British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The load-carrying capacity and ultimate deformation capacity of timber-concrete composite systems can be significantly influenced by the ductility of the connection between the two materials. The use of more ductile connections can increase the load-carrying capacity of the composite system as well as its ultimate deformation capacity. In this work, the potential increase that might be expected for these two parameters due to the use of ductile connections will be assessed through numerical simulations, taking the non-linear behaviour of the connections into account. Furthermore, the connection ductility required to achieve the maximum load capacity depends on the mechanical properties of the connection as well as on the geometric and mechanical properties of the composite system. There ar...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silanization of the silica gel surface in the synthesis of silica gel polyamine composites uses (chloropropyl)-trichlorosilane (CPTCS). It is possible to substitute a molar fraction of reagent CPTCS with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), creating a mixed silane surface layer. Two types of silica gels were modified with a series of MTCS:CPTCS molar ratios. Solid-state CP/MAS 29Si and 13C NMR spectroscopies were used to evaluate the surface silane composition. Surface silane coverage was markedly improved for the resulting gels. When polyamines were grafted to the resultant MTCS:CPTCS silane layers, it was shown that the decrease in the number of propyl attachments to the polyamine resulted in increased quantities of ''free amines''. Optimum MTCS:CPTCS ratios were determined for three polyamines grafted onto one silica gel. A substantial free amine increase was observed for poly(allylamine) (PAA). Metal uptake studies show increases in ...

Science.gov (United States)

... kg/m3 density. The Rohacell foam displayed an average ultimate compressive strength of 1546 kPa. The maximum load ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Isometric/isokinetic muscle strength and isokinetic endurance of the lower extremities as well as aerobic capacity were evaluated in 67 patients (43 female, 24 male; mean age 53 years, range 23-65)...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... 28 Thickness vs Ultimate Compressive Strength for LM-833 Magnesia. ... Ultimate Tensile Stress (S) = 0. 112 * 0. 012 Ultimate Compressive Strength ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geologic sequestration is currently being practiced and scientifically evaluated as a critical component in a broad strategy, comprising new practices and technologies, for mitigating global climate change due to anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Demonstrating that geologic sequestration of CO2 is safe and effective, and gaining public acceptance of sequestration technologies are critically important in meeting these global climate change challenges. Monitored field-scale demonstrations of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide will contribute greatly toward growing trust and confidence in the technology; however, pilot demonstrations ultimately will not be the norm for new geological sequestration deployments. Instead, scientists, engineers, regulators, and ultimately the public will rely on numerical simulations to predict the performance of geologic repositories for carbon dioxide sequestration. The U.S. Department of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report is the second of three describing the geology of coal quality variations in the foothills and mountains region of Alberta. The Lower Cretaceous Luscar Group, Lower Paleocene Coalspur Formation, and the Upper Paleocene Paskapoo Formation (Obed-Marsh coal zone, which is classified as a foothills deposit) are evaluated. Data on proximate and ultimate analysis variables, calorific analysis, vitrinite reflectance, maceral analyses, and coal quality relationships are presented. The coals range from low volatile bituminous to subbituminous A. Regional and local in seam coal quality variations are examined. 49 refs., 39 figs., 6 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Design of pipe whip restraints requires a knowledge of the maximum allowable unsupported pipe length. This paper presents a numerical method for calculating this critical length of the pipe. Salient features of the method are: (1) as a flow rounds an elbow, it exerts a transverse kick and an axial thrust to the pipe, both the axial thrust and the bending moment are considered; (2) the jet force is applied in an abrupt manner, the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is determined from the load-deflection (H-{Delta}) curve of the pipe, by taking into consideration large strain, large deformation and the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of the piping material; (3) the ultimate capacity of the pipe under the combined action of an axial force and a bending moment is governed by an interaction formula. The maximum unsupported pipe length is calculated from this formula. Only the formulas and derivation are presented. Numerical results and design ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silicon thin film with thickness in range 1000-5300 A deposited on rough Cu foil by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering is used as anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The SEM, XRD and TEM analysis reveals that the Si thin film has a floccular nano-sized multi-crystalline structure. Li ions insertion/extraction evaluation is performed mainly with constant current charge/discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV) at room temperature. The cycleability and reversible discharge capacity are found to depend on the film thickness, and thinner films give larger accommodation capacity. A 3120 A Si film provides a reversible specific capacity over 3500 mA hg{sup -1} with excellent cycleability under 0.5 C charge/discharge rate.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper the diffusion of tritiated water vapor into concrete walls is studied to evaluate tritiated water retention capacity of a fusion reactor concrete building. Using a model of the tritiated water diffusion determined form experimental results, depth profiles of tritiated water in concrete are calculated in the case of being exposed to air containing tritiated water vapor during the normal operational condition of a fusion reactor. A 0.5-m-thick concrete is sufficient for reactor hall walls from a viewpoint of the tritium containment.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of key metallurgical variables on the low fluence hardening in a set of A533B model steels were evaluated over a wide range of irradiation temperatures. Above about 163 degrees C hardening increased with higher copper and nickel contents, as is typical of the pressure vessel operating regime around 290 degrees C. However, at 121 degrees C the hardening was generally lower and unaffected by copper and nickel variations. This observation of decreased hardening with lower temperature (e.g. an open-quotes invertedclose quotes temperature dependence) is tentatively attributed to a reduced contribution of copper precipitation. Tensile data for a set of commercial steels with a range of (uncontrolled) compositions also showed minimal sensitivity to copper variations at 121 degrees C. Unlike the hardness data no systematic reductions in the yield stress increases were observed between 163 and 121 degrees C. However, the ultimate tensile ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD421949. Title : Ultimate Compressive Strength and Nonlinear Stress-Strain Curves of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates,. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... In fact, for dynamic loading, the ultimate compressive strength can be more than doubled (Bischoff and Perry 1991), whereas the ultimate uniaxial ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Digital radiography for diagnosis of chest diseases using Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) was evaluated. The results were as follows; 1. Compared to the conventional chest X-ray films, various types of image enhancement could be made by manipulation of the digital information such as tone conversion, spatial frequency modification etc. 2. Digital radiography lessens the X-ray exposure dose and will ultimately permit speedy transmission of image data from outlying clinics to central processing hospitals. 3. Digital radiographic images are useful in chest X-ray diagnosis especially in mass surveys for lung cancer and in primary care medicine because of its full imaging capability. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

The static thermophysical properties of the molten salt system like LiF-NaF-BeF2 influence the design and construction of the fuel salt and coolant in the Molten Salt Reactor for the new generation. In this paper, the equation of state of the ternary system 0.15LiF-0.58NaF-0.27BeF2, over the temperature range from 873.15K to 1073.15K at one atmosphere pressure, is described by using modified Peng-Robinson equation. The density of the ternary system is evaluated by this equation directly, and compared with the experimental data. Base on the equation of state, the other static thermophysical properties such as the enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity at constant pressure are evaluated by the fugacity coefficient and residual function methods respectively. The density calculated by Peng-Robinson equation is in highly agreement with the experimental data, and the enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The static thermodynamic properties of the molten salt system like LiF-NaF-BeF_2 influence the design and construction of the fuel salt and coolant in the Molten Salt Reactor for the new generation. In this paper, the equation of state of the ternary system 15%LiF-58%NaF-27%BeF_2, over the temperature range of 873.15K to 1073.15K at one atmosphere pressure, is described using Peng-Robinson equation modified by us. And the density of the ternary system is evaluated by this equation directly, and compared with the experimental data. Base on the equation of state, the other static thermodynamic properties such as the enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity at constant pressure are estimated by the residual function method and the fugacity coefficient method respectively. The density calculated by Peng-Robinson equation is in highly agreement with the experimental data, and the enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity ...

Science.gov (United States)

... and testing of unidirectional composites, there are serious doubts about the possibility of obtaining a true ultimate compressive strength for this kind ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:9189200

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The CO2 adsorption capacity of the low-cost solid sorbents of waste tire char (TC) and chicken waste char (CW) was compared with commercial active carbon (AC) and 5?? zeolite (ZA) using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), pressurized TG, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sorbents were degassed in a TG up to 150??C to release all gases on the surface of the sample, then cooled down to the designed temperature for adsorption. TG results indicated that the CO2 adsorption capacity of TC was higher than that of CW, but lower than those of AC and ZA. The maximum adsorption rate of TC at 50??C was 0.61% min?1, lower than that of AC, but higher than that of CW, 0.44% min?1. The maximum adsorption rate of ZA at 50??C was 3.1% min?1. When the pressure was over 4?bar, the adsorption rate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ultimate goal of this research is to generate and apply novel technologies to speed completion and integration of the human genome map and sequence with biomedical problems. To do this, techniques were developed and genome-wide resources generated. This includes a genome-wide Mapped and Integrated BAC/PAC Resource that has been used for gene finding, map completion and anchoring, breakpoint definition and sequencing. In the last period of the grant, the Human Mapped BAC/PAC Resource was also applied to determine regions of human variation and to develop a novel paradigm of primate evolution through to humans. Further, in order to more rapidly evaluate animal models of human disease, a BAC Map of the mouse was generated in collaboration with the MTI Genome Center, Dr. Bruce Birren.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 200 ft. tall stack, consisting of a concrete chimney with an independent acid proof brick liner built in the 1950`s, serving the Separations facility at the Savannah River Site (SRS), was evaluated for the performance category 3 (PC3) level of Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) effects. The inelastic energy absorption capacity of the concrete chimney was considered in the evaluation of the earthquake resistance, in particular, to compute the F{sub {mu}} factor. The calculated value of F{sub {mu}} exceeded 3.0, while the seismic demand for the PC3 level, using an F{sub {mu}} value of 1.5, was found to be less than the capacity of the concrete chimney. The capacity formulation of ACI 307 was modified to incorporate the effect of an after design opening on the tension side. There are considerable uncertainties in determining the earthquake resistance of the independent brick liner. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report summarizes the evaluation and recommendations regarding an approach to wetland sampling and characterization developed by the Wetlands Research Program (WRP) at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. Between trials, team members discussed at length the methodology and field protocols and modified them to reflect the conditions and difficulties encountered in sampling herbaceous wetlands in urban areas of Florida. Major emphasis is placed on the appropriateness of measured variables for determining successful wetland re-creation. Numerous physical and biological parameters were measured and compared in the nine created and nine natural wetlands. Analysis of these data has shown some important similarities and differences between created and natural wetlands and lends insight into the complex questions surrounding wetland creation and the equivalency of created wetlands to naturally occurring wetlands. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes research and development activities at the University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada on Optimization of CO{sub 2} Extraction Process Technologies. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop better and more effective CO{sub 2} separation processes which can be used to recover CO{sub 2} from industrial sources such as coal-fired power plants and coal gasification complexes at the lowest possible capital and operating costs. The research program has been supported by Saskatchewan Power Corporation, Saskatchewan Energy and Mines, Prairie Coal Ltd., the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), Fluor Daniel Inc. (USA), Sulzer Chemtech (Switzerland), Wascana Energy Inc., and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Currently, six parallel and complementary projects have been carried out at the Process Systems Laboratory. These projects are: (1) Searching for new sterically hindered amines for high ...

Science.gov (United States)

The mechanical properties of metal stents are important parameters in the consideration of stent design, matched to resist arterial recoil and vascular spasm. The purpose of this study was to develop a system for a standardized quantitative evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of various coronary stents. Several types of stents were compressed by external hydrostatic pressure. The stent diameter was assessed by placing a pair of small ultrasonic sono-crystals on the stent. From pressure-strain diagrams the ultimate strength and radial stiffness for each stent were determined. For all stents, except the MICRO-II and the Wiktor stent, the diameter decreased homogeneously until an ultimate compressive strength was exceeded, causing an abrupt collapse. Expanded to 3 mm, the mechanical behavior of the beStent, the Crown and the Palmaz-Schatz stent (PS153-series) were comparable. The spiral articulated Palmaz-Schatz stent ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In Chapter 2 the evaluation methods of input ground motions for seismic design are summarized and especially the empirical and/or stochastic Green's function method is introduced in order to calculate the broadband strong motions based on the physically reliable fault model. Then the evaluation procedure is applied to the Ulsan fault system near which Wolsung nuclear power plant is located. In chapter3, the PSHA case studies for Wolsung NPP site are performed, in which multi attenuation equations of earthquake motions are adopted. Moreover, the results of seismic hazard evaluation for eight sites in Korea are shown. In addition, the contents of two literatures on seismic hazard evaluation are introduced. In chapter 4, isolation devices for emergency diesel generator have been studied. The models for friction-pendulum system, high damping rubber bearing and natural rubber bearing are developed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This bibliography contains citations concerning theoretical aspects and industrial applications of activated charcoal. Topics include absorption capacity and mechanism studies, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects, and properties descriptions and evaluations. Applications include utilzation in water analyses and waste treatment, air pollution control and measurement, and in nuclear facilities. (This updated bibliography contains 160 citations, 14 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large majority of stars and their lines are white dwarfs, the ultimate stellar stage whose structure and properties still fascinate astrophysicists.

Science.gov (United States)

Ultimate Compressive Strength of Short Sheet-Stringer Panels With Special. Reference to the Influence of the Riveted Connection Between Sheet and. Stringer ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Problems investigated in various basic hollowness ratios include ultimate compressive strength, fatigue properties, buckling characteristics, and ...

Science.gov (United States)

... populations ..... 63 34 Vertebral ultimate compressive strength for various populations ..... 64 35 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The economic feasibility of using granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove organic contaminants from industrial and municipal wastewater is contingent upon its reuse during multiple adsorption-regeneration cycles. The most common process for the regeneration of GAC is the thermal method. Drawbacks associated with thermal regeneration include a 5--10% loss of carbon due to oxidation and attrition, a decrease in adsorption capacity, and high energy costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regeneration of GAC using hydrothermal technology. Phenol contaminated and non-contaminated GAC samples were regenerated using supercritical water (411 deg C and 26.2 MPa) with dissolved oxygen concentrations of 0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. For comparative purposes, GAC was regenerated using subcritical water (300 deg C and 12.4 MPa) with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/L. Regenerated GAC samples were evaluated in terms of adsorption ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents a computer-aided analysis of the combined use of ventilation and structural heat capacity and insulation as a means of saving air-conditioning power in digital telephone exchanges. It is shown that such savings can be effected by increasing air change with outdoor cool air at night, and when feasible, also in daytime, through the air change unit, in a conventional airconditioning cycle. The total thermal time constant (TTTC) method of calculation used enables the evaluation of daily or seasonal heat-flow balance for a given indoor temperature, considering the tendency of the heat capacity of the building and of envelope components to flatten the fluctuations of this temperature.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Most countries worldwide nowadays apply Environmental Assessment (EA) as an ex ante tool to evaluate environmental impacts of policies, plans, programmes, and projects. However, the application and performance of EA differ significantly. Scientific analysis of how EA performs mainly focuses on two levels: the micro (or project) level and the macro (or system) level. Macro level analysis usually focuses on institutions for EA and the organisation of stakeholder interaction in EA. This article proposes a more comprehensive framework for analysing EA systems that combines other approaches with a capacity approach and an explicit consideration of the context in which EA systems are developed and performed. In order to illustrate the value of our framework, we apply it to the Republic of Yemen,...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents an analysis of the applicability of alternative systems for electric vehicle (EV) heating and air conditioning (HVAC). The paper consists of two parts. The first part is a cooling and heating load calculation for electric vehicles. The second part is an evaluation of several systems that can provide the desired cooling and heating in EVs. These systems are ranked according to their overall weight The overall weight is calculated by adding the system weight and the weight of the battery necessary to provide energy for system operation. The system with the minimum overall weight is considered to be the best, because minimum vehicle weight decreases the energy required for propulsion, and therefore increases the vehicle range. Three systems are considered as the best choices for EV HVAC. These are, vapor compression, ice storage and adsorption systems. These systems are evaluated, including calculations of system weight, system ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report is the user's manual of seismic system reliability analysis code SECOM2 (Seismic Core Melt Frequency Evaluation Code Ver.2) developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute for systems reliability analysis, which is one of the tasks of seismic probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The SECOM2 code has many functions such as: Calculation of component failure probabilities based on the response factor method, Extraction of minimal cut sets (MCSs), Calculation of conditional system failure probabilities for given seismic motion levels at the site of an NPP, Calculation of accident sequence frequencies and the core damage frequency (CDF) with use of the seismic hazard curve, Importance analysis using various indicators, Uncertainty analysis, Calculation of the CDF taking into account the effect of the correlations of responses and capacities of components, and Efficient sensitivity analysis by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vertical thin film evaporators have been used to concentrate and dry solutions because their rotating swing blades prevent scale from being deposited on the heated surfaces. Powdering capacity of the vertical thin film evaporator was examined experimentally for drying applications of radioactive liquid waste generated from nuclear power plants. As a result, it was found that the powdering capacity increased with the blade rotation, changing significantly in the low ratational region and scarcely in the high rotational region. The powdering capacity in the high rotational region was restricted by the lack of heat flux which was theoretically evaluated for the concentrating process. As the critical factor in the low rotational region was not clear, a visual test apparatus was made to observe flow patterns in the evaporator, and a powdering model was obtained. This model showed that powdering process was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biodiesel can be produced from numerous materials, including by-products of animal chain. In this scenario, the chicken's oil, that is located and an environment not explored for biodiesel production, can be a good alternative in South and Southeast Brazilian Region, where they are slaughtered around 9.100.000 chickens per day. In order to determine the specific consumption from a generator set with single cylinder 6.6 kW of power and generation capacity of 5 kW, using chicken oil biodiesel (B-100), were performed the bench test using a auxiliary tank, precision scale and an energy analyzer. Were conducted four treatments (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of generating capacity). The worst SC was the engine at 25% of generation capacity (1.5 kW) and better with 75% of maximum load (3.75 kW) with a mean of 479.34 g kWh{sup -1}. By Turkey's test ant 5% probability there was a significant difference only for the first ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The role of the unsaturated properties of sand as a drainage layer in a composite liner system for landfills is investigated. The effect of the unsaturated properties of coarse-grained soil on contaminant migration was evaluated by means of a series of simulations using a one-dimensional model of a two- and a three-layer soil liner system for advection and diffusion, respectively. The results showed that under seepage conditions, the effect of an unsaturated sand layer on the advancement of the concentration front was quite insignificant. The arrival time of the C/C{sub o} = 0.5 concentration front increased from 651 days for the case with no sand layer to approximately 951 days for the case with a 1.0-m sand layer. A steady-state flow condition was ultimately established in the sand, and this fact suggests that the capillary action might not be effective. For diffusion, the arrival time of the concentration front increased nonlinearly with a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anadromous salmon in the Columbia River Basin are presently far below historic level of production, due to the impacts of development in the basin. To halt the downward trend in production and ultimately increase returns, the Northwest Power Planning Council developed the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program. The Program outlines a coordinated plan for restoring anadromous salmonid runs to the basin. The goals and objectives outlined in the Program require addressing a complex set of problems that encompass a broad range of social, political, economic and biological issues. Resolution of these problems will require the efforts of a number of federal, state, and tribal agencies that have regulatory authority over activities that either directly or indirectly affect anadromous salmonids in the basin. Resource managers have realized the need for coordination in these efforts. The Coordinated Information System is designed to share information critical to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is the conclusion of a three-part series that describes and attempts to explain regional coal quality variations within the foothills/mountains region of Alberta. Proximate and ultimate analysis variables, plus some vitrinite reflectance and maceral analyses, are examined for the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Kootenay Group, Lower Cretaceous Luscar Group, the Lower Paleocene Coalspur Formation, and the Upper Paleocene Obed-Marsh coal-bearing units. The study has two major components: a statistical analysis and mapping of coal quality data provided by the Energy Resources Conservation Board; and a 'geologic models' section, in which regional and local in-seam coal quality variations are examined from a geological perspective. The first component is designed to describe, characterize, and set limits for the coal quality variables, while the second component should provide from a geological perspective, insight as to why and how these quality ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the discussion of environmental architecture, we are conjoining two disciplines, the subject of architecture and that of ecology. At their best, green buildings are examples of applied ecology, where designers understand the constitution, organization, and structure of ecosystems, and the impacts of architecture are considered from an environmental perspective. By utilizing the concepts, methods, and language of ecology, designers can create architecture that intentionally engages the natural systems of a site. The establishment of assessment criteria implies the definition of building design criteria. If we establish criteria that are based on our best scientific understanding of environmental capacity, we will begin to develop a building stock that is sustainable. To do this we must quantify the link between the resulting environmental impacts and their cause in building production and use. This is not done in traditional building environmental impact ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The evolution of "humanized" (i.e., free of animal sourced reagents) and ultimately chemically defined culture systems for human embryo stem cell (hESC) isolation and culture is of importance to improving their efficacy and safety in research and therapeutic applications. This can be achieved by integration of a multitude of individual approaches to replace or eliminate specific animal sourced reagents into a single comprehensive protocol. In the present study our objective was to integrate strategies obviating reliance on some of the most poorly defined and path-critical factors associated with hESC derivation, namely the use of animal immune compliment to isolate embryo inner cell mass, and animal sourced serum products and feeder cells to sustain hESC growth and attachment. As a result we report the derivation of six new hESC lines isolated by outgrowth from whole blastocysts on an extracellular matrix substrate of purified human laminin (Ln) with transitional ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The humidification dehumidification desalination process is viewed as a promising technique for small capacity production plants. The process has several attractive features, which include operation at low temperature, ability to utilize sustainable energy sources, i.e. solar and geothermal, and requirements of low technology level. This paper evaluates the characteristics of the humidification dehumidification desalination process as a function of operating conditions. A small capacity experimental system is used to evaluate the process characteristics as a function of the flow rate of the water and air streams, the temperature of the water stream and the temperature of the cooling water stream. The experimental system includes a packed humidification column, a double pipe glass condenser, a constant temperature water circulation tank and a chiller for cooling water. The water production is found to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ball screw bearings are used for the fine control of Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CEDM) for the SMART-P. Because the friction coefficient of the ball screw bearings suddenly increases at the limit temperature of 120 .deg. C, the surrounding temperature of the ball screw bearings should be less than the limit temperature for the functional integrity of the CEDM. The CEDM coolers are installed at the lower portion of the ball screw bearings to maintain the bearings' temperature less than the limit. In order to check the CEDM cooler satisfy the temperature limit of ball screw bearing at the possible operational conditions, the cooling capacity of the CEDM coolers, which was determined at the stage of 'conceptual design', is evaluated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) code, Fluent. The analysis result shows that the current CEDM coolers satisfy the CEDM temperature limit of 120 .deg. C for the all the operation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magnetic particles (MAG*SEP"S"M) coated with various absorbents were evaluated for the separation and recovery of low concentrations of cesium from nuclear waste solutions. The MAG*SEP"S"M particles were coated with (1) clinoptilolite, (2) transylvanian volcanic tuff, (3) resorcinol formaldehyde, and (4) crystalline silico-titanate, and then were contacted with a Hanford supernatant simulant. Particles coated with the crystalline silico-titanate were identified by Bradtec as having the highest capacity for cesium removal under the conditions tested (variation of pH, ionic strength, cesium concentration, and absorbent/solution ratio). The MAG*SEP"S"M particles coated with resorcinol formaldehyde had high distribution ratios values and could also be used to remove cesium from Hanford supernant simulant. Gamma irradiation studies were performed on the MAG*SEP"S"M particles with a gamma dose equivalent to 100 cycles of use. This irradiation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper describes transportation cost of the nuclear off-peak power for a hydrogen production based on water electrolysis in Japan. The power could be obtainable by substituting hydropower and/or fossil fueled power supplying peak and middle demands with nuclear power. The transportation cost of the off-peak power was evaluated to be 1.42 yen/kWh when an electrolyser receives the off-peak power from a 6kV distribution wire. Marked reduction of the cost was caused by the increase of the capacity factor. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Repair and maintenance for equipment used in the Belchatow brown coal mine and organizational models of repair services in the mine are discussed. Maintenance of earthmoving equipment, spreaders, bucket wheel excavators, loaders and other coal handling equipment, belt conveyors and drive systems for belt conveyors is discussed. Repair shops in the mine also manufacture about 35% of spare parts and elements for equipment used in the mine. Reliability of mining equipment, repairs and repair capacity of the shops are discussed. Organizational models of repair services, equipment used by these services and repair personnel are described. Effects of repair services on operation of the mine are evaluated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This standard describes the procedure and equipment for in-place testing of HEPA filter systems by the single-particle, particle-size (SPPS) spectrometer method. This method provides the capability for evaluating the effectiveness (i.e., decontamination factor or DF) of systems consisting of one or more stages of HEPA filters against submicrometer aerosols in discrete particle-size ranges. It is particularly useful for testing of multi-stage HEPA filter installations and for testing of very large (50,000 cfm installed capacity) single-stage systems where it is desired to minimize the quantity of challenge aerosol required.

CERN Multimedia

If you missed the ARTE programme entitled "L'Ultime Particule" broadcast in February, you have another chance to catch it in CERN's Main Auditorium on 13 March. "L'Ultime Particule" is a documentary by the French director Michel Andrieu that seeks to explain particle physics through a contemplative quest for the research physicists of matter of today and yesteryear. Invariably kitted out in a red parka and a soft hat, the programme's investigator scours the planet and the archives in search of the research physicists who are stalking the ultimate particle, the Higgs boson, in their quest to understand the structure of matter. Naturally enough, CERN is an important stage of his journey where Michel Andrieu and his team spent several days last year. Both from the physics and metaphysical points of view, "L'Ultime Particule" is worth seeing. The film's director, Michel Andrieu, will introduce his ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnetite nanoparticles with high self-heating capacity and low toxicity characteristics are a promising candidate for cancer hyperthermia treatment. In order to achieve minimum dosage to a patient, magnetic nanoparticles with high heating capacity are needed. In addition, the influence of physiological factors on the heat capacity of a material should be investigated in order to determine the feasibility. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles coated with lauric acid were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe{sup 3+}:Fe{sup 2+} in a ratio of 2:1, 5:3, 3:2, and 4:3, and the pH was controlled using NaOH. Structural and magnetization characterization by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) revealed that the main species was Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and further showed that most of the nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic properties. All of the magnetic nanoparticles showed a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The understanding of transport processes that occur in naturally fractured geothermal systems is far from being complete. Often, evaluation and numerical simulations of fractured geothermal reservoirs, are carried out by assuming equivalent porous media and homogeneous petrophysical properties within big matrix blocks. The purpose of this paper, is to present a comparison between results obtained from numerical studies of a naturally fractured reservoir treated as a simple porous medium and the simulation of some real aspects of the fractured reservoir. A general conclusion outlines the great practical importance of considering even approximately, the true nature of such systems. Our results show that the homogeneous simplified evaluation of the energy resource in a fractured system, could result in unrealistic estimates of the reservoir capacity to generate electricity.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wind power is a maturing technology that in a number of countries is likely to contribute a major share to fully renewable energy systems. Denmark has a comparably long history of wind power development and is planning to continue expanding the existing capacity. If a large-scale penetration of wind power is to be achieved, an integrated framework is needed that can respond to the associated challenges. This paper argues for adopting an integrated macro perspective when evaluating and building frameworks to support wind power development. This macro perspective is applied to the case of Denmark, and more specifically to concrete wind power projects in the region of Northern Jutland. The results suggest although certain elements in the legislation have been improved, the feasibility of wind power projects cannot be guaranteed, and there is a tendency to exclude smaller turbines from the development.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report documents the results of the routine environmental audit of the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant (Y-12 Plant), Anderson County, Tennessee. During this audit, the activities conducted by the audit team included reviews of internal documents and reports from previous audits and assessments; interviews with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), State of Tennessee regulatory, and contractor personnel; and inspections and observations of selected facilities and operations. The onsite portion of the audit was conducted August 22-September 2, 1994, by the DOE Office of Environmental Audit (EH-24), located within the Office of Environment, Safety and Health (EH). DOE 5482.1 B, {open_quotes}Environment, Safety, and Health Appraisal Program,{close_quotes} establishes the mission of EH-24 to provide comprehensive, independent oversight of DOE environmental programs on behalf of the Secretary of Energy. The ultimate goal of EH-24 is enhancement of environmental protection and ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 500 ppm, boron increases the 0.2% offset strength; results show that boron doping does not appreciably affect ultimate compressive strength; for 0 ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Figure 3a. PETN Filled Tube Specimen Detonated by Exploding Bridgewire Specimen POLYETIILLENE END-CAP "1- 901am WALL IHICKNESS ...

Science.gov (United States)

Wit?,-grain ultimate compressive strength of multiply extruded graphite rods made with G-18 flour,. V. 5. " TOTAL n ACCESSIBLE TO Hp AT 2600 psi ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cutaneous scarring can cause patients symptoms ranging from the psychological to physical pain. Although the process of normal scarring is well described the ultimate cause of pathological scarring...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Abstract : The ultimate compressive strength of Conolon 506 increases from 39,200 psi at +78F to 57,100 psi at -320F. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The most frequent ultimate cause of death is myocardial arrest. In many cases this is due to myocardial hypoxia, generally arising from failure of the coronary macro- and microcirculation to deliver...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

reaching their ultimate compressive strength. Thus, when applying a lamina stress analysis in conjunction with a failure model, one must ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The first study in this dissertation describes the development of a suppressed ion chromatographic (SIC) technique for the direct, simultaneous determination of the As and Se oxyanions in soil solution. Baseline resolution of 1 mg L[sup [minus]1] each of arsenite, arsenate, selenite, and selenate was achieved in the presence of 50 mg L[sup [minus]1] each of F, Cl, NO[sub 3]-N, SO[sub 4]-S, and PO[sub 4]-P. Detection limits ranged from 0.026 mg L[sup [minus]1] for selenite to 0.120 mg L[sup [minus]1] for arsenate. The accuracy of the SIC technique was verified by comparison to spectroscopic methods. The second study investigated the suitability of linear-plateau regression analysis for statistical evaluation of As adsorption data. The time required to reach the adsorption plateau depended on soil characteristics and As species. Identification of the adsorption plateau by the linear-plateau model allowed comparison of adsorption rates and maxima through analysis of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As part of The International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP), Subprogram III, Trade and Commercial Shipping, a study has been made concerning seaborne export of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from the Northern Russia, especially the West Siberian fields in Tyumen. The main purpose of the total project III.0703, part 2 and this study is to evaluate the economic viability of seaborne export from this area to the European region, mainly with the use of a special ice-strengthened LPG vessel, constructed and designed for such seaborne operations. This study concentrates on both seaborne LPG transportation, the demand and supply for seaborne LPG in the world and marine transportation of LPG from the West Siberian fields. Another purpose is to see which regions are potential exporters, importers and buyers of seaborne export of LPG from Tyumen. Currently large quantities of liquefied gas are flared off at the West Siberian fields due to insufficient infrastructure, ...

CERN Document Server

This paper presents an uplink capacity analysis and interference avoidance technique for a femtocell based two-tier DS-CDMA network using shared spectrum. Assuming randomly distributed macrocell users and femtocell base stations (BS), we evaluate a network-wide area spectral efficiency metric called the operating contour (OC) defined as the feasible combinations of the average macrocell users and femtocell BS per cell-site that meet a target outage constraint $\\epsilon$. A contribution of this work is an accurate characterization of the uplink outage probability taking cross-tier power control, path-loss and shadowing effects into account. We show that a time-hopped CDMA physical layer coupled with sectorized receive antennas shows dramatic performance improvements in both light and heavily loaded two-tier networks, relative to a split spectrum two-tier network with omnidirectional femtocell antennas. These results provide insights into design ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes is very challenging for their applications. The paper here describes a new method to functionalize multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as specific affinity adsorbents. MWCNTs were acid purified and pretreated with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) in order to introduce abundant amino groups on the surface of MWCNTs. After the conversion of amino groups to carboxyl groups by succinic acid anhydride, MWCNTs were attached to protein A or aminodextran using 1-ethyl-3,3' (dimethylamion)-propylcarbodiimide as a biofunctional crosslinker. The incorporation of aminodextran as a spacer arm noticeably increased the binding capacity of the APTES-modified MWCNTs for protein A. The application of affinity MWCNTs for purification of immunoglobulin G was then evaluated. The affinity of MWCNTs with AMD spacer exhibited a high adsorption capacity of {approx}361 {mu}g IgG/mg MWCNT (wet ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption of {sup 241}Am from solution by a fungus--Rhizopus Arrihizus (R. arrihizus), and the effect of experimental conditions on the adsorption were investigated. The preliminary results showed that the biosorption of {sup 241}Am by R. arrihizus is very efficient. An average of more than 99% of the total {sup 241}Am was removed by R. arrihizus of 1.3 g/l (dry weight) from {sup 241}Am solutions of 5.6-111 MBq/l (44.3-877.2 {mu}g/l) (C{sub 0}), with adsorption capacities (W) of 4.2-79.4 MBq/g biomass (dry weight) (33.2-627.5 {mu}g/g). The biosorption equilibrium was achieved within 1 h and the optimum pH ranged from 1 to 3. No significant differences in {sup 241}Am biosorption were observed at 10-45 deg. C, or in solutions containing Au{sup 3+} or Ag{sup +}, even 2000 times above {sup 241}Am concentration. The relationship between concentrations and adsorption capacities of {sup 241}Am indicated that the {sup 241}Am biosorption by R. ...

Science.gov (United States)

If episodic memory is an adaptation, it must have evolved to benefit present or future survival and reproduction, rather than to provide an accurate record of the past per se. Recent research has documented various links between the ability to construct episodes of the past and imagine potential future episodes, and it has been argued that the former may be a design feature of the latter. Thus, claims about the existence of episodic memory in non-verbal organisms may be evaluated by examining behavioural evidence for foresight. Here we review recent data on foresight in animals and conclude that the evidence to suggest episodic memory so far is equivocal. We suggest specific experimental criteria that could provide stronger evidence. We maintain that there must be uniquely human traits for which there are no animal models and it remains possible that mental time travel depends on several such traits. Identification of what precisely is unique about the human ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present paper, a possible interaction region layout of the VLEPP based Photon Linear Collider (PLC) with ultimate luminosity is discussed. In order to remove spent electron beams, the crab-crossing scheme is used. The detector is protected from produced pairs and secondary particles by means of the detector magnetic field and a shielding mask. ((orig.)).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Most of all research reactors are immerged in the deep water pool to be a ultimate heat sink. At the neighbor of the reactor, some radio-active matters, such as Na-24, Ar-41, Mg-27, Al-28 and etc, may be generated by the neutron irradiation. Those radio-active isotopes may rise up to the pool water surface through the natural convection flow, which can make the radioactivity in the reactor hall rise high enough to concern about the health of people working in the reactor hall. When the irradiation test facilities are loaded or unloaded during a normal operation, the highly radio-activated primary coolant may flow out through the irradiation test holes on the top of the reactor. This also may be a main hazard source to make the working environment of the reactor hall bad. Making a hot water layer 1.5 ? 2.0 m thick at the top of reactor pool would be a good measure to resolve that problem. The hot water layer is formed by a thermal stratification of pool water, which ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coal is present in the Alberta Foothills/Mountains in five zones: the Kootenay, Gething, Gates, Brazeau and Coalspur coal zones. For coalbed-methane (CBM) evaluation purposes, they can be divided into shallow (less than 1000 m depth) and deep (greater than 1000 m depth) coal zones. The potential gas content of all shallow coal zones totals about 878x10{sup 9} m{sup 3} (31 Tcf) of CBM, which is considered an inferred, initial, in-place, coalbed-methane resource estimate based on limited data. The limited amount of data on formation testing and measured gas content indicate that the inferred resource is bordering on the speculative category. The gas content of all deep coal zones (deeper than 1000 m) totals 2.8x10{sup 12} m{sup 3} (about 99 Tcf) of in-place coalbed-methane gas. Consequently, the total ultimate coalbed-methane resource could be 3.7x10{sup 12} m{sup 3} (130 Tcf). However, coalbed-methane recovery from deep coals is generally not ...

Science.gov (United States)

The ability to mechanically reinforce an osteoporotic vertebral body could impede spinal compression fracture and the associated pain and complications. Previous studies have shown that reinforcement of fractured vertebrae with conventional acrylic cement can relieve symptoms and avoid further collapse. In this study, we explored the use of a carbonated apatite cement combined with a minimally invasive injection technique to improve the compressive mechanical properties of cadaveric vertebral bodies. After establishing the biomechanical characteristics of cement formulations intended to have appropriate viscosities, we evaluated the infiltration of the cements into thoracic vertebral bodies using a combined suction-injection technique. The energy-absorption capabilities of the reinforced vertebral bodies were then measured during axial compressive tests and compared with those of nonreinforced vertebrae. The ultimate compressive strength of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A working visit was made to the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Tsukuba, Japan, during the time periods May 16, 1988--June 15, 1988 for the purposes of further evaluation of the high intensity plasma sputter negative ion source and to test the response of the University of Tsukuba 13-MV tandem accelerator to mA intensity level pulsed mode heavy negative ion beams. During the visit, the traveler worked in collaboration with Japanese scientists in installing and testing of the source on the University of Tsukuba tandem electrostatic accelerator injector. During the course of preliminary testing of the ion source and prior to actual injection into the accelerator, sparking began in one or more tube sections, which ultimately led to the decision to replace the damaged tube sections. This problem led to postponement of the scheduled tandem accelerator tests. The traveler attended the Seventh International Conference on Ion Implantation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For years, the writing has been on the wall about the impact of climate change on the people, plants, animals, and habitats of Latin America and the Caribbean. Now, day-to-day experiences and eye-witness accounts from leading environmental and development groups are proving predictions to be correct. In the late 1990s, the world's pre-eminent group of climate scientists gathered under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and predicted a devastating range of impacts, including an increase in the intensity and number of extreme weather events exacerbating natural disasters, forest die-off, melting glaciers, and the drying out of temperate grasslands. The region's huge geographical diversity means that patterns of vulnerability to climate change are extremely varied. It also makes modelling difficult, although this is constantly improving. To avoid misunderstanding, it is important to point out that with or without global warming, extreme weather is a ...

Science.gov (United States)

This report covers the first year of operation of a fuel cell power plant, installed by PPL Spectrum, Inc. (PPL) under contract with the United States Coast Guard (USCG), Research and Development Center (RDC). The fuel cell was installed at Air Station Cape Cod in Bourne, MA. The project had the support of the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC), the Department of Energy (DOE), and Keyspan Energy. PPL selected FuelCell Energy, Inc. (FCE) and its fuel cell model DFC{reg_sign}300 for the contract. Grant contributions were finalized and a contract between PPL and the USCG for the manufacture, installation, and first year's maintenance of the fuel cell was executed on September 24, 2001. As the prime contractor, PPL was responsible for all facets of the project. All the work was completed by PPL through various subcontracts, including the primary subcontract with FCE for the manufacture, delivery, and installation of the fuel cell. The manufacturing and design phases ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polymeric coated ferromagnetic carriers with an absorbed layer of octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) diluted by tributyl phosphate (TBP) are being evaluated for application in the separation and the recovery of low concentrations of americium, plutonium, and uranium from nuclear waste solutions. Due to their chemical nature, these extractants selectively complex americium and plutonium contaminants onto the particles and the complexed particles can be recovered from the solution using a magnet. Physical and chemical characterization of the extractant-absorbed particles were performed by gamma and liquid scintillation counting, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micrograph, and other physical measurements. Plutonium, americium, and uranium separations have been performed at various HNO{sub 3} and HCl concentrations. Parameters were studied to determine the limitations and capacity of the process. The status of the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Even the presence of very low concentrations of dyes (1mgL-1) in the effluent is highly visible and is considered aesthetically undesirable. It must be removed from wastewater completely. This study systematically evaluates the performance of adsorption (three kinds of powdered activated carbons), coagulation (AlCl36H2O) and membrane (submerged hollow fiber microfiltration) processes individually in treating two kinds of reactive dyes (Orange 16 and Black 5) and then using a hybrid process with combined coagulation-adsorption-membrane treatment system. Adsorption capacity and kinetics of Orange 16 were much higher and faster than those of Black 5. The dye removal efficiency by coagulation was highly dependent on dye concentration and solution pH. The hybrid process performance was far more...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper presents the development and evaluation of field- controllable, semi-active magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) shock absorbers for a mountain bicycle. Recent trends in the bicycle industry show a movement towards semi-active suspension systems. Two new MRF dampers are designed and tested with the intent of being used on the front and rear suspension of a modern mountain bicycle. The MRF shock absorbers are designed to emulate the performance of the original equipment manufacturer shock absorbers in passive mode. Application of an input electric current to the MRF shock absorber causes a dramatic increase in the damping capacity. Procedures and results are presented for the design and experimental characterization of these MRF dampers.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adding capacity to coal-fired plants in small increments of an overall integrated program may be the solution to the 10-year lead time required for the construction of a new plant. A preliminary study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of a modular natural gas and coal-fired combined-cycle power plant which can be installed in three distinct phases. The plant sizes are suitable for large industrial and utility applications. The Modular Block Power Plant (MBPP) concept offers the advantages of phase construction, lower capital cost, lower cost electricity, lower air emissions, lower water requirements, and reduced solid waste discharge. Other advantages include part load availability, reduced coal inventory requirements, and easier plant siting. 11 figures, 4 tables.

Science.gov (United States)

The capacity to estimate the head pose of another person is a common human ability that presents a unique challenge for computer vision systems. Compared to face detection and recognition, which have been the primary foci of face-related vision research, identity-invariant head pose estimation has fewer rigorously evaluated systems or generic solutions. In this paper, we discuss the inherent difficulties in head pose estimation and present an organized survey describing the evolution of the field. Our discussion focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and spans 90 of the most innovative and characteristic papers that have been published on this topic. We compare these systems by focusing on their ability to estimate coarse and fine head pose, highlighting approaches that are well suited for unconstrained environments. PMID:19229078

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this article, the thermodynamic analysis of the existing diesel engine cogeneration system is performed. All necessary data are obtained from the actual diesel engine cogeneration plant located at Gaziantep, Turkey. The exergy analysis is aimed to evaluate the exergy destruction in each component as well as the exergetic efficiencies. The thermodynamic performance of a 25.32MW electricity and 8.1tons/h steam capacity diesel engine cogeneration system at full load conditions is analyzed. The thermal efficiency of the overall plant is found to be 44.2% and the exergetic efficiency is 40.7%. The exergy balance equations developed in this paper may also be utilized in the exergoeconomic analysis to estimate the production costs depending on various input costs in a diesel cogeneration syste...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new stem cell-scaffold construct based on poly-l-lactide (PLLA) nanofibers grafted with collagen (PLLA-COL) and cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) were proposed to hold promising characteristics for bone tissue engineering. Fabricated nanofibers were characterized using SEM, ATR-FTIR, tensile and contact angle measurements. The capacity of PLLA, plasma-treated PLLA (PLLA-pl) and PLLA-COL scaffolds to support proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of USSC was evaluated using MTT assay and common osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition and bone-related genes. All three scaffolds showed nanofibrous and porous structure with suitable physical characteristics. Higher proliferation and viability of USSC was observe...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

White seabream (Diplodus sargus) is today recognized as a potential species for Mediterranean aquaculture. Still, scarce information exists on weaning practices in order to reduce the live food period. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an early weaning on fish larvae digestive enzymes activities. In order to accomplish this, larvae were weaned with an inert diet at 20days after hatching (DAH) (feeding regime W20) and a control group was weaned at 27DAH (feeding regime W27). Before weaning, the onset and development of the main digestive enzymes were studied. The pattern of variation of digestive enzymes activities were analyzed at 0, 2, 9, 13 and 20DAH, and from then on at 0, 1 and 3weeks after diet introduction; that is, at 20, 27 and 41days for feeding regime W20, and days 27, 34...

Environmental Research Database

Objectives1. To establish the present capacity and capability across all the sectors within the UK for - a) Undertaking research in the areas of toxicology and ecotoxicology and environmental hazard and risk assessment work on chemical subtances including emerging containments (e.g. enginerred nanomaterials); and b) Applying these skills in the policy and regulatory context. 2) The range of chemicals involved should include pharmaceutical and medical products, crop protection agents, biocides, vet [continued...]DescriptionThe aim of this project is to identify the current status of the scientific community, areas of expertise, and identify the gaps in skills, knowledge or recruitment. The project will use a questionnaire approach to obtain this information for all sectors of the business community. The analysis will identify the gaps in provision, and areas where investment is needed in future training and/or recruitment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seasonal traffic on intercity corridors often creates severe congestion at various bottlenecks, such as land-drops and drawbridges. A Traffic Simulation And Optimization model (TSAO) has been developed in order to 1) evaluate traffic impacts (including travel time, vehicle operating costs, accidents, air pollution and fuel consumption) of a given routing pattern on a network, and 2) determine the optimal flow pattern. In its latest version, the TSAO model uses: 1) a macroscopic simulation approach to trace vehicle platoons through a network; 2) Greenshield's equation to represent volume-speed relationship on freeways and multi-lane highways, and Highway Capacity Manual method for two-lane rural highways; 3) Lighthill's shockwave function to simulate queue propagation; 4) event-scan time management for simulation; 5) variable link capacity for two-lane rural highways or to stimulate incidents; 6) AASHTO ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nano materials are usually difficult to prepare. This work presents a simple way of preparing LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} nano powders using the high-energy ball milling method. This method has the advantage of producing pure, single-phase and crystalline nano powders. The milling method is carefully controlled to avoid unwanted chemical reactions that may change the stoichiometry of the material. Nano powders of between 30 and 50 nm are obtained. Structural studies of the nano powders, as well as the more conventional micron-sized LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, are made using X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods. Electrochemical evaluation of the materials is undertaken with a three-probe cyclic voltammetry technique and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. Structural studies reveal that not only are the crystallites of the nano powders much reduced in size from the normal powders, but their cell parameters are also smaller. The performance characteristics of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Several recent improved methods for the EGFM are introduced in order to avoid artificial holes seen in the synthetic acceleration spectrum. Furthermore evaluation of input ground motions at Wolsung NPP are performed by varying the source parameters that may control the high-frequency wave radiation and the deviation of the synthetic motions are revealed. The PSHA case studies for four NPP sites (Wolsung, Kori, Uljin, Younggwang) are performed. In the analysis, site-specific attenuation equations developed for Korean NPP sites are employed, and the seismic hazards for the target sites are evaluated in the case where the four kind of seismic source models are considered. Moreover, the PSHA for Wolsung and Younggwang are conducted by using the site-specific attenuation equation with the index of response spectra and the uniform hazard spectra are evaluated for the two sites. The supporting tool for seismic response analysis ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colerectal cancer (CRC) is the second commonest cancer in the Western World. Successful treatment relies significantly on accurate detection and staging of primary disease as well as the early identification of the presence and extent of recurrence. Morphological imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography (CT), are well established and widely available to carry out these tasks in addition to predicting and monitoring response to therapy. This review analyses the current inadequacies for imaging CRC and critically assesses the potential role of functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). It was reviewed the current literature, to use the experience from the firs 1000 PET studies carried out at the institution and the perspective of surgical colleagues. It was found little evidence for the use of 2-["1"8F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET for screening asymptomatic individuals and current modalities appear better suited for detection of symptomatic primary CRC. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pipe whip restraints are used in nuclear power plants in order to limit the consequences of ruptured pipe whip effects and are thus an important part of the plant safety concept. The design of these devices is based on the choice of adequate construction and computational analysis supported by experimental investigation. Pipe whip restraints should, by means of deforming components, be able to absorb the energy of a ruptured pipe accelerated by the fluid reaction force. Since the elastic deformation of the restraint material is not sufficient for this purpose, or would result in excessive anchor loads, pipe whip restraints must generally be designed to work in the plastic range. Two types of restraints are presented in this paper, including the description of their mode of operation, design and computation. A comparison and critical evaluation of the calculation methods presently available are also given. The range of methods covers those developed for very simple ...

Science.gov (United States)

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission stipulates in 10 CFR 61 that disposed low-level radioactive waste (LLW) be stabilized. To provide guidance to disposal vendors and nuclear station waste generators for implementing those requirements, the NRC developed the Technical Position on Waste Form, Revision 1. That document details a specified set of recommended testing procedures and criteria, including several tests for determining the biodegradation properties of waste forms. Cement has been widely used to solidify LLW; however, the resulting waste forms are sometimes susceptible to failure due to the actions of waste constituents, stress, and environment. The purpose of this research program is to develop modified microbial degradation test procedures that will be more appropriate than the existing procedures for evaluating the effects of microbiologically influenced chemical attack on cement-solidified LLW. Groups of microorganisms indigenous to LLW disposal sites are ...

Science.gov (United States)

Graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate and biodegradable, biocompatible bacterial poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blocks were synthesized and evaluated as possible constituents in acrylic bone cements for use in orthopaedic applications. The copolymers were produced by conventional free radical copolymerization and incorporated in one commercially available acrylic bone cement brand, Antibiotic Simplex (AKZ). Cements with formulations containing 6.7 and 13.5 wt % of PMMA-graft-PHB were prepared. The morphology of the graft copolymer particles was suggested to influence the ability of the modified cement to be processed. Formulations containing more than about 20 wt % of the graft copolymer resulted in cement doughs that, both after first preparation and several hours later, were either sandy or soft spongy in texture and, thus, would be unacceptable for use in orthopaedic applications. The morphologies of the powders and the volumetric porosity (p) and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In early 2004, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Richland and Fluor Hanford requested technical assistance from the DOE Headquarters EM-23 Technical Assistance Program to provide a team of technical experts to develop recommendations for mending the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) Barrier in the 100-D Area of the Hanford Site in Washington State. To accommodate this request, EM-23 provided support to convene a group of technical experts from industry, a national laboratory, and a DOE site to participate in a 2 1/2-day workshop with the objective of identifying and recommending options to enhance the performance of the 100-D Area reactive barrier and of a planned extension to the northeast. This report provides written documentation of the team's findings and recommendations. In 1995, a plume of dissolved hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which resulted from operation of the D/DR Reactors at the Hanford site, was discovered along the Columbia River shoreline and in the 100-D ...

CERN Document Server

Industrial-process control valves Part2 : Flow capacity Section Four : Inherent flow characteristics and rangeability

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CPHR individual monitoring service acquired an automatic RADOS TLD system to improve its capacities to satisfy the increasing needs of their national customers. The TLD system consists of: two automatic TLD reader, model DOSACUS, a TLD irradiator and personal dosimeters card including slide and holders. The dosimeters were composed by this personal dosimeters card and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (model GR-200) detectors. These readers provide to detectors a constant temperature readout cycle using hot nitrogen gas. In order to evaluate the performance characteristics of the system, different performance tests recommended by the IEC 1066 standard were carried out. Important dosimetric characteristics evaluated were batch homogeneity, reproducibility, detection threshold, energy dependence, residual signal and fading. The results of the tests showed good performance characteristics of the system. (Author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As a basic research to consider aging deterioration of the operating nuclear power plant to seismic fragility analysis, aging deteriorations occurring safety related equipment of both Kori unit 1 and Wolsung unit 1, are investigated in this study. First of all, 378 and 152 safety related equipment are selected at Kori unit 1 and Wolsung unit 1 respectively. Seismic review team including seismic capability engineer, is organized and seismic walkdown is carried out using the nondestructive tests. As a results of seismic walkdown, crack is a typical aging deterioration which can reduce the seismic safety of safety related equipment and the other aging deteriorations such as concrete compressive strength, corrosion, and tightness of anchor bolt, have a much smaller influence than crack. In order to manage the aging deterioration data collected through the seismic walkdown in effective and systematic, EDS(Evaluation of Deteriorated System) DB is established. As a result ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper deals with the energy required to separate ethanol from an aqueous solution in a distillation column containing a solid phase. The solid phases evaluated consisted of either an amylatious (ground corn) or a cellulose (sugar cane bagasse) absorber whit particle sizes smaller than 4 mm. The water-retention capacity of each solid phase was measured by passing vapors or ethanol-water mixtures through the solid phase. When starting with initial concentrations bellow the azeotropic point, ethanol concentrations up to 99,5% (on corn) and 97,2% (on sugar cane) were achieved. The water content was evaluated potentiometrically (Karl`Fischer). Regarding the 2-4 mm ground corn solid phase column, the energy consumed was estimated to be reduced by 15,6% and 60% (by weight) ethanol-water mixture respectively. (author) 11 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A field study was conducted in Ontario to evaluate the suitability of grouted piles for transmission tower foundations. The grouted piles were assessed in terms of the installation procedure and its foundation performance subjected to uplift loads. Two types of grouted piles, the H-pile and the pipe-pile, were evaluated and compared with conventional ungrouted H-pile foundations. Difficult soil conditions were encountered consisting of a deep deposit of loose to compact sand with a high water table. Both the grouted pipe-pile and the grouted H-pile developed uplift capacities more than double that of the conventional H-pile with the same embedment length at the test site. The grouted H-pile is recommended as a viable transmission line foundation in weak soils due to the significant improvement in its foundation performance, with minor modifications to the construction procedure. 3 refs., 17 figs., 12 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption of lead (II) and copper (II) ions, single component and binary systems, by dried P. putida was investigated in a batch system. The effects of initial pH, temperature, initial single and binary mixture concentrations on the biosorption kinetics and equilibrium uptake of each component, both single and binary mixtures were investigated. The bacterial biomass exhibited the highest single and binary lead (II) and copper (II) ions uptake capacity at 25 and 30 deg. C, respectively, the initial pH value of 5.5 and at the initial metal ions concentration of 100 mg dm{sup -3}. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. Adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir model, although they could be modeled by the Freundlich equation. The thermodynamics constants of the adsorption process: ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scenarios are developed for spent fuel that is taken out of the nuclear reactor and stored for 20 years before reprocessing, and three storage techniques which use a water pool, dry cask or vault are compared with respect to their costs. The storage price (storage cost per kilogram of spent fuel), which is employed as the economic index, is calculated on the assumption that all the charge is paid when the spent fuel is brought in the storage facilities. Four scenarios are assumed for spent PWR and BWR fuels to be stored in at-reactor (AT) or away-from-reactor (AFR) facilities. The capital costs cover the buildings of the storage facilities, equipment, decommissioning, casks for transportation and storage (for cask storage) and casks for transportation (for water pool or vault storage). Costs for operation and maintenance of the facilities are also considered in evaluating these methods. Evaluation results show that the dry cask method is the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) launched a project to develop an integral reactor in 1996. The reactor called as System Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor(SMART) which is a kind of small modular reactors (SMRs). Since the early 1990s, there has been renewed interest in the development and application of small and medium sized integral reactors. 2009 assessment by the IAEA under its Innovative Nuclear Power Reactor and Fuel Cycle (INPRO) program concluded that there could be 96 SMRs in operation around the world by 2030 in its 'high' case, and 43 units in the 'low' case, none of them in the USA. The reason of the increased demand mostly comes from the fact that SMRs are thought to be more suitable for developing countries with small electrical grid capacity, insufficient infrastructure and limited investment capability than developed ones. However, it has disadvantage in the point of scale of economy. So, it should be compared the amount of this ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The coupling between cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and blood flow (CBF) in response to visual stimulation was evaluated by means of a model of oxygen delivery. The model predicted a nonlinear relationship between stimulus-evoked changes of oxygen consumption and blood flow. The magnitude of the CMRO2/CBF ratio index (IO2) was used to indicate the degree of flow-metabolism coupling prevailing in specific areas of the brain during physiological stimulation. Therefore, the index provided a measure of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance contrast. To evaluate the changes of IO2 in response to visual stimulation, the model was applied to the effect of a changing flicker rate of a visual stimulus on the magnitudes of CBF, CMRO2, and oxygen diffusion capacity, in the human brain. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure the CBF and the CMRO2 in 12 healthy volunteers who viewed a ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor (EGFR) initiates signal transduction, ultimately leading to altered gene expression. Ligand-activated EGFR is also rapidly internalized...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterised ultimately by the loss of photoreceptor cells. We have recently identified a new gene (EYS) encoding...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... 4.4+9 4.30 ds~ ;'* Page 24. Table 3 Ultimate Compressive Strength Data Static Dynamic Round Strength Range Strength Range No. Avg Rise 0No. ...

Science.gov (United States)

This Dissertation presents the author's investigation and development of a systematic method for evaluating the aerodynamic performance of Vertical Axis Wind Energy Capture Systems (WECS) apart from their electrical generation capability. The current standard method for specifying a wind energy machine is to discuss its rated power in kilowatts (or megawatts when capacity exceeds 100 kW). While this holistic method is effective for comparing machines it does not reveal the essential characteristics necessary for optimization of individual machine components. The method developed herein separates the performance characteristics of the WECS from the generation characteristics and isolates them for benchmarking and optimization. In order to develop an evaluation criterion, it was essential to evaluate and benchmark the current state of the art for wind energy capture. A thorough history of Vertical Axis ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have made preliminary estimates of charged particles background at the 100x100 GeV Photon Linear Collider with ultimate luminosity. The charged particles background due to electromagnetic processes is located mainly in the small-angle range of the detector. At large angles, the number of background particles is much smaller. Analysis of the background (at least, in the range under consideration) shows that background conditions for the VLEPP-based Photon Linear Collider are better than at the VLEPP electron-positron collider. ((orig.)).

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adsorption isotherms for phenol and o-cresol on activated charcoal at neutral pH and several dissolved oxygen concentrations were conducted at 23{degree}C. Significant improvements in capacities were observed with increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations for the two adsorbates. These statistically-significant additional capacities were not due to biological activities but merely due to surface chemical reactions. The improvement in capacity was directly related to the amount of oxygen per unit mass of GAC.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apparent molar heat capacities for KI[sub 3](aq) were determined from flow-microcalorimetric measurements of KI(aq) solutions containing dissolved iodine. From these, the conventional partial molar heat capacity C[sub p,2][sup [infinity

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development, Investigation and Improvement of a System of Incinerating Crop Production Wastes in Small Capacity Boilers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The control of piece size in ruptured rocks in coal sections is important as part of the general problem of increasing efficiency in the technology of open-pit mining operations. An attempt is made in this paper to estimate the rupture capacity of exposed rocks in coal sections based on a set of physicomechanical property indicators, using the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis. It was established that all the parameters for the physiocomechanical properties of the exposed rocks are highly correlated. The method proposed for determining criteria for explosive capacity is of interest in developing criteria for the destruction capacity (drillability, excavation capacity, etc.) in the exposed rocks of coal sections which are characterized by high variation in physical and mechanical properties.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CRC) were measured by stable xenon computerized tomography (Xe-CT) and acetazolamide test in 15 patients with cerebrovascular disease before and after extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for minor stroke, reversible ischemic neurological deficit or transient ischemic attack. All had angiographically shown occlusive lesions of the major arterial trunk. In the present series, global analysis showed that the bypass did not increase the resting rCBF, but did increase the rCRC. We divided the patients into four groups according to the preoperative resting rCBF and rCRC. All 3 patients with normal resting rCBF and reduced rCRC showed postoperative improvement of rCRC. Of 6 patients with reduced CBF and reduced CRC, three had postoperative increase in resting CBF and four had increased CRC. One of two patients with reduced CBF and normal CRC showed only an increase in CRC. We propose that reduced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The adsorption behavior of crystal violet (CV{sup +}) from aqueous solution onto raw (RB) and manganese oxide-modified (MMB) bentonite samples was investigated as a function of parameters such as initial CV{sup +} concentration, contact time and temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of RB and MMB were estimated as 0.32 and 1.12 mmol/g, respectively. The mean adsorption energy derived from D-R isotherm for MMB showed that the type of adsorption of dye molecules on this material may be defined as chemical adsorption. The adsorption rate was fast and more than half of the adsorbed-CV{sup +} was removed in the first 55 min for RB and 5 min for MMB at the room temperature. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic and the intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic data and rate constants were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of chromium(VI) ions onto cone biomass were studied in a batch system with respect to temperature and initial metal ion concentration. The biosorption efficiency of chromium ions to the cone biomass decreased as the initial concentration of metal ions was increased. But cone biomass of Pinus sylvestris Linn. exhibited the highest Cr(VI) uptake capacity at 45 {sup o}C. The biosorption efficiency increased from 67% to 84% with an increase in temperature from 25 to 45 deg. C at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 300 mg/L. The Langmuir isotherm model was applied to experimental equilibrium data of Cr(VI) biosorption depending on temperature. According to Langmuir isotherm, the monolayer saturation capacity (Q{sub max}) is 238.10 mg/g. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data for initial Cr(VI). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seven generic types of collectors, together with associated subsystems for electric power generation, were considered. The collectors can be classified into three categories: (1) two-axis tracking (with compound-curvature reflecting surfaces); (2) one-axis tracking (with single-curvature reflecting surfaces); and (3) nontracking (with low-concentration reflecting surfaces). All seven collectors were analyzed in conceptual system configurations with Rankine-cycle engines. In addition, two of the collectors were analyzed with Brayton-cycle engines, and one was analyzed with a Stirling-cycle engine. With these engine options, and the consideration of both thermal and electrical storage for the Brayton-cycle central receiver, 11 systems were formulated for analysis. Conceptual designs developed for the 11 systems were based on common assumptions of available technology in the 1990 to 2000 time frame. No attempt was made to perform a detailed optimization of each conceptual design. Rather, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flue gas desulfurizing capacities of active carbon fibers (ACF) made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN-ACF) were studied, the features were clarified and at the same time the factors governing the capacities were studied to get guides for better products. Desulfurization capacities of 17 kinds of ACFs were studied. Two kinds of PAN-ACF, FE-200 and FE-300, especially the latter exhibited the higher desulfurization capacity. The capacity of FE-300 was about 20 times higher than those of fibers other than PAN systems and about 4 times higher than that of active coke for desulfurization. From the influence of reacting conditions on the desulfurizating capacity and the desorption profiles of adsorbed SO {sub 2}, it was concluded that the capacity was determined by the effective adsorption capacity of ACF and SO {sub 2} was retained ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Theoretical assessment on the chromatographic {sup 99m}Tc generator preparation using (n, {gamma}) {sup 99}Mo produced ex-natural molybdenum was carried out. The relationship between the neutron flux for MoO{sub 3} target activation, Mo-content or Mo adsorption capacity of column packing material, {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate concentration and/or {sup 99m}Tc radioactivity of eluate was established. The reasonably lower limit of neutron flux of reactor and Molybdenum content of column packing material were found out to estimate the production of portable chromatographic generators available for nuclear medicine application. The concentration of {sup 99m}Tc pertechnetate eluate of low {sup 99m}Tc concentration using the column elution technique was also evaluate theoretically and conducted successfully in practice. Three options of {sup 99m}Tc generator using Titanium-Molybdate, Zirconium-Molybdate and Zirconium Oxide as generator column-packing ...

Science.gov (United States)

Decay heat removal analyses for lead-bismuth cooled natural circulation reactors are described in this paper. A combined multi-dimensional plant dynamics code (MSG-COPD) has been developed to conduct the system analysis for the natural circulation reactors. For the preliminary study, transient analysis has been performed for a 100 MWe lead-bismuth-cooled reactor designed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In addition, decay heat removal characteristics of a 400 MWe lead-bismuth-cooled natural circulation reactor designed by Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) has been evaluated by using MSG-COPD. PRACS (Primary Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System) is prepared for the JNC's concept to get sufficient heat removal capacity. During 2000 sec after the transient, the outlet temperature shows increasing tendency up to the maximum temperature of 430 Centigrade, because the buoyancy force in a primary circulation path is temporary ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Starting from the Molten Salt Breeder Reactor project of Oak-Ridge, we have performed parametric studies in terms of safety coefficients, reprocessing requirements and breeding capabilities. In the frame of this major re-evaluation of the molten salt reactor (MSR), we have developed a new concept called Molten Salt Fast Reactor or MSFR, based on the Thorium fuel cycle and a fast neutron spectrum. This concept has been selected for further studies by the MSR steering committee of the Generation IV International Forum in 2009. Our reactor's studies of the MSFR concept rely on numerical simulations making use of the MCNP neutron transport code coupled with a code for materials evolution which resolves the Bateman's equations giving the population of each nucleus inside each part of the reactor at each moment. Because of MSR's fundamental characteristics compared to classical solid-fuelled reactors, the classical Bateman equations have to be modified by adding two ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) have been prepared as a potential membrane material for proton exchange membrane by sulfonation process using mixtures of (15-30% concentration) fuming sulfuric acid and (95-98%) concentrated sulfuric acid as the sulfonating agent. The sulfonation process was conducted at room temperature by varying the acid ratio and reaction time. The produced membranes were then characterized by evaluating the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, thermal stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability as a function of degree of sulfonation. The proton conductivity of the sulfonated PEEK membranes with various DS was within the magnitude of 10"-"3 and 10"-"2 S cm"-"1 at room temperature and the methanol permeability was in the range of 3.45 x 10"-"7 to 2.73 x 10"-"6 cm"2 s"-"1. The overall membrane performance of the SPEEK membrane with 80% DS was six ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Under Federal law, the Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for safe disposal of Greater-Than-Class C Low-Level Waste (GTCC LLW) generated by licenses of the Nuclear Regulatory commission (NRC) or Agreement States. Such waste must be disposed of in a facility licensed by the NRC. It is unlikely that licensed disposal of GTCC LLW will be available prior to the year 2010. Pending availability of disposal capacity, DOE is assessing the need for collective, long-term storage of GTCC LLW. Potential risks to public health and safety caused by long-term storage of GTCC LLW at the place of generation will be evaluated to determine if alternative facilities are warranted. If warranted, several options will be investigated to determine the preferred alternative for long-term storage. These options include modification of an existing DOE facility, development of a new DOE facility, or development of a facility by the private sector with or without ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The main aims of the study were: 1) the evaluation of iron and zinc status in women of Lodz aged 18-45 years, 2) adaptation of the whole body counter to in vivo measurements absorption of iron given to the gastro-intestinal tract of volunteers and 3) in rat model estimation iron bioavailability from fortified wheat flour combined with products usually consumed in Poland. During five months investigations thirty seven women were examined each one twice in two months interval. Following variables were measured: iron and zinc in blood serum, in public and scalp hair and in food, taste acuity score, serum ferritin, hemoglobin, total iron binding capacity, red blood cells, mean corpuscular concentration and corpuscular volume. Prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficient anemia were assessed by two models in terms of the depression of serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentrations. 64 refs, 6 figs, 23 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The U.S. Department of Energy`s (DOE) Environmental Management Office of Science and Technology (EM-50) authorized studies on alternative systems for treating contact-handled DOE mixed low-level radioactive waste (MLLW). The on-going Integrated Thermal Treatment Systems` (ITTS) and the Integrated Nonthermal Treatment Systems` (INTS) studies satisfy this request. EM-50 further authorized supporting studies including this technology and subsystem cost sensitivity analysis. This analysis identifies areas where technology development could have the greatest impact on total life cycle system costs. These areas are determined by evaluating the sensitivity of system life cycle costs relative to changes in life cycle component or phase costs, subsystem costs, contingency allowance, facility capacity, operating life, and disposal costs. For all treatment systems, the most cost sensitive life cycle phase is the operations and maintenance phase and the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Detailed spray characteristics were obtained for a small-capacity, pressure-swirl atomizer using an Aerometrics phase-Doppler particle analyzer. Measurements included drop size and velocity distributions, liquid volume fluxes, and air velocities at four axial locations, 25,50,75, and 100 mm, with complete radial traverses at each location. Drop size results were compared with measurements from a Malvern laser-diffraction instrument, and integrated liquid volume fluxes were compared with measured flow rates to estimate measurement uncertainties. Drop sizes measured by the two independent techniques and area-weighted-averaged over the radial traverses at each of the four axial stations varied on average by less than 4 percent. Integrated volume flux measurements by the phase-Doppler instrument at four axial stations differed from the nozzle flow rate by at most 19 percent, with some of the difference due to evaporation. The phase-Doppler data were used to begin an ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy and exergy studies were conducted in an orange juice manufacturing industry in Nigeria to determine the energy consumption pattern and methods of energy optimization in the company. An adaptation of the process analysis method of energy accounting was used to evaluate the energy requirement for each of the eight defined unit operations. The types of energy used in the manufacturing of orange juice were electrical, steam and manual with the respective proportions of 18.51%, 80.91% and 0.58% of the total energy. It was estimated that an average energy intensity of 1.12 MJ/kg was required for the manufacturing of orange juice. The most energy intensive operation was identified as the pasteurizer followed by packaging unit with energy intensities of 0.932 and 0.119 MJ/kg, respectively. The exergy analysis revealed that the pasteurizer was responsible for most of the inefficiency (over 90%) followed by packaging (6.60%). It was suggested that the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the last few years the supercharging of Otto-cycle-engines has regained popularity, as demonstrated by a number of series-production engines. After listing the aims to be met by a modern supercharger the paper describes the technical status of mass-produced or close to production superchargers. This is followed by a comparative evaluation of the systems, enabling the reader to select possible solutions for a projected supercharger-engine-system by means of a comparison chart. The paper is concluded by a list of possible directions for further development and additional potential for twin-screw superchargers. (orig.) [German] In neuerer Zeit hat die Aufladung von Ottomotoren wieder ein verstaerktes Interesse gefunden, das sich auch in einer Anzahl serienmaessig gefertigter aufgeladener Motortypen wiederspiegelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt, nach einer Darstellung der Anforderungen an ein modernes Aufladegeraet, den Stand der Technik bei serienmaessigen ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The biosorption characteristics of Cd(II) ions using the red alga (Ceramium virgatum) were investigated. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, biomass dosage and temperature were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherms. The biosorption capacity of C. virgatum biomass for Cd(II) ions was found to be 39.7 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 12.7 kJ/mol, indicating that the biosorption of Cd(II) the metal ions was taken place by chemisorption. The calculated thermodynamic parameters ({delta}G{sup o}, {delta}H{sup o} and {delta}S{sup o}) showed that the biosorption of Cd(II) ions onto C. virgatum was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at 293-323 K. Evaluation of experimental data in terms of biosorption kinetics showed that the biosorption of Cd(II) C. virgatum followed well ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A common practice of electric utilities experiencing transmission and distribution (T and D) system overloads is to expand the substation, add lines, or upgrade equipment, all of which are capital intensive options. In 1988, it was hypothesized that strategically sited photovoltaics (PV) could benefit parts of T and D systems near or at overloaded conditions. An evaluation methodology was developed and applied to a test case (Kerman Substation near Fresno, California). Analytical results suggested that the value of PV to the T and D system could substantially exceed its energy and generation capacity value. The importance of this finding indicated the need for empirical validation. This led to the construction of a 0.5 MW PV demonstration plant by Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG and E) at Kerman, California as part of the PVUSA (PV for Utility Scale Applications) project. PVUSA is a national public-private partnership that is assessing and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The following paragraphs summarize the progress of each research project funded under the WVU Cooperative Agreement during the third quarter of 1997 (July - September 1997). The projects are arranged according to their 1997 WVU task number. WVU Focus Area 1.0: Subsurface Contaminants, Containment and Remediation Task No. 1.1: Project discontinued. Task No. 1.2: Development of Standard Test Protocols and Barrier Design Models for Desiccation Barriers (K. Amininan & S. Ameri): A number of experiments were preformed this period to evaluate the ability of the dried sand-packs to act as a barrier to liquids. Water infiltration tests were done with a constant head, dispersing 80 ml of water, and by adding water in small increments. Results indicate that when the water is spilled over the sand-pack, it has the tendency to channel through the sand-pack, significantly reducing the capacity of the dried zone to retain liquid contaminants. This ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The possible parameters of a photon linear collider at its ultimate luminosity, based on the VLEPP physics and technology V.E. Balakin et al., Proc. 6th Nat. Conf. on Accelerators, Dubna, 1978; V.E. Balakin, Proc. 4th Int. Workshop on Next Generation Linear Colliders, Garmisch, 1992, are presented. At a photon energy of 100x100 GeV the maximum achievable luminosity is about 1x10{sup 36} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}. Beam parameters, luminosity characteristics, and ways to reduce the background are considered as well. ((orig.)).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Surge capacity is the ability to rapidly mobilize to meet an increased demand. While large amounts of federal funding have been allocated to public health laboratories, little federal funding has been...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Male intrasexual competition should favour increased male physical prowess. This should in turn result in greater aerobic capacity in males than in females (i.e., sexual dimorphism), and a correlation...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author investigates the question of the maximum capacity of steam turbines in nuclear power plants when towards the end of the nineties turbo-generator units of 3,000 MW and more will be necessary as a result of increased energy demand. (TK).

Science.gov (United States)

Global Soil Water Holding Capacity Dataset from UNEP/GRID. Entry ID: GNV0025 ... Dao at unep.org. Contact Address: Head of Metadata & Socio-Economics Unit ...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper explores how an aid-funded Ph.D.-programme in mathematics education instituted in some Southern African Development Community countries measures up to issues related to research capacity development projects. The research capacity development programme is described and reflected against mutual benefit, relevance, sustainability and prioritization of the location of project funding expenditure--some of the constructs in the discourse on research capacity development initiatives. It is found that the benefits of the programme are indeed mutual; the outcomes regarding relevance and sustainability are more uncertain and the location of expenditure of the funding is not overtly in favour of the donor country.

Science.gov (United States)

A new high capacity anode composite based on mesoporous silicon is proposed. By virtue of a structure that resembles a pseudo one-dimensional phase, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

HT-29 human colon tumor cells growing as spheroids have been evaluated as a model system for measuring the response of human colon tumor cell to antineoplastic agents. HT-29 cells have been capacity to form spheroids up to 1 mm or more in diameter when grown in spinner culture. The multicellular HT-29 spheroids develop hypoxic centers reflecting the cellular conditions found in human cancer treatment, i.e., nutritionally deficient hypoxic cells that are felt to be a significant source of both radiation and chemotherapy clinical treatment failures. Spheroids of increasing size were radiated and then dispersed into single cells for colony survival assay. Compared with irradiated single cell suspensions, the spheroid cells demonstrated a significant increase in radioresistance. Growing spheroids developed a complex radiation survival curve which was variable with respect to size of the spheroid. The drug 5-Fu was studied to examine in a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study of advancements in power plant designs for use at geothermal resources in the low to moderate (300 to 400F) temperature range is reported. In 3 case studies, the benefits of R and D to achieve these advancements are evaluated in terms of expected increases in installed geothermal generating capacity over the next 2 decades. A parametric sensitivity study is discussed which analyzes differential power development for combinations of power plant efficiency and capitol cost. Affordable tradeoffs between plant performance and capital costs are illustrated. The independent review and analysis of the expected costs of construction, operation and maintenance of the Heber Binary Cycle Geothermal Power Demonstration Plant are described. Included in this assessment is an analysis of each of the major cost components of the project, including (1) construction cost, (2) well field development costs, (3) fluid purchase costs, and (4) well field and ...

Science.gov (United States)

Isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air (IHCA) is a reliable technique for assessing indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma. Impedance measurement of the respiratory system by the forced pseudorandom noise oscillation technique is a sensitive technique to assess changes in bronchial tone after IHCA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate, 1,000 microg x day-1, on IHCA in asthmatic patients, measured with both forced oscillation technique and flow-volume recordings. Forty patients with mild asthma were included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study. Stratification on the basis of sex was performed to overcome differences in airway diameter. At entry and every 2 weeks during the treatment period, IHCA was performed and patient diaries were evaluated. Characteristic changes in forced oscillation parameters after IHCA were observed in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The development of crud removal technology has started with the finding of the resin aging effect that an old ion exchange resin, aged by long year of use in the condensate demineralizer, had an enhanced crud removal capability. It was confirmed that some physical properties such as specific surface area and water retention capacity were increased due to degradation caused by long year of contact with active oxygens in the condensate water. So, it was speculated that those degradation in the resin matrix enhanced the adsorption of crud particulate onto the resin surface, hence the crud removal capability. Based on this, crud removal resin with greater surface area was first developed. This resin has shown an excellent crud removal efficiency in an actual power plant, and the crud iron concentration in the condensate effluent was drastically reduced by this application. However, the cross-linkage of the cation resin had to be lowered in a delicate manner for that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rhodium (Rh) is a critical component of current automotive three-way catalysts (TWCs), particularly with regard to NO{sub x} and CO conversion at rich and stoichiometric air-fuel ratios (A/F). Rh supported on CeO{sub 2} was active for NO{sub x} and CO conversions but could be deactivated easily by high temperature aging. The cause of the deactivation is ascribed to the sintering of CeO{sub 2}. ZrO{sub 2} incorporation into CeO{sub 2} is reported to have high thermal durability in terms of oxygen storage capacity (OSC). There has been no report showing direct experimental evidence that Rh-loaded on CeO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} mixed oxides induced effects on TWC performance improvement in the actual automotive exhaust. In the present paper, the Rh-CeO{sub 2} interaction contributing to NO{sub x} reduction and the catalytic behavior of Rh-loaded CeO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} mixed oxide is addressed. Incorporating CeO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} into a catalyst offered significant ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To evaluate the role of phytochelatins and metallothioneins in heavy metal tolerance of black mangrove Avicennia germinans, 3-month-old seedlings were exposed to cadmium or copper for 30 h, under hydroponic conditions. Degenerate Mt2 and PCS primers were synthesized based on amino acid and nucleotide alignment sequences reported for Mt2 and PCS in other plant species found in GenBank. Total RNA was isolated from A. germinans leaves and two partial fragments of metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase genes were isolated. Gene expression was evaluated with reverse transcripatase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification technique. Temporal analysis showed that low Cd"2"+ and Cu"2"+ concentrations caused a slight (but not significant) increase in AvMt2 expression after a 16 h exposure time, while AvPCS expression showed a significant increase under the same conditions but only after 4 h. Results strongly suggest that the rapid increase ...

Science.gov (United States)

Experiments contributing to the understanding of the aerodynamics of airfoils operating in the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) environment are described. These experiments are ultimately intended to reduce VAWT cost of energy and increase system reliability. They include chordwise pressure surveys, circumferential blade acceleration surveys, effects of blade camber, pitch and offset, blade blowing, and use of sections designed specifically for VAWT application.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An AHR (Advanced HANARO Reactor) based on the HANARO has been conceptually developed for the future needs of research reactors. Generally, a natural convection cooling in nuclear installations is an ultimate heat removal mechanism as an inherent safety feature. This paper presents the preliminary thermal hydraulic characteristics and safety margins for a natural convection cooling in the AHR.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The mechanical properties of TS 6 (Ti--10 percent Cr--7 percent V--3.5 percent Mo--3 percent Al) alloy were studied. Results are presented in plots showing yield stress vs cold work, notched tensile strength vs unnotched tensile strength, and ultimate tensile strength vs test temperature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document defines the requirements for the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) infrastructure as part of the Dutch Smart Meter Specification. In this document all requirements originating from the NTA 8130, or additionally surveyed by a delegation of the Dutch grid operators, are presented in tables. Each requirement is tightly connected to one or more business use cases presented in the document. The ultimate goal of this procedure is to reduce ambiguity of the requirements due to a better understanding of the requirements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The added incentive to modify electric use under hourly versus monthly market-based pricing is small for most mass market customers in Upstate New York. If the ultimate policy goal of demand-response programs is to reduce peak load, then promoting conservation measures under monthly market-based pricing holds more promise. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

A dialyzable factor(s) in human serum is known to stimulate gonococcal oxygen consumption. Its effect on other human pathogens was investigated. A 10% serum solution increased peak O2 consumption for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to 157% (P less than 0.05) and 199% (P less than 0.02), respectively, of their O2 consumption when suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution, compared with a 356% increase for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with serum. Dialyzed serum lacked stimulatory capacity. Bacteria, serum, and neutrophils are often incubated to evaluate neutrophil bactericidal activity. Samples of 10(8) N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus, and E. coli turned resazurin colorless (anaerobic conditions, Eh less than -42 mV) after 7.4, 13.3, and 15.1 min, respectively. Because neutrophil formation of reactive oxygen intermediates requires ambient O2, the effect of live bacteria and serum on this process was explored. After 5 min of incubation of 10(8) N. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes effects of methods to calculate and analyze bearing capacities and transformation of pile foundations in the limit state design method. Different pile bearing capacity estimating expressions including criteria used in other countries were applied to the case of steel piles driven into the `diatomaceous mudstone ground` in Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture where detailed ground and soil surveys have been made, and the case of piles driven in place into the `sandy and clayish soil alternating ground layers` at the Tennoji area in Osaka Prefecture. The results were compared with those of static loading tests. As a result, the estimated bearing capacity limit was found to agree relatively well with the measured values where uniaxial compression strength was used according to the reference architectural formula. The estimated bearing capacity limit using the N-value as the soil ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trichloroethene (TCE), a common groundwater contaminant, can be degraded under certain conditions by microorganisms that occur naturally in the subsurface. TCE can be degraded under anaerobic conditions to less chlorinated compounds and ultimately into the non-chlorinated, non-hazardous end product, ethene, via anaerobic reductive dechlorination (ARD). ARD is widely recognized as a TCE degradation mechanism, and occurs in active groundwater remediation and can occur during monitored natural attenuation (MNA). MNA relies on natural processes, such as dispersion and degradation, to reduce contaminant concentrations to acceptable levels without active human intervention other than monitoring. TCE can also be biodegraded under aerobic conditions via cometabolism, in which microbial enzymes produced for other purposes fortuitously also react with TCE. In cometabolism, TCE is oxidized directly to non-hazardous products. Cometabolism as a TCE-degrading process under ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to ensure a power balance in an electrical network a spinning reserve has to be capable of activation within seconds. However, because of the need to vary the fuel flow in the steam generator, the run-up of output takes minutes. The required capacity response is therefore achieved by storage of steam from the steam generator. In this process the turbine control valves come into action in a specific manner. The paper describes the importance of the initial reserve for unit capacity control. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pittston Coal Company recognized the potential economic benefit of improving process efficiency with increased capacity at it`s U.K. No. 1 Coal Preparation Plant. Accordingly, extensive research, both domestically and internationally, was conducted to select the appropriate technologies to achieve the desired circuit in the most cost effective manner while, at the same time, sacrificing neither structural integrity nor process performance. Large diameter heavy media cyclone technology was combined with highly efficient banana type screens and improved high intensity magnetic separators to create a coordinated process circuit that provided high efficiency at very high capacities in an economically attractive package.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isobaric molar heat capacities of powder and microsphere form of Li2TiO3 (s) and powder form of LiAlO2 (s) and Li2ZrO3 (s) were measured using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter in the temperature range 320 - 870 K. Specific heat capacities of LiAlO2 (s) was found to be much larger compared to those of Li2TiO3 (s) and Li2ZrO3 (s). (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... um. Water retention capacity is in the range from 40 to 46 %. Dowex

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Regulatory T cells are proposed to play a central role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance in the periphery, and studies in many animal models demonstrate their capacity to inhibit inflammatory...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The compound GdPd_2Si, which is reported to order antiferromagnetically at 13 K, has been investigated by heat capacity and electrical resistivity measurement in the presence of external magnetic fields. In contrast to an earlier report, the zero-field heat capacity and resistivity data indicate two magnetic transitions at 13 and 17 K. The external magnetic field substantially influences the resistivity and heat capacity of the compound around the magnetic ordering temperature. The magnetocaloric effect, which is calculated from in-field heat capacity data, is quite large around the magnetic transition temperature. The magnetoresistance is also large near the magnetic ordering temperature. The metamagnetic transition is observed for 10 kOe magnetic field both in magnetocaloric and in magnetoresistance data. The metamagnetic transition strongly influences the magnetocaloric effect and magnetoresistance, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isobaric specific heat capacities were measured for {1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (HMIMBF4) + acetonitrile (MeCN)} and {1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (OMIMBF4) + acetonitrile} within the whole range of composition and temperatures from (283.15 to 323.15) K. The excess molar heat capacities were calculated from the experimental results and satisfactorily fitted to Redlich-Kister type polynomials for several selected temperatures. Negative deviations from the additivity of molar heat capacities were observed within the whole composition range of (HMIBMF4 + MeCN) and (OMIMBF4 + MeCN). The results obtained have been interpreted in terms of interactions between ionic liquids and acetonitrile.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1976). USSR Lupin, VM Ramazanov, PE Tomskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Over the past decades the Mekong River basin has experienced several droughts, the most recent of which occurred in the hydrological year 2004/2005. Impacts extended across agriculture, forestry, water resources, supply, industry, transport and the environment. In early 2006, the Mekong River Commission Secretariat initiated close consultations with the MRC member states Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam, aiming at the formulation of a common Drought Management Programme, which would enhance the existing drought management capacity and ensure effective support. This paper draws attention to the programme formulation process. It shows how national capacity needs were assessed and synthesized into a basin-wide capacity development programme. The paper concludes that in the context of i...

Science.gov (United States)

This report describes the design of, and image reconstruction capacity of a Hadamard Raman Microscopic imager. Microscopy of benzoic acid and graphite electrodes, as well as electrophoretic blotting, are described. (CBS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We wanted to evaluate the usefulness of a new type of a complex expandable nitinol stent that was designed to reduce the stent's propensity to migration during the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. Two types of expandable nitinol stent were constructed by weaving a single thread of 0.2mm nitinol wire in a tubular configuration: an uncovered stent 18mm in diameter and a covered stent 16mm in diameter. Both ends of the covered stent were fabricated by coaxially inserting the covered stent into the tubular uncovered stent and then attaching the two stents together with using nylon monofilament. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the stent was placed in 29 consecutive patients (20 men and 9 women, mean age: 65 years) who were suffering with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (n=20), duodenal obstruction (n=6) or combined obstruction (n=3). Clinical improvement was assessed by comparing the food intake capacity before and ...

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Nickel is present in radioactive waste (as activation products {sup 59}Ni and {sup 63}Ni) besides being an element widely distributed in the geosphere and considered for alloys in the engineered barrier systems for underground repositories. For these reasons, within the scope of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Thermochemical Data Base (TDB) Project a comprehensive review of thermodynamic data has been carried out by the present authors [1]. Over 700 original bibliography sources have been considered, resulting in recommended data for over 50 inorganic species and compounds. Central to the new database are the selections for {delta}{sub f}G{sub m}{sup 0}(Ni{sup 2+}, 298.15 K), established on the basis of re-evaluations of potentiometric data for Ni{sup 2+} | Ni (cr) and S{sub m}{sup 0}(Ni{sup 2+}, 298.15 K) established on the dissolution equilibria for NiSO{sub 4}.7H{sub 2}O(cr). The resulting value for {delta}{sub f}H{sub m}{sup 0}(Ni{sup 2+}, 298.15 K) is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The strategy for management of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s (ORNL`s) radioactively contaminated liquid waste was reviewed. The latest information on waste characterization, regulations, US Department of Energy (DOE) budget guidance, and research and development programs was evaluated to determine how the strategy should be revised. Few changes are needed to update the strategy to reflect new waste characterization, research, and regulatory information. However, recent budget guidance from DOE indicates that minimum funding will not be sufficient to accomplish original objectives to upgrade the liquid low-level waste (LLLW) system to be in compliance with the Federal Facilities Agreement compliance, provide long-term LLLW treatment capability, and minimize Environmental Safety & Health risks. Options are presented that might allow the ORNL LLLW system to continue operations temporarily but significantly reduce its capabilities to handle emergency ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Policy strategies for the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources differ significantly among the Member States of the European Union with respect to the amount of additional installed capacity as well as concerning the country-specific support costs. The present report aims to assess the effectiveness and the economic efficiency of the support policies in the EU based on both historical experiences and prospective model-based analysis. The main message of the investigation is that the most effective policy instruments tend to be cost-efficient at the same time. In particular, feed-in tariff systems were identified as a successful instrument for supporting renewable energies in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, whereas quota systems still have to prove themselves in practice. (orig.) [German] Bezueglich des Erfolges bei der Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger im Stromsektor bestehen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten der ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article deals with the problem of a humidity addition to thermal conductivity, diffusion and latent heat effects in heat transfer through building components. It shows with examples humidity effects for exterior walls with core insulation, with composite insulation system as well as for insulated roof membrane assemblies. From these it can be summarized that - sorption humidity is for today`s construction conditions (good thermal insulation and humidity protection) a suitable reference quantity for the determination of practice-oriented, substance-specific and physically correct humidity additions to the thermal conductivity of hygroscopic components; - diffusion and latent heat effects are in case of good rain imperviousness and low water absorbing capacity of the exterior component layers of secondary importance for transmission heat losses; - an increase in insulating layer thickness in order to improve the thermal insulation is possible without humidity ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The germination and growth of Pinus radials Don. plantlets in solid residues deriving from a Kraft pulp industry was evaluated. Plant conditions were monitored by histological studies of roots and shoot-tips, as well as by plant analyses of several essential and non essential elements. The solids employed consisted of ashes, fly-ashes, dregs, grits, primary sludge, brown stock screening rejects and various mixtures of them. Their addition, in a range of combinations to sandy/metamorphic or marine terrace/clay soils, resulted in effective and sustained growth under greenhouse conditions. Low proportions of wastes favored growth in most cases, indicating that they may act as fertilisers. In some experiments, especially in those where waste was added in proportions ranging from 50% to 60%, germination and/or development were slightly affected. Two-year old field experiments have confirmed that in spite of the high pH values, Na ion content or elevated water retention ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irradiation is efficient at extinction fungi contamination in peanuts. Peanuts have high biologic value protein, minerals, vitamin E, complex B, and high concentration of lipids. The objective of this research is to evaluate the gamma irradiation effect on color, total phenolic, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid profile in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Cultivars IAC-Tatu ST and IAC-Runner 886 were submitted to gamma radiation with doses of 5.0; 7.5; 10.0, and 15.0 kGy and storage at room temperature. There was no significant difference in the color of IAC-Tatu ST. However, significant difference was found in the luminosity and Chroma in IAC-Runner 886. Total fenolics differed from the control with 33.27 mg.g-1 and treatment dose of 10.0 kGy with 58.60 mg.g-1 in IAC-Tatu ST. This parameter not had significant difference in IAC-Runner 886 and the control with 51.59 mg.g-1. The antioxidant activity did not present significant difference with a dose of 10.0 kGy, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Under the current design philosophy, reactor structures are to be designed to withstand large inelastic deformation caused by strong and severe ground motion. The design of the main structural elements and their connections are to be such that they always fail in ductile mode. This will ensure large energy absorption capacity of the structures under seismic excitation and avoid sudden and brittle failure of the structure. Over the years, a number of experimental investigations have been carried out on RC beam- column joints to study their behaviour and strength. However, these studies mostly pertain to small scale joints of moment resisting frame of residential buildings and commercial complexes. Information on full scale joints existing in NPP structures are scanty. Therefore, experimental programme was planned in the laboratory to construct identical large sized joints with the same reinforcement percentage and detail as that of the existing joints in NPP ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study was made for the purpose of electrification of unelectrified zones of the mountainous areas in developing countries using extremely small hydroelectric power facilities. The target for this project is a development of a micro hydroelectric power system with a size of about 5kW, which is estimated regarding that 1 village has 80 houses and each house needs electricity of 60W. In the study, the low-head system using a weir of irrigation channels in Subang pref. of West Java state was selected by the evaluation of access, stability of flow rate, natural conditions, etc. The hydroelectric power plant is of a flow-in method in which water is taken from the left bank and is injected/discharged to the downstream of the left bank. As the hybrid complementary power source, hybrid battery with a two-hour charging time at peak and a capacity of 3.5kWh was considered. When estimating the construction cost of the hybrid micro hydroelectric power ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In addition to dependable starting - even at extreme sub-zero temperatures - the starting behaviour of modern commercial vehicle diesel engines is increasingly being evaluated on the basis of HC emissions in the starting and warm-up phases. To improve their performance in this respect, most small and medium-sized diesel engines (with a capacity of 3 to 12 litres) are therefore equipped with intake air heating systems. As an alternative to high-performance, fuel-burning flame start systems, the automotive industry supplier Beru has now developed a new type of self-regulating electric heating element which not only ensures dependable starting with short heating times but also allows drastic reductions in HC emissions. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Startverhalten moderner Nutzfahrzeug-Dieselmotoren wird, ergaenzend zum Hauptmerkmal des sicheren Starts auch bei extremen Minustemperaturen, zunehmend anhand der HC-Emission in der Start- und Warmlaufphase ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Japan, the development of next-generation Light Water Reactor has been launched since April 2008. The development program will be completed in 2015. The purpose of development is to cope with the replacement for existing nuclear power plants after 2030 in Japan and the expanding demand for nuclear power in the world; 'Nuclear Renaissance.' The reactor also aims to be global standard at around 2030. The requirements for global standard and domestic users have been investigated through the feasibility study of past 2 years, 2006-2007, and six innovative features or 'Core-Concepts' were established as follows. A) Reactor core system with uranium enrichment above 5% for significant decrease of spent fuel discharge and prominent higher availability B) Long-life materials and innovative water chemistry technologies for 80 years plant lifetime and significant reduction of occupational dose C) Seismic isolation technologies to standardize plant design independent from site conditions D) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of simulated coal-derived synthesis gas was conducted with NiO oxygen carriers supported on SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, and sepiolite. The effect of H2S on the performance of these samples for the CLC process was also evaluated. Five-cycle thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests at 800 C indicated that all oxygen carriers had a stable performance at 800 C, except NiO/SiO2. Full reduction/oxidation reactions of the oxygen carrier were obtained during the five-cycle test. It was found that support had a significant effect on reaction performance of NiO both in reduction and oxidation rates. The reduction reaction was significantly faster than the oxidation reaction for all oxygen carriers, while the oxidation reaction is fairly slow due to oxygen diffusion on NiO layers. The reaction profile was greatly affected by the presence of H2S, but there was no effect on the capacity due to the presence of H2S in synthesis gas. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Only within the past decade has the potential of metal biosorption by biomass materials been well established. For economic reasons, of particular interest are abundant biomass types generated as a waste byproduct of large-scale industrial fermentations or certain metal-binding algae found in large quantities in the sea. These biomass types serve as a basis for newly developed metal biosorption processes foreseen particularly as a very competitive means for the detoxification of metal-bearing industrial effluents. The assessment of the metal-building capacity of some new biosorbents is discussed. Lead and cadmium, for instance, have been effectively removed from very dilute solutions by the dried biomass of some ubiquitous species of brown marine algae such as Ascophyllum and Sargassum, which accumulate more than 30% of biomass dry weight in the metal. Mycelia of the industrial steroid-transforming fungi Rhizopus and Absidia are excellent biosorbents for lead, ...

Science.gov (United States)

The ultimate compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of femoral cortical bone from adult geese (Anser anser), were determined by sex and by quadrant by compressing small right circular cylinders which were 2.4 mm in height and 0.8 mm in diameter. The average ultimate compressive strength was 183 +/- 29 MPa. The average modulus of elasticity was 13.2 +/- 3.4 GPa. The bending strength and bending modulus of elasticity were determined by a three point bend test on rectangular prisms which had the approximate dimensions 0.75 mm X 0.75 mm X 25 mm. The average bending strength was 263 +/- 44 MPa while the average bending modulus was 19.6 +/- 3.1 GPa. The calcium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and no correlation was found with the mechanical properties. The histology of the cortical bone was examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. A unique type of Haversian bone is described. Goose bone was found to be ...

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Relationships of ultimate and proximate analysis of 4540 US coal samples from 25 states with gross calorific value (GCV) have been investigated by regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs) methods. Three set of inputs: (a) volatile matter, ash and moisture (b) C, H, N, O, S and ash (c) C, H{sub exclusive} {sub of} {sub moisture}, N, O{sub exclusive} {sub of} {sub moisture}, S, moisture and ash were used for the prediction of GCV by regression and ANNs. The multivariable regression studies have shown that the model (c) is the most suitable estimator of GCV. Running of the best arranged ANNs structures for the models (a) to (c) and assessment of errors have shown that the ANNs are not better or much different from regression, as a common and understood technique, in the prediction of uncomplicated relationships between proximate and ultimate analysis and coal GCV. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

A detection theory is developed for point-contact metal-oxide-metal (MOM) systems. A system with heterogeneous oxide strongly bonded to the substrate is considered. It is shown that the form of the functional connection between the barrier heights and the ultimate compressive strength of the oxide has no substantial influence on the voltage-current characteristics of the system. Quantitative analysis indicates that a MOM system can behave as a tunnel diode and as a diode with a Schottky barrier. The model permits the determination of the optimum construction of long-life detectors based on MOM point-contacts.-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strain rate effects for the high strength, metastable beta-titanium alloy Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al are assessed in terms of tensile and fracture toughness behavior. It is shown that as the strain rate increases the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility also increase. As a result of the decrease in the amount of intergranular fracture as the strain rate is increased, the dynamic fracture toughness values K/sub Id/ are greater than those obtained under static conditions as given by K/sub Q/.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 'elementary' particle physics began in 1935, when Hideki Yukawa published his pioneering pi-meson theory, and the problem of strong interaction was finally solved 40 years later by the establishment of the Standard Model. The composite models of hadrons by the Sakata school and Sin-itiro Tomonaga's renormalization theory for quantum electrodynamics played essential roles for finding this beautiful solution. It is really surprising that it took only 40 years to solve such desperately difficult problem. The 'elementary' particle physics then split into two new fields, quark-hadron physics' and 'unified (ultimate) theory of particle physics', which are now 30 years old already. (author)

CERN Document Server

In source coding, either with or without side information at the decoder, the ultimate performance can be achieved by means of random binning. Structured binning into cosets of performing channel codes has been successfully employed in practical applications. In this letter it is formally shown that various convolutional- and turbo-syndrome decoding algorithms proposed in literature lead in fact to the same estimate. An equivalent implementation is also delineated by directly tackling syndrome decoding as a maximum a posteriori probability problem and solving it by means of iterative message-passing. This solution takes advantage of the exact same structures and algorithms used by the conventional channel decoder for the code according to which the syndrome is formed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Typhoons Aere (2004) and Matsa (2005) caused high nephelometric turbidity in the Shihmen reservoir in northern Taiwan, jeopardizing the operation of the reservoir for several days, and ultimately impacting the living conditions and economy of the downstream residents. The torrential rains caused landslides and debris flows in upland areas, and flowed into riverbeds, likely contributing significantly to the suspended sediment yields in the reservoir. This investigation elucidates how upland landslides affect sediment attributes in the reservoir basin. Study methods including field observations, spatial analysis in GIS and aerial photo interpretation are adopted to trace the sediment sources and contributing factors to the landslide. Torrential rains induced landslides and debris-flows uplan...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This essay, operating in a philosophical mode, continues and expands the discussion initiated by Amos Yong about the role of "spirit" in the theology-science dialogue. After a working definition, it explores Santayana's and Tillich's perspectives on the proximate derivation of human spirit before treating them further as representatives for naturalist and trans-naturalist camps regarding the spirit's ultimate source. Then a descriptive definition of "spirit" is advanced along with the concluding standpoint that while "spirit" is vague, even poetic, it remains for the foreseeable future a necessary and useful placeholder for what advances in neuroscience and future philosophical and theological research can help us unveil further.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Marburg virus belongs to the genus Marburgvirus in the family Filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), in both humans and nonhuman primates. Similar to the more widely known Ebola hemorrhagic fever, MHF is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory responses. These pathological features of the disease contribute to a number of systemic dysfunctions including hemorrhages, edema, coagulation abnormalities and, ultimately, multiorgan failure and shock, often resulting in death. A detailed understanding of the pathological processes that lead to this devastating disease remains elusive, a fact that contributes to the lack of licensed vaccines or effective therapeutics. This article will review the...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Kootenay, Luscar/Manville, and Belly River Groups, and the Horseshoe Canyon and Scollard Coalspur Formations are the most important coal measures in Alberta. Estimated current resources and reserves are 89 and 35 billion tonnes, respectively. Ultimate resources and reserves are 2100 and 660 billion tonnes, respectively. Most of the reserves are subbituminous and require underground mining methods. Current production is approximately 39 million tonnes per year, primarily subbituminous coal that is used for domestic electrical generation. Bituminous coal is exported. Long-term development will depend on markets, price, and infrastructure. 11 refs., 4 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

The reconstruction of segmental defect in long bone is a clinical challenge. Multiple surgeries are typically required to restore the structure and function of the affected defect site. In order to overcome this defect a biodegradable bone tissue engineering scaffold is used. This scaffold acts as a carrier of proteins and growth factors, while also supporting the load that the bone would normally sustain, until the natural bone can regenerate in its place. Work was done to optimize an existing solid free-form scaffold design. The goal of the optimization was to increase the porosity of the scaffold while maintaining the strength of a previously-tested prototype design. With this in mind, eight new designs were created. These designs were drawn using CAD software and then through the use of finite element analysis the theoretical ultimate compressive strength of each design was obtained. Each scaffold design was constructed by casting a thermal-curable ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This document - IAEA Safeguards: Implementation Blueprint of Commercial Satellite Imagery - constitutes the second report from SSC Satellitbild giving a structured view and solid guidelines on how to proceed with a conceivable implementation of satellite imagery to support Safeguards activities of the Agency. This Phase 2 report presents a large number of concrete recommendations regarding suggested management issues, work organisation, imagery purchasing and team building. The study has also resulted in several lists of actions and preliminary project plans with GANT schedules concerning training, hardware and software, as well as for the initial pilot studies. In both the Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies it is confirmed that the proposed concept of a relatively small Imagery Unit using high-resolution data will be a sound and feasible undertaking. Such a unit capable of performing advanced image processing as a tool for various safeguard tasks will give the Agency an effective instrument ...

Science.gov (United States)

The maximum fissile fuel production capacity of three conceptual fusion breeder systems is examined on the basis of the dominant isotopic-balance processes. Compact relationships involving system power output, plasma and energy multiplication, and parameters which describe the fuel cycle and neutron spectrum in the blanket are established. It is found that the fusion breeder, as characterized herein, possesses a substantial fissile fuel breeding capacity the extent of which is governed primarily by the neutron spectrum in the conversion blanket and the break-even condition of the plasma.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hydrothermal method for preparing crystal borophosphate with zeolite structure is suggested. To increase absorption capacity and thermal stability of final product, aluminium hydroxide sol, ethylenediamine and ethyl acetate are added to the mixture of crystal boric and concentrated phosphoric acids. Thermal stability of the specimens prepared constitutes 880-950 deg, water absorption capacity is within the limits of 0.30-0.32 cmT/g. 1 table.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

As the Operating and Support staffs of the FFTF organization have gained experience, the plant reliability and capacity factors have shown a steadily improving trend. The plant capacity factor for Cycle 4 was 99.5%. It is the purpose of this report to describe the evolution of the maintenance organization at the FFTF site from a general support organization to a technically proficient organization playing a major role in planning and performance of plant maintenance evolutions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the case of large capacity steam turbines the conventional nozzle group control is, for mechanical and thermodynamic reasons, diminishing more and more in importance in favour of variable pressure control. A design for constant-pressure operation as an alternative to nozzle group control is described; this demonstrates a series of important advantages compared with the latter. (orig.).

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This book contains nomographs for analysis and design of signalized intersections and thoroughly explains how to use them. The nomographs simplify and reduce the work that otherwise would have to be done by hand. The nomograph method for computing capacity has a significant advantage over computerized methods: it provides insight into the interaction between the various factors in the solution process for design analysis.