion such as the honeycomb lattice (graphene) or the square lattice with ? flux per plaquette. The latter TRS is realized by the surface states of three-dimensional Z2-topological band insulators in symmetry class CII. In the phase diagram parametrized by the disorder strengths, there is an infrared stable line of critical points for both symmetry classes BDI and CII. Here we discuss a “global phase diagram” in which disordered Dirac fermion systems in all three chiral symmetry classes, AIII, CII, and BDI, occur in four quadrants, sharing one corner which represents the clean Dirac fermion limit. This phase diagram also includes symmetry classes AII [e.g., appearing at the surface of a disordered three-dimensional Z2-topological band insulator in the spin-orbit (symplectic) symmetry class] and D (e.g., the random bond Ising model in two dimensions) as boundaries separating regions of the phase diagram belonging to the three chS classes AIII, BDI, and CII. Moreover, we argue that physics of Anderson localization in the CII phase can be presented in terms of a non-linear-? model (NL?M) with a Z2-topological term. We thereby complete the derivation of topological or Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten terms in the NL?M description of disordered fermionic models in all ten symmetry classes relevant to Anderson localization in two spatial dimensions.

For several companies the use of product configurators has produced a range of benefits such as minimising the use of resources and shortening the lead times in product specification processes. When developing a product configurator, two kinds of models are often created, namely analysis and design models. The task of describing product knowledge in analysis models involves domain experts, for which reason the analysis language has to be easily understandable in order to avoid extensive training. For this task the so-called Product Variant Master (PVM) diagramming technique is often applied. On the other hand, the requirements for the design language are more focused on having a formalised and rich language. For this task class diagrams are often applied. To avoid the use of different modelling languages in the analysis and design phase, this paper proposes and tests a layout technique that incorporates the usability of PVMs into class diagrams.

The goal of this paper is to sum over a class of enhanced diagrams, and derive a new Pomeron Green function. It is found that this sum gives the Pomeron contribution to the scattering amplitude that decreases with energy. In other words, we found that the total cross section of two colourless dipoles of small but equal sizes, falls down at high energies.

Uses diagrams and text to illustrate the use of Lissajous figures (the figures that are traced out when two simple harmonic motions are combined at right angles to each other) in teaching basic physics concepts. Covers the mathematics of the Lissajous Figure; demonstrating Lissajous Figures; and a typical class. (ZWH)

We evaluate, analytically, a specific class of eighth--order and tenth--order QED contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. They are generated by Feynman diagrams involving lowest order vacuum polarization insertions of leptons $l=e,\\mu$, and $\\tau$. The results are given in the fo...

We present model spectral energy distributions, colors, polarization, and images for an evolutionary sequence of a low-mass protostar from the early collapse stage (Class 0) to the remnant disk stage (Class III). We find a substantial overlap in colors and SEDs between protostars embedded in envelopes (Class 0-I) and T Tauri disks (Class II), especially at mid-IR wavelengths. Edge-on Class I-II sources show double-peaked spectral energy distributions, with a short-wavelength hump due to scattered light and the long-wavelength hump due to thermal emission. These are the bluest sources in mid-IR color-color diagrams. Since Class 0 and I sources are diffuse, the size of the aperture over which fluxes are integrated has a substantial effect on the computed colors, with larger aperture results showing significantly bluer colors. This causes overlap in color-color diagrams between all evolutionary states, especially in the mid-IR. However the near-IR polarization of the Class 0 sources is much higher than the Class...

Each student receives the same simple drawing (on graph paper) of a trilobite. By flipping coins, each student determines a growth rate for different parts of the trilobite exoskeleton. They then draw (to scale) a first molt stages of the trilobite by applying the growth rates to the 'juvenile' diagram. They then apply the same rates to the 'first molt' to produce an 'adult' morphology. The adult morphologies for each ontogenetic series, as well as an adult produced by purely isometric growth, are displayed for the entire class to see. These diagrams serve as the basis for class discussion. Later in the semester, the 'adult' trilobites are used to generate a data matrix of morphologic features of related species. Students work in groups so that there are a few different data matrices for the same set of species. A cladistic analysis and a cluster analysis (phenetics) produce possible phylogenies for the data matrices. We compare the results in a class discussion.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune endocrinopathy that often develops with anti glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GAD-Ab). Accumulated data indicate that specific alleles with HLA-DQA1{sup *}0301 strongly associate with IDDM so that its susceptible gene is localized at HLA class II DQ/DR region. The mode of transmission, however, remains still unclear. To investigate the possibility of involvement of genomic imprinting at the susceptible gene in IDDM, we conducted pedigree analysis of 16 IDDM probands who are positive for GAD-Ab and their first-degree relatives consisting of 14 mothers, 11 fathers and 11 sibs. The GAD-Ab was measured with RIA (cut off = 5 U/ml), and genotypes of DQA1 and DRB1 loci were determined with PCR-RFLP method. Of the observed 16 families, one had an affected brother who developed IDDM and was positive for GAD-Ab (144 U/ml), but the remaining 15 were simplex families. Except for the affected brother, all relatives appeared to be negative for GAD-Ab. DQA1 genotyping showed that 11 probands were homozygotes of high-risk DQA1{sup *}0301, but the five probands were heterozygous with DQA1{sup *}0301/X who were informative for the parental origin of DQA1{sup *}0301 allele. Pedigree analyses revealed that all DQA1{sup *}0301 alleles of the five affected heterozygotes were transmitted from their mothers. We next analyzed segregation pattern of DQA1-DRB1 haplotypes and found that the affected brother shared the same maternally transmitted allele with the proband. Further haplotype analysis indicated that the informative six unaffected sibs did not share the maternally transmitted DQA1{sup *}0301 alleles with their probands. From the exclusive association with maternally transmitted DQA{sup *}0301 alleles, we propose the hypothesis that maternal transmission of {open_quotes}affected alleles{close_quotes} are required for the development of IDDM with the mechanism of genomic imprinting at the HLA-DQ/DR region.

Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) are a well known language for speci- fying scenarios that describe how different actors (e.g., system components, people, or organizations) interact. MSCs are often used as a starting point for software analysts to discuss the behavior of a system with different stakeholders. Often such discussions lead to more complete behavioral models described by e.g. Event-driven Process Chains (EPCs), UML activity diagrams, BPMN models, Petri nets, etc. Process mining on the other hand, deals with the problem of constructing complete behavioral models by analyzing event logs of information systems. In contrast to existing process mining techniques, where logs are assumed to only contain implicit information, the approach presented in this paper combines the explicit knowledge captured in individual MSCs and the techniques and tools available in the process mining domain. This combination allows us to discover high-quality process models. To constructively add to the existing work on process mining, our approach has been implemented in the process mining framework ProM (www.processmining.org).

Galaxy spectral evolutionary models are used to compute the following quantities in bandpasses available in the Space Telescope Faint Object Camera: (a) galaxy color, luminosity, two-color diagrams, and surface brightness profiles as functions of redshift: and (b) galaxy counts, and color and redshift distributions as functions of apparent magnitude. Two-color diagrams for stars of different spectral types and luminosity classes are presented to help in separating stellar from galaxy images. The behavior of the Lyman discontinuity is discussed. These predictions may be used as a guide to prepare and interpret observing runs with the Space Telescope.

The convolution of indicators of two conjugacy classes on the symmetric group S_q is usually a complicated linear combination of indicators of many conjugacy classes. Similarly, a product of the moments of the Jucys--Murphy element involves many conjugacy classes with complicated coefficients. In this article we consider a combinatorial setup which allows us to manipulate such products easily: to each conjugacy class we associate a two-dimensional surface and the asymptotic properties of the conjugacy class depend only on the genus of the resulting surface. This construction closely resembles the genus expansion from the random matrix theory. As the main application we study irreducible representations of symmetric groups S_q for large q. We find the asymptotic behavior of characters when the corresponding Young diagram rescaled by a factor q^{-1/2} converge to a prescribed shape. The character formula (known as the Kerov polynomial) can be viewed as a power series, the terms of which correspond to two-dimens...

This paper provides a survey on probabilistic decision graphs for modeling and solving decision problems under uncertainty. We give an introduction to influence diagrams, which is a popular framework for representing and solving sequential decision problems with a single decision maker. As the methods for solving influence diagrams can scale rather badly in the length of the decision sequence, we present a couple of approaches for calculating approximate solutions. The modeling scope of the influence diagram is limited to so-called symmetric decision problems. This limitation has motivated the development of alternative representation languages, which enlarge the class of decision problems that can be modeled efficiently. We present some of these alternative frameworks and demonstrate their expressibility using several examples. Finally, we provide a list of software systems that implement the frameworks described in the paper.

We study the phase diagram of the standard pair approximation equations for two different models in population dynamics, the susceptible-infective-recovered-susceptible model of infection spread and a predator-prey interaction model, on a network of homogeneous degree $k$. These models have similar phase diagrams and represent two classes of systems for which noisy oscillations, still largely unexplained, are observed in nature. We show that for a certain range of the parameter $k$ both models exhibit an oscillatory phase in a region of parameter space that corresponds to weak driving. This oscillatory phase, however, disappears when $k$ is large. For $k=3, 4$, we compare the phase diagram of the standard pair approximation equations of both models with the results of simulations on regular random graphs of the same degree. We show that for parameter values in the oscillatory phase, and even for large system sizes, the simulations either die out or exhibit damped oscillations, depending on the initial conditi...

A CG-animation content which supports the learning of the Otto cycle was developed. This content has a piston assembly and the diagrams of PV, VS, TP and TS. The each diagram has a pointer which moves along the line of the graph and they are synchronized with the movement of the piston. The learners can operate this content directly on the e-learning system. While watching the movements of the piston assembly, the learners can confirm the state of the engine about temperature, pressure, volume, and entropy by the synchronized pointer on the diagrams. This content was used for the class of the machining practice exercise. The learning effect of the content was examined by the score of the short test. As the result of this examination, the CG-animation content was effective in the learning of the Otto cycle.

The relationships among vertical stability, estimated nutrient utilisation and particulate organic matter in the Ross Sea are analysed from data collected during two cruises in the summers of 1987 - 88 and 1989 - 90. In the upper mixed layer (UML), identified through the vertical stability E(Z(UML))...

Measurements of serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were conducted in maternal and fetal blood during labor and delivery and the early postnatal and neonatal periods. Mean TSH concentration was significantly higher in cord blood (9.5 ?U/ml) than maternal blood (3.9 ?U/ml), a finding suggesting a ...

The case of a 79-year-old woman with neurotoxin producing Clostridium tetani identified in a lower limb laceration that was promptly treated is presented; the patient developed no symptoms of tetanus. Her antibody levels were measured as 0.01 U/ml (protective levels >0.01 U/ml) and were therefore no...

This thesis contributes to the development of hybrid systems. For the particular specification formalism HybridUML, a formally defined transformation Phi of HybridUML models into executable low-level models is defined. The resulting low-level models have a formal semantics, therefore by Phi, this fo...

In the context of an effort to answer the OMG RFP for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded systems (MARTE), we are defining extensions to the simple time model of UML2. After a brief review of some time-related UML profiles, we focus on the specificity of our approach: the ability to take acc...

Myrothecium verrucaria is a nondermatophytic filamentous fungus able to grow and to produce keratinase in submerged (93.0???19?U/ml) and solid state (98.8???7.9?U/ml) cultures in which poultry feather powder (PFP) is the only substrate. The purpose of the present work was to verify how different carbon and nitrogen sources can influence the production of keratinase by this fungus. Addition of carbohydrates, such as glucose and sucrose, caused only slight improvements in keratinase production, but the addition of starch caused a significant improvement (135.0???25?U/ml). The highest levels of keratinase activity, however, were obtained by supplementing the PFP cultures with cassava bagasse, 168.0???28?U/ml and 189.0???26?U/ml in submerged and solid state cultures, respectively. Contrarily, ...

We study the interplay between a (quasi) periodic coupling array and an external magnetic field in a spin-1/2 XXZ chain. A new class of magnetization plateaux are obtained by means of Abelian bosonization methods which give rise to a sufficient quantization condition not contained in previous analysis. The investigation of magnetic phase diagrams via exact diagonalization of finite clusters finds a complete agreement with the continuum treatment in a variety of situations.

We study constraint satisfaction problems on the so-called planted random ensemble. We show that for a certain class of problems, e.g., graph coloring, many of the properties of the usual random ensemble are quantitatively identical in the planted random ensemble. We study the structural phase transitions and the easy-hard-easy pattern in the average computational complexity. We also discuss the finite temperature phase diagram, finding a close connection with the liquid-glass-solid phenomenology.

In response to recent attempts to construct higher-spin ladder materials from organic polyradicals, we study the ground-state properties of a wide class of antiferromagnetic spin-1 ladders. Employing various numerical tools, we reveal the rich phase diagram and correct a previous nonlinear-sigma-model prediction. A variational analysis interprets the phase competition well with particular emphasis on the re-entrant phase boundary as a function of the rung interaction.   

We study constraint satisfaction problems on the so-called 'planted' random ensemble. We show that for a certain class of problems, e.g. graph coloring, many of the properties of the usual random ensemble are quantitatively identical in the planted random ensemble. We study the structural phase transitions, and the easy/hard/easy pattern in the average computational complexity. We also discuss the finite temperature phase diagram, finding a close connection with the liquid/glass/solid phenomenology.

Traditional methods of reporting changes in student responses have focused on class-wide averages. Such models hide information about the switches in responses by individual students over the course of a semester. We extend unpublished work by Steven Kanim on "escalator diagrams" which show changes in student responses from correct to incorrect (and vice versa) while representing pre- and post-instruction results on questions. Our extension consists of "consistency plots" in which we represent three forms of data: method of solution and correctness of solution both before and after instruction. Our data are from an intermediate mechanics class, and come from (nearly) identical midterm and final examination questions.

We present ground-based mid-infrared observations of Class 0 protostars in LDN 1448. Of the five known protostars in this cloud, we detected two, L1448N:A and L1448C, at 12.5, 17.9, 20.8, and 24.5 microns, and a third, L1448 IRS 2, at 24.5 microns. We present high-resolution images of the detected sources, and photometry or upper limits for all five Class 0 sources in this cloud. With these data, we are able to augment existing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for all five objects and place them on an evolutionary status diagram.

We present an unbiased census of deeply embedded protostars in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus, assembled by combining large-scale 1.1 mm Bolocam continuum and Spitzer Legacy surveys. We identify protostellar candidates based on their mid-infrared properties, correlate their positions with 1.1 mm core positions, and construct well-sampled SEDs using our extensive wavelength coverage (lam=1.25-1100 micron). Source classification based on the bolometric temperature yields a total of 39 Class 0 and 89 Class I sources in the three cloud sample. We compare to protostellar evolutionary models using the bolometric temperature-luminosity diagram, finding a population of low luminosity Class I sources that are inconsistent with constant or monotonically decreasing mass accretion rates. This result argues strongly for episodic accretion during the Class I phase, with more than 50% of sources in a ``sub-Shu'' (dM/dt < 1e-6 Msun/yr) accretion state. Average spectra are compared to protostellar radiative transfer model...

The continuous cooling transformation behavior (CCT) and isothermal transformation (IT) behavior were determined for SA-508 and SA-533 materials for conditions pertaining to standard heat treatment and for the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The resulting diagrams help to select welding conditions that produce the most favorable microconstituent for the development of optimum postweld heat treatment (PWHT) toughness levels. In the case of SA-508 and SA-533, martensite responds more favorably to PWHT than does bainite. Bainite is to be avoided for the optimum toughness characteristics of the HAZ. The reheat cracking tendency for both steels was evaluated by metallographic studies of simulated HAZ structures subjected to PWHT cycles and simultaneous restraint. Both SA-533, Grade B, Class 1, and SA-508, Class 2, cracked intergranularly. The stress rupture parameter (the product of the stress for a rupture life of 10 min and the corresponding reduction of area) calculated for both steels showed that SA-508, Class 2, was more susceptible to reheat cracking than SA-533, Grade B, Class 1. Cold cracking tests (Battelle Test and University of Tennessee modified hydrogen susceptibility test) indicated that a higher preheat temperature is required for SA-508, Class 2, to avoid cracking than is required for SA-533, Grade B, Class 1. Further, the Hydrogen Susceptibility Test showed that SA-508, Class 2, is more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than is SA-533, Grade B, Class 1.

This study develops an integrated research model to examine various factors affecting the IT adoption in the context of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is one type of business process modeling techniques, which in turn is a key aspect of the business process reengineering. The proposed research model is based on IT adoption framework and organizational culture theory. The model identifies fourteen variables, covering seven broad categories (IT characteristics, organization technology, environment, organization structure, organization process, organization culture, and project culture) that could potentially impact UML adoption in organizations. This comprehensive conceptual model is further validated by survey data collected from 251 North American organizations across five differ...

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a newer class of oral hypoglycemic agents for the management of diabetes that elevate the plasma concentration of active glucagon-like peptide-1 via inhibition of DPP-4. They effectively lower not only glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but also fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. Patients with diabetes occasionally consume an overdose of oral hypoglycemic agents in suicide attempts: the prevalence of depression is high in patients with diabetes, and depression is a strong risk factor for suicide. We encountered an 86-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and depression, who was transferred to the emergency room 4h after ingestion of 1,700 mg of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (1,700 mg is 17 times greater than the approved maximum dose). Upon arrival, she was fully conscious, plasma glucose was 124 mg/dL, and serum immunoreactive insulin level was 5.81 ?U/mL. Thereafter, the plasma concentration of sitagliptin rose to 3,793 nM, which is 4.5 times higher than the value found under regular treatment with the maximum dose. The patient did not suffer from hypoglycemia, suggesting that a single oral overdose of sitagliptin is unlikely to cause hypoglycemia. A literature review of oral anti-diabetic agents revealed that overdose of biguanides is occasionally fatal when immediate intensive care is not provided. In summary, sitagliptin is a good treatment option for diabetic elderly patients or patients with psychiatric disorders who are suicidal and do not require insulin.   

We present sub-arcsecond (FWHM ~ 0".7), NIR JHKs-band images and a high sensitivity radio continuum image at 1280 MHz, using SIRIUS on UH 88-inch telescope and GMRT. The NIR survey covers an area of ~ 24 arcmin^2 with 10-sigma limiting mags of ~ 19.5, 18.4, and 17.3 in J, H, and Ks-band, respectively. Our NIR images are deeper than any JHK surveys to date for the larger area of NGC 7538 star forming region. We construct JHK CC and J-H/J and H-K/K CM diagrams to identify YSOs and to estimate their masses. Based on these CC and CM diagrams, we identified a rich population of YSOs (Class I and Class II), associated with the NGC 7538 region. A large number of red sources (H-K > 2) have also been detected around NGC 7538. We argue that these red stars are most probably PMS stars with intrinsic color excesses. Most of YSOs in NGC 7538 are arranged from the N-W toward S-E regions, forming a sequence in age: the diffuse H II region (N-W, oldest: where most of the Class II and Class I sources are detected); the compac...

Every set (finite or infinite) of quantum vectors (states) satisfies generalized orthoarguesian equations ($n$OA). We consider two 3-dim Kochen-Specker (KS) sets of vectors and show how each of them should be represented by means of a Hasse diagram---a lattice, an algebra of subspaces of a Hilbert space--that contains rays and planes determined by the vectors so as to satisfy $n$OA. That also shows why they cannot be represented by a special kind of Hasse diagram called a Greechie diagram, as has been erroneously done in the literature. One of the KS sets (Peres') is an example of a lattice in which 6OA pass and 7OA fails, and that closes an open question of whether the 7oa class of lattices properly contains the 6oa class. This result is important because it provides additional evidence that our previously given proof of noa =< (n+1)oa can be extended to proper inclusion noa < (n+1)oa and that nOA form an infinite sequence of successively stronger equations.

We perform a detailed investigation of Bipartite Field Theories (BFTs), a general class of 4d N=1 gauge theories which are defined by bipartite graphs. This class of theories is considerably expanded by identifying a new way of assigning gauge symmetries to graphs. A new procedure is introduced in order to determine the toric Calabi-Yau moduli spaces of BFTs. For graphs on a disk, we show that the matroid polytope for the corresponding cell in the Grassmannian coincides with the toric diagram of the BFT moduli space. A systematic BFT prescription for determining graph reductions is presented. We illustrate our ideas in infinite classes of BFTs and introduce various operations for generating new theories from existing ones. Particular emphasis is given to theories associated to non-planar graphs.

Object-oriented software is composed of classes. Their behaviors are usually modeled with state diagrams or finite state machines (FSMs). Testing classes is regarded as testing FSMs in which unique input/output (UIO) sequences are widely applied. The generation of UIO sequences is shown to be an undecidable problem. For these problems, genetic algorithms (GAs) may offer much promise. This paper reports some primary results of on-going research on evolutionary testing classes. First, we explain how to define UIO sequence generation as a search problem, and then describe adapting genetic algorithms to generating UIO sequences. Special issues of using genetic algorithms such as solution representation, validity checking and fitness definition are discussed in detail. Primary experiments confi...

This paper explains how applying more heat-conducting and heat-resistant refractory materials increases coking process speed from 27 to 40 mm/hour. Process intensification reduces greater than 60 mm/less than 60 mm class relation, increaes tension, large class crushability and structural strength, at the same time as it reduces coke abrasion, specific electric conductivity and reativity. It is suggested that wider than 400 mm coke ovens be used for high speed coking as they seem to reduce metallurgical coke losses and lessen coke crushability. Due to certain distortions caused by process acceleration, coke strength should be defined considering changes in its granulometric composition, in particular 40-25 mm class content. Diagrams are presented showing changes in coke properties as a function of changes in it granulometric composition. (12 refs.)

Pectin rich wastes and waste dump yard soils were screened and eighty pectinolytic fungal isolates were obtained by enrichment culturing and ruthenium red plate assay. Eight isolates with higher zones of pectin hydrolysis were selected and tested for polygalacturonase production. One isolate identified as Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 with highest polygalacturonase activity was tested for utilization of raw pectins for enzyme production. Polygalacturonase production was high in raw pectin sources like Orange peel (16.8 U/ml) Jack fruit rind (38 U/ml) Carrot peel (36U/ml) and Beet root peel (24U/ml). Selected Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 was found to be having good polygalacturonase, xylanase, cellulase and weak amylase and protease activities. This isolate with multi-enzyme production cou...

 UML is applied in the design of a pervasive healthcare middleware system for the hospitals in Aarhus County, Denmark. It works well for the modelling of static aspects of the system, but with respect to describing the behaviour, UML is not sufficient. This paper explains why and, as a remedy, suggests to supplement the UML models with behaviour descriptions in the modelling language Coloured Petri Nets, CPN. CPN models are executable and fine-grained, and a combined use of UML and CPN thus supports design-time investigation of the detailed behaviour of system components. In this way, the behavioural consequences of alternative design proposals may be evaluated and compared, based on models and prior toimplementation.

OBJECTIVES: Assess query expansion using thesaurus relationships and definitions in the UMLS Metathesaurus for improving searching performance. METHODS: The queries from a MEDLINE test collection (OHSUMED) were expanded using synonym, hierarchical, and related term information as well as term defini...

Current research indicates that students with enhanced knowledge networks are more effective in learning science content and applying higher order thinking skills in open-ended inquiry learning. This research examined teacher implementation of a novel teaching strategy called ?web diagramming,? a form of network mapping, in a secondary school earth science class. We report evidence for student improvement in knowledge networking, questionnaire-based reports by the students on the merits of web diagramming in terms of interest and usefulness, and information on the collaborating teacher?s perceptions of the process of implementation, including implications for teacher education. This is among the first reports that teachers can be provided with strategies to enhance student knowledge networ...

"Super-hetero-epitaxial" combinations comprise epitaxial growth of one material on a different material with different crystal structure. Compatible crystal structures may be identified using a "Tri-Unity" system. New bandgap engineering diagrams are provided for each class of combination, based on determination of hybrid lattice constants for the constituent materials in accordance with lattice-matching equations. Using known bandgap figures for previously tested materials, new materials with lattice constants that match desired substrates and have the desired bandgap properties may be formulated by reference to the diagrams and lattice matching equations. In one embodiment, this analysis makes it possible to formulate new super-hetero-epitaxial semiconductor systems, such as systems based on group IV alloys on c-plane LaF.sub.3; group IV alloys on c-plane langasite; Group III-V alloys on c-plane langasite; and group II-VI alloys on c-plane sapphire.

In the first half of the paper we construct a Morse-type theory on certain spaces of braid diagrams. We define a topological invariant of closed positive braids which is correlated with the existence of invariant sets of {\\it parabolic flows} defined on discretized braid spaces. Parabolic flows, a type of one-dimensional lattice dynamics, evolve singular braid diagrams in such a way as to decrease their topological complexity; algebraic lengths decrease monotonically. This topological invariant is derived from a Morse-Conley homotopy index and provides a gloablization of `lap number' techniques used in scalar parabolic PDEs. In the second half of the paper we apply this technology to second order Lagrangians via a discrete formulation of the variational problem. This culminates in a very general forcing theorem for the existence of infinitely many braid classes of closed orbits.

We present the first statistical mechanics study of a passively mode locked laser which includes all the main physical processes, saturable absorption, Kerr nonlinearity, parabolic gain filtering and group velocity dispersion, assuming the soliton condition. We achieve an exact solution in the thermodynamic limit, where the ratio of the cavity length to the pulse width, the duty cycle, tends to infinity. The thermodynamics depends on a single dimensionless parameter $\\gamma$, the ratio of the correlation length to the pulse width. The phase diagram consists of one ordered, mode-locked phase and one disordered, continuous wave phase, separated by a first order phase transition at $\\gamma=9$. The model belongs to a new class of solvable statistical mechanics models with a non-trivial phase diagram. The results are obtained with a fully controlled transfer matrix calculation, showing rigorously that passive mode locking is a thermodynamic phase transition.

We study the phase diagram and critical behavior of an interacting one dimensional two species monomer-monomer catalytic surface reaction model with a reactive phase as well as two equivalent adsorbing phase where one of the species saturates the system. A mean field analysis including correlations up to triplets of sites fails to reproduce the phase diagram found by Monte Carlo simulations. The three phases coexist at a bicritical point whose critical behavior is described by the even branching annihilating random walk universality class. This work confirms the hypothesis that the conservation modulo 2 of the domain walls under the dynamics at the bicritical point is the essential feature in producing critical behavior different from directed percolation. The interfacial fluctuations show the same universal behavior seen at the bicritical point in a three-species model, supporting the conjecture that these fluctuations are a new universal characteristic of the model.

Objective To elucidate the cut off levels of serum KL-6 indicating patients with interstitial pneumonitis (IP) and patients with active IP associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods CTD patients whose serum KL-6 level was measured were included. IP was diagnosed on the basis of medical records including XP/CT findings, and active IP was assumed in case that intervention for IP was newly added. The cut off levels were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Among 240 (174 females) patients, 67 (42) had IP and 15 (9) had active IP. The ages of patients with and without IP, and with active IP and with inactive IP were 70.3±9.5 and 62.8±15.3, and 72.8±8.1 and 69.6±9.8, respectively. IP was significantly more prevalent in males and the elderly. The KL-6 levels were 990±90 and 301±12 U/mL in patients with and without IP, and 1,905±236 and 726±54 U/mL in those with active IP and with inactive IP, respectively. ROC curve analysis showed a cut off level of 509 U/mL for indicating IP, and that of 1,051-1,060 U/mL for indicating active IP. Conclusion A serum KL-6 level of higher than 500 U/mL is a marker of the presence of IP, and a level of higher than 1,000 U/mL is a marker of the presence of active IP associated with CTDs.   

We develop methods for the calculation of the hadronic tensor that describes the response of nuclear matter to an electromagnetic probe and study the role of final-state interactions, making use of the theory of Horikawa, Lenz and Mukhopadhay. Recently, extensive calculations of such final-state interaction effects in quasielastic (e,e^') reactions have been performed by Chinn, Picklesimer and Van Orden for finite nuclei. Our nuclear matter calculations reproduce the qualitative features found by those authors, including a significant "quenching" of the longitudinal response, if one uses a relativistic description of the process. While we are able to achieve an improved fit to a body of experimental data for the longitudinal response using this formalism, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn without extending the analysis so that the Ward-Takahashi identity is satisfied. We also find quenching of the transverse response in the region of the quasielastic peak; however, it is unclear as to whether that creates a problem for the theory, since the transverse response is known to have contributions from the excitation of the delta resonance and various multinucleon processes. We extend the discussion of Bentz, Arima, Hyuga, Shimizu and Yazaki, who considered the role of the Ward -Takahashi identity in the calculation of the electromagnetic response in nuclear matter, to higher values of the momentum transfer. We place particular emphasis on a class of diagrams for which the Ward-Takahashi identity relates the nucleon self-energy to a vertex correction. Consideration of this class of diagrams leads to the definition of an effective one-body model for ejection of a nucleon from the Fermi sea. We provide a systematic diagrammatic analysis for some members of this class of diagrams and indicate how an expansion in powers of the density of the medium may be made. In this manner we exhibit procedures for the evaluation of such corrections.

The influence of gapless dissipative degrees of freedom on the superconductor-insulator transition in two dimensions is investigated. We develop a series expansion for the free energy of a (2+1)-dimensional XY model coupled to a bosonic heat bath that can be approximately summed to all orders. The calculation explicitly conserves topological excitations. We derive the zero temperature phase diagram and the free energy critical exponent, and find a transition from universal to non-universal scaling behavior as the coupling to the dissipative environment is increased, implying the existence of a new universality class.

Monte Carlo simulations and dynamical mean-field approximations are performed to study the phase transition in a driven lattice gas with nearest-neighbor exclusion on a square lattice. A slight extension of the microscopic dynamics with allowing the next-nearest-neighbor hops results in dramatic changes. Instead of the phase separation into high- and low-density regions in the stationary state the system exhibits a continuous transition belonging to the Ising universality class for any driving. The relevant features of phase diagram are reproduced by an improved mean-field analysis.

Let G be a split semi-simple linear algebraic group over a field, let P be a parabolic subgroup and let L be a line bundle on the projective homogeneous variety G/P. We give a simple condition on the class of L in Pic(G/P)/2 in terms of Dynkin diagrams implying that the Witt groups W^i(G/P,L) are zero for all integers i. In particular, if B is a Borel subgroup, then W^i(G/B,L) is zero unless L is trivial in Pic(G/B)/2.

The Levi-Malcev decomposition is applied to bosonic models of quantum mechanics based on unitary Lie algebras u(2), u(2)+u(2), u(3) and u(4) to clearly disentangle semisimple subalgebras. The theory of weighted Dynkin diagrams is then applied to identify conjugacy classes of relevant A_1 subalgebras allowing to introduce a complete classification of new angular momentum non conserving (AMNC) dynamical symmetries. The tensor analysis of the whole algebra based on the new "angular momentum" operators reveals unexpected spinors to occur in purely bosonic models. The new chains of subalgebra can be invoked to set up ANMC bases for diagonalization.

We study properties of the first generation of stars in the Galaxy, in a class of dark matter models which predict the formation of compact non-baryonic objects in the early Universe. Those object become cores of first stars formed in the Galaxy. Global parameters of stars which contain these anomalous cores are studied. Simple physical models of non baryonic cores are used. The HR diagram of stars with non baryonic cores is constructed. Implications for determination of the age of globular clusters, which contain the oldest stars, are considered. (author). 12 refs, 8 figs.

Here we report a new class of superconductors prepared by high-pressure synthesis in the quaternary family ReFeAsO1-? (Re=Sm, Nd, Pr, Ce, La) without fluorine doping. The onset superconducting critical temperature (Tc) in these compounds increases with the reduction of the Re atom size, and the highest Tc obtained so far is 55 K in SmFeAsO1-?. For the NdFeAsO1-? compound with different oxygen concentration a dome-shaped phase diagram was found.

Certain classes of temperature-composition binary alloy phase diagrams can now be computed in an ``ab-initio`` approach. No adjustable or experimentally fitted parameter is used. The expectation value of the energy is expressed in terms of an expansion of cluster probabilities, where the prefactors, the Effective Cluster Interaction, are related to the alloy electronic structure. This framework is used to study the MoRe alloy for two situations: bulk and semi-infinite crystal bounded by a (001) surface. In both cases, good agreement with experimental data is found.

It is shown that a coupled map model for open flow may exhibit spatial chaos and spatial quasiperiodicity with temporal periodicity. The locations of these patterns, which cover a substantial part of parameter space, are indicated in a comprehensive phase diagram. In order to analyze the encountered phenomena, a novel class of spatial maps is introduced which is very efficient in accurately reproducing the original spatial patterns. It is found that temporally period one spatial chaos is convectively unstable, and that it is possible to predict an essential aspect of the bifurcation behavior of the coupled system solely by considering its corresponding spatial map.

The structures, the phase diagrams, and the appearance of a neutron resonance signaling an unconventional superconducting state provide phenomenological evidence relating the cuprates, the Fe-pnictides and chalcogenides as well as some heavy-fermion and actinide materials. Single-band and multiband Hubbard models have been found to describe a number of the observed properties of these materials so that it is reasonable to examine the origin of the pairing interaction in these models. In this review, based on the experimental phenomenology and studies of the pairing interaction for Hubbard-like models, it is proposed that spin-fluctuation mediated pairing is the common thread linking a broad class of superconducting materials.

We present a study of the ionized gas in a sample of 65 nearby early-type galaxies, for which we have acquired optical intermediate-resolution spectra. Emission lines are detected in ~89 % of the sample. The incidence of emission appears independent from the E or S0 morphological classes. According to classical diagnostic diagrams, the majority of the galaxies are LINERs. However, the galaxies tend to move toward the "Composites" region (at lower [NII]/Halpha values) as the emission lines are measured at larger galacto-centric distances. This suggests that different ionization mechanisms may be at work in LINERs.

While developing an information system for the University of Bern, we were faced with two major issues: managing software changes and adapting Business Information Models. Software techniques well-suited to software development teams exist, yet the models obtained are often too complex for the business user. We will first highlight the conceptual problems encountered while designing the Business Information Model. We will then propose merging class diagrams and business process modeling to achieve a necessary transparency. We will finally present a modeling tool we developed which, using pilot case studies, helps to show some of the advantages of a dual model approach.

We clarify certain important issues relevant for the geometric interpretation of a large class of N = 2 superconformal theories. By fully exploiting the phase structure of these theories (discovered in earlier works) we are able to clearly identify their geometric content. One application is to present a simple and natural resolution to the question of what constitutes the mirror of a rigid Calabi-Yau manifold. We also discuss some other models with unusual phase diagrams that highlight some subtle features regarding the geometric content of conformal theories.

A method for development of design diagrams to ensure structural integrity of slender unreinforced concrete breakwater armour units is presented. The method is based on experimental data from small scale flume tests as well as impact loading of prototype and small scale units. A prerequisite for this is the development of a method for full scale impact testing of prototype units. The method which produces repeatable results is applicable also for quality assessment of the concrete, and is widely used today. The theoretical background for the work is the separation of the loads and related stresses into three classes: static, pulsating and impact. In principle each type is described independently, and separately scaled by appropriate scaling laws to prototype sizes. The complex stress field is characterized by the maximum principal tensile stress acting in defined critical sections. This one-parameter characterization makes it possible to develop simple design diagrams for engineering purposes. Specific design diagrams for integrity of Dolos armour units with the waist ratio as a variable have been produced.

We utilize for the first time HST ACS imaging to examine the structural properties of galaxies in the rest-frame U-V versus V-J diagram (i.e., the UVJ diagram) using a sample at 0.610.25). The use of the UVJ diagram as a tool to distinguish quiescent galaxies from star forming galaxies (SFGs) is becoming more common due to its ability to separate red quiescent galaxies from reddened SFGs. Quiescent galaxies occupy a small and distinct region of UVJ color space and we find most of them to have concentrated profiles with high Sersic indices (n>2.5) and smooth structure characteristic of early-type systems. SFGs populate a broad, but well-defined sequence of UVJ colors and are comprised of objects with a mix of Sersic indices. Interestingly, most UVJ-selected SFGs with high Sersic indices also display structure due to dust and star formation typical of the nlarge degree by the mass of the galaxy and its inclination. Systems that are closer to edge-on generally display redder colors and lower [OII] 3727 luminosity per unit mass as a consequence of the reddening due to dust within the disks. We conclude that the two main features seen in UVJ color space correspond closely to the traditional morphological classes of early and late-type galaxies.

One of the most fundamental questions we can ask about a given gauge theory is its phase diagram. In the standard model, we observe three fundamentally different types of behavior: QCD is in a confined phase at zero temperature, while the electroweak sector of the standard model combines Coulomb and Higgs phases. Our current understanding of the phase structure of gauge theories owes much to the modern theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena, but has developed into a subject of extensive study. After reviewing some fundamental concepts of phase transitions and finite-temperature gauge theories, we discuss some recent work that broadly extends our knowledge of the mechanisms that determine the phase structure of gauge theories. A new class of models with a rich phase structure has been discovered, generalizing our understanding of the confinement-deconfinement transition in finite-temperature gauge theories. Models in this class have space-time topologies with one or more compact directions. On R^3 ...

Field theories with extra dimensions live in a limbo. While their classical solutions have been the subject of considerable study, their quantum aspects are difficult to control. A special class of such theories are anisotropic gauge theories. The anisotropy was originally introduced to localize chiral fermions. Their continuum limit is of practical interest and it will be shown that the anisotropy of the gauge couplings plays a crucial role in opening the phase diagram of the theory to a new phase, that is separated from the others by a second order phase transition. The mechanism behind this is generic for a certain class of models, that can be studied with lattice techniques. This leads to new perspectives for the study of quantum effects of extra dimensions.

Agent technology is a software paradigm that permits to implement large and complex distributed applications. In order to assist analyzing, conception and development or implementation phases of multi-agent systems, we've tried to present a practical application of a generic and scalable method of a MAS with a component-oriented architecture and agent-based approach that allows MDA to generate source code from a given model. We've designed on AUML the class diagrams as a class meta-model of different agents of a MAS. Then we generated the source code of the models developed using an open source tool called AndroMDA. This agent-based and evolutive approach enhances the modularity and genericity developments and promotes their reusability in future developments. This property distinguishes our design methodology of existing methodologies in that it is constrained by any particular agent-based model while providing a library of generic models

A class of self-sustained Macro ElectroMechanical (MaEMS) Systems is made up of a Rayleigh–Duffing oscillator actuating a mechanical arm through a magnetic coupling. In this paper, to avoid experimental constraints, an audio amplifier is added to the device. Quenching phenomenon, bifurcation and chaos are predicted and shown to occur in a device of this class of MaEMS. Especially by using linear stability analysis, the condition for the quenching phenomenon is derived. Chaos and bifurcation are predicted using Lyapunov exponent and bifurcation diagram. A prototype of device is designed and fabricated. Experimental results for this device that are consistent with results from theoretical investigations are presented and convincingly show quenching phenomenon, bifurcation and chaos.

This article examines the bicycle as not simply a means of transportation or as an exercise device, but rather as a vehicle for teambuilding and problem solving activities within a physical education curriculum. The activities described in this article focus on bike-centered initiatives that foster creative problem solving. They have universal appeal and can be used as a part of any teambuilding/initiative game-centered unit within a physical education curriculum for upper elementary through the high school level. These activities may require more than one class session to successfully complete or may fit perfectly into a block time schedule. The described activities will help support the physical educator in designing lessons that appropriately address the standards developed by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE). Each activity presented in this article provides the following information: (1) activity name; (2) picture; (3) description; (4) diagram; (5) setup; (6) materials/equipment; and (7) safety/class management considerations.

Postoperative morbidity after cardiopulmonary bypass most commonly manifests as bleeding diatheses or pulmonary dysfunction. The pathophysiology has been attributed to the activation of cellular and humoral components of blood after contact with an artificial surface. Development of a surface that would be nonthrombogenic and also would constitute a less potent inflammatory stimulus would therefore be beneficial. In the following experiments, we evaluated the heparin-bonded Carmeda Bioactive Surface (Medtronics Cardiopulmonary, Anaheim, Calif.) in an in vitro model of extracorporeal circulation at standard-dose heparin (5 U/ml), to examine the effects of the surface treatment on activation of blood elements, and at reduced-dose heparin (1 U/ml), to determine whether surface-bound heparin would serve as an effective anticoagulant. During the initial recirculation period, platelet counts in the Carmeda (n = 12) circuits were preserved at both doses of heparin and compared with control values (n = 12): At 5 U/ml, control 36% +/- 4% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) versus Carmeda 81% +/- 5%; at 1 U/ml, 43% +/- 3% versus 61% +/- 10%, expressed as a percent of baseline at 30 minutes, p < 0.05. Furthermore, plasma levels of platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin were significantly reduced in the Carmeda circuits throughout the experiment: At heparin 5 U/ml, 2500 +/- 340 ng/ml versus 604 +/- 191 ng/ml; at 1 U/ml, 2933 +/- 275 ng/ml versus 577 +/- 164 ng/ml of platelet factor 4 at 2 hours (p < 0.05). The pattern of beta-thromboglobulin release was similar, with effects more pronounced at the lower dose of heparin. Surface modification also reduced leukocyte depletion (p < 0.05) and release of elastase at both concentrations of heparin (5 U/ml, 0.72 +/- 0.29 ng/ml versus 0.33 +/- 0.23 ng/ml; 1 U/ml, 0.85 +/- 0.08 ng/ml versus 0.20 +/- 0.05 ng/ml, at 2 hours, p < 0.05). Moreover, as heparin concentration was reduced, Carmeda surface treatment significantly decreased generation of C3a des Arg (1 U/ml, 14,410 +/- 3558 ng/ml versus 3053 +/- 1039 ng/ml at 2 hours, p < 0.05). Although heparin bonding was originally intended to obviate the need for systemic heparinization, Carmeda treatment did not reduce fibrinopeptide A generation at the lower dose of heparin. In summary, Carmeda treatment failed to exhibit anticoagulant efficacy in this model; however, the data suggest that surface modification may have a role in ameliorating the typical inflammatory response initiated by blood contact with an artificial surface. PMID:8622305

Histamine metabolism by HEC utilizes enzymes from both endogenous and extracellular sources. HEC convert histamine to tele-methyl-histamine and accumulate this product. They exhibit a 6- to 10-fold enhancement of /sup 3/H-HIS uptake by exogenous amine oxidase activity from human placenta (P-AO) or fetal calf serum (FCS-AO) and accumulate methyl-imidazole-acetic acid (MIAA). /sup 3/H-HIS uptake is saturable with respect to /sup 3/H-HIS and to P-AO or FCS-AO, suggesting a limited number of interaction sites on HEC. Half maximal and saturated uptake occur at 1.6 ..mu..M and 4 ..mu..M for /sup 3/H-HIS, at 0.14 U/ml and 0.65 U/ml for P-AO, and 1.0- U/ml and 2.0 U/ml for FCS-AO (1 U/ml = 1 nmole putrescine degraded/hour). FCS-AO-enhanced uptake is inhibited 64% to 94% by 3-30 mM methylmaine and 98% by 75 ..mu..M chloroquine. Treatment of HEC with dextran sulfate removes bound FCS-AO activity, blocking subsequent /sup 3/H-HIS uptake by 84%. /sup 3/H-HIS-derived metabolites present in the plasma membrane fraction of HEC incubated in the absence or presence of FCS-AO activity, are tele-methyl-histamine or MIAA respectively. These results suggest the involvement of an endocytic-type process in /sup 3/H-HIS uptake and degradation, utilizing membrane-associated endogenous and exogenous enzymes.

We have made a comprehensive statistical study on the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with helmet streamers. A total number of 3810 CMEs observed by SOHO/LASCO coronagraph from 1996 to 2000 have been visually inspected. By comparing their LASCO images and running difference images, we picked out streamer-associated CMEs, which are classified into two sub-groups: Class-A events whose morphological shape seen in the LASCO running difference image is quite similar to that of the pre-existing streamer, and Class-B events whose ejections occurred in a part of the streamer. The former type of CME may be caused by the destabilization of the helmet streamer and the latter type of CME may be related to the eruption of a filament underlying the helmet streamer or narrow CMEs such as streamer puffs. We have examined the distributions of CME speed and acceleration for both classes as well as the correlation between their speed and acceleration. The major results from these investigations are as follows. First, about a quarter of all CMEs are streamer-associated CMEs. Second, their mean speed is 413 km s^{-1} for Class-A events and 371 km s^{-1} for Class-B events. And the fraction of the streamer-associated CMEs decreases with speed. Third, the speed-acceleration diagrams show that there are no correlations between two quantities for both classes and the accelerations are nearly symmetric with respect to zero acceleration line. Fourth, their mean angular width are about 60 arcdeg, which is similar to that of normal CMEs. Fifth, the fraction of streamer-associated CMEs during the solar minimum is a little larger than that during the solar maximum. Our results show that the kinematic characteristics of streamer-associated CMEs, especially Class-A events, are quite similar to those of quiescent filament-associated CMEs.

The quantum Hall effect appears in low temperature electron systems submitted to intense magnetic fields. Electrons are trapped in a thin layer ({approx} 100.10{sup -8} cm thick) at the interface between 2 semiconductors or between a semiconductor and an insulating material. This thesis presents 3 personal contributions to the physics of plane systems and particularly to quantum Hall effect systems. The first contribution is a topological approach, it involves the study of Landau's problem in a geometry nearing that of Hall effect experiments. A mathematical formalism has been defined and by using the Kubo's formula, the quantification of the Hall conductivity can be linked to the Chern class of threaded holes. The second contribution represents a phenomenological approach based on dual symmetries and particularly on modular symmetries. This contribution uses visibility diagrams that have already produced right predictions concerning resistivity curves or band structures. The introduction of a physical equivalence has allowed us to build a phase diagram for the quantum Hall effect at zero temperature. This phase diagram agrees with the experimental facts concerning : -) the existence of 2 insulating phases, -) direct transitions between an insulating phase and any Hall phase through integer or fractionary values of the filling factor ({nu}), -) selection rules, and -) classification of the Hall states and their distribution around a metal state. The third contribution concerns another phenomenological approach based on duality symmetries. We have considered a class of (2+1)-dimensional effective models with a Maxwell-Chern-Simons part that includes a non-locality. This non-locality implies the existence of a hidden duality symmetry with a Z{sub 2} component: z {yields} 1/z. This symmetry has allowed us to meet the results of the Fisher's law concerning the components of the resistivity tensor. (A.C.)

(Abridged) We report the results of monitoring observations of the Galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105 performed simultaneously with INTEGRAL and RXTE Ryle . We present the results of the whole \\integral campaign, report the sources that are detected and their fluxes and identify the classes of variability in which GRS 1915+105 is found. The accretion ejection connections are studied in a model independent manner through the source light curves, hardness ratio, and color color diagrams. During a period of steady ``hard'' X-ray state (the so-called class chi) we observe a steady radio flux. We then turn to 3 particular observations during which we observe several types of soft X-ray dips and spikes cycles, followed by radio flares. During these observations GRS 1915+105 is in the so-called nu, lambda, and beta classes of variability. The observation of ejections during class lambda are the first ever reported. We generalize the fact that a (non-major) discrete ejection always occurs, in GRS 1915+105, as a respon...

The study of variability in software development has become increasingly important in recent years. A common mechanism to represent the variability in a product line is by means of feature models. However, the relationship between these models and UML design models is not straightforward. UML statecharts are extended introducing variability in their main components, so that the behavior of product lines can be specified. The contribution of this work is the proposal of a rule-based approach that defines a transformation strategy from extended statecharts to concrete UML statecharts. This is accomplished via the use of feature models, in order to describe the common and variant components, in such a way that, starting from different feature configurations and applying the rule-based method, concrete state machines corresponding to different products of a line can be obtained.

The thermoalkalophilic Bacillus halodurans JB 99 cells known for production of novel thermostable alkaline keratinolytic protease were immobilized in calcium alginate matrix. Batch and repeated batch cultivation using calcium alginate immobilized cells were studied for alkaline protease production in submerged fermentation. Immobilized cells with 2.5% alginate and 350 beads/flask of initial cell loading showed enhanced production of alkaline protease by 23.2% (5,275 ± 39.4 U/ml) as compared to free cells (4,280 ± 35.4 U/ml) after 24 h. In the semicontinuous mode of cultivation, immobilized cells under optimized conditions produced an appreciable level of alkaline protease in up to nine cycles and reached a maximal value of 5,975 U/ml after the seventh cycle. The enzyme produced from immobilized cells efficiently degraded chicken feathers in the presence of a reducing agent which can help the poultry industry in the management of keratin-rich waste and obtaining value-added products. PMID:21691794

Pectin rich cold stored spoiled fruits, vegetables and cold soils were screened and different pectinolytic isolates were obtained by enrichment culturing and ruthenium red plate assay. Among the primary isolates 10-15% were yeast isolates. Six isolates with higher zones of pectin hydrolysis were selected and tested for polygalacturonase (PGU) production at room temperature (25 degrees C) and at 5 degrees C. One isolate identified as Saccharomyces sp. with highest polygalacturonase activity at 5 degrees C was used for enzyme production using raw fruit pectins as substrates. The isolate was identified by preliminary cultural, morphological and sugar fermentation tests. PGU production was high in raw pectin substrates like orange peel (21 U/ml), apple peel (20 U/ml ), mango peel (19 U/ml), ...

A newly isolated halotolerant Bacillus sp. VITP4 was investigated for the production of extracellular protease. 16S rRNA gene analysis identified it as Bacillus aquimaris. Enzyme secretion corresponded with growth (Gt, 38min) in the basal Zobell medium, reaching a maximum during stationary phase (630U/ml, 48h). Protease production was investigated in different salt concentrations (0-4M). While growth was optimum in the basal medium, higher levels of protease activity were observed in 0.5M salt medium (728U/ml, 48h) and 1M salt medium (796U/ml, 78h) with 21% and 32% increase in production, respectively. Salt concentrations above 2.5M did not support bacterial growth. The optimum pH and temperature for production were pH 7.5 and 37degreeC, respectively. A combination of peptone and yeast ext...

Background: Thyroid hormones have profound effect on the heart and peripheral vasculature. Hypothyroidism is associated with an increase in a number of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and elevated levels of homocysteine. Our objective was to assess the effects of hypothyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]: >10??U/mL), moderate subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH; TSH: 6.1?10??U/mL), and mild SCH (TSH: 3.1?6.0??U/mL) on cardiovascular risk factors, CHD prevalence, and all-cause mortality in patients at high risk for CHD seen in a preventive cardiology clinic. Methods: All patients seen in the Cleveland Clinic Preventive Cardiology clinic have demographic and laboratory tests including TSH and multiple CHD risk factors obtained at the baseli...

Optimization of the growth conditions for maximum b-mannanase production in shake flasks by using recombinant Aspergillus sojae ATCC11906 (AsT1) was carried out by Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. The highest b-mannanase activity on the fourth day of cultivation at 30^oC was obtained as 363U/ml in the optimized medium consisting of 7% sugar beet molasses, 0.43% NH4NO3, 0.1% K2HPO4 and 0.05% MgSO4 (by weight per volume) at 207rpm. On the sixth day of cultivation under the optimized conditions, the highest b-mannanase activity was achieved as 482U/ml which is 1.4-fold of 352U/ml activity found on glucose medium previously.

Motivation: Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), automatically identifying the meaning of ambiguous words in context, is an important stage of text processing. This article presents a graph-based approach to WSD in the biomedical domain. The method is unsupervised and does not require any labeled training data. It makes use of knowledge from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus which is represented as a graph. A state-of-the-art algorithm, Personalized PageRank, is used to perform WSD. Results: When evaluated on the NLM-WSD dataset, the algorithm outperforms other methods that rely on the UMLS Metathesaurus alone. Availability: The WSD system is open source licensed and available from External Link Not Shown. The UMLS, MetaMap program and NLM-WSD corpus are available from t...

The vertical distribution of phytoplankton is of fundamental importance for the dynamics and structure of aquatic communities. Here, using an advection-reaction-diffusion model, we investigate the distribution and competition of phytoplankton species in a water column, in which inverse resource gradients of light and a nutrient can limit growth of the biomass. This problem poses a challenge for ecologists, as the location of a production layer is not fixed, but rather depends on many internal parameters and environmental factors. In particular, we study the influence of an upper mixed layer (UML) in this system and show that it leads to a variety of dynamic effects: (i) Our model predicts alternative density profiles with a maximum of biomass either within or below the UML, thereby the system may be bistable or the relaxation from an unstable state may require a long-lasting transition. (ii) Reduced mixing in the deep layer can induce oscillations of the biomass; we show that a UML can sustain these oscillations even if the diffusivity is less than the critical mixing for a sinking phytoplankton population. (iii) A UML can strongly modify the outcome of competition between different phytoplankton species, yielding bistability both in the spatial distribution and in the species composition. (iv) A light limited species can obtain a competitive advantage if the diffusivity in the deep layers is reduced below a critical value. This yields a subtle competitive exclusion effect, where the oscillatory states in the deep layers are displaced by steady solutions in the UML. Finally, we present a novel graphical approach for deducing the competition outcome and for the analysis of the role of a UML in aquatic systems. PMID:19896955

The University of Massachusetts Lowell Radiation Laboratory (UMLRL) is involved in a comprehensive project to investigate a unique radiation sensing and energy conversion technology with applications for in-situ monitoring of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) during cask transport and storage. The technology makes use of the gamma photons emitted from the SNF as an inherent power source for driving a GPS-class transceiver that has the ability to verify the position and contents of the SNF cask. The power conversion process, which converts the gamma photon energy into electrical power, is based on a variation of the successful dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) design developed by Konarka Technologies, Inc. (KTI). In particular, the focus of the current research is to make direct use of the high-energy gamma photons emitted from SNF, coupled with a scintillator material to convert some of the incident gamma photons into photons having wavelengths within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The high-energy gammas from the SNF will generate some power directly via Compton scattering and the photoelectric effect, and the generated visible photons output from the scintillator material can also be converted to electrical power in a manner similar to that of a standard solar cell. Upon successful implementation of an energy conversion device based on this new gammavoltaic principle, this inherent power source could then be utilized within SNF storage casks to drive a tamper-proof, low-power, electronic detection/security monitoring system for the spent fuel. The current project has addressed several aspects associated with this new energy conversion concept, including the development of a base conceptual design for an inherent gamma-induced power conversion unit for SNF monitoring, the characterization of the radiation environment that can be expected within a typical SNF storage system, the initial evaluation of Konarka's base solar cell design, the design and fabrication of a range of new cell materials and geometries at Konarka's manufacturing facilities, and the irradiation testing and evaluation of these new cell designs within the UML Radiation Laboratory. The primary focus of all this work was to establish the proof of concept of the basic gammavoltaic principle using a new class of dye-sensitized photon converter (DSPC) materials based on KTI's original DSSC design. In achieving this goal, this report clearly establishes the viability of the basic gammavoltaic energy conversion concept, yet it also identifies a set of challenges that must be met for practical implementation of this new technology.

A UML based metamodel for Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) ontology is presented. BWW ontology is a generic framework for analysis and conceptualization of real world objects. It includes categories that can be applied to analyze and classify objects found in an information system. In the context of BWW ontology, the metamodel is a representation of the ontological categories and relationships among them. An objective behind developing an object-oriented metamodel has been to model BWW ontology in terms of widely used notions in software development. The main contributions of this paper are a classification for ontological categories, a description template, and representations through UML and typed based models.

  Genomic DNA encoding Lipase I was cloned from Rhizopus niveus strain IFO4759. For expression of this gene in S. cerevisiae, DBY746 was transformed with YEp352PLipS, which had the cloned lipase gene under the control of a PGK promoter. This strain secreted the lipase at a high level (350 U/ml). The strain ND-12B was produced by a mating of DBY746, harboring YEp352PLipS, and NA74-3A, and dissection of asci. This new strain secreted the lipase up to 530 U/ml. Moreover, the lipase was produced most effectively in a medium containing Bacto-yeast extract, soy-peptide, and sucrose.   

This dissertation presents the contributions of seven publications all concerned with the application of Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) to requirements modeling for reactive systems. The publications are introduced along with relevant background material and related work, and their contributions to addressing a collection of generic challenges for requirements modeling are discussed. Firstly, two approaches to constructing CPN requirements models based on collections of Use Cases are presented. In both cases, scenarios for the Use Cases are described in terms of UML 2.0 high-level Sequence Diagrams (SDs). The first approach translates collections of Use Cases and their scenarios into executable and hierarchical CPN requirements models. The models are explicitly partitioned in order to make it possible to distinguish the representation of the reactive system from that of its environment. This is important because it represents the identi cation of what is being designed (the reactive system), and what is given and being made assumptions about (the environment). The representation of the environment is further partitioned to distinguish human actors from non-human actors. This allows the modeler to take into concern that the behavior of human actors is less likely to be predictable than the behavior of e.g. mechanical components.   In the second approach, the CPN model is parameterized and utilizes a generic and reusable CPN module operating as an SD interpreter. In addition to distinguishing between system and environment as in the rst approach, the CPN model is structured in a way that allows for explicit distinction between requirements and specifications. Assumptions about the behavior of physical entities in the environment are represented as separate CPN modules. Next, an approach to addressing the problem of validating formal requirements models through interactive graphical animations is presented. Executable Use Cases (EUCs) provide a framework for integrating three tiers of descriptions of specifications and environment assumptions: the lower tier is an informal description, the middle tier is a CPN model representing the contents of the lower tier, and the upper tier is a domain-specific graphical and interactive animation driven by the CPN model. It allows stakeholders to validate the formal requirements model by interacting and experimenting with it through a graphical interface composed of recognizable artifacts and activities. The presentation of the three publications related to Use Cases is followed by a the presentation of a publication formalizing some of the guidelines applied for structuring the CPN requirements models|namely the guidelines that make it possible to distinguish the modeling artifacts describing the environment from those describing the specifications for a reactive system. The formalization allows for clear identi cation of interfaces between interacting domains, where the interaction takes place through an abstraction of possibly parameterized states and events. A tool is presented that allows automated validation of the structure of CPN models with respect to the guidelines. Next, three publications on integrating Jackson's Problem Frames with CPN requirements models are presented: The first publication introduces a method for systematically structuring CPN requirements models based on Jackson's Problem Diagrams. The resulting CPN model contains a requirements module matching the requirements domain of the Problem Diagram. In this module, requirements may be expressed declaratively as universal quantifications over time-stamped traces of interaction activity. The traces are automatically recorded during execution of the model. The second publication presents a formally specified framework for automating a large part of the tasks related to integrating Problem Frames with CPN. The framework is specified in VDM++, and allows the modeler to automatically generate CPN requirements models from one or more Problem Diagrams. The CPN models are immediately executable, and ready for manual refinement aimed at expressing environment assumptions, possible specifications, and requirements. The framework also allows for import of already refined CPN models that may be merged with other CPN models in order to reuse domain descriptions, and to handle changes to the original Problem Diagrams. The third publication continues the presentation of the framework by introducing a formally defined requirements language based on SDs with real-time constraints. An automatic checker that integrates seamlessly with the automatically generated CPN models has been implemented in Standard ML. This allows a collection of requirements to be evaluated during the execution of the CPN model. The requirements adopt the principles of constrained vs. referenced phenomena from Jackson's Problem Frames approach. They are expressed as SDs constraining a collection of automatically collected time-stamped traces. The mechanism in terms of specialized CPN modeling artifacts for collecting these traces is also automatically generated by the framework. The results of the checker are presented in automatically generated HTML reports.

We present a study of the structure of the high-mass star-forming region RCW 38 and the spatial distribution of its young stellar population. Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) photometry (3-8 ?m) is combined with Two Micron All Sky Survey near-IR data to identify young stellar objects (YSOs) by IR-excess emission from their circumstellar material. Chandra X-ray data are used to identify class III pre-main-sequence stars lacking circumstellar material. We identify 624 YSOs: 23 class 0/I and 90 flat spectrum protostars, 437 class II stars, and 74 class III stars. We also identify 29 (27 new) O star candidates over the IRAC field. Seventy-two stars exhibit IR-variability, including 7 class 0/I and 12 flat spectrum YSOs. A further 177 tentative candidates are identified by their location in the IRAC [3.6] versus [3.6]-[5.8] color-magnitude diagram. We find strong evidence of subclustering in the region. Three subclusters were identified surrounding the central cluster, with massive and variable stars in each subcluster. The central region shows evidence of distinct spatial distributions of the protostars and pre-main-sequence stars. A previously detected IR cluster, DB2001_Obj36, has been established as a subcluster of RCW 38. This suggests that star formation in RCW 38 occurs over a more extended area than previously thought. The gas-to-dust ratio is examined using the X-ray derived hydrogen column density, N H and the K-band extinction, and found to be consistent with the diffuse interstellar medium, in contrast with Serpens and NGC 1333. We posit that the high photoionizing flux of massive stars in RCW 38 affects the agglomeration of the dust grains.

To create new functional materials for advanced technologies, control over their hierarchical structures and orders is vital for obtaining the desired properties. We utilized and functionalized fullerene (C60) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), and assembled these particles with polymers to form those hierarchical structures. The structures of these assemblies along with the resulting ordered structures were analyzed to determine their structure-property relationships. One of the most illustrating examples is a series of novel giant surfactants and lipids possessing a well-defined amphiphilic head and polymeric tails. Various architectures of this class of materials have been constructed and their self-assembly processes in solution, in the condensed bulk and thin films have been investigated. Another set of examples are ``nano-atoms.'' These classes of molecules are designed to possess features of molecular Janus particles with various symmetry breakings. When specific interactions are introduced, these ``nano-atoms'': are functioned as building blocks to construct different amplified molecules and further to self-assemble into hierarchical ordered structures. Their thermodynamic phase diagrams and kinetic pathways are explored to understand this new class of materials and their potential applications in modern technologies.

We utilize for the first time Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging to examine the structural properties of galaxies in the rest-frame U - V versus V - J diagram (i.e., the UVJ diagram) using a sample at 0.6 10.25). The use of the UVJ diagram as a tool to distinguish quiescent galaxies from star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is becoming more common due to its ability to separate red quiescent galaxies from reddened SFGs. Quiescent galaxies occupy a small and distinct region of UVJ color space and we find most of them to have concentrated profiles with high Sérsic indices (n > 2.5) and smooth structure characteristic of early-type systems. SFGs populate a broad but well-defined sequence of UVJ colors and are comprised of objects with a mix of Sérsic indices. Interestingly, most UVJ-selected SFGs with high Sérsic indices also display structure due to dust and star formation typical of the n large degree by the mass of the galaxy and its inclination. Systems that are closer to edge-on generally display redder colors and lower [O II]?3727 luminosity per unit mass as a consequence of the reddening due to dust within the disks. We conclude that the two main features seen in UVJ color space correspond closely to the traditional morphological classes of early- and late-type galaxies. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

This paper presents an original model-based testing approach that takes a UML behavioural view of the system under test and automatically generates test cases and executable test scripts according to model coverage criteria. This approach is embedded in the LEIRIOS Test Designer tool and is currentl...

15 and Rational's Rose 14 do not adequately bridge the gaps between UML notations. The generation of ... use of a domain theory allows us to merge these scenar- ios in a way such that .... In current practice, ambiguities are often resolved by ...

Jan 9, 2009 ... Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML .... Framework 2.0 - Web-Based Client DevelopmentTP70528CS_ENG ..... Automated Installation of Windows Vista mv_mvmo_a05_it_enus ...... Bluetooth and HomeRF ......................................... ..21937_ENG ... Wireless Networking Basics for the Home and ...

In the search for an efficient producer of cellulolytic enzymes, Acremonium cellulolyticus strain C-1 was subjected to mutagenesis using UV-irradiation and N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and strain CF-2612 was isolated. Strain CF-2612 exhibited higher filter paperase (FPase) activities (17.8 U/ml) than the parent strain C-1 (12.3 U/ml). Soluble protein production and beta-glucosidase activity from strain CF-2612 were also significantly improved. FPase activity, cellulase productivity and yield of CF-2612 using batch culture with 5% Solka Floc in a 2-l jar fermentor at 30 degrees C reached 18.0 U/ml, 150.0 FPU/l/h and 360.0 FPU/g carbohydrate, respectively; when fed-batch culture was used with Solka Floc, these values reached 34.6 U/ml, 240.3 FPU/l/h and 346.0 FPU/g carbohydrate, respectively. It was observed that more hydrolyzed glucose was released from pretreated eucalyptus with the enzyme of strain CF-2612, compared with that of the commercial cellulase GC-220. This result was attributed to the higher ratio of beta-glucosidase/FPase activity of strain CF-2612. Three distinguishable phases including the periods of primary or second mycelial growth and mycelial fragmentation were proposed in batch culture by A. cellulolyticus. PMID:19269588

The development of an MSC (Message Sequence Chart) based graphical representation of TTCN (Tree and Tabular Combined Notation) is part of the ETSI project STF 156 on 'Specification of a Message Sequence Chart/UML format, including validation for TTCN-3'. Important language constructs of TTCN can be ...

#Rhizopus delemar$ was grown in a submerged culture and produced a lipase at 14 U/ml. It was compared with solid state fermentation with a polymeric resin (Amberlite). The lipase was produced and simultaneously adsorbed on the support : 96 U/g initial dry matter were obtained when dextrin was used a...

KeY is a tool that provides facilities for formal specification and verification of programs within a commercial platform for UML based software development. Using the KeY tool, formal methods and object-oriented development techniques are applied in an integrated manner. Formal specification is per...

Business process modeling (BPM) is gaining attention as a measure of analysis and improvement of the business process. BPM analyses the current business process as an AS-IS model and solves problems to improve the current business and moreover it aims to create a business process, which produces values, as a TO-BE model. However, researches of techniques that connect the business process improvement acquired by BPM to the implementation of the information system seamlessly are rarely reported. If the business model obtained by BPM is converted into UML, and the implementation can be carried out by the technique of UML, we can expect the improvement in efficiency of information system implementation. In this paper, we describe a method of the system development, which converts the process model obtained by BPM into UML and the method is evaluated by modeling a prototype of a parts procurement system. In the evaluation, comparison with the case where the system is implemented by the conventional UML technique without going via BPM is performed.

Il a été relevé dans de nombreux travaux, que la communication entre les experts de chaque domaine est l'un des points clef du développement des nouveaux systèmes complexes. Pour relever ce défi dans l'industrie logiciel, l'OMG (Object Management Group) a développé l'UML (Unified Modelling Language)...

A number of computational measures for determining semantic similarity between pairs of biomedical concepts have been developed using various standards and programming platforms. In this paper, we introduce two new open-source frameworks based on the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). These fra...

We will skip release of NCI Metathesaurus containing February NCI Thesaurus 2006_02D data due to ongoing editing of the UMLS2005AB update. Next release version of NCI Metathesaurus will contain either NCI Thesaurus 2006_03D (March data) or the April data.

Objective: It is well known that the serum level of KL-6 can be an indicator of disease activity in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP). However, surgical lung biopsy is often required for the diagnosis of IP, although this can result in IP exacerbation. Methods: The effect of surgical lung biopsy on the serum level of KL-6 in patients with IP was analyzed. Thirty-two cases of IP were examined in this study. There were no cases showing exacerbation of IP. Results: The serum level of KL-6 demonstrated 1067±550 U/ml (mean±SD) before lung biopsy, 991±471 U/ml a day, 824±377 U/ml 4 days and 826±384 U/ml 7 days after lung biopsy. The serum KL-6 levels on the 1st, 4th, 7th day after the lung biopsy were significantly lower than that before the lung biopsy (P Conclusion: Surgical lung biopsy of patients with IP has little effect on the increase in serum KL-6 levels. An elevation of serum KL-6 after surgical lung biopsy may indicate exacerbation of IP.   

This paper deals with aspects related to modeling of system configurations, which are very useful for describing various states of an embedded system, from both structural and operational viewpoints. We discuss in detail the current proposition of the UML MARTE profile via some examples, and point o...

We report near- and mid-infrared (IR) images of the southern hemisphere dark cloud DC 296.2-3.6 associated with IRAS 11431 - 6516. The Ks and L' images show the presence of an IR nebulosity at the center of the dark cloud (DC). From the analysis of the near-IR color-color diagrams we have identified a young stellar population in the region. Five of these young stellar objects, here named A, B, C, D, and E, were also detected in the mid-IR. Sources B, D, and E are Class I-II T Tauri as suggested by the analysis of their spectral energy distributions. In addition, source E shows a long-term near-IR variability. The near-IR color-color diagrams indicate the presence of circumstellar dust envelope in sources A, B, D, and E, while the fit of SEDs of the intermediate- and low-mass objects A and B with a radiation transfer model including infalling envelope+disk+central source suggests circumstellar disks around these two objects. These results indicate that DC 296.2-3.6, located in the far Carina arm, is associated with an embedded cluster of low-mass young stellar objects.

In this manuscript we study type $A$ nilpotent Hessenberg varieties equipped with a natural $S^1$-action using techniques introduced by Tymoczko, Harada-Tymoczko, and Bayegan-Harada, with a particular emphasis on a special class of nilpotent Springer varieties corresponding to the partition $\\lambda= (n-2,2)$ for $n \\geq 4$. First we define the adjacent-pair matrix corresponding to any filling of a Young diagram with $n$ boxes with the alphabet $\\{1,2,...,n\\}$. Using the adjacent-pair matrix we make more explicit and also extend some statements concerning highest forms of linear operators in previous work of Tymoczko. Second, we construct an explicit bijection between the $S^1$-fixed points of a nilpotent Hessenberg variety $\\Hess(N,h)$ associated to a nilpotent operator $N$ and Hessenberg function $h$ and the set of $(h,\\lambda_N)$-permissible fillings of the Young diagram $\\lambda_N$. Third, we use poset pinball, the combinatorial game introduced by Harada and Tymoczko, to study the $S^1$-equivariant cohomo...

Abstract in portuguese OBJETIVO: Determinar os parametros clínicos e laboratoriais e a progressão para a necessidade de insulina em dois grupos de pacientes com LADA, divididos de acordo com os títulos de GADA, e avaliar o benefício da insulinização precoce naqueles com risco elevado de falência prematura das células beta (títulos altos de GADA). MÉTODOS: Dentre os pacientes adultos com diabetes (DM) seguidos em nosso serviço e rastreados para GADA no diagnóstico, 54 foram diagnosti (more) cados com LADA e classificados como tendo títulos de GADA baixos (> 1 U/ml e 17,2 U/ml). A comparação foi feita com 54 pacientes selecionados com DM tipo 2 (GADA-). Além disso, 24 pacientes com títulos de GADA > 20 U/ml, mas que não foram insulinizados no início, foram comparados com 16 outros que foram insulinizados desde o diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: A resistência à insulina foi maior no grupo GADA-, seguidos por aqueles com títulos baixos de GADA. O IMC, a frequência de hipertensão arterial, os triglicérides elevados e o HDL-colesterol reduzido foram menores no grupo com títulos elevados de GADA, sem diferença entre os GADA- ou com baixos títulos de GADA. O grupo com títulos elevados de GADA mostrou uma redução maior e menores níveis de peptídeo C, tendo requerido insulina mais precocemente durante o seguimento. Pacientes com títulos de GADA > 20 U/ml e precocemente insulinizados não apresentaram variações significantes nos níveis de peptídeo C, tiveram melhor controle glicêmico e requereram doses mais baixas de insulina do que aqueles que foram insulinizados mais tardiamente. CONCLUSÃO: Nós concordamos que pacientes com LADA devem ser diferenciados com base nos títulos de GADA e que aqueles com títulos > 20 U/ml beneficiam-se de insulinização precoce. Abstract in english OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and laboratory parameters and the progression to insulin requirement in two groups of LADA patients separated according to GADA titers, and to evaluate the benefit of early insulinization in patients at high risk of premature beta-cell failure (high GADA titers). METHODS: Among the diabetic adults seen at our service and screened for GADA at diagnosis, 54 were diagnosed with LADA and classified as having low (> 1 U/ml and (more) or high (> 17.2 U/ml) GADA titers. Fifty-four patients with type 2 diabetes (GADA-) were selected for comparison. In addition, 24 patients who had GADA titers > 20 U/ml and who were not initially insulinized were compared to 16 patients who were insulinized at diagnosis. RESULTS: Insulin resistance was higher in the GADA- group, followed by patients with low GADA titers. BMI and the frequency of arterial hypertension, elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol were lower in the high GADA+ group, with no difference between the GADA- or low GADA+ groups. The high GADA+ group showed a greater reduction and lower levels of C-peptide and required insulin earlier during follow-up. Patients with GADA titers > 20 U/ml and insulinized early presented no significant variation in C-peptide levels, had better glycemic control and required a lower insulin dose than patients who were insulinized later. CONCLUSION: We agree that patients with LADA should be differentiated on the basis of GADA titers and that patients with GADA titers > 20 U/ml benefit from early insulinization.

The results of the investigation into the effect of structure on the variation of yield stresses and fracture toughness of a number of austenitic steels at the temperatures of suppression and evolution of the martensitic transformation are generalized taking into account their chemical composition and mode of loading. The correlations are established between the structural characteristics of steels of the class under consideration and the parameters of the analytic expressions for their stress?strain diagrams that determine the conditions for the competitive influence of the austenite strength, the intensity of the formation process of deformation-induced martensite, its amount and the strength of the strain hardening of the material. The specific character of creating its fracture toughne...

A covariant theory of wave packets and its application to the quantum field method of calculation of the probabilities of neutrino oscillations in vacuum that is based on the technique of macroscopic Feynman diagrams, which describe the processes of emission and absorption of virtual massive neutrinos ? i (i = 1, 2, 3) at macroscopicly separated space-time points, is considered. The effect of flavor oscillations is reduced to an interference of amplitudes with different vi in an intermediate state. A macroscopic amplitude is calculated that describes a class of processes which go with nonconservation of leptonic numbers, and statistical averaging of the squared modulus of this amplitude is performed. The averaged probability of a process with ultrarelativistic neutrino exchange is represen...

Low-temperature electronic properties of the first all-organic donor-acceptor-type superconducting system, (BETS)2(X2TCNQ) [X=Cl, Br] under high pressure have been investigated by means of resistivity and 1H NMR experiments. The crystal structure of this class of complexes is characterized by a twin-columnar structure of BETS without intra-columnar dimerization at room temperature. Pressure-temperature phase diagrams are established for these compounds, where the electronic ground states are spin-density-wave (SDW's) insulators, except a narrow region of superconducting state in (BETS)2(Cl2TCNQ). A possible unified picture of the electronic states of the title compounds is discussed in terms of hydrostatic pressure effects and chemical substitution ones on them.   

Transforming integrity constraints into active rules or triggers for verifying database consistency produces a serious and complex problem related to real time behaviour that must be considered for any implementation. Our main contribution to this work is to provide a complete approach for deriving the active mechanisms for Relational Databases from the specification of the integrity constraints by using OCL. This approach is designed in accordance with the MDA approach which consists of transforming the specified OCL clauses into a class diagram into SQL:2003 standard triggers, then transforming the standard triggers into target DBMS triggers. We believe that developing triggers and plugging them into a given model is insufficient because the behaviour of such triggers is invisible to the...

Even seemingly simple drawings, diagrams, and sketches are hard for computer programs to interpret, because these inputs can be highly variable in several respects. This variability corrupts the expected mapping between a prior model of a configuration and an instance of it in the scene. We propose a scheme for representing ambiguity explicitly, within a subgraph matching framework, that limits its impact on the computational and program complexity of matching. First, ambiguous alternative structures in the input are explicitly represented by coupled subgraphs of the data graph, using a class of segmentation post-processing operations termed graph elaboration. Second, the matching process enforces mutual exclusion constraints among these coupled alternatives, and preferences or rankings associated with them enable better matches to be found early on by a constrained optimization process. We describe several elaboration processes, and extend a straightforward constraint-based subgraph matching scheme to elaborated data graphs. The discussion focuses on the domain of human stick figures in diverse poses.

We study the influence of fluctuations in molecular shape on the stability of the biaxial nematic phase by generalizing the mean field model of Mulder and Ruijgrok [Physica A {\\bf 113}, 145 (1982)]. We limit ourselves to the case when the molecular shape anisotropy, represented by the alignment tensor, is a random variable of an annealed type. A prototype of such behavior can be found in lyotropic systems - a mixture of potassium laurate, 1-decanol, and $D_2O$, where distribution of the micellar shape adjusts to actual equilibrium conditions. Further examples of materials with the biaxial nematic phase, where molecular shape is subject to fluctuations, are thermotropic materials composed of flexible trimeric- or tetrapod-like molecular units. Our calculations show that the Gaussian equilibrium distribution of the variables describing molecular shape (dispersion force) anisotropy gives rise to new classes of the phase diagrams, absent in the original model. Depending on properties of the shape fluctuations, th...

We explore the dynamical response, under Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) deformation, of a new class of constitutive models (denoted generically VCM) designed to describe entangled solutions of wormlike micellar solutions or concentrated polymer solutions. The goal is to investigate the applicability of LAOS as a test protocol for determining the rheological properties of entangled fluids and the onset of shear banding events that are observed experimentally. The VCM family of models show that shear-banding transitions will develop in LAOS experiments at a frequency-dependent critical strain. The velocity and stress field exhibit a complex dynamical response that varies with both the frequency and amplitude of the forcing. The rheological response of the different states that are observed can be represented in terms of a Pipkin diagram together with Lissajous figures (phase plane portraits).

In this work we introduce the discrete-space broken line process (with discrete and continues parameter values) and derive some of its properties. We explore polygonal Markov fields techniques developed by Arak-Surgailis. The discrete version is presented first and a natural continuum generalization to a continuous object living on the discrete lattice is then proposed and studied. The broken lines also resemble the Young diagram and the Hammersley's process and are useful for computing last passage percolation values and finding maximal oriented paths. For a class of passage time distributions there is a family of boundary conditions that make the process stationary and self-dual. For such distributions there is a law of large numbers and the process extends to the infinite lattice. A proof of Burke's theorem emerges from the construction. We present a simple proof of the explicit law of large numbers for last passage percolation as an application. Finally we show that the exponential and geometric distribut...

In the framework of direct perturbation theory a fully self-consistent approximation beyond the well known NCA will be presented for the Anderson Model. The resummation of a class of skeleton diagrams up to infinite order in V includes all contribution up to the order O(1/N^2) ( N = degeneracy of the magnetic state). Qualitative improvements in maintaining local Fermi-Liquid relations and one-particle spectral properties in comparison to the well known NCA will be reported. The location and temperature dependence of the AS-resonance for the case N=2 is found to be rather close to the chemical potential in excellent agreement with Friedel's sum rule; the static magnetic susceptibility exhibits the same N-dependence as the exact {\\em Bethe-Ansatz} solution.

The harmonic analysis of two types of proteins with cylindrical symmetry is performed by the Standard Force Field Normal Mode Analysis and by the elastic network model. For both proteins the global elastic modes are assigned to their characteristic topologies. Dronpa is a rigid b-barrel structure, presenting the twisting, bending and breathing motion of a cylindrical rod. The b sliding clamp of Escherichia coli is a hexagonal b-wheel, consisting of rigid segments. In its spectrum four classes of vibrations are identified which are characteristic of an elastic torus. Correlation diagrams and RMSF analysis are compared. The results provide not only a comprehensive validation of the use of both methods to describe the elastic behavior according to the low-frequency normal modes, but also depi...

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is not an easy subject to learn. There are many challenges confronting students when studying OOAD. Students have particular difficulty abstracting real-world problems within the context of OOAD. They are unable to effectively build object-oriented (OO) models from the problem domain because they essentially do not know "what" to model. This article investigates the difficulties and misconceptions undergraduate students have with analysing systems using unified modelling language analysis class and sequence diagrams. These models were chosen because they represent important static and dynamic aspects of the software system under development. The results of this study will help students produce effective OO models, and facilitate software engineering lecturers design learning materials and approaches for introductory OOAD courses. (Contains 2 notes, 8 tables, and 13 figures.)

We investigate special classes of polynomials in the quantum mechanical position and momentum operators arising from various operator orderings, in particular from the so-called {mu}-orderings generalizing well-known operator orderings in quantum mechanics such as the Weyl ordering, the normal ordering, etc. Viewing orderings as maps from the polynomial algebra on the phase space to the Weyl algebra generated by the quantum mechanical position and momentum operators we formulate conditions under which these maps intertwine certain naturally defined actions of the Lie algebra sl{sub 2}. These conditions arise via certain regularities in coefficients defining the orderings which can nicely be described in terms of some combinatorial objects called here 'inverted Pascal diagrams'. At the end we establish a connection between radial elements in the Weyl algebra and certain polynomials of the 'number operator' expressible in terms of the hypergeometric function. This is related to another representation of sl{sub 2}, realized in terms of difference operators.

Systematic investigation of the electronic phase separation on macroscopic scale is reported in the organic Mott system ?-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br. Real space imaging of the phase separation is obtained by means of scanning micro-region infrared spectroscopy using the synchrotron radiation. The phase separation appears near the Mott boundary and changes its metal–insulator fraction with the substitution ratio x in ?-[(h-BEDT-TTF)1?x(d-BEDT-TTF)x]2Cu[N(CN)2]Br, of which band width is controlled by the substitution ratio x between the hydrogenated BEDT-TTF molecule (h-BEDT-TTF) and the deuterated one (d-BEDT-TTF). The phase separation phenomenon observed in this class of organics is considered on the basis of the strongly correlated electronic phase diagram with the first order Mott transition.   

The phase transitions in the transverse field Ising model in a competing spatially modulated (periodic and oscillatory) longitudinal field are studied numerically. There is a multiphase point in absence of the transverse field where the degeneracy for a longitudinal field of wavelength $\\lambda$ is $(\\frac {1 + \\sqrt{5}}{2})^{2N/\\lambda}$ for a system with $N$ spins, an exact result obtained from the known result for $\\lambda =2$. The phase transitions in the $\\Gamma $ (transverse field) versus $h_0$ (amplitude of the longitudinal field) phase diagram are obtained from the vanishing of the mass gap $\\Delta$. We find that for all the phase transition points obtained in this way, $\\Delta $ shows finite size scaling behaviour signifying a continuous phase transition everywhere. The values of the critical exponents show that the model belongs to the universality class of the two dimensional Ising model. The longitudinal field is found to have the same scaling behaviour as that of the transverse field, which seems...

New expressions for ON and NS calibrations (we call them ON11 and NS11 calibrations) for the determination of oxygen and nitrogen abundances in HII regions are proposed. New criteria for the division of HII regions into three classes (hot, warm, and cold) are also proposed. ON11 and NS11 calibrations provide more accurate determination of oxygen and nitrogen abundances from integrated emission spectra, in comparison with ON and NS calibrations. Oxygen and nitrogen abundances are estimated for a sample of 57 470 SDSS galaxies using ON11 and NS11 calibrations. Strongline flux measurements for SDSS spectra of these galaxies are taken from the MPA/JHU catalog. A ?mass-metallicity? diagram for several redshift ranges is constructed. It is found that the interstellar medium of galaxies with high...

Abstract In this article we study the effect of energy parameters on minimum free energy (mfe) RNA secondary structures. Employing a simplified combinatorial energy model that is only dependent on the diagram representation and is not sequence-specific, we prove the following dichotomy result. Mfe structures derived via the Turner energy parameters contain only finitely many complex irreducible substructures, and just minor parameter changes produce a class of mfe structures that contain a large number of small irreducibles. We localize the exact point at which the distribution of irreducibles experiences this phase transition from a discrete limit to a central limit distribution and, subsequently, put our result into the context of quantifying the effect of sparsification of the folding o...

Several families of elastic anisotropies were introduced by Saint Venant (1863) for which the polar diagram of elastic parameters in different directions of the material (indicator surface) are ellipsoidal. These families recover a large variety of models introduced in recent years for damaged materials or as effective modulus of heterogeneous materials. On the other hand, ellipsoidal anisotropy has been used as a guideline in phenomenological modeling of materials. A question that then naturally arises is to know in which conditions the assumption that some indicator surfaces are ellipsoidal allows one to entirely determine the elastic constants. This question has not been rigorously studied in the literature. In this paper, first several basic classes of ellipsoidal anisotropy are presented. Then the problem of determination of the elastic parameters from indicator surfaces is discussed in several basic cases that can occur in phenomenological modelling. Finally the compatibility between the assumption of e...

We present a calculation of interference effects in Hjj production via gluon fusion and via vector boson fusion, respectively, beyond tree level. We reproduce results recently discussed in the literature, but go beyond this calculation by including a class of diagrams not considered previously. Special care is taken in developing a numerically stable and flexible parton level Monte-Carlo program which allows us to study cross sections and kinematic distributions within experimentally relevant selection cuts. Loop-induced interference contributions are found to exhibit kinematical distributions different in shape from vector boson fusion. Due to the small interference cross section and cancelation among different quark flavor contributions their impact on the signal process is found to be negligible in all regions of phase space, however.

We show that choosing appropriate distributions of the randomness, the search for optimal paths links diverse problems of disordered media like directed percolation, invasion percolation, directed and non-directed spanning polymers. We also introduce a simple and efficient algorithm, which solves the d-dimensional model numerically in order N^(1+d_f/d) steps where d_f is the fractal dimension of the path. Using extensive simulations in two dimensions we identify the phase boundaries of the directed polymer universality class. A new strong-disorder phase occurs where the optimum paths are self-affine with parameter-dependent scaling exponents. Furthermore, the phase diagram contains directed and non-directed percolation as well as the directed random walk models at specific points and lines.

This paper deals with the use of POD-based reduced order models to construct bifurcation diagrams (which requires calculating steady and time-dependent attractors) in complex bifurcation problems involving dissipative systems. The method proposed in the paper relies on the observation that POD manifolds resulting from snapshots calculated in time-dependent runs for specific values of the parameters of the problem also contain the attractors for other values of the parameters. The reason for this property is explained for a general class of dissipative systems, which includes many problems of scientific/industrial interest. The consequence is that appropriate POD manifolds can be calculated in a quite computationally efficient way. The method is illustrated considering both a simple bifurcation problem for a Fisher-like equation and a fairly complex bifurcation problem for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation.

Since Edwin Hubble introduced his famous tuning fork diagram more than 70 years ago, spiral galaxies and early-type galaxies (ETGs) have been regarded as two distinct families. The spirals are characterized by the presence of disks of stars and gas in rapid rotation, while the early-types are gas poor and described as spheroidal systems, with less rotation and often non-axisymmetric shapes. The separation is physically relevant as it implies a distinct path of formation for the two classes of objects. I will give an overview of recent findings, from independent teams, that motivated a radical revision to Hubble's classic view of ETGs. These results imply a much closer link between spiral galaxies and ETGs than generally assumed.

We would like to present recent work, which is going to change three-decades old paradigm of perturbative QCD calculations, in which hard process matrix element calculated to LO+NLO(+NNLO) level is combined with: either the collinear PDF at LO+NLO(+NNLO) or with the Monte Carlo parton shower, but the MC PS restricted to LO only. For many years upgrading Monte Carlo parton shower to NLO level was regarded as unfeasible in practice or in principle, or both. In a series of the recent works we demonstrate that for NLO non-singlet subset of diagrams we are able to implement in the Monte Carlo PS the exact DGLAP evolution, without any approximation. This seminal work, after extending to complete NLO DGLAP, will lead to a new class of powerful techniques of combining re-summed and finite order pQCD calculations in a form of Monte Carlo event generators for W/Z production at hadron collider experiments. (authors)

To prepare for this activity, students have been introduced in class and through readings in their textbook to basic crustal deformation processes and landforms including: kinds of stress and strain, surface expressions, and types of faults and folds. Students also have some previous experience navigating in and controlling views in Google Earth. In Lab, students use their personal or lab computers equipped with Google Earth to view a number of specific locations within the United States that have folded or faulted landforms. Each location and landform includes some additional background information and a series of questions that ask the student to 1) review learned knowledge of processes and landforms, 2) identify real topographic expressions of processes and landforms, thus practicing the terminology, and 3) create new understanding of the processes that formed specific landforms. This exercise helps students to move from viewing simple textbook diagrams of crustal deformation processes and landforms to recognizing these elements in real landscape settings.

Pulsed-laser-induced quenching of ferromagnetic order has intrigued researchers since pioneering works in the 1990s. It was reported that demagnetization in gadolinium proceeds within 100 ps, but three orders of magnitude faster in ferromagnetic transition metals such as nickel. Here we show that a model based on electron-phonon-mediated spin-flip scattering explains both timescales on equal footing. Our interpretation is supported by ab initio estimates of the spin-flip scattering probability, and experimental fluence dependencies are shown to agree perfectly with predictions. A phase diagram is constructed in which two classes of laser-induced magnetization dynamics can be distinguished, where the ratio of the Curie temperature to the atomic magnetic moment turns out to have a crucial role. We conclude that the ultrafast magnetization dynamics can be well described disregarding highly excited electronic states, merely considering the thermalized electron system. PMID:20010830

We present high statistics simulations of weighted lattice bond animals and lattice trees on the square lattice, with fugacities for each non-bonded contact and for each bond between two neighbouring monomers. The simulations are performed using a newly developed sequential sampling method with resampling, very similar to the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) used for linear chain polymers. We determine with high precision the line of second order transitions from an extended to a collapsed phase in the resulting 2-dimensional phase diagram. This line includes critical bond percolation as a multicritical point, and we verify that this point divides the line into two different universality classes. One of them corresponds to the collapse driven by contacts and includes the collapse of (weakly embeddable) trees, but the other is {\\it not yet} bond driven and does not contain the Derrida-Herrmann model as special point. Instead it ends at a multicritical point $P^*$ where a transition line between two col...

We study the one dimensional three species monomer-monomer reaction model in the reaction controlled limit using mean-field theory and dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. The phase diagram consists of a reactive steady state bordered by three equivalent adsorbing phases where the surface is saturated with one monomer species. The transitions from the reactive phase are all continuous, while the transitions between adsorbing phases are first-order. Bicritical points occur where the reactive phase simultaneously meets two adsorbing phases. The transitions from the reactive to an adsorbing phase show directed percolation critical behaviour, while the universal behaviour at the bicritical points is in the even branching annihilating random walk class. The results are contrasted and compared to previous results for the adsorption-controlled limit of the same model.

Context : Despite the low cosmic abundance of deuterium (D/H ~ 1e-5), large degrees of deuterium fractionation in molecules are observed in star forming regions with enhancements that can reach 13 orders of magnitude, which current models have difficulties to account for. Aims : Multi-isotopologue observations are a very powerful constraint for chemical models. The aim of our observations is to understand the processes forming the observed large abundances of methanol and formaldehyde in low-mass protostellar envelopes (gas-phase processes ? chemistry on the grain surfaces ?) and better constrain the chemical models. Methods : Using the IRAM 30m single-dish telescope, we observed deuterated formaldehyde (HDCO and D2CO) and methanol (CH2DOH, CH3OD, and CHD2OH) towards a sample of seven low-mass class 0 protostars. Using population diagrams, we then derive the fractionation ratios of these species (abundance ratio between the deuterated molecule and its main isotopologue) and compare them to the predictions of ...

Making diagrams of the relationships among data is not a new idea: however, the utility of computerized hypertext techniques makes the task more feasible, on a wider scale of data. Data maps using "EntryWay" (a hypertext editing program) were made based on qualitative data from eight different research projects, including: a discourse analysis of 100 postings on an electronic bulletin board; transcripts of interviews with students; transcripts of lessons for preservice teachers on the nature of learning in music classes; transcripts of videotapes of mathematics lessons, and observation notes of preschool children at play. From the eight studies, four specific uses for data maps emerged: (1) as navigational aids; (2) as prompts for further investigation; (3) as demonstrations of relationships; and (4) as cognitive supports. Data maps add a new tool for researchers in the visualization, analysis, and display of their data. (Fifteen figures representing data maps are included.) (RS)

Amphiphiles are molecules which have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. In water- and/or oil-like solvent, they self-assemble into extended sheet-like structures due to the hydrophobic effect. The free energy of an amphiphilic system can be written as a functional of its interfacial geometry, and phase diagrams can be calculated by comparing the free energies following from different geometries. Here we focus on bicontinuous structures, where one highly convoluted interface spans the whole sample and thereby divides it into two separate labyrinths. The main models for surfaces of this class are triply periodic minimal surfaces, their constant mean curvature and parallel surface companions, and random surfaces. We discuss the geometrical properties of each of these types of surfaces and how they translate into the experimentally observed phase behavior of amphiphilic systems.

The field of hybrid organic-inorganic materials has grown drastically over the last several years. This interest stems from our ever-increasing ability to custom-build and control molecular structure at several length scales. This ability to control both the composition and structure of hybrid materials is sometimes broadly referred to as nanocomposite systems. One class of hybrid (organic-inorganic) nanostructured material is polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), shown in the preceding diagram. The hybrid composition gives POSS materials dramatically enhanced properties relative to traditional hydrocarbons and inorganics. An important benefit of this technology is that it makes possible the formulations of nanostructured chemicals with excellent thermal and oxidative stability. This is largely due to the inorganic component.

In this paper, we examine some basic properties of the multiple-Sine-Gordon (MSG) systems, which constitute a generalization of the celebrated sine-Gordon (SG) system. We start by showing how MSG systems can be viewed as a general class of periodic functions. Next, periodic and step-like solutions of these systems are discussed in some details. In particular, we study the static properties of such systems by considering slope and phase diagrams. We also use concepts like energy density and pressure to characterize and distinguish such solutions. We interpret these solutions as an interacting many body system, in which kinks and antikinks behave as extended particles. Finally, we provide a linear stability analysis of periodic solutions which indicates short wavelength solutions to be stable.

With new data from the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey, we confirm and expand the ONn category of late-O, nitrogen-enriched (N), rapidly rotating (n) giants. In particular, we have discovered two "clones" (HD 102415 and HD 117490) of one of the most rapidly rotating O stars previously known (HD 191423, "Howarth's Star"). We compare the locations of these objects in the theoretical HR Diagram to those of slowly rotating ON dwarfs and supergiants. All ON giants known to date are rapid rotators, whereas no ON dwarf or supergiant is; but all ON stars are small fractions of their respective spectral-type/luminosity-class/rotational subcategories. The ONn giants, displaying both substantial processed material and high rotation at an intermediate evolutionary stage, may provide significant information about the development of those properties. They may have preserved high initial rotational velocities or been spun up by TAMS core contraction; but alternatively and perhaps more likely, they may be products of bi...

Abstract New deep broad- and narrow-band (JHK and Br at 2.17 m and H2 at 2.12-m) near-infrared (near-IR) images of the mid-IR source G287.47-0.54 (Tr14-N4) taken with the Baade Magellan telescope are presented and analysed along with archive 3.6-8- m-Spitzer images. The analysis of these data demonstrates the presence of a compact (r- 23- arcsec, 0.3-pc), embedded IR cluster with at least 72 young members. The colour-magnitude diagram of the cluster suggests an age of approximately 105 years, consistent with the large fraction (-32 per cent) of embedded sources found to show significant excess emission at > 2 - m. The two youngest and most luminous sources are located close to the cluster nucleus. The properties of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) indicate that these are Class I ...

We study a Vicsek-style model of self-propelled particles where ferromagnetic and nematic alignment compete in both the usual “metric” version and in the “metric-free” case where a particle interacts with its Voronoi neighbors. We show that the phase diagram of this out-of-equilibrium XY model is similar to that of its equilibrium counterpart: The properties of the fully nematic model, studied before by Ginelli [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.104.184502 104, 184502 (2010)], are thus robust to the introduction of a modest bias of interactions toward ferromagnetic alignment. The direct transitions between polar and nematic ordered phases are shown to be discontinuous in the metric case, and continuous, belonging to the Ising universality class, in the metric-free version.

The Utility FGD Survey report, which is generated by a computerized data base system, represents a survey of operational and planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. The two volume set summarizes information contributed by the utility industry, system and equipment suppliers, system designers, research organizations, and regulatory agencies. The data cover system design, fuel characteristics, operating history, and actual system performance. Also included is a unit-by-unit discussion of problems and solutions associated with the boilers, scrubbers, and FGD systems. The development status (operational, under construction, or in the planning stages), system supplier, process, waste disposal practice, and regulatory class are tabulated alphabetically by utility company. Simplified process flow diagrams of FGD systems, definitions, and a glossary of terms are attached to the report. Current data for domestic FGD systems show 126 systems in operation, 24 systems under construction, and 65 systems planned. The current FGD-controlled capacity in the United States is 49,574 MW.

The Utility FGD Survey report, which is generated by a computerized data base system, represents a survey of operational and planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. The two volume set summarizes information contributed by the utility industry, system and equipment suppliers, system designers, research organizations, and regulatory agencies. The data cover system design, fuel characteristics, operating history, and actual system performance. Also included is a unit-by-unit discussion of problems and solutions associated with the boilers, scrubbers, and FGD systems. The development status (operational, under construction, or in the planning stages), system supplier, process, waste disposal practice, and regulatory class are tabulated alphabetically by utility company. Simplified process flow diagrams of FGD systems, definitions, and a glossary of terms are attached to the report. Current data for domestic FGD systems show 126 systems in operation, 24 systems under construction, and 65 systems planned. The current FGD-controlled capacity in the United States is 49,574 MW.

We study the magnetic and electronic properties of transition metal oxides in which the valency of the metal ions is modified electrochemically by Li intercalation/deintercalation. The electrochemical doping strongly affects the electronic and magnetic properties. One example is the evolution of superconductivity in the CuO{sub 2} planes of Li{sub x}Sr{sub 2}CuO{sub 2}Br{sub 2}. Electron doping is realized by Li-intercalation and superconductivity is found below 9 K. Electrochemical treatment hence allows studying the electronic phase diagram of this new electron doped cuprate superconductor. Another relevant class of materials under study are mixed valent vanadium-oxide multiwall nanotubes which represent a technologically relevant material for lithium-ion batteries. Upon electron doping of VO{sub x}-NTs, our data confirm a higher number of magnetic V{sup 4+} sites. Interestingly, room temperature ferromagnetism evolves after electrochemical intercalation of Li making VO{sub x}-NTs a novel type of self-assembled nanoscaled magnets.

We consider the problem of soft gluon resummation for gauge theory amplitudes and cross sections, at next-to-eikonal order, using a Feynman diagram approach. At the amplitude level, we prove exponentiation for the set of factorizable contributions, and construct effective Feynman rules which can be used to compute next-to-eikonal emissions directly in the logarithm of the amplitude, finding agreement with earlier results obtained using path-integral methods. For cross sections, we also consider sub-eikonal corrections to the phase space for multiple soft-gluon emissions, which contribute to next-to-eikonal logarithms. To clarify the discussion, we examine a class of log(1 - x) terms in the Drell-Yan cross-section up to two loops. Our results are the first steps towards a systematic generalization of threshold resummations to next-to-leading power in the threshold expansion.

The h, x-diagram of wet air is one of the most frequently used diagrams for heat engineering calculations. As the diagrams used up to now include simplifications which are inadmissible for exact calculations, the author has developed new h, x-diagrams for various pressure and temperature ranges. They include variables instead of the constant values assumed up to now.

Diagrams that occur in a power series expansion in density of the total and direct correlation functions are presented. Diagram expressions are also given for the first six virial coefficients. Values are given for certain of the diagrams for a hard sphere potential; these diagrams are sufficient to calculate numerical values for the flrst six virial coefficients as predicted by the Hyperchain approximation. (auth)

In this paper, a system named QuickDiagram is proposed for quick diagram input and understanding. With a user sketching a (complete or partial) component/symbol or a wire (connecting two components) of the diagram, the system can recognize and beautify it immediately. After the entire diagram is finished, certain understandings can be obtained. Especially, the following two methods are used to interpret the recognized diagram: 1) Nodal Analysis on resistive circuits, and 2) generation of PSpice codes from the recognized diagrams. Experiments on a few sketched circuit diagrams show that the results are robust and accurate for both recognition and understanding.

The geologic timescale is a cornerstone of the earth sciences. Versions are available from many sources, with the following being of particular interest: (i) The official International Stratigraphic Chart (ISC) is maintained by the International Commission for Stratigraphy (ICS), following principles developed over the last 40 years. ICS provides the data underlying the chart as part of a specialized software package, and the chart itself as a PDF using the standard colours; (ii) ITC Enschede has developed a representation of the timescale as a thesaurus in SKOS, used in a Web Map Service delivery system; (iii) JPL's SWEET ontology includes a geologic timescale. This takes full advantage of the capabilities of OWL. However, each of these has limitations - The ISC falls down because of incompatibility with web technologies; - While SKOS supports multilingual labelling, SKOS does not adequately support timescale semantics, in particular since it does not include ordering relationships; - The SWEET version (as of version 2) is not fully aligned to the model used by ICS, in particular not recognizing the role of the Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Point (GSSP). Furthermore, it is distributed as static documents, rather than through a dynamic API using SPARQL. The representation presented in this paper overcomes all of these limitations as follows: - the timescale model is formulated as an OWL ontology - the ontology is directly derived from the UML representation of the ICS best practice proposed by Cox & Richard [2005], and subsequently included as the Geologic Timescale package in GeoSciML (http://www.geosciml.org); this includes links to GSSPs as per the ICS process - key properties in the ontology are also asserted to be subProperties of SKOS properties (topConcept and broader/narrower relations) in order to support SKOS-based queries; SKOS labelling is used to support multi-lingual naming and synonyms - the International Stratigraphic Chart is implemented as a set of instances of classes from the ontology, and published through a SPARQL end-point - the elements of the Stratigraphic chart are linked to the corresponding elements in SWEET (Raskin et al., 2011) and DBpedia to support traceability between different commonly accessed representations. The ontology builds on standard geospatial information models, including the Observations and Measurements model (ISO 19156), and GeoSciML. This allows the ages given in the chart to be linked to the evidence basis found in the associated GeoSciML features.

Abstract in spanish Para medir el grado de protección inducido por vacunas antimeningocócicas se ha establecido el Ensayo Bactericida en Suero (EBS) y se perfeccionan otros ensayos inmunobiológicos, sin embargo, es necesario contar con pruebas sencillas como el ELISA, capaz de evaluar un gran número de muestras. Se estimó el nivel de corte de los ELISAs para la cuantificación de IgG humana contra los antígenos de VA-MENGOC-BC, vacuna antimeningocócica compuesta por vesículas proteic (more) as de membrana externa de meningococo B y polisacárido capsular de meningococo C, con respecto a un panel de muestras de suero de lactantes, caracterizado por Ensayo Bactericida en Sangre Total (EBST). Los valores correspondientes a la máxima sensibilidad y especificidad fueron respectivamente; 2 ?g/mL y 12 ?g/mL para antipolisacárido C, y 1000 U/mL y 7000 U/mL para antiproteínas de membrana externa. La mayor coincidencia se obtuvo con 6 ?g/mL y 2500 U/mL. Se evaluó otro panel de muestras de suero de adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años, por ELISA y EBS para Neisseria meningitidis serogrupos B y C, alcanzándose una buena concordancia. Doce años después de la inmunización con VA-MENGOC-BC persiste una importante concentración de anticuerpos contra los antígenos vacunales en los sueros estudiados. Abstract in english The Serum Bactericidal Assay (SBA) has been used to measure the protection elicited by meningococcal vaccines. Other immunobiological assays are being improved, however simple assays as ELISA, which are useful to test many samples are necessary. The cut off levels in the ELISAs for quantitation of human IgG against the antigens in VA-MENGOC-BC vaccine, prepared from outer membrane proteins of meningococcus B and capsular polysaccharide of meningococcus C, were assessed wi (more) th a panel of serum samples from infants, previously characterized by Whole-Blood Assay (WBA). The cut off levels corresponding with the greatest sensitivity and specificity were respectively 2 ?g/mL and 12 ?g/mL for polysaccharide C antibodies, and 1000 U/mL and 7000 U/mL for outer membrane protein antibodies. The highest coincidence was obtained with 6 ?g/mL, and 2500 U/mL. Another panel of serum samples from teenagers between 14 and 18 years old was tested by ELISA and SBA against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B and C; a good concordance was reached. A high concentration of specific antibodies persists twelve years after vaccination with VA-MENGOC-BC.

We investigate the young stellar population in and near the cometary globule Ori I-2. The analysis is based on deep Nordic Optical Telescope R-band and Halpha images, JCMT SCUBA 450 and 850 mum images combined with near-infrared Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometry and mid-infrared archival Spitzer images obtained with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC; 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 mum), and MIPS (24 and 70 mum) instruments. We identify a total of 125 sources within the 5'x5' region imaged by the IRAC. Of these sources, 87 are detected in the R-band image and 51 are detected in the 2MASS. The detailed physical properties of the sources are explored using a combination of near/mid-infrared color-color diagrams, graybody fitting of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and an online SED fitting tool that uses a library of two-dimensional radiation transfer based accretion models of young stellar objects with disks. Ori I-2 shows clear evidence of triggered star formation with four young low-luminosity pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars embedded in the globule. At least two, possibly as many as four, additional low-mass PMS objects were discovered in the field which are probably part of the young sigma Orionis cluster. Among the PMS stars which have formed in the globule, MIR-54 is a young, deeply embedded Class 0/I object; MIR-51 and 52 are young Class II sources, while MIR-89 is a more evolved, heavily extincted Class II object with its apparent colors mimicking a Class 0/I object. The Class 0/I object MIR-54 coincides with a previously known IRAS source and is a strong submillimeter source. It is most likely the source for the molecular outflow and the large parsec-scale Herbig-Haro (HH) flow. However, the nearby Class II source, MIR-52, which is strong a Halpha emission line star, also appears to drive an outflow approximately aligned with the outflow from MIR-54, and because of the proximity of the two outflows, either star could contribute. MIR-89 appears to excite a low-excitation HH object, HH 992, discovered for the first time in this study.