Abstract in english In recent years all over the world, medicinal plants are used quite a lot but side effects of biological and chemical contents and radiopharmaceutical interactions for each consumer in question aren't entirely well-known. The studies of plant origin drug interaction with radiopharmaceuticals are highly relevant and desired. One of them is passiflora syrup (Passiflora incarnata L., Passifloraceae) which is widely used for depression, insomnia, anxiety and menopause period. (more) The aim of current study is to evaluate possible effects of passiflora syrup on the biodistribution of 99mTc-DTPA and its blood cells uptake. DTPA was labeled with 99mTc radionuclide. Biodistribution studies were performed on male Wistar albino rats which were treated via oral feeding-gavage-method with either passiflora syrup or 0.9 % NaCl as control group for ten days. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac blood withdrawal from the rats and they were radiolabeled. The biodistribution results showed that the passiflora syrup decreased the uptake of 99mTc-DTPA in kidneys and in blood cells. 99mTc-DTPA being used widely as a kidney diagnostic agent in nuclear medicine seems to be interacting with orally taken passiflora. Passiflora syrup may modify the uptake of 99mTc-DTPA by kidney. The knowledge of this negative effect may contribute to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and/or repetition of the examinations in nuclear medicine.

Warm days, cold nights, melting snow-signs winter is waning and spring is nearing. Though winter may just be getting started in some areas, it's always fun to appreciate the good things about winter, including the special time at the end of winter in New England known as "sugaring time." The sap starts flowing in the sugar maples, and the process of turning sap into syrup begins. These "sugaring time" investigations will connect a familiar product, maple syrup, with properties of matter and can be adapted to introduce or further develop an understanding of this topic.

AIMS—To assess the subretinal fluid (SRF) levels of ofloxacin following topical, oral or combined administration.?METHODS—31 patients undergoing conventional retinal reattachment surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Nine patients received topical ofloxacin, 11 patients received oral oflox...

Abstract Objectives: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is popular as an alternative medicine in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). A concoction of five herbs in a capsular preparation has been confirmed to be efficacious in improving the quality of life and sparing topical corticosteroid usage. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the same concoction in syrup form. Methods: This was a prospective self-controlled trial set in the pediatric dermatology clinic of a teaching hospital. Children aged 4-7 years with moderate-to-severe AD received 20 ml of TCM syrup daily. Clinical parameters and laboratory markers were measured before and at 2 weeks, 7 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment, and at 4 weeks after completion. Disease severity was evaluated by the SCORing Atopic Derma...

... Recent literature OMIM Genetic disorder catalog Genetic Conditions > Maple syrup urine disease On this page: Description Genetic ... names Glossary definitions Reviewed December 2008 What is maple syrup urine disease? Maple syrup urine disease is ...

AIMS—To investigate the subretinal fluid (SRF) penetration of ciprofloxacin following topical, oral, and combined administration.?METHODS—34 patients undergoing conventional retinal reattachment surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Twelve patients received topical ciprofloxacin, 11 patien...

The potential and economics of ethanol production from biomass is examined. Among the topics covered are: the Brazilian gasohol program; the effect of large scale conversion of grain to alcohol on U.S. food and animal feed prices; the Ex-Ferm process for fermenting sugar cane; the effect on cane sugar markets of the large-scale development in the U.S. of high fructose corn syrup; and better utilization of by-products. Significant breakthroughs which have recently taken place and which will improve the economic picture for making alcohol from solid waste are reviewed. (Refs. 26).

Fast-dissolving drug-delivery systems were first developed in the late 1970s as an alternative to tablets, capsules, and syrups for pediatric and geriatric patients who experience difficulties swallowing traditional oral solid dosage forms. In response to this need, a variety of orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formats were commercialized, which disintegrate within 1 min when placed in the mouth without drinking water or chewing. Oral drug delivery technology has improved from simple conventional dosage forms to modified release dosage forms to oral disintegrating tablet to the recent development of oral disintegrating films (ODF). Oral disintegrating film or strip that employs a water dissolving polymer which allows the dosage form to quickly hydrate by saliva, adhere to mucosa, and disintegrate within a few seconds, dissolves and release medication for oromucosal absorption when placed on the tongue or oral cavity. Oral strip technology provides an alternate route for drugs with first pass metabolism. This review give details of materials used in ODF, manufacturing aspects, technologies, evaluation tests and marketed products. PMID:22920576

A polymer syrup for encapsulating solar cell assemblies. The syrup includes uncrosslinked poly(n-butyl)acrylate dissolved in n-butyl acrylate monomer. Preparation of the poly(n-butyl)acrylate and preparation of the polymer syrup is disclosed. Methods for applying the polymer syrup to solar cell assemblies as an encapsulating pottant are described. Also included is a method for solar cell construction utilizing the polymer syrup as a dual purpose adhesive and encapsulating material.

Summary What is known and Objective:- Medline search disclosed 10 case reports of interactions between oral anticoagulants and miconazole oral gel, but none so far between nystatin solution and anticoagulants. We report on change in anticoagulant activity with use of different topical antifungal drugs, miconazole oral gel and vaginal suppositories, and nystatin solution. Methods:- We conducted a retrospective study that included 43 patients on stable anticoagulation before the introduction of topical antifungal drugs. Miconazole oral gel was prescribed for 32 patients, nystatin solution for eight patients and miconazole vaginal suppositories for three patients. Results and Discussion:- Nineteen (442%) of the patients reported bleeding complications and some of these were severe. Fifteen of...

Place these materials (maple syrup, milk, peanut butter, frozen yogurt) in the correct position for their relative viscosity. What is at position #B? a. frozen yogurt b. milk c. peanut butter d. maple syrup

INTRODUCTION: Topical immunomodulating preparations have utility in inflammatory/immune-mediated oral mucosal disease resistant to topical steroids, in immunologically mediated systemic disease with primary oral involvement or more severe lesions primarily involving the oral mucosa. AREAS COVERED: This paper is the second part of a systematic review of a variety of topical immunomodulators for management of immune/inflammatory oral mucosal conditions. The literature search revealed studies of azathioprine, benzydamine, GM-CSF and G-CSF, tetracyclines, retinoids, imiquimod, amlexanox, sirolimus and bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid. Weighted conclusions are provided for the topical use of each of the immunomodulators reviewed in the management of these oral diseases. EXPERT OPINION: Topical immunomodulators may be useful as second line treatment in several oral diseases, particularly oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Benzydamine was found to be preventive in radiotherapy-induced mucositis; however, it is unclear if this outcome is related to its immunomodulating effects or other mechanisms of action. Topical application of tetracyclines and retinoic acid also shows potential anti-inflammatory actions. PMID:21244328

Melperone is an atypical antipsychotic agent that has shown a wide spectrum of neuroleptic properties, particularly effective in the treatment of senile dementia and Parkinson's-associated psychosis, and is marketed in Europe as an immediate-release (IR) tablet and syrup. An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) dosage form would be advantageous for patients who experience difficulty in swallowing large tablets or capsules or those who experience dysphagia. Controlled-release (CR) capsule and ODT formulations containing melperone HCl were developed with target in vitro release profiles suitable for a once-daily dosing regimen. Both dosage forms allow for the convenient production of dose-proportional multiple strengths. Two ODT formulations exhibiting fast and medium release profiles and one medium release profile capsule formulation (each 50?mg) were tested in vivo using IR syrup as the reference. The two medium release formulations were shown to be bioequivalent to each other and are suitable for once-daily dosing. Based on the analytical and organoleptic test results, as well as the blend uniformity and in-process compression data at various compression forces using coated beads produced at one-tenth (1/10) commercial scale, both formulations in the form of CR capsules and CR ODTs have shown suitability for progression into further clinical development. PMID:22356215

... MouthHealthy > A-Z Topics > S > Smoking and Tobacco Share Smoking and Tobacco You know smoking is bad for ... the beginning. Other possible oral health impacts of smoking and all tobacco products include: stained teeth and ...

... the immune system, such as cyclosporine • Treating the skin with ultraviolet light after having giving the patient a special oral medication Sometimes topical medications that cause an allergic reaction in the skin may be applied. These medications can jump start ...

Air injection (AI) is a maple sap processing technology reported to increase the efficiency of maple syrup production by increasing production of more economically valuable light-colored maple syrup, and reducing development of loose scale mineral precipitates in syrup, and scale deposits on evapora...

ContextSystemic opioids for painful chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in children often result in unsatisfactory pain relief and a high frequency of side effects. Opioids applied topically can produce analgesia by binding to opioid receptors on peripheral terminals of sensory neurons. These receptors are upregulated during inflammation, for example, in oral mucositis. ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate the dose-response relationship (n=7) and the potential absorption of topical morphine (n=5) across oral mucosa in children with oral mucositis. MethodsThe dose-response study was conducted according to a sequential study design (Dixons Up-and-Down method) for topical morphine doses of 0.025-0.400mg/kg, with the decrease in oral pain score as the primary outcome. To assess...

Melperone is an atypical antipsychotic agent that has shown a wide spectrum of neuroleptic properties, particularly effective in the treatment of senile dementia and Parkinson's-associated psychosis, and is marketed in Europe as an immediate-release (IR) tablet and syrup. An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) dosage form would be advantageous for patients who experience difficulty in swallowing large tablets or capsules or those who experience dysphagia. Controlled-release (CR) capsule and ODT formulations containing melperone HCl were developed with target in vitro release profiles suitable for a once-daily dosing regimen. Both dosage forms allow for the convenient production of dose-proportional multiple strengths. Two ODT formulations exhibiting fast and medium release profiles and one ...

Candidosis is by far the commonest oral fungal infection in man and could manifest as an adverse effect of drug therapy such as inhaled or topically applied corticosteroids. Due to the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect steroids are used in the management of bronchial asthma and oral muc...

Myiasis is the infestation of live human and vertebrate animal with dipterous larvae which feed on the host's dead or living tissue. A case of oral myiasis in the maxillary anterior region in a 42-year-old female with neurologic deficit caused by the larvae (maggots) of Musca Nebulo (Family Diptera) is reported. The treatment consisted of manual removal of the larvae by topical application of turpentine oil, oral therapy with ivermectin and surgical debridement of the oral wound. PMID:18978712

Treatment of dermatophyte infection involves primarily oral and/or topical formulations of azoles or allylamines, particularly itraconazole and terbinafine. Topical medications applied once or twice daily are the primary treatment indicated for tinea corporis/cruris, and tinea pedis/manuum. Use of oral antifungals may be practical where the tinea involvement is extensive or chronic, or where application of a topical is not feasible. For tinea unguium (onychomycosis) and tinea capitis, oral therapies are the primary treatments provided. Recently, topical amorolfine and ciclopirox formulations have been approved for use in milder onychomycosis cases, and their role in the treatment of the different clinical forms of onychomycosis is currently being defined. Relapse of infection remains a problem, particularly with tinea pedis/unguium. Appropriate follow-up duration and education of patients on proper foot hygiene are also important components in providing effective therapy. PMID:18478357

Five oral formulations of valproic acid (VPA)/divalproex sodium are approved and commonly used in the US for treatment of epilepsy, mania/bipolar disorder and migraine prophylaxis. These formulations have unique pharmacokinetic and formulation characteristics and are designed to treat distinct patient populations. We compared the absorption characteristics of all five oral VPA/divalproex formulations currently available in the US. Plasma VPA concentration-time profiles, following single oral dose (250mg) administration of five VPA/divalproex formulations under fasting conditions, from three pharmacokinetic studies in healthy subjects (N=9-15 each) were compared. The five VPA/divalproex formulations demonstrated marked absorption differences. The rate of absorption, as characterized by maximum concentration (C(max)) and time to C(max) (T(max)), may be rank-ordered as: VPA syrup (34.2mg/L, 0.9h)>VPA capsule (31.4mg/L, 2.2h)>divalproex sodium sprinkle capsule (20.7mg/L, 4.0h; lag-time congruent with1h) congruent withdivalproex sodium enteric-coated delayed-release tablet (26.0mg/L, 3.4h; lag-time congruent with2h)>divalproex sodium extended-release (divalproex-ER) tablet (11.8mg/L, 19.7h). Divalproex-ER had approximately 11% lower exposure (AUC). The comparable AUC across the five formulations, when corrected for bioavailability differences, demonstrates that formulation primarily affects the drug-release and in vivo absorption of VPA. Only divalproex-ER demonstrated true sustained-release characteristics. PMID:17208410

Sunburn, immune suppression, photo-aging, and skin cancers result from uncontrolled overexposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Preventive measures, including photo-protection, are helpful and can be achieved by topical sun-screening agents. Polypodium leucotomos (PL) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and has shown some in vitro and in vivo immunomodulating properties. Its beneficial photo-protective effects in the treatment of vitiligo and its antioxidant properties encouraged us to evaluate in vivo the potentially useful photo-protective property of natural extract of PL after topical application or oral ingestion. Twenty-one healthy volunteers [either untreated or treated with oral psoralens (8-MOP or 5-MOP)] were enrolled in this study and exposed to solar radiation for evaluation of the following clinical parameters: immediate pigment darkening (IPD), minimal erythema dose (MED), minimal melanogenic dose (MMD), and minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) before and after topical or oral administration of PL. Immunohistochemical assessment of CD1a-expressing epidermal cells were also performed. PL was found to be photo-protective after topical application as well as oral administration. PL increased UV dose required for IPD (P<0.01), MED (P<0.001) and MPD (P<0.001). After oral administration of PL, MED increased 2.,8{+-}0.59 times and MPD increased 2.75{+-}0.5 and 6.8{+-}1.3 times depending upon the type of psoralen used. Immunohistochemical study revealed photo-protection of Langherhans cells by oral as well as topical PL. The observed photo-protective activities of oral or topical PL reveal a new avenue in examining the potentially useful field of systemic photo-protection and suggests that PL can be used as adjunct treatment and can make photochemotherapy and phototherapy possibly safe and effective when the control of cutaneous phototoxicity to PUVA or UVB is a limiting factor in such photo-therapies. (au). 50 refs.

A review on enzymic processes used for production of fructose- high syrup from starch including liquefaction by alpha-amylase, saccharification by amyloglucosidase, and isomerization with glucose isomerase.

Progress is reported on the project to extract starch from corn efficiently. The procedure for removing organic impurities from corn syrup is described. Data are graphically shown of the ultraviolet scan of the dirty and clean syrup. Impurity in the glucose syrup could be reduced from 0.51 gm/ml level using the sedimental method down to 0.23 mg/ml by filtering the syrup through diatomic earth filter. The industrial products contain about 0.37 mg/ml (industrial product also filtered through diatomic earth filter). (MCW)

Prophylactic administration of analgesics before surgery can decrease the intraoperative anaesthetic requirement and decrease pain during the early postoperative period. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 90 healthy ASA physical status I or II children undergoing bilateral myringotomy, we compared the postoperative analgesic effects of oral acetaminophen and ketorolac, when administered 30 min before induction of anaesthesia. Patients were randomized to receive saline (0.1 ml.kg-1), acetaminophen (10 mg.kg-1) or ketorolac (1 mg.kg-1) diluted in cherry syrup to a total volume of 5 ml. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane and nitrous oxide via a face mask. Postoperative pain was assessed by a blinded observer using an objective pain scale. The three study groups were similar with respect to demographic data, duration of anaesthesia and surgery, induction behaviour, oxygen saturation, incidence of postoperative emesis and, recovery times. The ketorolac group had lower postoperative pain scores and required less frequent analgesic therapy in the early postoperative period compared with the acetaminophen and placebo groups. In contrast, there were no differences in pain scores or analgesic requirements between the acetaminophen and the placebo groups. We conclude that the preoperative administration of oral ketorolac, but not acetaminophen, provided better postoperative pain control than placebo in children undergoing bilateral myringotomy. PMID:1394752

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate neem oil and neem extract for the management of key honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pests. Neem pesticides inhibited the growth of Paenibacillus larvae (Ash, Priest & Collins) in vitro but had no effect on the growth of Ascophaera apis (Olive & Spiltoir). Azadirachtin-rich extract (neem-aza) was 10 times more potent than crude neem oil (neem oil) against P. larvae suggesting that azadirachtin is a main antibiotic component in neem. Neem-aza, however, was ineffective at controlling the honey bee mite parasites Varroa jacobsoni (Ouduemans) and Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Honey bees also were deterred from feeding on sucrose syrup containing > 0.01 mg/ml of neem-aza. However, neem oil applied topically to infested bees in the laboratory proved highly effective against both mite species. Approximately 50-90% V. jacobsoni mortality was observed 48 h after treatment with associated bee mortality lower than 10%. Although topically applied neem oil did not result in direct A. woodi mortality, it offered significant protection of bees from infestation by A. woodi. Other vegetable and petroleum-based oils also offered selective control of honey bee mites, suggesting neem oil has both a physical and a toxicological mode of action. Although oils are not as selective as the V. jacobsoni acaricide tau-fluvalinate, they nonetheless hold promise for the simultaneous management of several honey bee pests. PMID:10826163

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 741-747 Background:- The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been elucidated in many human infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Previously, TLR2 and TLR4 expression in oral lichen planus (OLP) was described. The aim of our study was to examine expression patterns of TLR4 and TLR9 in normal oral mucosa and OLP and describe the effect of topical tacrolimus treatment on the expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in OLP. Methods:- Toll-like receptor-4 and TLR9 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in five samples of normal oral mucosa and 50 samples of OLP (31 representing clinically white and 19 clinically erythematous/erosive lesions). We evaluated also the effect of topical tacrolimus on TLR4 and TLR9 expression in a patient with OLP. Results:- Toll...

Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in adolescence. Various treatment methods, such as topical/oral antibiotics, topical retinoids, chemical peels and phototherapy, have been reported with various success rates. Recently the resistance to antibiotics necessitates the physician to seek novel treatment modalities. Since 2005, we have applied a 630 nm light emitting diode (LED)-based device for acne in addition to conventional treatments. The conventional treatments, consisting of CO2 laser irradiation, dye laser irradiation, topical retinoids and topical/oral antibiotics, were performed for infectious lesions, and LED therapy was concomitantly performed once a week. Within 3 months, severe symptoms were improved and well controlled in all cases. The 630 nm LED irradiation seems to be an optional treatment in controlling the various grades of acne vulgaris.   

We report on a 65-year-old diabetic patient, who developed a deep fungal infection in the beard region after initial therapy with systemic antibiotics and topical corticosteroids. We were able to isolate Trichophyton mentagrophytes and treated him successfully with terbinafine 250 mg day(-1) orally in combination with topical ciclopirox and polyhexanide. In follicular inflammation in diabetics, deep mycosis has to be considered and mycologic diagnostics should be performed before starting any other treatment. PMID:12950910

The Spring Thaw is upon us, maple trees are experiencing below freezing temperatures by night and above freezing temperatures by day, signaling a time to cook up some pancakes because maple syrup is on its way! The following websites cover many aspects of the longstanding North American maple syrup tradition. The first site (1) presents Cornell University's Sugar Maple Research and Extension Program. This website is informative and extensive with activities for students and teachers, great photos, and a wealth of information about syrup production, research, and more. The second site (2) from the University of Vermont introduces the Proctor Maple Research Center and includes information about various research projects. The third website (3) hosted by The Ohio State University Extension, features an online copy of the _North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual_, an important and comprehensive text authored by a host of experts in the field. The fourth site, (4) from The Australian National University, provides a concise overview of maple syrup including sections on Origin and History, Collecting and Boiling the Sap, and more. The fifth site, (5) from the Wisconsin DNR's Environmental Education for Kids! (EEK!) electronic magazine for 4th-8th graders and teachers, contains a short history of maple syrup with a link to maple syrup recipes. The last three websites are all from regional maple syrup producers associations in North America, and they include recipes, information about maple syrup history and production, and more. The sixth site (6) is hosted by the Massachusetts Maple Producers Association, the seventh site (7) is hosted by the Michigan Maple Syrup Association, and the final site (8) is hosted by the Qu�bec Maple Syrup Producers Federation.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by a dimorphic fungus called Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and is a disseminated, systemic disorder that involves the lungs and other organs but presents characteristic oral lesions as the prominent feature. This article reports an unusual case of a 56-year-old man who had symptomatic granulomatous lesions in the oral cavity. The patient had received a nystatin-based treatment that masked the presence of fungi and made the diagnosis of PCM difficult. Although nystatin is normally used to treat oral fungal infections such as candidiasis, its topical usage is not appropriate for management of PCM. Once the patient received the correct treatment, he demonstrated a full recovery. PMID:22313993

Oral Myiasis is a rare disease that is mostly reported in developing countries. It is primarily caused by the invasion of the human body by fly larvae. The phenomenon is well-documented in the skin, especially among animals. This case report describes the presentation of Oral Myiasis caused by Musca Nebulo (common house fly), in a 28-year-old patient, with recent maxillofacial trauma. The patient was treated by manual removal of the larvae, after topical application of turpentine oil, followed by surgical debridement and oral therapy with Ivermectin. PMID:17947277

...Year 2011 Tariff-Rate Quotas for Raw Cane Sugar and Certain Sugars, Syrups and Molasses...Organization (WTO) commitments. The FY 2011 raw cane sugar TRQ is established at 1,117,195...terms of raw value) for imports of raw cane sugar and certain sugars, syrups,...

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) cubes of 12.5?×?12.5?×?12.5 mm thick were osmosed for 4 h in sugar syrup of 30, 40 and 50°Brix concentration and temperatures of 30 and 50°C at constant syrup to fruit ratio of 5:1. Osmosed and unosmosed aloe vera samples were hot air dried at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C ...

The use of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica L.) to obtain a new natural liquid sweetener was studied. The juice of the fruit (16.5 degrees Brix) was clarified with enzymes, treated with active carbon to take out the color and vacuum concentrated to obtain a 60 degrees Brix syrup or liquid sweetener. Physical and chemical characteristics determined included: a(w); reducing sugars (as inverted sugar); glucose (%); ash content (%); sugar composition by TLC; OD (420 nm) and Y, x, y chromaticity coordinates; viscosity (cps) and density (g/ml). Sensory analyses to determine the relative sweetness were also conducted. Cactus pear syrup contained 52.38% reducing sugar. The syrup had a pH of 4.31, a viscosity of 27.05 cps, an Aw of 0.83, a density of 1.2900 g/ml, an acidity (as citric acid) of 0.74% and an ash content of 1.4%. Compared with traditional sweeteners such as fructose and glucose syrup, the acidity was greater than that of HFCS (high fructose corn syrup) of 0.035%, and the ash values were considered a little high compared to glucose syrup which is 1.0%; these disparities can be attributed to the different processing conditions employed. Sensory evaluation revealed the same relative sweetness for cactus pear syrup and glucose, but lower than fructose; cactus pear syrup had a relative sweetness value of 67 with respect to sucrose (100). PMID:9839813

This paper reports the gross and rapid condensation of isoniazid in a commercial black-currant-flavoured syrup. In vitro studies showed that the condensation was due, at least partly, to the glucose contained in the syrup, paper chromatography having demonstrated the presence of D(+)-glucose isonico...

Abstract in portuguese Foram identificados os medicamentos infantis líquidos de uso oral mais vendidos e/ou prescritos em Tubarão, Brasil. Foi analisada a concentração de açúcares e comparados os achados com as informações presentes nas bulas dos medicamentos. Todas as farmácias e todos os médicos pediatras que trabalham na cidade foram visitados por um entrevistador previamente treinado. Utilizaram-se dois questionários pré-testados, para conhecer os medicamentos pediátricos mais (more) vendidos e os mais receitados. Três amostras de cada medicamento foram analisadas pelo método geral de análise volumétrica Lane-Eynon. Dentre os 14 medicamentos mais vendidos/prescritos somente quatro não apresentavam açúcares na sua composição (analgésico, cortisona, e xaropes). A concentração de açúcares variou de 8,59 g/100 g (DP=0,29 g/100 g) à 67,0 g/100 g (6,07 g/100 g). Somente 50% dos medicamentos analisados que continham açúcares apresentavam esta descrição na bula do medicamento. Abstract in english The most sold and/or prescribed liquid oral medicines for children in Tubarão, Southern Brazil, were assessed. Their sugar concentration was tested and compared to those in their directions for use. All pharmacies and pediatricians working in the city were visited by a previously trained interviewer. Pre-tested questionnaires were applied in order to assess the most sold pediatric as well as the most prescribed pediatric liquid oral medicines. Three samples of each medic (more) ine were analyzed by Lane-Eynon general volumetric method. Among the 14 most sold/prescribed medicines only four did not have sugar contents (analgesic, cortisone, and syrups). Sugar concentration ranged from 8.59 g/100 g of drug (SD=0.29 g/100 g) to 67.0 g/100 g of drug (SD=6.07 g/100 g). Only 50.0% of the total medicines that presented sugar in their ingredients showed this information in their directions.

Maple syrup is a natural sweetener obtained from the transformation of maple sap collected mostly from sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) in North America. At present, simple physico-chemical tests are used for routine quality control. Inspectors also taste all batches on the market to ensure authenticity. Because of the presence of various aromatic compounds in sap and syrup, intrinsic fluorescence was tested as a means to characterize the physico-chemistry and typicity of maple syrup. Two hundred samples of sap and their corresponding syrup were obtained from various farms in 2003 and 2004. They were analysed by conventional physico-chemical tests and by fluorescence spectroscopy. Two major regions of fluorescence were found, which were mostly the same for sap and syrup. The first one wa...

Previous investigators have determined that benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] was much more effective in causing skin papillomas if applied topically than when administered orally in the initiation-promotion assay in SENCAR mouse. Conversely, urethane and acrylamide caused a higher percentage of mice to develo...

Examples of programmed tissue response after the interaction of cells with biomaterials are a hot topic in current dental research. We propose here the use of anodic porous alumina (APA) for the programming of cell growth in oral tissues. In particular, APA may trigger cell growth by the controlled...

Topical oral sprays are frequently used to prevent and manage oropharyngeal inflammation and lesions. This study investigated the histopathologic changes noted in the oral mucosa of mice after topical application of 3 widely prescribed antibacterial products. The 25 animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 10 days with 2 sprays daily, as follows: group 1-chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% + benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15%; group 2-benzydamine 0.27 mg/0.18 mL x 30 mL; group 3-chlorhexidine 0.2%; group 4-fusafungine 1%; and group 5 (cohort)-physiologic serum. On day 10 after drug administration, biopsy specimens were taken from the oropharyngeal mucosa of the tongue, the cheek mucosa, and the tongue base; these were examined under a light microscope and were classified as normal or pathologic. All topical oral sprays produced some degree of histopathologic change, such as hyperplasia, fibrosis, low-grade dysplasia, congestion, or edema. The local irritant effects of topical oral sprays should be considered when treatment is selected for patients with oropharyngeal disorder. PMID:16644611

In contemporary western alternative medicine, extracts of the inflorescences and upper stem leaves of Hypericum perforatum L. (common St. John’s Wort; Clusiaceae) are taken orally for the treatment of mild to moderate depression and applied topically to promote wound-healing. Numerous researchers h...

This document contains an outline of an oral presentation on environmental radiation standards presented to the American Nuclear Societies' Topical Conference on Population Exposure from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. The paper contains several definitions, a summary of current radiation exposure limits; and numerous proposed changes to current standards. 7 figs. (TEM)

This study investigated the potential use of topically and orally administered propolis extracts to prevent UV irradiation-induced oxidative stress in skin. The results illustrated that green propolis extract (GPE) contained greater amounts of polyphenols, coumaric acid, drupanin, baccharin and art...

Specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) to food is a new topical-therapeutic approach of food allergy. When successful, it improves significantly the patients' quality of life. SOTI's practical aspects for child are discussed from our recent experience concerning cow milk, hen's egg and wheat. Family's motivation and education are crucial questions to achieve SOTI correctly. A detailed information of possible side effects is essential.

Post-weaning mortality of Merino sheep Transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank for pregnancy diagnosis in cows Right flank transcutaneous vs transrectal ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in cows Ultrasound of soft tissue tumours in dogs Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in a Rottweiler Toxicity from accidental oral dosing of a topical endectocide Scrub-itch mite in an endangered wallaby Cerebellar cortical degeneration in a koala

The historical uses of ion-exchanged resins and a summary of the basic chemical principles involved in the ion-exchanged process are discussed. Specific applications of ion-exchange are provided that include drug stabilization, pharmaceutical excipients, taste-masking agents, oral sustained-release products, topical products for local application to the skin, and ophthalmic delivery.

Oral presentation abstracts from the tenth International Conference on Crystal Growth (ICCG) (Aug. 16-21, 1992) are provided. Topics discussed at the conference include superconductors, semiconductors, nucleation, crystal growth mechanisms, and laser materials. Organizing committees, ICCG advisory board and officers, and sponsors of the conference are also included.

... oral health. It’s an important part of being Mouth Healthy for Life. MouthHealthy > A-Z Topics > P > Plaque Share Plaque Your teeth are covered with a sticky film called plaque that can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease. Plaque contains bacteria, which following a meal or snack containing sugar ...

Oral Diseases (2012) Lichen planus (LP) is a common disorder affecting the oral cavity (OLP) and skin. Despite intensive research, LP/OLP etiology and treatment remain controversial. We investigated four controversial topics: (i) Is hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection associated with LP and involved in its pathogenesis? (ii) Should all patients with LP be screened for HCV? (iii) Should patients with OLP have all their amalgam restorations removed? (iv) Are there any new treatments for OLP? Results from extensive literature searches suggested that: (i) Robust evidence from three meta-analyses indicate that HCV is associated with LP and might be involved in OLP pathogenesis (ii) It would be prudent to screen patients with LP/OLP at significant risk with an ELISA for HCV antibodies using country-specific screening strategies (iii) There is no evidence that either OLP or oral lichenoid lesions patients would routinely benefit from having all their amalgam restorations replaced. Weak evidence from potentially very biased, small, non-randomized, unblinded studies suggests that a small fraction of patients may benefit from targeted amalgam replacement. (iv) There is weak evidence that, among new OLP treatments, topical pimecrolimus, aloe vera, and oral curcuminoids may be useful. The development of specific formulations for oral delivery of topical medications is a promising field. PMID:22788669

Clinical symptoms of viral infections, such as herpes labialis (cold sores) and oral ulcers (canker sores), are common in adulthood, affecting approximately 19% of adults aged 25 to 44 years. For some patients, lesions last longer, are more painful, and are more difficult to treat, requiring medications that allow the affected area to heal but do little to alleviate pain. Conventionally, pain caused by oral ulcerations has been addressed with either topical analgesics or systemic pain medications. However, a recently introduced over-the-counter topical medication (ORABASE Soothe.N.Seal) has been shown to be an effective pain-relieving adjunct to healing therapies. This article reviews the characteristics of painful oral ulcerations and details the research findings of a clinical trial of the use of this new medication. PMID:11915639

Abstract in spanish El cáncer es un factor importante de la carga mundial de morbilidad, y lo será cada vez más en los decenios venideros. El aumento global del número de casos de cáncer bucal y la factibilidad de realizar acciones de salud específicas nos motivó a consultar la bibliografía que maneja este tema e indagar sobre los resultados del Programa de Detección del Cáncer Bucal en Cuba. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante la consulta de bases de datos de los sis (more) temas referativos, como MEDLINE y PubMed con la utilización de descriptores como "oral cancer" OR "oral cancer prevention" OR "oral cancer programme" OR "oral cancer early detection". Se revisó toda la bibliografía haciendo énfasis en la encontrada de los últimos cinco años. Se realizó la revisión de revistas que han publicado artículos sobre el tema en cuestión y otras fuentes bibliográficas impresas, como libros y folletos lo cual arrojó que con la implementación del mismo se ha logrado mantener en nuestro país la curabilidad del cáncer bucofaríngeo al más alto nivel internacional. El desarrollo de este programa en Cuba ha constituido un gran avance en el conocimiento, prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades bucales, sobre todo, en relación con las lesiones y estados premalignos y las neoplasias malignas de localización bucal, en amplia concordancia con las directrices sobre política y gestión de los programas nacionales de lucha contra el cáncer dictados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Abstract in english Cancer is an important factor of morbidity around world, and it becomes more frequency coming decades. Global increase cases of oral cancer and feasibility of carrying out specific health's actions motivated us to consult international literature that manages this topic and investigate on results of Oral Cancer Program Detection in Cuba. It was carried out a literature review supported by databases systems, as MEDLINE and PubMed with use of topic like oral cancer "OR " or (more) al cancer prevention " OR " oral cancer programme " OR " oral cancer early detection". Whole literature was check from last five years. Carried out articles topic related on magazines and other printed sources, as books and pamphlets which hurtled with implementation of the same one it has been possible maintain in our country reliability of oral cancer to the highest international level. Development of this program in Cuba has constituted a great advance in knowledge, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, mainly in connection with lesions and precancerous states and oral neoplasias, according with national programs of fight against cancer dictated by the Health World Organization their guidelines on politics and direction.

Introduction: A variety of acne treatments exist, including topical benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, and procedural therapies, such as light and laser therapies. Although each of these treatment modalities confer various benefits for the management of acne, it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of their potential side effects, including ones that are most common and most serious, so that these medications can be prescribed in a safe manner. Areas covered: A systematic literature review was performed to identify publications discussing the side effects of the different treatment modalities used for acne vulgaris. Acne treatments reviewed included benzoyl peroxide gel, topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, and light/laser treatments. Expert opinion: A comprehensive overview of acne treatments' side effects is imperative for healthcare professionals and scientists working with and prescribing acne treatments. Side effects to be aware of when prescribing range from local irritation with topical treatments to systemic side effects including liver function abnormalities and teratogenic side effects. The best available options are those that address acne severity while minimizing side effects for the patient. Consequently, personalized medicine must be strongly emphasized to healthcare providers developing patients' treatment plans. PMID:23163336

Previous studies on the efficacy of valerian extracts have given occasional hints of possible side effects involving impaired vigilance. Because of the currently insufficient knowledge about potential impairment of vigilance by plant-based sedatives, we have conducted a controlled study to assess the effects of two plant-based sleep remedies in comparison with flunitrazepam and placebo after single oral administration. Aim of the study was to derive recommendations concerning potential hazards in driving or operating machinery. Residual sedative effects (hangover) were examined in four groups of 20 healthy volunteers, receiving either tablets containing valerian and hops or syrup containing valerian only or flunitrazepam or placebo; furthermore, immediate sedative effects of the two plant preparations have been examined in comparison with placebo (three groups of twelve healthy volunteers). The tests included objective measurements of cognitive psychomotor performance as well as subjective questionnaires on well-being. Tolerability was assessed from spontaneous reports of side effects and a verbal inquiry at the end of the tests. We found that objectively measurable impairment of performance on the morning after medication occurred only in the flunitrazepam group, a finding which was even more pronounced in the subjective questionnaires. In addition, 50% of the volunteers in the flunitrazepam group reported mild side effects in the inquiry at the end of the tests, compared with only 10% from the other groups. The subjective perception of sleep quality was improved in all three medication groups, when compared to placebo. Examination of acute effects of the plant remedies 1 to 2 hours after administration revealed no changes in the more important lead variables; however, a very slight impairment of vigilance after taking syrup was statistically significant as well as a retardation in the processing of complex information for the tablets. The subjective perception of effects was more pronounced (shaky legs, feeling less active). In conclusion, the residual sedative effects (hangover) observed in some earlier studies cannot be confirmed for the recommended doses of the two plant-based sleep remedies which we have examined with respect to vigilance and cognitive performance. On the contrary: our findings show improved subjective self-assessment (more alert, more active, feeling better). Hangover effects on the following morning need not be a cause for concern, which is of particular interest to car drivers; however, a slight impairment of performance during the first few hours after ingestion should be anticipated. Impairment of vigilance on the morning after ingestion of benzodiazepines, frequently reported and confirmed by our results, constitutes a potential hazard. In this situation, plant remedies such as those examined in this study should be considered as viable alternatives. PMID:8657986

The possibility to produce confectioner's syrup from tapioca processing waste by acid hydrolysis was explored at different substrate as well as acid concentrations, pressures and times. Syrup for confectioner's use can be effectively produced at various combinations of the parameters though severe hydrolysis conditions have to be employed as compared to the commercial starch. Economic considerations demand the use of waste slurry of 20% concentration with 4% sulphuric acid and the hydrolysis at 15 Pa for 15 min. The problem of disposal of the waste could be solved by gainfully utilizing it for the production of syrup meeting required standards.

Abstract Due to misunderstandings about their effectiveness and feasibility, topical (or rectal) therapies with aminosalicylates (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) and steroids are often underused in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, many of these patients could be treated solely with rectal/topical therapies, or could benefit from them in combination with oral therapies. We review the evidence for topical therapies containing 5-ASA and budesonide in UC and discuss how these therapies can be optimized in daily practice, thereby improving compliance. Finally, we provide a brief summary of studies on the use of other topical treatments in UC, the results of which were both promising and negative. Copyright Copyright 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Thyroidal uptake of radioiodine following various routes of administration was studied in young sheep utilizing a double tracer technique and three detection systems. Iodine-125 and I/sup 131/ were given simultaneously by various combinations of intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, and topical routes. Thyroid burdens were determined using a whole-body monitor with a 9x 4 in. NaI crystal, a modified Geiger-Mueller tube assembly, a 2 x 2 in. NaI crystal, and a 2 x 0.04 in. NaI crystal. Rates and per cent of uptake and effective half life were similar following the oral, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes of administration. A lower uptake and a longer effective half life were seen following topical administration. Variations that may be associated with age and season were observed. No correlation coWd be made between the per cent thyroid uptake and the location or tota1 area of skin involved with topical application. Estimated total radiation dose to the thyroid from oral administration was 6-8 rad/ mu C, while that from topical administration was 2-3 rad/ mu C. (auth)

Background.? Ritual fasting during the Muslim religious festival of Ramadan is one of the 'Five Pillars' of Islam, and is widely observed by Muslims. Previous studies have highlighted compliance issues in patients prescribed oral medications during this period. Aim.? To assess whether fasting during Ramadan influence the use of topical treatments for skin disease in Muslim patients. Methods.? This was a prospective, anonymous, questionnaire survey undertaken in a dermatology centre in a tertiary hospital in the UK. Patients were asked if they would use topical treatment while fasting, and whether they would consider this a breach of their fast. Results.? We found that more than one-third of the people interviewed would not use topical treatment while fasting, and around the same number (>?30%) would also consider this a breach of their fast. Although the majority of these patients thought that using steroid-based topical products was not acceptable, a significant proportion extended this opinion to use of any cream or emollient, and even to light therapy. Gender, age, or educational level were not useful predictors of patient opinion, but there was a significant association with birthplace and likelihood of using topical treatment during Ramadan; patients born outside the UK were significantly (P?topical treatment in the fasting period. Conclusions.? Our study indicates that fasting may be a significant and a hitherto unrecognised cause of non-compliance with topical treatment in Muslim patients in the UK, with potential health, quality and cost implications. Ritual fasting during Ramadan is widely observed by Muslims. Previous studies have highlighted compliance issues in patients prescribed oral medications during this period, and it seems this extends to use of topical treatments for skin disease. PMID:22681415

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder with criteria of auto-reactive disease. Treatment consists on topical application of corticosteroids, vitamin A derivates or cyclosporin. Calcineurin inhibitors as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus decrease the production of cytokines and inhibit T-cell proliferation. These substances have recently been introduced for local therapy of chronic inflammatory skin disorders. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of local pimecrolimus in OLP. A group of five patients with histological proven OLP were treated with topical pimecrolimus 1% ointment twice daily to the affected area. Prior to treatment and after 7, 14, 28 and 42 days the lesions were assessed clinically and by photographs. The discomfort scores were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) weekly. All five patients (median age 65.6 years) were female and showed involvement of the buccal mucosa. All lesions showed a reduction of inflammation activity during the treating period. The VAS scores decreased significantly under treatment (p=0,0014). Pimecrolimus ointment was tolerated well with no signs of itching or burning. However, 4 out of 5 patients complained about the reduced adherence properties of the cream. Although no complete remission of OLP has been observed in our series, signs of inflammatory activity of OLP as redness and burning sensations were reduced by topical pimecrolimus. Further controlled randomized studies have to be conducted to compare topical pimecrolimus with topical corticosteroid as standard therapy. The adherence properties of pimecrolimus 1% cream should be improved for intra-oral application. PMID:17051364

Introduction Prurigo nodularis is an unusual disorder of unknown aetiology, which is notoriously resistant to therapy, and is characterized by extremely pruritic nodules with well-defined clinical symptoms and histopathological findings. Case presentation We report the case of a patient presenting with pruritic papules and nodules on his legs, arms and trunk over the past 4 years, recurring after episodes of acute tonsillitis. Although oral and topical corticosteroids, oral antibiotics and emollients were used in his therapy, only tonsillectomy finally proved the definitive treatment. Conclusion We discuss the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prurigo nodularis associated with chronic tonsillitis, and we further review the literature on this rare condition. PMID:9049809

This conference has been designed with the objectives of promoting communication among applied, research, regulatory, and standards personnel involved in radiation protection and providing them with sufficient information to evaluate their programs. To partly fulfill these objectives, a technical program consisting of more than 75 invited and contributed oral presentations encompassing all aspects of radiation protection has been prepared. General topics include external dosimetry, internal dosimetry, instruments, regulations and standards, accreditation and test programs, research advances, and applied program experience. This publication provides a summary of the technical program and a collection of abstracts of the oral presentations.

PURPOSE:: To report a case of Lyme disease presenting as unilateral posterior stromal keratitis in a pediatric patient. METHODS:: Case report and review of available literature. RESULTS:: A 13-year-old adolescent with unilateral painless blurry vision presented with prominent posterior corneal stromal haze. A positive Borrelia burgdorferi antibody enzyme immunoassay and Western blot analysis (9 of 10 reactive immunoglobulin G bands and 1 of 3 immunoglobulin M bands) confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with oral antibiotics and topical corticosteroids were necessary for resolution. CONCLUSIONS:: Lyme disease may present as a unilateral posterior stromal keratitis, even in a pediatric population. Treatment requires both systemic and topical therapy. PMID:23132459

Allergic contact dermatitis in children is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and its incidence is increasing. Appropriate history taking and the suspicion for allergic contact dermatitis is essential, and patch testing remains the gold standard in diagnosis. Avoidance of the offending allergen, once identified, is the first goal of treatment. Medical therapies include topical corticosteroid and topical immunomodulators. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids or immunomodulators are utilized, although prospective randomized trials for the treatment of this disease in children are lacking. A PubMed literature search was performed to identify publications on allergic contact dermatitis in the pediatric population with the keywords: dermatitis, children, allergic contact dermatitis, pediatrics, ...

Summary Selection Criteria Two independent reviewers screened the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of ControlledTrials, the National Research Register, and the Cochrane Oral HealthGroupsTrials Register for articles written in English between 1977 and January1, 2010. The inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the application of laser desensitizing procedures and topical desensitizing agents in patients with at least 2 or more hypersensitive teeth confirmed by evaporative stimulus or tactile hypersensitivity assessment. Trial groups needed to receive laser therapy, whereas the control groups received topical desensitizing agents, such as fluoride varnish, dentin bonding agents, or others. Outcomes had to be measured by clinical perf...

Financial DisclosureA 31-year-old woman developed a spontaneous flap interface keratitis in the left eye 6 years after a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancement. Cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive for Achromobacter xyloxidans resistant to first- and second-generation cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, and quinolones and also positive for Acanthamoeba T4. Treatment with topical fortified ceftazidime, topical chlorhexidine, and voriconazole and oral voriconazole did not stop the progression of the disease. Flap amputation revealed persistence of Acanthamoeba but not Achromobacter. Six weeks after flap amputation, the infiltrate had resolved, PCR was negative for Acanthamoeba, and the cornea had fully epithelialized. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ...

This volume is a thematically focused issue of Advances in Radiation Biology. The topic surveyed is relative radiosensitivity of human organ systems. Topics considered include relative radiosensitivities of the thymus, spleen, and lymphohemopoietic systems; relative radiosensitivities of the small and large intestine; relative rediosensitivities of the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus; relative radiation sensitivity of the integumentary system; dose response of the epidermal; microvascular, and dermal populations; relative radiosensitivity of the human lung; relative radiosensitivity of fetal tissues; and tolerance of the central and peripheral nervous system to therapeutic irradiation.

It is important to understand the mechanism of drying from sugar syrup films in order to better control the raw sugar drying process and to correctly design drying equipment. Drying raw sugar involves coupled heat and mass transfer and is complicated by the processes occurring in the syrup film. This study presents isothermal sugar film drying experiments and elucidates the processes occurring in the syrup film by using a simple model based on boiling point elevation. Isothermal drying was achieved in this study by evaporation from a thin film of syrup on a heated plate kept at 40degreeC and 58degreeC. This study illustrates that the evaporation rate from the film can be reasonably modeled using the plate temperature and the boiling point elevation throughout the entire concentration range...

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to evaluate the quality of honey-like syrups obtained from mesquite pods (Prosopis juliflora) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple juice. The syrups were obtained through vacuum concentration of the plant extracts. Physicochemical parameters (soluble solid content, protein content, pH, acidity, water activity and specific gravity) were evaluated considering the quality parameters for honeys. The mineral content was determined by atomic absorption and flame photometry. The results were compared to the published data for honeys from several parts of the world. Mesquite pod syrup and cashew apple syrup presented quality parameters statistically different from the values reported by other authors for honeys from several parts of the world. The syru...

... are some common added sugars: sugar brown sugar cane sugar confectioners' or powdered sugar turbinado sugar raw sugar corn sweeteners corn syrup crystallized cane sugar maltose fructose sucrose glucose dextrin evaporated cane ...

Food and beverage service provides an excellent source of in-flight entertainment, ... for coffeemakers, water boilers, ice making or storage, soft drinks and liquor. ..... that provides carbonated water, sweet water, drink mix, and four cola syrups.

SummaryBackground & aims Syrup obtained from yacon roots could be well positioned as a nutraceutical product due to its high fructooligosaccharides content. We examined the beneficial effects and tolerance of yacon syrup on human health. Methods Obese and slightly dyslipidemic pre-menopausal women were studied over a 120-day period in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. We used two doses of yacon syrup, 0.29g and 0.14g fructooligosaccharides/kg/day. At the start and end of the study, anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, calcium, lipid and insulin concentrations and Homeostasis Model Assessment index were determined. Results The recommended daily consumption of yacon syrup with no undesirable gastrointestinal effects is 0.14g fructooligosaccharides/kg. Daily intake of yacon...

... or syrup. Vegetables you may eat include carrots, green beans, mushrooms, beets, asparagus tips, acorn squash, and peeled ... cause gas. Some of these are broccoli, peppers, beans, peas, ... green leafy vegetables, and corn. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using dates syrup as a tablet binder. Dates syrup (40%, 50%, 60% w/w dates syrup:water) was utilized for the granulation of sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate as examples for water-soluble and water-insoluble materials; correspondingly. Those two materials represent examples of bulky drugs as well. Starch paste (10% w/w starch in water) and sucrose syrup (50% w/w sucrose in water), the well-known tablet binders, were used in the granulation of the same materials for the sake of comparison. The granulations were evaluated with regard to particle size and particle size distribution, granule strength, bulk density, flowability, moisture content and compression behavior. In addition, tablets prepared and evaluated from these gra...

Background Provision of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected children is complicated using syrup formulations, which are costlier than tablets, harder to transport and store and difficult for health-workers to prescribe and caregivers to administer. Dispersible/crushable tablets may be more appropriate. We studied the acceptability of syrups and scored tablets among young children who used both in the AntiRetroviral Research fOr Watoto (ARROW) trial. Methods ARROW is an ongoing randomized trial of paediatric ART monitoring and treatment strategies in 1206 children in Uganda and Zimbabwe. 405 children initially received syrups of combination ART including Nevirapine, Zidovudine, Abacavir and Lamivudine before changing, when reaching the 12-tablets prescribed according to WHO weightband tables. Caregiver expectations and experiences were collected in questionnaires at their last visit on syrups and after 8 and 24 weeks on tablets. Results Questionnaires were completed by caregivers of 267 children (median age 2.9 years (IQR 2.5, 3.4)). At last visit on syrups, 79% caregivers reported problems with syrups, mostly related to number, weight, transportation and conspicuousness of bottles. Difficulties taking tablets were expected by 127(48%) caregivers; however, after 8 and 24 weeks, only 26% and 18% reported their children had problems with tablets and no problems were reported with transportation/conspicuousness. Taste, swallowing or vomiting were reported as problems ‘sometimes/often’ for 14%, 9%, 22% children on syrups and 16%, 9%, 8% on tablets. At last visit on syrups, 74% caregivers expected to prefer tablets but only 27% thought their child would. After 8/24 weeks, 94%/97% caregivers preferred tablets and 57%/59% reported their child did. Conclusions Most children at about 3 years can take tablets; caregivers and children themselves generally prefer tablets to liquid formulations of HIV medications above this age. Preferences of caregivers and children should be considered when designing and licensing paediatric drug formulations. PMID:12606142

Glycerol production in fuel ethanol fermentations was shown to be related to yeast dosage and initial dextrose concentration. Use of a partially saccharified (30 D.E.) syrup in place of dextrose resulted in lower glycerol production; the 30 D.E. syrup also reduced the effect of yeast dosage on glycerol production. The results obtained suggest that a portion of the glycerol produced during alcohol fermentations is for NADH regeneration rather than for osmotic stabilization.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular in the United States during the last 10-15 years. The use of oral and topical supplements falls within this framework. Most oral and topical supplements are based on or include several botanical ingredients, many of which have long histories of traditional or folk medicine usage. Several of the available products derived from botanical sources are touted for their dermatologic benefits. The focus in this discussion will be on a select group of botanical compounds that have been used for dermatologic purposes or show promise for such applications, including: rosemary, polypodium leucotomos, propolis, oatmeal, olive oil, grape seed extract, lavender, mushrooms, and coffeeberry. Other more commonly used products of botanical origin, such as arnica, bromelain, caffeine, chamomile, ferulic acid, feverfew, green tea, licorice, pomegranate, and resveratrol, are also briefly considered. PMID:18045358

Summary Background- The immune suppressive effects of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) are potential contributors to treatment failure after PDT for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) prevents immune suppression by ultraviolet radiation, but its effects on PDT-induced immunosuppression are unknown. Objectives- To determine the effects of topical and oral nicotinamide on PDT-induced immunosuppression in humans. Methods- Twenty healthy Mantoux-positive volunteers received 5% nicotinamide lotion or vehicle to either side of the back daily for 3-days. Another group of 30 volunteers received 500-mg oral nicotinamide or placebo twice daily for 1-week in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design. In each study, methylaminolaevulinate cream was applied to discrete areas on t...

Background: Plants are the source of important products with nutritional and therapeutic value. Topical or oral administration of some plant extracts has been shown to reduce photodamage. Cacao bean and cola nut are popular edible plants that contain polyphenols and xanthine derivatives. These plant extracts possess protective effects against UV-induced erythema when taken orally, and an H2O2-scavenging effect. Methods: Plant extracts containing xanthine derivatives and three xanthine derivatives were topically applied to the dorsal skin of hairless mice, and the mice were exposed to a resemblance of solar ultraviolet irradiation at a dose of 13.0 J/cm2 (UVA) for 15 weeks, five times a week on weekdays. After the final irradiation, histological, and analytical studies were performed. Resul...

... http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00224) Arthroscopy Arthroscopy (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00109) ... http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00224) Arthroscopy Arthroscopy (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic= ...

The enantioselective ?-arylation of aldehydes has been accomplished using diaryliodonium salts and a combination of copper and organic catalysts. These mild catalytic conditions provide a new strategy for the enantioselective construction and retention of enolizable ?-formyl benzylic stereocenters, a valuable synthon for the production of medicinal agents. As one example, this new asymmetric protocol has been applied to the rapid synthesis of (S)-ketoprofen, a commercially successful oral and topical analgesic.

We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Corynespora cassiicola. Molecular identification of this pathogen on grasses confirms that it may be involved in human infection, as previously reported once in pre-molecular literature. In vitro antifungal susceptibility data of the strain are provided. The patient was successfully treated with oral terbinafine with topical povidone iodine in accordance with the results obtained through in vitro susceptibility testing.

A multimodal stepped care approach has been successfully applied to a patient with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and severe intractable pain, not responding to regular neuropathic pain medication. The choice to administer drugs in creams was made because of the intolerable adverse effects to oral medication. With this method, peak-dose adverse effects did not occur. The multimodal stepped care approach resulted in considerable and clinically relevant decrease in pain after every step, using topical amitriptyline, ketamine, and dimethylsulphoxide. PMID:22028723

Topical application of 100 mg/kg body weight of the active fraction of Ixora coccinea flower inhibited the growth and delayed the onset of papilloma formation in mice, initiated and promoted with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil, respectively. The active fraction at the same dose, when administered orally, inhibited the growth of subcutaneously injected 3-methylcholanthrene - induced soft tissue fibrosarcomas. PMID:21214453

Abstract in english Objectives: To assess the relative bioavailability of two oral formulations of ambroxol commercialized in Chile, a generic syrup and the original product, MucosolvanR from Boehringer Ingelheim. Methods: A randomized, cross-over and double blind study was performed in twelve healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of either Mucosolvan (90 mg) or the generic formulation with at least a 14 day washout period between each single dose. Multiple blood samples were co (more) llected after each dose, the plasma ambroxol concentrations were determined by a validated High Performance Liquid Chromatography assay. Results: The 95% confidence intervals for all parameters were within the accepted range of 80-125% for bioequivalence, suggested by the US FDA. Non statistically significant differences were found in the mean parameters of bioequivalence: mean peak concentration (Cmax), area under the curve calculated from time zero to a determined time (AUC0-t), and area under the curve calculated from time zero to infinity (AUC0-oo), or in other parameters like: time to reach Cmax (t max), rate of absorption (Ka), rate of elimination (Ke), elimination half life (t1/2), and clearance (Cl). Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic results concluded that both formulations of ambroxol are bioequivalent and consequently the preparations can be considered interchangeable between them. Objetivos: Determinar la biodisponibilidad relativa de un jarabe de ambroxol, genérico, comercializado en Chile, respecto a la de Mucosolvan de Boehringer Ingelheim, producto innovador. Métodos: Estudio aleatorio, cruzado, de doble ciego en 12 voluntarios, hombres sanos, que recibieron una dosis oral única de 90 mg de jarabe del fármaco genérico y de Mucosolvan con un período de separación de 14 días. La determinación del fármaco se realizó por un método de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución validado. Resultados: Los límites de confianza de 95% para todas las variables están dentro de los de bioequivalencia aceptados de 80-125%, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los parámetros farmacocinéticos promedios utilizados en estos estudios: Cmáx (concentración máxima), ABC0-t (área bajo la curva de concentración plasmática vs tiempo post administración entre 0 y un tiempo determinado) y ABC0-oo (área bajo la curva de concentración plasmática vs tiempo post administración entre 0 e infinito) de cada producto. Tampoco se encontró diferencias para los parámetros: t máx (tiempo al cual se alcanza la Cmáx), Ka (constante de velocidad de absorción), Ke (constante de velocidad de eliminación), t1/2 (tiempo de vida media de eliminación), y Cl (Clearance) encontrados para cada producto. Conclusión: Los resultados farmacocinéticos indican que el jarabe genérico es bioequivalente al innovador, pudiéndose intercambiar como mucolíticos.

Abstract in spanish Caso clínico: En un caso de endoftalmitis exógena producida por Candida parapsilosis, el tratamiento primero con fluconazol oral y posteriormente con anfotericina intravenosa no eliminaron la infección. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con fluconazol tópico e itraconazol oral aparentemente la controlaron. Discusión: Actualmente se acepta que el tratamiento de elección de la endoftalmitis fúngica es la anfotericina B IV, y como alternativa se empiezan a utilizar los azol (more) es. En este caso se ha usado el itraconazol, cuya penetración intraocular y eficacia no han sido aún bien determinadas. Pero, a la vista de los resultados obtenidos, se podría concluir que la penetración intraocular del itraconazol administrado por vía oral puede ser suficiente para controlar la infección, siempre que el hongo causante sea sensible. Abstract in english Clinical case: A case of exogenous Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis was treated first with oral fluconazol and later with intravenous Anfotericin without success. A subsequent therapy using topical fluconazole and oral itraconazole appeared to be effective in controlled the infection. Discussion: Current elective treatment for fungal endophthalmitis is Anfotericine B iv. An alternative therapy are the azoles. In the reported case itraconazole was used, although its in (more) traocular penetration and effectiveness have not yet been satisfactorily demonstrated. The clinical response in this case leads to the possibility that intraocular oral itraconazole penetration can be sufficient to control infection in cases where the causal fungi is sensitive.

PurposeTo evaluate if two pharmacological agents, Tempol and D-methionine (D-met), are able to prevent oral mucositis in mice after exposure to ionizing radiation +- cisplatin. Methods and MaterialsFemale C3H mice, 8 weeks old, were irradiated with five fractionated doses +- cisplatin to induce oral mucositis (lingual ulcers). Just before irradiation and chemotherapy, mice were treated, either alone or in combination, with different doses of Tempol (by intraperitoneal [ip] injection or topically, as an oral gel) and D-met (by gavage). Thereafter, mice were sacrificed and tongues were harvested and stained with a solution of Toluidine Blue. Ulcer size and tongue epithelial thickness were measured. ResultsSignificant lingual ulcers resulted from 5 x 8 Gy radiation fractions, which were enhan...

Abstract in spanish Se abordan temas relacionados con la educación para la salud, vista como un campo especial de las ciencias médicas, de la salud pública y en especial de la estomatología en Cuba, cuyos principales objetivos persiguen trasmitir conocimientos al respecto y desarrollar una conducta encaminada a la conservación de la salud bucal, particularmente en la población infantil, mediante la promoción de prácticas saludables en ese sentido, prevención de enfermedades bucales y adopción de estilos de vida sanos. Abstract in english This article deals with issues related to education for oral health, which has been seen as a special field in medical sciences, public health, and stomatology in Cuba. Its main objectives aim at transmitting knowledge of this topic and developing a behavior designed to maintain oral health, particularly in children, through the promotion of healthy practices in this regard, the prevention of oral diseases, and the adoption of healthy life styles.

Abstract in english Behçet?s disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory vascular disease with several clinical manifestations and geographical differences in disease expression. In Middle Eastern countries it is one of the most common causes of cerebral venous thrombosis. We report a 29-year-old female admitted for acute headache and vomiting. A magnetic resonance image showed a large thrombosis of sagital and transverse sinuses. She developed oral and genital ulcers a week later. Ophthalmolo (more) gic examination revealed left anterior uveitis and ipsilateral papilledema. Multiple studies ruled out a hypercoagulability syndrome. The patient used oral contraceptives. Anticoagulant therapy was prescribed. A biopsy of a genital ulcer demonstrated diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with vasculitis. After treatment with topical and systemic corticoids, her condition improved. Venous sinus thrombosis followed by oral and genital ulcers is an unusual presentation of Behçet?s disease.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a common chronic pain condition which mainly affects elderly women. The concomitant prescription of topical lubricants with oral parafunctional habit control has been reported as an effective initial approach for patients with BMS. In this study, we have investigated outcome predictors of this initial treatment in patients with BMS. One hundred forty patients with BMS (12 men and 128 women, mean age 59.9±10.7 years) were instructed to avoid oral parafunctions and to use topical lubricant for 2 weeks. The patients were sub-grouped according to psychological status, salivary flow rate, presence of psychiatric medications, symptom area and duration, symptom severity, presence of oral parafunctions, and accompanying oral complaints. The changes in symptoms were analyzed and compared between sub-groups. Subjects with T-scores?50 for each psychological symptom dimension, a flow rate of stimulated whole saliva (SWS)>0.5 ml/min, no psychiatric medications, and a greater degree of initial symptoms (VAS?5) displayed greater decreases in symptoms compared with their counterparts. In conclusion, psychological status, psychiatric medications, flow rate SWS, and initial symptom severity can be outcome predictors of the initial treatment approach for patients with BMS. PMID:21075463

We report a case of a 21 year old male who presented with smear-proven fungal corneal ulcer in left eye, refractory to treatment with topical natamycin. Corneal smears and culture were taken along with anterior chamber tap for microbiological investigations and intracameral 1% voriconazole was injected followed by institution of oral as well as topical voriconazole drops. Corneal and aqueous smear as well as culture confirmed the presence of acanthamoeba. The keratitis responded favourably to voriconazole therapy which was instituted along with topical trophicidal drugs and anterior chamber became quiet by 7th day. The patient was slowly tapered from voriconazole and was off the drug by 6 months. At one year follow up, he continues to remain asymptomatic. The possibility exists that the fu...

The present study investigates the role of speech repetition in oral fluency development. Twenty-four students enrolled in English-as-a-second-language classes performed three training sessions in which they recorded three speeches, of 4, 3, and 2 min, respectively. Some students spoke about the same topic three times, whereas others spoke about three different topics. It was found that fluency improved for both groups during training but was maintained on posttests only by the students who repeated their speeches. These students had used more words repeatedly across speeches, most of which were not specifically related to the topic. It is argued that proceduralization of linguistic knowledge represented a change in underlying cognitive mechanisms, resulting in improvements in observable fluency.

In Taiwan, oral cancer has become a prominent cancer because of its highest annual increase rate among all cancer diseases. Betel quid chewing habit is a major risk factor for oral precancerous and cancerous lesions and there are more than two million people who have this habit in Taiwan. Our previous studies showed that chlorophyll-pheophytin derivative (CPD)-mediated PDT is very effective for killing of SCC-4 cell lines in vitro. In order to decrease the systemic phototoxic effect of CPD, this study was designed to use a topical CPD-mediated PDT for treatment of DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions. DMBA was applied to one of the buccal pouches of hamsters thrice a week for 8 to 10 weeks. Precancerous lesions of moderate to severe dysplasia were induced and proven by histological examination. These induced precancerous lesions were used for testing the efficacy of topical CPD-mediated PDT. Before PDT, fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine when CPD reached its peak level in the lesional epithelial cells after topical application of CPD gel. We found that CPD reached its peak level in precancerous lesions about 1 hour (range, 0 to 30 hours) after topical application of CPD gel. The precancerous lesions in hamsters were then treated with topical CPD-mediated PDT (fluence rate: 200 mW/cm2; light exposure dose 100 J/cm2) using the portable WonderLight LED 635 nm fiber-guided light device once or twice a week. Visual and histological examination demonstrated that topical CPD-mediated PDT was partially effective treatment modality for DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in the treatment of pain associated with a variety of indications, including arthritic conditions, but their usefulness is often limited by dose-dependent adverse events (AEs), such as gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular events, and renal toxicity. The risk of such effects could be reduced by the use of topical formulations, which offer the potential to deliver analgesic concentrations locally, at the site of inflammation, while minimizing systemic concentrations. The topical preparations currently approved in the United States are diclofenac sodium 1.5% topical solution (containing dimethyl sulfoxide as a penetration enhancer), diclofenac sodium gel 1%, and a diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine 1.3% patch. Each of these topical NSAIDs provide drug delivery to subcutaneous tissues for the management of pain associated with osteoarthritis or soft-tissue injuries. Furthermore, these formulations are not significantly associated with the systemic AEs associated with oral NSAIDs; the most common AEs associated with topical formulations are local skin reactions, which are usually mild and self-limiting. Other topical NSAID preparations approved in the European Union include ibuprofen creams and gels, ketoprofen gel, felbinac gel and cutaneous foam, and piroxicam gel. Meta-analyses have confirmed the efficacy and safety of these preparations. However, it is important to recognize that pharmacokinetic absorption from topical formulations can vary markedly, even between different formulations of the same drug, depending on the agent, the underlying disorder, and the site of application. It is therefore essential to consider the patient, the drug, and the drug delivery mechanism when selecting a topical NSAID preparation. PMID:22367354

Abstract in spanish RESUMEN: La Estomatitis Sub-Protésica (E.S.P.) describe cambios patógenos encontrados en los tejidos de soporte de la dentadura. Dichos cambios se caracterizan por la presencia de un eritema, debido entre otros factores a la proliferación de microorganismos del Género Candida. Es por ello que el objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue comprobar la eficacia del Miconazol tópico en forma de gel o jalea oral (Daktarin®) sobre la mucosa afectada de un grupo de pacie (more) ntes con diagnóstico de E.S.P. inducida por Candida. En esta investigación se seleccionaron 30 de los 41 pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Clínica Estomatológica "Magdalena Mata de Henning" con diagnóstico presuntivo de E.S.P., éstos fueron divididos en 3 grupos de 10 pacientes cada uno: Grupo A: Los cuales fueron medicados con Daktarin® jalea oral, 4 veces al día, tanto en el paladar como en la prótesis, durante 21 días; Grupo B: Quienes fueron medicados con Daktarin® jalea oral, 3 veces al día, tanto en el paladar como en la prótesis, durante 21 días; Grupo C: A quienes se les administró un placebo 4 veces al día, tanto en el paladar como en la prótesis, durante 21 días. De igual manera, se les dictaron instrucciones a todos los pacientes en relación con el mantenimiento de una adecuada higiene bucal, así como realizarla previa administración del tratamiento antimicótico. En este estudio se demostró que el tratamiento antimicótico con Daktarin® jalea oral, es eficaz contra la E.S.P. inducida por Candida. Abstract in english ABSTRACT: Denture Stomatitis (D.S.) is a term used to describe certain pathologic changes found in the oral mucosa of denture-bearing tissues. Candida species have been associated with its etiology. The purpose of this study was to prove a new type of treatment for D.S. induced by Candida using topic Miconazole. Thirty out of forty one patients who consulted in the Oral Pathology Service of Dental Faculty at Central University of Venezuela were selected in this study and (more) divided in 3 groups of 10 patients each one: Group A: Patients of this group were medicated 4 times each day with topic Miconazole gel (Daktarin®), for 21 days; Group B: Patients were medficated 3 times each day with topic Miconazole gel (Daktarin®), during 21 days; Group C: Patients of this group were medficated with a placebo during 21 days, 4 times each day. Medication was indicated in the mucosa affected hard palate and on the denture surface. Also, the importance of maintaining oral hygiene was indicated to each patient. The results of this study demostrated that this antimycotic therapy was effective for the treatment of D.S. induced by Candida.

... orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00550) Knee Arthroscopy Knee Arthroscopy (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00299) ... orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00550) Knee Arthroscopy Knee Arthroscopy (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm? ...

In recent years, more head and neck cancer patients have been treated with radiotherapy. Radiation-induced mucositis is a common and dose limiting toxicity of radiotherapy among patients with head and neck cancers. Patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer are also at increased risk of developing oral candidiasis. A number of new agents applied locally or systemically to prevent or treat radiation-induced mucositis have been investigated, but there is no widely accepted prophylactic or effective treatment for mucositis. Topical Aloe vera is widely used for mild sunburn, frostbites, and scalding burns. Studies have reported the beneficial effects of Aloe gel for wound healing, mucous membrane protection, and treatment of oral ulcers, in addition to antiinflammatory, immunomudulation, antifungal, scavenging free radicals, increasing collagen formation and inhibiting collagenase. Herein the author postulates that oral Aloe vera mouthwash may not only prevent radiation-induced mucositis by its wound healing and antiinflammatory mechanism, but also may reduce oral candidiasis of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy due to its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties. Hence, Aloe vera mouthwash may provide an alternative agent for treating radiation-induced oral mucositis and candidiasis in patients with head and neck cancers. PMID:22855041

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with cell-mediated immunological dysfunction. Symptomatic OLP is painful and complete healing is rare. The aim of this review was to assess the evidence for the efficacy and safety of treatments for symptomatic OLP. The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched in January 2011 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any intervention for the treatment of symptomatic OLP. A total of 28 trials were included in this Cochrane review. There was no evidence from three RCTs that topical pimecrolimus is better than placebo in reducing pain from OLP. There was weak evidence from two RCTs that topical aloe vera may be associated with a reduction in pain compared with placebo. There was weak and unreliable evidence from two small trials, at high risk of bias, that topical ciclosporin may reduce pain and clinical signs of OLP. There was no evidence (from five trials each evaluating a different steroid and/or calcineurin inhibitor) that there is a difference between treatment with topical corticosteroids (TCSs) compared with topical calcineurin inhibitors with regard to reducing pain associated with OLP or that any specific steroid therapy is more or less effective at reducing pain. Although TCSs are considered to be the first-line treatment, we did not identify any RCTs that compared TCSs with placebo in patients with symptomatic OLP. From the 28 trials included in this systematic review, the wide range of interventions compared means there is insufficient evidence to support the superior effectiveness of any specific treatment. PMID:22242640

The use of topically applied fluoride has been widely researched as a means to reduce the risk of dental caries in conjunction with other treatment modalities (mechanical oral hygiene, dietary control, antimicrobial intervention, pit and fissure sealants). There is overwhelming evidence that reports not only the significance and importance of the use of fluoride as a caries-preventive agent, but also how safe fluoride application is when used appropriately, particularly in higher risk individuals and populations. This paper reviews the caries-protective benefits of topical fluoride application in children and adolescents, with an emphasis on the clinical efficacy and safety of the vehicles by which fluoride is topically delivered. Fluoride toothpaste represents today the most cost-effective fluoride-delivery system in the oral cavity and its use should be the centerpiece in all caries-preventive strategies. On the other hand, mouthrinses, gels and varnishes currently represent adjuncts to toothpaste use and should be targeted towards individuals and groups at high risk of caries. PMID:22632397

Because topical antibiotic treatment has had a limited effect in previous controlled trials against trachoma, treatment with oral erythromycin was compared with topical tetracycline in 6-8-year-old children in southern Tunisia who had potentially blinding active trachoma. A total of 169 children were divided into two groups that were carefully matched for age, sex, locality, and intensity of disease. Oral erythromycin ethyl succinate in a paediatric dosage form was administered to one group and topical 1% tetracycline ointment to the other group, twice daily, six days a week for three weeks. The two treatments were equivalent in effectiveness and resulted in a substantial decrease in disease intensity and a marked reduction in chlamydial infection detected in conjunctival smears. To maintain blood levels of antibiotics known to be effective in the treatment of chlamydial infections with a dosage schedule possible in a trachoma control programme, one of the long-acting tetracyclines (doxycycline or minocycline) might be considered. Such systemic chemotherapy should be limited to selective treatment of individuals who can be adequately monitored.

ABSTRACT Carotene-enriched carrots (Daucus carota L. var. Chantenay) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on acidity development and lipid oxidation in rasogolla during refrigerated storage. Rasogolla is mashed fresh cheese or cottage cheese boiled in rounded shape in concentrated sugar syrup. Six types of rasogolla samples containing carrot paste at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% were prepared and stored in closed container at refrigerated condition for 20 days. Chemical changes were measured for acidity of syrup, pH of syrup, free fatty acid content and absorptivity of rasogolla samples, and sensory evaluation of rasogolla samples at days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 of storage. The carrot pastes showed significant protection against lipid oxidation, acidity development and sensory quality main...

Hesperidin glycosides are the transglycosylated products of hesperidin by CGTase (cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, EC 2.4.1.19). They are significantly more soluble in water than hesperidin and can be used as the stabilizer of natural pigments against ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, it was revealed that hesperidin glycosides could prevent the formation of hesperidin crystals, which cause turbidity in canned mandarin orange syrup or cloud in clarified mandarin orange juice, in aqueous solutions. Hesperidin glycosides were more effective than ?-CD in preventing the turbidity in the model syrup of canned mandarin orange, and were also effective in preventing the cloud in the model orange juice. The use of hesperidin glycosides only involves adding them to the solution in order to prevent turbidity or cloud. As they were autoclavable and did not have any taste, hesperidin glycosides could be used as an agent to prevent turbidity in canned mandarin orange syrup or the cloud in clarified mandarin orange juice.   

Textural changes of yellow peach in pouches (YPP) treated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and thermal processing during storage at 4???±???1 °C and 25???±???1 °C for 180 days were studied. Hardness, syrup viscosity, pectin compositions, and cell structure of YPP samples were evaluated in this study. The hardness of YPP stored at 4???±???1 °C exceeded 50???70 % as compared to those stored at 25???±???1 °C. Moreover, the higher flesh hardness and lower syrup viscosity were obtained at longer pressure-holding time of HHP processing. Water-soluble pectin (WSP), sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP), and total pectin contents in flesh decreased, while chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) in flesh and water-soluble pectin in syrup (WSPS) increased after 180 days storage. The texture de...

Food (MIC: SIC: 2086 NAIC: 312111) Coca-Cola is a global manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. Co. also manufactures, distributes and markets some finished beverages. Co. primarily sells concentrates and syrups, as well as some finished beverages, to bottling and canning operations, distributors, fountain wholesalers and fountain retailers. As of Dec 31 2007, Co. owned or licensed more than 450 brands, including Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite, and a variety of diet and light beverages, waters, juice and juice drinks, teas, coffees, and energy and sports drinks. Additionally, Co. has ownership interests in numerous joint ventures bottling and canning operations.

In many polymer manufacturing processes, mass transfer operations between a high viscosity liquid and gases are applied, but mass transfer rates have been explained only using kLa. We measured kL for molten polystyrene and corn syrups by using a rotating cylinder with surface renewal action in which surface area was known. As a result, it is proved that (1) kL between gases and high viscosity liquids are expressed by Hibgie’s penetration theory, and (2) diffusivities are obtained from measurements of kL in corn syrup-CO2 and glycerine-CO2 systems.   

Context: Systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases often manifest oral lesions in their earliest stages, and early diagnosis, which may be spurred by a dental examination, is key for improved outcomes. After systemic diagnosis, oral lesions benefit from specialized care by dentists in collaboration with the medical team. This review aims to educate dental clinicians about the most relevant systemic autoimmune and inflammatory conditions with accompanying oral lesions, their implications for health, and management strategies supported by the biomedical literature and clinical experience. Ulcerative conditions including Behcet and Crohn diseases are discussed, along with rheumatic conditions including Sjögren syndrome, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence Acquisition: Evidence was accumulated through PubMed searches using pertinent keywords for each subsection. References were reviewed and original publications examined to verify the accuracy of the information. We focused on evidence included in current reviews and randomized trials. Recommendations were supported by multiple studies and consensus expert opinion. Evidence Synthesis: Disease phenotypes described and clinical recommendations were synthesized from best-quality evidence available for each disease. Efforts were made to describe evidence selection within each disease section. Conclusions: Dentists play an important role in the early detection and multidisciplinary medical management of complex autoimmune diseases. It is important to recognize prevalent medical and dental issues and special needs of patients with autoimmune conditions. The management of many inflammatory conditions is similar, and often begins with the use of topical steroids, analgesics, and antimicrobial treatments, in addition to careful attention to oral hygiene and appropriate fluoride usage. In this brief review, we aim to discuss the presentation/prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of oral manifestations encountered in autoimmune, autoinflammatory and systemic chronic inflammatory diseases. Systemic autoimmune conditions are estimated to affect 5% to 8% of Americans.(1) Oral manifestations are encountered with high frequency, and are often the first clinical signs or symptoms of the general disease. Optimal management of complex autoimmune diseases requires a multidisciplinary medical team including dentists to care for lesions of the oral cavity. The dental practitioner may be asked to play a primary role in the diagnosis of such conditions and to participate with other health professionals working together to achieve effective clinical management. To aid in this process, we discuss in this article the current general knowledge of systemic autoimmune conditions that present with prevalent oral manifestations. The focus is on the diagnosis and management of the oral component of each disease. Importantly, whereas the etiology and pathogenesis and systemic clinical presentation may vary, presentation in the oral cavity is often similar and many conditions involve oral ulcerations. For this reason, we discuss the differential diagnosis and management of the most common oral ulcerations in a general section and subsequently address individual conditions that present with oral ulcerations. Similarly, treatment of various autoimmune/inflammatory oral conditions is often common and involves modulation or suppression of the immune response locally and/or systemically and will be therefore addressed in a common section as well as individually for each disease when unique treatment regimens are recommended. We present here our general treatment recommendations based on clinical experience and literature review; however, it is critical that good clinical judgment and specifics of an individual case should determine the appropriate dental/oral medicine intervention for a specific patient. PMID:23040353

Abstract Topical retinoids are used to treat photoaging; oral isotretinoin is gold standard for acne; "off label" indications, including photoaging, have been reported with insufficient evidence of efficacy. This is a randomized controlled phase II trial with clinical and histological assessment to evaluate efficacy and safety of oral isotretinoin for photoaging. Study population was comprised of 32 menopausal or sterilized women, aged 40-55, divided in 2 groups: A (21) received 20mg isotretinoin, 3 times per week, nightly moisturizer, and daily sunscreen, for three months; B (11) just moisturizer/sunscreen. Main outcome measures were: overall clinical assessment; profilometry, corneometer and elasticity tests in periocular regions and left forearm; before/after biopsies from left forearm ...

Confocal endomicroscopy is a novel, noninvasive microscopic technique that enables surface and subsurface imaging of living tissues or cells in vivo. This study was to explore the possibility of utilizing a novel rigid confocal endomicroscope (RCE) system for detecting morphological changes in living normal and neoplastic human and murine tongue tissue in combination with different photosensitizers, i.e. hypericin and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence. Subjects were topically or systemically applied photosensitizer to the oral mucosa, and then fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy was performed on the tongue using the RCE system with the laser excitation wavelength at 488 nm. The preliminary results showed that confocal fluorescence images of the tongue can be acquired in real-time with well-defined micro-morphological structures, and changes of tissue structures associated with cancer transformation can also be identified. This study suggests that photosensitizer-mediated confocal endomicroscopy have a significant potential for rapid, non-invasive detection of early oral cancers in vivo.

Herbal (botanical) therapy has been used as treatment for headache disorders for millennia. Botanical therapy can be divided into 3 categories: oral, topical, and -aromatherapy.- In this article, the options in these categories and the evidence supporting their use are discussed. Unfortunately, evidence is sparse for most herbal treatments, in large part due to a paucity of funding for the type of studies needed to assess their efficacy. Butterbur and feverfew are the 2 herbal oral preparations best studied, and they seem to have real potential to help many patients with migraine and perhaps other headache types. Patients most appropriate for trials of herbal therapy include those who have been refractory to pharmaceutical and other modes of therapy, patients who have had intolerable side ...

Increasing the gastric mucosal perfusion by nitric oxide (NO) action can reduce the gastric injuries caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We have shown previously that topical administration of the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on the gastric mucosa of rats increases gastric blood flow, pointing to a possible oral therapeutic approach for treating NSAIDs side effects. In the present study, we found that oral administration of GSNO solutions (7-365mmol/kg) to Swiss mice leads to a significant dose-response increase in the plasmatic levels of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) measured by chemiluminescence, with peak levels (160mM) achieved after 1h. At the same time, intact GSNO could not be detected in the plasma of the GSNO-treated animals by high-sensitivity Ultra Perf...

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common, painful, and ulcerative disorder of the oral cavity with unknown etiology. Treatment is a highly controversial topic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a novel paste containing Myrtus communis (Myrtle) in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Myrtle is a particular herb used in some cultures as treatment for mouth ulcers. The study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled before?after clinical trial. Forty-five patients with RAS randomly participated in this study. The subjects were treated with placebo paste and myrtle oral paste in two consecutive episodes. The paste was applied by subjects themselves four times a day for 6?days. Five parameters (size change, pain scale, erythema and exudation level...

Background/Aims Radiation proctitis is a common complication of pelvic radiation for which an optimal treatment remains undetermined. We assessed the efficacy of oral and topical mesalazine combination therapy for patients with naive radiation proctitis. Methods A total of 23 patients with radiation proctitis were enrolled in the study over a period of 2?years. Three of these patients were excluded due to severe bleeding during the study. Twenty patients (mean age 60.3?years; two males, 18 females) were treated with oral mesalazine (3??1?g per day) plus a daily mesalazine suppository (1?g per day at bedtime) for 4?weeks. The efficacy of treatment was assessed according to the Subjective Objective Management Analytic (SOMA) scale for alleviation of clinical symptoms of rectal toxicity and ...

Bilateral myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement is the second most frequently performed pediatric surgical procedure, next to circumcision. Postoperative pain relief for children undergoing this procedure has been an ongoing concern. The authors undertook a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in 200 consecutive children to investigate the efficacy of oral acetaminophen, acetaminophen with codeine, ibuprofen, and placebo administered preoperatively in relieving postoperative pain in children undergoing this procedure. All children received topical analgesia consisting of antibiotic eardrops mixed with 4% lidocaine intraoperatively. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain score between the four groups (P > 0.4447). Thus it is likely that the intraoperative administration of antibiotic eardrops mixed with 4% lidocaine is all that is required to alleviate postoperative pain in children undergoing myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement. Preoperative oral analgesics are apparently of little added benefit. PMID:9432075

A dental assisting instructor was provided with 250 hours of released time to develop standardized Learning Activity Packets (LAPs) for the Dental Assisting program at the Bellingham (Washington) Vocational Technical Institute. The instructor reviewed unit objectives, gathered input from local dental professionals, reviewed reference materials, and studied occupational analyses in order to develop nine LAPs. The LAPs were approved and were preferred by faculty and students over other modules in use. The nine LAPs included in this report cover the following topics: oral pathology, oral anatomy, taking medical/dental histories, tooth morphology, temporary crowns and restorations, pedodontics, monitoring nitrous oxide and oxygen, identifying and interpreting radiographs for mounting, radiology--intraoral radiographic procedures, and radiology--the periapical and bitewing examination. Each LAP consists of a goal, rationale for learning, prerequisites, estimated completion time, references, audiovisuals, requirements for completion, vocabulary, objectives, and practice activities. LAPs are illustrated with line drawings. (KC)

Allergic contact dermatitis in children is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and its incidence is increasing. Appropriate history taking and the suspicion for allergic contact dermatitis is essential, and patch testing remains the gold standard in diagnosis. Avoidance of the offending allergen, once identified, is the first goal of treatment. Medical therapies include topical corticosteroid and topical immunomodulators. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids or immunomodulators are utilized, although prospective randomized trials for the treatment of this disease in children are lacking. A PubMed literature search was performed to identify publications on allergic contact dermatitis in the pediatric population with the keywords: dermatitis, children, allergic contact dermatitis, pediatrics, contact hypersensitivity, contact allergy, treatment, and management. This review will address the major principles behind the diagnosis and management of this disease in the pediatric population, and highlight useful strategies that may result in improved treatment of this condition. PMID:22993109

A lipid fraction obtained by activity-guided fractionation from the hexane extract of Sideritis javalambrensis was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. This fraction significantly inhibited paw oedema induced by carrageenan as well as ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in mice after oral or topical administration, respectively. Quantitation of the specific marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) demonstrated that its topical anti-inflammatory activity was associated with reduction in cell infiltration into inflamed tissues. The lipid fraction significantly decreased leukocyte granular enzyme release (beta-glucuronidase), but failed to inhibit superoxide generation. Histamine release from mast cells was also suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, non-toxic concentrations of this fraction reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated J774 macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that the lipid fraction exerts in vivo anti-inflammatory activity with the partial contribution of inhibitory actions on some inflammatory responses. PMID:11041250

Abstract Background/Aims: The use of chlorhexidine as a topically applied oral antiseptic is well documented; however, clinical studies examining the effects of chlorhexidine gel on in situ dental caries are limited. This study utilized an in situ caries model and a modified crossover design to examine whether the addition of a biweekly topical, alcohol-free, 1% chlorhexidine digluconate gel to a daily fluoridated dentifrice inhibited artificial caries in dental tissues better than the fluoridated dentifrice alone when compared to a nonfluoridated placebo dentifrice. Methods: Thirty patients were recruited based on their need for a mandibular, full crown. Artificial caries lesions were created in extracted human teeth and enamel and root tissue sections 100 mm in thickness were characteriz...

Nasal vestibular furunculosis is a mucocutaneous disorder commonly seen in the general population. Despite its prevalence in clinical practice, it has been inconsistently described and labeled in the medical literature. We present a case of nasal vestibular furunculosis presenting as recurrent exquisitely tender unilateral erythema and edema of the nasal tip (i.e., the Rudolph sign--as in Rudolph The Red Nosed Reindeer). This symptom complex responded rapidly to topical intranasal mupirocin ointment treatment after having previously failed other treatments including a topical intranasal triple antibiotic ointment and oral doxycycline. This case is instructive as it describes a heretofore under-recognized, but not uncommon, mucocutaneous clinical entity that has been linked to more serious head and neck infections and likely has relevance to the intranasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. We review the limited published literature on this mucocutaneous disorder including its nosology and propose future lines of investigation for better defining its clinical significance and pathogenesis. PMID:22483517

We evaluated antifungal activity as assessed by the contact time in topical use of gentian violet (GV) and povidone-iodine (PI) against Candida strains. A total of 102 yeast isolates were used in this study. A markedly lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)(90) of GV than of PI was detected for all yeast isolates. No remarkable difference in the MICs was observed among the identical strains isolated from different clinical sites for both GV and PI. Although the minimal fungicidal activities (MFCs) of PI were identical for all tested time points, the fungicidal activity of GV decreased during the time course of incubation. These results indicate that, whereas GV is more effective than PI, the topical disinfectant efficacy of GV should be estimated using the MFC(5 min) and not the MIC or the MFC(24 h) for overall prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections and oral infections. PMID:21837508

Summary Background Acne is a chronic disease often requiring the use of medications for extended periods of time. In general, adherence decreases over time in patients with chronic diseases, and adherence to topical medications is poor compared to adherence to oral medications, placing individuals using topical medications at increased risk for nonadherence and treatment failure. Poor adherence may also be a common cause of treatment failure in teens with acne. Purpose We reviewed the current literature on medication adherence in teenagers with acne to assess adherence levels and predictors of adherence. We hope to provide a foundation for further research into medication adherence in acne patients. Methods A Medline search was conducted using the key words "acne" and "adherence" or "compl...

Minds-On Audio-Guided Activities (MAGA) are podcast-delivered instruction designed to facilitate learning through all-body experiments. Instruction by MAGA has undergone preliminary testing in an introductory physics course at Central Michigan University. Topics are currently focused on mechanics and range from discovering the differences between distance and displacement to momentum to the Coriolis effect (see Table I). MAGA instruction emphasizes physical activity, encouraging learners to engage their bodies and minds simultaneously. It targets a combination of learning styles, stimulating group discussion by using technology familiar to the learners. MAGA should be used as either an introductory activity or as a supplemental experience for students, compared with creating an entire class around MAGA-style instruction. Average learning gain1 for the trial semesters shows certain MAGA-covered topics are more effective than others. Oral interviews designed to probe the effectiveness of MAGA as well as student attitudes indicate that MAGA may foster longer-term retention of concepts.

The content that test-takers attempt to convey is not always included in the construct definition of "general" English oral proficiency tests, although some English-for-academic-purposes (EAP) speaking tests and most writing tests tend to place great emphasis on the evaluation of the content or ideas in the performance. This study investigated the relative contribution of linguistic criteria and the elaboration of speech content to scores on a test of speaking proficiency. A speaking test was designed and administered to Japanese undergraduates to determine what criteria English teachers associate with general oral proficiency. Nine raters were recruited to rate 30 students' monologues on three topics, using intuitive judgments of oral proficiency (referred to as "Overall communicative effectiveness"). Following this, they assigned scores to the monologues using five criteria: "Grammatical accuracy", "Fluency", "Vocabulary range", "Pronunciation", and "Content elaboration/development". The raters were also asked to provide open-ended written comments on the factors contributing to their intuitive judgments. Statistical analyses of the scores--Rasch measurement, multiple regression, and multivariate generalizability (G) theory analysis--revealed that "Content elaboration/development" made a substantive contribution to the intuitive judgments and composite score. The present study enriches our understanding of general oral proficiency and the construct definition of proficiency tests. (Contains 1 note and 6 tables.)

Background: Aphthous ulcer is one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity with no known effective treatment so far, which could cause severe discomfort in patients. Aloe vera (A.V.) is a tropical plant with anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant effects, which could be of benefit in a diversity of wound healing conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate topically administered A.V. gel on oral cavity minor aphthous healing. Materials and Methods: As a double-blind (case control) clinical trial, 40 patients with oral minor aphthous lesions were randomly allocated in either the case group (A.V. gel) or the control (placebo) group. The healing time (days after gel application), patient's pain score; the lesion and its surrounding inflammation diameters were recorded for 2 weeks. The obtained results were analyzed by either “Fishers exact” or t-student test using SPSS software. Results: The mean (±SD) of patients’ age was 29.25 ± 8.48 and 27.95 ± 7.96 years in the control and A.V.-treated groups, respectively, which were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The duration of complete wound healing, pain score, wound size and inflammation zone diameter in the A.V.-treated group were significantly lower than the control group (P ? 0.05) on specific time points after treatment. Conclusion: It seems likely that A.V. 2% oral gel is not only effective in decreasing the recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients’ pain score and wound size but also decreases the aphthous wound healing period. PMID:16099322

Vinpocetine (Vin) existing oral formulations suffer poor bioavailability (7%) since Vin undergoes a marked first-pass effect (75%) and its absorption is dissolution rate-limited. In this study, a novel sustained release proniosomal system was designed using sugar esters (SEs) as non-ionic surfactants in which proniosomes were converted to niosomes upon skin water hydration following topical application under occlusive conditions. Different in vitro aspects (encapsulation efficiency, vesicle size and shape, effect of occlusion, in vitro release, skin permeation and stability) were studied leading to an optimized formula that was assessed clinically for transdermal pharmacokinetics and skin irritation. All formulae exhibited high entrapment efficiencies, regardless of the surfactant HLB. Ves...

Ewing sarcoma is a common primary bone malignancy occurring in childhood and adolescence. This case report describes a 4-year-old female patient who had Ewing sarcoma in the left clavicular region. The patient underwent total excision of the left clavicle and subsequently developed periodontitis and multiple carious lesions after chemotherapy. Caries risk and salivary flow rate tests were performed, followed by periodontal treatment, topical fluoride application, restoration of caries, and oral hygiene instruction. The care of this patient demonstrates that an interdisciplinary approach is essential to eliminate all foci of infection, minimize morbidity, and improve the patient's general health before, during, and after oncological treatment. PMID:23095070

Reports of cancer development in lichen planus mostly concern the oral erosive form. The reported frequency of malignant transformation ranges between less than 1% and 10%. There have been a few isolated observations of malignant transformation of cutaneous lichen planus. In these cases, the hypertrophic type located on the lower limbs predominated. We report an unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma developing on the glans penis in the presence of hypertrophic lichen planus. Systemic treatment of the lichen planus with dapsone, retinoids, corticosteroids and topical cyclosporin A failed to prevent this development. PMID:2037486

Abstract BACKROUND: In the present study, the effect of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on the locomotor activity of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), was evaluated. Because it has been proposed that thiamethoxam is metabolised to clothianidin, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the amount of clothianidin on thiamethoxam-treated cockroaches. RESULTS: One hour after neonicotinoid treatment, the time spent in the open-field-like apparatus significantly increased, suggesting a decrease in locomotor activity. The percentage of cockroaches displaying locomotor activity was significantly reduced 1 h after haemolymph application of 1 nmol g-1 neonicotinoid, while no significant effect was found after topical and oral administrati...

This article offers a brief case study and overview of treatment options for patients diagnosed with brachioradial pruritus (BRP). BRP is characterized by localized itching on the dorsolateral aspect of the forearm or upper arm. Patients with BRP often report seasonal itching in late summer and into fall. Although the symptoms of BRP may be subjectively severe, the physical exam is often benign. The pruritus associated with BRP is often intense and frequently compromises the patients quality of life. Treatment options vary and include both topical and oral medications.

The plan and purpose of this book is to provide educationally sound theories and creative activities in the teaching of English. This Third Edition retains many of the activities that were included in previous editions but also offers much new material based on the most current research and practice in English education. The book provides, in great detail, proven and tested measures for teachers to use to be successful in their instructional efforts. Major topics well described include creating an effective classroom climate, preparation for group interaction, teaching oral English, the teachi

The 27th International Conference on Free Electron Lasers, FEL2005, was held from August 21-26, 2005, at the Arrillaga Alumni Center at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Following the tradition of previous conferences, a broad spectrum of topics was covered: high gain, single-pass Free Electron Lasers (FELs); high average power, long wavelength FELs; FEL oscillators and storage ring FELs; and technology advances related to accelerators, undulators, high brightness electron guns, diagnostics and detectors. A number of contributions were devoted to recent developments of X-ray FELs and potential future applications. The FEL community was engaged in lively discussions both at the oral sessions and during the poster sessions.

This paper provides images and a description of an unusual manifestation of relapsing polychondritis presenting initially with isolated ocular signs, mimicking infective keratitis. We present an interventional case report of a 75-year-old man who presented with marked left ocular irritation and photophobia. Ophthalmological examination disclosed corneal intrastromal infiltrate and hypopyon which failed to respond to intensive antimicrobial drops. He later went on to develop bilateral auricular chondritis. Relapsing polychondritis was diagnosed. Treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids resulted in marked improvement of the corneal infiltrate and resolution of the auricular inflammation. The paper highlights the importance of considering connective tissue inflammatory conditions in any stromal keratitis unresponsive to antimicrobial treatment.

Pigmentary abnormalities are among the most common reasons why patients with skin of color visit a dermatologist. Hydroquinone has been a cornerstone for the treatment of hyperpigmentation; however, concerns regarding adverse effects have prompted a search for alternative agents. Some promising topical treatments include soy, licorice, rucinol, mulberry, niacinamide, ellagic acid, resveratrol, and dioic acid. Oral agents, primarily used for the prevention of postprocedural hyperpigmentation, include procyanidins, tranexamic acid, and Polypodium leucotomos. Advances in Q-switched lasers, intense pulse light, fractional photothermolysis, and the advent of tretinoin peeling add to the clinician's armamentarium for treating hyperpigmentation.

Human populations are increasingly exposed to various carcinogens such as chemicals, radiation, and viruses in the environment. Chemopreventive drugs of plant origin are a promising strategy for cancer control because they are generally nontoxic or less toxic than synthetic che-mopreventive agents, and can be effective at different stages of carcinogenesis. The present investigation was undertaken to explore the antitumor activity of topical treatment with aloe vera (Aloe vera) gel, oral treatment with aloe vera extract, and topical and oral treatment with both gel and extract in stage-2 skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice induced by 7,12-dim ethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted croton (Croton tiglium) oil. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: Group I, DMBA + croton oil only (controls); Group II, DMBA + croton oil + topical aloe vera gel; Group III, DMBA + croton oil + oral aloe vera extract; Group I V, DMBA + croton oil + topical aloe vera gel + oral aloe vera extract. Results showed that body weight was significantly increased from 78.6% in the control group (Group I) to 92.5%, 87.5%, and 90.0% in Groups II, III, and I V, respectively. A 100% incidence of tumor development was noted in Group I, which was decreased to 50%, 60%, and 40% in Groups II, III, and I V, respectively. Also in Groups II, III, and IV, the cumulative number of papillomas was reduced significantly from 36 to 12, 15, and 11; tumor yield from 3.6 to 1.2, 1.5, and 1.1; and tumor burden from 3.6 to 2.4, 2.50, and 2.75, respectively, after treatment with aloe vera. Conversely, the average latent period increased significantly from 4.9 (Group I) to 5.23, 5.0, and 6.01 weeks in Groups II, III, and I V, respectively. We conclude that aloe vera protects mice against DMBA/croton oil-induced skin papillomagenesis, likely due to the chemopreventive activity of high concentrations of antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E; glutathione peroxidase; several isozymes of superoxide dismutase; the minerals selenium and zinc; and polysaccharides in aloe vera. PMID:20932247

A 7-year-old girl of Colombian descent was referred for diagnosis and treatment. She initially presented signs of universal itchy eczema in the spring of 2003. She responded to local treatment with topical steroids, but her symptoms rapidly re-emerged after discharge. Further investigations led to the conclusion that the patient suffered from Actinic Prurigo. The disease was very severe and there was a lack of response to treatment with oral prednisolone, antihistamines and pentoxyfyllin. Therefore the patient was treated with Thalidomide 50 mg/25 mg daily (alternating). This resulted in the complete clearance of her skin symptoms except postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Mar-31

Laue diffraction is currently undergoing a lively renaissance due to new instrumental developments at both synchrotron X-ray and neutron sources. The aim of the workshop Laue-2007 is to offer state-of-the-art experimental methods and hands-on experience of data analysis for exploration, using single-crystal Laue diffraction, of the crystalline structure of complex materials in extreme cases. The oral sessions cover the following topics: -) history and renaissance of Laue diffraction, -) modern X-ray techniques, -) modern neutron techniques, -) applications, -) analysis and software demonstrations including hands-on experience, and -) future directions. This document gathers the abstracts of the presentations and of the posters.

Recurrent community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections are an increasingly common problem. However, there are no data on the efficacy of decolonization regimens. We prospectively evaluated 31 patients with recurrent CA-MRSA skin infections who received nasal mupirocin, topical hexachlorophene body wash, and an oral anti-MRSA antibiotic. The mean number of MRSA infections after the intervention decreased significantly from baseline (0.03 versus 0.84 infections/month, P = <0.0001). This regimen appears promising at preventing recurrent CA-MRSA infections. PMID:22083485

Laser systems are a new treatment area for onychomycosis. As of January 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four laser systems for the "temporary increase of clear nail in onychomycosis." The FDA has approved these devices on the basis of "substantial equivalence" to predicate devices with similar technical specifications and applications. Laser therapy appears to be a promising alternative to traditional pharmacotherapy, but these systems have been tested in only limited clinical trials; therefore, it is not possible to compare their efficacy to the oral and topical drugs currently used in the treatment of onychomycosis. PMID:23001739

Radioisotopes of I pose an important health risk to man in nuclear accidents associated with electric power generation due to their uptake by the thyroid glands. Topical application of tincture of I or povidone-iodine to the skin of rats has been found to be as effective as oral administration of potassium iodide in blocking thyroid uptake of parenterally administered 131I. If the same effectiveness can be demonstrated in humans, this may be an attractive alternative method of mass protection from radioisotopes of I following nuclear accidents.

Abstract A 4-year-old rabbit was presented with a chronic exfoliative dermatitis and patchy alopecia. General physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Skin scrapings and fungal culture were negative. A blood sample was obtained for a complete blood cell count and biochemical profile, and yielded results that were within normal limits. Radiographic examination of the thorax excluded the presence of a thymoma. Histopathology of the skin showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, absence of sebaceous glands and mural lymphocytic folliculitis, consistent with sebaceous adenitis. Oral treatment was started with ciclosporin dissolved in a medium-chain triglyceride solution (Miglyol 812), combined with essential fatty acids and topical propylene glycol sprays. Within 2 months of treatment, comp...

A 50-year-old man with multiple sclerosis developed unilateral acute retinal necrosis following a long-term systemic corticosteroid administration for treatment of an attack of paraparesis. The patient was treated with systemic acyclovir, aspirin, oral steroids and topical cyclopentolate and prednisolone acetate for almost 3?months. Pars plana vitrectomy and 360? endolaser photocoagulation posterior to necrotic retinal areas were performed a week after the initial diagnosis. Varicella zoster DNA was confirmed by PCR analysis in the vitreous sample. Two months later, pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection was performed successfully to treat complicated retinal detachment. Careful peripheral fundus examination is essential when acute unexplained visual loss is noted in patients re...

Prurigo nodularis is a chronic condition characterized by a papulonodular pruriginous eruption of unknown aetiology. This condition is a difficult disease to treat and causes frustration to both the patient and the treating doctor. A variety of systemic conditions have been reported to be associated with prurigo nodularis. The mechanism by which these disorders may trigger prurigo nodularis is unknown. Nerve growth factor has been implicated in the pathogenesis of prurigo nodularis. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P immunoreactive nerves are markedly increased in prurigo nodularis when compared with normal skin. These neuropeptides may mediate the cutaneous neurogenic inflammation and pruritus in prurigo nodularis. Topical or intralesional glucocorticoids are the treatment of choice. Other topical treatments such as topical vitamin D3, and topical capsaicin have also been reported to be effective. Oral treatments such as cyclosporin and thalidomide have been shown to improve both appearance of the skin and pruritus. We review the clinical features, associations, pathology, pathogenesis and treatment of prurigo nodularis. PMID:16197418

Oral cancer has becomes the most prominent male cancer disease due to the local betel nut chewing habit combing with smoking and alcohol-drinking lifestyle. In order to minimize the systemic phototoxic effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), this study was designed to use a topical ALA-mediated PDT for treatment of DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch cancerous lesions. DMBA was applied to one of the buccal pouches of hamsters thrice a week for 8 to 10 weeks. Precancerous lesions were induced and proven by histological examination. These DMBA-induced cancerous lesions were used for testing the efficacy of topical ALA -mediated PDT. We found that ALA reached its peak level in cancerous lesions about 2.5 hrs after topical application of ALA gel. The precancerous lesions in hamsters were then treated with topical ALA -mediated PDT with light exposure dose of 75 and 100 J/cm2 using LED 635 nm Wonderlight device. It is suggesting that optimization of the given light dose is critical to the success of PDT results.

"Clearing" magazine is a bi-monthly environmental education resource and activity guide for K-12 teachers in the Pacific Northwest. Each of these four volumes is a compilation of outstanding articles and activities from past issues of "Clearing." Volume I (Issues 1-20) presents 47 articles organized into four sections: "Spring,""Summer,""Autumn," and "Winter." Topics covered in the articles include bird watching, origami, investigating environmental issues, Native Americans, and recycling. Volume II (Issues 21-40) presents 37 articles and activities on topics such as: global awareness, dunes, El Nino, wetlands, and Earth magic--listening to the Earth. Volume III (Issues 41-60) presents 47 articles and activities on topics such as: exemplary programs in environmental education, tropical rainforests, biological diversity, hazardous waste, plastics in the marine environment, and oil spills. Volume IV (Issues 61-80) contains 75 articles and activities that cover topics such as: plastic recycling, Native American oral traditions in environmental education, ozone trends, dwindling northwest salmon, garbage, Chief Seattle, and computer-aided environmental education.

This document consists of a final report and curriculum materials from a project that designed a set of curriculum packages to meet the needs and interests of senior citizens. The curriculum presented topics that were critical to the daily lives of older adults while integrating basic skills. Classes met for each topic approximately six to eight sessions. Student learning gains were assessed by oral and written testing. Findings indicated an increase in creativity and knowledge in areas of interest to the senior citizens led to an improvement in basic math, reading, and writing skills. The senior life skills curriculum's eight packages provide the following: objectives, course overview, materials list, instructional approaches, recommended evaluation, lesson outlines, and, in some cases, worksheets and a bibliography. Quicken 5 is a computerized financial management course. Genealogy I and II are computer courses that provide skills to trace ancestral roots. Chemical Hazards in the Home covers topics relating to chemical hazards found in the home and their potential toxicity. More Mileage from Your Memory covers topics relating to memory concerns of senior citizens and ways to improve one's memory. Creative Writing is designed to stimulate the imagination and provoke creative thoughts that can be translated into written word. Food Facts and Fallacies relates to dietary concerns. Taking the Mystery Out of Medicine covers medical problems, issues, and terms often encountered by senior citizens. (YLB)

Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood's light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (ectothrix organisms); however, Wood's light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks. PMID:9585862

Abstract in spanish La enfermedad de jarabe de arce o cetoaciduria de cadena ramificada es causada por una deficiencia en la actividad del complejo de la deshidrogenasa de los a cetoácidos de cadena ramificada. Esta enfermedad se hereda con carácter autósomico recesivo, afecta por igual a ambos sexos, siendo su incidencia de 1/200.000 recién nacidos. Basado en la presentación clínica y respuesta bioquímica a la administración de tiamina, estos pacientes se dividen en cinco fenotipos (more) clínicos y bioquímicos diferentes: clásica, intermedia, intermitente, sensible a tiamina y deficiencia de dihidrolipoil deshidrogenasa (E3). En los pacientes con esta enfermedad se detecta un aumento cualitativo de aminoácidos ramificados en plasma, se puede apreciar por métodos utilizados en screening (cromatografía en capa fina) durante el periodo neonatal. Los aminoácidos valina, isoleucina, y aloisoleucina se encuentran aumentados en plasma, orina, y líquido cefalorraquídeo determinados por cromatografía de intercambio iónico, cromatografía de alta resolución o electroforesis alto voltaje. Es necesario diferenciar la fase en la que se encuentra el paciente (fase aguda o fase de mantenimiento). Los objetivos en la fase de descompensación metabólica aguda se basan en tres puntos: eliminar los metabolitos tóxicos, soporte nutricional y conseguir anabolismo. La utilización de exaguinotransfusión/hemodiálisis/diálisis peritoneal es una de las primeras medidas, junto con las modificaciones dietéticas que aportan un minimo energético y que intentan controlar los niveles de aminoácidos en sangre. La utilización de fórmulas dietéticas modificadas artificialmente constituye uno de los pilares del tratamiento en estos pacientes. Abstract in english Mapple syrup disease is secondary to a deficiency of deshidrogenase complex of a cetoacid of branched-chain. This disease has a recesive autosomic inheritance, with an incidence of 1/200.000 newborns, without differences between male and female. Due to clinical presentation and biochemical response to tiamin, these patients can be classified in five clinical entities: classic, intermediate, intermittent, positive response to tiamin and defficience of dihidrolipoil deshidr (more) ogenase (E3). In these patients, an increase of seric branched-chain aminoacids is detected, it could be detected by (cromathography) during neonatal period. Valine, isoleucine, and aloisoleucine are incresaed in serum, orine, and cephaloraquideum liquid by ionic changed cromathography, cromathography of high resolution or high voltage electrophoresis. Patients have two phases in this disease (acute phase and mantaining phase). Objectives in acute phase are based in three topics: to eliminate toxic metabolites, nutritional support and to get anabolism. Utilization of hemodyalisis/peritoneal dyalisis/blood exchange is one of the first treatments. Dietetic support is the second treatment, with a minimun energy intake and controlling blood levels of aminoacids. Modified dietetic formulas is a main device to treat these patients.

Consideration is given to the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian elastic liquids in a channel obstructed by an antisymmetric array of cylinders. Experiments are carried out on Newtonian maltose-syrup/water mixtures and a variety of non-Newtonian liquids, including constant-viscosity Boger fluids an...

...Year 2013 Tariff-Rate Quotas for Raw Cane Sugar and Certain Sugars, Syrups and Molasses...Tariff-Rate Quotas (TRQ). The FY 2013 raw cane sugar TRQ is established at 1,117,195...54.35 percent of the OAQ), and the cane sugar sector was allotted...

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) or branched-chain alpha-ketoaciduria is an autosomally inherited disorder in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The disease is characterized by severe ketoacidosis, mental retardation, and neurological impairments. MSUD can ...

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is caused by a deficiency in the mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. The incidence of MSUD in the Philadelphia Mennonites is 1/176 births resulting from consanguinity. In this study, we amplified cDNAs for the decarboxylase E1 alpha su...

Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) deficiency results in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). We examined the molecular basis of familial cases of MSUD by analyzing the activity, subunit structure, mRNA sequence, and genome structure of the affected enzyme. The BCKDH activity in the pr...

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) results from a deficiency of branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). We have studied the etiology of MSUD by determining the enzyme activity, protein, and mRNA levels of BCKDH in fibroblasts from a classic MSUD patient and his parents. By enzymatic ampli...

Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complexes of lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with classical maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) phenotypes were studied in terms of their catalytic functions and analyzed by immunoblotting, using affinity purified anti-bovine BCKDH an...

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keta acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) complex. The multienzyme complex comprises five enzyme components, including the E1 decarboxylase with a heterotetrameric (alpha 2 beta 2) structure. Four unrelated Hi...

Untreated maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) results in mental and physical disabilities and often leads to neonatal death. Newborn-screening programs, coupled with the use of protein-modified diets, have minimized the severity of this phenotype and allowed affected individuals to develop into product...

Some patients with maple syrup urine disease respond to thiamine administration with a reduction in ketoaciduria and increase in activity of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. The biochemical mechanism underlying this effect is unknown but may result from decreased affinity of the mutant e...

To detect heterozygotes for maple-syrup-urine disease (MSUD), activities of branched-chain-alpha-ketoacid (BCKA) dehydrogenase and its components in skin fibroblasts of two obligatory heterozygotes and amnion cells of a fetus at risk were measured. Intact heterozygous cells were found to decarboxyla...

The collection of maple sap for the production of maple syrup is a large commercial enterprise in Canada and the United States. In Canada, which produces 85% of the world’s supply, it has an annual value of over $168 million CAD. Over 38 million trees are tapped annually, 6.5% of which use tradition...

Seven flavonoids, pongaflavone (1), karanjin (2), pongapin (3), pongachromene (4), 3,7-Dimethoxy-3', 4'-methylenedioxyflavone (5), millettocalyxin C( 6), 3,3',4', 7-tetramethoxyflavone (7), were isolated from 50% EtOH syrup of the bark of Pongamia pinnata and structureal elucidated on the base of spectral data. Compound 6 was isolated for first time from the plant of the genus Pongamia. PMID:15551964

The production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NNRL B-3693, using molasses as an inexpensive carbon source, was evaluated. The bacterium produced mannitol (104.4 ± 0.6 g/L) from molasses and fructose syrups (1:1; total sugars, 150 g/L; fructose:glucose, 4:1) in 16 h. Several kinds of inex...

A simple reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method coupled with a photodiode array detector (PAD) has been developed and validated for the analysis of hederacoside C, the marker of ivy plant, in Ivy-Thyme cough syrup. Separation of hederacoside C was achieved using a Ph...

... 35 1 oz 0.06 14194 Cocoa mix, powder, prepared with water 206 1 serving 0.06 09257 Pears, canned, heavy syrup pack, solids and liquids 76 1 half 0.06 18364 Tortillas, ready-to-bake or -fry, flour 32 1 tortilla 0.06 09254 Pears, ...

The addition of corn steep liquor at concentrations of 1-20 L/100 cubic metres and with total solid content of 32.0% increased ethanol production from 16-19 to 22-25 g/L/hour when sugarcane syrup was fermented. However, fermentation of sugarcane molasses was not significantly enhanced by corn steep liquor.

New ethanol-tolerant yeast strains were isolated from crude recycle yeasts used for fuel ethanol production in the 1983 sugar cane crop. The ethanol-tolerant isolates were able to produce and tolerate ethanol above 20% (v/v) in the fermentation of sugar cane syrup. (author).

... amount of fructose without problems. By keeping a food diary, you can determine how much fructose is too much for you. Limit intake of: Fruit, fruit juices and dried fruit. Honey. Sodas and other beverages containing high fructose corn syrup. Alcohol. Allergy or ...

Observational studies have linked sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption to weight gain, metabolic syndrome and risk of type 2 DM. Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia are key metabolic abnormalities associated with these conditions. High-fructose corn syrup, the main caloric sweetener in so...

Chlor-Trimeton (chlorprophenpyridamine maleate) syrup was effective in preventing and controlling nausea and vomiting in 53 of 57 patients. In doses of one to four teaspoonfuls (2 to 8 mg.), it controlled nausea and vomiting following operative procedures, vomiting due to nonspecific causes, hyperem...

The degree of bitterness of clarithromycin (CAM) dry syrup was evaluated using several methods. Using the inversion method, shaking method, and paddle method, a reasonable correlation between the bitter taste and the amount dissolved was not observed. A mini-column with inner diameter of 0.76 cm and height of 5 cm packed with CAM dry syrup was used for the release test. The release rate of CAM in test solution, which passed through the mini-column, was then measured to evaluate bitterness. The release rate of CAM in the release test using the mini-column correlated well with the results of a sensory test for the bitterness of CAM dry syrup. The dissolution rate constant, defined as the percentage of CAM dissolved from the unit void surface multiplied by the void volume, was inversely proportional to the linear velocity of the test solution. The critical factors affecting evaluation of bitterness were the void volume of the column and linear velocity of the test solution. The optimum linear velocity and void volume were 0.048—0.021 cm/min and 0.27—0.12 cm3, respectively. In addition, the threshold of bitterness of CAM dry syrup was defined as the concentration at which half of the volunteers recognized bitterness in the sensory test. This threshold was found to be 135 ?g/ml using the mini-column.   

There has been much concern regarding the role of dietary fructose in the development of metabolic diseases. This concern arises from the continuous increase in fructose (and total added caloric sweeteners consumption) in recent decades, and from the increased use of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) ...

Abstract in spanish El teflujo gastro-esofágico (RGE) es un trastorno digestivo muy frecuente que se caracteriza por el paso de cantidades patológicas de ácido del estómago hacia el esófago. Esto es debido a una incompetencia de los mecanismos que regulan la retención del contenido gástrico en el estómago por causas primarias o secundarias. Las consecuencias clínicas de este reflujo afectan al tracto aerodigestivo superior, incluyendo la boca. Lo más frecuente es la esofagitis, seg (more) uido por la afectación de faringe y laringe y finalmente por alteraciones patológicas en la boca. A éste nivel lo más frecuente es la erosión del esmalte y las lesiones erosivas de la mucosa oral. Presentamos el caso de un paciente en el que el RGE fue diagnosticado de forma indirecta por la impregnación y coloración de una férula oclusal utilizada para el tratamiento de un síndrome miofascial. Partiendo de este caso se discuten las consecuencias del RGE en la cavidad oral y su asociación con el dolor muscular masticatorio. Abstract in english The gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease is a very frequent digestive disorder, mainly characterised by the reflux of the gastric acidic content to the esophage in abnormal quantities. There are different situations that favour this situation but almost in all of them rely an incompetence of the esophagic sphincter. The clinical consequences are many, including oral manifestations. Among all of them the most frequent is the esophagitis followed by symptoms at the pharynx (more) or larynx and finally, the oral cavity. At this level fundamentally we will find enamel and oral mucosa erosions. We report the case of a patient who was indirectly diagnosed of her esophague disease by the observation of the alterations in the occlusal splint induced by the gastric reflux. We review the literature concerning the above topic and its possible association with the miofascial syndrome.

A young male giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) recently acquired by the Lion Country Safari in Loxahatchee, Florida, was diagnosed and successfully treated for Haemonchus infection while in quarantine. Seven weeks after introduction into a group of resident giraffes, this giraffe presented with diarrhea. Fecal evaluation revealed an extremely high count of 16,700 eggs/g, with larval identification of the parasite as Haemonchus. A larval development assay showed resistance to the three classes of anthelmintics currently used to treat Haemonchus contortus: the benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles, and macrocyclic lactones. The giraffe was treated with a combination of moxidectin topically and fenbendazole orally, and follow-up fecal examination 2 wk later showed a marked reduction in strongyle-type eggs. However, within 2 mo the giraffe had a packed cell volume of 22% and an eggs per gram count of 11,900. The animal was then treated with moxidectin topically and copper oxide wire particles orally and removed from the contaminated area. Because of the unusual host, molecular analysis of the parasite was employed, which confirmed the nematode as H. contortus. It is likely that the monthly rotational deworming schedule first implemented more than 5 yr earlier contributed to the development of multiple anthelmintic resistance in this H. contortus population. The proper use of anthelmintics and good pasture management are crucial to reducing the parasite burden in captive giraffe. PMID:19368252

The present study is aimed at the encapsulation of griseofulvin in the deformable membrane vesicles (DMVs) for dermal delivery. Presently, griseofulvin is available only in conventional oral dosage forms that suffer from the issues of poor and highly variable bioavailability, numerous systemic side effects and long duration of treatment. Multi-lamellar drug-loaded DMVs of griseofulvin (Indian Patent Application 208/DEL/2009) were prepared by thin-film hydration method and were optimized for type and concentration of edge activator (EA). The optimized formulation was evaluated for vesicular shape, size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, pH, stability, spreadability, ex vivo skin permeation, dermatokinetics, skin sensitivity, in vitro antifungal assay and in vivo antifungal activity against Microsporum canis using guinea pig model for dermatophytosis. The optimized DMVs illustrated remarkably higher drug permeation and skin retention when compared with liposomes. A complete clinical and mycological cure was observed in animals treated with topical griseofulvin formulation in 10 days. The formulation was observed to be non-sensitizing, histopathologically safe, and stable at 5±3°C, 25±2°C and 40±2°C for a period of six months. The results indicated that the topical formulation of DMVs of griseofulvin could be utilized as an alternative to reduce the encumbrance of conventional oral formulations. PMID:22939964

The aim of the study is to present the results of combination treatment for adult non-traumatic subglottic stenosis (SGS). This is a retrospective chart review of 12 female patients (age range 32-76 years) with idiopathic SGS (eight patients) and Wegener's granulomatosis. All patients had a hard and 11 a short (less than 1 cm) stenosis. Eleven patients were treated with endoscopic CO(2) laser, one with Nd-YAG laser. Topical triamcinolone was applied to all. In 10 patients, topical mitomycin C (MMC) was additionally applied. Symptom severity and airway resistance (AR) were evaluated pre- and post-interventionally. Postoperatively, oral steroids (and/or methotrexate) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were prescribed. Follow-up period ranged between 7 and 115 months. All patients reported a significant improvement in obstructive symptoms. Average AR preoperatively was 1.004 kPa/(L/s) and postoperatively 0.526 kPa/(L/s). Three patients underwent surgery once, 2 required a second surgery, 5 were operated 3 times, one 5 times, and one 7 times. The latter two patients had not received local MMC treatment. Endoscopic laser surgery combined with local MMC and triamcinolone application and postoperative oral steroid/methotrexate and PPI therapy provides a treatment option that results in prolongation of the symptom-free time intervals and avoidance of open surgery in patients with idiopathic and Wegener-associated hard and short SGS. PMID:23132127

... http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00095) Fractures Overview Fractures Overview (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00139) Growth Plate Fractures Growth Plate Fractures (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic. ...

We have previously shown that the oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis) SBC8803 strain inhibits IgE production in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice through improvement of the type-1 helper T (Th1)/Th2 balance toward Th1 dominance. Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases and is frequently associated with elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against many kinds of allergens. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of oral administration of L. brevis SBC8803 on the development of dermatitis and IgE elevation using the NC/Nga atopic dermatitis model mice. Male 8-week-old NC/Nga mice were sensitized by the topical application of picryl chloride to foot pads and shaved abdomen. These mice were boosted with picryl chloride by topical application onto the ears once a week for 9 weeks. The mice (n=10 per group) were fed a diet containing 0%, 0.05% or 0.5% of heat-killed L. brevis SBC8803 from 2 weeks before the first sensitization to the end of the study. Total IgE concentration in serum, clinical score, and ear thickness were periodically examined throughout the study. Finally, cytokine (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-? and transforming growth factor (TGF)-?) productions from splenocytes and Peyer's patch (PP) cells of mice were measured. Oral administration of L. brevis SBC8803 significantly inhibited IgE production and ear swelling, and suppressed the development of dermatitis in a dose-dependent manner. Immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-? production from PP cells significantly increased in the 0.5% group compared to the control group although Th1-type and Th2-type cytokines production was not affected.   

Abstract in spanish El objetivo fundamental de la salud en Cuba es el desarrollo de la medicina comunitaria, que tiene como fin promover salud y prevenir enfermedades. Uno de los temas fundamentales y relacionado específicamente con la salud bucal es la caries dental. Teniendo en cuenta la alta prevalencia de esta enfermedad, las autoras se propusieron realizar una estrategia de intervención educativa con el objetivo de c apacitar a maestros de primero y segundo grado de la enseñanza prim (more) aria en diversos temas, para que puedan llevar a cabo actividades de promoción de salud. La muestra de esta investigación fue seleccionada no probabilística, y la constituyeron 82 maestros. Al finalizar la intervención educativa, el 75,6 % de los encuestados alcanzaron calificaciones de excelente, elevándose la capacitación de estos docentes en relación con temas de salud bucal, logrando conocimientos superiores en los niños de los grados iniciales de la enseñanza primaria. Abstract in english The main health objective in Cuba is developing the communitarian medicine aimed to health promotion and diseases prevention. One of the main topics, specifically related with oral health, is dental caries. Considering the high prevalence of this disease, the authors planned to develop an strategy of educative intervention aimed to prepare primary school first and second grade teachers in various topics for them the develop health promotion activities. The sample was not (more) probabilistically selected, and was formed by 82 teachers. At the end of the educative intervention, 75,6 % of the enquired persons were qualified as outstanding, raising knowledge of these teachers in relation with oral health topics, and reaching higher knowledge in children beginning the primary school.

Abstract in spanish Se analizaron el epitelio y la capa de queratina de la mucosa oral de 15 ratas que durante 45 días fueron sometidas a una aplicación tópica de picadura de tabaco y de colutorio bucal con una concentración de alcohol del 26,9 %. Tras ese período, se extrajeron las mucosas y se les realizó un análisis histológico. Se observó una significativa disminución del espesor del epitelio y de la capa de queratina, lo que indica que la picadura asociada con colutorios bucales con alta concentración de alcohol, provoca la reducción del espesor de la capa de queratina y del epitelio de la boca. Abstract in english The epithelium and the keratin layer of the oral mucous membrane of 15 rats that were subjected to a topical application of cut tobacco and mouthwashes with an alcohol concentration of 26.9 % during 45 days were analyzed. After that period, the oral mucous membranes were removed and a histological analysis was made. It was observed a significant decrease of the thickness of the epithelium and of the keratin layer, which shows that cut tobbaco associated with collutories w (more) ith a high concentration of alcohol causes the reduction of the thickness of the keratin layer and of the mouth epithelium.

We investigated the inhibitory effect of an oral administration of a hop water extract (HWE) on the development of dermatitis by using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis model mice. The induction of allergic dermatitis was conducted by tape-stripping and topical application of a mite antigen (Dermatophagoides farinae) on to the ear once a week for 10 weeks. HWE was orally administered at a dose of 100 or 500 mg/kg. The total immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration in serum and the ear thickness were periodically examined. Finally, the antigen-specific IgE level in the serum and the production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-? from splenocytes and cervical lymph node cells were measured. The oral administration of HWE significantly inhibited the increase of total IgE production and ear swelling throughout the experimental period. The production of IL-12 was significantly lower in the HWE administered group than in the control group. The results suggest that the intake of HWE may be effective in preventing and alleviating the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin disease.   

Concerns have been raised about the use of topical retinoids since the publication of isolated cases of characteristic retinoid embryopathy, originally described after oral use. A collaborative study of the European Network of Teratology Information Services was carried out to evaluate the rate of congenital malformations following first-trimester topical retinoid exposure. A population of 235 exposed pregnant women was compared with 444 controls. No significant differences were observed between groups with regard to the rates of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.5 [0.8-2.7]), minor birth defects (1.3 [0.4-3.7]), and major birth defects (1.8 [0.6-5.4]). No child showed features of retinoid embryopathy. The rate of elective termination in the exposed group was increased 3-fold (3.4 [1.5-7.8]). In conclusion, these results do not suggest an increased risk of retinoid embryopathy. However, according to current knowledge, topical retinoids cannot be advised for use during pregnancy because their risk/benefit ratio remains questionable. PMID:22174426

Clinical findings and treatment of keratomycosis caused by Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic filamentous fungus, are described for an 80-year-old woman, who was referred to the hospital for ocular pain and redness on the 9th day after an ocular injury caused by the frame of her glasses. She had a long history of recurrent diabetic iritis and continuously used topical antibiotics and corticosteroids. At her first visit, a slit-lamp examination indicated a corneal ulcer confined within the superficial stromal layer, along with a slight infiltration and edema. Only a very few inflammatory cells were seen in the anterior chamber. Direct microscopic examination of corneal scrapings revealed septate fungal hyphae with zig-zag rachis and budding that was subsequently identified as B. bassiana by slide culture. Topical voriconazole with miconazole, pimaricin and oral itraconazole were effective and the lesion disappeared leaving only a mild scar at 2 months. The sensitivity of B. bassiana to various antimycotic agents was confirmed by broth microdilution, agar dilution with the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute standard, and a disk method using topically applied concentrations. B. bassiana, which exhibits a characteristic appearance in smears and causes superficial keratomycosis, is sensitive to voriconazole with miconazole, pimaricin, and itraconazole. PMID:19668774