Science.gov (United States)

A method is presented for calculating the thermal stability of blast furnace coke over a wide range of sizes, based on a study of the coke behaviour pattern in the blast furnace and the change in its thermo-elastic properties during reheating. Using as an example a Novolipetsk metallurgical plant, the possibility was demonstrated of using the thermal stability index calculated by the proposed method for an unambiguous assessment of the quality of blast furnace coke.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:5089231

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An economic analysis of the potential advantages of alternatives for recycling and reusing equipment now stored in Building 865 at the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Colorado has been conducted. The inventory considered in this analysis consists primarily of metallurgical and process equipment used before January 1992, during development and production of nuclear weapons components at the site. The economic analysis consists of a thorough building inventory and cost comparisons for four equipment dispositions alternatives. The first is a baseline option of disposal at a Low Level Waste (LLW) landfill. The three alternatives investigated are metal recycling, reuse with the government sector, and release for unrestricted use. This report provides item-by-item estimates of value, disposal cost, and decontamination cost. The economic evaluation methods documented here, the simple cost comparisons presented, and the data provided as a supplement, should ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants are periodically checked by means of eddy current probes. The output of a probe is composed of three types of signals: known events (rolling zone, support plates, U-bend part), noise (mainly metallurgical noise) and possible flaws. The latter are random transients, both in arrival time and in shape: they have to be detected and then estimated, before to be fed to the high level stages of a diagnostic system. The objective of the study presented is to develop a semi-automatic system, which could manage and process more than 1 M-bytes of data per tube and provide an operator with reliable diagnostics proposals within a few minutes. This can be achieved only by cooperation of several digital signal processing techniques: detection, segmentation, estimation, noise subtraction, adaptive filtering, modelization, pattern recognition. The paper describes some of these items.

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Short communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In view of the importance of the material Alloy 800 in high-temperature reactor plants (HTR), a material data bank was established which is used for statistical evaluation of mechanical and physical material behaviour. Based on investigations on the interconnection between the mechanical properties at high temperatures and the metallurgical parameters, different types of Alloy 800 were specified in compliance with the component requirements. In addition, aspects of corrosion and toughness behaviour were taken into consideration. The specifications and strength characteristics for the different variants of Alloy 800 were incorporated into draft DIN standards after discussion and approval in expert committees. Further important characteristics of the mechanical and physical material behaviour were summarized in HTR material data sheets so as to furnish an improved basis for the design and stress analyses of Alloy 800 components. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The composition and physicochemical properties of Gorlovsk Basin anthracite are studied, with a view to expanding its metallurgical use. In industrial tests, anthracite is employed in smelting hot metal in cupola furnaces, in the production of carbonized products and briquets, in ferroalloy production, in sintering iron ore, and in batch for foundry coke.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants are periodically checked by means of eddy current probes. The output of a probe is composed of three types of signals: known events (rolling zone, support plates, U-bend part), noise (mainly metallurgical noise) and possible flaws. The latter are random transients, both in arrival time and in shape: they have to be detected and then estimated, before to be fed to the high level stages of a diagnostics system. The objective of the study presented is to develop a semi-automatic system, which could manage and process more than 1 M-bytes of data per tube and provide an operator with reliable diagnostics proposals within a few minutes. This can be achieved only by cooperation of several digital signal processing techniques: detection, segmentation, estimation, noise subtraction, adaptive filtering, modelization, pattern recognition. The paper describes some of these items.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dissimilar metal welds between ferritic low-alloy and austenitic stainless steels commonly occur in power plant application. In order to overcome some of the problems encountered here, a trimetallic configuration using an intermediate piece (such as Alloy 800) between the austenitic and ferritic steels has been suggested. This paper describes some features of the joints between modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and Alloy 800, produced with Inconel 82/182 filler material. The joints require heat-treatment after welding and the results have shown that a treatment at 760 C for 2 h would be optimal. Although most tensile failures occurred in the weld metal the welds were found to exhibit strength properties that are at least equal to those of Alloy 800, with a tensile elongation lying between those of the two base materials. Similarly, while the weld metals are slightly less tough than the two base materials, the weld metal toughness at 120 J is still quite adequate for the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In an HTR plant high temperature components of Alloy 800 materials are subjected to temperatures from about 550 to 850degC in the long term; higher temperatures may occur in the short term. Thus the creep and stress-rupture parameters govern the design of these components. Since in recent years the scope of experimental data available for Alloy 800 materials has considerably increased, a new evaluation of the creep and creep-rupture properties was performed using a data bank computer. The relationships between the characteristics of the creep and creep-rupture behaviour and the metallurgical parameters were investigated by multilinear regression analyses. On the basis of the results of these analyses and after discussion in material expert committees new material specifications were determined for different types of Alloy 800. They were included into the draft standards DIN 17459 and DIN 17460 under the material standard nos. 1.4958, 1.4958 Rk ...

Wastenet

... Zinc-carbon/air and alkaline-manganese batteries can be reprocessed using a number of different methods, which include smelting and other thermal-metallurgical processes to ... Citron in France - thermal-metallurgical reprocessing primarily of zinc-carbon/air and alkaline-manganese (including older ones containing mercury), but also NiMH, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Only about 25% of residue accumulating in the Federal Republic of Germany is currently used for the purposes of energy. This residue will be converted into fuel for power stations by the Omega process when the dumping of waste with a calorific value in excess of 5 MJ/kg is prohibited with effect from 2005. This oxygen melting process is suitable for the local use of substitute fuels. Waste is converted into a high-quality synthesis gas with a wide range of uses. The Omega process combines drying, thermal decomposition, gasification and melting of the material used in a single-stage process. This is now technologically possible for the first time by combining a metallurgical cupola furnace with a traditional gas producer. The highly-calorific synthesis gas produced by the Omega process can be used in block heat and power stations or as an industrial fuel gas, instead of natural gas. It is also suitable as a starting material for synthesising methanol. The gas is ...

Science.gov (United States)

Direct coupljng between Al and Au metal]jzations can result in an increase in gate resistance due to a metallurgical reaction. (purple plague). An RF life test on ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Results are presented from an evaluation of the effect of the quality of the iron-ore-bearing raw materials and coke on the performance of blast furnaces at the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Combine. It is shown that the technical-economic indices of the smelting operation are improved by increasing the pellet content of the charge, the basicity of the sinter, and the sinter?s content of the ?5 mm fraction. An analysis of the performance of the blast furnaces on coke with a hot-strength index CSR = 40?60% confirmed the qualitative and quantitative effect of this index on furnace productivity and coke consumption. The analysis also showed that the magnitude of this effect depends on smelting rate and the basicity of the furnace slag.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have investigated the superconducting and metallurgical properties of the ternary compounds RPd_2Si_2 and RRh_2Si_2 with R = Y, La, and Lu. All RPd_2Si_2 compounds and LaRh_2Si_2 were found to be type-I superconductors below 1 K. A detailed metallurgical analysis shows that segregation of second phases can easily mask the intrinsic (stoichiometric ratio 1:2:2) intermetallic-compound properties. Two sample-preparation techniques, viz., single crystals and off-stoichiometry, were utilized to establish where bulk superconductivity occurs. The type-I behavior of these compounds is explained with an analogous model as is used for the heavy-fermion superconductors CeCu_2Si_2 and URu_2Si_2.

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High and ultra-high strength steels for pipelines are produced by properly handling the steel microstructure. The metallurgical principles involved in the microstructure control are presented, with emphasis on TMCP processing, that comprises conventional controlled rolling followed by accelerated cooling. (author)

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The bibliography contains citations concerning industrial uses and design of microwave heating equipment. Included are heating and drying of paper, industrial process heat, vulcanization, textile processing, metallurgical heat for sintering and ceramic manufacturing, food processing, and curing of polymers.(Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model is available in predicting flocculation frequencies between particles of various properties under the influence of a magnetic field. This model provides a basic understanding of fundamental phenomena, such as particle-particle and particle-collector interactions, occurring in HGMF (high gradient magnetic field), and will be extended to describe experimental data of particle flocculation and filtration and predict the performance of high- gradient magnetic filters. It is also expected that this model will eventually lead to a tool for design and optimization of magnetic filters for environmental, metallurgical, biochemical, and other applications.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Proceeding from commercially available instruments, a simple measuring system has been established, which renders possible fast and simple discontinuous analysis of individual elements. This measuring system is described, giving some examples of utilization in nonferrous metallurgy (mining, ore dressing, metallurgical treatment), and specific details, such as error of measurement, ranges of measurement and limits of utilization. (author).

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The bullet evidence in the JFK assassination investigation was reexamined from metallurgical and statistical standpoints. The questioned specimens are comprised of soft lead, possibly from full-metal-jacketed Mannlicher-Carcano, 6.5-mm ammunition. During lead refining, contaminant elements are removed to specified levels for a desired alloy or composition. Microsegregation of trace and minor elements during lead casting and processing can account for the experimental variabilities measured in various evidentiary and comparison samples by laboratory analysts. Thus, elevated concentrations of antimony and copper at crystallographic grain boundaries, the widely varying sizes of grains in Mannlicher-Carcano bullet lead, and the 5-60 mg bullet samples analyzed for assassination intelligence effectively resulted in operational sampling error for the analyses. This deficiency was not considered in the original data interpretation and resulted in an invalid conclusion in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An analysis of the passive films formed on amorphous alloys of the system Fe-10% Cr-5% Mo-P-metalloid and Fe-10% Cr-5% Mo-B-Si revealed that they are more markedly enriched with chromium in silicon-free alloys. In silicon-containing amorphous alloys the passive films were highly enriched with silicon, which occurred in these films in the form of a corrosion product close to SiO_2. As shown by the investigations of a study of the anodic behavior of Fe_4_0Ni_4_0P_1_4B_6 and Fe_4_0Ni_3_8Mo_4B_1_8, phosphorus facilitates the passivation of amorphous alloys by reducing the solution current in the active state and enriching the surface layers of the metal in the form of a black prepassivation film which also contains nickel and iron. The behavior of Fe-Ni amorphous alloys containing only boron as metalloid additive differs little from that of crystalline alloys of similar composition but without the boron. The authors note that in this survey they have considered the influence of only some ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The recent definition of a postulated thermal shock accident followed promptly by system repressurization, termed an overcooling or pressurized thermal shock accident, has set a large analysis and research effort into motion. The essential elements are concerned with defining the accident transients, evaluating the instrumentation and controls that cause the postulated accidents, and evaluating the metallurgical and structural mechanics aspects of the reactor vessel with respect to its failure potential. This paper poses the question faced by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for the vessel steel embrittlement, annealing, and surveillance dosimetry facets of this postulated accident and provides information on our plans for study of this problem as well as current status.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report discusses: Combustion characteristics of various commercial cokes for cupola furnace operation; quality level of modern cokes; foundry coke, blast furnace coke, MB coke; characteristic data, e.g. grain size distribution, drum resistance, concentrations of water, carbon, sulphur, ash, and volatiles, reactivity; changes in coke quality during transport. (HS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Denison Mines Limited is completing two final feasibility studies on the Coalspur thermal coal property in northwestern Alberta and the Belcourt property south of Dawson Creek, B.C. Denison is also carrying out a geological field program on a promising metallurgical coal property, Wildhay, west of Hinton, Alberta. Fording Coal Ltd. will close its Fording River mine for at least the second half of December. Site preparation has started at the Obed-Marsh thermal coal project northeast of Hinton.

Science.gov (United States)

Title list.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles have been performed on palladium wire samples, stressed by a constant mechanical tension, in order to investigate the changes in electrical and mechanical properties. A large increase of palladium electrical resistivity has been reported due to the combined effects of the production of defects linked to hydrogen insertion into the host lattice and the stress applied to the sample. An increase of the palladium sample strain due to hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles in ????? phase transitions is observed compared to the sample subjected to mechanical tension only. The loss of initial metallurgical properties of the sample occurs already after the first hydrogen cycle, i.e. a displacement from the initial metallic behavior (increase of the resistivity and decrease of thermal coefficient of resistivity) to a worse one occurs already after the first hydrogen cycle. A linear correlation between palladium resistivity and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The proposed Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) in the US and plans for a Large Hadron Collider LHC at CERN are likely to require micron size filaments to reduce micron size filaments to reduce magnetization effects at the low injection fields envisioned. Superconductors of NbTi, designed to meet these requirements, are described. These conductors contain from 6000 to 36,613 filaments. Results are presented on NbTi conductors made by multiple extrusion techniques. Filament sizes of between 2.2 and 17 micron have been obtained. Current densities of between 2400 A/mm"2 and nearly 3400 A/mm"2 at 5 Tesla have been achieved. Metallurgical aspects of these conductors are presented using both optical and SEM views of conductor cross section and filament surface.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In order to improve the reliability of PWR steam generators, we have performed research to improve the tubing material and tube-support-plate configuration, based on our wide operating experience, and have developed and verified Alloy TT690 as the optimum tubing material and the BEC (Broached Egg Crate) type tube-support design. In the research, we have studied the metallurgical mechanism of the alloy to improve its corrosion resistance, evaluated corrosion susceptible region quantitatively, estimated the actual environment in a steam generator and confirmed the reliability by a model boiler test over a long period. It has been verified that the steam generator with the latest design has higher reliability with respect to the corrosion resistance of tubes. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

TIMETAL LCB was introduced more than 10 years ago targeting automotive suspension spring applications. The alloy development aim was to use a low-cost formulation by selecting less expensive raw materials than typical beta titanium alloys. Following the first successful application of TIMETAL LCB suspension springs to series production vehicles, the 2000 Volkswagen Lupo FSI, the springs have been used for Ferrari Challenge Stradale since 2003. The most recent development effort was focused on the generation of metallurgical and mechanical service data for the alloy, and the implementation of efficient low cost processing of coils. This paper will introduce various properties of TIMETAL LCB products that can be useful in the design and the consideration of spring applications. Recent progress in the processing of TIMETAL LCB will also be introduced and discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A radiometric method of measuring the ratio of liquid and solid phases (crust thickness) in a continuous ingot for automation of the continuous steel casting process, has been proposed. The essence of the method is, that radiation flux, bearing information on the object tested, is transformed in a succession of electric pulses, which is processed afterwords for obtaining necessary information. In this case either the flux of non-scattered radiation, passed through the object, or the flux of single-scattered radiation reflected from the object is registered. Block-diagram and specifications of a radiometric device with the Co source of 50 gxequiv. Ra activity developed for this purpose are presented. The technique for calibration ob the device and the results of its tests, are described. It is shown, that introduction of such devices for the control crust thickness at the installations of continuous steel casting of metallurgical works would permit to exercise ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis deals with the evaluation of Solar Grade Silicon (SoG-Si) purified by different techniques, and also the fabrication and characterization of high efficiency and advanced bifacial solar cells. In the beginning of Chapter 1, various SoG-Si production methods relevant for this work are qualitatively described. The three feedstock materials used in this work are from the Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) process, metallurgical feedstock-I and feedstock-II process. In metallurgical feedstock-I, the lifetime of the minority charge carriers in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) samples at the grain boundaries are found to be higher than the grains themselves possibly due to lower resistivities in the grain boundaries. The efficiency of the best solar cell obtained using the mc-Si metallurgical feedstock-I is 16.1%. It has been identified that the fast light induced degradation, whose magnitude is lower than that of a reference ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ultrasonic gold and aluminum wire wedge bonding are widely used for electrical and signal interconnections of the integrated circuit chip packages. In this paper, based on the metallurgical theories and thermal aging test methods, the long-term thermal reliabilities of gold and aluminum wire wedge bonding on aluminum and Au/Ni/Cu pads, were investigated, respectively. At 200degreeC, the Au/Al bond interfaces evolved little when the storage time was less than 48h; with the aging time increasing, the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMC) grew up from the pad (vertical growth); the primary compounds were Au5Al2 near the bond toe and heel, and Au2Al at the periphery. Then, the thickness of IMC was unchanged, and extended horizontally (lateral growth), Au5Al2 transformed into more stable Au...

Science.gov (United States)

The use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) combined with in situ sputter etching for revealing the metallurgy of the metal-semiconductor interface is presented. The physical basis, measurement techniques, and data interpretation for Auger analysis of thin-film structures are briefly reviewed. Results of a detailed study of an alloyed multilayered contact (Ni/Au-Ge) on n-type epitaxial GaAs are summarized to illustrate how electrical and metallurgical contact properties can be correlated using AES. In addition, the results of a study of the growth kinetics and chemical phase identification of palladium silicide on single-crystal Si is given, as well as the initial results of a study of aluminum-palladium silicide interaction at elevated temperature. (auth)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Three complementary impact welding technologies are described in this paper. They are explosive welding, magnetic pulse welding, and laser impact welding, which have been used to provide metallurgical bonds between both similar and dissimilar metal pairs. They share the physical principle that general impact-driven welding can be carried out by oblique impact but are used at different length scales from meters to sub-millimeter. The different length scales require different kinds of systems to drive the process, and the scales themselves can give different weld morphologies. Metallographic analysis on cross-sections shows a wavy interface morphology which is likely the result of an instability associated with jetting, which scours the surfaces clean during impact. The normalized period and...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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CERN Document Server

Nuclear plants decommissioning

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the Bruce A Nuclear Generating Station (BNGS-A) Unit 1 1997 planned outage, a dew point search method identified a leak in one steam generator(SG) tube. Subsequently, the tube was inspected with all available eddy current probes and removed for examination. The initial inspection results and metallurgical examination of the removed tube confirmed that the leak was due to intergranular attack/stress corrosion cracking (IGA/SCC) emanating from the secondary side of the tube at the top of the tubesheet location. Subsequently, eddy current and ultrasonic indications were found at the top of the tubesheet of other Alloy 600 SG tubes. To investigate the source of the indications and to validate the inspection probes, sections of 40 tubes with various levels of damage were removed. The metallurgical examination of the removed sections showed that both secondary side and primary side initiated, circumferential, stress corrosion cracking and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Over one-third of Canada's coal resources occurs in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, with major deposits in the Front Ranges, Inner Foothills and Outer Foothills. In the Front Ranges, deposits of metallurgical and thermal, high-volatile bituminous to semi-anthracite coal occur in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Mist Mountain Formation. In the Inner Foothills of northeastern British Columbia and west-central Alberta, resources of metallurgical and thermal medium- and low-volatile bituminous coal occur in Early Cretaceous strata of the Gething and Gates Formations. In the Outer Foothills resources of thermal, high-volatile bituminous coal occur in Late Cretaceous and Paleocene strata of the Belly River Coalspur and Paskapoo Formations. The major deposits of the Front Ranges and Inner Foothills accumulated within the coastal plains of the Fernie and Moosebar-Clearwater seas. Shorelines prograded to the north and northeast into a ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The concept of plant intelligence, as proposed by Anthony Trewavas, has raised considerable discussion. However, plant intelligence remains loosely defined; often it is either perceived as practically...Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finnish (May 1971). Finland Kilpelaeinen, JE Imatran Voima Osakeyhtio,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A CANDU nuclear reactor was shut down for over one year because steam generator (SG) tubes had failed with outer diameter stress-corrosion cracking (ODSCC) in the U-bend section. Novel, single-pass eddy current transmit-receive probes, denoted as C3, were successful in detecting all significant cracks so that the cracked tubes could be plugged and the unit restarted. Significant numbers of tubes with SCC were removed from a SG in order to validate the results of the new probe. Results from metallurgical examinations were used to obtain probability-of-detection (POD) and sizing accuracy plots to quantify the performance of this new inspection technique. Though effective, the above approach of relying on tubes removed from a reactor is expensive, in terms of both economic and radiation-exposure costs. This led to a search for more affordable methods to validate inspection techniques and procedures. Methods are presented for calculating POD curves based on ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Several metallurgical coatings have been developed that provide good tribological performances in high-temperature liquid sodium and that are relatively unaffected by neutron fluences to 6 X 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ (E > 0.1 MeV). The coatings that have consistently provided the best tribological performance have been the nickel aluminide diffusion coatings created by the pack cementation process, chromium carbide or Tribaloy 700 trade mark (a nickel-base hardfacing alloy) applied by the detonation-gun process, and chromium carbide and other hardfacing alloy) applied by the detonation-gun process, and chromium carbide and other hardfacing materials applied by the electro-spark deposition process. The latter process is a relatively recent development for nuclear applications and is expected to find wide usage. Other coating processes, such as plasma-spray coating, sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition, were candidates for use on various components, but the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to investigate changes that occur in an advanced Ir-0.3W alloy during high temperature aging. This alloy is used to clad "2"3"8PuO_2 heat sources used in thermoelectric generators for deep space reconnaissance satellites. Long-term direct contact with PuO_2 at 1400"0C leads to physical and chemical changes within the cladding alloy that affect its metallurgical properties. SIMS was used to show that Cr, Fe, Ni, and in some cases O, diffuse from the PuO_2 into the alloy. Thorium and aluminum diffuse out of the alloy in these same regions. This SIMS study suggests that inward O diffusion and subsequent formation of ThO_2 on grain boundaries may stabilize the alloy against enhanced grain growth.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Superconducting Cu-rich composites containing the A-15 compounds V_3Si or V_3Ga were made by the ''Tsuei'' process (melting into ingots followed by cold working and heat treatment). Superconducting transition temperatures of the composites were measured. X-ray diffraction analyses were performed. Microstructures were studied using both the optical metallograph and the scanning electron microscope. For some composites containing V_3Ga, the critical current densities as functions of transverse magnetic field up to 60 kG, and as functions of temperature from 4.2 to 12"0K were measured. It was found that the Tsuei process does not work for the composites containing V_3Si, but works satisfactorily for V_3Ga; reasons are discussed. Relations between measured properties and various metallurgical factors such as alloy compositions, cross-section reduction ratios, and heat treatment are discussed. The mechanism for the observed superconductivity in the materials is also ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brittleness and poor low-temperature thermal conductivity of A-15 compounds remain the major obstacles preventing the effective use of these superconductors in large-scale engineering applications. In order to circumvent these difficulties, a new type of ductile superconducting filamentary alloy has been developed recently by a simple metallurgical process which consists of melting the constituent elements and subsequent cold working and appropriate heat treatment. These superconducting materials are essentially Cu-base alloys containing a few percent of A-15 phase such as Nb_3Sn or V_3Ga which is in the form of fine filaments embedded in the Cu matrix. The emphasis of this work is on the formation of the A-15 phase in the Cu-base alloys and its correlation with superconducting properties such as transition temperature and critical current density. The formation of Nb_3Sn, Nb_3Al, V_3Si, and V_3Ga will serve as examples to illustrate the importance of some features ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tantalum and tantalum-based thin films have gained precedence as the diffusion barrier for copper interconnects used in the latest generation of integrated circuits (ICs). The paper presents insight and observations on the covariance of texture and grain size of wrought tantalum sputtering targets and their influence on sputtering performance. Previous studies involving deposition trials of tantalum targets of varying metallurgical character had demonstrated that both grain size and textural homogeneity is critical for assuring reliable sputtering performance of tantalum. Subsequently, a model had been proposed to prescribe how localized texture bands and orientation clusters in tantalum are effectively resistant to sputter erosion. In this paper, results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM{sup TM}) analyses on the eroded surface of a tantalum sputtering target are presented. Initial findings support the model's ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results from a heavily fouled 19 tube C-E model boiler test to investigate the potential for egg crate corrosion in aggressively fouled AVT chemistry are reported. Substantial support plate and egg crate corrosion was produced in this test. Carbon steel drilled support plates exhibited extensive denting which resulted in flow hole ligament cracking. Corrosion of the carbon steel egg crate, through-wall at areas of tube contact, resulted in denting of the Alloy 600 heat transfer tubes. Corrosion performance of the 409 stainless steel egg crate was improved compared to the carbon steel egg crate although localized through-wall corrosion was noted. The results from the above test and previously reported tests were compared based on the following simplifying assumptions: maximum dent size and/or corrosion penetrations utilized, average bulk water chloride concentrations, pilling bedworth ratios, pot and model boilers data are equivalent, heat flux not significantly variable, and plot is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of this text is to train engineers and technologists not just to understand corrosion but to control it. Materials selection, coatings, chemical inhibitors, cathodic and anodic protection, and equipment design are covered in separate chapters. High-temperature oxidation is discussed in the final two chapters ne on oxidation theory and one on controlling oxidation by alloying and with coatings. This book treats corrosion and high-temperature oxidation separately. Corrosion is divided into three groups: (1) chemical dissolution including uniform attack, (2) electrochemical corrosion from either metallurgical or environmental cells, and (3) stress-assisted corrosion. Corrosion is logically grouped according to mechanisms rather than arbitrarily separated into different types of corrosion as if they were unrelated. For those university students and industry personnel who approach corrosion theory very hesitantly, this text will present the electrochemical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Particulate (i.e. tokamak dust) has been collected from the DIII-D tokamak located at General Atomics in San Diego, CA, USA. Two methods were used to collect particulate with the goal of preserving the particle size distribution and physical characteristics of the particulate. Vacuum collection on substrates and adhesion removal with metallurgical replicating tape were chosen as non-intrusive sampling methods. Sampling was completed in four toroidal locations of the machine; the 0-90 area, the 90-180 area, the 180-270 area, and the 270-360 area. The 0 direction designates the north side of the DIII-D machine. Four tiles in each area were sampled; the first vertical tile above the floor on the centerpost, a floor tile next to the center post, a tile on the isolated ring, and the first tile up from the isolated ring on the divertor. In addition, samples were collected from underneath the floor tiles at the 275 and the 75 locations. The count median diameter of the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Multiple treatment of engineering surfaces can provide improved surface properties that cannot be obtained by a single surface treatment. Consequently, this study investigates the effects of laser melting on the microstructures of plasma nitrided Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The study consists of two parts. In the first part, governing equations pertinent to the laser melting process are developed, and temperature variation across the melted zone is predicted. In the second, an experiment is conducted to nitride the surface of the alloy through plasma nitriding process and to melt the plasma nitrided and the untreated alloy surfaces with a CO2 laser beam. The resulting metallurgical changes are examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), bdenergy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. It is shown that three distinct nitride layers are formed in the vicinity of the alloy surface prior to the laser melting process, and that after the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

All power plant engineers face the problem of peak power demands. Pumped storage plants are used to generate peak load power by pumping up water utilizing off-peak energy of hydrothermal and thermonuclear plants. This is a reference to cover hydroelectric power generation with emphasis on engineering to meet peak power demands by means of pumped storage plants, tidal power plants, and low head power generation. Text covers hydrology, mechanical and electrical equipment, accessories such as penstocks and valves, and civil engineering considerations. Contains descriptions of several existing plants. Includes 200 diagrams and 50 photographs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, whose expression stimulates the formation of roots by transformed plant tissues and other growth alterations in transgenic plants, codes for a beta-glucosidase...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plants have too long been ignored as useful screening and monitoring systems of environmental mutagens. However, there are about a dozen reliable, some even unique, plant genetic systems that can increase...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of plant water deficit on ethylene production by intact plants was tested in three species, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper evaluates a new power tower concept that offers significant benefits for commercialization of power tower technology. The concept uses a molten nitrate salt centralreceiver plant to supply heat, in the form of combustion air preheat, to a conventional combined-cycle power plant. The evaluation focused on first commercial plants, examined three plant capacities (31, 100, and 300 MWe), and compared these plants with a solar-only 100-MWe plant and with gas-only combined-cycle plants in the same three capacities. Results of the analysis point to several benefits relative to the solar-only plant including low energy cost for first plants, low capital cost for first plants, reduced risk with respect to business uncertainties, and the potential for new markets. In addition, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Originally designed exclusively for peak load covering, pumped storage plants are now faced with new challenges brought about by the deregulation of the electricity market and the substantial growth of wind power capacity. Today's pumped storage plants are started more frequently and often for shorter periods of time. The grid controlling tasks have increased the importance of the role played by this type of power plant and improved sales considerably. But the operational demands have grown substantially as well. This paper discusses the ensuing adaptation of power plant operation as well as options available to power plant operators. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the chapter is to explain briefly the various considerations that enter into determining the general layout or arrangement of typical hydroelectric powerplants, pumping plants, and pumped-storage plants. Some of the important factors that affect or determine the location, type, and layout of the plant and the selection of the major items of equipment included in the installation are outlined in this chapter. The first consideration in the design of a powerplant, pumping plant, or pumped-storage plant is that it adequately perform its function and be structurally safe. The structure is also designed to give a pleasing architectural appearance.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE--The study was performed to examine the influence of the exposure to magnetic fields in the potrooms of an electrolysis plant on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the employees....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eighteen species of Thai rutaceous plants were investigated for their essential oil contents and compositions. Of these plants, four genera belong to the tribe Citreae. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were commonly found in the essential oils of these plants species while phenylpropanoids were present only as minor components. The distribution of these monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in each plant produce its characteristic smell. The plants of Clauseneae appeared to be rich sources of sesquiterpenes while these of Citreae were found to contain both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In terms of chemical composition, one hundred and forty-three components were detected from the 18 selected rutaceous plants. The distribution and diversity of these components among the selected plants have been discussed. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results of a study on Operation and Maintenance (O M) practices in hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The objective of this project, which was sponsored by EPRI, is to record the practical knowledge on the O M of a number of the domestic and foreign pumped storage plants which has been accumulated by their operating staff. Civil, geotechnical, mechanical and electrical aspects of O M of the thirty-five plants visited are discussed, and some general conclusions, as warranted by the commonality of the problems, are drawn. These conclusions may be useful to the planners and designers of future pumped storage projects. In general, due to their layout, diversity and different modes of operation, the plants have few common problems which, in most cases, are limited to the mechanical and electrical aspects of the plants' operation. The data on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plants cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... reactor intake canals intake structures nuclear power plants safety seismic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper focuses on the application and features of a unified multi-machine train condition monitoring and diagnostic system as applied to a 340 MW repowered combined cycle power plant. Modifications during repowering of the plant required the addition of gas turbines, and design changes to the boiler and steam turbine. Operational procedure during startup also had to be developed. In order to improve the economics of operation, enhancement of both plant operational efficiency and availability were required. Thus it was decided to implement an on-line plant-wide multi-machine Condition Monitoring System. In this paper, the details of the condition monitoring system and some of the design details of the power plant are presented. Requirements of a condition monitoring system applicable to a combined cycle plant are also covered. Salient system design features ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fully-fired combined cycle plants utilizing the high temperature gas turbine discharge as gas intake for a coal-fired steam generator were developed in the 1960's. Long-term experience and the excellent reliability statistics of the gas turbines of these plants have proven that the thermodynamic, economical and ecological advantages of combined cycle units over conventional units strongly suggest such plants for fossil-fuel applications. This paper describes the design and operation of these plants. Topics are Gersteinwerk Unit K combined-cycle power plant, plant design concept, design criteria and performance, gas turbines, steam generators, steam turbines, various modes of operation, typical plant start-up, environmental considerations, prototype plants and topping old steam turbine ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Published in summary form only.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Some general topical information (generating capacity and electric power generation, development and structure of electric power consumption, frequency and peak load, exchange of electricity) is followed by an account of the situation of coal-fired power plants, hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants, and a brief discussion of the environmental situation (emissions and wastes, immissions, and air pollution abatement measures for power plants). (orig./UA).

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technetium transfer from soil to edible parts of various agricultural plants is studied with application of the "9"5"mTc radioactive tracer. The samples of agricultural plants were grown on andesol typical for Japan soil. The technetium transfer factor to edible parts of cultivated lettuce was higher as compared to non foliate cultures. Relative low transfer factor were observed for fruit and pod like plants. the transfer factors for root crops were of intermediate value

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1973. 43 p. United States Anon. American Society of Mechanical

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The general requirements applicable to the quality assurance of the Finnish nuclear power plants are presented in the Council of State Decision (395/91) and in the guide YVL 1.4. This guide specifies the quality assurance requirements to be applied during the operation of the nuclear power plants as well as of the other nuclear facilities. Quality assurance applies to all the activities and organizations with a bearing on the safe operation of the nuclear power plants. (5 refs.).

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Wastenet

...Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus ...organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain [Skip navigation links] About us | Contact us | Publications |...ecological communities Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain Advice to the Minister for the ...of the 'Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain' community sufficient to distinguish it from ...

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of a Plant for Neon Isotopes Separation by Low-Temperature Rectification Method

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is a manuscript for a lecture contents: 1. Steam power and fundamentals of the steam power process, 2. conventional, nuclear and other steam generation processes, 3. cooling systems for steam power plants, 4. gas turbine power plants and combined-cycle power plants, 5. cogeneration, 6. development of thermal power plants and environmental effects. (orig.).

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Wastenet

for municipal waste iron ore sinter plants incinerators for clinical waste facilities of the non-ferrous metal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: October 2004

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adding capacity to coal-fired plants in small increments of an overall integrated program may be the solution to the 10-year lead time required for the construction of a new plant. A preliminary study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of a modular natural gas and coal-fired combined-cycle power plant which can be installed in three distinct phases. The plant sizes are suitable for large industrial and utility applications. The Modular Block Power Plant (MBPP) concept offers the advantages of phase construction, lower capital cost, lower cost electricity, lower air emissions, lower water requirements, and reduced solid waste discharge. Other advantages include part load availability, reduced coal inventory requirements, and easier plant siting. 11 figures, 4 tables.

Science.gov (United States)

The focus of the March-April issue is on plant maintenance and plant life extension. Major articles/reports in this issue include: Spent fuel: myths and facts, by Jeffrey S. Merrifield, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Critical pipe replacement procedure, by Geoff Gilmore, Climax Portable Machine Tools Inc.; Improving maintenance performance, by Larry Meyer and Joe Giuffre, DC Cook Nuclear Plant, American Electric Power; Equipment deficiency intolerance index, by Douglas F. Helms, Tennessee Valley Authority; Plant profile: I and C modernization at Dukovany, by Josef Rosol, CEZ Dukovany NPP, Czech Republic; and, Report: new plant activities.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The design, construction and operation of a pilot plant are often important stages in the development of a project for the production of uranium concentrates. Since building and operating a pilot plant is very costly and may not always be required, it is important that such a plant be built only after several prerequisites have been met. The main purpose of this guidebook is to discuss the objectives of a pilot plant and its proper role in the overall project. Given the wide range of conditions under which a pilot plant may be designed and operated, it is not possible to provide specific details. Instead, this book discusses the rationale for a pilot plant and provides guidelines with suggested solutions for a variety of problems that may be encountered. This guidebook is part of a series of Technical Reports on uranium ore processing being prepared by the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Research in concentrated thermal solar power plants of all types and, in particular, those based on central receiver, namely solar tower plants, has experienced great impetus in the last decade, reaching full commercial operation with the PS10 plant in Spain. In spite of previous demonstration plants testing different receivers and power cycle layouts, this first commercial power plant adopted a cavity receiver generating saturated steam and therefore penalising cycle efficiency in order to gain plant reliability. According to the experience gained, if a competitive Levelised Cost of Electricity is to be reached, capital and maintenance costs must be reduced and efficiencies must be increased. To achieve these goals, modifying the power cycle is deemed essential, whether using superheated ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Binary geothermal plants were investigated for providing electrical power for MX missile bases. A number of pure hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures were evaluated as working fluids for geothermal resource temperatures of 365, 400, and 450/sup 0/F. Cycle thermodynamic analyses were conducted for pure geothermal plants and for two types of coal-geothermal hybrid plants. Cycle performance results were presented as net geofluid effectiveness (net plant output in watts per geofluid flow in 1 bm/hr) and cooling water makeup effectiveness (net plant output in watts per makeup water flow in 1 bm/hr). A working fluid containing 90% (mass) isobutane/10% hexane was selected, and plant statepoints and energy balances were determined for 20MW(e) geothermal plants at each of the three resource temperatures. Working fluid heaters and condensers were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A case study of a small-scale hydroelectric plant to identify implementation problems is presented. The Montello hydroelectric plant is described including the background and history of the plant, the physical characteristics, the financial history and costs, operation, regulatory agencies, and the problems encountered in its operation. The analyses of the energy and capacity (demand) credits for the Montello hydroelectric plant when it is added to the Wisconsin Power and Light Company generating system is described. The WP and L base case and the results of the analyses are discussed. (WHK)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The elemental analysis of some plant samples have been carried out in Trabzon region (Turkey) using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. We have analyzed plant samples for nine stations using 1.85 GBq 55Fe radioactive sources. We have found that potassium and calcium within 0.3-1.4% and 0.3-2.8% were present in concentration in plants for every station, respectively. The concentration of Cl and Ti generally changed according to the plant species and the sampling station.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Despite the fact that there is still a potential to improve the efficiency of classic brown coal power plants by various measures from 36% to approx. 40-41%, the essential big increase of the efficiency to values of approx. 46% can only be achieved by the transition to combined gas and steam turbine processes. This means for the solid fuel brown coal that a gasification is integrated into the power plant process. The combined cycle power plant with an integrated brown coal gasification represents this new power plant concept. The applied High Temperature Winkler method (HTW-method) is an advancement of the Winkler method that works at environmental pressure and was developed by the Rheinbraun AG. (orig./DG).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An experimental investigation of the effect of nickel content on irradiation hardening of reactor pressure vessel steels was conducted. The alloys studied, with nickel contents ranging from 0 to 1.7%, included five sets of steels representing variations in copper contents and other metallurgical variables. Various subsets of the alloys were irradiated at selected combinations of flux, fluence, and irradiation temperature. Irradiation hardening was measured by either changes in the uniaxial yield stress or diamond pyramid hardness. Higher hardening rates with increasing nickel were observed in controlled experiments on commercial-type steels containing high copper concentrations (0.4% Cu). The effect of nickel increased with increasing fluence and decreasing temperature. At high fluence (>10"1"9 n/cm"2) the hardening increased with nickel at an average rate of about 100 MPa/%Ni. There also appeared to be an influence of heat treatment on the nickel sensitivity of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is a summary of the Steam Generator Group Project progress for 1985. Statistical analyses are presented of data from nondestructive examination (NDE) round robin tests that were performed on the Surry generator in 1984. In the first round robin, teams acquired and analyzed their own data on a selected 10% subset of tubes. In the second round robin, analysts from each participating team analyzed identical sets of data which were provided to them by the Project. Results from several examinations utilizing advanced/alternate NDE technologies including alternate eddy current probes and techniques, ultrasonics, and profilometry are also reported. Criteria are listed for selecting tube specimens that will be removed from the generator. A sampling plan based on these criteria is detailed graphically in the report. The initial steps that have been taken to carry out the plan are described; tooling fabricated for the sample removals is discussed. Successful removal of three 9-tube ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The generation of industrial solid wastes containing leachable species of environmental concern is a problem for developing and developed nations alike. These materials arise from direct processing of mineral ores, from production of metals and minerals, from manufacturing operations, and from air and water pollution treatment processes. The general characteristics that make these wastes intractable is that their content of hazardous species is not easily liberated from the waste yet is not bound so tightly that they are safe for landfill disposal or industrial use. The approach taken in this work is a thermal treatment that separates the inorganic contaminants from the wastes. The objective is to provide recovery and reuse of both the residual solids and liberated contaminants. The results from operating this technique using two very different types of waste are described. The reasons that the process will work for a wide variety of wastes are explored. By using the knowledge of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present guidelines supplement the 'VGB guidelines for the reduction of noise in thermal power plants' with indications for the ordering and quality assurance of the individual noise-producing machines and equipment of power plant operation. These guides are to simplify the commissioning and delivering for the orderer and deliverer. In addition, these guidelines are to lead to a successful cooperation of all parties in the reduction of the sound radiation. A precondition for this is an explanation of the sound technical demands which must be made on the single machines or mechanical equipment in power plant systems. A protection of the neighbourhood as well as operational personnel against noise according to the state of technology is to be achieved by a clear form of ordering and quality assurance. The ordering and assurance procedure for all aggregates in the region of the grounds of a power plant ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Maintenance Implementation Plan (MIP) has been developed for maintenance functions associated with the B Plant/WESF (Waste Encapsulation Storage Facility) complex. The objective of this plan is to provide baseline information for establishing and identifying WHC conformance programs and policies applicable to implementation of DOE order 4330.4B guidelines. In addition, this maintenance plan identifies the actions necessary to develop a cost-effective and efficient maintenance program at B Plant/WESF. The B Plant WESF facility complex consists of three main facilities and several support structures located in the 200 East Area of the Hanford site. B Plant is a transition facility that is required to ensure safe storage and management of WESF (operating facility) cesium and strontium capsules. B Plant/WESF also contains substantial radiological inventory from previous campaigns. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The competitiveness of a new nuclear plant vs. a new oil or gas fired combined cycle plant or a coal fired plant in East-Asia, is reviewed in the paper. Both the nuclear and the fossil fired plants are evaluated as either utility financed or independent power producer (IPP) financed. Two types of advanced light water reactors (ALWRs) are considered in this paper, namely evolutionary ALWRs (1200 MWe size) and passive ALWRs (600 MWe class). A range of capital and total generation costs for each plant type is reported here. The comparison centers on three elements of overall competitiveness: generation costs, hard currency requirements, and employment requirements. Each of these aspects is considered perspective. Year-by-Year generation cost history over the plant lifetime is shown in some cases. It is found here that a utility financed evolutionary and passive ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The world's fleet of nuclear power plants is, on average, more than 20 years old. Even though the design life of a nuclear power plant is typically 30-40 years, it is quite feasible that many plants will be able to operate in excess of their design lives, provided that nuclear power plant engineers demonstrate by analysis, trending, equipment and system upgrades, increased vigilance, testing and ageing management that the plant will operate safely. In the operation of nuclear power plants, safety should be always the prime consideration. Plant operators and regulators must always ensure that plant safety is maintained, and where possible enhanced, during a plant's operating lifetime. Nuclear power plant life management (PLiM) has gained increased attention over the past decade, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This engineering report compiles information on types and quantities of liquid waste discharged from B-Plant directly to cribs, ditches, reverse wells, etc., that are associated with B-Plant. Waste discharges to these cribs via overflow form 241-B, 241-BX, and 241-BY tank farms, and waste discharged to these cribs from sources other than B-Plant are discussed.Discharges from B-Plant to other cribs, unplanned releases, or waste remaining in tanks are not included in the report. Waste stream composition information is used to predict quantities of individual chemicals sent to cribs. This provides an accurate mass balance of waste streams from B-Plant to these cribs. These predictions are compared with known crib inventories as a verification of the process.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary 1. Plants express multiple defensive traits, but little is known about the genetic stability and phenotypic plasticity of these traits in nature. To investigate sources of variation and their potential ecological consequences for herbivores, we combined field observations of cyanogenic lima bean with laboratory experiments. 2. Field studies in South Mexico revealed a distinct variability of cyanogenic traits within and among wild lima bean populations. To differentiate among genetic variation and the impact of ambient conditions on plant phenotypes, we used seed grown plants as well as clones propagated from high (HC) and low cyanogenic (LC) wild type plants. 3. In growth chamber experiments, we cultivated plants under three intensities each of drought and salt stress, nutrient sup...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to determine the viability of any Liquids from Coal (LFC) commercial venture, TEK-KOL and its partner, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), have put together a technical and economic feasibility study for a commercial-size LFC Plant located at Zeigler Coal Holding Company`s North Rochelle Mine site. This resulting document, the ENCOAL Mild Coal Gasification Plant: Commercial Plant Feasibility Study, includes basic plant design, capital estimates, market assessment for coproducts, operating cost assessments, and overall financial evaluation for a generic Powder River Basin based plant. This document and format closely resembles a typical Phase II study as assembled by the TEK-KOL Partnership to evaluate potential sites for LFC commercial facilities around the world.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper develops optimal bidding strategies for a pumped-storage plant in a pool-based electricity market. In the competitive regime, when compared to simple hydroelectric generator, profit of the pumped-storage plant is maximized by operating it as a generator when market clearing price is high and as a pump when the price is low. Based on forecasted hourly market clearing price, a multistage looping algorithm to maximize the profit of a pumped-storage plant is developed, considering both the spinning and non-spinning reserve bids and meeting the technical operating constraints of the plant. The proposed model is adaptive for the nonlinear three-dimensional relationship between the power produced, the energy stored, and the head of the associated reservoir. Different operating cycles for a realistic pumped-storage plant are considered and simulation results are reported and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Steam generation is an integral part of most chemical process plants; however, the steam plant often is or can be overlooked in the area of hazard analysis. The reasons for this oversight are obvious: steam generation is considered to be an old and well-understood process, and steam boiler systems are often not considered to pose the same hazards as other plant units. However, modern steam boiler systems are fueled with natural gas, pulverized coal, and/or fuel oil; each of which poses significant fire and explosion hazards. For example, a moderately sized chemical plant's boiler house may have two or three boilers operating at 240 MMBTU/hr, with each using approximately 11 ton/hr of subbituminous pulverized coal feed. Chemical plants rely on equipment design and installation, mai...

Science.gov (United States)

The Wolsung-1 CANDU 600 MWe plant is now in operation. This paper provides an update on the design, construction and commissioning progress reported at last year's conference. The accomplishments of the past year are highlighted with emphasis on how the s...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

For terrestrial animals and plants, a fundamental cost of living is water vapor lost to the atmosphere during exchange of metabolic gases. Here, by bringing together previously developed models for...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several years of research on seven different plants (five terrestrial and two aquatic species) suggest that the beneficial effects of atmospheric CO₂ enrichment may be divided into three...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Japan has upwards of 40 pumped storage plants in operation and new river sites are becoming scarce, but peak demand is still rising. A plant under construction in Okinawa offers a solution: make use of the head between the coastal cliffs and sea level, using seawater as the medium. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Requirements for the installation, inspection, and testing that assure the quality of important components of a nuclear power plant during construction are presented.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Digestion of plant chromatin from Brassica pekinensis and Matthiola incana with staphylococcus nuclease leads to a DNA repeat of 175 plus or minus 8 and a core size of 140 base pairs. DNase I digestion...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, the compulsory site requirements and the site design assumptions which are being used for the present ITER plant are briefly described. A set of different parameters from the site design assumptions is also described, which was adopted as an additional exercise for cost sensitivity analysis of the ITER plant for these parameters. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, sensitivity analysis of 100 MWth chemical looping combustion combined cycle (CLC-CC) plant based on fuel cost were performed. By performance analysis, net efficiency of natural gas/syngas fueled CLC-CC plant was 53-54%, corresponding to previous research. We used Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index and Guthrie method to evaluate plant cost. For syngas fueled CLC-CC plant, the plant cost was higher since lower heating value (LHV) of syngas was lower than that of natural gas and cost of electricity (COE) was also higher since the cost of syngas was higher than that of natural gas. By sensitivity analysis, it was shown that the cost of syngas should be less than 5.3 $/GJ in order to make COE lower than 5.8 c/kWh which was COE of natural gas CLC-CC plant. 15 refs., 2 figs., 5 tabs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Rhizosphere acidification by Fe-deficient bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants was induced by trace amounts of divalent metal ions (Zn, Mn). The induction of this Fe-efficiency reaction...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This guide describes an acceptable method of complying with the Commission's regulations with regard to the quality assurance requirements for the packaging, shipping, receiving, storage, and handling of items for water-cooled nuclear power plants.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A new method is described for continuously measuring cell turgor pressure (P), hydraulic conductivity (L_p), and volumetric elastic modulus (ε) in higher plant cells, using a pressure...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article puts the case for coal fired combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants. The need to gasify the coal for the CCGT, use of fluidised bed combustors or gasification systems, the difference in prices of coal and natural gas, and coal and natural gas reserves are discussed. (UK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article describes control and monitoring concepts in which the delegation of responsibility is becoming more decisive than ever (automation hierarchy), and which are capable of optimized, automatic control of process events in pumped storage plants. 8 refs.

Wastenet

Pumped storage plants 20 are a relatively common type.They use a dam to create an upper reservoir ...Some pumped storage plants use the same water turbine and electric generator for both operating periods.That is,

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Auxin modulates diverse plant developmental pathways through direct transcriptional regulation and cooperative signaling with other plant hormones. Genetic and biochemical approaches have clarified...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Chrysomelid leaf beetles use chemical defenses to overcome predatory attack and microbial infestation. Larvae of Chrysomela lapponica that feed on willow sequester plant-derived salicin...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This standard provides the general requirements used in the design, construction, testing, and commissioning of concrete containment structures for CANDU nuclear power plants designated as class containment and is directed to the owners, designers, manufacturers, fabricators, and constructors of the concrete components and parts.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The various steps of gas treatment in the Sasol II coal liquefaction plant are discussed: CO/sub 2/ removal, separation of the hydrocarbon fractions and the recirculated hydrogen by low-temperature decomposition, production of pure hydrogen by alternating pressure absorption.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Traditional plant use in Nepal has been documented for millennia. The importance of plants as medicine has not diminished in any way in recent times, and traditional medicines are still the most important...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We investigated the effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge on the ecology of bacterial communities in the sediment of a small, low-gradient stream in South Australia. The quantification...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We discuss the relationship between the dynamically changing tension gradients required to move water rapidly through the xylem conduits of plants and the proportion of conduits lost through embolism...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) is a facility that produces fuel bundles of CANDU-6 type for the CANDU nuclear power plant. Only natural and depleted uranium in bulk and itemized form are present as nuclear materials in this facility. Uranium and wastes from the plant are handled, processed, treated and stored throughout the entire facility. The nuclear materials with natural and depleted uranium are entirely under nuclear safeguards. The amount of uranium present in the plant in different forms and activities together with zircaloy, beryllium and other hazardous substances, wastes, explosive materials at high temperatures, etc. lead to special measures undertaken by Nuclear Safety Department (DNS) to ensure nuclear safety. Different aspects of safety are continuously monitored in the plant: operational safety, industrial safety, radiological safety, labour safety, informational safety. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The biological and radiobiological peculiarities of seeds and seedlings of the Rumex confertus and Lupinus polycolor plants, which grown during several generations in plots with different level of radionuclide pollution of the Chernobyl exclusive zone have been investigated.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Pesticide chemicals are an important component of modern agriculture. Through their use, plants and animals are exposed to pesticides directly and indirectly from transport through soil, water, and...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A balanced application of chemiosmosis to plant mitochondria is presented. Electron transport carriers are sequenced to achieve proton translocation across the inner membrane. The processes of proton translocation, use, and release are integrated to yield a description of the effective proton gradient available for metabolite transport and ATP synthesis. 27 references, 6 figures.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II) is thought to be involved in light-regulated gene expression in plants because...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and AimsPlants from the family Lemnaceae are widely used in ecological engineering projects to purify wastewater and eutrophic water bodies. However, the biology of nutrient...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cells of the terrestrial plant species bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) are not naturally adapted to withstand the hydrostatic pressures encountered in aquatic environments. However,...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gas-fired combined cycle plant may be the norm when it comes to new plant but it comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. Samarinda uses aero-derivatives with the famous Rolls-Royce RB211 gas generator. (author)

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of Method and Technical Project of the Plant for Thermo-Vacuum Desorption of Tritium Oxide (HTO) from the Environmental Samples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Discusses the resolution of the 2. Congress of the Polish Nuclear Society on the energy situation in Poland and recommendations for energy policy. Recommendations for use of nuclear power plants in Poland are made considering environmental pollution from coal combustion (air pollution by sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide as well as water pollution by salt from mine water discharged to rivers), development of the Polish economy, forecast increase in energy consumption and the role of nuclear energy in other European countries. Research on nuclear power plants, safety and environmental aspects as well as comparative efficiency of coal-fired power plants and nuclear power plants is evaluated.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Project management mode plays a key role in project construction, especially in nuclear power field. From the aspects of right, responsibility and benefit, this paper discussed the differences among the common used project management modes. Also the main kinds of the construction management modes used in China's nuclear power plants were summarized. At last, considering the experience of Ningde nuclear power plant, this paper put forward several perspectives about the selection of project management mode in nuclear power plant construction. (authors)

KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The potential public safety impacts from accidents in conceptual fusion power plants were investigated. Fusion was found to have some potential for accidents, as does any energy generating system. Functions of fusion power plants were identified that possess sufficient potential for an accidental release of toxic materials to the environment. An assessment was made of the impact of the potential accidents and recommendations are included for R and D that will allow incorporation of safety concerns in fusion power plant design. This work was based on a review of information available in conceptual design documents of fusion reactor systems.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oct 1973. 1 p. United States USAEC Directorate of Regulatory Standards,

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(May 1974). United States Klystra, CD Univ. of Florida, Gainesville v.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adjusting generation to demand (load following) is compared with practical experience. The importance of pumped storage plants is emphasized.

Science.gov (United States)

(B204)Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) insights are now used by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) to confirm the level of safety for plant operations and to justify changes in nuclear power plant operating requirements, both on an exception basis and as changeds to a plant's licensing basis. This report examines qualitative and quantitative risk assessments during shutdown plant states, providing feedback to utilities in the use of qualitative models for outage risk management, and also providing input to the development of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) Low Power and Shutdown PRA Standard.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

26 Oct 1973. 140 p. United States USAEC, Washington, DC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... 2432 v. 43(1) SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Research on Diffusion Zinc Cladding of Structural Steels, as Well as Their Mechanical and Corrosion Properties to Replace Their Cyanic Cadmium Plating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Slovak 1985. p. 110-111. Czechoslovakia Moravek, J. Pietrik, I. Janecka,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corrosion is increasingly becoming an important factor reducing the reliability of many nuclear power plant components. The significance is evaluated of corrosion phenomena with respect to the reliability of primary circuit components of LWR's, viz., the reactor pressure vessel, primary piping, steam generator, and fuel elements. The mechanism of corrosion phenomena is explained and methods of minimizing their effects are presented. An analysis is made of the needs to solve the corrosion problems of nuclear power plants from the point of view of Czechoslovak producers and research and development activities. International cooperation is reviewed and main problems are formulated on which the solution of corrosion problems of structural materials used in WWER type nuclear power plants should be focussed. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report briefly describes the background to colliery engineering maintenance, past experience in machine condition monitoring within coal preparation and the introduction of condition-based maintenance. A role model scheme has been developed for the introduction of condition-based maintenance into coal preparation plants. The report describes the instrumentation and monitoring methods suitable for application to most mineral processing plants, the use of specialist companies to monitor, gather, process and analyse the information and the actions taken by the colliery. Examples of the benefits of operating such a scheme are given in terms of safety, performance and finance. Other problematical aspects of coal processing are examined which have a direct effect on plant condition and availability.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lining of fused cast basalt tiles is recommended for various pieces of equipment constituting a coal preparation plant.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Wolsung-1 CANDU 600 MWe plant is now in operation. This paper provides an update on the design, construction and commissioning progress reported at last year's conference. The accomplishments of the past year are highlighted with emphasis on how the station has been commissioned in preparation for commercial service and on the skills that were dedicated to the completion of the project. The paper also deals with some of the features of the CANDU 600 MWe Nuclear Power Plant that make it viable for export.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article describes the Monsanto's Indian Orchard plant gas-fired, combined-cycle cogeneration facility in Springfield, Massachusetts. The topics of the article include project configuration, the thermodynamic cycle, fuel selection, electrical distribution system, plant control, and air pollution control of NO[sub X], SO[sub 2], CO, particulates, non-methane hydrocarbons, opacity and ammonia.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Design process of steam generator and condenser at Russian nuclear power plant type WWER-1000 is identified. The four chapter of the books are organized as nuclear power plant, types of steam generators specially horizontal steam generator, process of steam generator design and the description of condenser and its process design.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The individual contributions in these proceedings are indexed separately. Main topics covered include the measurement of biological nitrogen fixation, studies of soil organic matter, investigations of nutrient uptake and use by plants, studies of plant metabolism and new methodologies in the analysis of stable isotopes. Refs, figs and tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This extended article describes Sasol, the synthetic fuel producing plant in South Africa. It produces other fuels in addition to synfuel, from local coal. A very thorough review covering all aspects of the plant is given. These include: economic; chemical and environmental. The chemistry of the processes involved, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the Lurgi process are described in some detail. Consideration is also given to the establishment of new plants, research and development projects, marketing and available coal resources.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1) Young chrysanthemums were planted after being irradiated at the time of shoot tip culture and the influence of irradiation was evaluated from the point of view of establishment of mutants. (2) Two cultivars, Kin-tenryu and Tenryu-no-asa were used in this experiment. The percentage of cultivars healthy enough to transplant on June 10, 1972 showed a decrease in proportion to the increase of dosage. Some plants of cultivar Kin-tenryu died after being transplanted. (3) Few plants of either cultivar could overwinter, and in particular no plant irradiated by gamma-rays of 20 kR. (4) Plant height showed a tendency of inhibition in both cultivars. (5) Three chlorophyll mutants showing chimera appeared. One of them was in the cultivar Tenryu-no-asa irradiated by 10 kR at 3 days after planting; two of them were in the cultivar Tenryu-no-asa irradiated by 10 kR at 5 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This support document summarized the results of botanical surveys conducted as part of a phytoremediation research project that catalogued plants found growing at a petroleum impacted site in Alberta. Phytoremediation refers to the growing of chosen plant species in a polluted site for a period of time in order for the plant to remove contaminants through its natural attributes of absorption, translocation, storage and excretion. Several different plant species with phytoremediation properties are being considered for wide scale bioremediation use. This document described the PhytoPet database which was originally developed as an inventory of plants with phytoremediation capabilities. It was designed to provide easy access to information and help users choose plants with the potential to phytoremediate petroleum hydrocarbons. The information in this document is ...