Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

More than two and a half years of monitoring of a passive house school and day-care centre in Frankfurt a. M. show comfortable indoor climate and good air quality. The space heat consumption is low and shows savings of approximately 90 % as compared to average existing schools. Excellent performance was also achieved in terms of primary energy. The results of further analyses of the efficient ventilation system with heat recovery, the perimeter insulation as an alternative to floor slab insulation and the influence of the air change due to the entrance door are presented. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Ueber zweieinhalb Jahre Monitoring einer Passivhaus-Schule und Kindertagesstaette (KiTa) in Frankfurt a.M. zeigt behagliche raumklimatische Bedingungen bei guten Luftqualitaeten. Die Heizwaermeverbrauchswerte liegen wie erwartet niedrig und zeigen Einsparungen um 90 % gegenueber dem Durchschnitt ...

Wastenet

...authority's and schools' prospectuses Finding a school to suit your child School performance: test results and Ofsted reports Applying for a school place Once you ... Finding a school to suit your child School performance: test results and Ofsted reports Applying for a school place: admissions criteria Apply for ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

As medical schools incorporate medical informatics into their curriculum the problems of implementation arise. Because there are no standards regarding a medical informatics curriculum, medical schools...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In many industrialised societies, women remain underrepresented in the sciences, which can be predicted by the gender gap in math achievement at school. Using PISA 2006 data, we explore the role of family background and single-sex schooling in girls' disadvantage in maths in South Korea and Hong Kong. This disadvantage is found to be associated with single-sex schooling, but not with family background. Attending a girls' school confers a benefit only in South Korea, whereas the gendered curriculum counteracts the selectivity advantage of girls' schools in Hong Kong. We find that a gendered social structure prevalent in both societies.

Science.gov (United States)

Team 6 Regimental Combat Team 8 Retired Activities Office Safety Division School of Infantry - East School of Infantry - West Second Low Altitude Air Defense Battalion Security...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the United Kingdom several educational buildings were built in the last decades with a strong environmental ethos, real icons of a new generation of low-energy sustainable buildings. For some of the buildings the performance was assessed. Also in the Netherlands several new concepts were developed for sustainable schools during the last years. This is an interesting topic as many of those schools had problems concerning energy efficiency, indoor air quality and thermal comfort. In the case of sustainable schools much effort was put into the design process of the schools to try to find better solutions to face the problems of the traditional designs. This resulted in different solution concepts, which raises the question which are better school concepts. From the literature three evaluations from the UK and one overview of five sustainable educational buildings from the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Based on the enhanced cooperation between Republic of Korea (ROK) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA installed new safeguards equipment (Unattended Monitoring System, UMS) at Wolsung unit 2 on January, 2005. The UMS was utilized in parallel with traditional human surveillance during the transfer campaign of Wolsung unit 2 (7 March - 22 July). Installation of UMS at all Wolsung units will be decided on the basis of the result of this test. The transfer campaign with UMS at Wolsung units 2 and 4 was started from September 1, 2006 at the same time. Implementation of UMS to the transfer campaign in Wolsung site will be considerably reduced the IAEA's inspection effort and burden of operator.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:19395606

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:19208697

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Most K-12 schools could save 25% of their energy costs by being smart about energy. Nationwide, the savings potential is $6 billion. While improving energy use in buildings and busses, schools are likely to create better places for teaching and learning, with better lighting, temperature control, acoustics, and air quality. This brochure, targeted to school facilities managers and business officials, describes how schools can become more energy efficient.

Science.gov (United States)

This paper is part of a study that assessed the level of commitment of primary schools of remote area dwellers (RADs) to basic education between October 2004 and April 2005. The research question focused on the level of commitment of schools to universal basic education, school-community partnership in school governance and parental involvement in the way the curriculum was delivered. Questionnaire and interviews were used. The results show a significant relationship between teachers' perceptions and variables such as district, qualifications, age, location, and experience. There is consistency between teachers' perceptions and children's academic performance. It has been found that learner achievement in RADs schools is low and that parents are not actively involved in their children's education due to the policy environment and school management practices.

Science.gov (United States)

... 041.034.0403 The Morphological Basis of the Armor-Like Folded Skin of the Greater Indian Rhinoceros ... hendo@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp ...

Science.gov (United States)

Imaging of NGC 7469 in the J, H, & K bands shows that the starburst 'ring' is a tight inner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This study sought to examine the association between adolescents’ relationship with family and school and depressive symptoms across ethnic/racial groups (White, Black, Hispanic, and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This article focuses on results of the systematic review from the Guide for Useful Interventions for Activity in Latin America project related to school-based...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

School buses contribute substantially to childhood air pollution exposures yet they are rarely quantified in epidemiology studies. This paper characterizes fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)...Full Text Available

Medline Plus

... Hospital & University Hospital Basel) If I Had - Pre-diabetes - Dr. Venkat Narayan, MD, MSc, MBA, Rollins School ... School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Discusses the Treatment of Diabetes Back to Home Page If I Had - A ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThis paper is based on data gathered from a 2006 survey of 1,098 "street children" in Northern Tanzania. It examines the role that school may play in preventing the migration...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Children Who Won't Go To School (Separation Anxiety) No. 7; Updated March 2011 Click here to ... and behaviors are common among children with separation anxiety disorder. The potential long-term effects (anxiety and ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese ... Authors Kuno, Yusuke; Esaka, Konomi (Tokyo Univ., Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo (Japan))

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Tohoku University, Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Miyagi (Japan)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Describes general trends in the quality of rural education: equivalent rural and urban performance on national standardized tests and high school graduation rates but continuing rural deficits in college attendance and teacher qualifications. Discusses the below-average performance of southern rural schools, factors affecting rural students' college attendance, and the influence of changing labor markets. (SV)

Wastenet

... The National Oceanography Centre, Southampton is one of the world's leading research centres for the study of ocean and earth sciences. Southampton General Hospital One of the country's leading teaching hospitals and the base for the University's School of Medicine. Winchester School of Art Founded in 1863, Winchester School of Art is based 12 miles (20 kilometres) north of Southampton in the historic city of Winchester,...

Science.gov (United States)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient content and cost of home-packed lunches to nutrient standards and prices for reimbursable school lunches. Methods: Researchers observed food and beverage contents of 333 home packed lunches at four north Texas elementary schools. Nutritionist Pro was used to analyze lunches for calories, total fat, saturated fat, protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, fiber, and sodium content. These values were then compared to National School Lunch Program (NSLP) standards and other nutrient standards. Cost of each home-packed lunch was estimated based on food prices at three local supermarkets. A one-sample t-test (p = 0.05) was used to compare nutrient values of home packed lunches to National School Lunch Program (NSLP) standards. A paired t-test was used to compare cost of home packed lunches to each school's full price ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The atomic masses of the alkali-metal isotopes "6Li,"2"3Na,"3"9","4"1K,"8"5","8"7Rb, and "1"3"3Cs have been obtained from measurements of cyclotron frequency ratios of pairs of ions simultaneously trapped in a Penning trap. The results, with one standard deviation uncertainty, are: M("6Li)=6.015 122 887 4(16)u,M("2"3Na)=22.989769 282 8(26)u,M("3"9K)=38.963 706 485 6(52)u,M("4"1K)=40.961 825 257 4(48)u,M("8"5Rb)=84.911 789739(9)u,M("8"7Rb)=86.909 180 535(10)u, and M("1"3"3Cs)=132.905 451 963(13)u. Our mass of "6Li yields an improved neutron separation energy for "7Li of 7251.1014(45) keV.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schools are key to achieving the goal of producing 20% of the nation's electricity demand. Most significantly, schools are training the scientists, technicians, businesspeople, decisionmakers, and teachers of the future. What students learn and believe about wind energy will impact the United States' ability to create markets and policy, develop and improve technology, finance and implement projects, and create change in all of our public and private institutions. In the nearer term, school districts have large facility costs, electrical loads, and utility costs. They are always in search of ways to reduce costs or obtain revenue to improve educational programs. Schools value teaching about the science and technology of renewable energy. They are important opinion leaders, particularly in rural communities. And their financial structures are quite different from other institutions ...

ScienceCinema

...and it's really a pleasure to ...you and ...and for ...was shelled and then doses of pleasure for me to ...and my director general ...? and journal article ? ...but and yeah well that's um ? ...and ...and what could be achieved ? what might be the consequences ...? and ...and ...and ...and ...and ...structural because and ...over and hopefully is also serve the purpose to get ...principles and ...and ...and ...how to use them and future ...and and that ...and purposes and that's very important ...you and ...and ...and in the future ? and yeah ...true and ...and ...just and and and and and the order of nuclear physics a ...useful and ...too much ? and ...portable comes from and ...and ...and ...and ...no more ? how to knowledge and the and ...and ...and and keep ever seen all of all ? ...and ...and ...and what you're ...and ...and ...and you and ...and ...and ...and so when you keep that and and ...and ...? and ...and ...and ...the problems and the other side ? ...

Science.gov (United States)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show how Nigeria's current Universal Basic Education on primary schooling targets Muslim "Almajiri" street boys for basic literacy acquisition. The paper examines the policy's management implementation practices and challenges, as well as provides policy options that may minimize discrepancies for effective management. Design/methodology/approach: The discussion is guided by preliminary qualitative studies using phenomenology research philosophy to better understand the social realities of the boys' schooling. Using a descriptive case study approach, two schools in a major city of northern Nigeria served as research sites. Data collection process involved informal interviews, active observations, and discussions with a purpose with four boys, and two teachers as primary participants. Data analysis engaged the generation of themes from the transcribed interview and personal ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper examines the availability and adequacy of schools' infrastructural facilities for implementation of the Universal Basic Education program in Nigeria. Adopting the "ex post facto" design, the researchers used existing school data on physical facilities, including a survey of key stakeholders in the education sector. Data analysed revealed inadequacy of physical facilities for effective implementation of the UBE program. It was accordingly recommended that government at the national, state and local levels show better commitment to the implementation of the Universal Basic Education program. (Contains 3 figures and 4 tables.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It was agreed that both of the Republic Of Korea (ROK) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cooperate with the new approach using the Unattended Monitoring Systems (UMS), the mailbox declaration and the short notice inspections, which can decrease the agency inspection efforts and operator' s burden. As a result of the positive cooperation of ROK for applying new approach, the IAEA could accomplish a successful implementation of new safeguards approach during last transfer campaigns at Wolsung site. As of the end of Feb. 2007, the IAEA installed the UMS at Wolsung units 2, 3 and 4. The transfer campaigns at Wolsung units 2 and 4 are performing from April, 2007. The IAEA will install the UMS at Wolsung unit 1 by the end of 2007. Then agency will inspect all of transfer campaign at Wolsung units by using new approach with UMS, mailbox declaration and SNI. It is based on the SSAC full ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Although private schools are available, universal basic education is generally regarded as involving certain benefits which are, external to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese ... Authors Utsunomiya, Hidetsuna (Fukuoka Univ. (Japan). School of Medicine); Nakamura, Yasuhiro

Science.gov (United States)

Drawing upon the cultural risk perspective and writings on risk taking, this paper seeks to develop ideas relating to the effective use of school cyberspace. It is argued that some individuals respond to exaggerated, yet seductive, discourses of online risks by over-blocking, unreasonably restricting students' Internet activity. At the same time, there are sensible, even compelling, motivations for teachers as well as students to use the school Internet to engage in low-level risk taking, fostering excitement, identity construction and networked media literacy. Connecting these seductive pushes and pulls of risk it is ultimately maintained that the fostering of trust through open communication is key in overcoming over-blocking whilst allowing for greater educational gains, realised in part through certain types of low-level risk taking in school cyberspace.

Science.gov (United States)

Jun 20, 2011 ... NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are offering high school students the opportunity to design experiments ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Materials Development Program TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Elementary - High School ... of technology education materials through its Instructional Materials Development (IMD) program. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... School of Plant Biology. v. 23(2) p. 316-322. carbon dioxide absorption carbon

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ABSTRACT This research examined whether the Internet improves life satisfaction. The study surveyed 195 college students, and a structural model was built to explain effects of the Internet on school life satisfaction using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In line with social cognitive theory and literature on social effects of the Internet, current data supported the hypotheses that Internet use, perceived online social support, and online social self-efficacy had direct positive impacts on school life satisfaction. Offline extroversion, online extroversion, online social self-efficacy, and online social outcome expectations influenced school life satisfaction indirectly: offline extroversion acted through social online self-efficacy and online extroversion; online social self-effica...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Lincoln Public School District, in Lincoln, Nebraska, recently installed vertical-bore geothermal heat pump systems in four, new, elementary schools. Because the district has consistent maintenance records and procedures, it was possible to study repair, service and corrective maintenance requests for 20 schools in the district. Each school studied provides cooling to over 70% of its total floor area and uses one of the following heating and cooling systems: vertical-bore geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), air-cooled chiller with gas-fired hot water boiler (ACUGHWB), water-cooled chiller with gas-fired hot water boiler (WCCYGHWB), or water-cooled chiller with gas-fired steam boiler (WCUGSB). Preventative maintenance and capital renewal activities were not included in the available database. GHP schools reported average total costs at 2.13 cents/ft{sup 2}-yr, followed by ACC/GHWB ...

Science.gov (United States)

green (both light and dark tones) and purple, bare areas are seen in ...... spatial scale continue to plague such efforts. Knowledge of the spatial ...

CERN Document Server

Preliminary experiments have been performed to investigate the effects of radiative cooling on plasma jets. Thin (3 um - 5 um) conical shells were irradiated with an intense laser, driving jets with velocities > 100 km/s. Through use of different target materials - aluminium, copper and gold - the degree of radiative losses was altered, and their importance for jet collimation investigated. A number of temporally resoved optical diagnostics was used, providing information about the jet evolution. Gold jets were seen to be narrower than those from copper targets, while aluminium targets produced the least collimated flows.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Exposure of teachers of physics to X-radiation emitted by instruments which are used for demonstrating rarefied gas discharges during physics lessons at secondary schools is discussed. The measurements performed provide an explicit evidence that an effective, annual exposure dose under the most unfavorable conditions does not exceed admissible levels according to Polish regulations pertaining to persons non-occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. (author). 3 refs,1 fig.

Wastenet

... (restricted)] 2009, Volume 39, Issue 5 523-529 Parents, peers, or school inputs: Which components of school outcomes are capitalized into house value? by Brasington, David M. & Haurin, Donald R. [Downloadable! (restricted)] 530-541 Trade liberalisation and agglomeration with firm heterogeneity: Forward and backward linkages by Okubo, Toshihiro [Downloadable! (restricted)] 542-552 Alternative measures of homeownership gaps across segregated ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundTo investigate the effects of a school-based physical activity-related injury prevention program, called 'iPlay', on risk behavior and neuromotor fitness.MethodsIn...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Project ``Middle School Integrated Science, Mathematics and Technology Curriculum`` had two goals: (1) to survey the literature of energy education; and (2) to develop a theme for a possible integrated middle school energy based curriculum. We aimed to respond to the challenge of developing thematic integrated curricula as advocated by the NSTA, AAAS and other organizations analyzing the future of American science and mathematics education. The survey of middle school energy curriculum materials has been completed. A list of the resources surveyed are included in this report. Though many energy based curriculum materials have been produced, none of them appears to be broadly disseminated throughout the country. Some energy based curriculum materials are far less well developed than others. We found that an integrated set of modular materials concerning the energy based theme of light and optics does not now exist. If ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many epidemiological studies have investigated residential exposure to extremely-low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) for children, but exposure at schools where children may stay up to 8 h every weekday was rarely considered. Between March and June 2004, we carried out a field study in Taipei City and County of northern Taiwan to explore ELF-MF exposure pattern among children at schools with high voltage transmission lines (HVTL) running through the campuses. One hundred and one children attending 14 schools with nearby HVTL (exposed group) and 123 children of 18 schools at least 100 m away from HVTL (unexposed group) were monitored for 24-hour personal ELF-MF exposure. Selected classrooms and playgrounds within the buffer regions (i.e., within 30 m of HVTL) and those away from the buffer regions were also assessed, using spot measurements, to determine the extent to which HVTL may contribute to the ...

CERN Document Server

Using the SCUBA bolometer array on the JCMT, we have carried out a submillimetre survey of Broad Absorption Line quasars (BALQs). The sample has been chosen to match, in redshift and optical luminosity, an existing benchmark 850um sample of radio-quiet quasars, allowing a direct comparison of the submm properties of BAL quasars relative to the parent radio-quiet population. We reach a submm limit 1.5mJy at 850um, allowing a more rigorous measure of the submm properties of BAL quasars than previous studies. Our submm photometry complements extensive observations at other wavelengths, in particular X-rays with Chandra and mid-infrared with Spitzer. To compare the 850um flux distribution of BALQs with that of the non-BAL quasar benchmark sample, we employ a suite of statistical methods, including survival analysis and a novel Bayesian derivation of the underlying flux distribution. Although there are no strong grounds for ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background: Although research on epistemological beliefs has expanded over the past two decades, there are still some issues that need to be explored, such as whether epistemological beliefs are domain general or domain specific. Purpose: One of the purposes of this research was to determine if high school students' general epistemological beliefs were different from their epistemological beliefs in the domain of physics. Sample: The research was conducted with 15 grade nine students studying in an urban all-boys school. Their average age was 16. Their previous school experiences were traditional oriented. Design and methods: A case study design with qualitative methods was used for the research. Two questionnaires were developed and used in semi-structured interview protocols two times, w...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In 2010, a newspaper article speculating about the inclusion of cooking in the Queensland, Australia, school curriculum was published. Readers were invited to post comments to a newspaper-managed blog. Ninety-seven posts were made. These posts (N-=-97) comprise the data for this study. Data were analyzed using Leximancer to determine frequency and connection of terminology. The analysis found -cooking- to be the core concept, connected to either the -school- (formal learning) and/or to the -home- (informal learning). Content analysis determined the themes and their relative frequency. Three main themes were generated: informal food literacy learning, formal food literacy learning in schools, and formal food literacy learning in home economics. Subthemes in the formal food literacy theme in...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A thermohydraulic study of MTR fuel element is presented as a basic requirement for the development of an irradiation facility for testing fuel elements. A computer code named 'Thermo' has been developed for this purpose, which can stimulate different working conditions, such as, cooling, power elements and neutron flux, performing all pertinent thermohydraulic calculations. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature gradients of the cooling fluid throughout the IEAR-1 reactor core. All experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical model applied in this work. Finally, a draft of the proposed facility and its safety system is presented. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The contribution attempts a definition of the concepts of ``technical facilities`` and ``facility management``. [Deutsch] Um mit der Ueberschrift zu beginnen: Was ist Gebaeudetechnik? Die Antwort ist nicht ganz einfach. An der TU Berlin gibt es einen Ingenieur-Studiengang mit dieser Bezeichnung. Es hat etwas mit dem Gebaeude, aber nicht viel mit Architektur zu tun, wie manchmal faelschlich angenommen wird. Um solche Missverstaendnisse gar nicht erst aufkommen zu lassen, hat sich die Gruppe des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, die sich mit der Gebaeudetechnik beschaeftigt, als `VDI-Gesellschaft Technische Gebaeudeausruestung` bezeichnet. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This study describes procedures and outcomes in a functional analysis of problem behavior of 2 public school students. For a 13-year-old honors student, bizarre tacts (labeled as psychotic speech by...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Good Behavior Game (GBG), a universal classroom behavior management method, was tested in first- and second-grade classrooms in Baltimore beginning in the 1985–1986 school year. Followup...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

There is a pressing need for medical graduates to be fully prepared to take on the responsibilities of prescribing and to be able to respond to continual inevitable rapid changes in therapeutics. The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundSubstance use and poor dietary practices are prevalent among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine frequency of substance use and associations between cigarette,...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Following a tour with the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, he entered the U.S. Army Aviation School in 1975. He was the top graduate of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

After ten years investigation of radon seasonal variations at three very different locations, as well as radon concentration measurements in kindergartens and schools, systematical indoor radon measurements were undertaken in dwellings of Osijek. Indoor radon was measured by means of the LR-115 nuclear track detector at 48 town locations that gave the arithmetic mean of 71.6 Bq m"-"3, standard deviation of 44.0 Bq m"-"3 and geometric mean of 60.1 Bq m"-"3, for the radon concentration range from 23 to 186 Bq m"-"3. The empirical frequency distribution of radon concentrations, with the class width of 20 Bq m"-"3, was in accordance with the theoretical log-normal distribution which was shown with #chi#"2 - test. The radon map pointed out a region of higher radon concentrations (central part of the town) that was ascribed to the geological soil structure. Thus supposition was confirmed by radon measurement in the soil gas using radon emanators with the LR-115 film that ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUNDAdolescent peer group self-identification refers to adolescents’ affiliation with reputation-based peer groups such as “Goths” or...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Biomedical Engineering Optical and Photonic Materials and Devices Fundamental Optical Interactions ... of Texas Medical School OPTICAL AND PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES Gary Bjorklund, IBM, Chair Nan ...

Science.gov (United States)

Have a question about CPR? Click Here To Ask The Doctor Learn CPR is a free public service supported by the University of Washington School of Medicine . Learn the basics of CPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The American Heart Association issued updated ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Idiopathic or functional abdominal pain (FAP) is common in school-age children and typically reflects a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID). FGIDs in adults have been distinguished by...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundToday, there is a trend towards establishing the medical humanities as a component of medical education. However, medical humanities programs that exist within the context...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIn animal groups such as herds, schools, and flocks, a certain distance is maintained between adjacent individuals, allowing them to move as a cohesive unit. Proximate...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundImproving nutrition knowledge among children may help them to make healthier food choices. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

"The focus of this study was to examine the structural, social, and attitudinal factors that influence an individual?s decision to choose an IT career. The findings revealed many differences among male and female high school students? attitudes and intentions. Although many stereotypes existed among the male and female students, perceptions appeared to be similar within the population. For boys, computer and technical skills had a stronger association with attitudes toward IT than for girls. For girls, social issues showed a strong association with attitudes toward IT. Overall, the intention to pursue IT as a career was most likely to prevail within the population of the high school boys."

Science.gov (United States)

A troubling reality in today's political climate is that many political leaders actually believe that the best way to change schools is through an "end of a gun barrel" approach, rather than by building consensus. In this article, the author examines the reality of high-stakes testing from several perspectives, including the politics of coercion, politics of performance, and the politics of perception. The author discusses that high-stakes testing is a politically charged issue that has had a tremendous impact on the way schools operate; however, teachers must not be afraid to keep their perspective and must encourage a healthy, honest dialogue about the role of testing and engage in political debate.

Science.gov (United States)

This construction curriculum guide on masonry for secondary students is one of six developed for inservice teachers at Marianas High School in Saipan. The guide provides the rationale, description, goals, and objectives of the program; the program of studies and performance objectives by levels; samples of lesson plans for effective delivery of instruction; and a listing of references. Concepts covered include orientation to masonry construction, safety, tools and equipment, cement, concrete, concrete block masonry, concrete forms, and concrete reinforcement. Appended materials include transparency copies, tests and answer keys, information sheets, and student activities. (CT)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigated activity patterns of 17 elementary school students aged 10-12, and 19 high school students aged 13-17, in suburban Los Angeles during the oxidant pollution season. Individuals' relationships between ventilation rate (VR) and heart rate (HR) were calibrated' in supervised outdoor walking/jogging. Log VR was consistently proportional to HR; although calibrations' were limited by a restricted range of exercise, and possibly by artifact due to mouthpiece breathing, which may cause overestimation of VR at rest. Each subject then recorded activities in diaries, and recorded HR once per minute by wearing Heart Watches, over 3 days (Saturday-Monday). For each activity the subject estimated a breathing rate--slow (slow walking), medium (fast walking), or fast (running). VR ranges for each breathing rate and activity type were estimated from HR recordings. High-school students' ...

ScienceCinema

...this and ...and ...? and ...and ...and what the ...and such ...also and i would like to ...and that's ...and ...and ...form and most of the time i would like to spend on ...and ...for months on because sixty two and ? one-in-ten and ...and initially model systems and and and ...specifics ? and astrophysics completely ...and ...is seventeen and ...was additionally and ...and ...and and and that's all that's the action and you know all ...and ...and and display ...and responsible ...and what ...paul tsongas and ten and uh and ...and and ...and ...and this is ...and ...and especially ...and ...and ...and know ...and ...and and the activation technique and ...most commonly used and ...of the team to sell the blonde and and and need and ...and ...and ...and that's the whole ...and ...and and ...and ...and something like this and she ...been determined by and ...the plates and ...and ...and ...and ...and ...and ...and ...and and ...and this to dismiss ? ...and ...and i think the people to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Although the primary mission of the Southeastern Fish Culture Laboratory is to conduct scientific research on the problems facing the aquaculture industry, other goals are technology transfer and education. Over the past two years, a successful educational outreach program has been established with a local middle school. After a letter extending educational support to the public schools was written to the Superintendent, one teacher with her many science students began making monthly trips to the facility in order to gain hands-on experience in aquaculture science. The county supports the effort by providing the bus transport of thirty miles round trip. Students conduct a long-term experiment in fish growth while also learning about waterfowl, the environment, and the aquaculture industry. They are engaged in projects involving some hands-on experience. This program was judged to be successful doe to: (a) participant number increased from fifty ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Report by a participant in the International Nuclear Law School. In 2001, this advanced training course was first offered by the OECD-NEA together with the University of Montpellier and other international partners. This effort is intended to provide an overview of nuclear law, a discipline normally playing a subordinate role in curricula. In this way, a contribution is to be made to the important preservation of the existing knowledge base and to increasing know-how in this field. In 2003, the International Nuclear Law School will be continued with a new curriculum addressed to all interested participants. (orig.) [German] Erfahrungsbericht eines Teilnehmers der Internationalen Schule fuer Nuklearrecht 2002 an der Universitaet Montpellier. Erstmals im Jahr 2001 wurde diese Fortbildungsveranstaltung von der Nuclear Energy Agency der Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD-NEA) zusammen mit der Universitaet Montpellier und ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There are 4 CANDU reactors at Wolsung site together with a spent fuel dry storage associated with unit 1. These CANDU reactors, classified as On-Load Reactor (OLR) for Safeguards application, change 16- 24 fuel bundles with fresh fuel in everyday. Especially, the spent fuel bundles are transferred from spent fuel bays to dry storage throughout a year because of the insufficient capacity of spent fuel pond. Safeguards inspectors verify the spent fuel transfer to meet safeguards purposes according to the safeguards criteria by means of inspector's presence during the transfer campaign. For the verification, 60-80 person-days of inspection (PDIs) are needed during approximately 3 months for each unit. In order to reduce the inspection effort and operators' burden, an Unattended Monitoring System (UMS) was designed and developed by the IAEA for the verification of spent fuel bundles transfers from wet storage to dry storage. Based on the enhanced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

By joining the `climate association of European cities`, Frankfurt has agreed to reduce its CO{sub 2}-emissions by 50% by the year 2010. The so-called `climate offense 1991` was the first regulatory paper to be set up by a community to reach this goal over a long term. This report now represents the present level of the project. Main points are the development of houses with low entropy, the retrofitting of heating systems, water saving measures and energy management. (BWI) [Deutsch] Durch den Beitritt zum `Klima-Buendnis der Europaeischen Staedte` hat sich die Stadt Frankfurt/M. verpflichtet, die CO{sub 2}-Emissionen bis zum Jahr 2010 um 50% zu senken. Mit der sog. `Klimaoffensive 1991` wurde dann erstmals von einer Kommune in Deutschland ein detailliertes Regelwerk aufgestellt, um dieses Ziel langfristig erreichen zu koennen. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt den aktuellen Stand des Projektes dar. Kernpunkte sind die Entwicklung von ...

CERN Document Server

The discovery of atomic nucleus by E. Rutherford, at the beginning of the twentieth century, was the Nuclear Physics original landmark. From then, a series of experiments in which beams of particles composed of neutrons, protons and others, brought to collide with a nucleus in order to unravel its structure or produce artificial elements through nuclear transmutation, were triggered. With the development of experimental equipment, a number of other nuclear phenomena have been observed, such as beta decay, nuclear fission and fusion, M\\"oesbauer effect, etc. In view of the global political and economic landscape and the contemporary educational trends, this work suggest alternative topics in nuclear physics that can be discussed at the conceptual level in high school teaching, where the main focus lies in the historical and technological importance of such phenomena in society.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Over 300 delegates participated in this scientific meeting to celebrate the career of the late Professor Tony Hart, who was Head of Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Liverpool, from 1986 until his death in September 2007. The meeting, which was opened by Professor James Stewart (Head, School of Infection and Host Defence, University of Liverpool) and closed by Professor Bernard Brabin (Head of the Child Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine), captured some of the major elements that distinguished Tony Harts remarkable career. These included: broad research interests spanning both human and veterinary medicine; the ability to conduct both clinical and basic science research with equal skill and vigour; and his phenomenal mentorship of postgraduate students. Eac...

Science.gov (United States)

By using the paired comparison methodology, it was possible to establish evaluative priorities, providing criterion weights which reflected the thoughts and feelings of an advisory committee consisting of experts in the task selection process. For the U.S. Army Infantry School, the weights can be used to stress higher weighted criterion results in the task selection process. By extending the size and diversity of the advisory committee, the use of paired comparison methodology can provide an effective, reliable procedure for (1) constructing evaluative criterion weights for the task selection process and in other areas which have multiple criteria used for evaluative purposes and (2) incorporating into an evaluative design the valuable contributions of various experts and interest groups. (Author/BW)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ventilation systems must ensure high room air quality with minimum energy consumption in all states of operation. Systems for ventilation on demand are increasing their market share. (orig./MSK) [Deutsch] Oberste Aufgabe von Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen ist die Sicherstellung guter Raumluftqualitaet bei minimalem Energieverbrauch unter allen Betriebsbedingungen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, setzt sich am Markt zunehmend die bedarfsgeregelte Lueftung durch. (orig./MSK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the human thyroid receptor beta gene on chromosome 3. Individuals with RTH have an increased incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to search for developmental brain malformations associated with RTH. Forty-three subjects (20 affected males [AM], 23 affected females [AF]) with resistance to thyroid hormone and 32 unaffected first degree relatives (18 unaffected males [UM], 14 unaffected females [UF]) underwent MRI brain scans with a volumetric acquisition that provided 90 contiguous 2 mm thick sagittal images. Films of six contiguous images beginning at a standard sagittal position lateral to the insula were analyzed by an investigator who was blind with respect to subject characteristics. The presence of extra or missing gyri in the parietal bank of the Sylvian fissure (multimodal association cortex) and multiple Heschl`s ...

Science.gov (United States)

BACKGROUND: The urgent need for patient safety education for healthcare students has been recognised by many accreditation bodies, but to date there has been sporadic attention to undergraduate/graduate medical programmes. Medical students themselves have identified quality and safety of care as an important area of instruction; as future doctors and healthcare leaders, they must be prepared to practise safe healthcare. Medical education has yet to fully embrace patient safety concepts and principles into existing medical curricula. Universities are continuing to produce graduate doctors lacking in the patient safety knowledge, skills and behaviours thought necessary to deliver safe care. A significant challenge is that patient safety is still a relatively new concept and area of study; thus, many medical educators are unfamiliar with the literature and unsure how to integrate patient safety learning into existing curriculum. DESIGN: To address this gap and provide a foothold for ...

Science.gov (United States)

Grassroots education is imperative if economic development is to be actualized. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the primary school teachers' perception of the Universal Basic Education (UBE). This study attempted to find out the primary school teachers' perception of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme and their perceived contribution towards the success of the programme. It further examined how favorable perception towards the scheme could be a catalyst in the successful implementation of the UBE. To accomplish this task, two research questions and a hypothesis were raised to guide the study. The opinion of one hundred and eighteen (118) teachers, out of four hundred and forty-seven teachers (447) that constituted the population of the teachers in Esan West Public Primary Schools was obtained. The respondents were randomly selected. The questionnaire was used for data collection. A 1-4 Likert-type scale ...

Science.gov (United States)

BACKGROUND: The urgent need for patient safety education for healthcare students has been recognised by many accreditation bodies, but to date there has been sporadic attention to undergraduate/graduate medical programmes. Medical students themselves have identified quality and safety of care as an important area of instruction; as future doctors and healthcare leaders, they must be prepared to practise safe healthcare. Medical education has yet to fully embrace patient safety concepts and principles into existing medical curricula. Universities are continuing to produce graduate doctors lacking in the patient safety knowledge, skills and behaviours thought necessary to deliver safe care. A significant challenge is that patient safety is still a relatively new concept and area of study; thus, many medical educators are unfamiliar with the literature and unsure how to integrate patient safety learning into existing curriculum. DESIGN: To address this gap and provide a foothold for ...

Wastenet

... Zahra-Kingrsquo;s practice utilizes a range of media including textiles, metal casting, glass, sound, film and photography. Qualifications English Major from BA (Social Science) 1991; BA(Visual Arts) 1991; Grad. Dip. (Fine Art - Printmaking) 1993; Candidate for MFA 2001; Ph.D 2005. School of Art Research Clusters Art and Environmental Sustainability Art, ...

Science.gov (United States)

This article analyzes the philosophical, sociological, and legal imperatives of including students with disabilities in ordinary schools. Some important global events that support inclusive education are discussed. The author reflects on Nigeria's newly revised National Policy on Education with its emphasis on inclusive education (2008), and the Universal Basic Education policy (1999). The article concludes with recommendations to improve the status quo.

Wastenet

...ENSO Applications Center (PEAC) Institutional Affiliation: PEAC's core members are The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Office of Global Programs (NOAA/OGP) The NOAA National Weather Service - Pacific Region (NWS-PR), The University of Hawaii - School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology UH/SOEST, The University of Guam - Water and Energy Research Institute (UOG/WERI), and a regional association of the USAPI Governments, the Pacific Basin ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A reciprocal relationship informing both research and practice is one of the primary goals in the emerging field of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE), yet the field has little documentation and analysis of such collaborations. In this article, we present case studies of three research-practice partnerships taking place between scientists and educators. By comparing and contrasting these three partnerships we expect to illuminate common characteristics, challenges, and benefits that come with doing MBE work.

CERN Document Server

The Advances in Library Administration and Organization Series provides a body of research literature that contributes to the base of organizational theory upon which library administrators rely. Its mix of contributions to the literature of library administration and organization is both diverse and eclectic. This volume of the series covers a variety of topics relating to the management of academic, public and school libraries

Science.gov (United States)

This paper makes a case for "good politics for good education", with special reference to Nigeria. It surveys the impact of good and bad politics on the attainment of Meaningful Access to education with special focus on Nigeria's Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme. Good politics is to be likened to what the French call "la politique au sense noble du terme" (politics in the noble sense of the term--or statesmanship) while bad politics is to be likened to a "politique politicienne" (mere divisive politicking, or politics in its raw form). Politics in its raw form is concerned with seeking power for self-aggrandisement while politics in its noble form is concerned with seeking power for public good. In situations where good politics prevails, educational policies, programmes and delivery processes tend to produce the desirable outcome of "children passing through school and the school also passing through them". By combining the seven ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The University of Michigan (UM) is a member of a team of researchers, including the universities of Florida, Texas, and Tennessee, along with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, developing robotic for hazardous environments. The goal of this research is to develop the intelligent and capable robots which can perform useful functions in the new generation of nuclear reactors currently under development. By augmenting human capabilities through remote robotics, increased safety, functionality, and reliability can be achieved. In accordance with the established lines of research responsibilities, our primary efforts during 1991 will continue to focus on the following areas: radiation imaging; mobile robot navigation; three-dimensional vision capabilities for navigation; and machine-intelligence. This report discuss work that has been and will be done in these areas.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study describes the construction of a simple mathematical model its validation through the simulation in transient state of a real cycle performed by a solar refrigerator based on physical adsorption using an activated carbon/methanol pair. The deviation from experimental results was 4% for the cycled mass of methanol, 2.2 % for maximum collector average temperature, and 3 x 10{sup -3} for the theoretical cycle coefficient of performance. Additional simulations of the same cycle inputting values representing different types and larger amounts of activated carbon showed the possibility of increasing the cycled methanol mass up to about 150%. (author) 26 refs., 16 figs., 9 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this work is the implantation and characterization of a neutron radiography system that uses an electronic device for attainment of images in real time, for its implementation in the nuclear research reactor Argonauta at IEN/CNEN (Nuclear Engineering Institute of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission). The Electronic Imaging System in Real Time is composed by a scintillator screen for neutron, a video camera (CCD), a digital plate and a computer with specific computational programs for digital processing of the images. The System in installed real time is apt to carry through neutron radiography inspections of static and dynamic events of several types of samples. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background/Purpose: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare malformation. Endoscopic dilations represent a therapeutic option. This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of a conservative treatment of CES. Patients and Methods: Patients diagnosed with CES since 1980 by a barium study or endoscopy were reviewed. Endoscopic ultrasonography (Olympus UM-3R-20-MHz radial miniprobe, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), available from 2001, allowed for the differential diagnosis of tracheobronchial remnants (TBR) and fibromuscular hypertrophy (FMH) CES. All children underwent conservative treatment by endoscopic dilations (hydrostatic and Savary). Results: Forty-seven patients (20 men) had CES. Fifteen were associated with esophageal atresia; and 8, with Down syndrome. Mea...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Previous studies have found that classrooms are often inadequately ventilated, with the resultant increased risk of negative impacts on the pupils. This paper describes a series of field measurements that investigated the indoor air quality, thermal comfort and acoustic performance of nine recently built secondary schools in England. The most significant conclusion is that the complex interaction between ventilation, thermal comfort and acoustics presents considerable challenges for designers. The study showed that while the acoustic standards are demanding it was possible to achieve natural ventilation designs that met the criteria for indoor ambient noise levels when external noise levels were not excessive. Most classrooms in the sample met the requirement of limiting the daily average CO{sub 2} concentration to below 1500 ppm but just a few met the need to readily provide 8 l/s per person of fresh air under the easy control of the occupants. It would seem that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 1984 American Association of the Academy of Sciences study of more than 150 successful science in-service programs developed a list of their characteristics, which included: Strong academic component in mathematics, science, and communications, focused on enrichment rather than remediation; academic subjects taught by teachers who are highly competent in the subject matter and believe that students can learn the materials; heavy emphasis on the applications of science and mathematics and careers in these fields; integrative approach to teaching that incorporates all subject areas, hands-on opportunities, and computers; multiyear involvement with students; recruitment of participants from all relevant target populations; opportunities for in-school and out-of-school learning experiences; parental involvement and development of base of community support; specific attention to removing educational inequalities related to race and gender; ...

Science.gov (United States)

National efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care present challenges for medical education and training. Today's doctors need to be skilled communicators who know how to identify, prevent and manage adverse events and near misses, how to use evidence and information, how to work safely in a team, how to practise ethically, and how to be workplace teachers and learners. These competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) are set out in the National Patient Safety Education Framework (NPSF) of the Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care. The NPSF is designed to help medical schools, vocational colleges, health organisations and private practitioners develop curricula to enable health professionals to work safely. The NPSF describes what doctors (depending on their level of knowledge and experience) can do to demonstrate competencies in a range of quality and safety activities. Medical schools, vocational ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Most wind farms consist of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) due to the high power coefficient (mechanical power output divided by the power of the free-stream air through the turbine cross-sectional area) of an isolated turbine. However when in close proximity to neighboring turbines, HAWTs suffer from a reduced power coefficient. In contrast, previous research on vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) suggests that closely spaced VAWTs may experience only small decreases (or even increases) in an individual turbine's power coefficient when placed in close proximity to neighbors, thus yielding much higher power outputs for a given area of land. A potential flow model of inter-VAWT interactions is developed to investigate the effect of changes in VAWT spatial arrangement on the array performance coefficient, which compares the expected average power coefficient of turbines in an array to a spatially isolated turbine. A geometric arrangement based on the configuration of shed vortices ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

`Experimental Seminar on Nuclear Energy for Teachers` was conducted and sponsored by the Science and Technology Agency. And in order to understand nuclear energy properly through lectures and experiments with good results inclass, the seminar carried out for teachers of high schools and junior high schools by the Nuclear Technology and Education Center (NuTEC), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute in 1990 FY to 1997 FY. In this report, details of the seminars in the above period are described and No.1 to 17 of Communication Letters of Experimental Seminar on Nuclear Energy` started at 1992 FY are described also. These letters were prepared for attendant follow-up program. And programs of recent seminars, future`s seminars, impressions and comments from attendants, reports from actual classes and others are described in these letters and they are very useful for educational classes on nuclear energy by other teachers. Therefore contents of the ...

Environmental Research Database

SummaryIntended Outputs: Farmers' priorities in dairy health and production in the smallholder crop dairy production system defined.Methodology for applying FFS approach in the AH/LP setting developed, tested and promoted.Impact assessment of the livestock FFS approach.Establishment of a plan of action for the large-scale implementation including proposals for the Government of Kenya to seek funding.Livestock FFS manual: guidelines and reference material suitable for [continued...]ObjectivesTo adapt and test Farmer Field School (FFS) methodology for animal health and production, focussing upon smallholder dairy farmers.DescriptionProject Background: Dissemination has traditionally been seen by research and extension as finding effective ways of transferring technology, and passing on relevant, usable information to farmers. In complex situations, where farmers need to adjust to a changing situation -such as crop protection, soil nutrient management, animal health ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper provides a snapshot of the computer network security industry and addresses specific issues related to network security in public education. The following topics are covered: (1) security policy, including reasons for establishing a policy, risk assessment, areas to consider, audit tools; (2) workstations, including physical security, protecting workstation components, and computer viruses; (3) the local network, including the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model, protocols, network segmentation, network management, network sniffing, and data encryption; (4) servers, including UNIX and other server operating systems; (5) remote access, including technologies, remote access servers, protocols, and authentication/authorization; (6) crackers and hackers, including threats and hacking tools/techniques; (7) Internet firewalls, including functions, issues and problems, types, rules, logs, firewall accessories, buying a firewall, and firewall administration; and (8) ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to draw together the salient issues surrounding customer loyalty and customer relationship management (CRM) into a single coherent discussion. Various schools of academic thought are examined. The paper concludes with practical implications for managers. Design/methodology/approach - The literature surrounding customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, effective CRM and managing loyalty in a profitable manner are all reviewed. The paper allows managers to consider a wide range of material in the context of their business. Findings - The need for businesses to retain customers is an important issue in today's global marketplace. To retain customers, a business must forge loyal and long-term relationships with profitable customers. Reasons why customers le...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article analyses the emergence of the Reseau Education Sans Frontieres (RESF) in France, a movement that emerged in response to fear about the deportation of immigrant children who were pupils in French schools. Mobilising ethical concerns about children's welfare, the movement has been able to create public debate about the French State's moral responsibility to protect these children of 'sans-papiers'. Based on qualitative research, this article analyses the membership of RESF and its modes of action to show how this mobilisation has taken place, stressing the importance of 'everyday interactions' in this mobilisation, and the use of new frames of moral injustice concerning children's welfare.

Wastenet

...Verheggen, B; Dommen, J; Duplissy, J; Prevot, AS; Weingartner, E; Riipinen, I; Kulmala, M; Spracklen, DV; Carslaw, KS; ...Carslaw, KS; Boucher, O; Spracklen, DV; Mann, GW; Rae, JGL; Woodward, S; Kulmala, M (2010) A review of natural aerosol interactions ...Pickering, S; Ogren, JA; Andrews, E; Baltensperger, U; Weingartner, E; Boy, M; Kulmala, M; Laakso, L; Lihavainen, H; ...Fastrup, B; Gagne, S; Hahn, F; Harrison, RG; Kellett, B; Kirkby, J; Kulmala, M; Laakso, L; Laaksonen, A; ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 'elementary' particle physics began in 1935, when Hideki Yukawa published his pioneering pi-meson theory, and the problem of strong interaction was finally solved 40 years later by the establishment of the Standard Model. The composite models of hadrons by the Sakata school and Sin-itiro Tomonaga's renormalization theory for quantum electrodynamics played essential roles for finding this beautiful solution. It is really surprising that it took only 40 years to solve such desperately difficult problem. The 'elementary' particle physics then split into two new fields, quark-hadron physics' and 'unified (ultimate) theory of particle physics', which are now 30 years old already. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In a quantitative survey of religious attitudes and practices in a multi-religious sample of 369 school pupils aged between 13 and 15 in London, the presence of a home shrine was found widespread in 11% of adolescents spanning several religious affiliations and ethnicities - especially Buddhists, Hindus and those of Indian, Chinese and 'Other Asian' ethnicity. Having a home shrine correlated significantly with spiritual attitudes such as agreement with filial piety, the Eightfold Path, subjectivity of happiness, meditation, Sikh festivals, reincarnation and opening Gurdwaras to all. It is suggested that teachers and the social services should be aware of the importance of shrines to many religious communities and recognise their potential as a spiritual asset and manifestation of religion ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geothermal heat pump systems are a promising new energy technology that has shown rapid increase in usage over the past 10 years in the United States. These systems offer substantial benefits to consumers and utilities in energy (kWh) and demand (kW) savings. The purpose of this study was to determine what existing monitored data were available mainly from electric utilities on heat pump performance, energy savings, and demand reduction for residential, school, and commercial building applications. Information was developed on the status of electric utility marketing programs, barriers to market entry, incentive programs, and benefits.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fastest rate of growth in the space conditioning market has been attributed to the application of geothermal heat pumps to the industrial and commercial markets. The author reviews and provides examples of the three most popular components of a large geothermal heat pump system: geothermal earth coupling, heat pumps and heat exchangers, and building side terminals. These components are applied to three example geothermal installations: a library, an office building, and a school. Examples of energy use before and after the installation of a geothermal space conditioning system are summarized. General design and cost guidelines and comments on the use of geothermal heat pump in these and similar applications are discussed.

Science.gov (United States)

Several experiments showed that the classical Kolmogorov power spectral density of the refractive-index sometimes does not properly describe the statistics of the atmosphere. In this paper we show an experimental testbed able to generate non-classical Kolmogorov turbulence by using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. The testbed is used at Naval Postgraduate School for laboratory investigation of laser beam propagation in maritime environment where a power law different from classical Kolmogorov, 11/ 3, could be present. Applications of this testbed are ship to-ship free space optical communication, imaging and high energy laser weapons.

Wastenet

...O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z 230 Christianity: general resources ...com: Christianity: General Anno Domini: Jesus Through the Centuries Bible and Homosexuality Christian Theological Research Fellowship Papers Christianity Links and Resources Directory ...Good Digital Collections Lambert's Web Links MUNDUS New Testament Gateway Omnilist of Christian Starting Points Quartz Hill School of Theology Web Library Theology Online ...com: Christianity: General Offers original articles and features about Christianity in general plus annotated links to selected relevant Internet resources, compiled by ...

Science.gov (United States)

The global spread of HIV and AIDS has presented a major threat to development, affecting the health of the poor and many aspects of social and economic development. The greatest impact of the epidemic has been felt in sub-Saharan Africa, and Zambia ranks among the worst hit countries. The Free Basic Education Policy in Zambia upholds the right of all children to a universal basic education. This study explored staff and student perceptions of the impact of the epidemic on access to, and the quality of, basic education for AIDS-affected children, orphans and other vulnerable children (OVCs) in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia, where the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate ranges from 34 to 40%, and life expectancy has dropped to 33 years. Data were collected from education personnel in six districts of the Copperbelt with the highest prevalence of HIV and AIDS and from staff and students in six schools. The data indicated a range of factors that adversely affect the access ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In coke-oven operations flue-gas valves are used to switch the regenerator function from rich gas firing to lean gas firing. Compared with the simple geometry of the other parts of the flow path, which comprise flues and regenerators, the narrow and winding passages of the flue-gas valves give rise to relatively high losses in pressure. Without the construction of high (and therefore expensive) chimneys, this means that operating problems may well arise due the inadequate suction capacity. The project focused on the theoretical and experimental analysis of a coke-oven flue-gas valve. The primary aim was to reduce the pressure drop through the valve without modifying its external geomerty. The internal flow characteristics created by different valve geometries under a variety of operating conditions were simulated using the commercial CFD code Fluent/UNS, which provided velocity and pressure distributions. A half-scale model valve was constructed in order to characterise the internal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alter both oil crisis, of 1973 and 1979, a bad effect of the elevated costs and continuously increment of the oil prices was noted, for this reason, the interest for renewable energies sources widely available in developing countries was increased. All over the world, governments have formulated main objectives for energies savings and search for friendly technologies, taking into account the effects related with the environment. The imminent scarcity of fossil fuels has made humanity the rational use of primary energies, as a result of these; new plants with improved technology have been conceived taking into account energy savings and efficiency improvement. In this context, biomass gasification technologies are important, since they consist in techniques of parallel production of electricity and heat from just one fuel. This work consists in the development of a gasifier down draft of 100 kW for an internal combustion engine, which includes its sizing process and its energy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report describes the processing of TiSi{sub 2}, MoSi{sub 2} and Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} by means of metal injection molding (MIM). First, the sintering activities of the three materials were investigated. After this, the viscosities of different mixtures of organic binder and powders of the three materials were determined, and in the final stage, components were produced by injection molding, the binder was removed, and the components were sintered. TiSi{sub 2} in powder form could be sintered to more than 95% of its theoretical density after 4 h at 1386 C. Metallographic analyses proved leaktightness of the component at this density. In the case of Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}, it was found that this material requires very long sintering times and high sintering temperatures for sintering to about 94% of its theoretical density. Metallographic analyses showed that only about 90% of the theoretical density was reached. MoSi{sub 2} in powder form could be sintered to only 90% of its theoretical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The project is intended to yield information on the transfer factors describing the transfer of ingested radionuclides to breast milk for the following elements: antimony, cerium, chromium, cobalt, gallium, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, radium, ruthenium, silver, thorium, titanium, and uranium. Those yet unknown or poorly known transfer factors are required in order to be able to develop a reliable model for description and assessment of the transfer of the radionuclides and the possibly resulting hazardous doses to infants, and for subsequent formulation of recommendations for radiological protection of the population. (orig./CB) [German] Ziel des Projektes ist die Ermittlung von Transferfaktoren fuer den Uebergang von Radionukliden aus der Nahrung der Muetter in die Muttermilch fuer die Elemente Antimon, Cer, Chrom, Cobalt, Gallium, Lanthan, Molybdaen, Niob, Radium, Ruthenium, Silber, Thorium, Titan und Uran. Um die Exposition und damit die moegliche Gefaehrung ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hard surface finishing represents the final manufacturing step for functional areas of machine elements in state-of-the-art production. Raceways of rolling bearing rings are ground and honed to the required low roughness. Plastic deformation is restricted to a narrow edge zone of the hardened steel. Reheating of the machined components below the martensite tempering or bainite transformation temperature results in a marked decrease of the XRD line width on the surface. The investigated samples are made of through-hardened standard bearing steel 100Cr6 (international denotation: SAE 52100). On the basis of a material model that explains the effect as a complex diffusion process of dislocational carbon segregation, i.e. static strain aging, the measured kinetics of the XRD line width reduction is simulated by an Arrhenius-type equation, which describes the rate-controlling reaction step of temper carbide dissolution. The formation of a small white-etching surface layer of around 1 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes a methodology to determine the best strategy in an open bid, where oil and gas fields are the targets for exploration. Based upon the previous bid rounds for a given specific area - the Campos Basin, for that matter -, the data were statistically treated to fit a probability density function, modelling the value of bids offered by the competing companies. By means of techniques and concepts pertaining to Game Theory a balance matrix was built for values of bids made by companies as a function of the company alone in assumed bid rounds. At the end of each british auction, participants of this simultaneous game, using the rationality principle, aimed at winning the tender on the oil field aimed for, through the use of better answers with respect to its rival competitor. The game goal was maximize return on investment purchase in the decisions of lease blocks purchases in the auctions, or to try minimize its opponents gains. Proceeding with the work, this time, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wider coal lines and larger power plant units necessitate measures for increasing the capacity of the mills without driving up power consumption and installation costs. The result of this development is the modern ALSTOM bowl mill. This paper indicates the stages of development which were necessary for this and the experience which could be accumulated through these measures. The paper also describes in detail the areas of flow in the mills, of design of milling equipment, of mill power supply and of grading in this development. (orig.) [Deutsch] Breitere Kohlebaender und groessere Kraftwerkseinheiten zwingen zu Massnahmen, um die Leistung der Muehlen zu vergroessern, ohne jedoch den Kraftbedarf und die Installationskosten in die Hoehe zu treiben. Das Ergebnis dieser Entwicklung ist die moderne ALSTOM-Schuesselmuehle. Der Beitrag zeigt, welche Entwicklungsschritte hierzu erforderlich waren und welche Erfahrungen mit den Massnahmen gesammelt werden konnten. Im ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The principle of radiodiagnosis consists in the fact the X-ray beam is attenuated at different degrees by distinct tissues. For this reason, the anatomical structures have distinct radiological opacities, that produce the radiographic image. The progresses in radiology are related to the development if new radiographic image formation systems that enable an amplification in the quality, with low dose and/or risk to the patient. The objective of this work is the sensitometric valuation of a screen-film combination, that is still the most used, for the standardization, of radiographic images. Thinking about this, were constructed homogeneous phantoms of the chest, skull and pelvis, for the calibration of X-ray beams, with the purpose of obtaining radiographic images of good quality, basing in the routine of a radiodiagnosis service and in the scientific knowledge. Questions were approached about the choice of the suitable equipment, that allow the obtention of k Vp and m As combinations, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A heat transfer (condenser) of a domestic freezer was tested in a vertical channel in order to study the influence of the chimney effect in the optimization of the heat transfer coefficient. The variation of the opening of the channel, position and the heating power of the heat exchanger in the heat transfer coefficient was considered. The influence of the surface emissivity on the heat transfer by thermal radiation was studied with the heat exchanger testes without paint and with black paint. The air velocity entering the channel was measured with a hot wire anemometer. In order to evaluate the chimney effect, the heat exchanger was testes in a open ambient. This situation simulates its operational conditions when installed on the freezer system. The variables collected in the experimental procedures was gathered in the form of dimensionless parameters as Nusselt, Rayleigh, Grashof and Prandtl numbers, and dimensional parameters of the convection. The results showed that the highest ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The onshore Potiguar basin has nowadays around 5.000 artificial lifting petroleum wells, distributed into 80 fields located on the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceara, representing approximately 8% of the national oil production. For that, well maintenance service, realized by Workover Rigs, is essential to preserve the oil productivity of the reservoirs on these fields. However, as the number of rigs is lower than to the number of wells needing maintenance, the task of administrating the management of such equipment according to the demand created by the wells, generates an optimization problem. The decision for a rig intervention on a well depends on parameters such as flow rate, depth, wasted time on intervention, distance from the rig to the next well, type of operation, rig capacity, environmental risks, etc. The objective of this paper is to present an interactive Computational System for Support Decision to the optimized management of the wells attended by the rig fleet. ...

Science.gov (United States)

Lack of access to basic education leads to diminished individual and national capabilities, therewith furthering cycles of poverty. An equitable education system meeting basic learning needs represents not only a human right, but also a means for reducing poverty, promoting productivity, and sustaining development. The Government of China--the most populous developing nation, the majority of whose citizens live in rural areas--has been committed to universalizing nine-year compulsory education among school-aged children and eliminating illiteracy among youths and adults aged 15-45. This study examines lessons learned from China's efforts in these areas. It also reports on current challenges and trends in a new national initiative for achieving high-quality universal basic education by the year 2007.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary We describe the initiation and establishment of The University of Zambia - University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Research and Training Project, an entirely African scientist-led, south-north partnership. In its 16 year existence, the project, by successfully obtaining competitive grant funding, has transformed itself into one of Africa's most productive African-led R&D programmes with training and visible research outputs. The project serves as a role model and now networks R&D and training activities with six southern African (10 institutions) and six European countries. This project case study illustrates that deep commitment is essential for success and that the factors which facilitate success in R&D in Africa need to be evaluated. The long-term prospects for su...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Similar to many other countries, an educational reform anchored in a managerial discourse was proposed in Israel in 2004 by the Dovrat Committee, encouraged by the 'inter-state education gap' social problem that economist Dan Ben-David formulated on the basis of international examinations, such as PISA and TIMMS. Through a neo-Weberian approach this study follows the construction of a managerial discourse from the 1970s onwards that led to the Dovrat report. In the first period, managerial discourse was constructed around decentralization, parent choice and school autonomy 'social objects' by an expanding reformist network of educational scholars and figures from the Ministry of Education and local authorities. The pervasion of managerial discourse paved the way for the nomination of Shlom...

Science.gov (United States)

Home economics is a dynamic field that imparts knowledge intended to help people adapt to their environment by making effective use of human and material resources. Hence, the profession values global concerns for the environment, human rights, health, and well-being. In Nigeria, home economics teachers must also consider the role they play in programs such as family life education, poverty alleviation, and universal basic education. In particular, home economics is one of the subjects through which core messages of the country's Population and Family Life Education program are to be integrated at the secondary school level. In this article, the author discusses the outcomes of this program and provides recommendations for teachers teaching this subject. (Contains 1 table and 1 resource.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The operation of the Bullhouse Minewater System, used to treat iron-rich minewaters discharged from long-abandoned coal mines, was studied to minimise pollution of the Upper Don river in the UK. Tests were carried out to determine optimal operating conditions. Ochre flocculation with polyacrylamide was efficient in batch tests as the ochre self-flocculated and sedimented in the lagoon without the need for chemical enhancement. The rate of accretion of the pipework in the system was modified by partial dewatering, reshaping and hardening of the deposits during ageing. Samples of ochre recovered from the drying beds and sump deposits were converted to ferric sulphate coagulant by dissolution with sulphuric acid and used with a polyelectrolyte to successfully purify reservoir water and pretreat wastewater. There was considerable local interest in the scheme with educational opportunities for schools and colleges.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In Kanazawa, Japan, air pollution from a Mn treatment factory was found to affect local junior high school students, who showed reduced respiratory function relative to their exposure to Mn. The use of Mn as an antiknock ingredient in automobile fuels has recently been introduced, placing the general population at risk of chronic low-level exposure. There are few animal studies on the effects of compounds other than manganese chloride (MnCl{sub 2}). In the case of environmental pollution by Mn, the differing physiological effects of the various chemical forms of Mn must be considered. The present study therefore examined the differences in the effects of several Mn compounds on the physiology and behavior of mice by short-term oral administration.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to verify the proposition by the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), that their return on investment (ROI) formula developed for academic libraries and based on hard facts is broad enough to be used throughout the world for ROI studies in academic institutions/libraries. It further aims to verify that UIUC's methodology is adaptable enough to work in other academic environments as well. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology developed by UIUC (an ROI formula developed for academic libraries based on grant proposal applications and citations) has been "copied" and thereby adapted to enable it to be used in an academic environment in Europe/Germany. Findings - The methodology developed by UIUC was adaptable enough to be used in a Ger...

Science.gov (United States)

Common forms of testing of student understanding of science content can be misleading about their understanding of the nature of scientific thinking. Observational astronomy integrated with related ideas of force and motion is a rich context to explore the correlation between student content knowledge and student understanding of the scientific thinking about that content. In this paper, we describe this correlation in detail with a focus on a question about the relative motion of the Sun and the Earth. We find that high achieving high school students throughout New York City struggle with what constitutes scientific justification and thought processes, but can improve these skills tremendously in an inquiry-oriented summer astronomy-physics program. (Contains 3 tables and 4 figures.)

Wastenet

...the School, the research group structure was recently revised and now comprises the following teams: Drug Design and Analysis Pharmaceutics Pharmacy Practice and Policy Pharmacological and Biomedical Science The current structure was designed to take into account the future development of research in the academic area. The ...Discovery, Molecular Modelling, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology) and international recognition (Biological Sciences), which have now been re-organised into the Drug Design and Analysis and Pharmacological and Biomedical Sciences teams. The reorganisation also aimed to improve the research reputation of the other teams. The improvements in ... Email to a friend Print Within this area Drug design and analysis Pharmaceutics Pharmacy practice and policy Pharmacological and biomedical sciences Projects Publications Staff Considering a course? Research Degrees Course Finder Order a Prospectus Subject Areas Sunderland Facts Student Life Getting ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To discuss and share knowledge around advances in the care of patients with thrombotic disorders, the Third International Symposium of Thrombosis and Anticoagulation was held in S?o Paulo, Brazil, from October 14?16, 2010. This scientific program was developed by clinicians for clinicians, and was promoted by four major clinical research institutes: the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute, the Duke Clinical Research Institute of the Duke University School of Medicine, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, and the Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Comprising 3?days of academic presentations and open discussion, the symposium had as its primary goal to educate, motivate, and inspire internists, cardiologists, hematologists, and other physicians by convening national and international visionaries, th...

Science.gov (United States)

Thirteen summaries of exploratory development work carried out under a grant to the Naval Postgraduate School Research Foundation are included. This research was carried out in the areas of electrical engineering (slot lines; phase lock loops), aeronautics (aircraft survivability; composite materials for structures), material sciences (relation between high temperature compressive behavior and microstructure), mechanical engineering (fatigue life of ferrocement hull structures; flow fields), economics (hazardous employment incentives for DoD personnel), operations research (missile allocation modeling; combat dynamics; shipboard tank designs), oceanography breakwater construction effects on ecology), and physics (evaluation of an underwater acoustic parametric source).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The brain is highly sensitive to environmental hypoxia. Little is known, however, about the neuropsychological effects of high altitude residence in the developing brain. We recently described only minor changes in processing speed in native Bolivian children and adolescents living at approximately 3700-m. However, evidence for loss of cerebral autoregulation above this altitude (4000-m) suggests a potential threshold of hypoxia severity over which neuropsychological functioning may be compromised. We conducted physiological and neuropsychological assessments in 62 Bolivian children and adolescents living at La Paz (-3700-m) and El Alto (-4100-m) in order to address this issue. Groups were equivalent in terms of age, gender, social class, schooling, parental education and genetic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This investigation of a brain cancer cluster in Missouri used two approaches to investigate associations with potential risk factors. In a case-control study in a rural town, we interviewed surrogates of cases and controls about potential risk factors. We found a statistically significant positive association of brain cancer with reported exposure to dental x-rays. Occupation was not associated with the cluster in the rural town. In a standardized proportional mortality study for the state of Missouri, we calculated the observed and expected proportion of brain cancers by occupation and industry in Missouri decedents. We found that motor vehicle manufacturers, beauty shop workers, managers and administrators, elementary school teachers, and hairdressers and cosmetologists had significantly elevated proportions of brain cancer. Brain tumors are inconsistently associated with occupation in the literature. Further study of brain cancer etiology with respect to dental ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Teachers` Academy for Mathematics and Science in Chicago (TAMS) is a freestanding institution founded in 1989 by scientists and a variety of other stakeholders, to advance the systemic reform of mathematics and science education in Chicago`s public schools. It focuses on the ``re-tooling`` of its elementary level teachers. The TAMS program, which has been funded in part by the DOE, contributes to strategic goals two through five of the Office of University and Science Education (OUSE). This evaluation of TAMS by the National Center for Improving Science Education is primarily a qualitative study that summarizes the history and current status of the organization and its programs. Data was obtained through extensive interviews, observations, and document review, using a framework of templates to guide data collection and analyses. The findings are organized around a series of lessons learned from the first three years of TAMS and conclusions about its current ...

CERN Multimedia

The New Yorker Richard Feynman, well known to all physicists for his diagrams. Eleven vivid posters have recently been hung along the Theoretical Physics corridor on the first floor of Building 53. They tell the story of a century of physics, between 1900 and the end of the nineteen-nineties, the century that gave us atomic and quantum physics and the great breakthroughs that have rocked our understanding of the world and the universe. The posters are a gift from the American Physical Society to the CERN Library. As they were designed for high school and university book collections in the US, they necessarily have a somewhat American view of the history of science. But it is still instructive to revisit contemporary physics through its great figures, such as Marie Curie, Stephen Hawking, and Richard Feynman, not to mention Albert Einstein and many others. Why not take the time for a little trip down this particular stretch of Memory Lane?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To study the biogeochemical behaviour, mobility and transport of trace metals in seawater (Se, Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn), in suspended particulate matter (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn, Al, Mn) and in sediments of the inner and outer coastal regions, samples were collected on 3 separate cruises during a one year period (Mai 1993 - April 1994) at 20 stations in the coastal area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Standard hydrographic parameters, nutrients and dissolved oxygen were also measured. Priority was taken to establish the methods for the determination of molybdenum and selenium. To study the behaviour of these two elements in detail, longterm measurements were carried out weekly between January 1993 and June 1994 at the `Messsteg/Warnemuende`. Because of parallel measurements correlations to biological, chemical and hydrographic parameters have been tested. The total database is summarized in the Appendix. The results are presented in 30 figures and 13 tables and are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study examines the isothermal fatigue properties of novel ODS iron-base or nickel-base superalloys at temperatures of 850 C and 1050 C. The materials are different in grain structure and texture, so that particularly the effects of grain structures and textures can be studied. In order to also perform examinations of creep-fatigue interactions, various load cycles are applied. It is shown that the LCF-affected life of the grain structures of both alloy types is determined by the elastic modulus. The cyclic lifetimes determined by the conventional Manson-Coffin method for both alloy types exhibit differences of up to two orders of magnitude. Using the product of the total strain range and the elastic modulus, however, will yield precise life predictions. Under conditions of LCF stress only, the grain structure has no effect on the materials` service life, other than in the case of creep-fatigue, but the grain structure has a decisive influence on the damage mechanisms and the course ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The advent of multislice spiral CT (MSCT) technique has led to new aspects of dose reduction, especially for the dedicated use of MSCT in children. Optimizing pediatric MSCT protocols according to the clinical problem allows reduction of radiation exposure to a minimum without loss of diagnostic quality. The different parameters that influence the degree of dose reduction, like tube current-time product (mAs), tube voltage (kV), collimation and pitch, are discussed in context with previously published data and our own experience in nearly 200 pediatric CT examinations. In our department, the effective mAs is calculated for a pediatric chest MSCT by multiplication of the body weight in kilogram with a factor of 1 to 1.5 and for a pediatric abdominal MSCT by multiplication with a factor of 2 to 2.5. To calculate the equivalent effective dose for a contrast media-enhanced 80 kV protocol, the effective mAs of the 120 kV protocol can be multiplied by 2.7. A factor less than 2.7 means ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic imaging tool relies on the generation of magnetic fields, whereas the computerized tomography (CT) uses X-radiation. The fundamental principle of MRI is the magnetic resonance of paramagnetic atomic nuclei. These nuclei, as e.g. protons (= hydrogen nuclei), are aligned in required orientation by application of a strong magnetic field. Upon simultaneous application of an electromagnetic high-frequency field perpendicular to the axis of the basic magnetic field, and in response to periodical changing of the electromagnetic field at a given frequency, the originally aligned paramagnetic nuclei are forced into a movement similar to that of a ``whipping top``. When the resonance frequency is shut off, the nuclei return to their former, aligned positions, inducing a weak signal in a coil. The series of signals generated by multiple repetition of this process of excitation of nuclei and their return to aligned rest is used as input to a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

{gamma} Ti-Al have a higher temperature potential than commercial titanium alloys and a 50 percent lower density than nickel base superalloys. Application temperatures in aircraft turbines are 750 C and above. The authors investigated the high-temperature performance of {gamma} TiAl, i.e. isothermal high-temperature fatigue and the type and importance of damage. LCF experiments were made in the temperature range of brittle/ductile transition in air and vacuum. Damage mechanisms were characterized by microstructural investigations. [German] Unter den modernen Hochtemperaturwerkstoffen kommt den Legierungen auf Basis von {gamma}-TiAl eine zunehmend wichtige Bedeutung zu, da diese Werkstoffe ein hoeheres Temperaturpotential als alle kommerziellen Titanlegierungen haben und eine im Vergleich zu den Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen um ca. 50% geringere Dichte aufweisen. TiAl-Werkstoffe, die z.B. fuer Schaufeln und Gehaeuse in Flugzeugturbinen eingesetzt werden sollen, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This assessment is a feasibility study according to ISO 14024. It deals with the question whether an ecolabel is suitable for wood pellet heating systems and how concrete criteria for an ecolabel for wood pellet heating plants could be specified. The study begins with a comprehensive market analysis in order to identify possible plants for which an ecolabel would make sense. In the main part of the study, the environmental relevance of the chosen plants is analysed. For this analysis, plant manufacturers were interviewed and a comparison between wood pellet heating systems and heating systems which use gas, oil or wood was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, it was possible to derive a number of criteria which were discussed with company representatives and other experts in this field. As a result of this dialogue and the investigation process as a whole, the introduction of an ecolabel for wood pellet heating plants can be recommended. Wood pellet heating systems are ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships of bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and estradiol in pubertal female athletes. The participants were 170 healthy adolescent girls (13?15?years) who participated in competitive extramural athletic programs, i.e., sports games (n?=?49), track sprinting (n?=?24), rhythmic gymnastics (n?=?23), swimming (n?=?24) and cross-country skiing (n?=?17). The control group (n?=?33) consisted of girls who took part only in compulsory physical education classes at school. The whole-body BMD and femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD and BMC were measured using DXA, and the volumetric BMD was calculated. Venous blood samples to determine the concentration of IGF-1, IGFB...

Science.gov (United States)

Throughout their history, Americans have believed that citizens' fulfillment of their individual duties in a participatory democracy is at least partly met through the forming of groups around important societal issues. Given the complex nature of political socialization, this study investigated identifiable determinants of social action that might be used to advantage in educating young people for citizenship in a democracy. This study attempted to differentiate among junior high, high school and college students (N=517) who were inclined and not inclined to act on their concerns about nuclear threat with selected demographic, psychological, political, and educational variables. The results of a discriminant functional analysis indicated that in comparison with the non-action group, students in the action group were characterized by reporting less trust in government, more exposure to sources of nuclear war information, more political knowledge, a more liberal ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper addresses the major issues beginning teachers face in their first postings to rural areas in Australia. The issues go beyond pedagogy. Beginning teachers need to understand social factors affecting rural communities so they can link lessons to the realities experienced by students. Geographic isolation affects the provision of education in terms of time taken to travel, cost, terrain, and technology. Rural communities have groups that are socially isolated from each other and from the staff in schools. In order to teach effectively, teachers need to be aware of the social context of the community in which they live and work. Teachers in rural areas suffer from professional isolation and often confront teaching situations for which they have had little formal preparation. Communities in remote places often move quickly to adopt technological means to overcome their isolation. Teachers in rural areas need to identify and promote the media skills of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM) tests the quantitative fit of masks which are worn by military personnel during nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare. Subjects are placed in a Dynatech-Frontier Fit Testing Chamber, salt air is fed into the chamber, and samples of air are drawn from the mask and the chamber. The ratio of salt air outside the mask to salt air inside the mask is called the quantitative fit factor. A motion-time study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the layout and work method presently used in the laboratory. A link analysis was done to determine equipment priorities, and the link data and design guidelines were used to develop three proposed laboratory designs. The proposals were evaluated by projecting the time and motion efficiency, and the energy expended working in each design. Also evaluated were the lengths of the equipment links for each proposal, and each proposal's adherence to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most designers are not schooled in the area of human-interaction psychology and therefore tend to rely on the traditional ergonomic aspects of human factors when designing complex human-interactive workstations. Unfortunately, by ignoring the importance of the integration of the user interface at the psychophysiological level, the result can be ineffective use of a system leading to an inherently error- and failure-prone system. Therefore, to minimize failures in a human-interactive system, it is essential that designers understand how each user`s processing characteristics affect how the user gathers and processes information. By understanding the significant processing characteristics of the user, designers can implement practical and effective visual displays (or any other type of system) that are more desirable to all users. The material presented in this paper is based on a general study that involved users` perspective views of how visual displays should be ...

CERN Document Server

We address four main areas in which graduate quantum mechanics education in the U.S. can be improved: course content; textbook; teaching methods; and assessment tools. We report on a three year longitudinal study at the Colorado School of Mines using innovations in all four of these areas. In particular, we have modified the content of the course to reflect progress in the field in the last 50 years, use modern textbooks that include such content, incorporate a variety of teaching techniques based on physics education research, and used a variety of assessment tools to study the effectiveness of these reforms. We present a new assessment tool, the Graduate Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey, and further testing of a previously developed assessment tool, the Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey (QMCS). We find that graduate students respond well to research-based techniques that have previously been tested mainly in introductory courses, and that they learn a great ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A solar-driven 10-ton LiBr/H2O single-effect absorption cooling system has been designed and installed at the School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT), Phitsanulok, Thailand. Construction took place in 2005, after which this system became fully operational and has been supplying cooling for our main testing buildings air-conditioning. Data on the systems operation were collected during 2006 and analyzed to find the extent to which solar energy replaced conventional energy sources. Here, we present these data and show that the 72m2 evacuated tube solar collector delivered a yearly average solar fraction of 81%, while the remaining 19% of thermal energy required by the chiller was supplied by a LPG-fired backup heating unit. We also show that the economics of this cooling system are domi...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This official IEA report is a deliverable of IEA SHC Task 21/IEA BCS Annex 29: Daylight in Buildings. The Task focuses on daylighting systems and strategies which can be applied in new and existing buildings with a high potential electricity saving potential such as offices, schools, commercial, and institutional buildings. The daylighting performance of these strategies and systems is tested in laboratory facilities, through modeling, and in real case study buildings. This paper provides methods and procedures to evaluate the daylighting performance of real buildings. Annex 29 case studies located in Europe, North America, and Australia. It is a deliverable of Subtask D research projects. The main objective of Subtask D, as stated in the Implementing Agreement of Task 21/Annex 29, is `to demonstrate the viability of daylighting buildings in various world climatic zones as a means of achieving significant improvements in building energy efficiency while maintaining ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this text is to train engineers and technologists not just to understand corrosion but to control it. Materials selection, coatings, chemical inhibitors, cathodic and anodic protection, and equipment design are covered in separate chapters. High-temperature oxidation is discussed in the final two chapters ne on oxidation theory and one on controlling oxidation by alloying and with coatings. This book treats corrosion and high-temperature oxidation separately. Corrosion is divided into three groups: (1) chemical dissolution including uniform attack, (2) electrochemical corrosion from either metallurgical or environmental cells, and (3) stress-assisted corrosion. Corrosion is logically grouped according to mechanisms rather than arbitrarily separated into different types of corrosion as if they were unrelated. For those university students and industry personnel who approach corrosion theory very hesitantly, this text will present the electrochemical reactions responsible ...

Science.gov (United States)

This Spanish-language master's thesis presents a study which measured special education teachers' knowledge of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) virus transmission and their attitudes toward children with AIDS in schools. Attitudes were then related to social variables such as sex, teacher's age, and knowing someone with AIDS. A survey of 101 Oswego County, New York, special education teachers found that 52 percent had a moderate knowledge about AIDS transmission, and 48 percent of respondents had a positive perception of children with AIDS. Findings also indicated that teachers had received effective training and information about AIDS; teachers seemed to feel insecure about applying that knowledge to particular situations of possible risk; knowing people with AIDS provoked negative or inadequate perceptions of that population; and age, sex, and teaching experience were not related to teachers' perceptions or AIDS knowledge. Several recommendations are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Among others, one of the main activities in the Nuclear Engineering and Fluid Mechanics Department of the Engineering School in Bilbao, is the study of liquid metals behavior. And for this purpose the CFD code FLUENT is being used. Currently, the code is being applied to the use of Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) as the coolant of an accelerator driven system (ADS) and also as the target for a neutron source. In this paper, ANSALDO's Energy Amplifier Demonstration Facility is simulated, paying attention only on the coolant. As it will be later explained, natural convection is a very important issue, because the philosophy for safety systems in nuclear devices tends to consider passive technologies. The purpose is to avoid electrical machines like pumps, so the core should remain coolable, even if there is a blackout. To get this natural circulation, heat transfer plays a main role, and as turbulence enhances the heat transfer, it is important to choose a good ...

Science.gov (United States)

Childhood anxiety is impairing and associated with later emotional disorders. Studying risk factors for child anxiety may allow earlier identification of at-risk children for prevention efforts. This study applied an ecological risk model to address how early childhood anxiety symptoms, child temperament, maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, violence exposure, and sociodemographic risk factors predict school-aged anxiety symptoms. This longitudinal, prospective study was conducted in a representative birth cohort (n = 1109). Structural equation modeling was used to examine hypothesized associations between risk factors measured in toddlerhood/preschool (age = 3.0 years) and anxiety symptoms measured in kindergarten (age = 6.0 years) and second grade (age = 8.0 years). Early child risk factors (anxiety symptoms and temperament) emerged as the most robust predictor for both parent-and child-reported anxiety outcomes and mediated the effects of maternal and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Societatea Nationala Nuclearelectrica SA is the operator of the Cernavoda nuclear power plant and the second largest energy producer in Romania, after Hidroelectrica, ensuring 18% of the internal energy demand. The production of nuclear power differs from other industrial activities through the risks it involves and through the legacy it leaves to the future generations, i.e. the nuclear waste. Taking into account these considerations, public acceptance represents a constant preoccupation for nuclear companies around the world. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a new practice in the nuclear industry. After a long tradition of involvement in the life of the local community through the Social Program for Cernavoda, Nuclearelectrica has initiated a CSR campaign with the theme 'Welcome a tree in your family', addressed to pupils and high school students from Cernavoda. By this campaign, we aimed at creating relevance, not just green lots and to launch a chain of ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Committee Members Co-Chairs David Brennan, M.B.E., Senior Research Engineer, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia. Lyn Tindall, Ph.D., Speech-Language Pathologist, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky. Writing Committee Janet Brown, M.A., CCC-SLP, Director, Health Care Services, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Rockville, Maryland. Mike Campbell, M.S., M.B.A., CCC-SLP, Director of the Speech and Hearing Program, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Browns Summit, North Carolina. Jana Cason, D.H.S., OTR/L, Assistant Professor, Auerbach School of Occupational Therapy, Louisville, Kentucky. Diana Christiana, M.A.T., CCC-SLP, President/CEO, Clinical Communications, Sugar Land, TX. Alan Lee, Ph.D., P.T., D.P.T.,...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Damage survey of protective coats of modern gas turbine blade shows that most damages are not due to classic wear mechanisms such as oxydation or high-temperature corrosion but caused by foreign bodies, poor coating during manufacturing, or operation-caused cracks. Mere visual inspection of cracks is often not sufficient to tell whether cracks are superficial or whether they have already progressed into the base material. Non-destructive methods such as ultrasonic inspection or eddy-current testing are helpful tools but there is not yet a fully matured testing concept at hand. Metallographical tests can give important information about crack mechanisms and thermal, chemical and mechanical stresses.(orig.) [German] Die Schadenerfahrung mit Schutzschichten moderner Gasturbinenschaufeln zeigt, dass die meisten Schaeden nicht auf die klassischen Verbrauchsmechanismen wie Oxydation und Hochtemperaturkorrosion zurueckzufuehren sind, sondern durch Fremdkoerper, herstellungsbedingte ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nozzle-group regulation of steam turbines plays furtheron an important role in the operation of power stations owing to modern, adaptable control-technical valve timing possibilities. New procedures for a choice-connection of different nozzle areas via the control valves as well as the use of valve laps require, however, a differentiated consideration of the loss mechanism in the inlet area of the turbine, in order to be able to assess and minimize its specific heat consumption also at the operational points outside the layout- and calculation-technically fixed guarantee or valve points, respectively. The basic technical-physical stages to this are explained. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Duesengruppenregelung von Dampfturbinen nimmt nicht zuletzt dank moderner, anpassungsfaehiger leittechnischer Ventilansteuerungsmoeglichkeiten weiterhin eine bedeutende Stellung beim Betrieb von Kraftwerken ein. Neue Verfahren zur wahlweisen Zuschaltung unterschiedlicher Duesenflaechen ueber die ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blades of modern steam turbines are designed for high efficiency and operational safety. Modern computer programs enable optimisation of design but factors like manufacturing, assembly, operation and downtimes still play an important role. Damage statistics show that blade damage still quite frequent. Selected cases from the Allianz damage assessment centre show some of the more frequent damage mechanisms. Damage is often caused when several factors come together. Prevention of follow-up damage requires early identification of beginning damage.(orig.) [German] Die Auslegung der Beschaufelung moderner Dampfturbinen hat die Vorgabe, einen hohen Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitig hoher Betriebssicherheit zu erreichen. Mit den heute zur Verfuegung stehenden Rechenprogrammen ist eine entsprechende Optimierung realisierbar. Fuer die langzeitige Betriebsbewaehrung haben aber Einflussgroessen aus Fertigung, Montage, Betrieb und Stillstand auch heute noch die gleiche Bedeutung wie in der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat pumps for residential space heating become an increasingly important alternative to the conventional heating system like gas or oil burner. They offer the opportunity to reduce CO{sub 2} emission associated with heating residential homes in Germany. High compressors efficiency and a wide operating map are required so that an economically viable heat pumps is achieved which meets the operational conditions for present and future heating systems. The design parameter of existing heating systems require relatively high condensing temperatures which can be achieved with dedicated compressor designs. The design of Scroll compressors specially adapted to these heat pumps is shown and their operation is explained. (orig.) [German] Waermepumpen fuer die Wohnraumheizung gewinnen an Bedeutung als Alternative zur konventionellen Gas- oder Oelheizung. Sie bieten die Moeglichkeit, die mit der Gebaeudeheizung verbundene Emission von Kohlendioxid in Deutschland zu reduzieren. Ein hoher ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The position paper will provide the basis for further strategies on offshore wind power development in consideration of ecological and conservation aspects. [German] Das Positionspapier des Bundesministeriums fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) einschliesslich des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) und des Bundesamtes fuer Naturschutz (BfN) ist Ergebnis der Arbeiten der BMU-Projektgruppe 'Windenergienutzung im Offshore-Bereich im Hinblick auf die BMU-Anliegen'. Es beschreibt den derzeitigen Stand einer Strategie zur umwelt- und naturvertraeglichen Erschliessung der Windenergienutzung auf See (Offshore). Es bildet die Grundlage fuer die Weiterentwicklung dieser Strategie und dabei insbesondere zur Abstimmung mit den Anliegen anderer Bundesressorts und den Kuestenlaendern, sowie zur intensiveren Einbeziehung beteiligter Verbaende und Fachkreise. Vor dem Hintergrund der zur Genehmigung eingereichten Antraege fuer Offshore-Windparks, mangelnder Erfahrung der ...

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The purpose of the present study was to examine reactions between bromium atoms with {alpha}, {beta}-unsaturated carbonyls. Acrolein, methacrolein, and methyl vinyl zetone were chosen as representatives of this family. The latter two compounds, beside formaldehyde, belong to the main products of atmospheric oxidation of isoprene and have been detected in the troposphere at concentrations of up to almost 1 ppb. It is known that alkenes react with bromium via addition to form an instable adduct. This product can either decompose again into its educts or react with molecular oxygen. The aim of the study was to determine the velocities of the reactions between the three {alpha}, {beta}-unsaturated carbonyls and bromium and to clarify the involved reaction mechanisms by means of kinetic experiments and product analyses. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] In dieser Arbeit wurde die Reaktion von Bromatomen mit {alpha}, {beta}-ungesaettigten Carbonylen untersucht. Ausgewaehlt wurden Acrolein als einfachster ...

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A process model is presented and used for identifying options for controlling the cupola furnace process and for investigating natural gas substitutes. Fuel substitution will affect temperature curves (i.e. tapping temperatures and melting capacity), outlet temperatures and gas mass flow out of the preheating zone. The contribution presents several process variations to overcome these problems and compares them with the natural gas process. [German] Mit dem Prozessmodell werden zunaechst Moeglichkeiten der Steuerung von Abstichtemperatur und Schmelzleistung, insbesondere unter Beruecksichtigung der Schrottqualitaet (spezifische Oberflaeche a{sub G}), untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Prozessmodell die Ergebnisse aus der Praxis wiedergibt. Daran anschliessend wird mit dem Prozessmodell die Substitution von Erdgas durch minderwertige Gase untersucht (Brennstoffsubstitution, Ressourcenschonung). Durch die Brennstoffsubstitution veraendern sich die Temperaturverlaeufe und damit auch ...

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Metal hydrode stores are used as fuel tanks in vehicles or as stationary stores of high-purity hydrogen. Equilibrium isotherms at low pessures were measured in order to validate the laws of Henry or Sievert for hydrogen uptake of the alloy Ti{sub 0.98}Zr{sub 0.02}V{sub 0.43}Fe{sub 0.09}Cr{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.5} (patented by Daimler Benz AG, code DB5800). The laws were to provide information on whether hydrogen uptake is atomic or molecular and on the conditions in which isothermal measurements are possible. (orig.) [Deutsch] Metallhydridspeicher werden als Kraftstofftank in Fahrzeuge oder als stationaere Speicher zur Bereitstellung von Reinstwasserstoff verwendet. Fuer diese Arbeit wurden die Gleichgewichtsisothermen bei kleinen Druecken vermessen, um die Gesetze von HENRY oder SIEVERT fuer die Wasserstoffaufnahme in der Legierung Ti{sub 0.98}Zr{sub 0.02}V{sub 0.43}Fe{sub 0.09}Cr{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.5} zu pruefen. Anhand dieser Gesetze ist zu entscheiden, ob die ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The composition of alkaline and neutral boric acid containing evaporator concentrates resulting from the treatment of radioactive waste water in nuclear power plants with WWER reactors is described as well as the processing of these concentrates to a product suitable for final disposal. Tests with mock solutions of these evaporator concentrates have been performed at the laboratory and teststand scale to produce a dry residue by continuous thickening, which can be processed into a highly leach resistant product, suitable for final disposal, by cementation. Ca-compounds must be added to the evaporator concentrates prior to the drying in an rotary thin-film evaporator (RTFE). The tests showed that neutral evaporator concentrates can be dried in a RTFE with addition of small amounts of Ca-compounds. The alkaline evaporator concentrates with high boric acid and total salt load require a multiple amount of Ca-compounds and diluting water to perform the drying process. A brief description of ...

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The externally fired combined cycle (EFCC) process utilises a high temperature heat exchanger to transfer the heat of a dirty flue gas to a clean working medium. In comparison to other combined cycle concepts, like integrated gasification combined cycle or pressurized pulverized coal combustion, the problems of hot gas cleaning are avoided. The first part of the publication deals with the possible concepts and the efficiency potential of the externally fired combined cycle. The applicability of metallic and ceramic heat exchanger materials are discussed. The second part (BWK 6/02) summarizes the state of the art and presents the basic design of a ceramic heat exchanger. (orig.) [German] Der extern gefeuerte Gasturbinenprozess arbeitet mit einem Waermeuebertrager, um ein Arbeitsmedium auf Gasturbineneintrittstemperatur zu erhitzen. Im Vergleich zu Kombiprozessen mit integrierter Kohlevergasung oder Druckkohlenstaubfeuerung entfaellt damit die Heissgasreinigung. Der ...

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in stroke makes it possible to visualize the initial infarct in cases of acute cerebral ischemia. Perfusion MRI serves to determine which tissues are additionally at risk of infarction due to persistent hypoperfusion. MRI also allows those examiners with limited experience to reliably confirm an infarct. The most important differential diagnosis of cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, can likewise be recognized with certainty using MRI. Although diffusion and perfusion MRI only demonstrate the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia approximately, the method is suited for identifying those patients who would profit from reperfusion therapy. Whether MRI is also appropriate as an aid to reaching a prognosis on the risk of secondary hemorrhage has not yet been resolved. (orig.) [German] Die Schlaganfall-MRT ermoeglicht es, bei akuter zerebraler Ischaemie den bereits initial entstandenen Infarkt darzustellen. Mittels Perfusions-MRT kann erfasst werden, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shortened excerpt from the head notes: The emission limits laid down in the TA Luft concretize the scope of the measures ordered by the law to provide for protection against harmful effects on the environment. Air pollution abatement measures imposed by the competent authority as post-licensing requirements based on the BImSchG (German Federal Emission Control Act) in general are in compliance with the principle of reasonableness considering the terms allowed by the TA Luft for backfitting measures. With this decision, the court qualified the emission limits defined in the TA Luft to be substantial and legally binding standards, to be applied by the competent authorities in licensing and post-licensing administrative procedures, also in order to fulfill the intended task of concretizing the less definite concepts of law laid down in the relevant legislation. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Verkuerzte Zitierung aus den Leitsaetzen: Die in der TA Luft aufgestellten emissionsbegrenzenden ...

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Experiments for lifetime prediction of the first wall are being carried out within the framework of the European fusion reactor programme. Defects such as notches and cavities may develop in the first wall and may initiate under cyclic thermal stress cracking processes which may reduce the service life of the material. For examination of crack growth, specimens with defined initial notches were prepared and subjected to cyclic thermal loads. The paper shows that the eddy current method is suitable for detecting and revealing the crack growth processes even under conditions of complex geometry, as e.g. cracks in inner bores. The experiments indicated particularly susceptible, critical spots in the first wall and yielded crack growth rates of use for lifetime calculations. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Im Rahmen des europaeischen Fusionsreaktorprogramms werden Untersuchungen zur Lebensdauervorhersage der Ersten-Wand durchgefuehrt. Die Erste-Wand kann Fehler in Form von Lunkern und Kerben ...

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Isothermal reaction experiments were performed in the temperature range of 1000 - 1300 C in order to determine the chemical interactions between Zircaloy-4 fuel rod cladding and Inconel-718 spacer grids of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) under severe accident conditions. It was not possible to apply even higher temperatures since fast and complete liquefaction of the components occurred as a result of eutectic interactions during heatup. The liquid reaction products formed enhance and accelerate the degradation of the material couples and the fuel elements, respectively. Only small amounts of Inconel are necessary to liquefy large amounts of Zircaloy. Thin oxide layers on the Zircaloy surface delay the beginning of the chemical interactions with Inconel but cannot prevent them. In this work the reaction kinetics have been determined for the system: as-received and pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4/Inconel 718. The interactions can be described by parabolic rate laws; the Arrhenius equations for ...

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Two spreading experiments were performed at the FARO facility with prototypical core melts of a UO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2} weight percentage of 80/20. The objective was to obtain data on the spreading at flow rates of about 2 l/s of more than 100 kg prototypic high temperature oxide melt on a dry and wet stainless steel plate. For the second spreading test a shallow water layer of 10 mm was added on the substrate. Solutions for an isothermal spreading with a constant volume flux boundary condition in a sector with an angle {phi} are used to analyse the FARO L-32S experiment and to identify the source of discrepancies between the code results (THEMA, CORFLOW) and the experimental findings. The observed spreading behaviour of both FARO experiments can only be explained if an initial melt temperature below the liquidus temperature, i.e. about 120 K lower than the temperature measured by the UTS sensors is assumed. (orig.) [German] Zwei Ausbreitungsexperimente mit einer UO{sub 2}/ZrO{sub 2} ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The transport-relevant basic data recorded within the framework of a federation-wide transport data survey made in 1986 are the best-founded source at present for determining the transport volume of other radioactive materials in different economic areas of the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the high recording rates, a sufficiently complete survey can be provided in particular with regard to the transport volume (e.g.transports/consignments/cargos, transport distance) - with the exception of transport by ship - for the ranges of application in reserach, medicine and technology. However, as regards the radiologically relevant basic data and transport modalities, the information supplied by the transporting agencies is incomplete. A table gives a comprehensive survey of type and scope of the transport volume of other radioactive materials in the Federal Republic of Germany (excluding the GDR) for transport by road, rail and air. The table also includes data on the dose rate of ...

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The ECOTEC is a mass-efficient gasoline DOHC 4-valve per cylinder engine with balance shafts, chain driven camshafts and roller finger followers with hydraulic lash adjusters for valve actuation. It has lightweight aluminium components such as camcover, cylinder head, cylinder block, lower crankcase and structural oil pan. Other features include composite intake manifold and a coil-on-plug ignition cassette. The ECOTEC combustion system and engine architecture are optimized for low engine out and tail pipe emissions. It also includes several designed-in 'green' features for environmental benefits. The product design, development and validation process drew upon the best knowledge and practices available worldwide both inside and outside General Motor. The manufacturing systems were also designed by leveraging the best available knowledge around the world resulting in implementation of world class processes and error proofing to achieve the competitive edge in product ...

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Several components of high-temperature reactor units have roller bearings in order to carry out their motions without much friction. The use of such bearings poses friction and wear problems which cannot be mastered by commercial roller bearing technology. Possible improvements of coating, cage design and bearing materials as well as of their parameters were registered and studied. The service life of dry lubricated bearings was considerably improved. With a radial or axial load on the bearing of {>=} 10% of the static load, {approx_equal} 20x10{sup 6} rolling motions/actuations can be performed. The connections between surface compression and wear were determined, and optimum conditions for the transfer of lubricants from the cage onto the bearing race were worked out. Coating of corrosion-resistant roller bearing steels with the HRB-M{sub 0}S{sub 2} running-in coating could be proved. New cage designs and materials were tested with positive results. Alternative coatings (thin ...

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Sprayforming offers the possibility to produce a variety of preforms in a single step directly from the melt. Numerous processing parameters ensure high flexibility but require detailed knowledge concerning the microstructure of sprayformed material depending on chemical composition and processing parameters. Within the current study fundamental investigations using unalloyed and low alloy steel grades (C15, C105, 100Cr6) for sprayforming of plates and billets have been performed concerning the influence of chromium and carbon content and selected processing parameters. Sprayformed preforms revealed austenite grain sizes up to 500 {mu}m depending on the development of porosity. Different types of porosity have been detected which can be associated with incomplete densification due to high cooling rates, solidification shrinkage and entrapped nitrogen. Atomisation gas pressure and carbon content are parameters of primary importance. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the year 1996 the spheres of competence of several DLR-Institutes working in the areas of fluid dynamics, reaction kinetics, combustion, numerical methods and laser measuring techniques have been brought together while contributing to the internal DLR project 'combustion chamber modelling (BKM)', in order to proceed with the computational simulation of combustion processes in combustion chambers of gas turbines. The main issue was the development of a research code for numerical simulation of fluid flow in real combustion chambers. Here the development of computational models of physical and chemical processes was emphasized, among other processes the formation of soot was treated. Moreover, a worldwide outstanding database of measured data for the purpose of code validation has been created within the framework of the BKM project using the laboratory facilities of the DLR, which are in Germany unique for the experimental investigation of the various processes in ...

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Previous AIX development environment experience with ASC White and Early Delivery systems UV and UM was leveraged to provide a smooth and robust transition to the Purple development environment. Still, there were three major changes that initially caused serious problems for Purple users. The first was making 64-bit builds of executables the default instead of 32-bit. The second was requiring all executables to use large page memory. The third was the phase-out of the popular, but now defunct, third-party C++ compiler KCC, which required the migration of many codes to IBM's xlC C++ compiler. On Purple, the default build environment changed from 32-bit builds to 64-bit builds in order to enable executables to use the 4GB per processor (32GB per node) memory available, and in order for the MPI library to do collective optimizations that required the larger 64-bit address space. The 64-bit build environment was made default by setting the IBM environment ...

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The nuclear structure of A {proportional_to} 100 nuclei has been studied in the frame of this thesis with a recently developed {beta} - {gamma} - {gamma} triple coincidence fast timing technique and different models such as shell model, hydrodynamic model, Nilsson and particle-rotor models. This technique which allows the measurement of the level lifetimes in the ps range has been applied at JOSEF at the research reactor DIDO of KFA Juelich in studes of the short-lived neutron-rich nuclei in the A {approx_equal} 100 region. Lifetimes of level in {sup 96},{sup 98},{sup 100} ZR, {sup 99},{sup 101}-{sup 104} Nb, {sup 100}-{sup 105} Mo have been measured, which are in many cases completely new, and otherwise more precise than previously published data. From the lifetimes of the members of rotational bands, the size of the nuclear deformations has been deduced. (orig./HSI). [Deutsch] Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde die Kernstruktur der A {proportional_to} 100 Kerne untersucht. Dazu ...

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60 patients between 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The length of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a large filling volume ...

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Parallel imaging and echo sharing techniques have markedly reduced the acquisition times for MRI of large volumes. Dynamic 2 and 3-dimensional data sets of the chest with high temporal resolution (up to 10 images/s with single slice and 2 volume/s) allow an analysis of respiratory motion of the lungs and tumors. Time-resolved 2D series in preselected planes can be used to observe respiratory motion during free breathing or after respiratory commands, e.g. to exclude chest wall invasion by a tumor or for diagnosing impairment of respiratory mechanics. Time-resolved 3D-series (4D-MRI) allow monitoring of the spatial displacement of the lungs and tumors as a whole volume. Present limitations such as an overestimation of tumor size and an underestimation of displacement due to a limited temporal resolution are expected to be overcome with further technical developments. However, 4D-MRI already appears to be the appropriate tool to select patients for motion-adapted radiotherapy. In ...

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To determined precisely a possible connection between the amount of copper in tap-water and the risk of early childhood liver disease, it was attempted through an epidemiological survey, to determine the extent of excessive concentrations of copper in the tap-water of households with copper pipes. Water samples from 956 households were tested for copper, and the state of health of the infants in these households was documented. Infants who had been fed using water with a copper concentration of 0.8 mg/l or more received a paediatric examination with a blood serum analysis to rule out any liver damage. A copper level greater than 0.8 mg/l was found in only 2% of the households examined. Eight infants were examined by a paediatrician and their serum was analysed. These infants had either been breast-fed to the 12th week or had received more than 200 ml of tap water per day during first 12 months. None of the infants examined showed any signs of liver malfunction. From the results of the ...

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Purpose: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a fairly uncommon disease in Europe. This often leads to its late diagnosis. The syndrome is characterised by portal hypertension and splanchnic congestion due to obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. This paper describes the treatment of three patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome by interventional therapeutic techniques and discusses alternative treatment modalities. Patients and Methods: The first patient presented with veno-occlusive disease and was treated by the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stentshunt. The second patient showed an occlusion of the major hepatic veins. After percutaneous recanalisation, a stent was placed in the right hepatic vein which remained patent. The third patient had a membranous obstruction of the right hepatic vein which was treated by percutaneous balloon dilatation. Results: In all patients the clinical symptoms resolved completely after treatment and no complications were encountered. ...

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Maintenance of power stations so far operated on the concept of using or extending the expected service life of a machine or plant as far as possible in order to avoid early and costly replacement. This was done by means of time-oriented maintenance, inspection and repair, otherwise called preventive maintenance. A European study on maintenance methods totals the cost of these measures at between 140 to 200 billion DM. One way of reducing these costs is 'predictive maintenance'. Estimated savings are about 8 percent or between 12 and 16 billion DM per year. Predictive maintenance identifies irregulaties of machine parts at an early point in time by means of condition monitoring and can help to cut costs: unplanned repairs can be avoided; repairs can be fitted into production schedules; production will not be disturbed to to unforeseen repairs, optimised spare part warehousing helps to cut costs. Predictive maintenance aims at keeping availability high, give maximum ...

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The paper presents fundamental studies on natural biosorption to algae of heavy metals. The investigations were carried out by TU Berlin University in a special research project (Sfb 193, 'Biologische Behandlung industrieller und gewerblicher Abwaesser'). The chlorophyceae C. vulgaris was used as reference alga, and 38 further algae were analzyed with regard to their sorption characteristics for lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. The most effective algae were the chlorophyceae C. salina, the cyanophyceae S. hofmani and L. taylorii. The biosorption characteristics of C. salina and L. taylorii were investigated in detail. L. taylorii was found to be exploitable successfully in a technical process, so the investigations were extended to include copper. Knowledge about the chemical processes of biosorption is important for any attempt to modify the biosorption characteristics. Experiments on the incorporation of additional functional groups in the cell wall polysaccharides ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Storing electrical energy in batteries is not a viable option for sustaining a country's energy economy. The mass and volume, as well as the costs, of electrochemical components required for this would be beyond all reason. Nevertheless, in certain applications the storage of electrical energy does have significant advantages over other technologies. For example, electrically powered road vehicles emit no exhaust fumes and very little noise at their place of operation. In this way they contribute substantially to air and noise pollution control in urban areas. Photovoltaic applications permit environmentally friendly electricity applications in places remote from the public grid where conventional solutions are prohibitively expensive. More than in the past, battery systems today have to meet a wide range of technical, economic and ecological requirements in order to be marketable. This is why the ''Zoxy'' zinc-air battery system was ...

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This paper presents an overview of research conducted with the support of the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, at the University of Melbourne, School of Earth Sciences, Radiochemical Neutron Activation Laboratory. The primary objective of this research is to realize the high potential of the platinum group elements (PGE) and gold to the solution of petrogenetic problems, the study of magma generation and magmatic processes in mafic/ultramafic rock suites, as tracers in hydrothermal ore formation. The PGEs (Os, Ru, Ir, Pt, Pd and Rh) are among the least abundant of all elements on earth with unique properties such as high melting points, high electrical and thermal conductivity, high density, strength and toughness as alloys. They exhibit both siderophile and chalcophile characteristics and are valuable tools in providing information about magmatic processes, in particular S-saturation, as well as crystal fractionation trends. Two distinct ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thirty-two asthmatic volunteers 8 to 16 yr of age, recruited through local schools and private physicians, were exposed in a chamber to clean air (control condition) and to sulfuric acid aerosol at a low concentration (46 +/- 11 micrograms/m3; mean +/- SD) and at a high concentration (127 +/- 21 micrograms/m3). Acid aerosols had mass median aerodynamic diameters near 0.5 microns with geometric standard deviations near 1.9. Temperature was 21 degrees C, and relative humidity was near 50%. Subjects were exposed with unencumbered oronasal breathing for 30 min at rest plus 10 min at moderate exercise (ventilation rate approximately 20 L/min/m2 of body surface). A subgroup (21 subjects) were exposed similarly to clean air and to high acid (134 +/- 20 micrograms/m3) with 100% oral breathing. Increased symptoms and bronchoconstriction were found after exercise under all exposure conditions. For the group, symptom and lung function responses were not statistically ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In front of the risks linked with the increase of the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, the decision makers must take into consideration first, the scientific advice of climatic change experts, and second, the considerable inertia of the climatic system. Thus, any action implemented so far will have an impact all along the 21. century and later whatever the future human activities. The aim of this memento is to sensibilize the decision makers about the possible consequences of their choice in terms of volume of greenhouse gases and of medium- and long-term evolution: 1 - stakes, role of local decision-makers (greenhouse effect and climatic change, France's international commitment, stakes, liabilities of local decision makers, decentralization laws, local plans of fight against greenhouse effect, public information and dialogue); 2 - urbanism and transports (urban displacements, alternatives to individual cars, collective transportation systems, parking, inter-region ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study by the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Texas, has compared the shelter processing transfer of chemical warfare agent simulant vapor for subjects wearing unwashed and laundered ground-crew chemical defense overgarments. Twice laundered and four times laundered protective garments were included in the assessment. Test subjects, wearing the unwashed and laundered protective garments were initially sprayed with liquid simulant (methyl salicylate) to a target density of 5 g m-2. They were then sequentially processed into and through the USAFSAM Collective Protection Shelter (SCPS-2B) test facility. Immediately upon entry to the Toxic-Free Area, the subjects were confined in individual off gassing booths for 2 h while offgassed simulant vapor concentration in the booths was recorded. The resulting mean maximum vapor concentrations recorded in the booths for subjects who had worn unwashed and laundered overgarments prior to booth entry ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

After ten years' investigation of radon's seasonal variation at three very different locations, as well as radon concentration measurements in kindergartens, schools, air-raid shelters and cellars, systematic indoor radon measurements were undertaken in dwellings (residential buildings) of Osijek (East Croatia, 130andpuncsp; omitted000 citizens). Indoor radon was measured by means of the LR-115 SSNT detector at 48 town locations that gave an arithmetic mean of 71.6 Bq/m{sup 3}, standard deviation of 44.0 Bq/m{sup 3} and geometric mean of 60.1 Bq/m{sup 3}, for the radon concentration range from 22.7 to 185.6 Bq/m{sup 3}. Radon measurements, performed by the silicon Radhome detector, did not differ significantly. The empirical frequency distribution of radon concentrations, with the class width of 20 Bq/m{sup 3}, was in accordance with the theoretical log-normal distribution which was shown with the {chi}{sup 2}-test. The radon map pointed out a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The undeniable success in controlling some preventable communicable respiratory diseases in Europe has created an impression that respiratory infections are no longer as dangerous as they once were, and efforts of public health services should be concentrated on other problems. However, epidemiological data do not exactly confirm this optimistic view, as acute respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death in Europe. When morbidity statistics - which are usually less reliable - are considered, acute respiratory infections in Europe take the lead among all communicable diseases. For example, each year 15% of the population in Spain and 30% of the population in the United Kingdom have a recorded acute respiratory disease. Several environmental risk factors of acute respiratory diseases have been recorded, the main ones being indoor and outdoor air pollution, overcrowding in dwellings and public transport, and poor indoor climate. Improvement of the indoor climate of dwellings ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE), through Argonne National Laboratory, and in cooperation with Natural Resources-Canada and Chrysler Canada, sponsored and organized the 1996 Propane Vehicle Challenge (PVC). For this competition , 13 university teams from North America each received a stock Chrysler minivan to be converted to dedicated propane operation while maintaining maximum production feasibility. The converted vehicles were tested for performance (driveability, cold- and hot-start, acceleration, range, and fuel economy) and exhaust emissions. Of the 13 entries for the 1996 PVC, 10 completed all of the events scheduled, including the emissions test. The schools used a variety of fuel-management, fuel-phase and engine-control strategies, but their strategies can be summarized as three main types: liquid fuel-injection, gaseous fuel-injection, and gaseous carburetor. The converted vehicles performed similarly to the gasoline minivan. The University of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal found abundantly in the environment. Children of women exposed to cadmium during pregnancy display lower motor and perceptual abilities. High cadmium body burden in children is also related to impaired intelligence and lowered school achievement. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular basis of developmental neurotoxicity in the sensitive early life stages of animals. In this study, we explore neurological deficits caused by cadmium during early embryonic stages in zebrafish by examining regionalization of the neural tube, pattern formation and cell fate determination, commitment of proneural genes and induction of neurogenesis. We show that cadmium-treated embryos developed a smaller head with unclear boundaries between the brain subdivisions, particularly in the mid-hindbrain region. Embryos display normal anterior to posterior regionalization; however, the commitment of neural progenitor cells was affected ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The disruption of primary innate immune function of the epidermal layer of the skin accounts for the susceptibility of individuals using bleaching agents to localized or systemic infections. This subverted innate immunity in these people may lead to other pathological conditions. The resultant effects of skin bleaching and phagocytes activation in response to infections have not been studied in Nigerians using bleaching agents. The present study therefore assessed the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, total antioxidant potential (TAP), total plasma peroxides (TPP), oxidative stress index (OSI) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the users bleaching agents. Thirty (30) people who had used bleaching agents for average of 4.9 + 1.2 years participated in this study. They were recruited from various schools and markets within the city of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Thirty apparently healthy staffs of University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibaadan, Nigeria, who had never ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a central supervision authority the National Electrical Safety Board (Elsaekerhetsverket) has the main responsibility for the safety of high voltage power lines and other power electric equipment. It is therefore also responsible for questions concerning the effects of power frequency magnetic fields on the environment. According to the rules it is not allowed to draw overhead power lines with a voltage exceeding 1000 V above buildings. Their minimum distance to buildings must not be below 5 m. For regions comprised by rural development plans the directions prescribe a minimum distance of 10 m between buildings and high voltage transmission lines with a voltage of 55 kV or more. The publication of two large epidemiological studies about exposure to magnetic fields and cancer in Sweden in autumn 1992 has brought magnetic fields problems to general notice again. A statement on health risks form electromagnetic fields was issued by SSI in January 1993. SSI and Elsaekerhetsverket ...

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The role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of preoperative and postoperative complications caused by acquired cholesteatomas will be described in this paper. The pre- and postoperative imaging of the temporal bone was performed with HRCT and MRI. HRCT and MRI were performed in the axial and coronal plane. MRI was done with T2 weighted and T1 weighted sequences both before and after the intravenous application of contrast material. All imaging findings were confirmed clinically or surgically. The preoperative cholesteatoma-caused complications depicted by HRCT included bony erosions of the ossicles, scutum, facial canal in the middle ear, tympanic walls including the tegmen tympani, and of the labyrinth. The preoperative cholesteatoma-caused complications depicted by MRI included signs indicative for labyrinthitis, and brain abscess. Postoperative HRCT depicted bony erosions caused by recurrent cholesteatoma, bony defects ...

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The staging of patients with multiple myeloma demands sensitive imaging methods for the assessment of the skeletal system. MRI allows for direct visualization of the bone marrow which exhibits five different infiltration patterns in multiple myeloma: 1. normal appearance of the bone marrow, 2. focal involvement, 3. homogeneous diffuse infiltration, 4. combined diffuse and focal infiltration, 5. ''salt and pepper'' pattern with inhomogeneous bone marrow signals due to multiple fat islands. The combination of T1w-SE and STIR sequences is best suited for detecting all infiltration patterns and for the differential diagnoses e. g. hemangiomas. With parallel imaging in MRI, acquisition times can be markedly reduced and whole-body screening of the bone marrow can be achieved within 30 min. MRI is superior to radiography for the detection of focal as well as diffuse infiltration. Multidetector computed tomography and especially 16- and 64-detector row ...