UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundMimivirus, a giant dsDNA virus infecting Acanthamoeba, is the prototype of the mimiviridae family, the latest addition to the family of the nucleocytoplasmic...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This is a study done in collaboration with Deidre Hunter at Lowell Observatory studying star formation in two luminous spiral galaxies NGC 801 and UGC 2885. We used ultra-deep H? images taken at the KPNO 2.1 m telescope. We compare these data to stellar images at various wavelengths and to HI maps to determine the extent of star formation activity into the outer disk in these galaxies and its relationship to the gas and older stars. TW is grateful for an REU internship during the summer of 2010 at Northern Arizona University, funded by NSF through grant AST-1004107.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigated the electrical characteristics and the junction depth of ultra-shallow junctions formed by using the plasma-doping method. Compared with ultra-low energy boron-ion implantation at 500 eV, the junctions formed with the plasma-doping process exhibited shallow junction depths and low sheet resistances. The junction depths of the plasma-doped samples were 150 A and 330 A after annealing for 10 s at 900 .deg. C and 950 .deg. C, respectively. For the same junction depth, the sheet resistance of the B_2H_6 plasma-doped sample was an order of magnitude less than that of the 500-eV B-ion implanted sample. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy showed that the defects formed by the B_2H_6 plasma-doping process could be removed by annealing at 950 .deg. C for 10 s. The scaling of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET) device channel lengths for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the increasingly stricter regulations for deep reduction of fuel sulfur content, development of new deep desulfurization processes for liquid transport fuels has become one of the major challenges to the refining industry and to the production of hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cell applications. The sulfur compounds in the current transport fuels corresponding to the S level of 350-500 ppm account for only about 0.12-0.25 wt % of the fuel. The conventional hydrotreating approaches will need to increase catalyst bed volume at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions for treating 100 % of the whole fuel in order to convert the fuel mass of less than 0.25 wt %. In the present study, we are exploring a novel adsorption process for desulfurization at low temperatures, which can effectively reduce the sulfur content in gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel at low investment and operating cost to meet the needs for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ultra-shallow junction formation in deep submicron Si devices is limited by anomalous diffusion of the dopant, which is related to the release of interstitials from defect clusters formed during the implantation of energetic ions or the subsequent annealing. The work described in this dissertation is concerned with the effects of low energy B ion implantation, especially damage formation, clustering and its annealing. After a review of the stopping and ranges of energetic ions in Si, the formation of implant damage, in particular of point defects, their migration, agglomeration and annihilation, including the involvement of dopant ions, is considered. A description of the Salford ultra low energy implanter is given and the main analysis technique, medium ion energy scattering (MEIS) reviewed. Additional analytical techniques used, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), 4-point probe and cross section transmission ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD151811. Title : Ultra High Strength Beta Titanium Alloy for Fasteners. Descriptive Note : Journal article,. ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD813911. Title : Examining Deep-Hole Waterjet Boring. Descriptive Note : Journal article,. Corporate Author : ...

Science.gov (United States)

Clicking on the picture will download the highest resolution version available. Whirlpool Galaxy Deep Field Credit & Copyright: Jon Christensen Explanation: Follow the handle...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The NREL Sensitized Solar Cell (SSC) Core Program supports the Solar America Initiative by: (1) targeting new devices and processes for commercialization by 2015 that are less expensive, more efficient, highly reliable, and environmentally benign; (2) collaborating with DOE OS/BES to conduct basic research targeting breakthroughs in key areas, such as ultra-high efficiency and/or ultra-low cost materials and devices.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Subseabed Disposal Program has recently completed a 30-day, 0.286-scale laboratory simulation of an In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment (ISHTE), scheduled for eventual deployment in the deep ocean 600 nautical miles north of Hawaii. 10 figures.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PURPOSE The Wells rule is widely used for clinical assessment of patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT), especially in the secondary care setting. Recently a new clinical decision...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Problems investigated in various basic hollowness ratios include ultimate compressive strength, fatigue properties, buckling characteristics, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Magnesium alloys and composites are potentially highly attractive materials for lightweight design in the automotive industry - if common forming technologies, i.e., deep drawing and cold extrusion, are applicable to them; so far, this is seldom the case. The authors have tested some candidate Mg alloys and discuss the results of their measurements in detail. The Figure shows a typical workpiece part obtained by a deep-drawing technique. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A wet air oxidation (WAO) process was applied to four selected pharmaceuticals (metoprolol, naproxen, amoxicillin, and phenacetin) individually dissolved in ultra-pure water, varying the temperature and oxygen pressure. Due to the moderate (amoxicillin) or low (metoprolol, naproxen, and phenacetin) efficiency found in the oxidation of these pollutants, a catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) process was then tested using a platinum catalyst supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this CWAO process, the pharmaceuticals were dissolved together in ultra-pure water and in four natural water matrices-a reservoir water, a groundwater, and two waters from different municipal wastewater treatment plants. On the basis of the measurements of their removals, a discussion is given of the inf...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The determination of the oxidation state of ultra-trace elements in the environment, especially in the case of actinides, is of importance in many ways. Speciation techniques using radiation may comprise methods based on the detection of the nuclear and atomic radiations emitted in radioactive decay or methods using external sources of excitation. In the former instance, information can be obtained from the energy and intensity of radiation, but at present the partition method is still the most commonly used, although its reliability is questionable. Excitation with intense laser beams, as is currently being used for trace element analysis in photoacoustic and thermal lensing spectroscopic techniques, could conceivably be applied under suitable conditions to ultra-trace elements with a sensitivity approaching that of the radiochemical methods.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An Ultra-Low-Carbon 19% Cr-11% Ni Stainless Steels used in nuclear fuel reprocessing plants where highly corrosion resistance in nitric acid is required has been developed. This steel has optimized the chemistry composition to decrease inclusions and deformation-induced martensitic transformation. The formation of deformation-induced martensite has the potential danger of accelerating corrosion in nitric acid. In this paper, effects of cold reduction and martensitic transformation on corrosion resistance of Ultra-Low-Carbon Stainless Steels in nitric acid are discussed. The developed steel showed excellent corrosion resistance during long-term exposure to nitric acid. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Understanding human brain function, brain development and brain dysfunction is one of the great challenges of the twenty first century. Biomedical imaging has now run up against a number of technical constraints that are exposing limits to its potential. In order to overcome the current limits to high-field magnetic resonance cerebral imaging (MRI) and unleash its fullest potential, the Cea has built NeuroSpin, an ultra-high-field neuroimaging facility at its Saclay centre (in the Essonne). NeuroSpin already boasts three fully operational MRI systems. The first is a 3-tesla high-field system and the second is a very-high-field 7-tesla system, both of which are dedicated to clinical studies and investigations in humans, while the third is an ultra-high-field 17.65-tesla system designed for studies on small animals. In 2011, NeuroSpin will be commissioning an 11.7-tesla ultra-high-field system of unprecedented power that is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A railgun has an armature driven between two rail-like conductors. In other words, it is a linear drive device system that drives airframes by using the Lorentz`s force. The system is expected as a next-generation high-speed transport means, or as a means to create such ultimate fields as ultra-high pressures, ultra-high temperatures, and ultra-ferromagnetic fields. This paper is a report on investigations on the relevant technological trends as surveyed by the investigation committee at the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan using research reports published inside and outside the country. The reported themes cover explanations from the construction to the pulse power supply that forms the core of the technology, problems in switching, recent status of research and development, and to application fields. Compatibility in the high-level electrical and mechanical performances demanded in the railgun is not as easy as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) participated in a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission research program to investigate methods to measure the effect of management and organization on nuclear plant safety. The UCLA research team focused its efforts on understanding {open_quotes}deep technical knowledge,{close_quotes} and its relation to probabilistic risk assessment. As a result, the research team combined deep technical knowledge with a commonly used rating system for understanding the effectiveness of management and organizations.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a technique of forced surgical rotation of the mandible used in skeletal Class II patients with deep bite and prominent chin. Posterior occlusal composite onlays combined with preoperative orthodontic treatment without anterior intrusion increase the posterior rotational component of the surgical mandibular advancement, when removed during operation. This manoeuvre allows for the surgical closure of the posterior open bite, while anteriorly the deep bite is opened. This technique avoids bimaxillary rotation surgery with dorsal impaction in mild to moderate cases. In any case, a chin setback osteotomy with compromised aesthetics can be avoided.

Science.gov (United States)

Feb 25, 2008 ... In the two Landsat scenes shown above, the pattern of deforestation can be clearly discerned. Deep green in these images shows lush ...

Science.gov (United States)

C. Learning Curve. The learning curve concept has long been recognized and ...... F4. TERMIA. S - STATION EQUIPMENT. V - VLBI VALIDATION EQUIPMENT ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A growing body of evidence in cognitive science and neuroscience points towards the existence of a deep interconnection between cognition, perception and action. According to this embodied perspective...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Objective Comorbidities predisposing cardiac surgical patients toward deep sternal wound infection, such as diabetes and obesity, are rising in the United States. Longitudinal analysis of risk factors, morbidity, and mortality was performed to assessed effects of these health trends on deep sternal wound infection rates. Methods In this retrospective analysis of all median sternotomies performed at a single institution from 1991 through 2006, demographic and surgical characteristics were identified from a prospective database. The cohort was separated into periods from 1992 through 2001 and 2002 through 2006 to identify longitudinal trends in risk factors for deep sternal wound infection. Univariate and matched multivariable analyses were performed. Results Overall, study population had in...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We describe the stabilization by pressure of enzymes, including a hydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii, an extremely thermophilic deep-sea methanogen. This is the first published...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Necrotizing sialometaplasia, is a benign inflammatory lesion primarily involving the minor salivary glands of the hard palate. The lesion often presents itself as a deep-seated palatal ulcer with clinical...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Detailed geothermal studies of deep drill holes provide insights to heat transfer processes in the crust, and allow separation of different factors involved, such as palaeoclimatic and structural conductive effects as well as advective fluid flow effects. We present high resolution geothermal results of the 2516m deep Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole in eastern Finland drilled in 2004-2005 into a Palaeoproterozoic formation with metasedimentary rocks, ophiolite-derived altered ultramafic rocks and pegmatitic granite. The down-hole temperatures have been logged five times after end of drilling and extend to day 948 after drilling. The hole is completely cored (79% core coverage) and thermal conductivity measurements were done at 1m intervals. The geothermal results on temperature gradient, thermal...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1976). USSR Lupin, VM Ramazanov, PE Tomskij Gosudarstvennyj Univ.

Science.gov (United States)

Jan 25, 2006 ... Source positions are determined using matched-filter and centroiding .... The upper 1-sigma statistical error in the full-band counts. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria were isolated from surface soils and coastal plain subsurface (including deep aquifer) sediments (depths to 265 m) at a study site near Aiken, S.C., by plating on...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The spatial connection between the zones of deep-lying faults and the narrowly-localized paleo-relief sections posessing an anomolous sedimentation condition in the latter Cretaceous is identified. It is established that this is of significance in choosing the primary regions for conducting oil exploration.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radiation therapy has shown definite technical improvement due to application of proton beam irradiation. Clinical results of proton beam therapy also suggested enlargement of indication ranges in radial treatment and decrease of post radiation damages of the treatment of cancers in deep-seated organs. Inprovement of result in cancer therapy could be expected by this treatment technique in the future.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently there has been growth, in interest in non-equilibrium interaction of half-period long optical pulses with matter. To date the optical pulses have been produced by chopping out a half-period long segment from a longer pulse using a semiconductor switch driven by a femtosecond laser. In this paper we present new methods for producing tunable ultra-short optical pulses as short as half an optical period using a free-electron laser driven by electron bunches with a duration a fraction of an optical period. Two different methods relying on the production of coherent spontaneous emission will be described. In the first method we show that when a train of ultra-short optical pulses as short as one half period. We present calculations which show that the small signal gain is unimportant in the early stages of radiation build up in the cavity when the startup process is dominated by coherent spontaneous emission. To support our proposed method ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is a growing interest in using {sup 242m}Am as a nuclear fuel. The advantages of {sup 242m}Am as a nuclear fuel derive from the fact that {sup 242m}Am has the highest thermal fission cross section. The thermal capture cross section is relatively low and the number of neutrons per thermal fission is high. These nuclear properties make it possible to obtain nuclear criticality with ultra-thin fuel elements. The possibility of having ultra-thin fuel elements enables the use of these fission products directly, without the necessity of converting their energy to heat, as is done in conventional reactors. There are three options of using such highly energetic and highly ionized fission products. - Using the fission products themselves for ionic propulsion. - Using the fission products in an MHD generator, in order to obtain electricity directly. - Using the fission products to heat a gas up to a high temperature for propulsion purposes. In this ...

CERN Document Server

Ultra-high resolution radiographs can be obtained using synchrotron X-rays. A collaboration team consisting of K-JIST, POSTECH and YUMC has recently commissioned a new beamline (5C1) at Pohang Light Source (PLS) in Korea for medical applications using phase contrast radiology. Relatively simple image acquisition systems were set up on 5C1 beamline, and imaging studies were performed for resolution test patterns, mammographic phantom, and animals. Resolution test patterns and mammographic phantom images showed much better image resolution and quality with the 5C1 imaging system than the mammography system. Both fish and mouse images with 5C1 imaging system also showed much better image resolution with great details of organs and anatomy compared to those obtained with a conventional mammography system. A simple and inexpensive ultra-high resolution imaging system on 5C1 beamline was successfully implemented. The authors were able to acquire ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, we propose to characterize boron transient enhanced diffusion (TED) for processes currently used for P"+/N ultra-shallow junctions (USJ) fabrication. Indeed, the fundamental understanding of boron diffusion for low energy boron implantation is mandatory to evaluate the scalability of such processes for the coming complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistor generations. In these experiments, we characterize the boron anomalous diffusion, thanks to boron buried marker-layers obtained by epitaxial growth. B"+ and BF_2"+ ultra-low energy (ULE) implantations and plasma doping (PLAD) using BF_3 as precursor gas are carried out to compare the two techniques used for advanced USJ fabrication. Boron diffusion behaviors are analyzed via secondary ion mass spectrometry for annealing at 700 deg. C for 5 min and 15 min. Finally this paper brings some physical insights explaining the technological benefit coming from PLAD ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of gate and drain bias stresses on thin film transistors fabricated in polysilicon films crystallized using the advanced sequential lateral solidification excimer laser annealing (SLS ELA) process, which yields very elongated polysilicon grains and allows the fabrication of TFTs without grain boundary barriers to current flow, are investigated as a function of the active layer thickness and of the TFT orientation relative to the grains. The application of hot carrier stress, with a condition of V{sub GS} = V{sub DS}/2, was determined to induce threshold voltage, subthreshold swing and transconductance degradation for TFTs in thicker polysilicon films and the associated stress-induced increase in the active layer trap density was evaluated. However, this device degradation was drastically reduced for TFTs fabricated in ultra-thin films. Furthermore, the application of the same stress condition to TFTs oriented vertically to the elongated grains resulted ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A cell calculation code SLAROM-UF has been developed for fast reactor analyses to produce effective cross sections with high accuracy in practical computing time, taking full advantage of fine and ultra-fine group calculation schemes. The fine group calculation covers the whole energy range in a maximum of 900-group structure. The structure is finer above 52.5 keV with a minimum lethargy width of 0.008. The ultra-fine group calculation solves the slowing down equation below 52.5 keV to treat resonance structures directly and precisely including resonance interference effects. Effective cross sections obtained in the two calculations are combined to produce effective cross sections over the entire energy range. Calculation accuracy and improvements from conventional 70-group cell calculation results were investigated through comparisons with reference values obtained with continuous energy Monte Carlo calculations. It was confirmed that ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tailor die quenching in the hot stamping of quenchable steel sheets was developed to produce ultra-high strength steel formed parts having strength distribution. Local portions of the heated sheet were quenched by holding grooved tools at the bottom dead centre during the stamping. Non-contact portions were generated in the sheet by grooving the tools, and thus the strength in the contact portions is high owing to the quenching and that in the non-contact portions is low owing to the lack of the quenching. Hat-shaped products having a tensile strength of approximately 1.5GPa only at four corners were formed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A procedure was developed for separating rubidium from irradiated aluminum encapsulated uranium. The separations procedure produces a final ultra-high purity RbCl product for subsequent high performance mass spectrometric analysis. The procedure involves first removing most of the macro-components and fission products by strong base anion exchange using, first, concentrated HCl, then oxalic acid media and second, selectively separating rubidium from alkaline-earth ions and other alkali-metal ions, including cesium, using Bio-Rex-40 cation-exchange resin. The resultant RbCl is then put through a final vacuum sublimation step. Ultra-pure reagents and specially clean glassware are used throughout the procedure to minimize contamination by naturally-occurring rubidium.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The conventional Calzination-Reduction-Carburization (CRC) process offers the potential to manufacture commercial WC powders with median SEM grain sizes below 0.5 pm (ultra fine grades). Strict process control and a high degree of automation have led to increased powder uniformity and high lot-to-lot reliability. The high potential and flexibility of the CRC process is shown by the development of tailor made WC powders with regard to subsequent alloy manufacturing. R and D powders have successfully been processed in full-scale units exhibiting SEM grain sizes of 0.15 - 0.20 pm. This paper discusses the powder characteristics of various ultra fine WC powder grades, stemming from the conventional CRC process. Analytical characterization include also field-emission SEM, bright field TEM, EDX analysis and XRD-line broadening. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes how hydrogen transport affects the severity of hydrogen embrittlement in 300 M and AerMet100 ultra high strength steels. Slow strain rate tests were carried out on specimens coated with electrodeposited cadmium and aluminium-based SermeTel 1140/962. Hydrogen diffusivities were measured using two-cell permeation and galvanostatic charging methods and values of 8.0 x 10{sup -8} and 1.0 x 10{sup -9} cm{sup 2} s{sup -1} were obtained for 300 M and AerMet100, respectively. A two-dimensional diffusion model was used to predict the hydrogen distributions in the SSR specimens at the time of failure. The superior embrittlement resistance of AerMet100 was attributed to reverted austenite forming around martensite laths during tempering.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, the design of large thin PIN detector with a membrane stress avoidance configuration is proposed, and the related device fabrication process is developed. Ultra-thin PIN detector {approx} 1.13 cm{sup 2} in area is fabricated on a thin ( {approx} 35{mu}m) silicon membrane, and characterized. Detector performance improvement has been successfully demonstrated. With the membrane stress avoidance design, the improved detector exhibits a leakage of 6nA, which is at least 5 times lower than that of detector of identical junction area. The new detector features a full depleted capacitance of 110 pF, and a FWHM of 40.86 keV energy resolution for 5.486 MeV alpha particle spectrography.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Exposure of cells to light of less than 320 nanometers wavelengths may lead to lethal lesions and perhaps carcinogenesis. Many organisms have evolved mechanisms to repair U.V. light-induced damage. Organisms such as deep-sea bacteria are presumably never exposed to U.V. light and perhaps occasionally to visible from bioluminescence. Thus, the repair of U.V. damage in deep-sea bacterial DNA might be inefficient and repair by photoreactivation unlikely. The bacteria utilized in this investigation are temperature sensitive and barophilic. Four deep-sea isolates were chosen for this study: PE-36 from 3584 m, CNPT-3 from 5782 m, HS-34 from 5682 m, and MT-41 from 10,476 m, all are from the North Pacific ocean. The deep-sea extends from 1100 m to depths greater than 7000 m. It is a region of relatively uniform conditions. The temperature ranges from 5 to -1"0C. There is no solar light in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of rolling conditions on warm deep drawability of cast magnesium alloy that were hot rolled after roll strip casting were investigated to ascertain the feasibility of twin-roll strip casting process of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Hot rolling and heat treatment conditions were changed to examine which conditions were appropriate for producing AZ31B wrought magnesium alloys after strip casting process. Microscopic observation of the crystals of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys was performed. It has been found that a limiting drawing ratio of 2.7 was possible in a warm deep drawing test of the cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The interpretation of solution hydrodynamic data in terms of macromolecular structural parameters is not a straightforward task. Over the years, several approaches have been developed to cope...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A cell calculation code SLAROM-UF was developed to improve calculation accuracy of effective cross sections for various fast reactor types. SLAROM-UF has a capability to calculate effective cross sections in ultra fine groups of about 100,000 below 50keV and in fine groups above the energy (maximum 900 groups). Resonance interaction among the fuel, the coolant, and the structure materials can be treated accurately even in a heterogeneous cell structure. Temperature can be set up freely in a cell by the ultra fine group calculation. Improvement in nuclear characteristics was observed in the analysis of JUPITER critical experiment, as 0.1% for criticality, 4% for sodium void reactivity, several % for radial reaction rate distribution, when SLAROM-UF was used instead of the typical cell calculation code. The effect of the ultra fine group calculation is remarkable in the non-leakage term of sodium void reactivity, and that of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Overcoming the limiting constraints of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brilluoin scattering (SBS) poses serious fibre design challenges for increasing the output power of optical amplifiers and lasers. New fibre amplifier designs are proposed to break out of these limitations to reach several kWs CW powers. (Author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The invention relates to a pulsed laser ablation method of metals and/or dielectric films from the surface of a wafer, printed circuit board or a hybrid substrate. By utilizing a high-energy ultra-short pulses of laser light, such a method can be used to manufacture electronic circuits and/or electro-mechanical assemblies without affecting the material adjacent to the ablation zone.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technological processes of welding are significant sources of pollution in the working area. Evaluation of chemical quality of working area was made by means of radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis and activation analysis with fast neutrons. Welding aerosols were sampled by filtration method on Synpor 4 membrane ultra-filters. For selected types of welding filter metals, determination of heavy metals in aerosols was performed. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method based on the collection of [sup 99]Tc from 500 l sea water samples by anion exchange and further extraction of TcO[sub 4][sup -] into 5% triisooctylamine-xylene has been improved to include a decontamination factor 6.5x10[sup 5] for uranium. The detection limit for [sup 99]Tc is thereby reduced to 3 mBq/m[sup 3].

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The basic features and advantages of a turbodrill with a reducer insert are given, together with its characteristics in different compositions. The results of industrial tests of a test lot in three areas are given. The effectivenss of using a reducer turbodrill in super-deep holes is demonstrated.

Science.gov (United States)

... presumed first instar Geocharidius. Anillines occur in deep forest litters, beneath rocks and in soil (endogean), or as ... their small size and cryptic mode of life. Forest litter inhabiting anillines ma...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present status of theoretical description of deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon as well as large angle Bhabha scattering with account for radiative corrections in the leading and next-to-leading approximations are reviewed. Also considered is a build-up principle and physical programme of the photon-photon colliders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The main subject of this thesis is the study of the hardronic final state in deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering. Theexperiment described in this thesis is performed with such a high resolution that the substructure of the proton is probed by the electron beam with a resolution of less than 10{sup -15} cm. (orig./HSI).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

From the gross conservation laws of thermodynamics in a convecting material we derive a bound on the ratio of the rate of production of mechanical or magnetic energy to the rate of internal radioactive...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Molecular life science is one of the fastest-growing fields of scientific and technical innovation, and biotechnology has profound effects on many aspects of daily life—often with deep, ethical...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes the borehole that has been driven into the underlying crystalline rock of the Rhine valley near Basle. This work has been carried out within the framework of the 'Deep Heat Mining' project. The 2,755 metre deep borehole provides geological information essential for the realisation of a proposed geothermal power station using the 'Hot Dry Rock' process. The boring of the test borehole is described. The results obtained from samples taken from the test borehole and the measurements made in it are presented, including details on geological formations, temperature, gas measurements and rock strain values. The author is of the opinion that the chances of finding temperatures of at least 200 {sup o}C in a depth of 5 km - as foreseen in the 'Deep Heat Mining' project - can be considered as being quite high.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Previous ultrasound elasticity imaging experiments supported a generally accepted concept that the hardness of deep venous thrombi increases with thrombus aging. Results also showed that this...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In this study we determined the composition and biogeochemistry of novel, brightly colored, white and orange microbial mats at the surface of a brine seep at the outer rim of the Chefren mud volcano....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundDuring surgery, controlled haemostasis to prevent blood loss is vital for a successful outcome. It can be difficult to ligate vessels located deep in the abdomen. A device...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report a 20-year-old woman who suffered headaches before presenting with a state of fluctuating vigilance. MRI showed diffuse high signal in the basal ganglia bilaterally on diffusion- and T2-weighted images, which had areas of both low and high apparent diffusion coefficient, presumed to correspond to cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema. MR venography showed no flow in the deep cerebral veins or straight sinus. Heparin was given, with clinical recovery. On follow-up MRI, the appearances became normal. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A petrographic comparison of Triassic, fluvial sandstones from the Deep River Basin in the eastern piedmont of North Carolina with nearby Holocene stream sands (1) indicates that he Triassic climate was more arid than today's and (2) distinguishes an eastern, more plutonic terrane from a western, more metamorphic source terrane. The paleoclimatic interpretation is based on differences in framework composition between modern and ancient sands of the same grain size, derived from the same rock type, transported similar distances and deposited in similar settings. The Triassic sandstones contain more lithic-fragments but less quartz than otherwise equivalent, modern sand in the Deep River Basin. Feldspar content is more complex, controlled by both source-rock composition and climate. Sand from the more plutonic terrane contains more feldspar and plutonic lithic-fragments than sand from the more metamorphic terrane, which contains more ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report summarizes the findings of a five-month LDRD project funded through Sandia's NTM Investment Area. The project was aimed at providing the foundation for the development of advanced functional materials through the application of ultrathin coatings of microporous or mesoporous materials onto the surface of substrates such as silicon wafers. Prior art teaches that layers of microporous materials such as zeolites may be applied as, e.g., sensor platforms or gas separation membranes. These layers, however, are typically several microns to several hundred microns thick. For many potential applications, vast improvements in the response of a device could be realized if the thickness of the porous layer were reduced to tens of nanometers. However, a basic understanding of how to synthesize or fabricate such ultra-thin layers is lacking. This report describes traditional and novel approaches to the growth of layers of microporous materials on silicon wafers. The ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Potassium atoms in selected high-lying np Rydberg states (80 #<=# n #<=# 400) are being used as a tool to examine electron-polar molecule collisions at ultra-low energies (#approx#80 #mu#eV - 1 meV). This energy regime has not been investigated previously and is of interest because the corresponding electron de Broglie wavelength is large, #approx#1300 - 330 Angstrom, and because the collision time is comparable to the period of molecular rotation. A variety of target molecules has been studied, including simple rotors such as HF, and more complex species such as NH_3, CH_3I, CH_2Br_2 and C_6H_5NO_2. These targets encompass a range of dipole moments and rotational behavior, but analysis of the data shows that in each case the cross section #sigma#(#epsilon#) for rotationally-inelastic electron-polar molecule scattering varies approximately as 1/#epsilon# where #epsilon# is the electron energy. Such threshold behavior is not predicted by the Born approximation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In an attempt to enhance the electrical and mechanical properties of the high temperature superconducting oxides, high T(sub c) composites were prepared composed of the 123 compounds and AgO. The presence of extra oxygen due to the decomposition of AgO at high temperature is found to stabilize the superconducting 123 phase. Ag is found to serve as clean flux for grain growth and precipitates as pinning center. Consequently, almost two orders of magnitude enhancement in critical current densities were also observed in these composites. In addition, these composites also show much improvement in workability and shape formation. On the other hand, proper oxygen treatment of Y5Ba6Cu11Oy was found to possibly stabilize superconducting phase with T(sub c) near 250 K. I-V, ac susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements indicate the existence of this ultra high T(sub c) phase in this compound. Detailed structure, microstructure, electrical, magnetic and thermal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Supermetal with critical characteristics is under advanced investigation for further improvement of metal materials. Although iron is most frequently used as structural material among various metals, it should be used more carefully and effectively because of resource limitation and global environmental problem. It is essential to draw various excellent properties much more from iron and to improve recyclability. In particular, the best way to meet these requirements is achievement of more fine structure and higher purity. Since the lowest crystalline grain size is now limited to nearly 10{mu}m, metallic structure composed of grains below 1{mu}m is expected by mesoscopic control. Various methods have been studied to achieve ultra-fine crystalline structure, and study of precise heat treatment control and ultra-strength metallurgy is required. Heat treatment in magnetic field and layered structure by mechanical alloying are also promising. ...

CERN Document Server

Gemini North adaptive optics imaging spectroscopy is presented for the Galactic ultra-compact HII (UCHII) region K3-50A. Data were obtained in the K-band using the Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) behind the facility adaptive optics module ALTAIR in natural guide star mode. The NIFS data cube reveals a complex spatial morphology across the 0.1 pc scale of the 3'' UCHII region. Comparison of the nebular emission to Cloudy ionization models shows that the central source must have an effective temperature between about 37000 K and 45000 K with preferred values near 40000 K. Evidence is presented for sharp density variations in the nebula which are interpreted as a clearing of material nearest the central source. High excitation lines of FeIII and SeIV show that the ionization of the nebula clearly changes with distance from the central source. A double lobed kinematic signature (+/- 25 kms) is evident in the Br gamma line map which may be related to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work, the silicon oxynitride layer was studied as a tunneling layer for non-volatile memory application by fabricating low temperature polysilicon thin film transistors on glass. Silicon wafers were oxynitrided by only nitrous oxide plasma under different radio frequency powers and plasma treatment times. Plasma oxynitridation was performed in RF plasma using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to analyze the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen in oxynitride layer. The oxynitrided layer formed under radio frequency power of 150 W and substrate temperature of 623 K was found to contain the atomic concentration ratio of nitrogen/oxygen as high as 1.57. The advantage of high nitrogen concentration in silicon oxide layer formed by using nitrous oxide plasma was investigated by capacitance-voltage measurement. The analysis of capacitance-voltage characteristics demonstrated that the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experimental discussions were given on effect of V and W addition on the high temperature strength properties of 12% Cr-15% Mn austenite steels. The test samples were added with W at 0% to 3.5% and V at 0% to 0.5% in addition to C and N, and were given aging treatment or solution treatment. This paper describes the following matters on the results of high-temperature strength measurements and structural observation: A remarkable trend was observed that M23 Cb type carbides precipitate in the aging treatment, wherein aging hardening appears prominently which is attributable to ultra-fine deposits of vanadium nitride (VN) in the V-added material; the V addition is very effective in increasing the high-temperature tensile strength and creep fracture strength as compared with single W addition, wherein the said carbides that accelerate the precipitation as a result of the V addition make a large contribution, in addition to that by ultra-fine VN ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work we present an ultra-low temperature method for the oxidation of an amorphous silicon-carbide-nitride (SiCN) material. The SiCN is deposited on silicon substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH{sub 4}, SiH{sub 4}, and N{sub 2} chemistry. The physical and chemical properties are characterized for the as-deposited SiCN and post-oxidized films are discussed. The SiCN film is exposed to oxygen plasma, where it undergoes a chemical transformation into a binary SiO{sub 2} material system. A 1.7 nm/min oxidation rate is typical for this process and compares favorably to oxidation methods utilizing much higher temperatures. The substrate temperature remains extremely low throughout the oxidation process, T{sub s} < 200 deg. C. Changes in film stress, optical constants, film thickness, surface roughness, and film density are measured. Chemical analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is reported for both the as-deposited and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An extremely sensitive stripping voltammetric procedure for ultra-trace determination of iridium(III) is reported. The method is based on the interfacial accumulation of the iridium(III)-CTAB complex onto the glassy carbon electrode, followed by the catalytic reduction of the adsorbed complex in the presence of bromate. 0.3molL^-^1 acetate buffer pH 4.7+6.9x10^-^2molL^-^1 NaBrO3+2.7x10^-^5molL^-^1 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)+0.2molL^-^1 KCl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. The analytical procedure was verified by the analysis of the standard reference materials: Sea Water BCR-CRM 403 and Fresh Water NIST-SRM 1643d. The accuracy, expressed as relative error e%, was satisfactory, being lower than 6%, while precision as repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviat...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

T_2 weighted ultra-short turbo spin echo sequences were used in five individuals with variations in echo times, delayed triggering and echo intervals. To reduce movement artifacts all examinations were carried out with ECG and respiratory triggering. The sequences giving optimal image quality were then employed in 19 patients having various pulmonary abnormalities. Image resolutions, artifacts, image contrasts and diagnostic value were then judged by two observers and compared with CT. In the first study, a diastole-triggered UTSE sequence with the shortest echo proved optimal (T_E=90 ms, T_R=2-4 s, echo=9 ms, turbo factor=19). In the patient series studied, MRT was inferior to CT with regard to resolution and number of artifacts, but better in respect of contrast and diagnostic value. Using UTSE of the lung, MRT can produce images of good quality. Compared with CT, contrast is better with MRT, offering diagnostic advantages for MRT. (orig./MG).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Overhead persistent surveillance systems are becoming more capable at acquiring wide-field image sequences for long time-spans. The need to exploit this data is becoming ever greater. The ability to track a single vehicle of interest or to track all the observable vehicles, which may number in the thousands, over large, cluttered regions while they persist in the imagery is very desirable. Typically, this imagery has many thousands of pixels on a side and is characterized by lower resolutions (e.g. {approx}0.5 meters/pixel to {approx}2.0 meters/pixel) and lower frame rates (e.g. {approx} sub-Hz to several Hz). We describe our ultra-scale capable implementation of a multiple-vehicle tracking algorithm for overhead persistent surveillance imagery. This work builds upon an earlier report, where now the algorithm has been modified for improved performance and has been substantially improved to handle much larger datasets in a much shorter time.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is growing interest in using {sup 242m}Am as a nuclear fuel for space reactors and nuclear batteries. In this paper, we discuss different {sup 242m}Am enrichments, as well as fuel weight requirements, to produce a critical reactor. It was found that relatively low enrichments of {sup 242m}Am, about 10 w/o, are enough to guarantee criticality. Such low enrichments might eliminate the need for a {sup 242m}Am enrichment process. It was also found that the best results for low {sup 242m}Am requirements are obtained with a moderator to fuel volume ratio of 10,000.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This feature articles described a concept and technical problems of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in the civil engineering. It consists of six papers such as the present statues and subjects of geological disposal by KITAYAMA Kazumi, the diastrophism, igneous activity, and upheaval and erosion by YAMAZAKI Haruo, the groundwater flow and evaluation of nuclear transfer by IJIRI Yuji, evaluation of alteration of cement materials in the ultra-long period by HAGA Kazuko, The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory in course of construction by SAKAMAKI Masanori, and interview of the ninetieth president of JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers), he places his hope on JSCE and civil engineers by KISHI Kiyoshi. (S.Y.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We are investigating a novel insulator concept which involves the use of alternating layers of conductors and insulators with periods less than 1 mm. These structures perform many times better (about 1.5 to 4 times higher breakdown electric field) than conventional insulators in long pulse, short pulse, and alternating polarity applications. We present our ongoing studies investigating the degradation of the breakdown electric field resulting from surface roughness, the effect of gas pressure, and the performance of the insulator structure under bi-polar stress. Further, we present our initial modeling studies.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oregon State University (OSU) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy to conduct research focused on resolving the key technical issues that limited the deployment of efficient and extremely compact microtechnology based heat actuated absorption heat pumps and gas absorbers. Success in demonstrating these technologies will reduce the main barriers to the deployment of a technology that can significantly reduce energy consumption in the building, automotive and industrial sectors while providing a technology that can improve our ability to sequester CO{sub 2}. The proposed research cost $939,477. $539,477 of the proposed amount funded research conducted at OSU while the balance ($400,000) was used at PNNL. The project lasted 42 months and started in April 2001. Recent developments at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Oregon State University suggest that the performance of absorption and desorption systems can be ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, one must estimate the number of events expected in each direction of the sky in the case of a perfect isotropy. We present in this article a new method, developed for the Auger Observatory, based on a smooth estimate of the zenith angle distribution obtained from the data itself (which is essentially unchanged in the case of the presence of a large scale anisotropy pattern). We also study the sensitivity of several methods to detect large-scale anisotropies in the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution : Rayleigh analysis, dipole fitting and angular power spectrum estimation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is reported about the adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of uranium, antimony, tin, vanadium and molybdenum using chloranilic acid as complex forming reagent. The determination limits are in the l{sup 1}-range. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es wird ueber die Bestimmung von Uran, Antimon, Zinn, Vanadium und Molybdaen durch Adsorptions-Stripping-Voltammetrie mit Chloranilsaeure als Komplexbildner berichtet. Die Bestimmungsgrenzen liegen im ng l{sup -1} Bereich. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scanning ion microscopy with polarization analysis (SIMPA) is used to study the spin-resolved surface magnetic structure of nano-sized magnetic systems. SIMPA is utilized for in situ topographic and spin-resolved magnetic domain imaging as well as for focused ion beam (FIB) etching of desired structures in magnetic or non-magnetic systems. Ultra-thin Co films are deposited on surfaces of Si(1 0 0) substrates, and ultra-thin, tri-layered, bct Fe(1 0 0)/Mn/bct Fe(1 0 0) wedged magnetic structures are deposited on fcc Pd(1 0 0) substrates. SIMPA experiments clearly show that ion-induced electrons emitted from magnetic surfaces exhibit non-zero electron spin polarization (ESP), whereas electrons emitted from non-magnetic surfaces such as Si and Pd exhibit zero ESP, which can be used to calibrate sputtering rates in situ. We report on new, spin-resolved magnetic microstructures, such as magnetic 'C' states and magnetic vortices, found at surfaces of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of ultra-low-dose scanning for multislice CT colonography in the detection of colorectal lesions. Twenty-seven patients (14 men, 13 women) with clinical indication for conventional colonoscopy were recruited. Multislice spiral CT (Somatom Plus 4 Volume Zoom, Siemens, Germany) examinations were performed after standard oral colonoscopic preparation and colonic distension with room air. Images were acquired using 2.5-mm collimation, 3.0-mm slice thickness, standard reconstruction kernel, 140 kVp, and 10 mAs. Supine and prone acquisitions were obtained in all patients. Images were analyzed on a workstation by two gastrointestinal radiologists. Conventional colonoscopy was performed on the same day in all patients and represented the standard of reference. Total radiation exposure was also calculated. All colorectal cancers were correctly identified at CT colonography (9 of 9, sensitivity 100%). The CT colonography also ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of molybdenum on the electronic structure of the passive films formed on ferritic (Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Mo) stainless steels is examined by capacitance and photoelectrochemical measurements. The capacitance study is supported by a mathematical analysis of the Schottky barrier developed at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface in the case of a semiconductor with multiple bulk electronic states in the bandgap. The numerical simulations, based on the more general Mott-Schottky relation proposed, are in good agreement with the experimental results. It can be concluded that the capacitance behavior of the passive films is related to the contributions of a shallow donor level very close to the conduction band and a deep donor level at about 0.4 eV below the conduction band. The addition of molybdenum decreases the donor density of the deep level. Photoeffects observed for subbandgap photon energies reveal that this deep ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model is presented that describes the development of texture during the production process of bake-hardening steel recrystallized in a batch-annealing furnace. Proper conditions are analyzed to generate a pronounced {gamma}-fiber texture and a pancake microstructure that shows superior deep drawability. The {gamma}-fiber texture is assumed to be caused by the interaction between tertiary precipitating aluminum nitride particles and the recrystallization process during heating in the furnace. Deep drawability is presented in terms of the logarithmic {gamma}- and {alpha}-fiber X-ray intensity ratio. The computer simulation of the coupled aluminum nitride precipitation and recrystallization kinetics is based on an iterative procedure. A comparison between simulation results and available experimental data proves the ability of the model to predict the final deep drawability, taking into account the initial aluminum and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The need for alternative energy increases steadily???especially due to the climate change and the limited availability of fossil fuels. Geothermal power uses the intrinsic heat which is stored in the accessible part of the Earth???s crust. Its importance among the renewable energy resources originates from the almost unlimited energy supply of the Earth and its independence from external influences such as seasonal or even daily climatic variability. Nevertheless, there are risks which have to be assessed. From a mathematical point of view there are four building blocks of the characterization of deep geothermal systems: seismic exploration, gravimetry, modeling transport processes, and modeling the stress field. In particular, local depletion poses a significant risk during the industrial...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The passive films formed on 316L stainless steel in various NaCl solutions have been investigated by capacitance measurements (Mott-Schottky). Pitting parameters have been determined using the galvano-kinetic polarisation method. The obtained results reveal the existence of a shallow and a deep donor level localised in the band gap of the semiconducting oxide film. These energy levels are due to iron ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral positions. It also appears that the participation of the deep donor level effects the electric field. The study developed allows us to compare characteristic parameters of the electronic structure of the passive film to those related to pitting susceptibility. (authors) 25 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

After the successful completion of the development program of the 2000 m water depth HVDC Hawaii Deep Water Self Contained Fluid Filled Cable, the interconnection between Hawaii island and Oahu island is examined. Thermal, electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, corrosion, length aspects are developed for both fluid filled and paper impregnated (SOLID) cables which are foreseen in different portions of the approximately 250 km length connection. Considerations are also presented for the requirements of the cable ship: 12 m sheave diameter, 7000 t capacity for the rotating platform. The feasibility of manufacturing, transporting and laying such cables within a practical schedule is discussed in this paper.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lateral plume dispersion in deep river valleys during neutral and stable lapse rate conditions can be exceptionally high due to the intense horizontal turbulence generated by prominent variations in the width, orientation and surface roughness of the valley walls. Use of the standard Gaussian dispersion equation to represent this enhanced lateral plume spread in a narrow valley may be inappropriate since consideration should also be given to the restriction of the horizontal plume spread due to impingement against the valley walls. The basic concept employed in the modification of the Gaussian dispersion equation was to assume that multiple eddy reflections occur between the valley walls in a manner similar to the vertical eddy reflections between the ground plane and an inversion layer aloft. The expressions are developed, but no attempt has been made to validate them with actual measured field data. 4 references, 3 figures, 1 table.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Shallow-diving, coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and deep-diving, pelagic pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. sima) will experience vastly different ambient pressures at depth, which will influence the volume of air within their lungs and potentially the degree of thoracic collapse they experience. This study tested the hypotheses that lung size will be reduced and/or thoracic mobility will be enhanced in deeper divers. Lung mass (T. truncatus, n = 106; kogiids, n = 18) and lung volume (T. truncatus, n = 5; kogiids, n = 4), relative to total body mass, were compared. One T. truncatus and one K. sima were cross-sectioned to calculate lung, thoracic vasculature, and other organ volumes. Excised thoraxes (T. truncatus, n = 3; kogiids, n = 4) were mechanically ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geothermal energy appears as a viable economic alternative among the different renewable energy sources. The French bureau of geological and mining researches (BRGM) is involved in several research and development programs in the domain of geothermal energy and underground reservoirs. This document presents the content of 5 programs: the deep hot dry rock system of Soultz-sous-Forets (construction and testing of the scientific pilot, modeling of the reservoir structure), the development of low and high enthalpy geothermal energy in the French West Indies, the comparison of the geothermal development success of Bouillante (Guadeloupe, French West Indies) with the check of the geothermal development of Nyssiros (Greece) and Pantelleria (Italy), the development of the high enthalpy geothermal potentialities of Reunion Island, and the underground storage of CO{sub 2} emissions in geologic formations (deep aquifers, geothermal reservoirs, abandoned ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The Yaojia Formation recovered by CCSD-SK-Is borehole (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling-SongkeI-the south borehole) is 157.67 m long and 99.96% of cores recovery. The age of the formation corresponds with a range from the Santonian to the early Campanian. The sequences and processes of lithology-lithofacies and cyclic stratigraphy are revealed by a detailed core description. Eleven rock types and three kinds of sedimentary subfacies, including shallow lake, deep lake, and delta front, are recognized from the drilling core. There are eleven sedimentary microfacies including dolostone, argillaceous limestone, shallow lake turbidite, deep lake turbidite, subaqueous mouth bar, distal bar, sheet sandstone, subaqueous distributary bay, slump deposits, shallow lake mudstone, and d...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A review of the deep-level defects observed in both electron- and proton-irradiated GaAs solar cells is presented. Studies of the effects of periodic and continuous thermal annealing on the radiation-induced electron and hole traps and the recombination parameters in GaAs solar cells were made for a wide range of electron and proton energies, fluence, annealing temperature and annealing time. A refined model for numerical simulations of the displacement damage was developed for computing the defect density and the cell parameters in the electron- and proton-irradiated GaAs solar cells. Excellent agreement was obtained between the calculated values and the experimental data for the proton-irradiated GaAs solar cells. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy flows in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering are investigated at a centre-of-mass energy of 296 GeV for the range Q{sup 2}{>=}10 GeV{sup 2} using the ZEUS detector. A comparison is made between events with and without a large rapidity gap between the hadronic system and the proton direction. The energy flows, corrected for detector acceptance and resolution, are shown for these two classes of events in both the HERA laboratory frame and the Breit frame. From the differences in the shapes of these energy flows we conclude that QCD radiation is suppressed in the large-rapidity-gap events compared to the events without a large rapidity gap. (orig.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SummaryThe receptors for the second messenger InsP₃ comprise a family of closely related ion channels that release Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores, most prominently...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency is a major site for geoscientific research to advance the scientific and technological basis for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in crystalline rock. Studies on relevant engineering technologies in the MIU consist of a) research on design and construction technology for very deep underground applications, and b) research on engineering technology as a basis of geological disposal. In the Second Phase of the MIU project (the construction phase), engineering studies have focused on research into design and construction technologies for deep underground. The main subjects in the study of very deep underground structures consist of the following: 'Demonstration of the design methodology', 'Demonstration of existing and supplementary excavation methods', 'Demonstration of countermeasures during excavation' and 'Demonstration ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Modec International Inc has selected Siemens Water Technologies to provide sea-water reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems for several floating, production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels that are to be operated in deep-water locations. Siemens is also supplying a wastewater reuse system to one of Brazils largest refineries.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The coal bed methane (CBM) potential of five coal zones (the Kootenay, Gething, Gates, Brazeau, and Coalspur) in the Alberta foothills and mountains is re-evaluated. For evaluation, the coal zones are divided into shallow (200 to 2500 m depth) and deep (over 2500 m depth). The total gas content is estimated. Recommendations on how to obtain more reliable resource data and about producibility are included. 41 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs., 2 apps.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Subseabed Disposal Project (SDP) was part of an international program that investigated the feasibility of high-level radioactive waste disposal in the deep ocean sediments. This report briefly describes the seven-step iterative performance assessment procedures used in this study and presents representative results of the last iteration. The results of the performance are compared to interim standards developed for the SDP, to other conceptual repositories, and to related metrics. The attributes, limitations, uncertainties, and remaining tasks in the SDP feasibility phase are discussed.

Science.gov (United States)

The developments of fields in deep waters (5000 ft and more) is a common occurrence. It is inevitable that production systems will operate under multiphase flow conditions (simultaneous flow of gas-oil-and water possibly along with sand, hydrates, and wax...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Numerical errors of PALLAS calculation due to spatial mesh sizes are examined for a typical deep penetration shielding problem of isotropic incident fission neutrons penetrating a 200-cm-thick water slab. The exponential approximation for the source spatial distribution to solve the transport equation based on the direct integration method is verified to be effective for radiation transport in attenuating medium, while the linear approximation employed in the old PALLAS code is found to produce large errors for calculations with large mesh sizes.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This is a continuation of research that started in July 2007 at the Deep River Science Academy. The research was related to the effects of endplate thickness and misalignment of fuel bundles in the fuel channel on pressure losses of reactor coolant. Based on this research, a new approach to refueling of the CANDU reactor has been developed. It greatly simplifies fuel handling equipment and increases its reliability. It also reduces required staffing, as well as operating and maintenance costs associated with fuel handling. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The reconstruction of coronal and Sagittal Image of Brain C. T. is helpful to diagnosis of Brain. Three Dimensional Reconstruction software package allows to display three dimensional Image clerived from a series of Horizontal, Sagittal and Coronal Brain C. T. images. It useful in determine approach of operation, to define portals of deep radiation therapy.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Within the EU-Project VOTALP (Vertical Ozone Transports in the Alps), we have shown that deep alpine valleys like the Mesolcina Valley very efficiently transport air out of the polluted valley up to altitudes between 2000 and near 4000 m asl (above sea level). Pollutants emitted in these valleys are very efficiently transported up to high altitudes. (author) 2 figs., 1 tab., 2 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the effective methods of deep modification of the surface of steels and alloys is the combination of ion implantation and plasma nitriding. In this work, the long-range effect is demonstrated in the case of combination of the effect of high- and low-energy ions of nitrogen on a martensitic steel for each ion implantation is usually not effective, and a titanium alloy used widely in industry.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report highlights the significance of the geological sciences to the nation and to society. Discussions include understanding plate tectonics and surface processes, exploring the continental crust, ocean basins and the deep earth, applications of geology to social problems such as mineral resources, waste disposal, siting of critical facilities, geological hazards, water resources management, and coastal zones. The state of health of geological research is also discussed. (ACR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

These ten chapters present an overview of floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, and examines deep water developments; hydrostatic stability; production, storage and offloading systems; the configuration and structure of flexible risers and umbilicals; the structural and global dynamic analysis of flexible riser and umbilicals; verification of FPSO structural integrity; vessel global loading and rigid body response; environmental loading and vessel response; and mooring systems. (UK)

Science.gov (United States)

The developments of oil and gas fields in deep waters (5000 ft and more) will become more common in the future. It is inevitable that production systems will operate under multiphase flow conditions (simultaneous flow of gas-oiland water possibly along wi...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gas composition of recent thermal waters is in perfect conformity with their geologic-tectonic positions. The composition of gas-liquid inclusions in the basic-hyperbasic xenoliths of basaltoid lavas depends on the depth from which xenoliths are supplied. (The depth is determined by using the methods of geological thermobarometers). By comparing available data the conclusion was drawn that the gas compositions of thermal waters reflect the depth of generation of deep fluid which heats them and depends on the penetration depth of the fluid-conducting fissure zones.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Genome sequences are essential tools for comparative and mutational analyses. Here we present the short read sequence of mouse chromosome 17 from the Mus musculus domesticus derived...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new era for the field of Galactic structure is about to be opened with the advent of wide-area digital sky surveys. In this article, the author reviews the status and prospects for research for 3 new ground-based surveys: the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the Deep Near-Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky (DENIS) and the Two Micron AU Sky Survey (2MASS). These surveys will permit detailed studies of Galactic structure and stellar populations in the Galaxy with unprecedented detail. Extracting the information, however, will be challenging.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The formation, migration and agglomeration in silicon of fluorine-vacancy complexes have been monitored by single-detector Doppler broadening spectroscopy. After electronics engineers found that fluorine ion implantation effectively eliminated the transient-enhanced diffusion of dopants in the creation of ultra-shallow junctions, a vital step in the further miniaturization of device structures, positron beams have played a pivotal role in providing an insight into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, being able to detect FV complexes in implanted and annealed samples. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry has provided complementary information on fluorine concentrations so that the nature of the F{sub m}V{sub n} complexes can be further assessed. New results on Si and SiGe structures are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of high-performance ion exchangers allows a trace-matrix-separation (SMT) directly followed by an ion chromatographic (IC) separation of the analytes. Based on the principles described in Part 1, a combined procedure IC-SMT-IC for metallic impurities in Mo and W is presented. Up to 12 metal traces (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Ca, Mn, Sr, Mg and Ba) can be determined in one run with 35 min. A special method for traces of U and Th is also given. Detection limits are typically 10-100 ng g{sup -1} in the metal sample. (author). 14 refs.; 10 figs.; 6 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The study aimed to determine the chemical effects on the K and L X-ray intensity ratios and the K and L X-ray production cross sections for gold compounds. The K shell fluorescence yields and L shell average yields were also investigated. The samples were excited by 59.5keV ?-rays from an 241Am annular radioactive source and 123.6keV ?-rays from a 57Co annular radioactive source. K and L X-rays emitted from samples were counted by an Ultra-LEGe detector with a resolution of 0.150keV at 5.9keV. The experimental values were compared with theoretical, the semi-empirical and other experimental values.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The goal of this research program is to determine whether pulsed laser deposition is an effective alternative method for growing TiCN thin films. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is chosen because of its well-documented capability for growing uniform, stoichiometric films in ultra-high vacuum or gaseous environments. Processing of thin films by PLD is also achieved at relatively low temperatures compared with CVD processing. Given these attributes, the primary objectives in this article are to determine whether nitrogen may be readily incorporated into films resulting from the laser-ablation of TiC in an N{sub 2} environment, determine what effect nitrogen has on mechanical properties, and determine whether nitrogen incorporation is strongly influenced by processes unrelated to laser deposition (e.g., thermally-activated surface reactions).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

After irradiation at 254nm of aqueous solutions of the antipsychotic drug flupentixol, the structures of the photodegradation products were determined by ultra high performance liquid-chromatography linked to mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of the parent ions were established on a hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer allowing accurate mass measurements of both parent and daughter ions. This allowed to propose plausible structures for the main photolysis products of flupentixol. A total of nine photoproducts were detected after irradiation of the drug. The main photoproduct is generated following the addition of a hydroxyl group on the double bond adjacent to the thioxanthene ring. Secondary photoproducts were also observed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pre-amorphization of ultrashallow implanted boron in Silicon-on-insulator is optimized to produce an abrupt box-like doping profile with negligible electrical deactivation and significantly reduced transient enhanced diffusion. The effect is achieved by positioning the as-implanted amorphous/crystalline interface close to the buried oxide interface, to minimize interstitials whilst leaving a single-crystal seed to support solid-phase epitaxy. Based on a simple physical model of our results, we estimate that the interface between the Si overlayer and the buried oxide is an efficient interstitial sink with a recombination length of the order of 10nm or less under our experimental conditions. (author)

CERN Document Server

Radiation damage is considered to be the major problem that still prevents imaging an individual biological molecule for structural analysis. So far, all known mapping techniques using sufficient short wave-length radiation, be it X-rays or high energy electrons, circumvent this problem by averaging over many molecules. Averaging, however, leaves conformational details uncovered. Even the anticipated use of ultra-short but extremely bright X-ray bursts of a Free Electron Laser shall afford averaging over 10^6 molecules to arrive at atomic resolution. Here we present direct experimental evidence for non-destructive imaging of individual DNA molecules. In fact, we show that DNA withstands coherent low energy electron radiation with deBroglie wavelength in the Angstrom regime despite a vast dose of 10^8 electrons/nm^2 accumulated over more than one hour.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Protein motions on all timescales faster than molecular tumbling are encoded in the spectral density. The dissection of complex protein dynamics is typically performed using relaxation rates determined at high and ultra-high field. Here we expand this range of the spectral density to low fields through field cycling using the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS coronavirus as a model system. The field-cycling approach enables site-specific measurements of R{sub 1} at low fields with the sensitivity and resolution of a high-field magnet. These data, together with high-field relaxation and heteronuclear NOE, provide evidence for correlated rigid-body motions of the entire {beta}-hairpin, and corresponding motions of adjacent loops with a time constant of 0.8 ns (mesodynamics). MD simulations substantiate these findings and provide direct verification of the time scale and collective nature of these motions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ultra-thin, uniform, pinhole-free solid polymer electrolyte films having a fixed carboxylic ester group of approximately 1 {mu}m thickness were prepared by polymerization of methyl acrylate and tris(2-methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane in a glow discharge plasma. The carboxylic ester group of the plasma polymer were transformed to lithium carboxylate groups by treatment with lithium iodide. This process give a single lithium ion conductive film. These solid polymer electrolyte films showed ionic conductivities of the order of 10{sup -8} S cm{sup -1} (10{sup 4} {omega} cm{sup 2} resistance per unit area) at room temperature. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate targeted infill and extension drilling opportunities, better determinations of oil-in-place, methods for improved completion efficiency and the suitability of waterflooding in Red River and Ratcliffe shallow-shelf carbonate reservoirs in the Williston Basin, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota. Improved reservoir characterization utilizing three-dimensional and multi-component seismic are being investigated for identification of structural and stratigraphic reservoir compartments. These seismic characterization tools are integrated with geological and engineering studies. Improved completion efficiency is being tested with extended-reach jetting lance and other ultra-short-radius lateral technologies. Improved completion efficiency, additional wells at closer spacing and better estimates of oil in place will result in additional oil recovery by primary and enhanced recovery processes.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In an effort to explore Diffraction Enhanced Imaging of bone tissue, experiments were performed to determine if it was possible to use Diffraction Enhanced Imaging to detect microdamage in bovine cortical bone. Measurements were made at the National Synchrotron Light Source where pre- and post-fatigue rocking curve widths of the bone were studied. The rocking curve widths were then compared. Since no consistent pattern of narrowing or broadening of the rocking curve emerged, it is likely that the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering present in the bone overshadowed any additional changes to rocking curve caused by microdamage of the bone. Larger bone structures were able to be visualized which suggests that microdamage may be visualized with a higher resolution detector.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Discovery of better biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy-response prediction is the most critical task of a scientific quest aimed at developing newly designed, tailor-made therapies for patients with cancer. Consequently, a proteome wide analysis, in addition to genomic studies, is an absolute requirement for a complete functional understanding of tumor biology. Ultra-sensitive, high-performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) currently holds an important role in fulfilling the demands of biomarker discovery. In this review, we describe the applicability of FTICR MS for breast cancer proteomics, particularly for the analysis of complex protein mixtures obtained from a limited number of cells typically available from clinical specimens.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A qualitative method, involving supported liquid?liquid extraction (SLE) and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS?MS), was developed for the rapid tentative identification of various drugs of abuse in urine. In this study, 28 drugs and metabolites were covered by the screening procedure. Before analysis, urine samples were extracted by SLE and good extraction recoveries were obtained for most investigated compounds. The UHPLC strategy was then selected for the rapid separation of amphetamines, cocaine, opiates and related compounds in urine. Using columns packed with sub-2??m particles, analysis time was reduced down to 2?min, while maintaining acceptable performance. Finally, the detection was by tandem MS operating in the single reaction...

CERN Document Server

Using ultra-high-frequency data extracted from the order flows of 23 stocks traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, we study the empirical regularities of order placement in the opening call auction, cool period and continuous auction. The distributions of relative logarithmic prices against reference prices in the three time periods are qualitatively the same with quantitative discrepancies. The order placement behavior is asymmetric between buyers and sellers and between the inside-the-book orders and outside-the-book orders. In addition, the conditional distributions of relative prices in the continuous auction are independent of the bid-ask spread and volatility. These findings are crucial to build an empirical behavioral microscopic model based on order flows for Chinese stocks.

Environmental Research Database

Objectives1. We will use reduction of lysosomal stability as an indicator of cell injury induced by C-60 fullerenes and carbon nanotubes in the liver analogue or digestive gland (hepatopancreas) of marine mussels. Molluscan hepatopancreatic digestive cells are key to normal function and are a sensitive key interface with the environment. Reduction of lysosomal stability is mechanistically linked with impaired health of the whole animal. 2. We will also test the hepatopancreatic digestive cells for evide [continued...]DescriptionNanotechnology is a major innovative scientific and economic growth area, which may present a variety of hazards for environmental and human health. The surface properties and very small size of nanoparticles and nanotubes provides surfaces that may bind and transport toxic chemical pollutants, as well as possibly being toxic in their own right by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is a wealth of evidence for the harmful effects of nanoscale ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The ISI (In-Service Inspection) system has been developed so as to maintain the structural integrity of heat transfer tubes in the primary pressurized water cooler in the HTTR (High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor). This system consists of eddy current probes, ultra-sonic probes, insertion and extraction units, positioning unit and so on. Verification and performance tests of the developed ISI system were carried out using mock-up heat transfer tubes in the primary pressurized water cooler. The constitution of the system, R and D results of the inspection probes, and verification and performance test results of the ISI system for heat transfer tubes are described in this paper. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

At present the cooler synchrotron COSY a synchrotron and storage ring for medium energy physics is being commissioned at Juelich. The construction of the ring was finished during September 1992. The cooler ring will deliver protons in the momentum range from 270 to 3300 MeV/c. The phase density of the circulating protons will be increased with electron cooling at injection and with stochastic cooling at momenta between 1500 and 3300 MeV/c. High luminosity internal experiments as well as high resolution external experiments will be possible. Details of the lattice, to match the different ion optical requirements for cooling, acceleration, internal experiments and ultra-slow extraction will be discussed. An overview of the performance of the ion sources, the injector cyclotron, the ring, the injection beamline are given. The realization status of the extraction beamlines to the external experimental area is given. The experience on the commissioning of the cooler ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the present study, human neonatal fibroblasts were isolated from a two-month-old human male. The purpose of the present investigation was the analysis of the morphology (light and transmission electron microscopy), karyotype and growth characteristics of the human neonatal fibroblast cell culture B-HNF-1. Moreover, STR typing and mitochondrial DNA amplification and sequencing was also performed. Analysis of chromosomes count showed that B-HNF-1 cell culture is diploid and has normal male karyotype 46, XY, which was stable during cultivation. The transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the ultra-structure of the B-HNF-1 cells; they have typical morphological features of proteosynthesis-active cells. Large number of fibroblasts bearing different shapes and surface characteristics ad...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of new steels is always a challenge for the manufacturer of filler metals. In many cases it is obvious that some properties of the base metal cannot be fulfilled with matching filler metals. In some cases, dissimilar filler metals can solve the problem in some cases, there is no chance to meet the requirements of the base metal (for example yield strengths of new ultra high strength steels). This paper deals with different kinds of new steels and the requirements for the weld metal with examples from motor car industry (Mangan Austenite), crane (Ultra high strength steels), earthmoving machinery (Wear-resistant steels) and offshore (Supermartensitic steels). Specific problems will be discussed and best solutions will be highlighted. These examples make clear that the success of new kinds of steels in the market depends on solving the joining problems of these steels. (Abstract Copyright [2007], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research highlights: {yields} The use of resonant photoemission in its 'core-hole clock' expression for the study of the dynamical charge transfer across hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces and for the intermolecular charge transfer in the bulk of organic thin films is reviewed. {yields} The electronic coupling to the substrate and the efficiency of charge transport across hybrid interfaces is different for individual electronic subsystems of the molecular adsorbate. {yields} The intermolecular charge transfer in the bulk of discotic liquid crystals occurs on the order of a few femtoseconds and is faster than expected from the macroscopic charge transport characteristics of the material. -- Abstract: The focus of this brief review is the use of resonant photoemission in its 'core-hole clock' expression for the study of two important problems relevant for the field of organic electronics: the dynamical charge transfer across hybrid organic-inorganic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A simple and rapid laser fluorometric determination of trace and ultra trace level of uranium in a wide variety of low uranium content materials like soil, basic and ultra basic rocks, plant ash, coal fly ash and red mud samples is described. Interference studies of some common major, minor and trace elements likely to be present in different geological materials on uranium fluorescence are studied using different fluorescence enhancing reagents like sodium pyrophosphate, orthophosphoric acid, penta sodium tri-polyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. The accurate determination of very low uranium content samples which are rich in iron, manganese and calcium, is possible only after the selective separation of uranium. Conditions suitable for the quantitative single step extraction of 25 ng to 20 #mu#g uranium with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and single step quantitative stripping with dilute neutral sodium pyrophosphate, which also acts as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A comprehensive understanding of dopant activation mechanisms in crystalline Si is required in order to form shallow junctions. In this paper, we will review several experimental assessments on boron clustering and novel methods to form shallow junctions. Boron marker-layer structures have been used to investigate the fundamental aspects of formation and ripening boron-interstitial clusters (BICs) and their influence on the associated transient enhanced diffusion (TED). The samples were damaged by Si implants at different doses in the sub-amorphizing range and annealed at high temperatures. We found that BICs act as a sink for interstitials at supersaturations values S(t)>10{sup 4}. This implies that silicon self-interstitial defects are the primary source of interstitials driving TED, and that BICs act as a secondary 'buffer' for the interstitial supersaturation. These clusters are less sensitive to the ripening process than pure interstitial clusters do, so ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid (Lipiodol) is widely applied in the transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). We studied signal intensity, the T1 relaxation time and the T2 relaxation time of Lipiodol itself using Siemens Magnetom H15-2 T (1.5 Tesla) and Magnetom M10 (1.0 Tesla). Lipiodol showed higher signal intensity than saline solution on the T1-weighted images (short TR, short TE technique in spin echo method). On the T2-weighted images (long TR, long TE technique in spin echo method), Lipiodol showed lower signal intensity than saline solution. The T1 relaxation time of Lipiodol, measured at 1.0 T, was 201 msec and 218 msec at 1.5 T. The T2 relaxation time of Lipiodol, measured at 1.0 T, was 127 msec; and 167 msec at 1.5 T. The signal intensity of Lipiodol at 1.0 T was higher than the intensity at 1.5 T. Shorter T1 relaxation time of Lipiodol at 1.0 T is probably responsible for the higher intensity at 1.0 T. When MRI is performed after TAE with Lipiodol, the signal ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The WEGA stellarator is used to confine low temperature, overdense (densities exceeding the cut-off density of the heating wave) plasmas by magnetic fields in the range of B=50-500 mT. Microwave heating systems are used to ignite gas discharges using hydrogen, helium, neon or argon as working gases. The produced plasmas have been analyzed using Langmuir and emissive probes, a single-channel interferometer and ultra-high resolution Doppler spectroscopy. For a typical argon discharge in the low field operation, B=56 mT, the maximum electron density is n{sub e}{proportional_to}10{sup 18} m{sup -3} with temperatures in the range of T=4-12 eV. The plasma parameters are determined by using Langmuir probes and are cross-checked with interferometry. It is demonstrated within this work that the joint use of emissive probes and ultra-high resolution Doppler spectroscopy allows a precise measurement of the radial electric field. The focus of this work is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To accomplish the environmental radiological surveillance need of India's ambitious nuclear power programme, Health Physics Division is infusing new technologies and improved analytical techniques for day to day measurements of various radionuclides in different environmental matrices. It is essential to have techniques for measuring the concentration of radionuclides just above the background level since the discharges from the nuclear facilities are very low i.e. in the range of 5-10% of the prescribed discharge limits by the regulatory bodies. In view of developing ultra-sensitive techniques, the aim of ongoing programmes of the division is to meet the challenges of measuring ultra trace level of radioactivity by adopting state of art new instrumentation and improved sample processing techniques. This will allow us to measure the lowest level of radioactivity (3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, 239+240Pu, etc.) in the environment and thereby estimating the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article discussed a project formed to develop innovative seismic imaging technologies. The Kaleidoscope project aims to accelerate the processing of seismic sound waves by several orders of magnitude using advanced computer-based techniques to reveal oil and gas deposits buried deep in the earth in a manner that is both cost-effective and efficient. It is expected that the technology will be used in deep water applications with massive untapped reserves. The seismic technology will be used to locate hydrocarbons and oil reserves buried 20,000 feet beneath the seabed. It is estimated that the Gulf of Mexico contains 56 billion barrels of oil equivalent worth nearly $6 trillion. However, the reserves are difficult to locate due to the interbedded salt bodies in the subsurface. The project is simultaneously working on both hardware and software applications, and are currently writing the first petascale set of seismic imaging applications. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The influence of small amounts of alloying elements (0.36% Cu and 0.47% Cr) on the semiconducting properties of passive films formed on weathering steels was investigated either in tetraborate/boric acid buffer solution (pH 9.2) or artificial atmospheric environment (SO_2-containing environment). The electrochemical behaviour was assessed by potentiodynamic polarisation, capacitance measurements and photoelectrochemistry. The chemical characterisation of the films was carried by Auger electron spectroscopy. The polarization results obtained in the buffer solution show that the addition of chromium decreases the passive current density. The capacitance results show that the films behave as an n-type semiconductor with shallow and deep donor levels situated in the forbidden gap. The presence of copper seems to affect the density of the shallow and of the deep donor levels in the forbidden gap, and as chromium, it also decreases the doping density ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The deep water parts of the Moere and Southern Voering Basins are large frontier areas, which are considered to contain significant undiscovered hydrocarbon resources, within Cretaceous and Paleogene reservoirs. PGS Reservoir AS have evaluated the Cretaceous and Paleogene successions of the shallow and deep water areas offshore Mid-Norway using high-resolution sequence stratigraphic techniques. The successions have been subdivided into about 20 stratigraphic sequences. The results are: (1) A more acurate and higher resolution stratigraphy, (2) Greater constraints on basin palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic reconstructions, (4) Fully integrated sandstone fairway models, with increased ability to reservoir and seal quality and continuity, (5) In addition to several obvious giant domal traps, subtler yet significant structural and stratigraphic leads and prospects can be identified, (6) The timing, volume and phase of hydrocarbon generation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal technique for delivering postoperative radiotherapy for vulvar cancer and other tumors requiring treatment of the inguinal nodes. This project compared tumor coverage and normal tissue sparing for the 5 main radiotherapy techniques that are used to treat vulvar cancer. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan was undesirable because it resulted in an excessive dose to portions of the central pelvic structures. The photon thunderbird with skin match was unacceptable because it underdosed a portion of the groin region. The electron thunderbird was ideal for thin patients but was not applicable for most patients because of excessive dose to the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The photon through-and-through and the photon thunderbird with deep match were acceptable in most situations. In thin patients, where the depth of the inguinal vessels is less than 3 cm, the electron thunderbird is the technique ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A cellular membrane exchanges substances into and from the cell and protects the cell interior by maintaining semi-fluidity rather than be being solid. It is known that microorganisms maintain the fluidity in correspondence with varying environmental temperatures by changing and adjusting the composition of fatty acids which constitute the cellular membrane lipids. As part of the studies to elucidate the pressure withstanding mechanism in deep-sea bacteria, this paper investigates what variations the fatty acid composition, which constitutes cellular membranes of the DSS12 strain, a pressure withstanding bacterium growing well under either normal pressure or high pressures, will show under different culturing temperatures and pressures. Culture under low temperatures and culture under high pressures increase content of unsaturated fatty acids including icosapentanoic acid. Culture under high temperatures or normal pressure increases content of such unsaturated ...

CERN Document Server

We present the results of a search for Extreme Ultraviolet emission in A4059, a cluster with an X-ray emitting cluster gas. Our analysis of Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) Deep Survey observations of this cluster shows that it is associated with diffuse EUV emission. Outside the central 2 arcmin radius the entire EUV emission detected is explained by the low energy tail of the X-ray emitting gas. Within the central 2 arcmin region of the cluster we find a deficit of EUV emission compared to that expected from the X-ray gas. This flux deficit is discussed in the context of the cluster's cooling flow. The results derived for A4059 are compared to EUVE results obtained for other clusters such as Coma, Virgo, A1795, and A2199. As part of the study we have carried out a detailed investigation of the stability of the EUVE Deep Survey detector background. Based on long integrations of blank sky over 27 months we disprove claims of substantial time ...

Science.gov (United States)

The dynamical factors controlling the mean state and variability of the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the associated cross-equatorial boundary layer flow are investigated using observations from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC2001) project. The tropical east Pacific exhibits a southerly boundary layer flow that terminates in the ITCZ. This flow is induced by the strong meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the region. Away from the equator and from deep convection, it is reasonably well described on a day-to-day basis by an extended Ekman balance model. Variability in the strength and northward extent of this flow is caused by variations in free-tropospheric pressure gradients that either reinforce or oppose the pressure gradient associated with the SST gradient. These free-tropospheric gradients are caused by easterly waves, tropical cyclones, and the Madden Julian oscillation.Convergence in the boundary ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The analytical treatment of the nonperturbative QCD dynamics is one of the main open questions of the strong interactions. Currently, it is only possible to get some qualitative information about this regime considering other QCD-like theories, as, for example, the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory, where one can perform calculations in the nonperturbative limit of large 't Hooft coupling using the anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT). Recently, the high energy scattering amplitude was calculated in the AdS/CFT approach, applied to deep-inelastic scattering and confronted with the F_2 HERA data. In this work we extend the nonperturbative AdS/CFT inspired model for diffractive processes and compare its predictions with a perturbative approach based on the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. We demonstrate that the AdS/CFT inspired model is not able to describe the current F_2"D"("3") HERA data and predicts a similar behavior to that from the Balitsky-Kovchegov ...

Science.gov (United States)

Experimental trials of autogenous deep penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 5.0 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser output power, welding velocity and defocusing distance on the morphology, welding depth and width as well as quality of the welded seam were investigated. Results show that full keyhole welding is not formed on both K418 and 42CrMo side, simultaneously, due to the relatively low output power. Partial fusion is observed on the welded seam near 42CrMo side because of the large disparity of thermal physical and high-temperature mechanical properties of these two materials. The microhardness of the laser-welded joint was also examined and analyzed. It is suggested that applying negative defocusing in the range of Raylei length can increase the welding depth and improve the coupling efficiency of the laser materials ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined. (MHR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Physicists are no strangers to Feynman diagrams, but the meaning of the diagrams is not always clear, even to those who have used them. That confusion has deep roots, as Kaiser clearly and convincingly explains. To Feynman himself, a diagram depicted an actual physical process in space-time, such as the exchange of photons that occurs when an electron and proton collide. However, he also saw it as shorthand for the contributions to the amplitude of a physical process made by the element of the process it depicted. The best part of this new book covers the early history, social history and 'conceptual history' of Feynman diagrams. Disagreements and criticisms aside, the book will be invaluable to historians and sociologists of physics interested in the growth of Feynman diagrams. (U.K.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A subsurface imaging system is utilized to test the ability of the spectral polarization difference imaging technique for deep subsurface imaging in tissues. The illumination of the system is derived from compact class III lasers in the red and NIR spectral region and, alternatively, from a white light source and selection of the appropriate illumination wavelength using band-pass optical filters. The experimental results demonstrate detection and imaging of a high-scattering object located up to 1.5 cm underneath the surface of a host chicken tissue.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility experiment E01-012 measured the 3He spin structure functions and virtual photon asymmetries in the resonance region in the momentum transfer range 1.0 < Q2 < 4.0 (GeV/c)2. Our date, when compared with existing deep inelastic scattering data, can be used to test quark-hadron duality in g1 and A1 for 3He and the neutron. Preliminary results for A{sub 1}{sup {sup 3}He} are presented, as well as some details about the experiment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The SRP Baseline Hydrogeologic Investigation was implemented for the purpose of updating and improving the knowledge and understanding of the hydrogeologic systems underlying the SRP site. Phase III, which is discussed in this report, includes the drilling of 7 deep coreholes (sites P-24 through P-30) and the installation of 53 observation wells ranging in depth from approximately 50 ft to more than 970 ft below the ground surface. In addition to the collection of geologic cores for lithologic and stratigraphic study, samples were also collected for the determination of physical characteristics of the sediments and for the identification of microorganisms.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Annual averages of the diurnal variation in cosmic ray intensity from neutron monitors in Deep River and Oulu and underground muon telescopes in Bolivia and at Embudo and Socorro, New Mexico, have been determined as a function of the sense of the interplantary magnetic field for the years 1965--1975. These data point to a cosmic ray density gradient, perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, pointing southward prior to 1969 and changing to a northward pointing gradient after the reversal of the sun's polar magnetic field in 1969--1971. This result supports numerical calculations for the prereversal and postreversal field configurations at intermediate and high cosmic ray rigidities.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Fifty patients scheduled to undergo IVF received a standard anesthetic of fentanyl and propofol for induction, followed by propofol infusion, with Bispectral index values and modified Ramsey sedation scores recorded at 5-minute intervals for the duration of anesthesia care. Moderate sedation was found only transiently during the first 5-10 minutes of the oocyte retrieval, but thereafter the level of sedation increased, with deep sedation and general anesthesia measured in all patients as determined by both the Bispectral index scores and lack of response to painful stimulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Convective losses arising from buoyancy driven flow were calculated for a two-dimensional model simulating a solar cavity receiver. The TEMPEST code, capable of fully three-dimensional coupled thermal-hydraulic transient calculations, was used for the simulation. Predicted velocity and temperature results for a 2.59 m deep by 2.88 m high rectangular cavity with an aperture opening of 1.72 m were used to determine convective losses for prescribed interior wall temperatures and cavity orientation. Velocity vector and temperature isotherm plots were used to analyze flow characteristics.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A Monte Carlo method called transient curve fitting method was developed to calculate a eigenvalues by first simulating the existing neutrons and precursors in the system, then calculating the Eigen-distribution of neutron flux and calculating the a eigenvalues using the transient results based on the Eigen-distribution by the code TMCC. The results of this method are tested by calculating Godiva Benchmark problems and they agree well with the benchmark results. Then the reasonable results of Subcritical Facility in Tsinghua University are given by TMCC, and the results are compared with the experimental results measured by Rossi-a method. Even in the deep subcritical cases, the method can give results consistent with experimental results. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this project we developed photonic crystal modeling capability and fabrication technology that is scaleable to large area. An intelligent optimization code was developed to find the optimal structure for the desired spectral response. In terms of fabrication, an exhaustive survey of fabrication techniques that would meet the large area requirement was reduced to Deep X-ray Lithography (DXRL) and nano-imprint. Using DXRL, we fabricated a gold logpile photonic crystal in the <100> plane. For the nano-imprint technique, we fabricated a cubic array of gold squares. These two examples also represent two classes of metallic photonic crystal topologies, the connected network and cermet arrangement.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A carbon nanotube (CNT) tip, which assembled on the sharp end of a Si tip by dielectrophoresis, was structurally modified using focused ion beam (FIB). We described the imaging characterization of the FIB-modified CNT tip in noncontact AFM mode in terms of wear, deep trench accessibility, and imaging resolution. Compared to a conventional Si tip, the FIB-modified CNT tip was superior, especially for prolonged scanning over 10 h. We conclude that modified CNT tips have the potential to obtain high-quality images of nanoscale structures.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In a supercritical water-cooled reactor, property of water changes significantly around the critical point. It is expected that irradiation and change of water property will affect the chemistry and material corrosion. Deep understanding of interactions between supercritical water and materials under irradiation is important. However, comprehensive data on radiolysis, kinetics, corrosion and thermodynamics have not been obtained due to the severe experimental condition. To get such data by experiments and computer simulations, a national program funded by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has been started since December 2002. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A clear and reproducible transition to a regime with an improved particle confinement is routinely observed on the CASTOR tokamak, if the biasing electrode is inserted deep enough into the plasma (r/a?0.5) and biased up to +250 V. The steepening of the radial profiles of the plasma density and potential demonstrate the formation of a transport barrier just inside the last closed flux surface. Fast relaxations of the edge plasma parameters, with a frequency of about 10 kHz, are observed when the average radial electric field within the barrier prevails values of about 20 kV/m. A detailed analysis of the spatial-temporal behaviour of these relaxations is presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Optimal neutron energy for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been studied. Epithermal neutron is superior to thermal neutrons in treating deep-seated tumors. Design of the epithermal neutron column for BNCT has been performed by using a two-dimensional transport calculation code. Aluminum and heavy water are used as moderation materials. A thermal neutron column is also designed using heavy water as thermalization material. The configuration of the facility for treatment and research of BNCT and also for basic radio-biological studies of neutrons has been presented.

Science.gov (United States)

Using near-field optical microscopy, the authors investigate propagation of channel plasmon polaritons excited in the wavelength range of 1425-1640 nm along smoothly bent and split V-shaped grooves milled in a gold film. We find that for 0.6-?m-wide and 1.1-?m-deep grooves bent with the smallest curvature radius of ?0.83 ?m, the double bend (for S bends) and splitting (for Y splitters) losses decrease for longer wavelengths approaching (in the wavelength range of 1600-1640 nm) the levels of ~0 and 0.5 dB, respectively.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined. (MHR)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A large acceptance, high stopping power Bragg curve spectrometer has been developed for use in coincidence experiments with heavy ions. The electron collection fields are radial and position information is obtained from a resistive anode. The detector is 60 cm deep and operates at pressures of up to 2.5 atm of P-10 gas. It is mated to a scattering chamber which allows it to be moved out of plane during coincidence measurements. Factors affecting the performance of the detector are discussed, and results obtained with the detector are presented. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The long-term aim of our research is to develop humidification-dehumidification desalination technology for farms in arid coastal regions that are suffering from salt-infected soils and shortages of potable groundwater. The specific aim of our current study was to determine the influence of greenhouse-related parameters on a process, called Seawater Greenhouse, which combines fresh water production with growth of crops in a greenhouse system. A thermodynamic model was used based on heat and mass balances. The dimension of the greenhouse had the greatest overall effect on the water production and energy consumption. A wide shallow greenhouse, 200 m wide by 50 m deep gave 125 m{sup 3} d{sup -1} of fresh water. This was greater than a factor of two compared to the worst-case scenario with the same area (50 m wide by 200 m deep), which gave 58 m{sup 3} d{sup -1}. Low power consumption went hand-in-hand with high efficiency. The wide shallow ...

Science.gov (United States)

The first sediments to onlap the metamorphosed Precambrian Arabian shield were Infracambrian (Proterozoic) to Middle Cambrian carbonates, clastics, and evaporites. The oldest Arabian reservoir rocks occur in the Precambrian to lower Paleozoic Era Salt of the Huqf Group, which forms the Birba field of Oman. The Middle Cambrian sequence was followed by Late Cambrian through Early Permian marine sandstones and continental to littoral siltstones and variegated shales. The first commercial oil discovered in the Arabian Gulf region occurs in fluvial sands of the Ordovician to Permian Haima and Haushi Groups of the Marmul field in south Oman. These strata are also productive in other fields and are sealed by unconformable contact with the Al Khlata Formation or beneath shale of the Albian Nahr Umr Formation. The deeply buried kerogen sediments of the Huqf Group to the southeast are believed to be the source rocks for these fields of south Oman. The Late Permian to Triassic deposits of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report covers the period from October 1, 1992 to March 1, 1993. The overall goals of the program task are to provide a final synthesis of six deep seismic reflection profiles and other geological and geophysical data from the southern Washington Cascades region where a probable extensive deep sedimentary basin has been discovered. This deep sedimentary basin is hypothesized from geological, regional magnetotelluric (MT), gravity, magnetic , and seismic reflection data as described in the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) article by Stanley and others (1992). This report analyzed three seismic reflection profiles acquired by the Morgantown Energy Technology Centers in combination with the extensive MT and other data to outline a probable geological model for a thick conductive section of rocks in the southern Washington Cascades (called the Southern Washington Cascades conductor, SWCC). Earlier MT ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Early in the Cold War, the United States adopted a policy of ''extended nuclear deterrence'' to protect its allies by threatening a nuclear strike against any state that attacks these allies. This threat can (in principle) be used to try to deter an enemy attack using conventional weapons or one using nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons. The credibility of a nuclear threat has long been subject to debate and is dependent on many complex geopolitical factors, not the least of which is the military capabilities of the opposing sides. The ending of the Cold War has led to a significant decrease in the number of strategic nuclear weapons deployed by the United States and Russia. START II, which was recently ratified by the Russian Duma, will (if implemented) reduce the number deployed strategic nuclear weapons on each side to 3500, compared to a level of over 11,000 at the end of the Cold War in 1991. The tentative limit established by Presidents ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oxide superconducting thin films were irradiated with X-rays and ultra-violet (UV) light, and induced radiation effects on electrical and chemical properties were examined by transport measurement, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), diamagnetization measurement and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). After irradiation for ErBa_2Cu_3O_x films with X-rays emitted from a Rh tube for 100 hours, superconductivity was remarkably damaged, destroying the zero-resistance state. The UV-light irradiation for Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_x films was performed in He gas of about 500 Pa with a low pressure mercury lamp. The superconductivity was gradually degraded with the UV irradiation time up to 70 minutes. In both cases, adequate oxygen-annealing treatments restored superconductivity. The X-ray photoemission spectra showed that the mean Cu valence of the films was decreased approximately from +2 to +1 by the irradiation. From these results we can find that irradiation with the X-ray ...

CERN Document Server

The WIDeField telescope for Gamma-ray burst Early Timing (WIDGET) is used for a fully automated, ultra-wide-field survey aimed at detecting the prompt optical emission associated with Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). WIDGET surveys the HETE-2 and Swift/BAT pointing directions covering a total field of view of 62 degree x 62 degree every 10 secounds using an unfiltered system. This monitoring survey allows exploration of the optical emission before the gamma-ray trigger. The unfiltered magnitude is well converted to the SDSS r' system at a 0.1 mag level. Since 2004, WIDGET has made a total of ten simultaneous and one pre-trigger GRB observations. The efficiency of synchronized observation with HETE-2 is four times better than that of Swift. There has been no bright optical emission similar to that from GRB 080319B. The statistical analysis implies that GRB080319B is a rare event. This paper summarizes the design and operation of the WIDGET system and the simultaneous GRB ...

CERN Document Server

It is widely accepted that the prompt transient signal in the 10 keV - 10 GeV band from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arises from multiple shocks internal to the ultra-relativistic expansion. The detailed understanding of the dissipation and accompanying acceleration at these shocks is a currently topical subject. This paper explores the relationship between GRB prompt emission spectra and the electron (or ion) acceleration properties at the relativistic shocks that pertain to GRB models. The focus is on the array of possible high-energy power-law indices in accelerated populations, highlighting how spectra above 1 MeV can probe the field obliquity in GRB internal shocks, and the character of hydromagnetic turbulence in their environs. It is emphasized that diffusive shock acceleration theory generates no canonical spectrum at relativistic MHD discontinuities. This diversity is commensurate with the significant range of spectral indices discerned in prompt burst ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 2-stage cold (non-tritium) PMR system was tested with the ITER mix in61 days of continuous operation. No decrease in performance was observed over the duration of the test. Decontamination factor (DF) was found to increase with decreasing inlet rate. Decontamination factors in excess of 1.4 {times} 10{sup 5} were obtained, but the exact value of the highest DF could not be determined because of analysis limitations. Results of the 61-day test were used to design a 2-stage PMR system for use in tritium testing. The PMR system was scaled up by a factor of 6 and built into a glovebox in the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This system is approximately 1/5th of the expected full ITER scale. The ITER mix was injected into the PMR system for 31 hours, during which 4.5 g of tritium were processed. The 1st stage had DF = 200 and the 2nd stage had DF = 2.9 {times} 10{sup 6}. The overall DF = 5.8 {times} 10{sup 8}, which is greater than ITER ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The B-Factory which is constructed by National Laboratory for High Energy Physics is the device for elucidating the breakdown of symmetry of matter and antimatter by studying the behavior of B mesons which are generated in large quantity when the electrons and the positrons which are accelerated to light velocity level are collided. In order to maintain electron beam-positron beam bunch circling the ring at light velocity stably, the instability of the coupled bunch must be overcome. For this purpose, the ultrahigh speed beam position digital feedback control system was developed. This system is composed of the high speed input-output substrate using GaAs LSI, the feedback computation substrate using complementary metal oxide semiconductor and the memory mounted on it, and the real time operation device. The development of both substrates and their functions are explained. The real time data collection and the change of computation parameters for specific bunch in the real time ...

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english Frontal weapon is the term used to designate the apparatus consisting of frontal gland and associated structures that participate in the chemical defense of termite soldiers. The ultra structure of the frontal gland and the scanning microscopy of the soldier head was investigated in the termite Amiitermes euamignathus Silvestri, 1901.Campaniform sensilla was not observed but there were 80 to100 sensory bristles around the frontal pore. The glandular epithelium shows only (more) class 1 cells according 10 the classification of NOIROT & QUENNEDEY (1974, 1991). The glandular cells are characterized by apical microvilli, a basal labyrinth and a large quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which forms dense zones throughout the cytoplasm. The secretion is concentrated mainly in the basal pole of the cell and consists of large lipid droplets. The secretory epithelium is covered by a thick apical cuticle composed of a thin outer epicuticle, a ...

CERN Document Server

We analyse how the structure of the inner curst is influenced by the pairing correlations. The inner-crust matter, formed by nuclear clusters immersed in a superfluid neutron gas and ultra-relativistic electrons, is treated in the Wigner-Seitz approximation. The properties of the Wigner-Seitz cells, i.e., their neutron to proton ratio and their radius at a given baryonic density, are obtained from the energy minimization at beta equilibrium. To obtain the binding energy of baryonic matter we perform Skyrme-HFB calculations with zero-range density-dependent pairing forces of various intensities. We find that the Wigner-Seitz cells have much smaller numbers of protons compared to previous calculations. For the dense cells the binding energy of the configurations with small proton numbers do not converge to a well-defined minimum value which precludes the determination of their structure. We show that for these cells there is a significant underestimation of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study, the effects of 325nm wavelength ultraviolet light irradiation on pitting corrosion behavior of type 340 stainless steel in a neutral chloride solution are studied. Further, the change of passive film with the light irradiation is analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mains results obtained therefrom are stated below. Pitting potential can be shifted in noble direction by the ultraviolet light irradiation. The effect of ultraviolet light irradiation is ore prominent in the pitting corrosion process than that in the passive film formation. The result of the analysis in terms of the birth and death stochastic probability process shows that pitting corrosion rate is decreased remarkably by the ultraviolet light irradiation at the formation of passive film, while the repassivation is slightly expedited by the ultraviolet light irradiation. On the other hand, the repassivation rate is increased a little by the ultraviolet light irradiation during the pitting ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report the direct molecular dynamics simulations for molecular ball bearings composed of fullerene molecules (C{sub 60} and C{sub 20}) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The comparison of friction levels indicates that fullerene ball bearings have extremely low friction (with minimal frictional forces of 5.283 x 10{sup -7} and 6.768 x 10{sup -7} nN/atom for C{sub 60} and C{sub 20} bearings) and energy dissipation (lowest dissipation per cycle of 0.013 and 0.016 meV/atom for C{sub 60} and C{sub 20} bearings). A single fullerene inside the ball bearings exhibits various motion statuses of mixed translation and rotation. The influences of the shaft's distortion on the long-ranged potential energy and normal force are discussed. The phonic dissipation mechanism leads to a non-monotonic function between the friction and the load rate for the molecular bearings.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies are made on coal in terms of its effective utilization, coal cleaning, fluidization and production of new fuel, and issues globally raised. Coal is abundant in reserves and high in supply stability and economic efficiency. However, it is much in CO2 emission per calorific value. To control as much CO2 emission as possible, effective utilization such as increasing of power generation efficiency has been proceeded with. In addition to ultra supercritical pressure and fluidized bed combustion, cited are coal gasification combined cycle power generation and high temperature type fuel cell. Coal has 5-20% ash and impurities like sulfur/nitrogen. Coal should be used clean by pollution abatement measures such as dust collecting, desulfurization and denitrification. Japan is at a world top level of these technologies. Coal is solid, and therefore, is more difficult to handle than liquid fuel. To use it easily, coal is liquefied into slurry such as COM and CWM, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research and development has been performed on photochromic materials expected to be used in ultra-high density recording, high resolution indication and photoswitches. With regard to molecular orientation in the ternary system mixed LB film, the result of structural analysis by XPM spectrum revealed that the acceptor constituent in the LB film is so structured that it is separated and laminated with two other constituents, and that the sensitizer constituent and the donor constituent are not recognized of being separated definitely. Regarding the electron movement reaction in the solid phase system, a photo-current measuring experiment was carried out on the laminated film which is vacuum-deposited with the ternary system comprising of the donor, sensitizer, and acceptor. It was concluded that the observed photo-current reflects the electron movement reaction in the solid phase as it is. For the photo-current in the LB film, increase in the photo-current was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 380 MW combined cycle gas turbine power station in Peterborough changed its water supply from town mains to high purity reverse osmosis permeate in October 2000. The high purity water is produced from secondary treated sewage effluent using advanced membrane technology. Alpheus Environmental and British Gas staff have recently completed a study of the power station's demineralization plant to identify the differences in operating costs associated with the change in feedwater. The results show that the ultrapure water produced after the change to a high purity feed is of improved quality and that the demineralization plant regeneration operating costs have been reduced by over 90%. The demineralization plant availability has increased from 78 to 98% enabling almost 20% more ultra pure water to be produced. The change in feedwater has also improved the local environment by significantly reducing the amount of waste chemicals discharged from the site. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The 10.3-h "1"6"5Er, decaying by electron capture to stable "1"6"5Ho, offers an excellent promise for use in diagnostic nuclear medicine, especially in conjuction with multiwire proportional-counter cameras. Using an ultra-high-resolution Si(Li) photon spectrometer, L and K x-ray photon yields in "1"6"5Er decay have been measured. The ratio P/sub L//P/sub K/ of electron-capture probabilities in L and K shells is determined to be 0.196 +- 0.030, in good agreement with theory. Estimates of Auger electron yields and yields of very-low-energy electrons from Coster--Kronig transitions are presented. Levels of "1"6"9Er and "1"7"1Er radioactive impurities in the reactor-produced "1"6"5Er sample are experimentally determined. Whole-body dose estimates for "1"6"5Er are given. These compare favorably with "9"9Tc dose.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper discussed the potential of biofuels with particular reference to the situation in Germany and Europe. Emphasis was on technical potential, such as biofuel production, utilization and environmental aspects. The Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering ran vTI emission tests on diesel engines to evaluate the environmental impacts of biofuels. This testing facility is able to drive heavy-duty diesel engines in both stationary and dynamic test cycles, such as the European ESC and ETC. Additional analyses were conducted to determine the fine and ultra-fine particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aldehydes, ketones, and the usual regulated exhaust gas compounds. Ames tests were conducted to assess the mutagenic potential of tailpipe emissions. Previous study results showed that neat vegetable oils can render the exhaust high in mutagenic potency. Some of the non-regulated exhaust gas compounds were found to vary nonlinearly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ability to monitor the corrosion degradation of key components in fossil fuel power plants is of utmost importance for Futuregen and ultra-supercritical power plants. Fireside corrosion occurs in the high temperature sections of energy production facilities due to a number of factors: ash deposition, coal composition, thermal gradients, and low NOx conditions, among others. Problems occur when equipment designed for either oxidizing or reducing conditions is exposed to alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions. This can happen especially near the burners. The use of low NOx burners is becoming more commonplace and can produce reducing environments that accelerate corrosion. One method of addressing corrosion of these surfaces is the use of corrosion probes to monitor when process changes cause corrosive conditions. In such a case, corrosion rate could become a process control variable that directs the operation of a coal combustion or coal gasification ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We present an atomistic simulation of the Ostwald ripening of extrinsic defects (clusters, #left brace#1 1 3#right brace#s and dislocation loops) which occurs during annealing of ion implanted silicon. The model describes the capture and emission of Si interstitial atoms to and from extrinsic defects of sizes up to thousands of atoms and includes a loss term due to the flux of interstitials to the recombining surface. Key input parameters of the simulation are the variations of the formation energy and of the capture efficiency with the size of the different defects. This model shows that the kinetics of the well-known dissolution of #left brace#1 1 3#right brace# defects is only driven by the recombination efficiency at the surface and the distance from the defects to the sample surface. We have subsequently used this model to study defect evolution in low and ultra low energy (ULE) B implanted Si during annealing. Defect dissolution occurs earlier and at smaller ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ultra fine tungsten carbide and cobalt powders were milled by high energy planetary ball mill at different ball to powder weight ratios (BPR) to produce particles of WC-10wt%Co hard metal in nanometer scale size. Microstructural characterizations by TEM show that the particle size of tungsten carbide was achieved to 32nm after milling at 15 BPR during 10h. In order to reduce the WC grain growth during the sintering process, tantalum carbide was added to the hard metal as a WC grain growth inhibitor. The nano hard metal powders were compacted at 200MPa pressure and sintered at 1370-1450degreeC temperatures in a high purity hydrogen atmosphere. The results show that the addition of 0.6wt% of TaC improves the hardness and fracture toughness from 1493 HV30 and 11.8MPam (for TaC free sample) to...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fe-Ni-Mn martensitic steels are one of the major groups of ultra-high strength steels that have good mechanical properties and ductility in as annealed condition but they suffer from severe inter-granular embitterment after aging. In this paper, the effect of heavy shaped cold rolling and wire drawing on the mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn steel was investigated. This process could provide a large strain deformation in this alloy. The total strain was {epsilon} {approx}7. Aging behavior and tensile properties of Fe-10Ni-7Mn were studied after aging at 753 K. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength and ductility after cold rolling, wire drawing and aging increased up to 2540 MPa and 7.1 %, respectively, while the conventional steels show a premature fracture stress of 830 MPa with about zero ductility after aging.

CERN Document Server

Of the many ways of detecting high redshift galaxies, the selection of objects due to their redshifted Ly-alpha emission has become one of the most successful. But what types of galaxies are selected in this way? Until recently, Ly-alpha emitters were understood to be small star-forming galaxies, possible building-blocks of larger galaxies. But with increased number of observations of Ly-alpha emitters at lower redshifts, a new picture emerges. Ly-alpha emitters display strong evolution in their properties from higher to lower redshift. It has previously been shown that the fraction of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) among the Ly-alpha emitters increases dramatically between redshift three and two. Here, the fraction of AGN among the LAEs is shown to follow a similar evolutionary path. We argue that Ly-alpha emitters are not a homogeneous class of objects, and that the objects selected with this method reflect the general star forming and active galaxy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The detection limit of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), about a few microgram per kg, is not sufficient to determine iridium concentrations in most geological samples. Use of the coincidence counting of the 316 and 468 keV gamma-rays emitted during the decay of {sup 192}Ir, improved the sensitivity (0.01 microgram per kg). The high iridium content of the clay layers from the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition (KTB) has been considered as an evidence of the extra-terrestrial origin of the KTB mass extinction. However some results indicate that a significant part of the iridium content in sediments has a volcanic origin. Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis (RNAA) in some KTB samples and in basic and ultra-basic rocks show that, unlike in volcanic products, no PGE (platinoids) fractionation appears in KTB samples. The nearby chondritic PGE pattern supports an extra-terrestrial origin for the KTB iridium anomaly. 2 figs., 2 tabs., 37 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate targeted infill and extension drilling opportunities, better determinations of oil-in- place, methods for improved completion efficiency and the suitability of waterflooding in certain shallow-shelf carbonate reservoirs in the Williston Basin, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota. Improved reservoir characterization utilizing 3-dimensional and multi-component seismic area is being investigated for identification of structural and stratigraphic reservoir compartments. These seismic characterization tools are integrated with geological and engineering studies. Improved completion efficiency is being tested with extended- reach jetting lance and other ultra-short radius lateral technologies. Improved completion efficiency, additional wells at closer spacings better estimates of oil-in-place will result in additional oil production by primary and enhanced recovery processes. Technical progress is described for field ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boron is implanted in crystalline silicon through oxide layers with different thicknesses. The implantation is carried out at various doses and energies of interest in ultra large scale integration (ULSI) application. Rapid thermal annealings (RTA) are used to obtain shallow junctions and electrical activation of the B atoms. However, transient enhanced diffusion induced by implantation damage can be observed. The boron concentration profiles before and after annealing are obtained with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). It is found that the diffusion transient in the tail region of the boron profile increases with decreasing oxide thickness. Even more, if the implantation damage concerns mostly the oxide, i.e. when the concentration peak is located in this oxide, the oxygen knocked into the silicon substrate could play this way an important role in restricting the boron diffusion, which is good to obtain very shallow junctions. On the other hand, for thinner ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new organic-inorganic hybrid membrane has been prepared with exceptional performance in dewatering applications. The only precursor used in the sol-gel synthesis of the selective layer was organically linked 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE). The microporous structure of this layer enables selective molecular sieving of small molecules from larger ones. In the dehydration of n-butanol with 5% of water, the membrane shows a high separation factor of over 4000 and ultra-fast water transport at a rate of more than 20 kg m{sup -2} h{sup -1} at 150C. This can be related to the high adsorption capacity of the material and the sub-micron thickness of the selective layer. The selectivity has now remained constant over almost one and a half years under continuous process testing conditions. Apart from the hydrothermal stability, the membrane exhibits a high tolerance for acid contamination. A slow performance decline in flux and separation factor is only observed at a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The global production of steel is predicted to increase rapidly to meet future demands. In order to conserve the natural resources, certain measures must be taken. These include perfecting the recycling of steel, improving the performance to extend the life of the material, and reduce the need for massive production of steel by increasing the strength of the material. This paper presented a design concept for ultrafine complex microstructure steel. The National Research Institute for Metals in Japan has worked on a project which investigated 800 MPa ferrite steel for welded structures with a chemical composition similar to 400 MPa-class plain carbon steel. The doubled strength was attributed to grain refinement. Novel welding techniques were also used for joining the ultrafine microstructure. In this study, low carbon Si-Mn ferrite-pearlite steels were subjected to a thermo-mechanical treatment to produce a microstructure of 1 micron order ultrafine grain ferrite plus finely dispersed ...

CERN Document Server

Present and future ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray facilities (e.g., the Pierre Auger Observatory with South and North components) and TeV-gamma-ray telescope arrays (e.g., HESS/VERITAS and CTA) have the potential to set stringent indirect bounds on the nine Lorentz-violating parameters of nonbirefringent modified Maxwell theory minimally coupled to standard Dirac theory. Theoretically, the most interesting case is isotropic Lorentz violation, which is described by a single parameter [taken to vanish for the case of the standard Lorentz-invariant theory]. It appears possible to obtain in the future an upper (lower) indirect bound on this single isotropic Lorentz-violating parameter at the +10^{-21} (-10^{-17}) level. Comparison is made with existing and future direct bounds from laboratory experiments. The possible physics implications of upper bounds at the 10^{-21} level are also briefly discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graphite fluoride (CF{sub x}) is investigated as an additive for WS{sub 2} thin films to reduce its sensitivity to moisture. The films are grown onto hardened 440C stainless steel disks by pulsed laser deposition using the 248 nm line from an excimer laser. Substrate temperature and additive concentration are varied to control film chemistry and crystal structure. The effect of relative humidity (i.e., < 1 to 85% RH) on friction is evaluated. Coatings grown at RT from targets with a low concentration of CF{sub x} exhibit ultra-low friction (ULF) behavior in dry air (i.e., {mu} {<=} 0.01), but friction increases with RH. Mechanisms for the ULF behavior are proposed which suggest that further reductions in friction are possible. Films grown at 300 C or with higher concentrations of CF{sub x} are relatively insensitive to humidity, but have more typical friction coefficients ({mu} {<=} 0.04) in dry air. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have researched several new focused ion beam (FIB) micro-fabrication techniques that offer control of feature shape and the ability to accurately define features onto nonplanar substrates. These FIB-based processes are considered useful for prototyping, reverse engineering, and small-lot manufacturing. Ion beam-based techniques have been developed for defining features in miniature, nonplanar substrates. We demonstrate helices in cylindrical substrates having diameters from 100 {micro}m to 3 mm. Ion beam lathe processes sputter-define 10-{micro}m wide features in cylindrical substrates and tubes. For larger substrates, we combine focused ion beam milling with ultra-precision lathe turning techniques to accurately define 25-100 {micro}m features over many meters of path length. In several cases, we combine the feature defining capability of focused ion beam bombardment with additive techniques such as evaporation, sputter deposition and electroplating in order to ...