Chondromyxoid fibroma is an unusual, benign tumor of cartilaginous origin and represents less than 1% of all primary bone tumors. It usually involves the long bones around the knee joint or the flat bones of the pelvis or ribs. Soft tissue extension is also thought to be rare in these lesions. They are usually eccentrically located in the metaphyses of the long bones and centrally in the flat bones. The radiographic appearances are characteristically those of a single, lytic lesion with lobulated margins, septations, cortical expansion and a sclerotic rim. Histologically, they display a lobulated pattern with spindle-shaped cells lying within a myxoid matrix with areas of hyaline cartilage. The differential diagnosis includes giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma or enchondroma as well as chondrosarcoma. The rarity of these lesions may render the diagnosis difficult to make, especially when the lesion involves an unusual site such as the acromium. (orig.)

A case of lethal, subacute monocytic leukaemia is described in which the development of multiple sclerotic bone lesions, resembling metastases, was due to secondary myeloid metaplasia. The spectrum of leukaemic involvement of the skeleton is discussed with emphasis on sclerotic bone lesions. The differential diagnosis of other focal areas of bone sclerosis is considered.

Distant metastases from breast cancer most frequently occur in the skeleton. Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), with or without computed tomography (CT), is superior to bone scintigraphy for the detection of osteolytic bone metastases, it has been reported that sclerotic bone metastases frequently show no or only a low degree of FDG uptake on PET and PET/CT. Since both lytic and sclerotic metastases can occur in breast cancer patients, bone scintigraphy may remain of additional value in these patients. In this case series, we describe four breast cancer patients in whom FDG PET/CT has clearly visualized sclerotic bone metastases because of increased FDG uptake. Not so much the type of metastasis (sclerotic or lytic), but possibly the characteristics o...

We used our established experimental model of revision joint replacement to examine the roles of hydroxyapatite coating and bone graft in improving the fixation of revision implants. The revision protocol uses the Søballe micromotion device in a preliminary 8-week period of implant instability for the presence of particulate polyethylene. During this procedure, a sclerotic endosteal bone rim forms, and a dense fibrous membrane is engendered, having macrophages with ingested polyethylene and high levels of inflammatory cytokines. At the time of revision after 8 weeks, the cavity is revised with either a titanium alloy (Ti) or a hydroxyapatite (HA) 6.0 mm plasma-sprayed implant, in the presence or absence of allograft packed into the initial 0.75 mm peri-implant gap. The contralateral limb is subjected to primary surgery with the same implant configuration, and serves as control. 8 implants were included in each of the 8 treatment groups (total 64 implants in 32 dogs). The observation period was 4 weeks after revision. Outcome measures are based on histomorphometry and mechanical pushout properties. The revision setting was always inferior to its primary counterpart. Bone graft improved the revision fixation in all treatment groups, as also did the HA coating. The sole exception was revision-grafted HA implants, which reached the same fixation as primary Ti and HA grafted implants. The revision, which was less active in general, seems to need the dual stimulation of bone graft and HA implant surface, to obtain the same level of fixation associated with primary implants. Our findings suggest that the combination of HA implant and bone graft may be of benefit in the clinical revision implant setting.

A wide spectrum of osseous abnormalities has been reported in association with vascular lesions. Enchondromas, bone hypertrophy, bone lysis, and sclerotic bone lesions have all been reported in association with hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, varicosities, and arteriovenous fistulae. These associations can be grouped into four major syndromes: Maffucci syndrome, mixed sclerosing bone dystrophy with angiodysplasia, congenital angiectatic hypertrophy (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome), and massive osteolysis (Gorham syndrome).

Osteopetrosis is a genetic disease characterized by enhanced bone density and changes in bone structure. In contrast to the benign type with its mostly symptomless course, the malignant variant of osteopetrosis exhibits a lethal development involving complete sclerotization of the bones with the medullary spaces being filled in by bony mass. The author describes MRI findings and blood-chemistry changes and gives data on differential diagnosis. (orig./TRV).

The present study reports a case of developmental salivary gland defect. On panoramic examination, large radiolucent lesion surrounded by a sclerotic wall was noted in the right posterior mandible. On CT examination, large lingual bone concavity with extra-osseous course of the inferior alveolar nerve bundle was detected. In atypical cases, it is suggested that confirmatory imaging using CT or MRI should be taken.

A benign- appearing osteolytic lesion surrounded by a sclerotic rim was found in the upper fibula of a 25-year-old man. Based on histological features the definitive diagnosis of osteofibrous dysplasia-differentiated adamantinoma was made. The correct histological diagnosis of differentiated adamantinoma depends on factors such as the uniform predominance of an osteofibrous dysplasia-like pattern, and scattered epithelial elements positive for cytokeratin and vimentin. In this case the scattered epithelial cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and resembled rhabdoid elements, but immunohistochemistry proved their epithelial origin. (orig.)

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis is a very rare sclerosing bone dysplasia that is characterized by the radiological appearance of longitudinal striations at the metaphysis of the long bones associated with cranial sclerosis. Here, we report a 10-month-old female infant and a 31-year-old male, who were diagnosed incidentally by showing longitudinal sclerotic lines symmetrically in the long bone ends and basal sclerosis of the cranium. The diagnostic linear striation was found not only in the long bones but also in the ribs and phalanges, which are very rare sites for striation. We discuss the radiology findings of osteopathia striata with the possible complication of cranial sclerosis.

Imaging bone metastases from prostate cancer presents several challenges. The lesions are usually sclerotic and appear late on the conventional X-ray. Bone scintigraphy is the mainstay of lesion detection, but is often not suitable for assessment of treatment response, particularly because of a 'flare' phenomenon after therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used in assessment, and newer techniques allow quantitation. In addition to (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG), newer PET isotopes are also showing promise in lesion detection and response assessment. This article reviews the available imaging modalities for evaluating prostatic bony metastases, and links them to the underlying pathological changes within bone lesions. PMID:19789531

The ivory vertebra sign seen on a standard radiograph of the spine should prompt investigations for a cause, which is most likely to be a bone metastasis, a lymphoma, or Paget's disease of bone. A diagnosis of idiopathic ivory vertebra can be given if no cause is identified. We report an unusual case of ivory vertebra sign that was due to systemic mastocytosis and improved with specific treatment. Although osteoporosis is the most common bone abnormality in systemic mastocytosis, an isolated sclerotic or lytic lesion may be found. The ivory vertebra sign should not be considered idiopathic until tests are done for mastocytosis, particularly given the availability of effective treatments.

This case illustrates the importance of familiarity with the radiological features of pigmented villonodular synovitis in a relatively uncommon location. The rather typical appearance of the juxta-articular lesions in bone, characterized by well-defined lyctic areas with sclerotic borders on both sides of a joint, with no appreciable periarticular osteoporosis and little if any joint cartilage thinning, particularly in a young adult, should alert the radiologist and orthopedic clinician to the likely diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease with pathological changes in the articulating cartilage and all other tissues that occupy the joint. Radin and coworkers have suggested the involvement of subchondral bone in the disease process. However, evidence for an essential role in the etiology has never been proven. Recent studies showing reduced chemical and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in various stages of the disease have invigorated interest in the role of subchondral bone in the development and progression of the disease. The current study showed that the concept of bone adaptation might explain subchondral stiffening, a process where subchondral bone becomes typically sclerotic in osteoarthritis. In addition, we report reduced mechanical matrix tissue properties as well as an increase in denatured collagen content. In conclusion, although osteoarthritic bone tissue contains increased denatured collagen and has reduced matrix mechanical properties, the widely accepted concept of subchondral stiffening is compatible with the process of normal bone adaptation. Udgivelsesdato: 2004

Skeletal manifestations of chloroma were reviewed in five patients. In four cases, a chloroma was the initial manifestation of a systemic disease. In the fifth, an elderly patient developed a bone lesion during a blastic crisis while under treatment for chronic myelogeneous leukemia. Two patients presented with lytic lesions of the ribs, two with lytic lesions of the femur, and one with a predominantly sclerotic lesion of the scapula. The laboratory findings in two patients were within normal limits. All lesions were confirmed by bone biopsy. (orig.).

The synthesis and in vivo stability of the bone-seeking alpha-particle emitting compounds 212Bi-DOTMP and 212Pb/212Bi-DOTMP are described. 212Bi-DOTMP, injected i.v. into Balb/c mice, showed prominent bone localization and a rapid clearance from blood and other organs. Femur/blood ratios increased from 13 at 15 min up to 490 at 2.0 h postinjection. Enhanced uptake of 212Bi-DOTMP was demonstrated in regions with high bone turnover. A comparison between 212Bi-DOTMP and [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP showed essentially no differences in biodistribution. 212Pb/212Bi-DOTMP followed a similar biodistribution, except for slightly elevated levels of 212Bi in the kidneys. The present study has shown 212Bi-DOTMP to be an in vivo stable bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical with promising biological properties for the treatment of sclerotic metastases and osteoblastic osteosarcoma. PMID:9228657

The synthesis and in vivo stability of the bone-seeking {alpha}-particle emitting compounds {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP and {sup 212}Pb/{sup 212}Bi-DOTMP are described. {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP, injected IV into Balb/c mice, showed prominent bone localization and a rapid clearance from blood and other organs. Femur/blood ratios increased from 13 at 15 min up to 490 at 2.0 h postinjection. Enhanced uptake of {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP was demonstrated in regions with high bone turnover. A comparison between {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP and [{sup 153}Sm]Sm-EDTMP showed essentially no differences in biodistribution. {sup 212}Pb/{sup 212}Bi-DOTMP followed a similar biodistribution, except for slightly elevated levels of {sup 212}Bi in the kidneys. The present study has shown {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP to be an in vivo stable bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical with promising biological properties for the treatment of sclerotic metastases and osteoblastic osteosarcoma.

The principles of fusion of a Charcot joint arise from the assertion that successful fusion requires removal of all cartilage, debris, and sclerotic bone. The authors believe that reconstruction can prevent amputation in patients who have unbraceable or unstable deformities, or recurrent ulcerations. The goal with any Charcot reconstruction procedure is to achieve a plantigrade foot free of ulceration, and to prevent any future collapse, deformity, or ulcerations. The authors strongly believe arthrodesis of unstable joints of the Charcot neuropathic foot can lead to limb salvage and better quality of life. PMID:22243574

Abstract Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is an X-linked disease caused by truncating mutations in WTX. Females exhibit sclerotic striations on the long bones, cranial sclerosis, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Males with OSCS have significant skeletal sclerosis, do not have striations but do display a more severe phenotype commonly associated with gross structural malformations, patterning defects, and significant pre- and postnatal lethality. The recent description of mutations in WTX underlying OSCS has led to the identification of a milder, survivable phenotype in males. Individuals with this presentation can have, in addition to skeletal sclerosis, Hirschsprung disease, joint contractures, cardiomyopathy, and neuromuscular anomalies. A diagnosis of OSCS should be consid...

A 4-year-old, neutered male Maltese presented with a 2-month history of right hemiparesis. The radiographic findings revealed bone lysis, and sclerotic changes in the right section of the fifth and sixth cervical bones with a mild radiolucent mass around the lesion. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hyperintense mass located in the region extending from the muscles to the bones and compressing the spinal cord. The mass was removed via a hemilaminectomy in the cervical area using the ventral and dorsal approach, and a histological examination confirmed that it was adipose tissue. An infiltrative lipoma was diagnosed based on these findings. The dog has ambulated normally for 24 months since undergoing surgery.   

Abstract We report on a father and his 4-year-old son sharing a characteristic dysmorphic facial phenotype (including hyperteleroism, prominent forehead, and wide nasal bridge), macrocephaly, hearing loss, palatal clefting, developmental delay, hypotonia and bony abnormalities including marked cranial sclerosis and sclerosis of the ribs and long bones, which evolved in severity in the son between the ages of 2 and 4 years. The father's radiographs also showed prominent coarse striations, patchy metaphyseal sclerotic plaques, markedly increased bone density and cortical thickening of long bones, and significant degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. The son has an additional history of sleep apnea resulting from multi-level airway obstruction that includes adenoid hypertrophy, lingual ...

Computed tomography and gallium scintigraphy uncovered clinically occult muscle infection in eight patients. The CT findings included enlargement of the muscle, effacement of the intramuscular fat planes, fluid density, rim enhancement, and involvement of the underlying bone. Computed tomography suggested the diagnosis in seven of eight cases. Gallium scintigraphy was positive in all seven cases in which it was performed.

The clinical and radiographic findings in 104 patients with chondroblastoma are presented. Pain was an almost constant presenting complaint, often accompanied in the case of para-articular lesions by impaired function of an adjacent joint. The majority (80%) were in long bones with a mean age of presentation of 16 years. The characteristic radiological image of these lesions was an eccentric radiolucency, having a sharply defined sclerotic margin and containing areas of calcification in approximately a third of cases. They were always related to a growth plate. Nearly half were confined to the affected epiphysis or apophysis itself, but most of the remainder had traversed the growth plate to involve also the adjacent metaphysis. The bones around the knee and the proximal ends of the humerus and femur were the sites of predilection. A minority (20%) affected flat bones and short tubular bones of the hand and foot, with a peculiar affinity for the calcaneus and talus. The mean age of presentation of these was 28 years. The radiological pattern was similar, except for a greater tendency to expand the affected bone. Complications included the formation of a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst in 16 cases (10 of them in long bones), one malignant chondroblastoma, and one fibrosarcoma developing after radiation of the original chondroblastoma.

Review of current data from the Intergroup Ewing Sarcoma Study (IESS) shows that Ewing sarcoma is rare in bones of the hands and feet. The 12 patients from the IESS protocols with hand or foot Ewing sarcoma are comparable to those already reported in the literature. With the exception of lesions in the calcaneus, the prognosis for disease-free survival is excellent. The radiographic features of hand and foot Ewing sarcoma are generally those of classic Ewing sarcoma: permeation, soft-tissue mass, and often, associated sclerotic reaction. However, with the exception of sclerosis, features suggesting bone reaction and slow tumor growth in these patients were distinctly uncommon compared with Ewing sarcoma in general. Apparently location of the lesion is important, since in the reported cases in the literature and in this series, lesions of the calcaneus fared poorly. The importance of this set of patients therefore relates to awareness and early recognition of an unusual appearance and location of Ewing sarcoma.

The pneumatization of 141 normal temporal bones on computed tomography (CT) was evaluated in 100 patients. Because of the controversy surrounding the sclerotic squamomastoid (mastoid), temporal bones with this finding were discarded. A CT index of pneumatization was based on the pneumatized area and the number of cells seen within a representative scanning section. Results suggest that squamomastoid pneumatization follows the classic normal distribution and does not correlate with age, gender, or laterality. A high degree of symmetry was found in 41 patients who had both ears examined. Air-cell configuration was variable. Air-cell size tended to increase progressively from the mastoid antrum. The scutum pseudotumor appearance caused by incomplete pneumatization was seen frequently, and should not be mistaken for mastoiditis or an osteoma. Thick sections producing partial-volume effect may also produce this spurious finding. Therefore, when searching for mucosal thickening due to mastoiditis, large air cells should preferably be analyzed.

To analyze the MR findings of chondroblastoma and peritumoral bone marrow, focussing on the enhancement pattern. Enhanced MR images obtained from 23 patients with pathologically proven chondroblastoma were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists. The enhancement pattern was classified as one of three types: homogeneous, heterogeneous, or peripheral rim, while peritumoral bone marrow enhancement was assigned one of four grades. Correlation between the enhancement pattern and T2 signal intensity of a tumor was analyzed by fisher's exact test. The enhancement pattern was homogeneous in ten cases, heterogeneous in six, and involved the peripheral rim in seven. In 11 cases, peritumoral bone marrow enhancement was observed. Among the ten instances of homogeneous enhancement the signal intensity seen at T2W1 was homogeneously iso or low in six cases, homogeneously high in two, and heterogeneous in two. Among the seven cases in which three was peripheral rim enhancement, the signal intensity observed at T2W1 was homogeneously high in three, fluid-fluid level in three, and homogeneously iso or low in one. At MR imaging, chondroblastoma shows variable signal intensities and enhancement patterns. The peripheral rim enhancement observed at T2W1 correlated with homogeneously high signal intensity or fluid-fluid levels.

Abstract Loosening of glenoid components in TSA is a main cause of failure. In reverse anatomy TSA designs used for unstable joints, fixation is particularly demanding. Strains developed around the glenoid rim of biomechanical sawbone scapulae implanted with (a) the original fixed-fulcrum Bayley-Walker glenoid prosthesis in current clinical use, and (b) a revised version with conical cross-section, were compared. The conical shape of the revised design was hypothesized to produce greater strains in the glenoid rim than the original tapered screw design. The 2D strain field at three accessible locations around the rim of each scapula was measured with three-element rosette strain gauges for two types of simulated cancellous bone fill under applied physiologically relevant loads. The average...

Rare earth element (REE) patterns of fossil bones and teeth are widely used as proxies for provenance, taphonomy, and palaeoenvironment. In order to investigate if fossil bones behave as closed systems over geologic time, REE profiles were analysed by LA-ICPMS along cross sections of 54 bones from various well-characterised and well-dated settings. These include terrestrial and marine diagenetic environments, covering Early Triassic to Holocene ages. In general, all fossil bones exhibit the highest REE concentrations at the outer rim, gradually decreasing by up to four orders of magnitude toward the inner bone cortex. Intra-bone REE concentration gradients decrease significantly from Quaternary via Tertiary to Mesozoic specimens, suggesting long term REE uptake and open system behaviour of...

Localized scleroderma is a rare disease, characterized by sclerotic lesions. A variety of presentations have been described, with different clinical characteristics and specific prognosis. In scleroderma en coup de sabre (LScs) the atrophic lesion in frontoparietal area is the disease hallmark. Skin and subcutaneous are the mainly affected tissues, but case reports of muscle, cartilage, and bone involvement are frequent. These cases pose a difficult differential diagnosis with Parry-Romberg syndrome. Once considered an exclusive cutaneous disorder, the neurologic involvement present in LScs has been described in several case reports. Seizures are most frequently observed, but focal neurologic deficits, movement disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, and mimics of hemiplegic migraines have been reported. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have aided the characterization of central nervous system lesions, and cerebral angiograms have pointed to vasculitis as a part of disease pathogenesis. In this paper we describe the clinical and radiologic aspects of neurologic involvement in LScs. PMID:22319646

Rarely, rhabdomyosarcoma can present with bone pain and bone lesions on radiographs without evidence of a primary tumor. Of 428 children with biopsy-proven rhabdomyosarcoma, four presented with radiographic evidence of bone metastases, but no primary tumor was found on subsequent evaluation. On radiographs, these metastases, located most commonly in the metaphyses of the extremities and in the spine, displayed a destructive or diffusely permeative pattern without sclerotic margins and mimicked the more common neuroblastoma. One patient also had diaphyseal cortical lytic metastases of the tibia. Radiographs defined metastases of the extremities better than the correlative bone scans. In the spine, on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, metastases displayed high signal intensity which contrasted with the low-signal-intensity marrow in these pediatric patients. On histopathologic examination, metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma was composed of small cells of variable size, shape, and growth pattern similar to other round cell tumors. A positive desmin immunohistochemical test helped to establish the diagnosis. The radiologist, pathologist, and clinician should be aware of this unusual presentation of rhabdomyosarcoma so that suitable immunohistochemical tests are performed and appropriate chemotherapy given. (orig.)

We report on a father and his 4-year-old son sharing a characteristic dysmorphic facial phenotype (including hyperteleroism, prominent forehead, and wide nasal bridge), macrocephaly, hearing loss, palatal clefting, developmental delay, hypotonia and bony abnormalities including marked cranial sclerosis and sclerosis of the ribs and long bones, which evolved in severity in the son between the ages of 2 and 4 years. The father's radiographs also showed prominent coarse striations, patchy metaphyseal sclerotic plaques, markedly increased bone density and cortical thickening of long bones, and significant degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. The son has an additional history of sleep apnea resulting from multi-level airway obstruction that includes adenoid hypertrophy, lingual tonsil hypertrophy, subglottic stenosis, and supra-arytenoid tissue consistent with laryngomalacia and tracheomalacia. The clinical, radiographic, and genetic findings in father and son are consistent with a sclerosing skeletal dysplasia syndrome with similarities to mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia (MSBD) including metaphyseal plaques, osteopathia striata, and cranial sclerosis (OS-CS). This family may represent one of the first descriptions of familial inheritance and evolving phenotype in MSBD. The evidence for male-male transmission would support the existence of an autosomal mechanism of inheritance for a novel form of MSBD with characteristic syndromic features. PMID:22821701

Among the factors that have been suggested as contributing to the failure of a total joint replacement are stress shielding and the subsequent bone resorption. Recent studies have shown that when a backing shell made from a Ti alloy is used, high stresses are generated in the cement at the edges of the cup, and low stresses are generated at the dome of the bone in the acetabulum; thus, the bone at the dome suffers stress shielding and the cement edge suffers high stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using a functionally graded material (FGM), instead of Ti alloy, for the backing shell (BS) on the stress distribution in the BS-cement-bone system. Finite-element and optimization techniques were used to obtain the optimal distribution of materials in the tangential direction only of the backing (1D FGM) as well as in the tangential and radial directions of the backing (2D FGM). It was found that the stress distribution in the BS-cement-bone system was about the same, regardless of whether the BS was fabricated from a 1D or 2D FGM. The stress-shielding factor in the bone at the dome of the acetabulum and the maximum von Mises stress in cement at the cement interfaces for 1D and 2D FGM were reduced by about 51%, 69%, and 50%, respectively, compared to the case when the shell was fabricated from a Ti alloy. The optimal elastic modulus of the 1D FGM was obtained with the materials graded from HA at the dome of the acetabulum to a Ti alloy at the rim of the shell. The optimal elastic modulus of the 2D FGM was obtained with the materials graded from Ti alloy at the right edge of the rim, to Bioglass 45S5 at the left edge of the rim, and to HA at the dome of the shell. PMID:15934010

We report on a sclerosing bone dysplasia, associated with cutis laxa, enamel dysplasia, and mental retardation. The patient was a 17-year-old Japanese boy of normal height and muscular build. Cutis laxa with prominent veins in the scalp and abdominal wall and delayed eruption of permanent teeth attracted the attention of clinicians in infancy and adolescence, respectively. The clinical manifestations included a progeroid facial appearance with prognathism, wrinkled skin, and interdigital webbing. The intelligence quotient was estimated at 60. Enamel dysplasia was histologically confirmed. Skeletal changes included calvarial hyperostosis, sclerosis of the skull base, an enlarged, sclerotic mandible, broad clavicles and ribs, and diaphyseal undermodeling of the tubular bones. Metaepiphyseal sclerosis or longitudinal striation was found in the long bones. Metaphyseal equivalents of the axial skeleton showed dense osteosclerosis. These clinical and radiological manifestations overlapped with those of Lenz-Majewski syndrome. Unlike the classical phenotype of the disorder, however, he did not show brachymesophalangy with proximal symphalangism or growth failure. The present case may be considered to fall in the mildest end in the phenotypic continuum of Lenz-Majewski syndrome, suggesting that the clinical spectrum of the disorder may be broader than currently thought. PMID:17593321

Cemento-osseous dysplasias are a group of disorders known to originate from periodontal ligament tissues and involve, essentially, the same pathological process. They are usually classified, depending on their extent and radiographic appearances, into three main groups: periapical (surrounds the periapical region of teeth and are bilateral), florid (sclerotic symmetrical masses) and focal (single lesion) cemental dysplasias. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia clearly appears to be a form of bone and cemental dysplasia that is limited to jaws. Patients do not have laboratory or radiologic evidence of bone disease in other parts of the skeleton. For the asymptomatic patient, the best management consists of regular recall examinations with prophylaxis and reinforcement of good home hygiene care to control periodontal disease and prevent tooth lose. Management of the symptomatic patient is more difficult. At this stage, there is an inflammatory component to the disease and the process is basically a chronic osteomyelitis involving dysplastic bone and cementum. Antibiotics may be indicated but may not be effective. A case of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia occurring in a 47-year-old Caucasian female is reported which was rare in regard to race and sex. PMID:17767096

Abstract in english The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that both human and bovine sclerotic dentin have similar hardness properties, in addition to similar micromorphological characteristics. Sixteen teeth (8 human and 8 bovine) exhibiting exposed dentin in the incisal edge and showing characteristics typical of sclerosis were used. Vickers surface microhardness testing was conducted. Three areas of the dentin surface of each specimen were selected. All teeth were processed (more) for scanning electron microscopy in order to estimate the amount (in percentage) of solid dentin on the sclerotic dentin surface. The data were compared by Student's t test (? = 0.05). The micromorphological and microhardness data were compared by Pearson's linear correlation test (? = 0.05). The mean percentages of solid dentin of human and bovine sclerotic dentin were similar (human 90.71 ± 0.83 and bovine 89.08 ± 0.81, p = 0.18). The mean microhardness value (VHN) of human sclerotic dentin was significantly higher than that of bovine sclerotic dentin (human 45.26 ± 2.92 and bovine 29.93 ± 3.83, p = 0.006). No correlation was found between the microhardness values and the amount of solid dentin in the sclerotic dentin, irrespective of the species considered (human R² = 0.0240, p = 0.714; bovine R² = 0.0017, p = 0.923; and combined R² = 0.038, p = 0.46). We concluded that although both bovine and human sclerotic dentin present a similar amount of solid tissue, human sclerotic dentin presents higher microhardness than bovine sclerotic dentin.

Background New or worsening bone lesions in patients responding to treatment, known as the flare phenomenon is well described on 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, but to our knowledge has not previously been described on CT. The appearance of new or worsening bone sclerosis on CT in patients with prostate cancer may therefore be erroneously classified as disease progression. Purpose To assess the incidence of osteoblastic healing flare response at 3-month CT assessment in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and to identify associated features that enable differentiation from progressive metastatic bone disease at 3 months. Material and Methods CT scans of 67 patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer undergoing treatment were reviewed by a radiologist blinded to clinical outcome. Changes in number, size, and density of metastatic bone lesions were documented and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) in soft tissue lesions, alkaline phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, and 99mTc-MDP bone scans were used for correlation. Results Of the 39 patients who had 3- and 6-month follow-up, eight patients (21%) demonstrated an increase in number, size, or density of sclerotic lesions on the 3-month CT scan despite improvement in PSA and soft tissue lesions. Three out of eight patients (8%) maintained partial response/remained stable at follow-up and were defined as showing a flare response: in this group bone metastases evident on CT showed a qualitative and quantitative increase in density and no lesions faded at 3 months. In contrast, in all patients who progressed at 3 months by PSA/RECIST criteria (n = 8) bone lesions showed a mixed pattern with some lesions increasing and others decreasing in density. Conclusion The incidence of flare response of metastatic bone disease evident at 3-month post-treatment CT in patients with prostate cancer undergoing systemic treatment is 8%. In patients with falling PSA and stable/responding soft tissue disease at 3 months an increase in bone sclerosis in the absence of fading bone metastases can be interpreted as flare and is likely to represent a response

In the treatment of fronto-basal cerebrocranial trauma and primary or secondary orbital tumors, definitive surgical intervention in one sitting has proven very successful. The orbital roof, the lateral orbital walls, and the frontal base are reconstructed with a bone meal/fibrin sealant plastic, whereas the orbital rims are revised using available bone fragments refitted using osteosynthetic procedures. Remaining calotte defects are covered alloplastically with Refobacin-Palacos. Bones can be easily remodeled with the bone meal/fibrin sealant plastic. The fibrin sealant holds the shape in regions not subject to mechanical stress, and contributes to an immediate, watertight closure. The addition of an antibiotic achieves effective prophylaxis against infections in the initial phase. The result is an autologous bone which provides a maximum of protection against late infections such as occur in alloplasties and against ascending infections with meningitis, as observed in unreconstructed bone defects. Since the bone meal is usually obtained during trepanation, bone biopsies of other body regions are unnecessary. PMID:2473423

Revision arthroplasty is a challenging aspect of the otherwise quite successful area of joint replacement surgery. The instable interaction between implant and host bone has often initiated a destructive process of inflammation and osteolysis, rendering the revision site sclerotic and with insufficient bone stock. One way of dealing with this is to build up a bed of tightly packed morselized bone graft to support the revision implant in a procedure often referred to as impaction grafting. Fresh frozen morselized femoral head allograft is the gold standard material for impaction grafting of the large defects usually involved in revision arthroplasty. The clinical outcome does not match that of primary arthroplasties. Implant subsidence is greater, implant survival shorter, and the bone graft is often not incorporated into living bone. The studies constituting this thesis have investigated ways of improving early implant fixation and bone graft incorporation. All studies used the same experimental canine model of early fixation and osseointegration of uncemented implant components inserted into a bed of impacted bone graft. Study I compared bone grafted implants where the morselized allograft was used alone or had been added rhBMP-2, the bisphosphonate pamidronate or a combination of the two. The main object was to see wether the previously observed growth factor related accelerated allograft resorption could be counteracted by the addition of an anti-catabolic drug. The study also compared HA-coated and non-coated porous Ti implants. The untreated control implants had better mechanical fixation than all other treatment groups. RhBMP-2 raised the total metabolic turnover of bone within the allograft with a net negative result on implant fixation. Pamidronate virtually blocked bone metabolism, also when combined with rhBMP-2. The HA-coated implants had more than twice as good mechanical fixation and improved osseointegration compared to the corresponding Ti implants. Study II investigated the addition of a bovine bone matrix lyophilisate (Colloss) to the allograft in three different doses. The main object was to see, whether the addition of a biological delivery device of low-dose osteogenic growth factors could provide a sufficient signal to increase the bioactivity of the bone graft without also yielding mechanical instability through increased allograft resorption. Allograft resorption increased with increased signal dose, but not to the extent that it affected implant fixation negatively at the observational time point. Mechanical implant fixation was doubled, and implant osseointegration and graft incorporation were improved. Study III compared a beta-TCP ceramic bone graft substitute (Ossaplast) with and without an osteogenic signal (Colloss E) to morselized allograft with and without the same signal. The object was to investigate, whether the addition of an osteogenic stimulus to a bio ceramic could replace biological allograft bone. The addition of an osteogenic signal improved early osseointegration of implants grafted with beta-TCP granules and increased their mechanical implant fixation to a level comparable to the allografted implants. All studies I-III confirmed that the topical addition of an osteogenic signal could increase implant osseointegration and the formation of new bone within a grafted defect. Another striking observation was the near-complete absence of fibrous tissue in the treated groups. The osseointegration of ceramic bone grafts improves when both the osteoconductive as well as the osteogenic components of bone are substituted. The effect on implant fixation of devices and pharmaceuticals that influence bone metabolism can be difficult to predict, as shown in study I. There seems to be a therapeutic window for these substances. This must be further explored prior to clinical use, as the adverse effects of overdosing bone anabolic and anti-catabolic substances can be detrimental. PMID:19065776

Dysosteosclerosis is a sclerosing bone dysplasia with skeletal changes resembling those of osteopetrosis. The disorder is associated with dental anomalies and occasionally mental retardation. Because of the rarity and phenotypic diversity of dysosteosclerosis, it remains unsolved whether or not the disorder is heterogeneous. We report here on an affected boy associated with brain calcification and epilepsy with developmental delay. Prenatal ultrasound revealed ventriculomegaly, and brain CT in the neonatal period showed periventricular calcifications. At 13 mo of age, he presented with generalized convulsion with developmental delay. Metaphyseal sclerosis, metaphyseal undermodeling, and oval-shaped vertebral bodies on skeletal survey warranted a diagnosis of dysosteosclerosis. Retrospective review of radiographs as a neonate showed metaphyseal radiolucency, but not metaphyseal sclerosis. Since then, neither the bone changes nor neurological symptom has progressively worsened up to 4 yr of age. Thus, it is thought that the clinical and radiological manifestations of the sclerotic disorder become obvious during infancy. Brain calcification of prenatal onset may be an essential syndromic constituent of the disorder.   

Abstract in spanish En la osteoartritis de la articulación temporomandibular el aspecto macroscópico del cartílago sufre algunas modificaciones, histológicamente hay una pérdida de proteoglicanos, una desintegración de la red de fibras colágeno y una degeneración grasa. La zona de hueso subyacente sufre modificaciones, ocurren microfracturas y un aumento en la densidad ósea. Se pueden formar osteofitos. La formación de nuevo hueso puede ser liso, esclerótico o eburnado. Se discute (more) n otros cambios estructurales. Los hallazgos clínicos pueden incluir dolor a la palpación, crepitación, limitación de los movimientos con desviación hacia el lado afectado y evidencia radiográfica de cambios estructurales. El mejor manejo de la mayoría de los pacientes con osteoartritis de la articulación temporomandibular es a través de un tratamiento conservador y no invasivo. Abstract in english In the osteoarthritis affecting the temporomandibular joint, the macroscopic aspects of the cartilage presents some modifications, histologically, there is a proteoglycan depletion, collagen fiber network desintegration, and a fatty degeneration. The underlyng cartilagenous zone is modified. There are microfractures, and subarticular deposition of bone. It might be osteophytic lipping. The new bone might be smooth, sclerotic, or eburnated. Other structural changes are dis (more) cussed. Clinical findings may include point tenderness on palpation, crepitus, limited range of motion with deviation on opening to the affected side, and radiographic evidence of structural bony changes. The management of patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint is best accomplished by conservative and non-invasive measures.

The main goal of this work has been to achieve a synthesis of radiolabelled phosphonates for the improvement of diagnostic and therapy of osteoblastic osteosarcoma and sclerotic bone metastases. {sup 212}Bi-DOTMP is shown to be an in vivo stable bone seeking radiopharmaceutical with a potential for a {alpha}-particle therapy of the above mentioned diseases. It has biodistribution characteristics similar to {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP, which is now formally approved in several countries, most recently in the US. {sup 212}Pb-DOTMP is also a promising candidate having the advantage of increasing the effective half life of the {alpha}-emitter, although loss of some of the in vivo generated {sup 212}Bi may be a problem. A generator has been developed for the production of the {alpha}-emitting radionuclide {sup 212}Bi and its parent nuclide {sup 212}Pb. The generator is based on the emanation of {sup 220}Rn from ({sup 228}Th)barium stearate. The decay product of {sup 220}Rn, {sup 212}Pb deposits on the walls of a polyethylene bottle, and can be wasted off with distilled water. The generator shows no leakage of any long-lived parent nuclides, is easy to operate and has a high degree of radiation safety.

A large diversity of lesions may involve the maxillofacial bones. Some occur exclusively at this site. Other lesions at this location have features that are different from similar lesions occurring elsewhere in the skeleton. This site-dependent morphology applies especially to fibro-osseous lesions, which will be discussed in this report. Fibrous dysplasia shows evenly distributed islands of woven bone that fuse with surrounding bone. The presence of lamellar bone and osteoblastic rimming does not contradict that diagnosis as they would for lesions occurring outside the maxillofacial bones. Ossifying fibromas are demarcated or encapsulated. They show a broad variation in mineralized material that may be woven bone as well as lamellar bone or may be present as rounded cell-poor particles regarded as a form of cementum. Specific subtypes are juvenile ossifying fibroma and psammomatoid ossifying fibroma, both of which contain cellular stroma exhibiting mitotic activity. Lesions known as periapical cemental dysplasia can be found in the tooth-bearing jaw area and are similar to ossifying fibroma but without demarcation. These lesions may be focal, involving one or a few adjacent teeth; when they are more widely distributed, they are named florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. Periapical cemental dysplasia should be distinguished from cementoblastoma, a lesion similar to osteoblastoma but connected with tooth apices. Ossifying fibroma may resemble well-differentiated osteosarcoma as ossifying fibroma may be more cellular and may have a higher number of mitoses than osteosarcoma. PMID:8734416

ABSTRACT: Calvarial defects, including the orbital roof defect that occurs after trauma or oncologic resection, require immediate reconstruction to avoid complications such as enophthalmos, diplopia, and transmission of the cerebral pulse to the eye. In these cases, autologous bone grafts or various alloplastic materials have been used.Between January 2010 and December 2010, 5 patients underwent surgery for orbital roof reconstruction using porous polyethylene sheet with embedded titanium, which was developed for reconstruction of inferomedial wall of the orbit. One patient underwent surgery because of tumor excision; the other patients, because of trauma. Two patients had intracranial hemorrhage and 3 patients had a defect in the supraorbital rim. We reconstructed the supraorbital rim and the orbital roof using a combination of calvarial bone graft and the porous polyethylene sheet with embedded titanium. The sheet was bended and trimmed according to the shape of the orbital defect, and it was fixed on the remaining adjacent bone using a microplate.There were no complications during the follow-up period. The patients were satisfied with the external appearance.In conclusion, the orbital roof reconstruction using porous polyethylene sheet with embedded titanium was an easy and a time-efficient procedure with satisfactory results. PMID:23172508

Tumoral lesions related to Paget's disease may be classified as malignant, benign or pseudotumoral. While sarcomatous degeneration is the most feared complication, awareness of benign and pseudotumoral lesions is essential for assisting in accurate histological interpretation of the biopsy sample, which may avoid unnecessary repeat biopsies. We present the first case of a juxta-articular subperiosteal ganglion associated with Paget's disease, with classic imaging characteristics, especially on CT examination. The well-defined soft tissue mass at the medial aspect of the obturator rim, adjacent to a small fracture in pagetic quadrilateral plate, showed an ossified rim and internal gas lucencies, these being the hallmarks of a juxta-articular subperiosteal ganglion. On MRI, the lesion was of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences, increased signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences, with rim enhancement after gadolinium contrast injection and preservation of fatty marrow signal of the underlying pagetic bone. Identification of the entity avoided an unnecessary biopsy or surgical intervention. (orig.)

Abstract in portuguese O osteoma osteoide é um tumor benigno do osso que se apresenta geralmente com dor noturna em adultos jovens, aliviada por repouso e salicilatos. Pode acometer qualquer osso, mas sua ocorrência no ilíaco é infrequente. Os autores descrevem dois casos de osteoma osteoide intramedular, localizado junto à articulação sacroilíaca, com sintomas que simulavam dor ciática e cujo diagnóstico se deu de forma tardia, apesar de o exame radiológico inicial mostrar lesão es (more) clerótica em ambos os casos. O diagnóstico foi ratificado por tomografia computadorizada e o tratamento proposto foi a ressecção em bloco da lesão, com excisão do nidus. O diagnóstico definitivo foi confirmado pelo exame histopatológico. No seguimento de longo prazo, ambos estão assintomáticos e observou-se completa remodelação óssea no sítio cirúrgico. Os autores enfatizam as características típicas do tumor, a localização não usual, o diagnóstico diferencial e o tratamento. Abstract in english Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that generally presents with nighttime pain among young adults and is relieved by rest and salicylates. It can affect any bone, but occurrences in the iliac are unusual. The authors describe two cases of intramedullary osteoid osteoma next to the sacroiliac joint, with symptoms that simulated sciatic pain. The cases were diagnosed late, although the initial radiographs showed sclerotic lesions in both cases. The diagnosis was confirm (more) ed by means of CT scan and the nidus was excised surgically through en bloc resection. The definitive diagnosis was given by means of histopathological examination. Over long-term follow-up, both cases remained asymptomatic and complete bone remodeling at the surgical site was observed. The authors highlight the typical characteristics of the tumor, the unusual location, the differential diagnosis and the treatment.

Basic pathology in thermal injury is coagulative soft tissue necorsis that may occasionally be complicated by infection and later by scarring and vascular changes. Radiological features were discussed in detail by Resnick. The early changes consist of soft tissue defect, porosis and periostitis and the late changes include osteophytosis, periarticular calcification or ossification and arthropathy with ankylosis. Acromutilation can occur when small bones of the hand and foot are burned and scarred. This communication describes {sup 99m}Tc-HDP pnhole bone scan manifestations of thermal bone injuries observed in a case of skin-bone burns of the mid-tibial shaft that was complicated by infection, soft tissue scarring and osteonecrosis. Patient was a 49-year-old female thermal burn involving a mid-tibial shaft segment along with overlying skin. The injury was accidental to medullary rimming to fit intramedullary nail to fix fracture. The heat produced during drilling spread to burn the pretibial skin that is sparse in subcutaneous buffer tissue and vessels. The soft tissue burn was infected and healed by repeated skin grafts and scar over a period of 2 years. Concomitantly, the underlying bone was infected locally and treated but ensued in osteonecrosis that was accompanied by osteolysis. Indeed. pinhole {sup 99m}Tc-HDP scan played a unique role in this case in detecting that live lateral cortex had sustained the large dead bone that involved the main volume of the mid-tibial shaft. Importantly, the scan could confirm live cortex to have sustained dead bone uncollapsed. Anatomical and metabolic data gained from bone scanning prompted us to systematically scrutinize radiograph and CT to specifically identify the preserved lateral cortex. As mentioned the existence of healthy cortex is biomechanically and tactically vital to surgically replace and restore the devitalized bone.

The classic radiographic presentation of multiple myeloma is lytic skeletal lesions. Primary sclerotic manifestations are rare and occur only in 3 % of cases. The imaging spectrum in three cases of multiple myeloma with primary osteosclerosis is described. The first patient had spiculated sclerosis of the orbit, which is an uncommon site for myeloma. The second patient with POEMS syndrome had multiple, scattered, skeletal lesions with sclerotic margins. The third patient presented with a chest wall mass and had an expansile thick spiculated sclerosis in the rib. The wide imaging spectrum possible in sclerotic myelomas and their relevant differential diagnosis is emphasized. (orig.)

To compare the differential findings of tuberculous otitis media(TOM) with those of chronic sup purative otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, as seen on high resolution temporal bone CT. We retrospectively reviewed 14 cases of TOM, 30 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM), and 30 cases of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma(Chole). All had been pathologically confirmed. We evaluated the preservation of mastoid cells without sclerotic change, the location and extension of soft tissue to the external auditary canal, and erosion of ossicles, the tegmen tympani, scutum, bony labyrinth, facial nerve canal and sigmoid sinus, and the presence of intracranial complications. Soft tissue in the mastoid antrum was seen in all cases of TOM(100%), 29 cases of CSOM(96.7%), and 26 cases of Chole(86.7%). In contrast, the soft tissue in the entire middle ear cavity was noted in 13 cases of TOM(92.8%), 7 cases of CSOM(23.3%), and 12 cases of Chole(40%). Soft tissue extended to the superior aspect of the external auditory canal in 4 cases of TOM (28.6%) and 5 cases of Chole (16.7%). Mastoid air cells were seen in 9 cases of TOM (64.3%), 4 cases of CSOM (13.3%), and 3 cases of Chole(10%). Ossicular erosion was noted in 6 cases of TOM (42.9%), 12 cases of CSOM (40%), and 26 cases of Chole(86.7%), while in one case of TOM (7.1%), 5 cases of CSOM (16.7%), and 15 cases of Chole(50%) there was erosion of the scutum. In one case of TOM, follow-up CT study after 9 months of antituberculous medication without surgery revealed complete clearing of previously noted soft tissue in the middle ear cavity. Specific CT findings of TOM were not seen, but if there were findings of soft tissue in the entire middle ear cavity, soft tissue extension to the external auditory canal, preservation of mastoid air cells without sclerotic change, and intact scutum, TOM may be differentiated from other chronic otitis media.

Secure initial stability is crucial for prostheses designed for biological ingrowth; without it, subsequent tissue ingrowth is impossible. Mechanical testing was performed in vitro to measure the interface shear stability of acetabular cup prostheses. Cemented, threaded, fined, and press-fit cups, both with and without supplemental screw fixation, were tested. A mechanically consistent polyethylene foam was used as a substrate to obviate the variations inherent in cadaver bones. Ramped, eccentric rim loads were applied using a servohydraulic materials testing system. Reaming, insertion, and loading variables were carefully controlled. Cups with external threads were significantly more stable than those fixed by fins or screws. Press-fit cups were significantly looser than all other tested designs. None of the uncemented prostheses approached the initial stability of cups secured with acrylic bone cement. PMID:8121834

A patient with Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome and nephrotic range proteinuria is presented. Radiological investigation of the urinary tract revealed clubbed calyces but no evidence of obstruction or vesicoureteric reflux. Renal biopsy revealed occasional sclerotic glomeruli, extensive foot-process fus...

We investigated model reactions for protein cross-linking that occurs during insect cuticle sclerotization using recombinant pupal cuticular proteins from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, fungal or recombinant hornworm laccase-type phenoloxidase, and the cross-linking agent precursor N-acylcatec...

For the correct staging of patients with multiple myeloma sensitive detection is mandatory in order to estimate prognosis and to decide for adequate therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to radiography for both, focal and diffuse involvement. Five different infiltration patterns can be differentiated: (1) normal appearance of bone marrow despite minor microscopic plasma cell infiltration, (2) focal involvement, (3) homogeneous diffuse infiltration, (4) combined diffuse and focal infiltration, (5) 'salt-and-pepper'-pattern with inhomogeneous bone marrow with interposition of fat islands. For the fast and complete assessment of all patterns a combination of a T1-weighted spin echo sequence and a fat suppression technique should be employed. The focal involvement is clearly demonstrated as areas of high signal intensity on, e.g. STIR images. Diffuse involvement is best detected on unenhanced T1-weighted SE sequences and it manifests as homogeneous signal reduction. It can be quantified objectively by calculation of the percentage of signal intensity increase after contrast material injection. With parallel imaging and special coil devices, such as total imaging matrix (Siemens systems, Avanto) a 'screening' of the whole red bone marrow as for myeloma infiltration is possible within a reasonable time. Patients without bone marrow infiltration have a significantly longer survival than patients with bone marrow infiltration in MRI at the time of diagnosis. However, even in stage I disease (Durie and Salmon) and negative X-ray films bone marrow infiltration in MRI may be detected in 29-50% of patients. Those patients typically show an earlier disease progression. Recently, MRI has been implemented in the clinical staging of patients with multiple myeloma. MRI may also monitor response to therapy. Signs of good response in cases with focal involvement are: reduction of signal intensity on T2-weighted spin echo images, lack or rim-like enhancement after contrast material injection or even a normalisation of bone marrow signal. In case of diffuse involvement a partly patchy reconversion to fatty marrow can be seen.

To find out the differential points between spinal neurilemmomas and neurofibromas. Fourteen patients with pathologically proven neurilemmomas(n=6) and neurofibromas(n=8) of spinal canal were studied using magnetic resonance(MR) imaging. Contrast enhancement was performed with Gd-DTPA in all 14 patients. The size and shape of the tumor, absence or presence of adjacent bone erosion, location and extent of the tumor, signal intensity, degree and pattern of Gd-DTPA enhancement of the tumor were retrospectively analyzed. Rim enhancement was seen in five of six patients(83%) with neurilemmomas and three of eight patients(38%) with neurofilbromas. Neurilemmormas showed moderate to marked enhancement in five of six patients(83%), whereas neurofibromas showed moderate to mild enhancement in all 8 cases(100%). The average size in longest diameter of the tumors was 2.8 cm in neurilemmomas, while 5.4 cm in neurofibromas. Neurilemmomas showed ovoid shape in 5 of 6 patients, no extra- or intradural extension, and erosion of adjacent bone in one patient, whereas neurilemmomas showed lobular shape in 6 of 8 patients, extra- or intradural extension in 6 of 8 patients, and erosion of adjacent bone in 4 of 8 patients. In differentiating neurofibroma from neurilemmoma, size, shape, extent of the tumor, absence or presence of adjacent bone erosion, and pattern and degree of enhancement of the tumor may be helpful.

Many factors, including polyethylene processing, sterilization method, counterface material, femoral head size, femoral offset, acetabular component position, implant design, and patient activity level, affect the rate of wear in total hip arthroplasty. For patients with life expectancy that exceeds the longevity of the conventional implant materials, an alternative bearing surface (highly cross-linked polyethylene, metal-on-metal, or ceramic-on-ceramic) may be considered. Although laboratory wear tests with these materials are very favorable, clinical outcomes have not been clearly established. When osteolysis does develop in response to particulate debris, the location and progression of the lesions may be quite variable. Asymptomatic stable lesions can be followed clinically and radiographically while symptomatic or enlarging lesions or those that may compromise the integrity of the periprosthetic bone stock require surgery. If acetabular component revision is necessary and an adequate rim of host bone is maintained to support a revision acetabular component, defects can be filled with particulate bone graft. Large segmental defects generally require structural allografts. If the acetabular shell is well fixed in good position and the osteolytic defects are accessible, treatment with curettage and bone grafting of the lesions with liner revision is appropriate to avoid use of a structural allograft. Proximal femoral defects around a well-fixed stem can be managed in a similar manner with curettage and bone grafting. Distal lesions associated with risk of periprosthetic femur fracture or implant loosening require stem revision. Osteoclastic resportion of bone in response to particulate debris can be impaired with use of some drugs such as alendronate. However, the safety and efficacy of alendronate in the clinical management of osteolysis associated with total hip arthroplasty has not been established. PMID:12690853

Many vertebrates have an ocular skeleton composed of cartilage and/or bone situated within the sclera of the eye. In this study we investigated whether modern and fossil sharks have an ocular skeleton, and whether it is conserved in morphology. We describe the scleral skeletal elements of three species of modern sharks and compare them to those found in fossil sharks from the Cleveland Shale (360 Mya). We also compare the elements to contemporaneous arthrodires from the same deposit. Surprisingly, the morphology of the skeletal support of the eye was found to differ significantly between modern and fossil sharks. All three modern shark species examined (spiny dogfish shark Squalus acanthias, porbeagle shark Lamna nasus and blue shark Prionace glauca) have a continuous skeletal element that encapsulates much of the eyeball; however, the tissue composition is different in each species. Histological and morphological examination revealed scleral cartilage with distinct tesserae in parts of the sclera of the porbeagle and blue shark, and more diffuse calcification in the dogfish. Strengthening of the scleral cartilage by means of tesserae has not been reported previously in the shark eye. In striking contrast, the ocular skeleton of fossil sharks comprises a series of individual elements that are arranged in a ring, similar to the arrangement in modern and fossil reptiles. Fossil arthrodires also have a multi-unit sclerotic ring but these are composed of fewer elements than in fossil sharks. The morphology of these elements has implications for the behaviour and visual capabilities of sharks that lived during the Devonian Period. This is the first time that such a dramatic variation in the morphology of scleral skeletal elements has been observed in a single lineage (Chondrichthyes), making this lineage important for broadening our understanding of the evolution of these elements within jawed vertebrates. PMID:19538630

Missense mutations that occur at the interface between two functional domains in the AAA protein p97 lead to suboptimal performance in its enzymatic activity and impaired intracellular functions, causing human disorders such as inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). Much progress has been made in characterizing these mutants at cellular, sub-cellular and molecular levels, gaining a substantial understanding of the involvement of p97 in various cellular pathways. At the tissue level, patient biopsies revealed co-localization of p97 with pathologic proteineous inclusions and rimmed vacuoles, which can be reproduced in various cellular and animal models of IBMPFD. At the subcellular level, alterations in p97's ability to bind ...

Lateral orbitotomy with or without removal of the lateral wall enables access to the extraconal and intraconal spaces of the orbit lateral to the optic nerve. We present the lateral triangle flap technique using an upper eyelid skin crease incision and skin incision from the lateral canthal angle joining together laterally at the outer margin of the lateral orbital rim, just beyond the lateral orbital margin. A triangular skin muscle flap is raised medially, based at the canthal angle, providing maximal exposure of the lateral and superolateral orbital wall. The deep lateral orbital wall can be burred away for lateral orbital decompression, or a bone flap removed for exposure of deep intraconal or extraconal lesions. The lateral triangle flap provides excellent exposure and postoperative c...

Objectives Prevention of relapse, or postoperative dislocation, of the fixed zygoma is necessary to achieve optimal results in the treatment of zygoma fractures. Assuming that the occurrence of intensified stresses on mastication at the screw-bone interface (SBI) constitutes the essential cause of the relapse, we evaluated the stresses for three different fixation methods-fixation at the frontal process (FP), inferior orbital rim (IOR), and zygomatico-maxillary buttress (ZMB). Methods We used 10 computer-aided design (CAD) models simulating zygoma fractures in the experiment. For each CAD model, we fixed the fractured zygoma with four screws and one mini-plate at the FP, IOR, or ZMB. After applying a 5.5kg force simulating mastication, we calculated the intensity and distribution patterns ...

An Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) system based on the technique of laser manipulation of neutral atoms has been used to count single atoms of ^41Ca present in bio-medical samples. The isotopic abundance levels of ^41Ca relative to ^40Ca of these samples range from 10-10 to 10-8. With its extremely low radioactivity due to its long lifetime, ^41Ca has promising applications as a medical tracer in the research of bone metabolism. A comparison between ATTA and Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) has been performed to calibrate the system and demonstrate the validity of ATTA as a quantitative analysis tool. The technique is free from contamination from unwanted isotopes and isobars that have been limiting factors for other laser-based techniques. Details of the latest results will be discussed. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract W-31-109-ENG-38.

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver-kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years. (orig.)

Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences. EG-1998-03- 109- ...... Examine the cinder cone of Mount Capulin, New Mexico, shown in Figure 2.1. The depression ..... Sketch should include bowl shape, rim-to- rim width of ...

selection of the optimum composite material for a given thin-rim flywheel environment. Sub .... It is noted that the solid disk made only with hoop windings ... rim spoke system is statically determinate; (2) the stresses and deflections in the ...

As pasteurization is becoming more widely used in limb salvage reconstruction, more study is required to understand about host-graft junction healing, graft revascularization and incorporation, and the incidence and type of complications among pasteurized autografts. This was mainly achieved by follow-up radiography. We aimed to clarify whether Tc99m bone scanning can be considered a reliable method in determining these three parameters. Twenty-seven osteosarcoma patients with pasteurized autograft reconstructions were retrospectively reviewed using available scintigraphic and radiographic follow-up every 6 months postoperatively for 36 months. Follow-up of the unhealed cases was continued for the maximum follow-up period available for each case beyond the original study period, ranging from 1 to 15 months. Tc99m uptake was classified as cold, faint, moderate and high uptake. Junction healing was classified as none, partial and complete healing. Seventy percent of junctions united with a mean of 22 months. Ninety to 100% of junctions showed increased uptake (high or moderate) at one time of the study regardless of final outcome. 85% of the pasteurized grafts showed the characteristic ''tramline appearance''. Four grafts (15%) were complicated: pseudoarthrosis and implant failure (1), fractured plate (1), intramedullary nail (IMN) fracture (1), and prosthesis stem loosening in the host bone (1), with underlying unhealed junctions in all cases. Bone scanning can determine the stages of the graft's rim revascularization and incorporation; however, it cannot detect or predict junction healing or occurrence of complications. Supplementary treatment of unhealed junctions showing either decreased junctional uptake or graft quiescence may be warranted. Otherwise, detection of distant metastasis and early local recurrence remains the main application of Tc99m scanning in the management of bone sarcomas. (orig.)

Abstract in portuguese Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o metabolismo do flúor (F) em ovinos. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 12 animais, com cinco meses de idade, os quais receberam como dieta base 3% do peso vivo de feno de alfafa e água ad libitum. Os animais foram divididos e constituíram um grupo Controle, que recebeu apenas sal iodado (5g de NaCl/animal + 0,2mg I/kg matéria seca) e, um grupo Tratado, que recebeu sal iodado adicionado de fluoreto de sódio (4,7mg F/kg de peso corporal). (more) Esses sais foram administrados via sonda oro-esofágica, diariamente por um período de 150 dias. Para análise de F, coletaram-se amostras de sangue, urina e fezes e, ao fim do período experimental, após a eutanásia dos animais, coletou-se a glândula pineal e amostras de osso. Também nesta ocasião, coletou-se uma amostra de rim para exame histopatológico. Analisando-se os teores séricos, urinários e ósseos de F, verificou-se que foram significativamente superiores nos animais Tratados em relação aos Controles. Quanto ao F contido na glândula pineal, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Na análise histológica do rim, não foram observadas alterações. Conclui-se que a administração crônica de flúor induz ao acúmulo desse elemento nos ossos, mesmo havendo um alto teor de cálcio na alimentação e esse acúmulo parece não ser nocivo aos animais. Em ovinos, a capacidade orgânica de acúmulo ósseo e excreção urinária do flúor é diferente de outras espécies animais. Abstract in english The objective of the present study was to evaluate fluorine metabolism in growing lambs. Twelve 5-month-old male lambs maintained on alfalfa hay (3% BW) and non-fluorinated water ad libitum were used. Animals were allocated into Control, receiving 5g NaCl/animal/day + 0.2mg I/kg dry matter) and Treated group, receiving the same treatment plus sodium fluoride (4.7mg F/kg body weight). Mineral treatment was given by gavage, daily for 150 days. Blood, urine and fecal samples (more) were collected during and the end of the experiment. At the end of treatment period animals were euthanized and kidney, pineal and bone samples were collected. Urine F was higher in treated animals throughout the experiment. Bone F levels were also increased in treated animals; pineal F content however, was not different between groups. Kidney histology revealed no differences. It is concluded that chronic F administration induces accumulation of the element in the skeleton. However such fact appears not to be detrimental to animals. Rates of F accumulation in bone and urine excretion obtained in other species can not be used in growing lambs.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction on the stress distribution of the occlusal force in the human skull. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) model was constructed based on computed tomography scan data, and it served as the pretreatment model. For the extraction model simulating postorthodontic occlusion, the first premolar was removed in the pretreatment model, and the anterior and posterior segments were repositioned. Stress distribution was evaluated by 3D FE analysis in both models under the simulation of 1000 N for occlusal forces and 400 N for masseter muscle force. Results: The occlusal stresses were concentrated at the alveolar bone near the teeth, the infrazygomatic crest, the frontal process, the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, the infraorbital rim, the pyriform aperture region, and the pterygoid plate in both models. The von Mises stress at the pterygoid plate area was lower in the extraction model (3.53 MPa) than in the pretreatment model (5.57 MPa), while the stress at the frontal process of the maxilla was higher in the extraction model (2.32 MPa) than in the pretreatment model (2.16 MPa). Conclusions: The results indicated that the occlusal forces were transferred through the maxillonasal, maxillozygomatic, and maxillopterygoid stress trajectories and that stress distribution moved more "forward" with the orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. PMID:22860753

We report a rare case of central Schwannoma, a type of nerve sheath tumor, arising in the mandibular bone of a 34-year-old man. A periapical lesion was discovered during routine dental treatment. Radiographically, the lesion was a large round-shaped and well-defined radiolucent lesion with a radiopaque rim in the anterior apical region, which extended from the right canine to the left lateral incisor in the mandible. The surgically removed mass was a relatively well-encapsulated tumor, measuring 1.5 cm in diameter. Histologically, the tumor showed a typical histology of Antoni type A of Schwannoma, focally interspersed with myxoid areas in which tumor cells had nuclear atypia. A review of the literature revealed that there have been only a total of 54 reported cases of central Schwannoma of the jaw bones including the present case, most of which were located in the posterior part of the mandible with a female/male ratio of 1.6 to 1 and a mean age of 33.9 years.   

The rover Opportunity has investigated the rim of Endeavour Crater, a large ancient impact crater on Mars. Basaltic breccias produced by the impact form the rim deposits, with stratigraphy similar to that observed at similar-sized craters on Earth. Highly localized zinc enrichments in some breccia materials suggest hydrothermal alteration of rim deposits. Gypsum-rich veins cut sedimentary rocks adjacent to the crater rim. The gypsum was precipitated from low-temperature aqueous fluids flowing upward from the ancient materials of the rim, leading temporarily to potentially habitable conditions and providing some of the waters involved in formation of the ubiquitous sulfate-rich sandstones of the Meridiani region. PMID:22556248

Abstract This study aimed at determining if the recovery of mean diffusivity (MD) in the contralateral non sclerotic hippocampus is correlated with change in memory outcome after surgery in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Verbal and non-verbal memory scores and MD were as...

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an exceedingly rare, disseminated non-Langerhan cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement, having characteristic sclerotic skeletal lesions. We present an unusual case primarily manifesting as an extensive orbital disease, with low-grade systemic involvement. Owing to its rarity and therefore lack of general awareness it remains a difficult clinical and pathologic diagnosis. Immuno-histochemistry of the biopsy specimen is diagnostic.

The rupture of gastric varices results in variceal hemorrhage, which is one the most lethal complications of cirrhosis. Endoscopic therapies for varices aim to reduce variceal wall tension by obliteration of the varix. The two principal methods available for esophageal varices are endoscopic sclerot...

With a rise in post-traumatic osteoarthritis, OA no longer is considered just a disease of aging. The ‘gold standard’ for OA diagnosis has long been planar radiographs for visualizing osteophytes, joint space narrowing and sclerotic changes. A typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol will a...

The influence of tricyclazole (5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol[3,4]benzothiazole), a specific DHN-melanin inhibitor, on the cell walls and intracellular structures of Fonsecaea pedrosoi conidia and sclerotic cells was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), deep-etching, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The treatment of the fungus with 16 microg mL(-1) of tricyclazole (TC) did not significantly affect fungal viability, but electron microscopy observations showed several important morphological differences between TC-treated and non-TC treated cells. Control sclerotic cells presented patched granules, with an average diameter of 47 nm, on the cell surface, which were absent in TC-treated cells. Also, TC-treated sclerotic cells showed an undulated relief. TC treatment leads to an accumulation of electron lucent vacuoles in the fungal cytoplasm of both conidia and sclerotic cells, and treated conidia observed by deep etching showed a relevant thickening of the fungal cell wall. Together, these observations support the previous data of our group that F. pedrosoi synthesizes melanin in intracellular organelles. In addition, we suggest that melanin is not only an extracellular constituent but could also be dispersing all over the cell walls and could have an effective role in cross-linking different cell wall compounds that help maintain the regular shape of the cell wall. PMID:16850396

In comparison to enamel, bonding to normal dentin is a greater challenge because of its organic constituents, fluid-filed tubules, and variations in intrinsic composition. Bonding to sclerotic dentin is even more difficult. To evaluate the shear bond strengths of four adhesive systems to dentin subs...

Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIM) are known to occur after high and low dose cranial radiation therapy. Currently, RIM are the most common form of radiation-induced neoplasm reported. We present the largest series of RIM induced by high dose radiation reported thus far and review the literature. Radiation therapy was most commonly given for childhood malignancy. We compared our group of 26 patients with RIM with previously published reports of RIM, and also with 364 patients with spontaneous meningioma (SM) treated at The Royal Melbourne Hospital between 2007 and 2011 with regard to age, gender, and histopathology. In our group of patients with RIM, the mean age at presentation was 38.5years, in comparison to 60.1years for patients with SM. The female-to-male ratio was 1.88:1 in RIM comp...

Mammalian arrestins have a major role in the intracellular trafficking of seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors. The fungal ambient pH signaling pathway involves an arrestin-related protein, PalF/Rim8, and the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery. We found that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rim8 binds to both the putative 7TM pH sensor Rim21 and the ESCRT-I subunit Vps23. We show that an SXP motif in Rim8 mediates binding to the Vps23 ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain and that a monoubiquitinated residue near the SXP motif contributes to this interaction. We present evidence that Rim8 ubiquitination is dependent on the Rsp5 E3 ubiquitin ligase and triggered upon binding of Vps23 UEV to both the SXP motif and ubiquitin, thus suggesting a two-step binding mechanism. We further show that Rim8 coimmunoprecipitates with ESCRT-I subunits Vps23 and Vps28, supporting the idea that binding of Rim8 to Vps23 mediates the association of Rim8 with the ESCRT-I complex. Fluorescence microscopic analyses indicate that overexpressed Rim8 and Vps23 colocalize at cortical punctate structures, providing additional evidence of the interaction between these two proteins. Strikingly, our findings indicate that evolutionary conserved mechanisms control the recruitment of the ESCRT machinery to Pal/Rim proteins in fungi and retroviral Gag proteins in animal cells. PMID:20028738

A flywheel 2 comprising a hub 4 having at least one radially projecting disc 6, an annular rim 14 secured to said disc and providing a surface circumferential to said hub, a first plurality of resin-impregnated fibers 22 wound about said rim congruent to said surface, and a shell 26 enclosing said first plurality of fibers and formed by a second plurality of resin-impregnated fibers wound about said rim tangentially to said surface.

Synaptic communication requires the controlled release of synaptic vesicles from presynaptic axon terminals. Release efficacy is regulated by the many proteins that comprise the presynaptic release apparatus, including Ca(2+) channels and proteins that influence Ca(2+) channel accumulation at release sites. Here we identify Drosophila RIM (Rab3 interacting molecule) and demonstrate that it localizes to active zones at the larval neuromuscular junction. In Drosophila RIM mutants, there is a large decrease in evoked synaptic transmission because of a significant reduction in both the clustering of Ca(2+) channels and the size of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles at active zones. Hence, RIM plays an evolutionarily conserved role in regulating synaptic calcium channel localization and readily releasable pool size. Because RIM has traditionally been studied as an effector of Rab3 function, we investigate whether RIM is involved in the newly identified function of Rab3 in the distribution of presynaptic release machinery components across release sites. Bruchpilot (Brp), an essential component of the active zone cytomatrix T bar, is unaffected by RIM disruption, indicating that Brp localization and distribution across active zones does not require wild-type RIM. In addition, larvae containing mutations in both RIM and rab3 have reduced Ca(2+) channel levels and a Brp distribution that is very similar to that of the rab3 single mutant, indicating that RIM functions to regulate Ca(2+) channel accumulation but is not a Rab3 effector for release machinery distribution across release sites. PMID:23175814

NONI:I1. )INV1 ...... L__._._._.J.JL_. _. __ .............. _J.__.J-LU __. -. UI. OEIEI. _NII. "1rim. )11:11. _ ! .............. ,j ............................ I ........... [ ..J ............................ ! ...... =1 ...

A teenager college student was fatally injured by burst tyre air pressure while waiting on a public bus stand to catch a bus to reach her college at Kuala Lumpur. She accidentally came near the wheel while boarding when tube and tyre got burst .The air pressure had blown the girl in the air and she subsequently fell on a rough surface. The iron-locking rim of the wheel acted as a missile and hit the girl. She died on her way to the hospital. A medico-legal autopsy was performed which showed extensive injuries in the cranial and chest cavity. Head had large scalp laceration with diffuse separation and gaping from in the vault region; skull bones were fractured. Chest cavity had extensive rib fractures, lacerated lungs and haemo-thorax while externally there was no obvious injury. It requires intensive care management and screening of the victims. Tyre-blast injuries are not so common. This case exposes the hazard due to burst tyre. PMID:19329081

Background and purpose: The craniofacial skeleton remains not fully recognised as far as its mechanical resistance properties are concerned. Heretofore, the only available information on the mechanism of cranial bone fractures came from clinical observations, since the clinical evaluation in a living individual is practically impossible. It seems crucial to implement computer methods of virtual research into clinical practice. Such methods, which have long been used in the technical sciences, may either confirm or disprove previous observations. The aim of the study was to identify the areas of stress concentrations caused by external loads, which can lead to cranio-orbital fractures (COF), by the finite element method (FEM). Material and methods: For numerical analysis, a three-dimensional commercially available geometrical model of the skull was used which was imported into software of FEM. Computations were performed with ANSYS 12.1 Static Structural module. The loads were applied laterally to the frontal squama, the zygomatic process and partly to the upper orbital rim to locate dangerous concentration of stresses potentially resulting in COF. Results: Changes in the area of force application revealed differences in values, quality and the extent of the stress distribution. Depending on the area of force application the following parameters would change: the value and area of stresses characteristic of COF. Conclusion: The distribution of stresses obtained in this study allowed definition of both the locations most vulnerable to fracture and sites from which fractures may originate or propagate. PMID:23023433

Metastasis to the orbital soft tissues is relatively uncommon. We report a rare case of renal cell carcinoma with orbital metastasis as the first clinical manifestation. A 48-year-old-man presented with left proptosis and complete ptosis of three weeks duration. Radiological examination revealed a left intraconal heterogeneous cyst-like lesion with rim enhancement immediately deep to the left superior rectus muscle. Diagnosed as having orbital cysticercosis, he was prescribed oral albendazole and prednisolone. But there was no clinical improvement. An incisional biopsy performed showed metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma. The patient complained of backache and weight loss in the interim. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed extensive vertebral metastasis to the thoracic and lumbosacral spine and the iliac bone, with an incidental detection of a large mass from the right kidney. Further MRI of abdomen and chest showed a large right renal mass presumed to be a renal cell carcinoma with extension into the right renal vein, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, and peritoneum. There were small nodules in the lung suggesting the possibility of pulmonary metastatic deposits. Renal cell carcinoma does not respond to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation; because of the disease's advanced stage, the patient received palliative treatment. There have been only two other reports in the literature of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the orbit where the proptosis was the initial presenting feature similar to our case. PMID:18836935

Metal backing has been widely used in acetabular cup design. A stiff backing for a polyethylene liner was initially believed to be mechanically favourable. Yet, recent studies of the load transfer around acetabular cups have shown that a stiff backing causes two problems. It generates higher stress peaks around the acetabular rim than those caused by full polyethylene cups and reduces the stresses transferred to the dome of the acetabulum causing stress shielding. The aim of this study is to overcome these two problems by improving the design of cementless metal-backed acetabular cups using the two-dimensional functionally graded material (FGM) concept through finite-element analysis and optimization techniques. It is found that the optimal 2D FGM model must have three bioactive materials of hydroxyapatite, Bioglass and collagen. This optimal material reduces the stress shielding at the dome of the acetabulum by 40% and 37% compared with stainless steel and titanium metal backing shells, respectively. In addition, using the 2D FGM model reduces the maximum interface shear stress in the bone by 31% compared to the titanium metal backing shell. PMID:18458393

ABSTRACT: Aesthetic units of the face can be divided into facial content (FC; eyes, nose, lips, and mouth), anterior facial frame (AFF; a contour line from the trichion, the temporal line of the frontal bone, the lateral orbital rim, the most lateral line of the anterior part of the zygomatic body, the anterior border of the masseter muscle, to the inferior border of the chin), and posterior facial frame (PFF; a contour line from the hairline, the zygomatic arch, to the ramus and gonial angle area of the mandible). The size and shape of each FC and the balance and proportion between FCs create a unique appearance for each person. The facial form can be determined through the combination of AFF and PFF. In the Asian population, clinicians frequently encounter problems of FC (eg, acute nasolabial angle, protrusive and everted lips, nonconsonant lip line, or lip canting), AFF (eg, midface hypoplasia, protrusive and asymmetric chin, vertical deficiency/excess of the anterior maxilla and symphysis, or prominent zygoma), and PFF (eg, square mandibular angle). These problems can be efficiently and effectively corrected through the combination of hard tissue surgery such as anterior segmental osteotomy, genioplasty, mandibular angle reduction, malarplasty, and orthognathic surgery. Therefore, the purposes of this article were to introduce the concepts of FC, AFF, and PFF, and to explain the effects of facial hard tissue surgery on facial aesthetics. PMID:23147319

The objectives of surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement are to improve the symptoms and to prevent or slow the progression of osteoarthritis by improving joint clearance between the acetabular rim and the femoral neck. Arthroscopic correction of bone abnormalities and treatment of articular lesions requires the use of techniques that provide good access to the peripheral and central compartments of the hip joint. Various patient positions and portal placements have been suggested. The sequence used to access the two compartments may differ according to the option chosen. Entering the central compartment first is the most popular technique for arthroscopic hip joint access and requires joint distraction under fluoroscopic monitoring. Accessing the peripheral compartment first can be achieved without distraction and does not always require fluoroscopic guidance. Regardless of the sequence, capsulotomy greatly facilitates the therapeutic procedures that are common to all approaches. Osteoplasties are conducted after careful pre-operative planning based on various visual or fluoroscopic landmarks. Several options are available for treating articular cartilage and labral lesions. PMID:22795065

A representative of the family Apionacaridae is recorded from the passerine birds Passeriformes for the first time. Fringillosphaera bochkovi gen. n., sp. n. is described from the chaffinch Fringilla coelebs (Fringillidae). The new genus obtains main diagnostic characters as follows. Vertical setae vi absent. Prodorsal shield free from scapular sheilds and epimerites Ia. Humeral sheilds present. Epimerites I convergent, connected by sclerotized plate. Lateral setae f2 and pseudanal setae ps3 absent. Coxal fields I-IV sclerotized. In male: legs IV present, genital apparatus at level of trochanters IV, genital arch with divergent branches. Epiandrium absent. Coxal setae 3a absent. Morphological peculiarities, host associations and phylogenetic relationships of the family Apionacaridae are briefly discussed. It is suggested that this family represents and ancient and relic phylogenetic branch, which had split rather early from the common ancestor of the superfamily Analgoidea in the period of formation of the Neognathae birds. PMID:11605453

A case of acute intermittent porphyria is described in a 37-year-old female patient treated with normasang, a drug that regulates porphyrin metabolism at the last stages of the disease. Chronic renal failure with the hypertensive syndrome, severe neurological symptoms, and vascular sclerotic changes in all organs were the symptoms of the underlying disease. Infectious complications were the cause of sepsis and favoured deteriorated multiple organ dysfunction that determined lethal exitus. PMID:18290381

Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is a rare benign sclerosing disease of the skeleton and inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. OPK is associated with inflammatory rheumatic disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, reactive arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We report a rare case of OPK coexistent with ankylosing spondylitis and FMF. The patient presented multiple sclerotic lesions within and around the sacroiliac joints and a series of radiological diagnostic challenges.

Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is an uncommon osteosclerotic dysplasia. There is no exact evidence of its etiology and pathogenesis. Usually, it is an asymptomatic disease, and the diagnosis is made incidentally from radiographs, which show multiple, small, well-defined, variably shaped and widely distributed sclerotic areas over the skeleton. In this study, we report a 54-year-old man who suffers from back and leg pain and was diagnosed OPK by radiologically and review literature. PMID:21879375

Abstract in english The nematode Binema bonaerensis n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae) is described from the intestine of the mole cricket of Neocurtilla claraziana Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is distinguished mainly by having a conical tail; three sclerotized arches in the buccal cavity; an excretory pore inmediately posterior to the base of the esophagus and the presence of five pairs of male genital papillae with one pair preanal and four pairs postanal.

Background. In multiple myeloma 5 different infiltration patterns can be differentiated: 1. Normal appearance of bone marrow, 2. focal involvement, 3. homogeneous diffuse infiltration, 4. combined diffuse and focal infiltration, 5. 'salt-and pepper' pattern with inhomogeneous bone marrow with interposition of fat islands. Methods. For the fast and total acquisition of all patterns a combination of a T1-weighted spin echo sequence and a fat suppression technique is superior. The focal involvement is clearly demonstrated as areas of high signal intensity on e.g. STIR images. Diffuse involvement can be quantified objectively by calculation of the percentage of signal intensity increase after contrast material injection. MRI is superior to X-ray in focal and diffuse involvement. With ultrafast sequences a 'screening' of the whole red bone marrow as for myeloma infiltration is possible. Prognosis. In prognosis studies diffuse infiltration is inferior to focal involvement. Patients without bone marrow infiltration have a significantly longer survival than patients with bone marrow infiltration in MRI at the time of diagnosis. However, even patients in stage one of disease (Durie and Salmon) and negative X-ray films can show bone marrow infiltration in MRI. Those patients often show an early disease progression. Good response to therapy in focal involvement are: Reduction of signal intensity on T2-weighted spin echo images, lack or rim-like enhancement after contrast material injection or even a normalisation of bone marrow signal. In case of diffuse involvement a partly patchy reconversion to fatty marrow can be seen. (orig.) [German] Hintergrund. Bei Patienten mit Multiplen Myelom koennen 5 verschiedene Signalmuster in der MRT begrenzt werden: 1. Normal erscheinendes Knochenmark bei geringer interstitieller Infiltration, 2. fokaler Befall, 3. diffuser Befall, 4. kombiniert diffuser und fokaler Befall, 5. Salz-und-Pfeffer-Struktur mit fleckig inhomogenem Knochenmark bei umschriebenen Fetteinlagerungen. Methode. Zur schnellen und alle Muster erfassenden Darstellung des Knochenmarks ist die Kombination einer T1-gewichteten Spinecho- und einer fettgesaettigten Sequenz am besten geeignet. Die fokalen Herde werden auf STIR-Sequenzen kontrastreich und hyperintens abgebildet. Die diffuse Knochenmarkinfiltration laesst sich anhand des prozentualen Signalanstiegs nach i.-v.-Kontrastmittelapplikation nachweisen. Die MRT ist im Nachweis sowohl der diffusen als auch der fokalen Infiltration der Projektionsradiographie deutlich ueberlegen. Mit schnellen Sequenzen ist ein 'Screening' des gesamten Knochenmarkraums moeglich. Prognose. Die diffuse Infiltration ist prognostisch unguenstiger als die fokale Infiltration. Patienten die zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung eines Multiplen Myeloms keine Auffaelligkeit in der MRT zeigen, ueberleben signifikant laenger als Patienten mit MR-tomographisch nachweisbaren Veraenderungen im Knochenmark. Auch Patienten im Stadium I der Erkrankung nach Durie und Salmon und negativem Roentgenbild koennen in der MRT schon Myelominfiltrate zeigen und haben dann einen frueheren Progress der Erkankung. Bei fokalen Myelombefall weisen folgende Befunde auf ein gutes Ansprechen der Therapie hin: Signalminderung im T2-gewichteten SE-Bild, fehlende oder nur noch ringfoermige Kontrastmittelaufnahme oder eine vollstaendige Normalisierung des Knochenmarksignals. Bei diffuser Infiltration kommt es bei gutem Ansprechen auf die Therapie zu einer Umwandlung in Fettmark, die teilweise auch inhomogen und fleckig erscheinen kann. (orig.)

Extant arthropods are diverse and ubiquitous, forming a major constituent of most modern ecosystems. Evidence from early Palaeozoic Konservat Lagerstätten indicates that this has been the case since the Cambrian. Despite this, the details of arthropod origins remain obscure, although most hypotheses regard the first arthropods as benthic predators or scavengers such as the fuxianhuiids or megacheirans ('great-appendage' arthropods). Here, we describe a new arthropod from the Tulip Beds locality of the Burgess Shale Formation (Cambrian, series 3, stage 5) that possesses a weakly sclerotized thorax with filamentous appendages, encased in a bivalved carapace, and a strongly sclerotized, elongate abdomen and telson. A cladistic analysis resolved this taxon as the basal-most member of a paraphyletic grade of nekto-benthic forms with bivalved carapaces. This grade occurs at the base of Arthropoda (panarthropods with arthropodized trunk limbs) and suggests that arthrodization (sclerotization and jointing of the exoskeleton) evolved to facilitate swimming. Predatory and fully benthic habits evolved later in the euarthropod stem-lineage and are plesiomorphically retained in pycnogonids (sea spiders) and euchelicerates (horseshoe crabs and arachnids). PMID:23055069

Abstract in portuguese A displasia cemento-óssea florida tem sido descrita como uma condição que afeta tipicamente os maxilares de mulheres negras de meia idade. Ela geralmente se manifesta como múltiplas massas radiopacas semelhantes ao cemento distribuídas nos maxilares. Esta condição também tem sido classificada por vários autores como cementoma gigantiforme, osteomielite esclerosante crônica, osteíte esclerosante e massas de cemento escleróticas. Os autores apresentam um caso de (more) displasia cemento-óssea florida não complicada em uma mulher negra de 48 anos de idade. Múltiplas massas escleróticas com bordas radiolúcidas na mandíbula foram identificadas radiograficamente. Os achados histopatológicos revelaram formação de massas escleróticas densas calcificadas semelhantes ao cemento. Todos os aspectos clínicos, radiográficos, bioquímicos e histológicos foram sugestivos do diagnóstico de displasia cemento-óssea florida. Abstract in english Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia has been described as a condition that characteristically affects the jaws of middle-aged black women. It usually manifests as multiple radiopaque cementum-like masses distributed throughout the jaws. This condition has also been classified as gigantiform cementoma, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, sclerosing osteitis, multiple estenosis and sclerotic cemental masses. The authors present a case of an uncomplicated florid cemento-osseous d (more) ysplasia in a 48-year-old black woman. Multiple sclerotic masses with radiolucent border in the mandible were identified radiographically. Histopathologic findings revealed formation of calcified dense sclerotic masses similar to cementum. All clinical, radiographic, biochemical and histological features were suggestive of the diagnosis of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia.

The acid-catalyzed condensation reaction of resorcinol and bisdimethoxyacetals gave rise to rim-to-rim connected bisresorcinarenes in good yields. In the presence of ethanol, the homoditopic bisresorcinarenes assembled to form supramolecular polymers via hydrogen bonding interactions. The fibrous morphologies of the supramolecular polymers were confirmed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. PMID:22900799

An amphiphilic calix[4]arene derivative bearing four guanidino moieties at the upper rim and four dodecyl chains at the lower rim was shown to form stable solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in water. The study of the interactions of these cationic SLNs with DNA revealed a sequence-dependent groove binding mechanism. PMID:23147273

The total number of craters within a bin of mean diameter, and the number of craters of each degradational type within that bin are tabulated. Rim-to-rim diameters were measured at arbitrary azimuths for rectified photos or photos taken at vertical incidence (most lunar photos), and at azimuths paralleling a local tangent to the limb for oblique images.

status. Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer ... The rim is made of M30G carbon fiber and an epoxy resin system. ... The composite rotor rim is 78.3 percent fiber by weight and 71 percent by volume. ... rotors (i.e., bolt holes for hub-shaft attachment) ...

Growth rates of monomineralic, polycrystalline ?kermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) rims produced by solid-state reactions between monticellite (CaMgSiO4) and wollastonite (CaSiO3) single crystals were determined at 0.5?GPa dry argon pressure, 1,000?1,200?C and 5?min to 60?h, using an internally heated pressure vessel. Inert Pt-markers, initially placed at the monticellite?wollastonite interface, indicate symmetrical growth into both directions. This and mass balance considerations demonstrate that rim growth is controlled by transport of MgO. At 1,200?C and run durations between 5?min and 60?h, rim growth follows a parabolic rate law with rim widths ranging from 0.4 to 16.3??m indicating diffusion-controlled rim growth. The effective bulk diffusion coefficient Formula Not Shown is calculated to 10?15....

Abstract in portuguese OBJETIVO: Verificar, por meio da ultra-sonografia, os parâmetros espaciais do complexo hiolaríngeo na dinâmica da deglutição e a associação entre idade e efeitos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Neste estudo quantitativo e prospectivo foram incluídos 39 indivíduos sadios, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 20 a 70 anos (média, 45,56; desvio-padrão, 14,53). Avaliou-se a biomecânica da deglutição correspondente à medida da distância entre a porção superior do (more) osso hióide e a borda superior da cartilagem tireóide, no momento de máxima elevação laríngea. As medidas foram realizadas com a ingestão de alimentos de consistências líquida e pastosa. RESULTADOS: A variação da distância da laringe ao hióide apresentou associação positiva com a idade, somente na deglutição de alimento pastoso, consistência na qual é solicitada maior atividade de propulsão lingual do que nos líquidos. CONCLUSÃO: É possível que o aumento da distância entre o hióide e a laringe, que representa menor elevação laríngea, na deglutição de pastosos, ocorra por efeito do envelhecimento, processo no qual se verifica diminuição de reservas funcionais, mesmo em indivíduos sadios. A ultra-sonografia pode detectar comportamentos relacionados a consistências alimentares, o que mostra sua possível potencialidade diagnóstica na avaliação da deglutição. Abstract in english OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, by means of ultrasonography, the spatial parameters of the hyolaryngeal complex in the deglutition dynamics as well the correlation between age and effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present prospective and quantitative study included 39 healthy men and women in the age range between 20 and 70 years (mean, 45.56; standard deviation, 14.53). The swallowing biomechanics corresponding to the measurement of the distance between the upper portion of th (more) e hyoid bone and the upper rim of the thyroid cartilage at the moment of maximum laryngeal elevation was evaluated. Measurements were performed with the ingestion of pasty or liquid food. RESULTS: The variation of the distance between the hyoid bone and the larynx presented a positive association with aging only in the swallowing of pasty food that requires a higher lingual propulsive activity than liquid food does. CONCLUSION: An increase in the distance between the hyoid bone and the larynx, corresponding to a poorer laryngeal elevation, may occur during the deglutition of pasty food as a result of aging, a process where a decrease in functional reserves is observed even in healthy individuals. Ultrasonography can detect the swallowing behavior related to foods consistency, demonstrating the diagnostic potentiality of this method in the evaluation of the deglutition.

... Javascript on. Feature: Osteoporosis Preventing and Treating Brittle Bones and Osteoporosis Past Issues / Winter 2011 Table of ... at high risk due to low bone mass. Bone and Bone Loss Bone is living, growing tissue. ...

A flywheel rim support formed from two shell halves. Each of the shell halves has a disc connected to the central shaft. A first shell element connects to the disc at an interface. A second shell element connects to the first shell element. The second shell element has a plurality of meridional slits. A cylindrical shell element connects to the second shell element. The cylindrical shell element connects to the inner surface of the flywheel rim. A flywheel rim support having a disc connected an outer diameter of a shaft. Two optimally shaped shell elements connect to the optimally shaped disc at an interface. The interface defines a discontinuity in a meridional slope of said support. A cylindrical shell element connects to the two shell elements. The cylindrical shell element has an outer surface for connecting to the inner surface of the flywheel rim. A flywheel rim casing includes an annular shell connected to the central shaft. The annular shell connects to the flywheel rim. A composite shell surrounds the shaft, annular shell and flywheel rim.

Dried deposits of spherical Ludox silica and disk-like laponite clay nanoparticles have been examined by dark-field optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the effects of nanoparticle shape on the deposit structure. Dark-field optical images indicated that a higher concentration of Ludox nanoparticles was required, compared to laponite, for an optically visible deposit to be formed. Compared with the relatively simple ring-like features observed at the edges of Ludox deposits, the laponite deposits were more complex, with dendritic features appearing below 10ppm that disappeared at higher laponite concentrations. AFM images revealed that whilst the Ludox rim deposit structure gradually increased in height and width with increasing nanoparticle concentration, the laponite rim deposits increased steadily in height up to 1ppm, above which the rim height suddenly decreased and the deposit structure became smoother. The widths of the rim deposits were observed to increase in a similar manner for both nanoparticle types. Nanoparticle shape is suggested as the main reason for differences in the structural features of the rim for each nanoparticle type. The disk-like laponite forms tall thin rim profiles at low concentrations, before creating a more uniform rim profile at higher concentrations. We suggest that a critical laponite rim height is reached before partial collapse of the nanoparticle stack at the rim takes place as the particle concentration is further increased. This produces much thinner and smoother films of laponite at high particle concentrations than is found for similar concentrations of Ludox. Our work suggests that both the shape and the concentration of the nanoparticles themselves are crucial in determining the structure of the final dried nanoparticle deposit. PMID:20825947

BACKGROUND: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and acetabular retroversion represent distinct acetabular pathomorphologies. Both are associated with alterations in pelvic morphology. In cases where direct radiographic assessment of the acetabulum is difficult or impossible or in mixed cases of DDH and retroversion, additional indirect pelvimetric parameters would help identify the major underlying structural abnormality. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked: How does DDH and retroversion differ with respect to rotation and coronal obliquity as measured by the pelvic width index, anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) sign, ilioischial angle, and obturator index? And what is the predictive value of each variable in detecting acetabular retroversion? METHODS: We reviewed AP pelvis radiographs for 51 dysplastic and 51 retroverted hips. Dysplasia was diagnosed based on a lateral center-edge angle of less than 20° and an acetabular index of greater than 14°. Retroversion was diagnosed based on a lateral center-edge angle of greater than 25° and concomitant presence of the crossover/ischial spine/posterior wall signs. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each variable used to diagnose acetabular retroversion. RESULTS: We found a lower pelvic width index, higher prevalence of the AIIS sign, higher ilioischial angle, and lower obturator index in acetabular retroversion. The entire innominate bone is internally rotated in DDH and externally rotated in retroversion. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.969 (pelvic width index), 0.776 (AIIS sign), 0.971 (ilioischial angle), and 0.925 (obturator index). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic morphology is associated with acetabular pathomorphology. Our measurements, except the AIIS sign, are indirect indicators of acetabular retroversion. The data suggest they can be used when the acetabular rim is not clearly visible and retroversion is not obvious. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID:22798136

A tool for removing the lid of a metal drum wherein the lid is clamped over the drum rim without protruding edges, the tool having an elongated handle with a blade carried by an angularly positioned holder affixed to the midsection of the handle, the blade being of selected width to slice between lid lip and the drum rim and, when the blade is so positioned, upward motion of the blade handle will cause the blade to pry the lip from the rim and allow the lid to be removed.

Resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS) is an analytical tool discovered in the 1970's, developed primarily in the 1980's, and one which will undoubtedly see continued and expanding use through the 1990's. This technique combines laser ionization with mass spectrometric sorting and detection to yield results of unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity. We discuss the application of RIMS to the analysis of conventional analytical samples, as well as the combinations of RIMS with laser or particle beam sputtering for the analysis of solids and surfaces with minimal sample preparation. 23 refs., 4 figs.

Supramolecular nanoaggregates formed through the association of amphiphilic sulfonatomethylated calix[4]resorcinarenes with different substituents on the lower rim (methyl, pentyl, heptyl) and number of aromatic, aliphatic, and cationic guests differing in their shapes and sizes were investigated in aqueous solution by various NMR techniques (1H, 2D NOESY, FT-PGSE). It was shown that slight variations of the alkyl chain length on the lower rim of calixresorcinarenes dramatically change their aggregation behavior. Unlike the other calixresorcinarenes studied, the "head-to-tail" packing mode is observed for calixresorcinarene with pentyl moieties on the lower rim, which is unusual for amphiphilic calixarene aggregates. This calixresorcinarene demonstrates the stronger binding capacity toward...

Little is known about the timing and processes involved in the incorporation of organic matter with inorganic materials in early Solar System bodies. Recently, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) studies showed carbon-rich rims surrounding individual mineral grains in anhydrous IDPs [1,2]. These carbonaceous rims are believed to have formed prior to parent body formation and likely served to bond mineral grains during accretion into larger aggregates. We are exploring the nature of these carbonaceous rims through coordinated analyses of their chemistry, mineralogy, spectroscopy and isotopic characteristics. Here we report our preliminary mineralogical observations.

Introduction: Foam sclerotization of varicose veins may cause paradoxical embolization through patent foramen ovale (PFO). The aim of our study was to: 1) select an optimal screening method for the detection of PFO; 2) determine the prevalence of PFO in a non-selected population; and 3) test the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous bubbles in patients with PFO.Materials and methods: A diver after decompression is a suitable model for determining the risk of paradoxical embolization of venous gas bubbles. 329 Czech divers were screened for PFO. In a pilot study, we compared Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) with Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) in 100 patients. TCD alone was used for further screening. In 31 divers with PFO, nitrogen bubbles were detected after simulated dives. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) was used to detect venous bubbles in right-sided heart chambers; TTE and TCD were used to detect arterial bubbles. The right-to-left shunt was rated as non-significant (value of TCD was 100%, positive predictive value was 92%. Screening was performed in a total of 329 divers, PFO was detected in 85 (25%), significant R-L shunt in 45 (14%). In simulated dive to 50 m maximum depth, venous nitrogen bubbles were detected in 7/8 (88%) divers. In 6/8 (75%) divers, paradoxical embolization was confirmed - nitrogen bubbles were detected in the systemic circulation.Conclusion: PFO prevalence with significant R-L shunt was 14% in the non-selected population of Czech divers. Simulated dives indicate that PFO represents a risk factor for paradoxical embolization of gas bubbles. TCD is a suitable screening method for the detection of PFO and the evaluation of R-L shunt significance. These results are indicative of a possible high risk of paradoxical embolization of gas bubbles and the trombogenic substance in patients with a larger PFO and significant R-L shunt undergoing foam sclerotization of varicose veins. Key words: patent foramen ovale - foam sclerotization. PMID:23078256

...Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 110, Tire selection and rims and motor home/ recreation vehicle trailer load carrying capacity information for motor vehicles with a GVWR of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. BMW has...

...Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 110, Tire selection and rims and motor home/recreation vehicle trailer load carrying capacity information for motor vehicles with a GVWR of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. BMW filed...

...Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 120, Tire selection and rims and motor home/recreation vehicle trailer load carrying capacity information for motor vehicles with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds)....

Black opaque hydrocarbon rims about 0.05 mm thick are preserved around detrital monazite grains in Permian-Triassic arenites of the norther Perth Basin, Western Australia. Chromatographic analysis indicates derivation from oil chemically like that elsewhere in the sequence, and the rims seem to be remnants of oil, which was largely flushed away. The hydrocarbon rims may have adhered to the monazite grains because of irradiation; they are not found on other grains. Monazite-rich heavy mineral bands are probably responsible for abnormally high radioactivity recorded locally by gamma-ray logs in wells penetrating the sandstones. A preliminary search has revealed similar rims around monazite in other Western Australian arenites ranging in age from Silurian to Cretaceous. Thin-section examination of heavy mineral concentrations may therefore be a useful, simple technique to indicate the former presence of hydrocarbons in dry arenites.

The annual "Roll Up the Rim to Win" contest at Tim Hortons restaurants provides customers the opportunity to win prizes. This study investigated win ratios, prize types and patterns of coffee consumption. PMID:22159361

The annual “Roll Up the Rim to Win” contest at Tim Hortons restaurants provides customers the opportunity to win prizes. This study investigated win ratios, prize types and patterns of coffee consumption.

Apollo Panoramic Camera PhotographpEach of the last three (J-Mission) ... that often extended from terminator to terminator, variations in lighting can ..... rim, which rightly should be considered as much of a hazard as the crater's interior. The ...

... mid-face restoration be one that is also cosmetic and we don’t like to see any ... need to consider here are particularly, from a cosmetic standpoint, the orbital rim is preserved. [Clears throat.] ...

The nanophase magnetite crystals in the black rims of pancake-shaped carbonate ... decomposition of Fe-rich carbonate in the presence of pyrite. ... Pyrrhotite has been identified as a sulfide mineral in ALH84001 carbonate globules; and ...

The reserpine-induced myalgia (RIM) rat manifests fibromyalgia-like chronic pain symptoms. The present study explored the pathophysiology underlying the pain symptoms in the RIM rat and the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat, an animal model of neuropathic pain as a reference. Nerve tissue samples were collected from the nociception-tested animals for pathological examinations. Additionally, the therapeutic efficacy of a sodium channel blocker mexiletine was assessed in both rats. A slight vacuolization in the substantia nigra (SN) occurred in some of the RIM rats without any other histopathological changes in the brain or peripheral neurons. All the RIM rats, with or without vacuolization, showed hypersensitivity to tactile, muscle pressure, and cold stimuli. In the CCI rat, neurodegen...

In polymetamorphic pelites of the Rappold complex in the W?lz crystalline basement (Eastern Alps) reaction rim garnets at staurolite-quartz interfaces (type I) and single grain garnets along previous staurolite-white mica interfaces (type II) were formed. The garnet reaction rims were formed during the Cretaceous amphibolite facies metamorphic overprint of the pre-existing mineral assemblages comprising garnet, staurolite, and kyanite from an amphibolite facies metamorphic event probably of Variscian age. The newly formed garnet may take the form of reaction rims along the margins of large pre-existing staurolite blasts. The initial growth increments of garnet have low grossular content, and reaction rim growth was controlled by the transfer of Fe, Mg and Mn components from the staurolite-...

temperature distributions i n passages where gas temperatures are meas- ... Relation of Nozzle-Blade and Turbine-Bucket Tempera- tures to ... Blade External Water-Spray Cooling ... for Rim Cooling the Turbine Wheel of a TurboJet Engine.

Use of the rim-fit technique in revision acetabular surgery was reviewed for 20 hips in 18 patients. Defects at revision surgery included isolated medial segmental and global cavitary deficiencies with largely intact peripheral rim. A cementless acetabular component is placed to achieve a press-fit against the bony acetabular rim after morselized allograft and/or autograft was placed behind the cup. The average follow-up period was 68.3 months (5.7 years) (range, 27-112 months). Cup migration was assessed using digital radiography. Average vertical migration was 1.02 mm superiorly, and average horizontal migration was 0.8 mm medially. The abduction angle changed on average by 0.25 degrees. Use of the rim-fit technique for treatment of cavitary acetabular defects is associated with component stability and minimal component migration. PMID:19056229

CHILI, a new RIMS instrument, presently under construction at the University of Chicago, will achieve unprecedented sensitivity and lateral resolution. It will be applied to the analysis of samples from the Stardust mission and presolar dust.

being measured was designed I to achieve a ... the design. These power supplies as well as the rim support structure ...... a rigorous catenary design analysis. ..... profiles for Kapton and Tedlar. The tabulated results below the plots include ...

wheel and rail profiles, motors and gears, brakes, overhead power catenary and pantographs. ... and maintenance costs are the controlling factors that limit the design speed for wheel-on-rail .... as well as in the Pacific rim. (_ chart: Potential ...

Calculations are performed to gauge the effect of the convolution of atomic spectral characteristics with laser sources upon isotope ratio measurements by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS). Comparison with experimental data is included. 7 refs., 3 figs.

An innovative inlet total-pressure distortion measurement rake has been designed and .... as the rim. The load-bearing structure isa welded steel unit that joins the rake bodies ... allows the installation of the sensor and lead-out tubes. The rake ...

chemical analyses of physically separated metal and silicate fractions ... mineral phases considered by Brett probably do not occur in the . deep mantle ( Ringwood ... rapidly quenched fresh glass rims of young oceanic tholeiite pillows on the ...

Single Event Effects (SEE)-Immune Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate ... Space Radiation affects all ..... 45 rim High-k metal gate process technology .... of Radiation Hardened Nonvolatile Memory (Ferroelectric(FRAM), Chalcogenide, ...

Oct 6, 1971 ... Afar margin, are marine sandstones and limestones of the Mesozoic and ..... basement grain in the Afar margin crust would effect such an anisotropy, ..... Several east-west tight monoclines occur at the eastern rim of the ...

...pierced shell, 3 projectile points, 2 ceramic vessels, 1 rim sherd, 1 shell bead, 8 shell fragments, 7 ceramic sherds, 1 shell tinkler, 3 turquoise...cradleboards, 1 basketry tump strap, 3 ceramic bowls, 1 gourd bottle, 1 gourd...

diameter each, were drilled through the disk half-way in the rim. The holes ... discharge machining (EDM) process. The notch region ..... using Micro CT Image Based Finite Element Modeling,” Proceedings the 11th SPIE's Annual. International ...

imaging camera (300-500 nm, 500-1000 rim), and a UV spcxxromctcr (160 spectral .... a short fbcal length system providing good image quality over the 256 by 256 .... and Input/Output (ICIO) module have been implemented in a CMOS gate ...

Feb 1, 2004 ... compliance with the cord extension restrictions. The iRED cords ..... increased load was likely due to mechanical friction of the flex pack rims rubbing against the inner surface ... The Velcro on the hand attachment sometimes ...

Aluminum was detected in reaction-bonded boron carbide that had been prepared by pressureless infiltration of boron carbide preforms with molten silicon in a graphite furnace under vacuum. The presence of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the heated zone, even though not in contact with the boron carbide preform, stands behind the presence of aluminium in the rim region that interconnects the initial boron carbide particles. The composition of the rim corresponds to the B{sub x}(C,Si,Al){sub y} quaternary carbide phase. The reaction of alumina with graphite and the formation of a gaseous aluminum suboxide (Al{sub 2}O) accounts for the transfer of aluminum in the melt and, subsequently in the rim regions. The presence of Al increases the solubility of boron in liquid silicon, but with increasing aluminum content the activity of boron decreases. These features dominate the structural evolution of the rim-core in the presence of aluminum in the melt.

It has been observed that microstructure changes occur at the radial edge of pellet(rim) of the fuel at a high burn-up and extended fuel cycle. The thickness of a rim is some hundreds of micrometers. Despite its narrow range, a rim would affect the behaviour of nuclear fuel. To determine lattice parameter with micro-XRD at intervals as small as 30 - 50 {mu}m in radial direction of irradiated fuel samples, a radiation shielded micro-XRD system was designed and fabricated. This report describes the concept, shielding analysis, the structural design and the fabrication of a radiation shielded glove box for micro-XRD system. This radiation shielded micro-XRD system will be used for analysis of lattice parameter change and the phase distribution at intervals as small as 30 - 50 {mu}m in radial direction of the rim of an irradiated fuel sample and a fuel cladding.

A family with periapical cemental dysplasia is reported. The affected individuals displayed classical features of periapical cemental dysplasia on radiographic examination. The lesions consisted chiefly of radiolucent areas; however, some had central areas of radiodensity. Histopathological examination of one of the lesions revealed fibrous elements containing fused dense sclerotic cemental masses. Familial incidence of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia with an autosomal mode of inheritance has been reported previously. The condition described in this report appears to be different. However, the two conditions may be part of a spectrum occurring in a single genetic entity with the diversity possibly resulting from variable expressivity of a single gene. PMID:8236819

Linear scleroderma "en coup de sabre" (LSCS) is a form of localized scleroderma presents as band-like sclerotic lesions of the frontoparietal area. It has been reported in association with diverse neurological manifestations like seizures, migraine, neuromyotonia, dystonia and abnormalities in MRI and CT studies as cerebral atrophy, white matter lesions, intraparenchymal calcification, meningeocortical alterations, and skull atrophy. We describe a patient with LSCS associated with two abnormal movements: permanent myokimia of right masseter muscle and recurrent spasmodic retraction of right cigomatic and depressor labii inferioris muscles. He was initially treated with methotrexate and steroids without response, so later on he underwent repeated Botox injections with remarkable improvement. PMID:22924048

Four specimens of a microphallid trematode were recovered from the small intestine of a cat from Nakhon Nayok, Central Thailand. The worm is assigned under the genus Microphalloides with new species name vajrasthirae in honour of Professor S. vajrasthira who provided the specimens for this study. This species is the third species in Microphalloides, and differs from other two species, japonicus and australiensis by having (i). genital sac armed with two sclerotized bars, (ii). highly branched V-shaped excretory bladder, (iii). small seminal receptacle, (iv). uterus-extended to the anterior half of the body. PMID:6635765

Objectives: To describe middle ear ventilation route blockage, relieved during middle ear endoscopic surgery, and to analyze its association with mastoid hypopneumatization/sclerotization. Study design: Prospective case series with intraoperative analyses, and with a case-control computed tomographic scan comparison. Methods: Intraoperative findings during endoscopic middle ear surgery are described. Patients with middle ear ventilation route blockage were included in the study group (22 patients), while patients without middle ear ventilation route blockage were included in the control group (16 patients). An intra-patient and inter-group comparison of evaluated mastoid pneumatization was performed from the preoperative computed tomographic scans. Results: Middle ear ventilation route blo...

Hard structures of helminths have often been used for taxonomic identification but are usually not clearly defined when treated with conventional methods such as ammonium picrate-glycerin for monogeneans and glycerin for nematodes. The present study reports a rapid and simple technique to better resolve the hard parts of selected monogeneans and nematodes using 5-10% alkaline sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In comparison with established methods, SDS-treated worms become more transparent. In monogeneans treated with SDS, clear details of the hooks, hook filaments, anchors, bars and the sclerotized copulatory organs could be observed. In SDS-treated nematodes, spicules and ornamentations of the buccal capsules could be clearly seen. PMID:16469180

In a search for Strongyloides stercoralis juveniles, a population of Halicephalobus laticauda sp. n. was found in a water pit at 630 m below sea level in the coal mine of Winterslag. H. laticauda sp. n. differs from other Halicephalobus species by the broad tail with sclerotization at the tip and probably also by head and stoma structure. The detailed description is accompanied by drawings and scanning electron micrographs. The variation of several characters used in Halicephalobus identification is discussed for the described species. A key to the species is given. 11 refs., 1 fig.

Acolpenceron australe sp. n. (Dactylogyridae, Dactylogyrinae) is described from ureters and renal tubules of Percichthys trucha (Cuvier et Valenciennes) (Perciformes, Percichthyidae) from Andean Patagonian lakes. The new species has a haptor with 14 hooks, with shanks comprised of two subunits. It has overlapped intercaecal gonads, male copulatory organ as a sclerotized tube with one counterclockwise coil and a J-shaped accessory piece. It differs from the other species of Acolpenteron by having a non-forked accessory piece. This is the first monogenean species described from a percichthyid host in South America. PMID:14560970

We describe an atypical MRI appearance of multiple sclerosis (MS). Lesions characterized on T2-weighted images by a well-defined rim of increased signal intensity and a concentric region of higher signal intensity were seen in 6 of 132 patients with MS. On T1-weighted images these lesions were evident as regions of low signal intensity, often with a rim of contrast enhancement or increased signal intensity. These appearances tended to be shown by new, evolving lesions. (orig.)

Testis scintigraphy is the most reliable modality in the diagnosis of testis torsion since it directly reflects the vascularity of the testis. The 'rim sign' is considered as the pathognomonic sign of the missed torsion. However, there are some possible false-positive cases. In this case report, we would like to present an unexpected false-positive cause of the 'rim sign' in testis scintigraphy in an 18-year-old male patient. PMID:22987904

Spinal paragonimiasis is a rare form of ectopic infestation caused by Paragonimus westermani. We report a case of pathologically proven intradural paragonimiasis associated with concurrent intracranial involvement. MRI revealed multiple well-defined intradural masses that were markedly hypointense on T(2) weighted images and hypointense with a peripheral hyperintense rim on T(1) weighted images. Contrast-enhanced T(1) weighted images showed slight peripheral rim enhancement. PMID:21415296

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of self-assembling calix[4]arene based capsules 1a.1a and 1b.1b are described. These compounds feature four urea substituents at the upper rims and four secondary amide fragments at the lower rims that can participate in inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in apolar solution. Communication between the calixarene rims in 1a, b influences the self-assembled cavity's size and shape. Specifically. dimerization results in a perfect cone conformation of the calixarene skeleton in 1a, b and stabilizes a seam of intramolecular amide C=O...H-N hydrogen bonds at the lower rim. This seam is cycloenantiomeric, with either clockwise or counterclockwise arrangements of the head-to-tail amides. Complexation of Na+-cation breaks hydrogen bonds at the lower rim but maintains the capsular assembly. Encapsulation properties of 1a.1a and 1b.1b were studied in nonpolar solvents and their binary mixtures as well as through heterodimerization experiments. The presence of amide groups at the lower rim causes notable differences in the capsule's binding affinities when compared to the corresponding tetraester capsules 1c.1c and 1d.1d. In the monomeric state calixarenes 1a, b are in a pinched cone conformation. The solid state X-ray crystallographic studies with monomeric 1a reveal only two intramolecular C=O...H-N hydrogen bonds between the adjacent amides at the lower rim, and an extensive network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between urea groups at the upper rim. PMID:11073250

... is the most dense and strong around age 30. After age 30, the body starts removing more old bone than ... not have enough strong bone mass by age 30 before bone loss begins. Skeletal System • If bone ...

Cancer that starts in a bone is rare. Cancer that has spread to the bone from another ... more common. There are three types of bone cancer: Osteosarcoma - develops in growing bones, usually between ages ...

... bone is the most dense and strong around age 30. After age 30, the body starts removing more old bone ... does not have enough strong bone mass by age 30 before bone loss begins. Skeletal System • If ...

Klinge & Co. was commissioned by ACARP (Australian Coal Association Research Project) to carry out a comprehensive review of 'off the road' (OTR) tyre and rim incidents and accidents in Australia, to identify the key hazards and to provide recommendations to make work with tyres and rims safer. The review is summarized here. It was based on ICAM methodology and covered 83 incident and accident reports. The analysis flagged a number of unsafe acts and conditions that must be controlled to effectively guard against the considerable hazard potential presented by working with tyres and rims. Additional industry wide, organisational and departmental safeguards such as recognised training and hardware oriented protocols e.g. NDT regimes must be put in place and managed as a high priority to create highest levels of competency and provide the necessary rigour and support to systematically control tyre and rim maintenance hazards. The most effective and most reliable safety improvements however can only be achieved by rim and tyre/rim handling equipment manufacturers actively seeking intrinsically safer designs. 2 figs., 3 photos.

Bone scintigraphy and densitometry (iodine-125 photon absorptiometry) were performed in eight patients with symptomatic haemodialysis bone disease. The bone scintiscan showed either hot spots or hyperactivity as a feature of metabolic bone disease. The bone density (BMC/W) was reduced, but could not be distinguished from the degree of demineralisation found in asymptomatic patients on longterm haemodialysis. Therefore, bone density measurements require critical interpretation. Complementary bone scintigraphy should be used in symptomatic haemodialysis bone disease for assessing the extent of the disease.

Background: We recently demonstrated that the vitamin A derivative etretinate was clinically effective in the treatment of skin disorders in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the oral treatment with etretinate improves sclerosis in bleomycin (BLM)-induced sclerotic skin mice. Methods: BLM-induced sclerotic skin mice were treated orally with 10 mg/kg etretinate for 1 to 28 days. One control group received only the vehicle, 50 ?l peanut oil, while another group received no agents. BLM-treated skin was removed and dermal thickness was measured histologically. Histopathological observation and TUNEL assay were also studied. Messenger RNA (mRNA) ratios for procollagen ? 1 (I) chain to ? actin from etretinate-treated and control mice were quantified at 1, 6, 14, and 28 days post-treatment, using quantitative RT-PCRs. Results: There was a significant decrease in mean dermal thickness (P P P Conclusions: Etretinate improved BLM-induced scleroderma. These results suggest that etretinate can be applied to the treatment of SSc skin disorders.   

We determined the relationship between composition and mechanical properties of elytra (modified forewings that are composed primarily of highly sclerotized dorsal and less sclerotized ventral cuticles) from the beetles Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) and Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). Elytra of both species have similar mechanical properties at comparable stages of maturation (tanning). Shortly after adult eclosion, the elytron of Tenebrio is ductile and soft with a Young's modulus (E) of 44 ± 8 MPa, but it becomes brittle and stiff with an E of 2400 ± 1100 MPa when fully tanned. With increasing tanning, dynamic elastic moduli (E') increase nearly 20-fold, whereas the frequency dependence of E' diminishes. These results support the hypothesis that cuticle tanning involves cross-linking of components, while drying to minimize plasticization has a lesser impact on cuticular stiffening and frequency dependence. Suppression of the tanning enzymes laccase-2 (TcLac2) or aspartate 1-decarboxylase (TcADC) in Tribolium altered mechanical characteristics consistent with hypotheses that (1) ADC suppression favors formation of melanic pigment with a decrease in protein cross-linking and (2) Lac2 suppression reduces both cuticular pigmentation and protein cross-linking. PMID:21189044

Frequent convergent evolution in phylogenetically unrelated taxa points to the importance of ecological factors during evolution, whereas convergent evolution in closely related taxa indicates the importance of favourable pre-existing characters (pre-adaptations). We investigated the transitions to arboreal life in oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari), a group of mostly soil-living arthropods. We evaluated which general force-ecological factors, historical constraints or chance-was dominant in the evolution of arboreal life in oribatid mites. A phylogenetic study of 51 oribatid mite species and four outgroup taxa, using the ribosomal 18S rDNA region, indicates that arboreal life evolved at least 15 times independently. Arboreal oribatid mite species are not randomly distributed in the phylogenetic tree, but are concentrated among strongly sclerotized, sexual and evolutionary younger taxa. They convergently evolved a capitate sensillus, an anemoreceptor that either precludes overstimulation in the exposed bark habitat or functions as a gravity receptor. Sexual reproduction and strong sclerotization were important pre-adaptations for colonizing the bark of trees that facilitated the exploitation of living resources (e.g. lichens) and served as predator defence, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that ecological factors are most important for the observed pattern of convergent evolution of arboreal life in oribatid mites, supporting an adaptationist view of evolution. PMID:19535377

Oxidative stress, lifestyle and atherosclerosis in the general population. A population-based, cross-sectional study was made of 282 people (126 men and 156 women, mean age; 6513, mean BMI; 25.42.7 kg/m2) recruited from the Mima study in Tokushima Prefecture. Risk factors included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, systolic and diastolic pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Oxidative stress in blood samples was measured by the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) test. The degree of sclerotic change was determined from fundus photographs according to Scheie's classification. After adjustment for age and sex, ROM levels positively correlated with hs-CRP levels, but not with ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels. Furthermore, ROM and hs-CRP levels positively and individually correlated with the grade of sclerotic change in the fundus oculi independent of age in a multiple regression analysis. These results suggest that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation promote atherosclerosis in the retinal arteries in the general population.   

Osteoporosis is an important age-related bone disease characterized by increased bone turnover with insufficient bone formation relative to bone resorption. According to the current understanding of this disorder, anti-resorptive and anabolic drugs have been developed for therapeutic intervention. Another therapeutic approach consists of dissociating bone resorption and formation. Preclinical and clinical studies provided evidence that strontium (in the form of ranelate) induces beneficial effects on bone mass and resistance in animal models of bone loss and in osteoporotic patients. These effects are mediated in part by the pharmacological actions of strontium on bone metabolism, by reducing bone resorption and maintaining or increasing bone formation. Current pharmacological studies show...

Polyurethane-urea (PUU) RIM are crosslinked materials, which cannot be reprocessed or recycled by using the conventional process. The chemical decrosslinking reaction or transesterification of themosetting polyurethanes by using various inorganic and organic catalysts were investigated. The recycling of waste PUU RIM materials (unpainted, painted and filler reinforced) through decrosslinking (transesterification) using low molecular weight glycols in presence of catalyst was evaluated. It was established that the transestification of PUU RIM can be carried out at the low glycol (EG)/RIM ratio (15/84.5) and that the usual recovery step for the excess glycol (EG) can be avoided resulting in an economical process. The process was scaled up in a 50 gallon reactor at the LymTal International Inc. successfully. It was established that the products from the decrosslinking of PUU RIM are a mixture of the liquid oligomers (LOs) containing urethane, OH and NH{sub 2} groups. These functional groups in LOs exhibit many potential applications as raw materials in the preparation of RIM coatings, adhesives, foams, sealants and composites. PUU RIM made from LOs exhibited promising and interesting results. Both solvent-based and waterborne urethane coatings could be made from LOs. Urethane adhesives made from LOs showed improvement of properties with increasing amounts of LOs. Structural adhesives based on epoxy and LOs were prepared and the effects of equivalent ratios and curing conditions on the adhesive strength of the epoxy/LO adhesives were investigated. Solvent-free coating based on epoxy and LOs was prepared and their properties were determined. Both wood fiber and glass fabric reinforced composites were prepared by using epoxy and LOs and they exhibited interesting properties for different potential applications.

The aims of this report were to analyze the cases of lateral brow incision and 1-point fixation and to introduce the criteria for application of this selective approach.Among 70 patients with tripod fractures, 14 patients (20%) underwent 1-point fixation technique through lateral brow incisions. Preoperative and postoperative displacements of the infraorbital rim were radiologically measured.Of these patients, 7 cases (50%) were type III, 6 cases (43%) were type IV, and 1 case (7%) was type V according to the Knight and North classification. Simple fracture of the infraorbital rim was seen in 10 patients (71%), and comminuted fracture was seen in 4 patients (29%). In 11 patients, zygomaticofrontal sutures were fixed with square microplates with 4 holes and 0.5 mm in thickness, and straight miniplates with 4 holes and 1.0 mm in thickness were used in 3 patients. Of 14 tripod fractures, 6 (43%) were associated with floor fractures. Seven had displacement of the infraorbital rim (range, 2.0-7.6 mm; mean, 4.6 +/- 0.8 mm), and the other 7 had no displacement of the infraorbital rim. After surgery, step deformities of the infraorbital rims were improved (range, 0.1-3.8 mm; mean, 1.4 +/- 0.5 mm). All 14 patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance.Indications for using 1-point fixation of the tripod fracture are (1) minimal or moderate displacement of the infraorbital rim in the tripod fracture of the zygoma, (2) no ocular signs of diplopia or enophthalmos, and (3) comminuted infraorbital rim fractures where internal fixation is difficult. PMID:20613560

Femoral shaft fractures with large bone loss that are managed with indirect reduction and internal fixation may result in nonunion and remaining bone defects necessitating bone grafting. A 35-year-old male who sustained femoral shaft open fracture with large bone loss was treated using with the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique. Heterotopic bone began to appear 6?weeks postoperatively around the fracture site near bone defect area. This heterotopic bone was used to treat femoral shaft bone defect as autogenous bone graft. The proper timing of heterotopic bone removal to avoid recurrence remains controversial. It has not been reported whether heterotopic bone can be used as autogenous bone graft material to treat bone defect. We describe a simple method to treat large bone d...

Curettage and bone grafting are the accepted methods of treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts. Unfortunately, recurrence is common. We treated a patient with atypical aneurysmal bone cyst of the head of the humerus that lacked aneurysmal dilatation by arthroscopic curettage without bone grafting. New bone formation and remodeling was observed in this patient. There was no evidence of recurrence. Arthroscopic curettage without bone grafting is a simple and effective treatment for aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID:18004576

Abstract in portuguese O pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, é um teleósteo da Família Characidae, intensivamente cultivado no Brasil devido sua rusticidade, crescimento rápido e fácil adaptação. O conhecimento morfológico dos sistemas corpóreos, incluído órgãos linfóide, se faz necessário, para uma melhor produção no cultivo de peixes, fornecendo subsídios na manutenção dos estoques. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever morfologicamente o rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopot (more) amicus, analisando os perfis celulares de cada órgão com o uso de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O resultado da análise macroscópica mostrou que a localização do rim e rim cefálico são as mesmas encontradas na maioria dos teleósteos. O rim apresentou uma forma em "H", onde a região média se expandia sobre a bexiga natatória. O rim cefálico se apresentou como uma dilatação na região cranial do rim, mostrando-se bem visível. Na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão também foram observadas similaridades ultraestruturais com outros teleósteos. Observando nossos resultados concluímos que histologicamente e ultraestruturalmente, os órgãos linfóides rim e rim cefálico de Piaractus mesopotamicus são similares aos de outros teleósteos. Abstract in english The Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, is a teleostei of the Characidae family, intensively cultivated in Brazil due to its rusticity, fast growth and easy adaptation. Morphological knowledge of the body systems including the lymphoid organs is necessary to improve fish production and supply subsidies for the maintenance of stocks. This study aimed to describe morphologically kidney and head kidney of Piaractus mesopotamicus, analyzing the cellular profile of each organ with (more) the use of light microscopy and electronic transmission microscopy. The result of the macroscopic analysis showed that the localization of the kidney and head kidney is the same as found in the majority of the teleostei. The kidney presented a form in "H", where the medium region is expanded on the natatorium bladder. The head kidney presented a dilatation in the cranial region of the kidney. In the transmission electronic microscopy we found ultrastructural similarities with other teleostei fish. It can be concluded that the lymphoid organs (kidney and head kidney) of Piaractus mesopotamicus are histologically and ultra-structurally similar to the other teleostei.

The surgical treatment of recurrent posterior shoulder instability via a posterior approach has had a variable degree of success reported in the literature with recurrence rates ranging between 8% and 45%. The purpose of this study was to review the results of posterior capsulorrhaphy in a consecutive series of patients with recurrent posterior instability. Seventeen consecutive patients underwent operative management for posterior glenohumeral instability. The dominant shoulder was involved in ten patients. All patients were male with an average age of 28.1 years (range: 16 to 54 years). Ten patients had sustained a specific injury which precipitated the instability. Six patients reported dislocations requiring formal closed reduction maneuvers; the remainder described episodes of recurrent subluxation with spontaneous reduction. All patients underwent a posterior capsulorrhaphy using an infraspinatus splitting approach. Eight shoulders required repair of a posterior capsulolabral detachment. In addition, one patient required augmentation with a posterior bone block for significant glenoid rim deficiency. Outcome was assessed by personal interview, clinical assessment, and standardized radiographs. At an average follow-up of 3.9 years (range: 1.8 to 10.8 years) patients estimated their overall shoulder function to be 81% of the contralateral unaffected shoulder. The subjective result was excellent for eight patients, good for five patients, fair in two patients, and poor in two patients. One of the poor outcomes was in a patient with glenohumeral degenerative changes at the index procedure which progressed and eventually required a total shoulder arthroplasty. The other poor result was in a patient found to have a full-thickness rotator cuff tear 10.6 years after the index procedure. Two patients (12%) had recurrence of their instability. Both of these patients sustained a significant re-injury which precipitated their symptoms. Five patients complained of occasional night pain at the time of their last follow-up examination. Only one patient (who was re-injured) had to change professions as a result of shoulder symptoms. Posterior capsulorrhaphy for treatment of isolated posterior glenohumeral instability yields satisfactory clinical results. Recurrent instability in this series was associated with a specific re-injury and did not appear to increase with longer follow-up. PMID:16536210

Abstract in portuguese Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e anatomopatológicos da leucemia eritroide aguda (LMA M6) foram estudados em 10 gatos que morreram em consequência dessa condição. Os resultados obtidos diferem daqueles previamente descritos na literatura nos seguintes aspectos: 1) a doença ocorreu na forma de um modelo bimodal relacionado à idade dos gatos afetados, em que 50% tinham 1-3 anos de idade e 50% tinham 10 anos de idade ou mais; 2) quase todos os g (more) atos afetados (87,5%) demonstravam policromasia, possivelmente decorrente de eritropoese extramedular; 3) em todos os casos havia múltiplos focos de células hematopoéticas, principalmente eritropoeticas, em múltiplos órgãos, que incluíam baço (85,7%), linfonodos (71,4%), fígado (57,1%) e rim (28,6%); 4) em alguns casos (28,6%) esses focos podiam ser vistos macroscopicamente, na forma de metástases, mas sempre diferiam histologicamente da medula óssea quanto à proporção dos precursores eritroides envolvidos; 5) em pelo menos um caso ocorreu um continuum patologicum até outra forma de LMA (LMA M4), um fenômeno denominado "infidelidade de linhagem". Esse artigo discute essas diferenças e reforça os critérios fundamentais para se estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo dessa que é a forma mais importante de leucemia em gatos na nossa região. Abstract in english The epidemiological, clinical, hematological, and pathological aspects of acute erythroid leukemia (LMA M6) were studied in 10 cats that died from this condition. The results obtained in the present study differ from those previously described in the literature regarding the following aspects: 1) The disease occurred as a bimodal model related to the age of affected cats, in which 50% were1-3-years-old and 50% were 10 years-old or above; 2) almost all affected cats (87.5% (more) ) displayed polychromasia, possible resulting from extramedullar erythropoiesis; 3) in all cases there were multiple foci of hematopoietic cells, mainly erythropoietic, in multiple organs including spleen (85.7%), lymph nodes (71.4%), liver (57.1%), and kidney (28.6%); 4) in some cases (28.6%) these foci could be observed on gross examination as metastasis, but they always histologically differ from bone marrow in regard to the proportion of erythroid precursors involved; 5) at least in one case a continuum patologicum occurred with the condition evolving to another form of LMA (LMA M4), a phenomenon coined as "lineage infidelity". This paper discuss these differences and stresses the fundamental criteria to establish a definitive diagnosis of this condition, which is the most import form of leukemia in cats from our region.

The magmatic and metamorphic zircons were investigated with Raman spectrum microprobe analysis. We found notable differences between these two kinds of zircons exhibited by the variation trend of Raman peak intensity from core to rim of a crystal. In magmatic zircons, the intensity and the ratio H/W of Raman spectrum peaks gradually decrease from core to rim of a crystal, which is produced by an increase in metamictization degree and suggests an increase in U and Th concentrations from core to rim. In metamorphic zircons, there are two kinds of crystals according to their Raman spectra: the first group of zircons exhibits a variation trend opposite to those of magmatic zircons, tending to increase in the Raman peak intensity and H/W value from core to rim of a crystal, which is produced by a decrease in metamictization degree and indicates a decrease of U and Th concentrations from core to rim of a crystal. The second group of zircons exhibits no change in Raman peak intensity and H/W value through a crystal....

A portable basketball rim rebound testing device 10 is illustrated in two preferred embodiments for testing the rebound or energy absorption characteristics of a basketball rim 12 and its accompanying support to determine likely rebound or energy absorption charcteristics of the system. The apparatus 10 includes a depending frame 28 having a C-clamp 36 for releasably rigidly connecting the frame to the basketball rim 12. A glide weight 60 is mounted on a guide rod 52 permitting the weight 60 to be dropped against a calibrated spring 56 held on an abutment surface on the rod to generate for deflecting the basketball rim and then rebounding the weight upwardly. A photosensor 66 is mounted on the depending frame 28 to sense passage of reflective surfaces 75 on the weight to thereby obtain sufficient data to enable a processing means 26 to calculate the rebound velocity and relate it to an energy absorption percentage rate of the rim system 12. A readout is provided to display the energy absorption percentage.

Squeeze flow between parallel plates of a purely viscous material is considered for small gaps both for a Newtonian and power law fluid with partial wall slip. The results for the squeeze force as a function of the squeezing speed reduce to the Stefan and Scott equations in the no slip limit, respectively. The slip velocity at the plate increases linearly with the radius up to the rim slip velocity upsilon(s). For small Saps H, the resulting apparent Newtonian rim shear rate-measured for a constant rim shear stress, i.e. an imposed force increasing proportional to 1/H-yields a straight line if plotted versus 1/H. The slope of the straight line is equal to 6 upsilon(s) whereas the intersect with the ordinate yields the effective Newtonian rim shear rate to be converted into the true rim shear rate by means of the power law exponent. The advantage of the new technique is the separation of bulk shear and wall slip from a single test. A more general derivation for the Newtonian case being also valid for full lubrication and large gaps is used to explain the gap dependence of the squeeze modulus of an elastic material.

Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced breast, prostate and lung cancer. Tumor cells co-opt bone cells to drive a feed-forward cycle which disrupts normal bone remodeling to result in abnormal bone destruction or formation and tumor growth in bone. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-?) is a major bone-derived factor, which contributes to this vicious cycle of bone metastasis. TGF-? released from bone matrix during osteoclastic resorption stimulates tumor cells to produce osteolytic factors further increasing bone resorption adjacent to the tumor cells. TGF-? also regulates 1) key components of the metastatic cascade such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and immunosuppression as well as 2) normal bone remodeling and coupling of bone resorption and formation. Preclinical models demonstrate that blockade of TGF-? signaling is effective to treat and prevent bone metastases as well as to increase bone mass. PMID:20699127

... weaken bones, causing pain and sometimes fractures. Bone pain can make it difficult for patients to move. When bones become damaged, calcium is ... to determine the cause of symptoms. If a patient has bone pain, x-rays can show whether any bones are ...

Experimental set-up of the wave propagation test using a long bone, the waveforms ... obtained using wet bones in vitro or in vivo were si nificantly weaker than signals from ... The silastic was then removed and the bones were joined by acrylic bone cement, simulating the final stages of bone healing and the stress waves ...

Abstract in spanish En este trabajo son analizados los factores que controlaron la concentración de restos de vertebrados en niveles estratigráficos del Miembro Cerro Castaño de la Formación Cerro Barcino. (Cenomaniano). El hallazgo de vertebrados se limita a bancos de areniscas guijarrosas correspondientes a canales fluviales de geometría tabular y bases no erosivas. Los depósitos asociados de planicies de inundación, y otros tipos de canales intercalados en la secuencia, no han prov (more) isto hasta la fecha restos paleontológicos de interés. Con el objeto de analizar el origen de la concentración de los restos de vertebrados, la secuencia fue dividida en seis facies sedimentarias que incluyen depósitos de canal (CHmt, CHsl y CHsw) y de planicie de inundación (Pd, Pp y Pc). Los canales del tipo CHmt resultan multiepisódicos, de geometría tabular y son los que muestran la concentración de restos óseos aquí analizados. Los del tipo CHsl aparecen como canales de relleno simple (mono o biepisódicos), de geometría lentiforme o lenticular y base ligeramente erosiva. Finalmente, los del tipo CHsw son monoepisódicos, fuertemente lenticulares y confinados. En lo que respecta a las planicies de inundación, incluyen depósitos de desbordes fluviales Pd (areniscas limosas macizas), horizontes de paleosuelos Pp (arcilitas y limolitas con frecuentes pedotúbulos) y niveles de caída Pc (chonitas y tobas vítreas). La secuencia aquí considerada fue depositada por cursos fluviales fuertemente condicionados por la eruptividad, pudiéndose reconocer tres tipos principales: 1) sineruptivos, 2) posteruptivos tempranos y 3) posteruptivos tardíos. Los primeros incluyen a canales del tipo CHsl, asociados a facies de desborde (Pd) y depósitos de caída (Pc). En los segundos la red fluvial incidió fuertemente las facies sineruptivas, formando canales del tipo CHsw asociados a terrazas y planicies con paleosuelos (Pp). Finalmente, los períodos posteruptivos tardíos están registrados en canales del tipo CHmt (que contienen a los restos óseos aquí estudiados), los que pasan lateralmente a depósitos de desborde (Pd) y niveles edáficos (Pp). La información aquí reunida lleva a suponer que la concentración de vertebrados en los canales del tipo CHmt fue consecuencia tanto de factores depositacionales (ambientales) como postdepositacionales (diagenéticos). Desde el punto de vista ambiental, el sistema fluvial posteruptivo tardío es el que habría mostrado las mejores condiciones para la vida. Esto habría llevado a la acumulación de abundantes restos óseos tanto en las planicies como en los canales. Sin embargo, la prolongada exposición subaérea de los huesos en planicies sujetas a una baja tasa de agradación, unida a las transformaciones diagenéticas sufridas por las rocas de grano fino, no favorecieron la preservación de restos de vertebrados en las áreas intercanal. Por el contrario, el más rápido sepultamiento de los restos óseos en los canales, unido a una importante fase de cementación temprana carbonática que bloqueo el sistema diagenético, contribuyó a la preservación y concentración del material óseo en los canales del tipo CHmt. Abstract in english The factors that controlled the differential concentration of vertebrates remains in specific stratigraphic intervals of Cerro Castaño Member are considered in this paper (Fig. 1). The finding of vertebrates is only limited to pebbly sandstone beds that form fluvial channels with non erosive bases and tabular geometry. The closely associated alluvial plains, and other types of channels intercalated in the sequence, have not yielded significant paleontological remains. In (more) order to analyze the origin of the differential concentration of vertebrates, the sequence was divided in six sedimentary facies (Figs. 2 and 4, Table 1), including different kinds of channel (CHmt, CHsl y CHsw) and flood plain (Pd, Pp y Pc) deposits. CHmt facies is composed of cross-bedded sandstones and conglomerates forming tabular multistorey channel complex bounded by non erosive bases (Fig. 4). Sandstones comprise lithoarenites and feldslithoarenites with low matrix percentage (less than 4 %), high quantities of cement (up to 21 %), open fabric, scarce diagenetic alteration and almost absent porosity. Three different types of cements have been distinguished in these rocks: 1) rim-type zeolite cement, 2) poikilitic calcite and 3) microcristalline and poikilitic analcime (Fig. 5d,e). CHsw facies forms simple lenticular channels with erosive bases deeply incised into floodplain deposits (Fig. 4). The lowermost part of each channel shows lenses of intraformational conglomerates covered by massive and cross-bedded medium- and fine-grained sandstones. CHsw facies is dominated by lithoarenites showing moderate to high matrix content (up to 20 %), mainly zeolitic cement and frequent formation of pseudomatrix (Fig. 5f). The last type of channel deposits correspond to CHsl facies that form thin lentiform channels (up to 0.5 m thick) encapsulated into floodplain facies (Fig. 4). These channels comprise coarse-grained sandstones showing low proportions of matrix, relatively open fabric and scarce diagenetic transformations (Fig. 5a,b). Zeolites forming both rim and granular cements predominate (Fig. 6). Pd facies are the coarsest deposits identified in the alluvial plain area. They comprise pyroclastic-rich silty sandstones stratified in centimetric to decimetric massive tabular beds. Frequently, Pd facies occurs either interstratified with vitric tuff belonging to the Pc facies or associated to mudstones and chonites forming paleosoils (Pp facies). The analyzed section of the Cerro Barcino Fm was deposited in different kinds of allociclycally controlled fluvial environments. Even though the area was located rather far away from the volcanic segment, the recurrent ash falls exerted a hard control on sedimentation. Moreover, as the eruptivity was changing throughout time, periods dominated by high amounts of pyroclastic sedimentation can be distinguished from others where ash falls were almost totally absent. Figure 8 shows the three types of fluvial systems recognized in this paper: 1) sineruptive, 2) early posteruptive and 3) late posteruptive. Following this model, it is very likely that during high eruptivity periods large amounts of ash falls had produced rapid agraddation of the alluvial plains. These sineruptive fluvial system would have favored the formation of shallow braided channels (CHsl facies) laterally associated to fine sandstones (Pd facies) and vitric tuffs (Pc facies). When eruptivity ceased, and consequently the pyroclastic input, channels began to evolve towards its equilibrium profile eroding earlier flood plain deposits. This stage is represented in the here named early posteruptive fluvial system (Fig. 8), characterized by deeply incised lenticular channels (CHsw facies) that laterally pass to bioturbated chonites and mudstones (Pp facies). After some time, the fluvial system reached quasi-equilibrium conditions (late posteruptive stage) forming multistorey tabular channels (CHmt) that laterally pinched out into muddy fine sandstones (Pd facies) and bioturbated mudstones (Pp facies). Both depositional (environmental) and postdepositional (diagenetic) factors are likely to have controlled the high concentration of vertebrates in specific stratigraphic levels of the Cerro Barcino Fm. The fact that vertebrate remains only appear in CHmt channels can be explained by the favorable conditions that prevailed during the late posteruptive stage when pyroclastic falls ceased and a flood plain was stabilized (Fig. 9). Moreover the early carbonate cementation affecting channel sandstones closed the diagenetic system and favored bone preservation. On the contrary, early carbonate cementation was not found in the associated alluvial plains deposits; therefore, compactation and chemical diagenesis processes were not inhibited and the transformation-dissolution of bones was favored in these rocks. The lack of vertebrates in syneruptive deposits (only microscopic bones have been found) could be explained as the consequence of recurrent pyroclastic falls that limited the formation of vegetated soils and consequently the number of living vertebrates. Finally, neither environmental nor diagenetic conditions would have been the best for vertebrates preservation during the early posteruptive stage. The extremely low agradational rate of the alluvial plain promoted the chemical, physical and biological alteration of bones. Moreover, early diagenetic cementation has not been identified in this interval; on the contrary, closed fabrics as well as pseudomatrix formation and autigenesis of clay minerals features were frequently found in these sandstones. In conclusion, the high bone concentration in some stratigraphic levels of the Cerro Barcino Fm results from the combination of favorable environmental conditions for life (reached during late posteruptive stage) coupled with early carbonatic cementation that closed the diagenetic system.

Abstract Both manganese and rhenium complexes of the type [M(bipy)(CO)3(N-RIm)]+ (bipy=2,2--bipyridine) undergo deprotonation of the central CH group of the N-alkylimidazole (N-RIm) ligand when treated with a strong base. However, the outcome of the reaction is very different for either metal. For Mn, the addition of the equimolar amount of an acid to the product of the deprotonation affords an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex, whereas for Re, once the deprotonation of the central imidazole CH group has occurred, the bipy ligand undergoes a nucleophilic attack on an ortho carbon, affording the CC coupling product. The extension of these studies to pseudo-octahedral [Mo(3-allyl)(bipy)(CO)2(N-RIm)]+ complexes has allowed us to isolate cationic NHC complexes (MnI-type behavior), as well a...

The mechanical response of high-burnup Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding subjected to a postulated reactivity initiated accident (referred to as a rod ejection accident (REA) in a pressurized water reactor) can be affected by hydrogen embrittlement. This study addresses the hydrogen embrittlement of non-irradiated, stress-relieved Zircaloy-4 cladding under conditions (state of stress and temperature) relevant to those of a reactivity initiated accident. Specifically, the study has investigated the effects of a concentrated density of hydride particles (in the form of a rim at the outer surface of the cladding tube introduced by gas-charging) on the cladding ductility when tested under a near-plane-strain tension at 25, 300, and 375°C. The influence of the hydride-rim thickness and local hydrogen contents on cladding ductility is studied as a function of temperature and correlated with the hydride microstructure. Using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, this study has found that the delta-hydride phase (i.e., ZrHx, where x ? 1.66) is the predominant hydride phase to precipitate in stress-relieved Zircaloy-4 cladding for hydrogen contents up to 1250 wt ppm. At hydrogen contents above 2700 wt ppm, although delta-hydride is still the majority phase, both gamma- and epsilon-hydride phases are also observed. The volume fraction of hydrides was estimated as a function of hydrogen content, using the diffracted x-ray intensities. These estimated values agree well with calculated values assuming hydride precipitates are delta-hydride. Under near-plane-strain hoop tension, the ductility and fracture of the cladding is highly dependent on both the hydride-rim thickness and the testing temperature. At room temperature, due to a high density of hydride particles within the rim, a Mode I crack is injected shortly after yielding. This limits cladding ductility, such that it decreases with increasing thickness of the hydride rim. Cladding containing hydride rims with a thickness of ?100 mum was thus macroscopically brittle (the macroscopic failure strain was small) as the result of the initiation and propagation of a Mode I (i.e., tensile) crack through the thickness of the cladding. Crack growth occurred due to void initiation at fractured hydride particles and subsequent strain-induced coalescence. Mode I cracks were also observed at 300°C within the hydride rim, but the substrate failed by a mixed Mode I/II crack with no signs of void nucleation, as the hydride particles in the substrate resisted fracture. Macroscopically brittle behavior occurred for cladding with hydride rims thicker than ?170-mum. In contrast, at 375°C, materials with rim thicknesses up to 260 mum were ductile and failed due to localized necking. As a result, the effect of hydrogen on ductility at this temperature is small. Also, at this highest temperature, small Mode I cracks were occasionally observed within the hydride rim; these cracks were associated with high local hydrogen contents (>4000 wt ppm) and the presence of the tetragonal epsilon-hydride phase near the outer surface, suggesting that this hydride phase is highly brittle at all temperatures of this study. This study also tested specimens with a uniform distribution of hydrides (containing ?2200-wt-ppm hydrogen) in order to compare their behavior to that of hydride-rim specimens. Uniformly-hydrided specimens containing ?2200-wt-ppm hydrogen tested at 300°C showed the initiation of Mode I cracks and macroscopically brittle behavior, similar to that of the hydride-rim cladding. However, when tested at 375°C, cladding with ?2200-wt-ppm hydrogen showed comparable macroscopic ductility (>4% uniform hoop strain) and fracture (i.e., plastic instability) to that of non-hydrided cladding, suggesting that this cladding is macroscopically ductile. The difference between material behavior at 300 and 375°C indicates that the survivability of cladding during a reactivity initiated accident may depend critically on the exact cladding temperature at maximum load.

High-grade migmatitic and mylonitic gneisses from the Day Nui Con Voi massif in northern Vietnam record temperatures of 760-810^oC at pressures of 6-10kbars. High temperature conditions have resulted in the development of major element diffusional profiles in garnet. Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of trace elements indicate that REE and Hf closely followed Rayleigh-like fractionation trends but underwent significant post-crystallization modification. Light REE and to a lesser extent, HREE rim-to-rim zonation profiles show progressive flattening with the decreasing garnet size. Nd and Sm are completely homogenized in the crystals smaller than 1.5mm, while Lu always preserves variable degrees of core-to-rim concentration gradient. The observed REE patterns are interpreted as resulting from t...

The design and optimization of novel type of receiver for a paraboloidal concentrator with 90degree rim angle is carried out by means of detailed ray tracing simulations. Cylindrical, conical, and spherical geometries are compared and their dimensions optimized. The chosen design is based on a conical cavity, which differs from similar receivers developed for concentrators with smaller rim angles. In particular, the receiver is able to catch concentrated solar energy both on its outer side and on the inner walls. Water flows inside the receiver along the conical geometry, in a double layer configuration. The receiver was built and implemented in a 90degree rim angle paraboloidal concentrator. Thermal efficiency of the system is evaluated for different flow rates and inlet temperatures, bot...

Ionic liquid immobilized on commercial silica catalysts proved to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) with methanol. The immobilized 1-n-alkyl imidazolium halide ionic liquid on commercial silica (RImX-CS) was characterized by EA, BET, FT-IR, 13C NMR and 29Si NMR. It was found that RImX-CS with a longer alkyl chain length showed much better catalytic activity. RImX-CS with chloride (Cl?) as the counter anion showed the best catalytic activity. High temperature, high carbon dioxide pressure, and longer reaction time were favorable for the reactivity of BuImBr-CS. The catalyst can be reused for the reaction up to three consecutive runs without any considerable loss of its initial activity.

Expansions of simple DNA repeats cause numerous hereditary diseases in humans. We analyzed the role of DNA polymerases in the instability of Friedreich's ataxia (GAA)(n) repeats in a yeast experimental system. The elementary step of expansion corresponded to ?160 bp in the wild-type strain, matching the size of Okazaki fragments in yeast. This step increased when DNA polymerase ? was mutated, suggesting a link between the scale of expansions and Okazaki fragment size. Expandable repeats strongly elevated the rate of mutations at substantial distances around them, a phenomenon we call repeat-induced mutagenesis (RIM). Notably, defects in the replicative DNA polymerases ? and ? strongly increased rates for both repeat expansions and RIM. The increases in repeat-mediated instability observed in DNA polymerase ? mutants depended on translesion DNA polymerases. We conclude that repeat expansions and RIM are two sides of the same replicative mechanism. PMID:23142667

The capability of resorcinarenes to bind anions within the alkyl feet at the lower rim has been exploited as the starting point for developing a new cavitand able to engulf contact ion pairs of primary ammonium salts in chlorinated solvents with association constants (Kass) in the range of 103-104 M-1. Methylene bridges were introduced into the upper rim to freeze the resorcinarene in the cone conformation with the four Hdown protons converging in the lower pocket, thereby maximizing the CH-anion interactions responsible for the anion binding. Four additional phosphate moieties were introduced into the lower rim in close proximity to the anionic site to provide hydrogen-bonding-acceptor P O groups and promote cation complexation at the bottom of the cavitand. The binding ability of the syn...

PurposeTo study the change in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters using optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT 3) after trabeculectomy in adult patients with glaucoma.MethodsA total of 17 patients with glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy were recruited. Average and quadrant RNFL thickness measurements, vertical integrated rim area, horizontal integrated rim width, disc area, cup area, and rim area were measured using Stratus OCT within a week before surgery and at 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Main outcome measures were change in RNFL and ONH parameters. Pre- and postoperative values were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.ResultsIntraocular pressure (IOP) reduced from 30.239.02?mm?Hg preoperatively to 9.52 2.42...

In the present study, two gneiss xenoliths from the Mesozoic Jiagou intrusion at the southeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) are examined for in situ zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating in combination with zircon trace element and Hf isotope analyses. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images and trace element data reveal that most zircons from the dated samples display distinct core-rim structures, i.e., magmatic cores and metamorphic rims. The cores show typical igneous characteristics with oscillatory growth zoning and high rare earth element (REE) contents, whereas the metamorphic rims are characterized by spherical to oval shape, and high and homogeneous luminescent intensity. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating results suggest that the xenoliths formed at 2.55-2.64Ga and experienced high-grade metamor...

Soma, L. R., Uboh, C. E., You, Y., Guan, F., McDonnell, S. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and nandrolone in racing and nonracing intact male horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.35, 132-138. Pennsylvania (PA) State Racing Commissions regulate the endogenous androgenic steroid, testosterone (TES), in racing intact males (RIM) by quantification of TES in post-race samples. Post-race plasma samples (2209) collected between March 2008 and November 2010 were analyzed for TES, nandrolone (NAN), and other anabolic steroids (ABS). Of the 2209 plasma samples, 2098 had quantifiable TES -25-pg/mL. Plasma (mean--SD) concentrations of TES and NAN in RIM were 329.2--266.4 and 96.0--67.8-pg/mL, respectively. Only 64.6% of RIM had quantifiable concentration of NAN, and there was no relationship betwee...

This item is an interactive lecture demonstration (ILD) that helps students understand the Law of Inertia as it relates to circular motion. It features a pie plate with a wedge cut out. A metal ball is then spun around the rim of the plate. The inward force of the rim keeps the ball in circular motion until the rim ends, when the ball flies off in a straight line, obeying Newtonâs First Law. The action is animated to clearly illustrate how the demonstration should appear in the physics classroom. This item is part of a much larger collection of multimedia teaching resources which includes a database of ILD's, simulations, and video clips, compiled by the UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy. SEE RELATED ITEMS BELOW for a link to the full collection.

Numerical modeling of waveform diffractions along the rim of a volcano vent shows high correlation to observed explosion signals at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The finite difference modeling assumed a gaussian source time function and an axisymmetric geometry. A clear demonstration of the significant distortion of infrasonic wavefronts was caused by diffraction at the vent rim edge. Data collected at Karymsky in 1997 and 1998 were compared to synthetic waveforms and variations of vent geometry were determined via grid search. Karymsky exhibited a wide range of variation in infrasonic waveforms, well explained by the diffraction, and modeled as changing vent geometry. Rim diffraction of volcanic infrasound is shown to be significant and must be accounted for when interpreting source physics from acoustic observations.